We are all well known to the seven letter word ‘mistake’. All human beings commit mistakes quite naturally. But what if a single mistake costs 80 million dollars to a country?
History’s most expensive mistake
At Kennedy Space Center in America everyone was in a hurry-scurry because it was a special day. It was 27 August 1962 and NASA’s most ambitious interplanetary spacecraft Mariner-1 was all set for launch. Everything was double checked and at 1721 hours Mariner-1 was launched successfully.
But exactly after 3 minutes and 32 seconds of launch scientists at the space station got some crucial information. After almost 5 minutes Mariner-1 blasts off in air.
There was no issue either with the rocket or with calculations. The fault was a minute mistake in the code.
Whenever a spacecraft is launched into the outer space a code is used to preprogramme it with the path trajectory. Due to any unspecified reason, in the code of Mariner-1, a bar was missed that was needed to be put above R which is the radial velocity. When spacecrafts travel on their trajectory they keep moving and changing their trajectory due to various unavoidable reasons. Thus they are preprogrammed to ignore minute changes until and consider the mean trajectory. As the bar was missed in the code of Mariner-1, as soon as it was launched it started to overcorrect the minute changes in its trajectory which led it to spin randomly. Hence, Mariner-1 was destructed to prevent damage to inhabited areas on Earth.
Thus a single typing mistake was worth almost 18.5 million dollars, the cost of the spacecraft.
Stoicism is one of the four Ancient Greek value theories, the other three are: Epicureanism, Skepticism, and Cynicism. Value theories in philosophy teach us what makes a good life, wheras moral theories tell us how we should act.Stoicism asserts that accepting one’s destiny is what makes a good life. when used in daily interactions, being stoic means being prone to accepting one’s circumstances.
According to its teachings, the path to happiness for humans is found in accepting the moment as it is, by not allowing yourself to be controlled by your emotions, and using your mind to understand the world.
So the basic definition of stoicism as they themselves defined is as , “the endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint.”
While Aurelius, Epictetus and Seneca are the most popular and widely known stoics in today’s age, they all represent a later stage in Stoic philosophy 300+ years after the school was established by Zeno, often called ‘Roman Stoicism’. Though it demonstrates significant continuity to early Stoicism, it also took a more pragmatic turn, made other developments to the tradition, and so forth. Cicero is a good source for earlier forms of Stoicism (at least of Panaetius and other 2nd century Stoics). Didymus Arius/Stobaeus and Diognetes Laertes are often mined for fragmentary citations of early (Zeno, Chryssipus) Stoicism.
True stoicism is the ability to understand what one can control and what one cannot. What one can control should be addressed, acted upon, completed. If one encounters a situation beyond ones control, one may still control ones response. Say your company downsized, and your position is one that is eliminated. Certainly, that is beyond your control. Whether you choose to whine and cry or accept the situation gracefully is under your control – or should be, according to classical stoics. The true stoic will aim for the high road even if the going is rocky.
Some traits of stoicism:-
Reason.
Virtue.
Courage.
Self-mastery.
Calm.
Preparedness.
“Amor fati.” This phrase, popularized by Friedrich Nietzsche, means “love of fate.”
Perspective towards stoicism in today’s age
As Caleb beers a very well articulated well known writer writes, Stoicism is uniquelysuitable for our time in history.
The received wisdom of our age is that self-acceptance is a cardinal virtue, that being “in touch with your emotions” is of the highest importance, and that if you’re in the gutter, it’s somebody else’s fault, probably a “systemic” social problem. Needless to say, the fact that these are the unspoken tenets of our time reflect the underlying problems, which are laziness, weakness, fear, and a near-total absence of anything resembling personal responsibility. People are aware of these problems, of course, in the back of their minds, but struggle to articulate it, which is why people who shout from the rooftops about the importance of responsibility and taking ownership of your own life receive such a positive response. When a speaker gets up on stage and tells a bunch of young people to get their shit together, that speaker will get a standing ovation because the audience feels invigorated by what they’re hearing. And they feel invigorated because they’re hearing something they needed to hear, but did not consciously know that they needed to hear, although perhaps they knew it instinctively.
This is where Stoicism comes into play. The main observation behind it is that there are some things you can control, and other things you cannot control, so it helps to focus on the things you can control. Like much wisdom, this is blindingly obvious but people avoid it because it’s unpleasant to hear and think about. In contrast to so-called self-acceptance and being “in touch” with your emotions, Stoicism preaches self-improvement; “If you would be good, first believe that you are bad,” says Epictetus. Control of the emotions is of the utmost importance in this philosophy, and in contrast to blaming society for your problems, Stoicism tells you to pull your head directly out of your ass and begin doing something useful.
The main critique of Stoicism comes from academics who assert that it only works for people in positions of privilege. Of course, this isn’t true; one of the great Stoic philosophers, Epictetus, was a slave and thus occupied the lowest rung of the social ladder. And there have been people in dire situations who have used something similar to Stoicism; Victor Frankl, for example, was a Holocaust survivor who took comfort in the fact that only he could control his own choices, even if his captors took everything else from him. This points to the fact that the “social” critique of Stoicism comes from people in academia who, despite being quite well-off in their comfortable bourgeois occupations, have built their world view on a victimhood narrative. These critics of Stoicism have not only based their worldview on victimhood, but derive their very psychological stability from a narrative based around oppression and power, and thus feel personally threatened by a philosophy that tells them to take responsibility for themselves.
It’s a very general notion that law of torts work on fault based liability means whenever there is a wrongful act or omission, liability would be there. But what about the no fault liability? Have you heard about that? In this article, I’ll be dealing with the major judgments explaining what a no- fault liability is and how it helps the plaintiff or the victims.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED?
2. LEGALITIES
3. IS STRICT LIABILITY DIFFERENT FROM NO-FAULT LIABILITY?
4. CONCLUSION
WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED ON 3RD DECEMBER, 1984?
It was midnight of 3-4 December, 1984 when nearly 3000 thousand lost their lives just due to a gas leak called methyl Isocyanate which mixed with air causing breathing problems to the people who inhaled it. It affected plant and animal species as well. These symptoms and injuries continued to persist even after 30 years of this incident. The leak was happened because of negligence on the part of company as no proper maintenance was given to the plant.
LEGALITIES
Many people suffered due to this gas leak so, they moved to court filling their petitions against Union Carbide Corporation. As a result, Union of India taking into consideration all the complaints passed an ordinance and filed a petition in Bhopal district court and in US district court as well. US court directed Union of India to approach in India only for convenience. Bhopal court ordered Union Carbide Corporation to pay 3.3 Billion dollar, then Union Carbide Corporation moved to High Court to reduce the amount and as a result, the amount was reduced but the conflict wasn’t solved yet.
So, the parties decided to approach SC who evolved the concept of no-fault liability and ordered the Union Carbide Corporation to pay 470 million by 31st march, 1989.
IS NO- FAULT LIABILITY DIFFERENT FROM STRICT LIABILITY?
No- fault liability is also known as absolute liability evolved in 1989 with 100% liability. It is a liability when the defendant is held liable and he doesn’t have any remedies or defenses as compared to the strict liability. In case of no- fault liability, person will be held liable whether he has any intention to commit the crime or not, whether he took all reasonable care or not. Even act of god and plaintiff’s own fault can’t save him. Absolute liability is just a modified version of strict liability. Earlier defendants used to make excuses and take advantage of defenses available that’s why govt. introduced absolute liability to make them held liable.
CONCLUSION
No matter government has introduced many new laws after this incident but its effects are still seen in the lives of people living there having breathing problems still going on from one generation to another. But this principle of absolute liability proves to be beneficial in cases when the harm caused is serious and threatening to the lives of many people.
When good things happen, we boost our ego. “We did this, we did that.” When bad things happen, we lose heart. We lose patience with ourselves and we blame ourselves for everything.
That’s no way to live. up’s and down’s are a pattern of life and is a evidence of the fact that we are alive.
Find the stability in your life, discover it and hang on it. Hang on to the good in you.
Water is the single most important resource on the planet that we live on, and that is why it is essential that we conserve it. Water is the basic necessity for all living beings, and it is incredibly important to conserve it. It is not only important for living and breathing things, but also for many inanimate objects that humans create. Water constitutes more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, and yet we do not have enough water for our needs. It is essential to conserve and save water for ourselves and the entire planet Earth.There is water in the oceans, rivers, seas, ponds, lakes.If the water on our planet ever runs out, it would be very bad for humans, plants as well as animals. All living beings are dependent on water – plants need water to grow, animals and humans need to drink water to survive, aquatic animals live in water, so they will die if there is none. Thus, if the water on the planet gets over, there will be no future for any of us.This is the reason why we need to save water. We can save water in many ways, including by taking shorter showers or using a bucket to have a bath instead of a shower, making sure to close the tap properly after using it. It is important to save water because all living beings need water to survive, including animals, plants, and humans, and without water, there will be no future.few things you can do in your daily life to save water, such as: Always finish the water in your glass Don’t leave the tap running while washing your hands, brushing your teeth, etc. Make sure that the tap is not dripping after you finish using it Take shorter showers, or use buckets to have a bath instead
Save water theme with earth and faucet illustration
Turn off the taps:Don’t let your water consumption run out of control. Save 6 litres of water a minute by turning off your tap while you brush your teeth. Catch rainwater:Installing water butts saves up to 5,000 litres of water a year . And your plants will thank you for rainwater rather than treated tap water.You can also cut water use by 33% by watering plants manually instead of using automatic sprinklers. As our population rapidly increases; water scarcity only grows into a more serious problem for farming communities and people in cities. And with global warming and climate change, water scarcity further evolves into a bigger problem. Today, water security is very much at risk and it is fundamental to manage it in harmony with local ecosystems and communities .Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a tank, cistern, deep pit like well, aquifer, or a reservoir with percolation, so that it seeps down and restores the ground water. The importance of rainwater harvesting lies in the fact that it can be stored for future use. Just as it can be used directly so also the stored water can be utilized to revitalize the ground level water and improve its quality. This also helps to raise the level of ground water which then can be easily accessible.
Man is the only creature in the entire universe blessed with a body and a mind. It is this, which makes him the crown of creation. While a healthy body is necessary, but in absence of a healthy mind, he is no longer a human being, but is more akin to an animal. Thus in my opinion a healthy mind is more important than a healthy body.
While the body is subject to ageing, the mind is not. Thus a healthy person may with a passage of time, grow old with age. On the other hand, the mental faculty of a person not only increases with age, but he becomes more mature, wiser and experienced.
So, in my opinion, a healthy mind plays a very significant role in one’s life to conquer all the barriers and challenges.
Arguments never help people to solve a problem or reach a compromise. Arguments always implicate tension and reciprocal irritation, which aggravates misunderstanding between the parties and turn things into great problemsArguments can be like storms – enough bad ones over a long period of time and it can really start to weather away at things
The author in this essay gives three situations to avoid an argument. Once he went to an ice cream shop with his child and demanded for 3 liters of ice cream for which the girl in the shop said ‘Do you know how hard it is to scoop three liters?’ She wanted to question that girl but instead she understood the situation that it was too rush and she was the only girl to serve everybody. The girl felt comfort and relaxed by her words. So the author avoided the situation of an argument. The author gives three techniques in which we can avoid an argument and she calls them as ‘Tongue Fu’.
Handle hassles with humour:
The author once happens to see a tall young man walking in San Francisco Airport. People around him were laughing because his T-Shirt says ‘No I am not a Basket ball player’ and at the back it was ‘Are you a Jockey?’ The author chased him and asked for which the tall man said that he has a whole drawer full at home. The author was surprised to hear this. But the tall man said that one should not bother what others say about him and if he finds that they are making fun of him then to sometimes few catchy quotations or cartoons are put on to change the attitude of the people.
When people complain, don’t explain:
The author says there are situation where we come across complaints in that situation we should not start explaining otherwise it will lead to argument. Like when somebody is ringing to the office and complaining about the catalogue, instead of explaining about the delay its better say sorry and till them that you will get to them back soon. Another example is a man was waiting an appointment with the doctor at 3 o’clock. But when it was time he got angry and started shouting. But the receptionist replied him in a polite voice and convinced him.
Exit gracefully:
In a dinner table there was an argument about the highways. The father-in-law does not like and the son-in-law said it is good to have highways. The father-in-law does not like and he existed from the dinner table.
Another example, there was a talk going on between the author and his friends regarding the election and each one was favouring his own favourite party. When they asked the opinion of the author, the author didn’t say anything and came out of that place. Thus the author says one can avoid argument if he remembers these three steps in life because ‘A spoken word flies; you won’t catch it’. It is waste of time only. So we have to avoid fruitless arguments.
As a central concept in the present day international scenario, GLOBALIZATION is hard to define. Still, scholars have made attempts to provide a basic understanding of the concept. Globalization is a significant factor in competitive world that integrate and mobilize cultural values of people at the global level. In the age of rapid technical progression, many countries are unified and transformed due to the process of globalization. The concept has got inextricably linked with the process of transformation touching upon every aspect of SOCIAL, POLITICAL, and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT around the globe. It can be seen as a process by which the POPULATION of the world is increasingly bonded into a single society. GLOBALIZATION has a huge impact on cultural, social, monetary, political, economic, and communal life of countries. But, WHAT IS THIS GLOBALIZATION? HOW IT HAS IMPACTED RHE THE WORLD? HOW HAS IT IMPACTED US? THE PEOPLE IN THE SOCIETY?
Well, In Broader sense, the term “GLOBALIZATION” means combination of economies and societies through cross country flows of information, technology, ideas, goods, services, capital, finance, and people. In the SOCIAL front, globalization signifies closer interaction of people and homogenisation of culture and values and the world being transformed into a “GLOBAL VILLAGE”. POLITICALLY, it refers to the complex networks of global governance and shared Political values resulting in the development of a tendency towards homogenisation of global Political culture. ECONOMICALLY, it is manifested in the form of LIBERALISATION tendencies, privatisation, deregulation leading to a FREE MARKET REGIME.
The term GLOBALIZATION encompasses various aspects including expanded international trade, telecommunications, monetary co-ordination, multinational corporations, cultural exchanges of new types and scales, migration, and refugee flows, and relations between the world’s rich and poor countries. Globalization is marked by LIBERALISATION, PRIVATIZATION, FREE TRADE, DEREGULATION OF TARIFF BARRIERS, INTERNATIONALISATION OF NATIONAL ECONOMIES, GLOBAL MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL, INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY. Therefore, Globalization signifies: * Opening up of national economies to foreign capital, foreign direct investment and foreign technologies. * Efforts of integrating national economies with the global economy. * Free trade, meaning free flow of trade and removal of tariff and trade barriers, protective regimes including granting of Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status. * PRIVATIZATION is the key to LIBERALISATION which means less and less control of state over ownership of means of production and distribution. * Globalized social movements have resulted in global civic activism and range from movements for human rights, women’s issues, Greenpeace and other environmental movements to HIV/AIDS.
“GLOBALIZATION AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE”. The WESTPHALIAN MODEL OF STATE SYSTEM has come under the threats of Globalization. Though the states, still surviving, exercise their power and authority in certain respects, but the core of the WESTPHALIAN MODEL, that is, the CONCEPT OF SOVEREIGNTY, has deeply undermined in a fast globalizing world. The concept of sovereignty pertains to a specific reference, to a specific territory where governments exercise absolute authority. But the FORCES OF GLOBALIZATION have rendered the territorial limits useless. In other words, there has been a deterritorialization of the world. The state in a globalizing world has to work along with the forces which are not under its control even such as surveillance by global governance agencies, nationalism, global ecological problems, satellite communications, electronic money transfers, multinational companies, migration, information flows, technology transfers and most importantly, nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction. Scholars have pointed out that the concept of ABSOLUTE SOVEREIGNTY was developed under conditions of relatively low level of interdependence among the states. However, the complex level of interdependence with large flow of capital, labour, technology and information across borders has now emerged within the changing patterns of SOVEREIGNTY and its meaning and conditionally are continuously changing in a FAST GLOBALIZING WORLD.
The GLOBAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM has also limited the STATE SOVEREIGNTY. In several fields, Ranging from conflict management, to human rights and environmental movements more than the state it is now the agencies such as THE UNITED NATIONS, THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF), the WTO, the WORLD BANK, and various regional arrangements have significant roles to play.
Global Social Movements have also now come to undermine the SOVEREIGNTY OF STATES. These Social Movements to some extent succeed in bringing about changes in the policies of the states.
Hence, it might seem that under such circumstances, Globalization has really brought an end to state sovereignty. But, experiences show that STATES do continue to be the most powerful actors and, in times of turbulence, such as global economic crisis states have again reaffirmed their authority as ultimately it is the governments who are providing bailout packages for the financial institutions in their respective countries.
“Man often becomes what he believes himself to be. If I keep on saying to myself that I cannot do a certain thing, it is possible that I may end by really becoming incapable of doing it. On the contrary, if I have the belief that I can do it. I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have it at the beginning.” – Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi was a man of extreme will power. He was one of the people who never gave up and kept working until he succeeded. His identity is not limited to a lawyer, nationalist or a freedom fighter. He was a leader and a writer who people used to look up to. He gave the world various learning which a normal person could not do. He was one of the people who left us in debt not of money but of knowledge.
No man is born with what he has now. All the qualities which a man possesses are the fruit of his hard work, his blood, sweat and tears. A man’s thought process plays a very important role in his life, what a man believes gets reflected in his actions; later these actions become his values and a man is made up of his values. What I think is what I will do, what I think of myself is what I will be. A human’s brain has been given a special ability which is rare for any other living species and that is the power to think. The concept of thinking is not limited, might its literal meaning be considering or reasoning about something but a broad perspective is hidden behind it. To think is to imagine, to dream, to determine. One day if I think of myself as a decent person with a strong mind, I will on the same day start the journey to become one. The next day I will feel stronger and the next to next day I will feel stronger. After one month I will become the person I aspired to be and this is how thinking process works. But if I keep think of myself as a person with a weak mindset, after a month I will be weaker. This has both positive and negative effect and it depends on the person how he uses his thinking capacity. A person’s attitude makes him and breaks him too. Considering things like, ‘I can’t do this’ will make us rigid but a simple thought like ‘I can, I can do this’ will make us flexible. Life is all about discovering new things and adapting them. Life is like a game in which we find new adventures every day, but if you deny facing them you need to start from the 1st level to a new path. While the others who faced it are far ahead of you with new skills, values and are walking further.
Failing to do something does not denote that you cannot do it but it simply says that you need to do it again, you need to practice more. A person who fails once and thinks he cannot do it will go even behind. But the one who learns from his mistakes is even better than the people who succeeded at their first attempt. A soft sea has never made a good sailor. The more you fail, the more you learn a person can never learn something on his own or by birth. This is a concept contrary to talent, to be precise, talent is often considered an inborn skill but what is often overlooked is the hard work behind it. A veteran basketball player missed 100 shots to make 10 perfect ones; he lost 50 matches to win the 10. The person who is ahead of you has failed many more times than you did. A person fails due to his mistake not because he wasn’t made for him. If I think I am not capable of a thing it will not only stop me from doing it again but make me incapable of it while I could certainly made it through if I wanted to. In a class with 50 students with a fixed mindset remained the same academically but 50 with a growth mindset improved a grade point or two. A mindset is what we nurture from the very beginning hat is our childhood, as it is well known that we tame ourselves when young. But as we know what we think, we will become so it is right to say that age is just a number. It is never too late.
The best version of a person comes out when he becomes confident of his capabilities. Years ago, it was considered impossible for a human being to cut the mountain all by himself. But soon it was proved by the mountain man when he cut the mountain single handedly with a hammer and a chisel. The man who cut the mountain was inspired by the grief of his wife’s death but it made him do something no one dreamt of. There are several examples of people doing things that a man never imagined he could. The concept certainly doesn’t mean to think impossible things like flying, but to think of that, it made the Wright brothers do what no one did. What others say and what others do is something which affects a man the most, both in positive and negative ways. A man with weak mindset not only makes himself a humdrum but others too, but a person with a progressive mind can not only motivate himself but others to do what others can’t. It is just a game of mindsets which assign role for people but these stereotypes are always broken now and then. A blind cannot read is just one of these assigned roles, which was broken fairly when a blind girl not only read but cracked one of the most difficult exams of the country, the UPSC mains. “A man who believes he can do something is right and so is the one who believes he can’t.”, it certainly says it all. Determination is the key to success, when a person makes his mind to do something with his full will power then there is no one stopping him unless he stops himself from doing it. Everyone would like to win but there are a few who can and the secret is to make your mind and work.
The Perseverance meander-er trundling the outside of Mars started its most basic mission stage — searching for old microbial life. This period of the mission started on June 1, the Joint Propulsion Laboratory said in an articulation as the meander-er left the “Octavia E. Head servant” landing site. During the initial not many long stretches of the science activities stage, the meander-er will drive up to a low-lying beautiful ignore in the Jazero pit, from where it will study probably the most established topographical highlights utilizing its auto-route and examining frameworks. “The objective is to discover four spots to gather tests,” JPL said. Over the course of the following a while, Perseverance will investigate a four sq km fix of the cavity floor, from where it will gather soil tests to be gotten back to Earth in future missions. “We are putting the wanderer’s charging stage just as the arrival site in our rear view mirror and taking off,” said Jennifer Trosper, Perseverance project supervisor.
With the coming of top notch telescopes in the nineteenth century, stargazers started exploring the geographic highlights of the planet. The especially creative Giovanni Schiaparelli deciphered Mars vistas as mainlands confused by trenches. While he might not have envisioned water-filled waterways ascribed to clever plans, others unquestionably decorated his dreams. A plenty of brilliant Martian sci-fi followed. The legend of water waterways on Mars was supported by American space expert Percival Lowell’s perceptions and distributions of the mid twentieth century. The fancies of Earth-based perception combined with air choppiness would ceaselessly develop the channel fantasy until the effective Mars flyby of Mariner 4 of every 1965. It caught grainy pictures showing what seemed, by all accounts, to be a cratered planet as dead as Earth’s moon. Then, at that point, in 1971, Mariner 9 effectively entered Mars’ circle and sent tempting pictures of gullies conceivably cut by water, this time supported by “short proximity” cutting edge photography.
The SUV-sized wanderer is the most progressive lab on wheels to have arrived on Mars somewhat recently. The science objective of the mission remembers reading the Jezero locale for requests to comprehend the geography and past livability of the climate nearby and to look for indications of antiquated infinitesimal life. During the science stage, the wanderer will likewise step through estimations and examination advancements to help future human and mechanical investigations. JPL has planned the course that the meander-er will take to arrive at its new objective, alongside discretionary side roads and marked spaces of interest and expected hindrances. Scaled down automated labs on Mars lander can’t coordinate with the ability, accuracy and itemized examination of natural eyes and instruments in Earth-based labs. While the Perseverance meander-er will have cutting edge, locally available lab instruments, it will store tests to be gotten back to Earth on a future automated mission. Indeed, even before we take that Mars test gold mine back to Earth, we as of now have bits of Mars to concentrate in Earth labs. Throughout geologic time, Mars sway trash has been impacted into space toward Earth’s circle. Of the assessed 60,000 shooting stars that have been found on Earth, more than 100 of these have been controlled by isotopic mark to have begun on Mars.
The examination zeroed in on carbonate that had framed in basalt from the early stage hull of Mars. The carbonate evidently conformed to 4 billion years prior, when Mars had surface water, higher barometric pressing factor and higher temperatures. They tracked down some little cylinder like constructions, in the size scope of Earth nano-bacteria at just 200 manometers of maximum. They found poly cyclic fragrant hydrocarbons that could be related with life. They discovered strings of magnetite related with a portion of the cylinder like designs. This is like some advanced microbes. Every one of these bits of proof taken alone isn’t persuading, yet taken together, the chance, as detailed by McKay and his co-creators, could be conceivable. Over 20 years after the fact, the discussion proceeds.
On 4th June 2021, the finance ministry of Russia has announced the removal of the ‘Dollar’ from the National Wealth Fund. National Wealth Fund is an accumulated fund of oil reserves of Russia. Currently, the dollar accounts for nearly 35% of this fund which is expected to be changed into currencies such as the euro, yuan etc. The total worth of the national wealth fund is $186 billion now will be changed into other currencies. Russia has taken these steps in response to the economic sanctions imposed by the USA in April alleging Russia’s role in the 2020 US elections. The US has also alleged Russia of being involved with large scale computer network hacking and other illegal activities. Due to the sanctions, the US banks and institutional investors cannot invest in the Russian government ruble-denominated bonds. The analysts believe the new set of sanctions may damage the Russian economy to a significant extent. But according to the ‘wall street journal’, the decision to convert dollar holdings into other currencies is Russia’s clear message to the US that it will not fear any of sanctions imposed by the US.
Sovereign wealth funds are state-owned investment funds that help governments in investment, the flow of wealth, crisis management etc. These funds are generally for investment in bonds, stocks, gold and real estate, etc. Almost every big economy maintains one or more national wealth fund. According to the world economic forum, by January 2021, the Norwegian government pension fund is the world’s richest sovereign wealth fund worth $1.1 trillion. China investment cooperation fund is the second richest in the world with a valuation of around $1 trillion.
The emergence of the dollar as a global currency for trade
From 1870 to the first world war, the pound sterling was used extensively across the globe. This period was dominated by the economies of the UK and the US. But between WWI and WWII gold standard collapsed and the importance of the pound sterling also declined. The economic turbulence during the interwar period had made world leaders worried about the future of the global economic system. After the end of the second world war, 700/representatives from 44 countries met in a high-level conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in the united states. The objective of this conference was to create a new global agreeable financial system. The Bretton woods conference established two important financial institutions- the world bank and IMF. This conference also declared the US dollar as an international reserve currency. The reason behind the US dollar being declared as an international reserve currency was its exceptional control over the global gold reserve.
Russia has intensified ‘de-dollarisation’ in the post-2014 period when its relations with the west is continuously deteriorating. With continuous deteriorating US-Russia relations, Russia’s relations with China is substantially improving. Since 2014, Russia is also working on an international monetary transfer system like china. Slowly Russia is decreasing its trade-in dollar and increasing the use of the euro and yuan. Both Russia and China have declared to take joint initiatives to end western dominance on the international payment system and the dependence on the US dollar. On 26th April 2011, Bloomberg reported that the line in global exports, the share of US currency has dropped by as much as 50%.
Hockey is the national sport of our country India . Still people love to watch Cricket far more than cricket . Hence the cricketers are paid 10 times more than even the highest paid hockey players . Even the highest paid sports are cricketers . So Cricket should be declared the National Sport of our country India . The importance that the game Hockey deserves is not given to it . So we should not only watch Cricket but also watch Hockey and other sports . That is all we can do on our part . We can not do more than this .
Sports are an integral part of ones life . It is rightly said that ” All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy “. These cannot be excluded from our lives . But during the Covid 19 pandemic we are not able to play outdoor games . We all are scared to go outside our homes . So what we do is that during our free time we play online games like PUBG , Free fire , FIFA , Call Of Duty etc . So that is what we can do before every thing becomes normal .
Sunil Chhetri , the captain of the Indian Football team never ever fails to deliver and scores goals when his team is in need the most . The Indian footballer did it again by scoring two goals against Bangladesh which enabled India to win that match . He also recently broke the World record of Messi and became the second highest International goal scorer in the game . This guy is taking Indian football to next limits . Hope he play more number of matches before his retirement .
This conflict between Allopathy and Ayurveda is very old. It is believed that the use of modern medicine in India i.e. Allopathy started in the 16th century. At that time there were no doctors. Rather Acharya, Vaidya, Rishi and Hakim used to treat people and the methods of treatment were also quite different.
It is said that during that time millions of people died due to numerous diseases spread. It was only due to these diseases that Allopathy found its way into our country and gained people’s trust. Since then the conflict between Ayurveda and Allopathy started, which continues till today.
Ayurveda, one of the ancient methods of treatment, is considered to be 3 to four thousand years old. It is made up of two words from the Sanskrit language Ayur and Veda. Ayur means life and Veda means science. That is, Ayurveda means the science of life.
There are 114 verses in the Atharvaveda which refer to treatment by Ayurvedic method.
Many major diseases have been described in the Atharvaveda such as fever, cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea and skin diseases.
Apart from this, 67 medicines are also mentioned in the Rigveda, 82 medicines are mentioned in the Yajurveda and in the Samaveda, some mantras related to Ayurveda are described.
While Allopathy is the modern method of treatment, Ayurveda is the ancient method of treatment. One of the major reasons for the conflict between the two is that Ayurveda is seen to be associated with religion.
The British were well aware that the expansion of Allopathy in India would not be easy. Earlier, when smallpox spread in India, it was treated by Ayurvedic method. But then in the year 1796 the smallpox vaccine was developed and the British started using this vaccine in India. This smallpox vaccine saved the lives of people and thus won the trust of people.
It is said that the Acharyas and Vaidyas opposed it, but the British suppressed this opposition.
Today there are a total of 69 thousand government and private hospitals across the country, while the number of Ayush hospitals is just 3600. These include 2 thousand 827 Ayurvedic hospitals, 252 Unani hospitals, 264 hospitals of Siddha system of medicine and 216 hospitals of Homoeopathy.
It is said that Allopathy saves 20 lakh people every year in the world and it is estimated that between 2000 and 2030, 7 crore deaths due to 10 diseases will be averted due to allopathic medicines. Apart from this, the market of Allopathy is also very big.
This is why today people want to become doctors but do not want to become doctors of Ayurveda.
While allopathic treatment has so far saved the lives of crores of people all over the world, yoga and Ayurvedic treatment have also taught people about having a healthy lifestyle.
Both are efficient methods for medical treatment. Every method has its own importance. The bitter truth is that there is a conflict between the interests of human beings regarding these systems.
Devon Philip Conway the new kiwi player has been outrageous through out the matches that he has played . The kiwi scored a double ton in his first test match and a 87 score in his first T-20 . This player can be The Next Big Thing in the World Test Championship against India . If he can face big players like James Anderson , Mark Wood and Stuart Broad than he must be a class player and can definitely score runs against the big Indian names . So India be prepared for him .
Livelihood of human being has been mostly affected during the times of Pandemic. The natural reason for the negative impact is due to lockdown and safety measures taken by the government to keep health of every human being safe and secure. During this time, Students have suffered a lot in terms of getting the proper education . Parents have become a slave of school, they have to pay the hefty amount of fees to school. They don’t have an option to do anything against the school and education system. Online classes is the only way to continue our education in the lockdown. Many problems have a single solution i.e., new ways to continuously learn and grow without wasting any single year.
Online classes do have multiple benefits as it is the only choice left for us. Schools and colleges were shut due to the fear of spreading virus rapidly. Despite of several advantage, It has made our education system more lazy towards fulfilling their duties and responsibilities. Even students have lost their interest due to virtual classes which give us performing multiple task simultaneously. Being at home, It is nearly impossible for everyone to follow the time table set by schools and colleges sincerely. Both Teachers and students have faced many challenges as some doesn’t had proper system for taking online classes like Laptop, Internet, Tripod, etc.
Quality of education has decreased due to the pandemic. Many students are not able to focus and learn virtually. Even the online exams conducted by schools and universities have given students several chances of not studying properly. There are so many ways to cheat in the online exams. In the upcoming future, Our Education system needs to think more ways to provide the best education to the students. The government needs to take more strict actions in implementing the education compulsory and easily available for all. Due to pandemic, Our lives have taken a u-turn which is not leading us to our brighter future. It will take a lot of time for us to overcome the negative impacts it is leaving .
Education sector needs more attention and strictness. In order to keep the students think new and creative ideas, We should encourage them in pursuing what them dream to do in the right direction.
The World test Championship is about to get started in just 9 days . And our wait is to get over very soon . Lets see who will will this time . The good news for India is that the New Zealand Captain has been ruled out from England Test Championship . But they still have Devon Conway the batsman with an astonishing debut . Lets see if Virat Kohli can win at least one ICC Championship in his entire career or not . Pant will be the key player for the Indian side .
Air is important for living things .Breathing is a part of a process called respiration .During respiration ,a living thing takes in oxygen from tge air and gives out carbon dioxide .the process gives animals and plants the energy to eat ,grow and live life.
importance uses of air
Sustain life and growth
combustion
maintain temperature
supplier of energy
photosynthesis
while the ocean contain most of the plants water water also exist as ice and water vapour .Air is important because it helps water move between their states in a process scientist call the water cycle .Heated by the sun surface water vapours into the air and becomes water vapour .
All living things need air .Animals and plants would die withou
Worlds richest nations group G7 (Group of 7)have agreed that MNCs operating anywhere across the globe will be obliged to pay a minimum tax rate of at least 15%. This would be a change in global tax system that has existed so far. This would close loopholes using which MNCs could shift the profits and tax revenues to low taxing jurisdiction.
MNCs always prefer countries that charges the lowest of lowest tax to set their firm and it has always been that governments attract foreign investments to their country by lowering the tax rate they have to pay. According to U.K based Tax Justice Network, India suffers annual loss of $10.3bn from global tax abuse.
Global Minimum Tax Rate
It is the tax rate that will apply for profit made overseas, the local government of country in which the business is operating in can fix whatever corporate tax rate they want but the minimum tax rate will be met by the company by paying extra tax in their home country. Minimum Tax rate will be fixed for every MNCs, so that shifting of profits and tax revenues to low tax countries and escaping higher tax payments in home country will be blocked.
The minimum tax rate proposal was agreed but the rate of tax have not been fixed yet. The pandemic has hit the world worse and countries are trying to revive their hard hit Economy. The world economy is estimated to have shrunk by 3.5% in 2020 which has made most of the countries to use wealth from coffers to Support the economy. The G7 has also agreed on allocating equitable tax rights, with market countries awarding taxing rights on at least 20% of profit exceeding a 10% margin for the largest and the most profitable entities.
In the present generation, an addiction more dangerous that drugs is social media. Social media has literally handcuffed people to their mobile phones and laptops. After keeping their mobile down, people don’t feel comfortable to sit idle or do some work because they are urged to check to their phones several times. People forget to eat, drink, see time and look around. Phones that were first used for talking has developed over time and in present, even used to kill time. In recent years, after social media platforms like Facebook or Instagram have been developed to provide entertainment and a chance to connect with their friends and family, but have also captured them as prisoners because people cannot imagine their lives without social media.
FACTS ABOUT SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTON
It is estimated that over 210 million people worldwide suffer from social media addiction.
The number of young adults experiencing sleep issues jumped from 26% to 41% since 2015. Social media maybe a boon in some ways but have negative impacts in many ways.
Teens who spend 5 or more hours per day on their smartphones are 71% more likely to have one risk factor for suicide.
Globally, people spend an average time of 2hours and 23 minutes on social media and messaging per day.
50% of people were caught driving while using their mobile for checking social media.
10% of the teenagers check their phones more than 10 times at night.
SYMPTOMSOF SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION
Spending majority time on social media.
Inability to focus on other things except social media.
Taking photos almost every time to post it.
Anger when its usage is reduced.
Always craving for internet connection.
The first thing you would open when you get an opportunity.
The compulsive need to update your every movement everyday.
Always checking for notification.
Contacting your friends and being in touch only through social media.
Increased use of social media even in the midst of family and friends or while even doing other activities.
A feel of restlessness when you are not using social media.
Insomnia, headaches, eye related issues are the physical symptoms.
Not valuing offline relationships.
Increasing reliance on social media for coping up and solving real life problems.
EFFECTS OF THE ADDICTION
A person’s concentration totally dedicated to social media cannot be able to focus on any other real life problems or jobs. They live in a world full of likes and comments for their posts that they often forget to live in the real world.
Ignoring relationships in real life.
Social media facilitates to compare the real lives of individuals with the filtered, flawless, edited and happy lives of others (which are actually not; no one’s life is perfect) can be detrimental to the mental wellbeing of the self.
Increase in isolation.
Reduces work performance.
Disturbed sleeping pattern.
Anxiety or depression.
Reduced physical activity which leads to another set of health issues.
Now, the question comes-How can we prevent ourselves from addiction?
Though it is a very difficult process in this technologically moving world let’s try to follow some steps to avoid addiction:
Setting a time limit for using social media can greatly help us because once we have a perfect schedule, we try our best to stick to it.
Delete the apps from your phone if you are too addicted. You can still access them from your laptop but there will be a decrease in time of usage.
Ensure you spend a lot of time with your loved ones in person.
Start a new hobby that’s not technology related.
Following these can bring your happy self back to you. Social media is a great technology when u have self-control and you know how to use it positively.
1.Kashmir Kashmir is known for its natural beauty and is thus, rightly called Heaven on Earth. The beautiful Kashmir Valley is home to many destinations ideal for nature lovers, family vacationers, honeymooners, and even a group of friends. Along with great sightseeing opportunities, it offers adventure activities like trekking, skiing, and river rafting, recreational activities like fishing & angling, and even spa & wellness.Top Places to Visit in Kashmir are Srinagr,Pahalgam,Gulmarg,Sonmarg,Aru & Betaab Valley and Gurez Valley. 2.Ladakh Ladakh is one of the must-visit destinations in India. It is ideal for adventure enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.This destination in India is perfect for motorbiking and mountain biking, camping, river rafting, trekking and peak climbing adventures.Top Places to Visit in Ladakh are Leh,Pangong Lake,Tsomoriri,TsoKar,Nubra Valley,Zanskar Valley. 3.Sikkim Sikkim is a glittering gem of the North-East Himalayas. This northeast Indian destination is popular for being home to the world’s third highest mountain, Kanchenjunga (8586 m). Sikkim is one of the best destinations in India to spend a peaceful and laid back holiday as well as enjoy enthralling adventure activities.Top Attractions in Sikkim are Gangtok,Yuksom,Yumthang Valley,Tsomgo Lake,Nathu La, Pelling,Lachung,Ravangla,Rumtek Monastery,Namchi,Do-Drul Chorten,Jawaharlal Nehru Botanical Garden,Zuluk. 4.Andaman The Andaman Islands are an Indian archipelago in the Bay of Bengal. These roughly 300 islands are known for their palm-lined, white-sand beaches, mangroves and tropical rainforests. Coral reefs supporting marine life such as sharks and rays make for popular diving and snorkeling sites. 5.Kerala Kerala is well-known for its mesmerizing backwaters, ecotourism initiatives, scenic beauty, amazing beaches, and mouthwatering cuisine.Top Places to Visit in Kerala are Fort Kochi , Muziris , Kerala Backwaters,Marari Beach , Periyar National Park, Munnar, Varkala. 6.Meghalaya Meghalaya, meaning the “abode of clouds” is a paradise for nature lovers. A hill station that is home to a beautiful, mesmerizing sky in a true sense has captivated the minds of tourists all across the globe. The state filled with huge hills, valleys, numerous lakes, captivating waterfalls, pitch dark caves, and sacred forests. 7.Goa India’s not just full of big cities and holy sites—it also has incredible beaches down south in Goa. Its stretches of golden sand along the Arabian Sea offer something for every type of tourist, whether you’re interested in hanging out with the backpacker crowd in laid-back beach huts or having a ritzy tropical getaway at a five-star resort.One unique part of Goa is its blend of Indian and Portuguese cultures. You’ll experience the fusion throughout the destination, from its Baroque architecture and cathedrals to its spicy vindaloo curries and seafood dishes. 8.Darjeeling Sightseeing in India doesn’t get much better than what you’ll discover in Darjeeling. The hill station in West Bengal is beloved for its lush green tea plantations, awe-inspiring snow-capped peaks (including Khangchendzonga, the world’s third-highest mountain), and serene Buddhist monasteries. This is the perfect place to arrange a mountain trek or mountain biking adventure.One of the most popular things to do in Darjeeling is taking a ride on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. Powered by an antique steam locomotive, the 140-year-old “Toy Train” takes tourists on two-hour fun rides from Darjeeling to Ghum—a journey that’s regularly counted as one of the most scenic train rides in the world.
The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is wreaking havoc in India, devastating especially on the not so affluent sections of our society. The intermittent lockdowns and the resultant economic fallouts have left the poor to fend for themselves. With the enormity of numbers that we are witnessing in the second wave, even the capacity to afford private healthcare is becoming increasingly immaterial. The entire system is getting crushed under the rapidly rising toll of the pandemic. Swift and widespread vaccination of almost the entire adult population could thwart this catastrophic wave of sickness and death. Though the Union government has allowed vaccinations of everyone above the age of 18 from May 1, there still linger some genuine concerns.
Allowing everyone above the age of 18 to get vaccinated and making the vaccines available on such a large scale is not the same thing. Furthermore, affordability is one of the major concerns. A survey conducted by Gaon Connection, a rural media platform, found that the paramount concern for a large section of the population in rural India was the issue of affordability, with about 36% of the respondents of the survey expressing their unwillingness to pay for the vaccine. Since the question of affordability is one of the primary reasons for vaccine hesitancy, it needs to be addressed with urgency.
Many states have announced that vaccinations will be provided for free through state funded hospitals and health centers. Whether they’ll be able to keep their word depends on whether they can procure sufficient doses. As for private hospitals, the Union government has taken a free-market approach, by allowing them to procure vaccinations directly from the manufacturers.
A single dose of vaccine could be free, or could cost anywhere between Rs 700 and Rs 1,500 depending on where you get your vaccination and which vaccine you choose. The lack of a holistic approach and a uniform strategy in terms of vaccination has resulted in chaos, and the system is breaking down under the stress of policy incertitude. There is no clarity on how the manufacturers will handle the supply chain distribution between the state governments and private hospitals. Most state-owned hospitals, where the vaccines can be administered free of cost, are facing a dire shortage of vaccines. This has put the poorer sections of our society at a distinct disadvantage in our fight against the pandemic. Apropos of this, there is an increasing debate on whether the right to such lifesaving vaccinations should be part of basic human rights.
If we look at the issue from a political perspective, it is evident that a modern day Welfare State should ensure the protection of basic human rights. It should provide social services to its citizens, including in the matter of public health. All citizens, irrespective of their financial status, must be beneficiaries of these services. Consequently, the political actions of the government should among other things, be aimed at facilitating social policies for disease prevention and cure.
In India, the right to health is not explicitly referred to under the Constitution as a fundamental right, but the apex court of the nation has many a time emphasised the importance of this right. Through its landmark judgments in cases like Bandhua Mukti Morcha v Union of India & Ors, Consumer Education and Research Centre v. Union of India, and Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity & Ors. v. State of West Bengal, the Supreme Court had interpreted the provision of Article 21 of the Constitution as including a right to health. Even from the economy’s point of view, there is a case to be made for providing free vaccinations. A healthy population is fundamental to a healthy economy. Perhaps this is the reason why even nations favouring free market capitalism like Switzerland are providing free COVID-19 vaccines for their residents.
The counterargument oftentimes is that India does not have the financial or economic means to execute such a large scale welfare program. This argument lacks substance, considering we as a nation have time and again in the recent past splurged sizable resources on several vanity projects. India’s poor track record of healthcare spending is well documented. It is estimated that the public spending of our country in the health sector has remained stagnant at just above 1% of the GDP for the past decade, which is one of the lowest in the world. The National Health Policy of 2015 estimates that more than 63 million people are faced with poverty every year due to healthcare costs. Surely, free vaccinations for all the citizens would be a bare minimum that is expected of the government to make amends to these derelictions.
In addition to the sickness many have contracted, the repercussions of the economic slowdown due to the pandemic in India have left scores of people without a means of livelihood. If the government aims to rehabilitate the general population and help them get back on their feet, the first step would be to ensure free vaccination for all its citizens.
“Mental health…is not a destination, but a process. It’s about how you drive, not where you’re going.” – Noam Shpancer, PhD
The coronavirus pandemic has affected all of us in one way or the other. This pandemic is not just about a viral infection or a disease phenomenon but has caused people to suffer from serious mental health issues like anxiety, stress, stigma, and xenophobia. This widespread COVID-19 resulted in the enforcement of regional lockdowns, social distancing, closure of educational institutions, workplaces, entertainment venues, etc. all this led to one thing which is isolation. Isolation in turn causes anxiety and stress.
Unfortunately, how this pandemic affects one’s mental health has not been studied at length. At the moment, all the focus is on understanding the epidemiology, clinical features, and ways of transmission.
Stress does not only cause anxiety, sadness, or a feeling of frustration but, is known to cause a lot more like fear, anger, and even numbness. Stress can lead to a change in appetite patterns, lack of and interest, difficulty in concentrating and making decisions, difficulty in sleeping, nightmares, and physical reactions such as headaches, body pains, stomach problems, and even skin rashes.
The use of substances like tobacco, alcohol, and others is also observed.
People who are in quarantine or self-isolation suffer more from such issues of mental health. A review published in The Lancet said that separation from loved ones, loss of freedom, boredom, and uncertainty can cause a deterioration in an individual’s mental health status.
Stigmatization
Pandemic is known to bring about stigmatization which affects individuals, authority figures, and health care professionals, etc. People who are released from quarantine, doctors, nurses, hospital staff, and people of Asian descent especially Chinese can experience stigmatization and xenophobia. They could be made to feel differently about themselves when they returned fully recovered and experience a different welcome by society or even by their family members. There have been cases when people come home fully recovered and the members of the family exercise social distancing from them because of the nature of transmission of this viral infection.
Such people may develop sadness, anger, or frustration because of the constant isolation and the fear that other people hold against them that they may contract the infection from them even though they have been determined not to be contagious. This situation results in a lot of stress and panic.
Ways to cope up with Stress
1. Take a break from watching, reading, or listening to news stories
Constantly listening to the increase or decrease in the number of cases, can be upsetting. You can disconnect him/herself from phone, tv, and newspapers in order to avoid stress. You can watch movies and read books.
2. Give attention to your body
Exercise and meditate regularly. Give your bodies adequate amounts of sleep and water.
Avoid excessive consumption of alcohol and tobacco.
3. Engage yourselves in different activities
Try to make time for activities that you enjoy like reading, singing, dancing. Such activities take your mind of the current situation and help you gain back your energy and interest.
4. Connect with people
Talk to people you trust about your worries and concern. Share your feelings.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 outbreak has created fear in society. We must ensure help people around us and be civil, courteous, and rational towards those who have recovered and the front-line workers. We should try to communicate with people and should offer our full support that we all are in this together.
The European Union on Wednesday threatened the UK with retaliatory action if it refuses to implement post-Brexit trading arrangements in Northern Ireland, after talks to solve the simmering row broke up without agreement.
Visiting European Commission vice president Maros Sefcovic said Brussels’ patience with London was “wearing thin” over its failure to enforce checks on goods heading to the province from mainland Britain.
“Today I can say we are at a crossroads in our relationship with the UK. Trust, which should be at the heart of all relationships, needs to be restored,” he told a news conference in London.
There were “numerous and fundamental gaps” in Britain’s compliance with the agreement, he added.
“If the UK were to take further unilateral action in the coming weeks, we will not be shy in reacting swiftly, firmly and resolutely.”
Asked what form that might take, he said it could include legal action, arbitration or other retaliatory measures, including targeted tariffs.
That has prompted talk of a potential “sausage war” on the UK side of the Channel, with a grace period on shipping chilled meat products to Northern Ireland set to end this month — and the UK threatening to extend it.
But Sefcovic insisted: “We don’t want this to happen… It’s not too late. Let’s correct the path.”
A senior UK official close to the talks also stressed that “nobody wants to get into a trade war or anything close to it,” and denied the UK had breached the agreement, saying it had been “designed to give quite wide margins to respond to events”.- ‘Frank and honest’ –
London and Brussels signed a last-gasp trade deal in December, nearly four years after the landmark Brexit referendum and just weeks before Britain left the European single market and customs union.
The two sides negotiated a separate deal for Northern Ireland, which has the UK’s only land border with the EU, to prevent unchecked goods entering the single market.
But the port checks on deliveries heading into Northern Ireland from mainland Great Britain — England, Scotland and Wales — have caused consternation among Northern Irish unionists, who say this changes their place in the wider UK.
Checks had to be suspended earlier this year because of threats to port staff, and the protocol was blamed for the worst violence in years in the British-run province.
An increase in paperwork for goods heading from mainland Britain to Northern Ireland has caused delays, and in some instances shortages in shops.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson told parliament the issue was about protecting the country’s territorial and economic integrity.
“What we are doing is prioritising the right and ability of the people of Northern Ireland to have access, as they should, freely and uninterruptedly, to goods and services from the whole of the UK,” he added.
UK Brexit minister David Frost for his part characterised the three-and-a-half hours of discussions as “frank and honest”, saying the dialogue had not broken down and more meetings were planned.
But he called for the EU to be more flexible to address the issue in Northern Ireland pragmatically, given the province’s fragile peace
Lokpal, yes it’s the same forgotten institution that led to fall of the UPA In 2014. The word which let one of the biggest movements of India and leaders like Anna Hazare, Kejriwal, the present Chief Minister of Delhi amongst many others shone bright. Due to popular support it was finally passed in 2013. The Lokpal and Lokayuktas act, 2013 was the beacon of hope against corruption. After a long wait of many years, several debates and failed bills, the moment of victory of justice was here.
Image Source: mynation.com
Though the act was passed, it remained on paper for the about five months. The argument for the dawdle was given as delay in appointments of chairperson and members of Lokpal. Since no one could be recognised as leader of opposition after 2014 general election, the committee responsible for selecting members of Lokpal could not be formed. However in March 2019 chairman of the commission was appointed by the president on recommendation of a four member selection committee the devoid of leader of the opposition. Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose became the first chairman of the ombudsman. Further, the centre refused to disclose the deliberations of selection committees meetings. Central information Commission has taking account of the fact and this investigating the matter upon appeal by Ms. Bharadwaj who filed an RTI request. The information Commission gave its decision after two years. department of personnel and training stated that the minutes of the selection committee was confidential and henceforth was exempted under Section 8 of the RTI act. Ms. Bharadwaj Countered the argument sing that the larger public has a right to know about the basis on which their Lokpal or Lokayukta was selected. Finally in February, 2021 the final verdict was in favour of the centre. The verdict was substantiated by citing Supreme Court decision on local search committee and committees for selecting information commissioners.
The latest update about Lokpal has raised many ears. After 2 long years, anti-corruption ombudsman submitted its first annual report to the President. As per the report, Lokpal received 110 corruption complaints. Among them 4 were against remember yourself parliament in the year 2020 -21. 1,427 complaints were reported in 2019-20.
Back to basics: overview of Lokpal
First recommended by administrative reforms commission of India (1966-1970) inspired by Scandinavian countries and New Zealand. It is notable that the commission kept judiciary outside the view of Lokpal and Lokayukta
More than 10 official attempts were made before the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act was passed in 2013
Few States had established Lokayukta even before the act was passed like Odisha, Maharashtra, Rajasthan etc. composition -Chairperson and 8 members in which 4 should be Judicial members (50% members from SCs, STs, OBCs, minorities and women) Appointed by President on recommendation of a selection committee
Members of selection committee for selection of Chairperson-
Prime Minister
Speaker of Lok Sabha
Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha
Chief Justice of India
Eminent jurist nominated by President of India on the basis of recommendation of first four members of the selection committee
Search committee to help selection committee – 50% members from SCs, STs, OBCs, minorities and women
Jurisdiction extends to group A, group B, group c and group D officers and employees of government, institutions fund partially or fully by government (excluding government aided agencies), entities receiving donations from foreign source in the context of the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) in excess of Rs. 10 Lakhs per year . Prime Minister is also under its purview.
Power of superintendence and direction over investigation agencies (like Central Bureau of Investigation)
Well defined time periods for preliminary enquiry (3 months extendable by 3 months), investigation (6 months extendable by 6 months) and trial (1 month extendable by 1 year)
Lokayukta should be set up by state governments within a year from the date of commencement of the act.
The watchdog agency is an important organ for a corruption free democracy. There are a few drawbacks regarding the transparency of procedure while dealing with cases related to Prime Minister. In addition, anonymous complaints are not allowed. This threatens the privacy of whistleblowers who file complaints against powerful people. Also there is a heavy penalty for false complaints which can deter people. There are some flaws which should be repaired. The transparency in selection of Chairman of Lokpal is being questioned. The Lokpal movement might be getting a new lease of life after it faded away in 2014. The organisation was made for the people of India and hence it belongs to the people. Every fact related to it should be put to display for public. This will be the mantra of creating a strong and trustworthy Lokpal.
Fashion is a way of expressing ourselves. It is very popular and in the style of clothing, footwear, makeup, hairstyle, and accessories. Having current fashion trends in our wardrobe will make us outstanding in a particular place. It doesn’t matter who we are and what we do but expressing ourselves in better clothing is important. Dressing normally will make your life boring trying the current fashion trends will help you to explore yourself and you will be amazed by the results.
Scope in Fashion
Many fashion influencers are emerging nowadays and starting a career in fashion will help you to be financially stable. There are many fashion institutes in India. National Institute of Fashion Technology ranks the first among them. It has many branches in India.
The best female fashion designers of the 20th century are
1. Jeanne Lanvin (1867-1946)
2. Jeanne Paquin (1869–1936)
3. Coco Chanel (1883-1971)
4. Elsa Schiaparelli (1890-1973)
5. Claire McCardell (1905-1958)
6. Dame Barbara Mary Quant (1934)
7. Dame Vivienne Isabel Westwood (1941)
8. Rei Kawakubo (1942)
These people ruled the 20th century with their fashion trends and emerged as the top 10 fashion designers in the world.
Need for Fashion
Dressing up will give you the kind of confidence, boldness, and audacity. Following the latest fashion trends on the internet has become most popular nowadays. Fashion trends are everywhere and you are supposed to decide the right ones for yourselves. There are different types of fashion culture and it ranges from country to country. Fashion is important because it helps us to follow history and if we look back at the trends used 10 years back you will get a better outlook on how it changed from 10 years back.
Clothing is an important aspect of human life. Many hot brands emerge nowadays. Even online shopping sites like Myntra and Flipkart have become fashion icons. It helps you to find the latest fashion trends when you browse.
Fashion trends in the 1980s, 1990s, 2000, 2010, and 2020
In the 1980s
The clothes included in the 1980s for women were high-waisted jeans, leg warmers, ripped denim, spandex and lycra, acid-washed jeans, statement shoulder business suits, punk leather items, and leotards.
Talking about accessories it included scrunchies, leg warmers, fingerless gloves, plastic bangles, large funky earrings in neon shades, and pearl bracelets.
In the 1990s
Speaking about the 1990s trends it included glamour wear, miniskirts, knee socks associated with the schoolgirl look, tight pants, slip dresses, turtle neck sweaters, capri pants, high-waisted trousers, and cardigans.
Choker necklaces were the coolest during those times. Thick hair bands, Tic-Tac hair clips, and Retro sunshades were also used.
In the 2000s
These things were so trending in the 2000s. They are Tracksuits, Scarf headbands. Taylor Swift’s side bun became more famous during these times. Her hairdo on many red carpets was inspired in awe.
Denim became so popular like denim jackets, embroidered denim, denim vest. Most people wore embroidered shorts. Denim dungarees became so famous. You could’ve even seen it in movies if you are a 2k kid.
Speaking about the accessories locket chains, and casual high-heeled shoes were trending at that time.
In the 2010s
These were the time’s leggings and skinny jeans became more famous. Skinny-fit jeans are even in trend nowadays. I still remember how cold shoulders came to market. I am a big fan of cold shoulders. Many different kinds of sleeves emerged like bell sleeves, ruffle sleeves, and ankle bell sleeves. I used to have at least one pair of dresses in these different sleeves. Collecting different sleeves is like a hobby to me.
If you think of accessories loafers and novelty handbags were used by people and they are still in trend.
In the 2020s
Okay, what’s the first thing that comes to your mind when we speak about the 2020s trend. Of course, masks, right? Masks became so trending in 2020. Whenever we go out, we used to carry at least 2-4 masks with us. Some fashionable face masks are also introduced. Like masks with scarves.
Many brands are providing masks along with their apparel to attract customers. due to lockdown, people faced severe losses. So, they are coping with their losses by introducing new marketing strategies in their business.
Top 10 fashion designers in India
1. Manish Malhotra
2. Masaba Gupta
3. Tarun Tahiliani
4. Ritu Kumar
5. Sabyasachi Mukherji
6. Rohit Bal
7. Manish Arora
8. Neeta Lulla
9. Ritu Beri
10. Anita Dongre
Why Manish Malhotra is famous?
Manish Malhotra is the fashion icon of India. Manish Malhotra is famous for his works in costume designing and styling in Bollywood, Hollywood, Tamil, and Telugu cinemas. He has worked on more than 500 films. He is been in this industry for 14 years and has achieved many successes and awards for his impeccable and curated craftwork and styling.
How to keep ourselves updated with the latest fashion trends?
If you are a fashion lover and love to explore trends then these are the things you should keep in mind. With many fashion trends changing day by day keeping an update on them is very important.
1. Watch fashion shows and read fashion magazines
New York fashion week is perfect to start with. It involves many designers and celebrities and you can get a gist about the latest trends. Vogue is the number one fashion magazine and you can find many latest trends and ideas on how to implement them.
2. Celebrity style
you can keep an eye out for celebrity style. Many YouTube videos will showcase the latest celebrity trends in the industry.
3. Browse on the internet
Internet is the best solution for everything. You can get the latest updates, style icons, latest designers, and costume updates.
Fashion icon
It is an ever-changing industry with each day new fashion trends popping up. You can get updates on social media to know the latest fashion icons.
“In difficult times, fashion is outrageous”
– Elsa Schiaparelli
You’re never sexier than when you’re comfortable in your clothes”
The Supreme Court was worried about the role of private hospitals in COVID-19 vaccination, saying whether they would prefer profit over public health. The court’s anxiety is real and present as Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s speech on Monday revealed that private hospitals would retain their capacity to buy 25% of vaccine stock from the manufacturers.The court had advised the government to maintain a strict vigil over private hospitals in a May 31 order. It had raised an apprehension that private hospitals would sell the vaccines they procure at higher prices unless they were “regulated stringently”. It had reminded the government that private hospitals, though they provide public health service, have profit at the core of their existence.
A Bench of Justices D.Y. Chandrachud, L. Nageswara Rao and S. Ravindra Bhat said, “Further consequences of vaccination by private hospitals under the liberalised vaccination policy relate to a simple issue at the core of their existence: that while they provide a public health service, they still remain private, for profit entities. Consequently, they may sell the vaccine doses procured at a higher price, unless regulated stringently.The court was also worried about transparency. “Private hospitals also may not sell all their vaccine doses publicly through appointments on CoWIN, but rather sell them for lucrative deals directly to private corporations who wish to vaccinate their employees it said.Access to private hospital to those who live in small cities and villages, have limited access to private hospitals. “Private hospitals are not equally spread out across and are often limited to bigger cities with large populations. As such, a larger quantity will be available in such cities, as opposed to the rural areas it However, the court clarified that it was not against private hospitals playing a role in the vaccination drive. It accepted the Centre’s point that they would reduce the burden on government facilities.The Centre was providing private hospitals with vaccines in the inoculation of those above 45 years of age. These hospitals were in turn allowed to charge patients a nominal fee .The Prime Minister said private hospitals could only charge up to ₹150 as service charge over the cost of the vaccine.In its May 31 order, the court wanted the Union to detail the “manner in which Central Government will monitor the disbursal of vaccines to private hospitals, specifically those who have hospital chains pan India”.
In 1975, famous filmmaker Satyajit Ray made this documentary which tells us about the landscape, culture and monuments of Sikkim. Nothing appears to be controversial with this as most states use such documentaries to promote tourism. But on the contrary this documentary was banned for almost forty years.
Another such example is a book written by Sunanda K Datta Ray, ‘Smash & Grab’ about the annexation of Sikkim. Unlike the documentary, the book wasn’t completely banned but a defamation case was filed against it and its publication was suppressed.
The story of Sikkim
Sikkim has remained a Buddhist dominated region since centuries. It was formed in the year 1642 when Chogyal Phuntsog Namgyal was made Sikkim’s ruler by the three great lamas. The state remained independent for almost five hundred years.
Britishers came to Sikkim in the eighteenth century and were in good terms. As a consequence of events Sikkim signed a treaty with Britishers in 1817 according to which Sikkim accepted British superiority with some independence and protection. With this Darjeeling, which was a part of the Sikkim kingdom was taken up by British.
After Independence
Till 1947 the relationship between British and Sikkim remained unchanged. Thus when India got independence the relationship of Sikkim with India wasn’t clear. The monarch of Sikkim denied to become a part of the Indian union and thus India gave it a special status under the India and Sikkim treaty of 1950. This treaty was opposed by major leaders like BN Rao and Sardar Patel. Under this treaty Sikkim entertained much independence but India was responsible for its security and India had the right to station its armed forces in Sikkim.
After the 1962 India-China war and the 1965 India-Pakistan war, the monarch of Sikkim started to demand more internal and external autonomy. The reason was the increased Indian-military presence in Sikkim post both the wars which made the monarch nervous. These demands further increased when the crown prince Palden Thondup Namgyal became the Chogyal(king) and the monarch started to demand autonomy in trade and defence.
But the chances of these demands being fulfilled declined when Indira Gandhi was elected as the Prime Minister of India. She believed in respecting the wishes of the majority population of Sikkim who wanted merger with India.
Sikkim was resided by Lepchas, Bhutias and Limbus originally. But as a result of population shift in the British era Nepalis migrated to Sikkim became the majority towards the early twentieth century. The majority Nepalese population were labors whereas the monarch made decisions in favor of the elites hence while the monarch wished to keep Sikkim independent, the majority population led by the opposition leader Tashi Tshering and other like minded political parties wanted to abolish the monarch, introduce land reforms and instill democracy by merging with India.
Execution of the Plan
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi showed concerns about the increasing demands of Chogyal and called Rameshwar Nath Kao for a solution. He is the same person who set up RAW.
Another reason that made India upset with the monarch of Sikkim was Chogyal’s second wife Hope Cook. Her American passport gave her attention in the international media. And the monarch used this media to secure complete independence.
R N Kao along with two other diplomats GBS Sidhu and PN Banerjee made and executed a plan to merge Sikkim with India while maintaining that it was a natural consequence of people’s desire. The plan was such that protests for democracy by the opposition political parties would lead the Chogyal to seek help from India to instill law and order in the state and this would be a perfect chance for Sikkim’s merger with India. And this plan succeeded.
On 4 April 1973 protesters gathered outside the Chogyal palace and the protest suddenly got violent. The same year an agreement was signed by the Indian government, Chogyal and the political parties of Sikkim, and next year Kaazi Doorji was elected as the first chief minister of Sikkim. But Chogyal was still sovereign until 7 April 1975 when the Indian government put them under house arrest. Thirty-sixth amendment was introduced in the Indian constitution to facilitate merger with Sikkim and also conducted a referendum where the majority voted in favor to merge with India. And finally on 16 May 1975, Sikkim formally became the twenty-second state of India with the position of Chogyal being abolished.
Afterwards the royal family of Sikkim stayed away from active politics. The people of Sikkim have largely accepted Indian sovereignty. Tourism helped Sikkim’s economy to flourish and other social problems of the state such as discrimination against women are being dealt with under democratic rule.
The Indian government banned the documentary and other such decisions were taken to suppress the popularity of the monarch which shows that governments always try to control the narrative in their favor.
Listening is a Soft Skill that allows people to understand what others are conveying. However, listening skills is the toughest job, but it has the highest priority beyond other skills. Hearing is a physical process, but listening is both physical and psychological. There are several purposes for listening. If you are a good listener, it will be greatly helpful for your bright future. Another best benefit of being a good listener is expressing your information and communicating with others.
How to improve you listening skills ?
It is very important to evaluate your current listening skills, and you have to select areas that you can improve. Here are some suggestions that may help you to improve your listening skills:
> Pay attention and make eye contact with the speaker. > Respond appropriately. > Providing feedback. > Discussing questions in class. > Ask open-ended questions. > Request clarification. > Don’t interrupt. > Summarize the Data. > Pay attention to nonverbal cues. > Practice listening
Have you ever sat on the window sill or looked out of your balcony, with a cup of steaming hot tea while there are light showers in the city? The feeling is unbeatable especially with the earthy smell because of the rain. A minute of silence to those who haven’t experienced the feeling. The feeling of ecstasy goes over the roof if we have our favorite song playing in the background.
We always have that one song which, no matter where we hear it, takes us back to the specific memory associated with that song. Music has always played that role in our lives, to heal us, to soothe us, and to make us stand back up when we are down. It doesn’t matter which kind of music you listen, no matter who judge you for it, the feeling you get when you are immersing yourself in the out-of-world is what we need, especially when life doesn’t treat you right, or the world is in shambles, like right now.
It doesn’t matter if you like hardcore rock music, or just a simple violin or piano piece or a favorite song from a movie, it always has the potential to put you in a good mood. Many of might realize, the language doesn’t matter, it is the feeling that does.
There are people in the world who cannot sleep or cannot function without listening to music. Some might say it is just a sound, but for those who cherish it, that exact sound might be life-saving. It has been scientifically proven that the fetus in the womb responds to soothing music and it has been recommended to pregnant women to listen to relaxing music for healthy growth of the baby.
When we talk about music, there is a pretty common misconception that most of it is just played through guitar, piano, violin. There isn’t enough awareness about most of the bizarre instruments from different parts of the world. There are more than thousands of music instruments in the world, but what we are aware of is just a handful of it.
Music has been an integral part of human civilization since times unknown. When we think of tribal music, we think of a huge bonfire, people dancing around it and singing merrily. That is the beginning of the evolution of music.
For those beginners around there, there are many genres of music. For example, Classical, which is predominant in India as Carnatic music, Pop, Rock Music, Country music etc. The beautiful thing about music is that, there has been so much inspiration from part of world to another that the evolution has always been a good thing.
Seriously, there is no such thing as bad music if it is experienced by the correct person. The type of music you hate might be so dear to someone else. So, if you don’t like a particular genre of music, don’t listen to and don’t judge the person who listens to them. We all need to respect each other’s tastes and like music always does, heal everyone whenever you can.
Air is important for living things .Breathing is part of a process called respiration .,a living things take in oxygen from the air and gives out carbon dioxide .The process gives animals and plants the energy to eat,grow ,and live life
importance uses of air
* sustain life and growth
*combustion
*Maintain temperature
*supplier of emergy
*Photosynthesis
while the ocean contain most of the plantes water .water also exists as ice and water vapour .Air is important because it helps water move between these states in a proceess scoentisr call the water cycle .Heated by the sun surface water vapour into the air and becomes water vapour
All living things need air.Animals and plants would die without it .Air also holdsairplanes and kites above the ground ,and it is used to inflate tires and ballons air surrounds earth.
Air is pulled into the body by lungs and used to fill tiny air sacs that allow blood cells to pick up oxygen ,which is then distrubuted across the body cells .
This famous quote is by Sundar Pichai, the current CEO of Google. On his birthday, let’s take a look back at how he changed the face of Google.
Sundar was born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He completed his degree in metallurgical engineering from IIT Kharagpur and was seen as a distinguished alumni. He went ahead to do his MS in material sciences from Stanford University. He also hold an MBA degree from Wharton University.
Fast forward to 2004. when Sundar Pichai joined Google. He started working on Google’s search toolbar, where he led the product management. He soon got involved with various Google search products including Firefox, Desktop Search, Gadgets. Fun fact, the day Pichai joined Google, Gmail was also introduced to the world.
Whenever you want to browse something or want answers to literally any topic under the sun, most of us think this,’Let’s Google it’. Well, you can thank Pichai for this as well.
In 2008, Pichai was motivated to push the idea of Google having its own web browser and that’s how Chrome was born. He led the launch of Chrome and it went on to become the best web browser in the world, surpassing both Internet Explorer and Firefox. At the time of Chrome’s announcement Google made a 40 page comic explaining how Chrome worked. He was the pioneer of the Chrome Age.
Under Pichai’s direction, Chrome became more than just a browser. ChromeOS was launched for Chromebooks and Chromecast was introduced as a way to connect phones to TV’s. As per Fortune, Pichai pushed the company to enter the browser wars.
He is the man at the helm. In 2010, Pichai announced the open-sourcing of the new video codec VP8 by Google and introduced the new video format. WebM. In 2011, he was considered to be the head of product development at Twitter. However, he decided to stay with Google.
He introduced the concept of Android for everyone. After taking over the management of Android from the group’s founder, Andy Rubin in 2013, one of the major efforts he spearheaded was Android One. It was the company’s push to make low cost smartphones for the next 5 billion people coming online. Previously, the Android division worked separately under Rubin but Pichai brought it under Google again.
He was appointed CEO in 2015 for Google, as per reports in 2019, Alphabet’s revenue was up by 80%. Alphabet’s share prices have also soared up to 126% in 2020 since 2015 according to Yahoo finance. In 2019. Sundar Pichai’s CEO approval rating was 94% according to a top CEO index report.
In 2020, Sundar Pichai announced Google for India Digitization Fund with an effort to boost technological future of India and it’s digital economy. Google has planned to invest 75,000 crores into India over the next 5-7 years.
He has played a powerful role in the company, and for people all around the world. He is a shining example of how Indians equipped with right education and skills can accomplish anything in the world. We wish him a very happy birthday.
In some ways, I am an incurable romantic. I don’t care for realism in movies; I just want everyone to live happily ever after. I want the good guys to be noble and honorable, and the bad guys to see the error of their ways, becoming good guys themselves. I am easily moved to tears, especially over sweet things. I am grateful God made us to experience romantic love, and I enjoy the realities of romantic love in a God-ordained relationship. On the other hand, the huge emphasis of romantic love on Valentine’s Day always makes me think of how incomplete this form of love really is.
We are told this love is of God. This is how He loves us, and how He calls us to love others. This kind of love is not normal or natural. In fact, it is supernatural. Romance is sweet and fun, but this fullness of love is what we long for and were created for. It is much better than romance alone. This love provides a context for romantic love to be given in its fullest expression, and to be experienced in the most complete way. True love originates in God and will ultimately glorify God. It is far better than roses, or chocolate, or even the best jewelry. So, when Valentine’s Day comes, give the card, send flowers, and share candy, but don’t forget to give TRUE LOVE.
FADELESS LOVE :
Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails.
Love encompasses a range of strong and positive emotional and mental states, from the most sublime virtue or good habit, the deepest interpersonal affection, to the simplest pleasure.
EXAMPLE OF LOVE :
the love of a mother differs from the love of a spouse, which differs from the love of food. Most commonly, love refers to a feeling of strong attraction and emotional attachment.
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam(About this sound listen); 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India’s civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India’s Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.A. P. J. Abdul KalamA. P. J. Abdul Kalam.jpgOfficial portrait, 200211th President of India In office 25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded byK. R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Born Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam 15 October 1931Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India(present-day Tamil Nadu, India)Died 27 July 2015 (aged 83)Shillong, Meghalaya, India Resting place Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Desiya Ninai vagam, Pei Karumbu, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli (BEng)Madras Institute of Technology (MEng) Profession Aerospace Scientist Author Awards Full list Notable work(s)Wings of Fire, India 2020, Ignited Minds, Indomitable Spirit, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji Signature Website Official Website Scientific career Fields Aerospace Engineering Institutions Defence Research and Development Organisation Indian Space Research Organisation Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the “People’s President”,he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour.While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.
The Indian Premier League, also known as IPL was started in the date 9th April 2021. At the same time the corona virus also took the strength back slowly. The Indian Premier League Governing Council (IPL GC) and Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) had an emergency meeting has unanimously decided to postpone IPL 2021 season, with immediate effect. The corona virus is spreading all over the world but in India it is high so they took this decision. It was spreading in India in a heavy speed within that IPL has finished 29 matches. There were many effects in this corona virus because many are affected and died in this time they are keeping some things raised, and also many players also affected by virus. Then this corona virus took speed before this IPL match they also kept election for 5 states. They must not keep election during this pandemic that to this virus will spread in air knowing all the election was held. There were no rules followed said by Government no one cared about it so the level has risen. The people are affected so much and some have died there is no place to bury. To sought out this problem they declared lockdown because of this many daily wage people and smallest working to all the working men and women are affected. To help the people who are working for less wages and those who don’t have food government is giving rupees 2000 to support the family. The people survive with this amount as per the full lockdown death rate and affected people rate is low but necessary things rate is high. Every people cannot buy all things needed to recover from this state it at least takes few months because all should earn. This IPL match give all people a relaxation because all are disturbed in each and every all need is relaxation. All people in India will watch this game interestingly as a family. In a stadium with people it is the wish of all of the people. It will be a great stress buster and all people can enjoy this match. All people after their terrible trouble of life now the virus speed is slow but the researchers found that there is another type of virus which speed is heavier than this beta and delta. Eventhough no one is caring about the virus all are thinking it will come to them because they are stronger. We cannot judge anything we may think we are stronger and we have immunity an all because some people are having immunity but are affected. In India they have stopped playing cricket matches because some players are affected by corona virus. So the council, sponers etc had a meeting. In that meeting they discussed where and when the rest of the matches should be held. As per the decision the rest of the matches are going to happen from September month all people are so excited. All are excitingly waiting when will the match will took place within that time this corona pandemic situation also will reduce.
The Indian Premier League, also known as IPL was started in the date 9th April 2021. At the same time the corona virus also took the strength back slowly. The Indian Premier League Governing Council (IPL GC) and Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) had an emergency meeting has unanimously decided to postpone IPL 2021 season, with immediate effect. The corona virus is spreading all over the world but in India it is high so they took this decision. It was spreading in India in a heavy speed within that IPL has finished 29 matches. There were many effects in this corona virus because many are affected and died in this time they are keeping some things raised, and also many players also affected by virus. Then this corona virus took speed before this IPL match they also kept election for 5 states. They must not keep election during this pandemic that to this virus will spread in air knowing all the election was held. There were no rules followed said by Government no one cared about it so the level has risen. The people are affected so much and some have died there is no place to bury. To sought out this problem they declared lockdown because of this many daily wage people and smallest working to all the working men and women are affected. To help the people who are working for less wages and those who don’t have food government is giving rupees 2000 to support the family. The people survive with this amount as per the full lockdown death rate and affected people rate is low but necessary things rate is high. Every people cannot buy all things needed to recover from this state it at least takes few months because all should earn. This IPL match give all people a relaxation because all are disturbed in each and every all need is relaxation. All people in India will watch this game interestingly as a family. In a stadium with people it is the wish of all of the people. It will be a great stress buster and all people can enjoy this match. All people after their terrible trouble of life now the virus speed is slow but the researchers found that there is another type of virus which speed is heavier than this beta and delta. Eventhough no one is caring about the virus all are thinking it will come to them because they are stronger. We cannot judge anything we may think we are stronger and we have immunity an all because some people are having immunity but are affected. In India they have stopped playing cricket matches because some players are affected by corona virus. So the council, sponers etc had a meeting. In that meeting they discussed where and when the rest of the matches should be held. As per the decision the rest of the matches are going to happen from September month all people are so excited. All are excitingly waiting when will the match will took place within that time this corona pandemic situation also will reduce.
The silent killer that takes lives without warning, punishment, or any sympathy; depression is truly one of the most prominent mental illnesses in the world. Depression is defined as a mental illness inducing a severe and staunch feeling of sadness. The term depressed is coined in English as a temporary sadness that everyone experiences in their life. Despite that depression is more active in women, it is still one of the most common mental illnesses in the world. It affects anybody, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic standing. Regardless of all these facts, surprisingly little is known about depression, however, scientists have been able to hypothesize major causes, effects, and treatments for the disability.
The things that help the most are the things that are the most difficult to do. There is a big difference, however, between something that’s difficult and something that’s impossible. While recovering from depression isn’t quick or easy, you do have more control than you realize—even if your depression is severe and stubbornly persistent. The key is to start small and build from there. You may not have much energy, but by drawing on all your reserves, you should have enough to take a walk around the block or pick up the phone to call a loved one, for example.
Taking the first step is always the hardest. But going for a walk or getting up and dancing to your favorite music, for example, is something you can do right now. And it can substantially boost your mood and energy for several hours—long enough to put a second recovery step into action, such as preparing a mood-boosting meal or arranging to meet an old friend. By taking the following small but positive steps day by day, you’ll soon lift the heavy fog of depression and find yourself feeling happier, healthier, and more hopeful again.
Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution.
Its paradigmatic ethnographic example is the division of India’s Hindu society into rigid social groups, with roots in India’s ancient history and persisting to the present time.
However, the economic significance of the caste system in India has been declining as a result of urbanization and affirmative action programs. A subject of much scholarship by sociologists and anthropologists, the Hindu caste system is sometimes used as an analogical basis for the study of caste-like social divisions existing outside Hinduism and India. The term “caste” is also applied to morphological groupings in female populations of ants and bees.
Caste, any of the ranked, hereditary, endogamous social groups, often linked with occupation, that together constitute traditional societies in South Asia, particularly among Hindus in India. Although sometimes used to designate similar groups in other societies, the “caste system” is uniquely developed in Hindu societies.
BIRTH OF CASTE SYSTEM :
This is the debatable issue and each one has different theories regarding the establishment of the caste system in India. Manusmriti is one of the oldest legal books of Hindu law. As per the religious theory, the caste system originated from Brahma, and further, the caste system is divided into four categories that are Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya’s, and Sudras.
VARNAS :
It is essential to distinguish between large-scale and small-scale views of caste society, which may respectively be said to represent theory and practice, or ideology and the existing social reality. On the large scale, contemporary students of Hindu society recall an ancient fourfold arrangement of socioeconomic categories called the varnas, which is traced back to an oral tradition preserved in the Rigveda (dating perhaps from between 1500 and 1200 BCE). The Sanskrit word varna has many connotations, including colour, description, selection, and classification.
In the varna framework, the Brahmans have everything, directly or indirectly: “noble” identity, “twice-born” status, sacerdotal authority, and dominion over the Vaishyas and the Shudras, who accounted for the great majority of the people. This is not surprising, for the ancient Brahmans were the authors of the ideology. The four varnas, together with the notional division of the individual life cycle into four stages, or ashramas (brahmacharya, the years of learning and extreme discipline; garhasthya, householdership; vanaprastha, retirement; and sannyasa, renunciation of all worldly bonds) may at best be considered an archetypical blueprint for the good, moral life. Indeed, the Hindu way of life is traditionally called the varnashrama dharma (duties of the stages of life for one’s varna). The varna order remains relevant to the understanding of the system of jatis, as it provides the ideological setting for the patterns of interaction that are continuously under negotiation.
JATI GROUP :
Jati, also spelled jat, caste, in Hindu society. The term is derived from the Sanskrit jata, “born” or “brought into existence,” and indicates a form of existence determined by birth. In Indian philosophy, jati (genus) describes any group of things that have generic characteristics in common.
CONCLUSION OF CASTE SYSTEM :
The caste system had a great affect on the Indian society. All of India’s people played a role in their society and had certain jobs. The former caste members are now more tolerant of other castes and sub-castes‘ people, and the divisions in the society are gradually diminishing.
India has a long history of superstitions. There are many superstitions which people in this country follow. When someone sneezes during the time of departure, people consider it unlucky.
Similarly, when you hear long mewing of a cat, people consider it a bad omen. Alternatively, offering curd before the start of any journey is auspicious. A group which follows superstitions a lot are students appearing for an examination.
Weeks before exams, the visit to temples starts to grow. Some of the students also get a taveez with a lucky stone to help them out. Further, some students place their stationery for the exam in the prayer room.
Most common superstitions include not cutting nails at night, not using the broom after sunset, not opening the scissors without cutting anything, not looking at oneself in a broken mirror and many more.
Even some political leaders in India believe in superstitions. For instance, they wait for an auspicious day to file their nomination or take an oath. In other words, even in the highest places, people do follow superstitions.
Origin of Superstitions :
The man started to believe in superstitions when he got a feeling that humans are at the mercy of natural elements. Similarly, some superstitions were also created because of social values. As a result, people worship forces of nature for a long time.
The Greeks and Pagans used to worship elements of nature in the form of Gods and Goddesses. Same is the case with Indian tradition. People continue to worship the sun, moon, stars, planets, plants and more believing these things have the power to influence our lives.
You might have heard ‘it is because of the impact of some evil star’ and more when a disease overtakes or disaster strikes. Even the people in the West have been believing in them. You will find instances in Shakespeare’s plays where he includes things like omens, witches and more.
In fact, ever since a long time till date, people still consider the number 13 to be unlucky. Similarly, salt spilling over the dinner table is also an ill-omen. In India, people consider the black cat crossing the way to be unlucky. Similar is the case of an owl hooting or a dog wailing.
EXTRACTS OF SUPERSTITION :
As a result of these notions numerous godmen ministers, alleged stargazers, palmists and mediums are having thundering business. The simple and eccentric individuals crowd their shops and enthusiastically get hoodwinked. Strange notions have different structures and signs. At certain spots it tends to be found in the love of snakes, creatures, trees and the act of witch makes. At others it is seen as creature and human penances. Here and there an odd individual doesn’t stop for a second even in forfeiting his own child or little girl to appease a divine being or goddess. There is no restriction a. odd individual can go as far as. Quite a bit of dogmatism and zeal have their foundations in our notions. Commonly a lady is scorched alive as a witch or sorceress. It helps us to remember Jaon of Arc of France who was singed to death since she was viewed as a witch by the attacking English armed force.
In numerous towns and towns there are houses, places, trees and sinkholes accepted to be spooky by apparitions. The cemeteries should be regularly visited by these spirits, and ought to accordingly be kept away from, around evening time and at odd hours. On the off chance that anyone dares to go there at odd hours, the individual will undoubtedly be moved by the underhanded spirits. The lone cure accessible is soundness and logical temper. The more the information dependent on realities, the lesser the shades of malice of strange notions. We should kill obliviousness, dread of the obscure, the thoughts of presence of abhorrent spirits through scattering of logical information and edification to uncover odd notions from our psyches.
In India there are numerous notions. Convictions in phantoms, witches, signs, spirits, age old spoiled traditions and customs are to be discovered wherever in India. For a great many individuals in India odd notions are synominous with religion since they are frail leaning and objectively not created. They are survivors of the notions and unreasonable spoiled beliefs in the pretense of religion, customs and ceremonies. In the no so distant past little pox was considered as the consequence of the rage of a goddess. Still in numerous towns and towns the goddess Shitala is venerated as the creator of little pox. Essentially, sniffling toward the beginning of a work or a movement is considered as an insidious omen. The intersection of a feline while you are going for some work is additionally viewed as similarly unpropitious. In such an occasion it is assumed that the work makes certain to end in disappointment. The yelping of a canine, the crying of a feline, the yelling of a jackal and broying of an ass are additionally taken as unpropitious. Yet, a man or lady, with a pitcher loaded with water, crossing your direction, a sweeper clearing the street before you, are viewed as favorable.
There are sure days and hours which are promising. Individuals of India have set convictions and need to perform work appropriately. They counsel a celestial prophet or a cleric for a propitious development to begin a significant work or an excursion. The time and date of a marriage, initiation, establishment laying of a house, beginning of a business, and so on, are fixed by the places of the planets and stars. There are sure foreboding days and months when nothing but bad and significant work can be embraced.
CONCLUSION :
If we look at it closely, there is no logic as such behind the beliefs in superstitions. However, they have grown age-old and despite all the scientific advancement, they are not going anywhere soon. However, it is better to subject ourselves less to them otherwise each moment of our life will be on the edge.
While artists work from real to the abstract, architects must work from the abstract to the real. Architecture, beneath all its limitations of engineering, safety, function, climate and economy, arouse us with designs in space and light achieved in the abstract.
Architecture is a passion, a vocation, a calling — as well as a science and a business. It has been described as a social art and also an artful science. Architecture must be of the highest quality of design. Architecture provides, in the words of Marcus Vitruvius, the great Roman architect and historian, “firmness, commodity and delight.
Architecture has the ability to materially affect outcomes: it can affect the way we relate to each other, increase business productivity, support communities and neighbourhoods, improve health, and even decrease crime.
Architecture is everywhere. Each and every building: home, school, office, hospital and supermarket were designed for their particular purpose. It is of vital importance that these buildings, and in turn the environments they form and the neighbourhoods and cities they are a part of, are designed to be the best possible buildings for their specific context, use and the people who use them.
Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and other physical structures. A wider definition often includes the design of the total built environment from the macro level of town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the micro level of construction details and, sometimes, furniture. The term “Architecture” is also used for the profession of providing architectural services.
BUILDING VS BUYING A HOUSE – WHICH ONE IS A BETTER OPTION?
Everybody wishes for a private place where they can loosen up and enjoy a happy life. One of the most contentious issues in the real estate market is whether to build our own home or buy one that is already built.
Each alternative has its own collection of benefits and drawbacks. We’ll go through all of these advantages and disadvantages in this article so you can make an educated decision about your home.
BUILDING A HOUSE
Building a home necessitates beginning from the ground up. You just have a small plot of land to work with. Starting the foundation of your home can be a thrilling experience, particularly for those who have always desired their own dream home.
It’s also a great choice for those with a vivid imagination who want to create something themselves.
However, there are some advantages and disadvantages to building a home.
ADVANTAGES OF BUILDING A HOUSE
There are many benefits to constructing a home. Among the benefits are the following:
The demand for readymade homes is extremely high, especially for high-ranking properties. On the other hand, when you build your home, the rivalry steadily diminishes.
Customization is one of the most appealing aspects of home construction. You can customize the design of the house to your taste and preference, unlike ready-made houses. You can easily customize the architecture, interior, paints, fixtures, and the house’s theme, as well as the lights and the garden.
For example, since many ready-made houses do not come with a basement, building your own house gives you the freedom to build one.
The most recent building standards are used in new homes. When people build their own homes, they strive to make them as modern and functional as possible. As a result, it’s fair to assume that newer homes are more energy efficient and secure. People are now installing the most up-to-date smart devices in order to make their homes more secure and effective. These features are not present in older homes.
You won’t have to worry about repair and maintenance costs for a few years after you build a house. A leaking roof, a faulty heating system, or a clogged drainage system aren’t causes for concern. There are a plethora of construction companies that provide high-quality construction services at a fair price.
DISADVANTAGES OF BUILDING A HOUSE
Aside from the numerous advantages, building a home is a very complicated operation. In short, there are disadvantages to building a home as well.
A house takes between seven to eight months to build minimum. As a result, if you need a place to live right away, building a house might not be an option.
According to statistics, building a home is more expensive than purchasing one. When building a home, it’s easy to overspend on items you don’t need. For example, costly tiles or a filthy kitchen. All of these factors add up to make building more costly. To summaries, constructing a home is a difficult activity.
When buying a home, there’s a good chance you’ll have to negotiate the price. This is not the case when constructing a home. Since there is no third party involved, you are unable to compromise and reduce the total cost of the land.
BUYING AN EXISTING HOUSE
Is it really money well spent of your hard-earned cash to buy a home?
ADVANTAGES OF BUYING A HOUSE
Buying a house has a number of advantages, the most prominent of which is that it is much cheaper than constructing it from the ground up. When building a house, you must first purchase land and then choose a home design, among other things. You’ll have to think about every last detail of the building. When you buy a home, however, all of these things have already been taken care of for you.
Consider purchasing a house if you don’t want to spend countless hours worrying about its design. It takes less time and is less exhausting. You can choose an already built house if you are a busy person who does not have time to supervise the building.
When purchasing a home, you have a good chance of negotiating a lower price. If you aren’t a natural negotiator, hire a professional real estate agent to assist you in getting the best deal possible.
If you need a place to live right away, purchasing a house is a viable choice. People typically move into their new home within a month of purchasing it.
Buying a house is more cost-effective and budget-friendly, according to statistics. When you buy a home, you save a lot of money because you don’t have to pay for items like raw materials, an architect’s fee, and so on. You can also easily upgrade your home based on your budget and preferences.
DISADVANTAGES OF BUILDING A HOUSE
Building a house is simple and stress-free, but it does have some disadvantages, such as the possibility of having to deal with maintenance problems, as old houses are prone to leaks and other problems. However, you should always seek the advice of a licensed home inspector when it comes to maintaining your home. They will find the problems and save you a lot of money.
Yes, you can improve the building, but you won’t be able to dramatically alter it. As a result, your renovation choices are limited.
The house does not have the most up-to-date features and technology, such as security systems and energy-saving systems, to help you save money on your utility bills.
So, these are some of the most important considerations to make when constructing or purchasing a home. In the end, the decision is purely based on your personal preferences and financial situation.
To maintain a healthy lifestyle, everyone must do some daily exercises. A daily habit of exercising strengthens the muscles of the body and enables the human body to perform the daily tasks effectively. Daily small physical activities normalize the heart rate and boost the metabolism rate in the body which is compulsory for the maintenance of health. Moreover, the habit of exercise in daily routine ensures the smooth flow of the blood in the whole body, helps in digestion and lubricates the joints. Therefore, fitness and well-being are dependent on daily physical activities. Some of the important daily exercises are highlighted here.
WALK-OUT PUSH-UP
This exercise accelerates the heart rate by the integration of multiple planes of movement. To perform this exercise, one has to stand straight, stretch the hands straight in the air and start bending slowly. Keep bending the body until the hands touch the floor. Afterward, one has to move his body in a forward position until the body gets parallel to the floor. It will be the right position to start the pushups. Do a set of pushups and start again. It is a healthy, easy and effective exercise because it stretches the body and strengthens the back and vertebrae.
LUNGES
Improvement in functional movement is essential to perform daily routine tasks. Lunges exercise is effective for functional movement. It improves the strength of the legs and glutes. One can perform this exercise by standing with feet spaced shoulder-width apart. Plus, arms should be in the down position. Now, the right leg has to move forward with the bend of the right knee. At last, push up off the right foot and return to start position. Now repeat the same with the left leg.
PUSHUPS
Pushups are among the top daily exercises because they are very important for people who want to lose bodyweight and strengthen the core of the body. It incorporates effective bodyweight movements because all muscles of the body are involved in performing this exercise. First of all, the plank position is required to perform this exercise. Now, one has to bend the elbows on the floor and have to lower the body down to the floor. Repeat the up and down movement of the body.
JUMPING JACKS
Jumping Jacks is important for the maintenance of cardiovascular health. This exercise activates the muscles of the body. It is the perfect warm-up exercise. In performing this exercise, one has to stand in a straight position by joining the feet together. Now start jumping by spreading the arms and legs at the same time. Open the legs and bring the arm to the head with each jump.
BALANCING TABLE POSE
Balancing Table Pose is a yoga pose that is very effective for the human body. This exercise is beneficial for the spine. It also helps an individual in improving his memory and enables them to perform assigned tasks with full concentration. To do it, one has to balance his body in table pose to perform this yoga. At each movement, one has to take a breath and raise the left leg parallel to the floor while raising the right arm in a parallel position to the floor. Again, take a breath with lowering the arm and leg.
What does it take to unleash your creative potential?
As I mentioned in my article on threshold theory being in the top 1 percent of intelligence has no correlation with being fantastically creative. Instead, you simply have to be smart (not a genius) and then work hard, practice deliberately.
As long as you meet a threshold of intelligence, then brilliant creative work is well within your reach. In the words of researchers from a 2013 study, “we obtained evidence that once the intelligence threshold is met, personality factors become more predictive for creativity.”
Creative thinking requires our brains to make connections between seemingly unrelated ideas. Is this a skill that we are born with or one that we develop through practice? Let’s look at the research to uncover an answer.
In the 1960s, a creative performance researcher named George Land conducted a study of 1,600 five-year-olds and 98 percent of the children scored in the “highly creative” range. Dr. Land re-tested each subject during five year increments. When the same children were 10-years-old, only 30 percent scored in the highly creative range. This number dropped to 12 percent by age 15 and just 2 percent by age 25. As the children grew into adults they effectively had the creativity trained out of them. In the words of Dr. Land, “non-creative behavior is learned.”
Similar trends have been discovered by other researchers. For example, one study of 272,599 students found that although IQ scores have risen since 1990, creative thinking scores have decreased.
This is not to say that creativity is 100 percent learned. Genetics do play a role. According to psychology professor Barbara Kerr, “approximately 22 percent of the variance [in creativity] is due to the influence of genes.” This discovery was made by studying the differences in creative thinking between sets of twins.
All of this to say, claiming that “I’m just not the creative type” is a pretty weak excuse for avoiding creative thinking. Certainly, some people are primed to be more creative than others. However, nearly every person is born with some level of creative skill and the majority of our creative thinking abilities are trainable.
Now that we know creativity is a skill that can be improved, let’s talk about why—and how—practice and learning impacts your creative output.
Saying no is sometimes seen as a luxury that only those in power can afford. And it is true: turning down opportunities is easier when you can fall back on the safety net provided by power, money, and authority. But it is also true that saying no is not merely a privilege reserved for the successful among us. It is also a strategy that can help you become successful.
Saying no is an important skill to develop at any stage of your career because it retains the most important asset in life: your time. As the investor Pedro Sorrentino put it, “If you don’t guard your time, people will steal it from you.”
You need to say no to whatever isn’t leading you toward your goals. You need to say no to distractions. As one reader told me, “If you broaden the definition as to how you apply no, it actually is the only productivity hack (as you ultimately say no to any distraction in order to be productive).”
Nobody embodied this idea better than Steve Jobs, who said, “People think focus means saying yes to the thing you’ve got to focus on. But that’s not what it means at all. It means saying no to the hundred other good ideas that there are. You have to pick carefully.”
There is an important balance to strike here. Saying no doesn’t mean you’ll never do anything interesting or innovative or spontaneous. It just means that you say yes in a focused way. Once you have knocked out the distractions, it can make sense to say yes to any opportunity that could potentially move you in the right direction. You may have to try many things to discover what works and what you enjoy. This period of exploration can be particularly important at the beginning of a project, job, or career.
We do not know the exact source of the current outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but we know that it originally came from an animal, likely a bat. But exactly we don’t know where it came from there are many sources researchers told that it came from animals. Researchers have confirmed that if we know that we are affected by corona virus we should not be closely attached to animals. As we all know it spreads through air we should be very careful because if we are affected by this virus our family members will be also affected. In India few days before only the corona virus speed is low before an all it was in a high many people were affected some died. It was a pain for all people in India to hear the news that there is no bed, no oxygen facility, no doctors, no medicine it was a horrible experience. Still some people hesitate to wear a mask some people are thinking that we can save this money for some use. But some people who are manufacturing and selling the required items for the people are raising the value of the product, all the people in the world are suffering all need some time to recover from this pandemic situation in this time raising the value of the product all are suffering. Some people don’t have money are food because they are daily wage people if there is no work no food. In each person life there are problems but now all people have one problem it is this corona virus. We all want this corona virus to go away because it is spoiling our day to day activities we cannot do anything as per our wish. If we are not following the rules which government told us till that this situation will not change, it will reduce and rise again and again we cannot control it because in India we are facing second wave of corona virus it is called as delta. Another wave it is heavier than this second wave the researchers have found this in India. So this pandemic situation is getting heavier not lower because it started spreading over animals one tiger had died. All are taking steps to control this situation. We are people so we will hear the rules of the government but it is not possible in animals it need some time to train. Now it is spread in animals those who are in zoo if it passes to the roadside dogs, cats etc then it will be in big danger. This corona virus came because of bat a research is telling if it was really a true message then it worst thing that happened in this world not even before. It is bird and animals how to control them all there is no money no medicine no oxygen itself how we are going to save the life of the animals and birds.
“So let us try to be safe if only we are safe we can save others to”
India is a land of diversity as there are diverse variety of people co-existing on the same land. The Indian society is remarked with the presence of different people belonging to different religions and caste, following different traditions, practicing different culture, speaking different languages, eating different kinds of food, wearing different types of clothes, etc. these diversities result in disparities among the people. These inconsistencies result in discrimination and exclusion of various individuals and groups from the society at many points of time.
The people in the society are highly discriminated on the basis of the caste that they belong to and family they are born in. just because someone is born in a family belonging to a lower caste, they are considered to be lower than the others members of the society and are discriminated. The country is dominated by Hindus and the Hindu culture divides and sub-divides the individuals in different castes; certain castes are awarded the states of supreme whereas others like Shudras are regarded as the untouchables. This discrimination was highly based upon the type of work or occupation that is performed by the members of a particular caste. Also, in the later stages, if a particular caste is considered to be lower, the members of the caste are discriminated and excluded irrespective of their occupation. This was a worse situation as it affected the development and modernization of the society as well as the individuals, and also depicts the narrow and conventional ideologies prevailing the nation.
This kind of Discrimination and the practice of untouchability are hereditary in India. The society rank the people as per the purity of their occupation and justify their action through the concept of Karma. the traditional people believed that a certain individuals belong to a particular caste as a result of their deeds of pervious birth. However, the above concept is completely illogical and unjustified, the Indian society has undergone various reforms to eliminate this discrimination. The Indian Constitution observes the application of the principle of Equality and Justice for every individual citizen of the nation. Thus, the practice of Untouchability has been nearly abolished from the society and equal recognition has been provided to all the individuals.
Yet, there is some extent of discrimination and exclusion taking place on the basis of different traits and characteristics of an individual or group. The extent of this problem is much wider and deeper than what is supposed. That’s the reason why the strict legislations and regulations have also failed to eradicate the problem completely. This discrimination and exclusion manifest itself in several forms, whether socially, economically or politically.
SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION: The society divides itself into different castes and creeds, there is a hierarchical relationship formed that grades the different castes as high or low. It depicts that people belonging to some specific castes are considered to be unholy, impure and polluting, thus, they are ordered at the lowest position in the list. The people belonging to the upper caste would consider them and even their touch to be impure. Hence, they were exploited and discriminated and often beaten if they come in contact with the people of higher caste. The social exclusion was practiced as they were excluded from the social gatherings and other social activities, they were not allowed to make use of the public properties or spaces like Wells, ponds, temples, schools, hostels, hospitals, etc. Even after the enforcement rules and legislations, they are forced to live outside of the town and village during the day time and their homes are physically separated from that of the upper caste. Along with these discriminations, they are also discriminated religiously; they are not allowed to practice their religion and culture, worship their gods or even perform their burial rituals.
ECONOMIC DISCRIMINATION: The people belonging to the lower caste commonly lack financial resources, they were not allowed to purchase their own piece of land or build their own homes. It is only after the establishment of a democratic form of government and enforcement of the Constitution that these people are allowed to own some property under their Right to Property. However, many of the Dalits are still landless labors working on the farmers of upper caste Zamindars and land owners, even the one owning a land has a small insignificant piece of it.
POLITICAL DISCRIMINATION: The lower caste people were not even recognized in the society; thus, they were definitely not allowed to participate in the political matters. Even, their constitutional right to vote is violated, as the people of the upper caste didn’t agree to share the polling booth with them. This kind of discriminatory behavior results to them losing their self-confidence and ignorance of their Self-esteem. Thus, they were not confident enough to raise any voice or represent themselves to the nation and the authorities.
Therefore, it can be concluded that even after many reforms and governmental regulations, the Indian system has miserably failed to help the lower caste earn their self-identity. We as a responsible citizens uphold discrimination as immoral and make attempts to eliminate it.
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