by Yogiraj Sadaphal

Don’t lose hope. When the sun goes down, the stars come out.

Officials and Health Authorities are now constantly alerting people about the likelihood of a third wave of Coronavirus infections, after failing to sufficiently prepare for the second wave whereas Principal Scientific Advisor K Vijay Raghavan calling the third wave “inevitable”.

What exactly is a wave?

There is no textbook definition of what comprises a wave. The phrase is used in a broad sense to describe the rising and falling variations in infection rates throughout time. The growth curve has the appearance of a wave. Historically, the term “wave” was used to describe the disease’s periodicity.

Covid-19 has been running nonstop for the past year and a half, but there have been periods of rise followed by a relative slowdown in every location. So far in India, there have been two different phases of growth, each separated by a long severe recession. For example, Delhi has been hit by four waves so far. Even before the current wave, its development curve featured three clear peaks, whereas growth curves other states like Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh were considerably more diffused until February, without a sharp apex. In such a case, identifying different waves would be challenging.

So, if a 3^rd  wave occurs, how would one recognize it?

The third wave, which is now being discussed, relates to a prospective increase in national cases. After peaking on May 6, the national curve presently appears to be on a downward trend. The daily case count has declined to around 2.6 lakh from a high of 4.14 lakh in the last two weeks, while the number of active cases has dropped to 32.25 lakh from a high of 37.45 lakh. If there is a huge influx after that, it will be considered as the third wave if it lasts for a few weeks or months.

Will the 3^rd Wave be Stronger?

There has been rumors that the third wave will be even more powerful than the second. This, on the other hand, isn’t something that can be expected. Every new wave is typically predicted to be weaker than the previous one. This is because the virus has a relatively free run once it arises, given that the entire population is vulnerable. There would be significantly less vulnerable people in future instances since some of them would have developed immunity.

Only a small percentage of the population had been infected when the number of infections began to decline in India after mid-September last year. Given that such a high fraction of the population was still susceptible, there was no reason for the disease’s spread to have slowed. The causes for the five-month continuous decrease in occurrences in India are yet unknown.

Because the second wave was predicted to be weaker than the first, many people believed the pandemic was coming to an end. With the hard lessons learned, there are now predictions that the third wave will be even more powerful. That, however, may not be the case. During the second wave of infection, substantially more persons were infected than during the first wave. The unconfirmed illnesses — those who were never tested — are projected to be enormous, with the positivity rate nearly four times that of the first wave. Vaccination would also provide immunity to a substantial percentage of the population.

Is it Unavoidable?

The chance of a third wave exists. It will almost certainly happen, however neither the scope nor the date can be foreseen. However, it is not unavoidable. It’s also likely that the new wave will be significantly smaller than the previous one, causing less suffering and allowing for more efficient management.

Falun Gong is a new religious movement. Falun Gong was founded by its leader Li Hongzhi in China in the early 1990s. Falun Gong has its global headquarters in Dragon Springs, a 400-acre (160 ha) compound around Cuddebackville  in Deerpark, New York, near the current residence of Li Hongzhi. Falun Gong’s performance arts extension, Shen Yun (“Divine Rhythm”) and two closely connected schools, Fei Tian (“Flying Sky-Being”) College and Fei Tian Academy of the Arts, also operate in and around Dragon Springs.

Central Teachings

Falun Gong aspires to enable the practitioner to ascend spiritually through moral rectitude and the practice of a set of exercises and meditation. The three stated tenets of the belief are Truthfulness (真, Zhēn), Compassion (善, Shàn), and Forbearance (忍, Rěn). These principles have been repeated by Falun Gong members to outsiders as a tactic for evading deeper inquiry, and followers have been instructed by Li to lie about the practice.Together these principles are regarded as the fundamental nature of the cosmos, the criteria for differentiating right from wrong, and are held to be the highest manifestations of the Tao, or Buddhist Dharma.

Demography

Most Falun Gong estimates in the same period placed the total number of practitioners in China at 70 to 80 million. Other sources have estimated the Falun Gong population in China to have peaked between 10 and 70 million practitioners. The number of Falun Gong practitioners still practicing in China today is difficult to confirm, though some sources estimate that tens of millions continue to practice privately.

Demographic surveys conducted in China in 1998 found a population that was mostly female and elderly. Of 34,351 Falun Gong practitioners surveyed, 27% were male and 73% female. Only 38% were under 50 years old. Falun Gong attracted a range of other individuals, from young college students to bureaucrats, intellectuals and Party officials. Surveys in China from the 1990s found that between 23 and 40% of practitioners held university degrees at the college or graduate level—several times higher than the general population.

Falun Gong is practiced by tens, and possibly hundreds of thousands outside China, with the largest communities found in Taiwan and North American cities with large Chinese populations, such as New York and Toronto.

Persecution in China

On 20 July 1999, security forces abducted and detained thousands of Falun Gong practitioners who they identified as leaders. Two days later, on 22 July, the PRC Ministry of Civil Affairs outlawed the Falun Dafa Research Society as an illegal organization that was “engaged in illegal activities, advocating superstition and spreading fallacies, hoodwinking people, inciting and creating disturbances, and jeopardizing social stability”. The same day, the Ministry of Public Security issued a circular forbidding citizens from practicing Falun Gong in groups, possessing Falun Gong’s teachings, displaying Falun Gong banners or symbols, or protesting against the ban.

The aim of the ensuing campaign was to “eradicate” the group through a combination of means which included the publication and distribution of propaganda which denounced it and the imprisonment and coercive thought reform of its practitioners, sometimes resulting in deaths. In October 1999, four months after the imposition of the ban, legislation was passed in order to outlaw “heterodox religions” and sentence Falun Gong devotees to prison terms.

Hundreds of thousands of Falun Gong practitioners are estimated to have been extrajudicially imprisoned, and practitioners who are currently in detention are reportedly subjected to forced labor, psychiatric abuse, torture, and other coercive methods of thought reform at the hands of Chinese authorities. The U.S. Department of State and Congressional-Executive Commission on China cite estimates that as much as half of China’s reeducation-through-labor camp population is made up of Falun Gong practitioners.  Researcher Ethan Gutmann estimates that Falun Gong practitioners represent an average of 15 to 20 percent of the total “laogai” population, a population which includes practitioners who are currently being held in re-education through labor camps as well as practitioners who are currently being held in prisons and other forms of administrative detention.  Former detainees of the labor camp system have reported that Falun Gong practitioners comprise one of the largest groups of prisoners; in some labor camp and prison facilities, they comprise the majority of the detainees, and they are often said to receive the longest sentences and the worst treatment.  A 2013 report on labor reeducation camps by Amnesty International found that in some cases, Falun Gong practitioners “constituted on average from one third to 100 per cent of the total population” of certain camps.

According to Johnson, the campaign against Falun Gong extends to many aspects of society, including the media apparatus, the police force, the military, the education system, and workplaces. An extra-constitutional body, the “610 Office” was created to “oversee” the effort. Human Rights Watch (2002) commented that families and workplace employees were urged to cooperate with the government.

Causes

Observers have attempted to explain the Party’s rationale for banning Falun Gong as stemming from a variety of factors. Many of these explanations centre on institutional causes, such as Falun Gong’s size and popularity, its independence from the state, and internal politics within the Chinese Communist Party. Other scholars have noted that Chinese authorities were troubled by Falun Gong’s moral and spiritual content, which put it at odds with aspects of the official Marxist ideology. Still others have pointed to China’s history of bloody sectarian revolts as a possible factor leading to the crackdown.

SOURCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong

1. Yellow and red together make you hungry:

Fast food chain figured this out year ago and use this color combination over and combination over and over in branding, advertising and restaurant decor.

2. World blue is the most common favorite color:

studies conducted by various global marketing firms show that blue is the most common favorite color world wide followed.

3. Pink soothes the nervous and is often used for anger management:

pink has been known to suppress anger and anxiety and have an overall calming effect.

It is often used in mental health care institutions and even prison to help create a sense of calm.

4. The color wheel was invented by Isaac Newton:

Around 16655 issac newton used a prism to turn white light into a rainbow and identified seven colors.

He felt the last color, indigo, was a recurrence of the first color, red and decided to arrange the color in a circle

5. Red is the first color a baby sees.

Red has the longest wavelength of the color and scientists speculate this makes it easier to process in developing receptors and nerves in a baby’s eye

6. Color has a big impact on a first impression:

62-90% if a first impression is based on how someone is Recognizing color in the situation.

For those who want to make a strong first impression avoid neutral heading out on a first date? Add a pop of bring color to be more memorable.

7. People are more likely to forget something when it’s in black and white:

A black and white movie, or photographs is often not as easy to recall as a color image scientists believe this may be because color has a stronger appeal to the sense and as a result makes a more lasting impression on the memory.

An environmental disaster  is defined as a catastrophic event regarding the natural environment that is due to human activity . This point distinguishes environmental disasters from other disturbances such as natural disasters and intentional acts of war such as nuclear bombings. Environmental disasters show how the impact of humans’ alteration of the land has led to widespread and/or long-lasting consequences.

These disasters have included deaths of wildlife, humans and plants, or severe disruption of human life or health, possibly requiring migration .Environmental disasters historically have affected agriculture, biodiversity  including wildlife, the economy and human health. The most common causes include pollution that seeps into groundwater or a body of water , emissions into the atmosphere and depletion of natural resources, industrial activity or agricultural practices.

Environmental disasters have a severely detrimental effect on ecosystems. These catastrophes are often short in duration, but have a lasting impact on the animals and plants that live in the affected habitat. Occasionally, environmental catastrophes change the physical environment so much that the damage to the ecosystem is irreversible. In other cases, environmental damage can be contained and the habitat rehabilitated.

Environmental disasters fall into two general categories. Some disasters are caused by natural climate or weather events. These include wild fires, landslides, floods, earthquakes, droughts, tornadoes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Although the causes of these natural environmental disasters do not involve human activities, in some cases the effects are worsened by the influence of people. For example, the environments that suffered the most damage during the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 were those where urban development and construction had damaged coral reefs. In places where coral reefs were healthy, the reef acted like a buffer, deflecting the power of the giant wave.

A second category of environmental disasters includes those caused by human activities. Examples of human-induced environmental disasters include oil spills, chemical spills, and nuclear incidents. In addition, wars and terrorist activities can be disastrous to ecosystems. In many cases, environmental disasters caused by humans have longer lasting effects on the environment than catastrophes brought on by natural events. For example, the enormous oil spill that occurred when the Exxon Valdez supertanker ran aground in Prince William Sound in 1989 continues to have major environmental repercussions. Twelve years after the oil spill, significant deposits of oil, which is toxic to many species, persisted throughout the affected area. In 2002, the population size of at least eight species of fish and mammals was still severely impacted from the oil spill.

Although environmental disasters take a terrible toll on ecosystems, they can bring increased attention to threatened habitats. In some cases, the increased oversight by governmental, intergovernmental, and non-governmental agencies results in legislation, which reduces the impact of future environmental disasters. For example, the Exxon Valdez oil spill led to much stronger regulation of the oil shipping industry. Also, additional funds were allocated for cleaning up oil spills, should they occur again. In the wake of the 2004 tsunami, the United Nations began organizing an Indian Ocean Tsunami warning system to alert citizens when another gigantic wave is heading to shore.

Humans have long believed that their scientific creativity could meet the challenges of natural forces. However, as Earth’s resources continue to be eroded by the growing population and its demand for natural resources, it is ever more likely that environmental disasters will increase both in number and intensity. It delves into the effects that these catastrophes have taken on the environment and on the human communities involved.

Our human body is continuously exposed to microorganisms that may or may not be infectious. Millions of microorganisms exist in our body that includes our mouth, eyes, ears, and the other various part of our body.
But in the same way, our body is also exposed to disease-causing microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, etc. So in order to keep us healthy, there is a certain process that our body undergoes in order to defend ourselves from such microorganisms, this is done by our immune system. The branch of science that deals with the components of the immune system are called Immunology.

NOW, WHAT EXACTLY IS IMMUNITY?

It is the ability of an organism to fight against disease-causing agents.
It is further divided into two categories :

1. Innate immunity.
2. Acquired immunity.

INNATE IMMUNITY :

It is a non-specific type of immunity that includes all the defense elements with which an individual is born. It is present at the time of birth and is genetic i.e, it is passed down genetically from parents to children.
This includes skin, mucous membranes, and blood cells along with the white blood cell which forms an important component of innate immunity.

The different types of barriers to innate immunity are :

1) Physical barrier: This includes skin and mucous membrane

2) Physiological barrier: This comprises hydrochloric acid, bile, cerum, lysozyme, and our body temperature.

3) Cellular barrier: Certain types of cells called leucocytes(WBC), neutrophils and monocytes, natural killer cells (lymphocyte) as well as macrophages constitutes this barrier.

4) Cytokine barrier: There are certain cells which once infected by a virus, release a glycoprotein called interferons (IFNs). This causes the nearby cell to get alert, as it is a signal which basically says pathogens have been entered and have infected it.

5) Inflammatory barrier: This is a type of barrier that causes redness, swelling, pain, and the production of heat from the infected tissue.

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY :

This type of immunity is found only in vertebrates. It is also called adaptive or specific immunity. It enhances the protection of the innate immunity as it is generated in response to the exposure of pathogens.

These are further divided into two groups:

1) Active immunity.

2) Passive immunity.

ACTIVE IMMUNITY :

It involves the active functioning of an individual’s own immune system, which leads to the synthesis of antibodies.

Types of active immunity:

1) Natural active immunity: Natural infection by a pathogen generates antibodies and specialized lymphocytes.

2) Artificial active immunity: Vaccines are administrated to the body which generates antibodies.

PASSIVE IMMUNITY :

In this case of immunity, the antibodies from one individual are passed into another individual. It also gives immediate protection. But this type of immunity is short-lived, generally lasts for only a few weeks.

Types of passive immunity:

1) Natural passive immunity: It is gained naturally, for example, antibodies from a mother can cross the placenta and enter her foetus.

2) Artificial passive immunity: Here the antibodies formed in one individual are extracted and are then injected into the blood of another individual.

CONCLUSION :

We have an immune system in our body that help us fight against the disease-causing microorganisms or pathogen. Some Immunity may be passed to us during our birth and can also be passed to our next generation, this type of immunity is called innate immunity. While the immunity that is acquired after birth that has the ability to recognize and selectively eliminate a certain specific type of pathogens is called Acquired immunity.

Books play a very important role in everyone’s life, especially in a students’ life. They are our best friends because they inspire us to do great things in life and overcome our failures. We learn a lot of things from them. Books are our best companions as they provide us knowledge unconditionally without asking anything in return.

Friendship with good books makes you a good person. In case when there is no one for your help, only these will become your companion in life. Books will always be there for you in your adverse times and bring positive value to our life.

“A room without books is like a body without a soul.”

They have always benefit to the reader.

1. Tell us about the History

In modern times, books are the only medium through which we can know about History. These tell us what all happened in the past. Books like “A Brief History of Time” by Stephens Hawking and “The Sixth Extinction” by Elizabeth Kolbert, etc. are some of the major books that tell us about the natural History of pastime.

2. Teach Positive values, Spirituality and Love

Books bring a realization of the values contained in our hearts. With the help of good story books, one can learn moral values, ethics in life, and become a good human being. It is necessary to gain some positive values in life which reflect the individual character as well as spirituality.

3. Make us Intelligent

Reading good books like autobiographies of many prominent personalities, philosophers and authors inspire us to become or to achieve something great like them. It also makes us intelligent as we gain a lot of knowledge by reading books.

4. Increase Self Confidence, Boost Memory and Imagination Power

Reading books and novels can also improve our memory, reduce stress, and increase mental power as well as knowledge. They also help us to improve vocabulary, concentration power & make our thinking skills stronger.

5. These are also the library of information

Books are considered as a “store of information” using which we can gain information by reading at any time. Reading is something that will always increase knowledge. Whether we study or teach anyone, knowledge goes on increasing with time.

Conclusion

Books are amazing things that can be both entertaining and beneficial to your health. They are almost like tools to a healthy lifestyle. Those who don’t read can’t understand the love for reading, but those who read on a daily basis know the importance of diving into a good book. The books that you choose to read is your preference. Often, people will read magazine articles or even textbooks if that is what they enjoy reading. Whatever you choose to read, you can count on the multiple benefits of reading to help both your mind and body.

Long back our scriptures used to say feed a hungry man is the most sacred thing a person can do.

But now in this modern world the above epithets has been changed. Many people all over the world are suffering from various ailments which leads to the disfunctioning of their organs and slowly leads to death. How to save these unlucky patients from death is big question mark. The growth of medical science has helped a man to save the patients from the deaths. Medical science has developed to such an extent that almost all the organs of a body can be substituted. But how to get these substitutes. Here comes the importance of organ donation.

Every year August 13 Organ Donation Day is celebrated.The requirement for organ donators has been rising essentially throughout the long term. This developing need is because of the way that the quantity of individuals with end-stage organ disappointment has been expanding and, with propels in transplantation, a more prominent extent of these individuals are qualified for organ transplantation.

Organ donation is a chance to help other people. Individuals who are on an organ holding up list ordinarily have end-stage organ illness that fundamentally impacts their personal satisfaction and might be close to the furthest limit of their life. Getting an organ can turn into a groundbreaking occasion for these individuals. It can likewise help a family work through the lamenting cycle and manage their misfortune by realizing their adored one is helping save the existences of others.

The organ waiting list is always long. Every day, there are approximately 2,00,000 people on the waiting list nationally for an organ.

Individuals are kicking the bucket while waiting for an organ. Every day so many individuals around the world kick the bucket waiting for a organ. Organ gift can be a fulfilling and positive experience. Not only that but we get the satisfaction of helping others.

Income Tax is a form of direct tax. Income tax has to be paid by entitled whose taxable income exceeds certain amount fixed by the government.

Assesment year:

assessment year refer to the period of 12 months commencing on the 1st day of April every year. For the year 19-20 the assessment year would be 2020-2021.

Previous year:

The previous year is the year I which the income us earned. The income earned in the previous year is taxed in the assessment year. The previous year us the financial year preceding the assessment year. For the assessment year 2020-2021, the previous year is 19-20.

Assessee:

Assessee means a person by whom any tax Or any other sum of money id payable under this Act and includes:

1. Every person in respect of whom any proceedings under this act have been initiated for the assessment of this income or the income of any other person in respect of whom he is assessable Or loss sustained by him or by such other person or of the amount of refund due to him or to other such person.
2. Every person who is deemed to be an assessee under any provision of this act
3. Every person who is deemed to be an assessee in default under any provision of this act.

Person:

1. An individual
2. A hindu undivided family
3. A company
4. A form
5. An association of person or body of individual
6. A local authority
7. Every artificial juridical person .

Education is a critical aspect of one’s life. It boosts your self-confidence, acquires skills and knowledge, and shows your capabilities. Female education continues being a trending topic since many years. There is consistently a notion created that girls are born to do household chores, get married, and look after their families. Is this why women are born? Education is medium to take wise decisions and have great control in life and women have the ability to do so.

Women encounter multiple barriers when they are on a journey of gaining education. The pressure of their families and society restrict them from doing so. 

When women have the ability to look after their families and perform household chores, aren’t they capable enough to educate themselves? Why is there discrimination between men and women in this field? As the Indian Constitution says ALL HAVE EQUAL RIGHTS TO QUALITY EDUCATION, why isn’t no one following it? Our nation is in a development phase in all the fields. No doubt we are gaining our motive, but once give a thought, if women involve in this movement what would the success rate be? Women should have the rights to contribute their ideas, articulate their thoughts to the world.

IMPORTANCE OF FEMALE EDUCATION

• If females are provided with education, the poverty in our nation will gradually decrease.
• According to UNESCO, if all females in developing countries completed primary education then child mortality would drop by a sixth, saving nearly one million lives annually. 
• Girls are definitely the future of our nation. Girls who receive an education will undoubtedly make it a priority for their children.
• By educating women, they can uplift their families, support them financially.
• Educating females can reduce the chances of child marriage as this can deliver a negative impact on female education.

PROMOTION OF FEMALE EDUCATION

•  The awareness of female education should start from rural areas. 
• Schools should be constructed in villages so that women can feel safe to attend.
• Security should be provided to women so that they don’t hesitate to come out of their house to attend schools.
• Stern actions should be initiated for any crime against women.
• Abortion of female feticide should be banned and if it is practiced, punishment should be given.
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao campaigns should frequently be conducted to bring awareness about the importance of education in a woman’s life.

Women shouldn’t hold themselves back assuming what people will think about them. They should do what their heart says. In today’s world, people do believe female education is important. Frequent encouragement is needed to completely stop this act. When women can look after her family, why can’t she look after her nation? Women can inevitably cause a change in society, if she is given a chance. She doesn’t expect much from her family and close ones. She merely wants them to support her decisions and help her achieve success.

 It is important for women to voice out their thoughts, ideas and decisions. They should reveal  to the world that they are capable enough to balance both their personal and professional life. That day is not too far when all the women in this world would be happily attending schools and colleges and gaining abundance of knowledge.

Globalization -A process of the “reconfiguration of geography, so that social space is no longer wholly mapped in terms of territorial places, territorial distances and territorial borders.”

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, organizations, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.

It includes the creation of networks and pursuits transforming social, economical, and geographical barriers. Globalisation tries to build links in such a way that the events in India can be determined by the events happening distances away.To put it in other words, globalisation is the method of interaction and union among people, corporations, and governments universally.

Effects of Globalisation in India

India is one of the countries that succeeded significantly after the initiation and implementation of globalisation. The growth of foreign investment in the field of corporate, retail, and the scientific sector is enormous in the country.

It also had a tremendous impact on the social, monetary, cultural, and political areas. In recent years, globalisation has increased due to improvements in transportation and information technology. With the improved global synergies, comes the growth of global trade, doctrines, and culture.

Globalization in the Indian economy

Indian society is changing drastically after urbanisation and globalisation. The economic policies have had a direct influence in forming the basic framework of the economy.

Economic policies established and administered by the government also performed an essential role in planning levels of savings, employment, income, and investments in the society.

Cross country culture is one of the critical impacts of globalisation on Indian society. It has significantly changed several aspects of the country, including cultural, social, political, and economical.

However, economic unification is the main factor that contributes maximum to a country’s economy into an international economy.

What are the factors aiding globalization ?

1) TECHNOLOGY :- has reduced the speed of communication manifolds. The phenomenon of social media in the recent world has made distance insignificant.

The integration of technology in India has transformed jobs which required specialized skills and lacked decision-making skills to extensively-defined jobs with higher accountability that require new skills, such as numerical, analytical, communication and interactive skills. As a result of this, more job opportunities are created for people.

2) LPG REFORM :- The 1991 reforms in India have led to greater economic liberalisation which has in turn increased India’s interaction with the rest of the world.

3) FASTER TRANSPORTATION :- Improved transport, making global travel easier. For example, there has been a rapid growth in air-travel, enabling greater movement of people and goods across the globe.

4) RISE OF WTO :- The formation of WTO in 1994 led to reduction in tariffs and non-tariff barriers across the world. It also led to the increase in the free trade agreements among various countries.

5) IMPROVED MOBILITY OF CAPITAL:- In the past few decades there has been a general reduction in capital barriers, making it easier for capital to flow between different economies. This has increased the ability for firms to receive finance. It has also increased the global interconnectedness of global financial markets.

6) RISE OF MNCs: Multinational corporations operating in different geographies have led to a diffusion of best practices. MNCs source resources from around the globe and sell their products in global markets leading to greater local interaction.These factors have helped in economic liberalization and globalization and have facilitated the world in becoming a “global village”. Increasing interaction between people of different countries has led to internationalization of food habits, dress habits, lifestyle and views.

Impact of Globalisation

Outsourcing: This is one of the principal results of the globalisation method. In outsourcing, a company recruits regular service from the outside sources, often from other nations, that was earlier implemented internally or from within the nation (like computer service, legal advice, security, each presented by individual departments of the corporation, and advertisement).

As a kind of economic venture, outsourcing has increased, in recent times, because of the increase in quick methods of communication, especially the growth of information technology (IT).Many of the services such as voice-based business processes (commonly known as BPS, BPO, or call centres), accountancy, record keeping, music recording, banking services, book transcription, film editing, clinical advice, or teachers are being outsourced by the companies from the advanced countries to India.

Conclusion

At last we can conclude that Globalization and marginalization go hand in hand in India. With millions of poor farmers, rural laborers, urban unemployed, slum-dwellers, 3 million refugees, 100 million street children, and the millions displaced by ‘the development’ projects, poverty in this era of globalization has assumed new dimensions. The question of “are the poor getting poorer?” related to inequality both nationally and internationally. It is apparent that in order to ensure that the potential gains from globalization are shared among all groups (rich and poor countries and between groups within a country) major reforms may be needed. As Amartya Sen states, “Even if the poor were to get just a little richer, this would not necessarily imply that the poor were getting a fair share of the potentially vast benefits of global economic interrelations.”

Definition and Meaning:

The word “Communication” has come from the Latin word “communis”, which means common. Thus, communication signifies sharing of ideas in common. The dictionary meaning of communication is to convey or exchange information and share ideas.

It is a process through which two or more persons transmit or exchange thoughts and ideas among themselves. According to W. H. Newman and C. F. Summer, “Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons.”

Communication is the process of transmitting information and understanding from one person to another or from one unit to other unit with a view to getting the desired response from the receiver. Through this process two or more persons exchange ideas and understanding among themselves to achieve the desired effect in the behaviour of another person.

It is a two-way channel for transmitting ideas, feelings, plans, commands, instructions, reports and suggestions that influence the attitude towards an organisation’s objectives. The communicator’s goal is to convey the meanings or ideas without distortion. Success of the leader and the enterprise depends upon adequacy of communication.

It is the responsibility of the managers to establish and maintain the channels whereby they can convey their own thinking and policies to the subordinates, and can receive their reactions and an account of their problems.

Elements of Business Communication:

1. Message:

This is the subject-matter which is transmitted or passed by the sender to the other party or group of persons. This might be opinion, order, suggestion, attitude, feeling, view, etc.

2. Sender:

He/she is the person who intends to make contact for passing information and understanding to other person.

3. Receiver:

The person to whom the message is meant for is known as receiver or communicate.

4. Channels:

Information is transmitted through certain channels (e.g., radio, television, telephone, letter, e-mail, etc.). The media is selected by the sender considering various factors.

5. Symbols:

These are the words, actions and signs which are passed on by the sender while communicating with the receiver.

6. Feedback:

When the receiver acknowledges the message of the sender and responds back to him/her, feedback takes place. Without feedback communication is incomplete.

Features of Business Communication:

1. Practical:

Effective business communication deals with the practical aspect of the information explaining why, how, when and the like queries. It avoids impractical, imaginary, unnecessary or repetitive information to eliminate waste of time. It conveys important information to the receiver.

2. Factual:

In general a business message contains facts and figures in place of overall idea. Important date, place, time, etc. should be clearly mentioned in a business communication.

3. Clear and Brief:

The language used in business communication should be simple, clear, brief and without ambiguity. Sometimes charts, photographs, diagrams, etc. are used to condense or clarify the information.

4. Target-Oriented:

A business communication must have a specific objective and must be planned properly so that the objective can be achieved.

5. Persuasive:

Business communication often plays a persuasive role. It persuades an employee to perform his/her duties, a customer to buy a product or service etc. The basic characteristics mentioned above are related to the message or information of the communication.

International Left Handers Day is an international day observed annually on August 13 to celebrate the uniqueness and differences of left-handed individuals. … It celebrates left-handed people’s uniqueness and differences, a subset of humanity comprising seven to ten percent of the world’s population.

August 13th is a chance to tell your family and friends how proud you are of being left-handed, and also raise awareness of the everyday issues that lefties face as we live in a world designed for right-handers.

Narendra Modi

The Prime Minister of the largest democracy in the world, India, Narendra Modi is a left-hander according to the Indian left-handers’ club.

Bill Gates

Founder of Microsoft and a tech Mogul Bill Gates needs no introduction. Left-handed Gates is the fourth most wealthy person in the world, as per Forbes’ real-time billionaires’ list

Sachin Tendulkar

Master Blaster Sachin Tendulkar, who is also known as the “God of Cricket,” celebrates his left-handedness. Once he tweeted in a light mood, “I may be left-handed but I am always right.”

Barack Obama

The two-time President of the United States, Barack Obama is left-handed. Interestingly, the US has a long list of left-handed presidents including James Garfield, Herbert Hoover, Harry Truman, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton.

Left handed bollywood people:

• Abhishek Bachchan. Abhishek Bachchan, or Abhishek Srivastava, is a very well known famous celebrity in the Indian film industry.
• Karan Johar, Amitabh Bachchan.Sonakshi Sinha, Sunny Leone, Aditya Roy Kapur and Kapil Sharma.

Advantages:

• They are more likely to pass a driving test.
• They can make more money.
• They are faster typists.
• They have better problem-solving skills.
• They are better at some sports.
• They spend less time standing in lines.
• They are more likely to excel in creative and visual arts.

Disadvantages:

• Lefties are more worried about making mistakes, more sensitive to criticism and are easily embarrassed.
• Lefties are quick to anger.
• Left-handed people have a higher risk of brain disorders like schizophrenia, dyslexia or hyperactivity disorders.
• Due to cultural and social pressures, many left-handed children were forced to write and perform other activities with their right hands.
• This conversion can cause multiple problems in the developing left-handed child, including learning disorders, dyslexia, stuttering and other speech disorders.

He was the recipient if he Time Lumis entrepreneur excellence awards (2014), become the first Asian to won ’20 under 20′ theil fellowship (2013), was named one of the top 50 entrepreneur by TATA first dot award (2013), and because the world’s youngest CEO at the age of 17.

Ritesh agarwal, an orissa boy coming from a business- oriented family went to kota to become an engineer. But unlike other JEE aspirants, his passion caught hold of him and he did not take JEE preparation seriously.

instead, he wrote a book called ” Indian engineering colleges: A complete encyclopedia of top 100 college’; the book become immensely popular on Flipkart.

He was just 16 when he was selected for the Asian science camp help at the tata institute of fundamental research.

with a penchant for travelling and having lived in tons of hotels, ritesh observed a common problem at the place he stayed- the exorbitant price of the hotel room was not proportional to the facilities provided.

He felt that majority of the hotel in India couldn’t satisfy the basic needs of a traveler on budget

thus, ge started oravel stays his first venture in 2012. He improved his business model ond re- launched oravel as ‘You which is short for ‘ OB YOUR OWN’.

Amazon’s top man – Jeff Bezos

We all know the famous quote, “ LET YOUR HAIR DO THE TALKING!” But, this coronavirus has not only destroyed our families and health but also destroyed our hair too! Hair being the superpower of all the girls has now become the major problem of our daily lives nowadays. Many people who have recovered from COVID-19 have experienced massive hair fall since then. Post- Covid hair fall has become a major problem for most of the people out there, and each one of them is experiencing a major hair loss. Bald patches are being noticed in most people’s heads. According to the medical experts, hair loss has been a significant post Covid-19 complication reported by numerous people. Post- Covid hair fall is legit. Covid has taken many people’s lives , and has destroyed many families, which has already worsened the mental health of the people, and having more and more stress leads to more and more hair fall. Problems like shortness of breath, fatigue, dry skin, allergies, and weakness are some of the prominent problems that most of the people are facing in their lives but major hair loss problems are also being reported by the people. Dr Stuti Khare Shukla, MD dermatologist, says that it is extremely common to face hair fall issues after Covid. “In fact, 70 to 80 percent of patients will definitely face the issue after they have been infected. Usually, it takes 2-4 months to settle, and this type of hair fall is called ‘ ‘telogen effluvium’ ” Covid causes a lot of acute stress, which leads to significant hair loss. Usually, our hair cycle has various phases and when our body undergoes some stress mechanism, our hair ends up in the resting stage and eventually after 2 to 3 months, it starts shedding off. This is the mechanism of telogen effluvium, and patients can suffer up to 4 months of hair loss. Since everyone is experiencing this hair loss, this is completely normal. Through some home remedies & precautions you can get your hair back!

HOME REMEDIES FOR HAIR LOSS:

Nutritional Deficiencies

Since nutrients play a very prominent role in our lives to be healthy and strong. Nutritional deficiencies can cause various problems and one of them is hair loss. So, it could be possible that essential nutrients may be missing from your diets resulting in hair loss problems. Iron, copper, zinc and proteins are some of the major nutrients that we need to keep our hair shiny, voluminous and healthy and deficiency of one of these nutrients can cause major problems to our hair. Deficiency of Vitamin D can also cause major hair loss. In order to avoid this, make sure to get some sunlight.

2. Hormonal Imbalances

After the age of 30, women can experience hormonal imbalance which can cause hair loss. This is usually caused by excessive dihydrotestosterone (DHT) conversion. Even though estrogen is the main hormone that women produce, testosterone and other androgens such as DHEA also occur in the female body. As women reach a certain age, they may begin to convert these androgens to DHT.

3. Egg mask

Eggs are rich in sulphur, phosphorus, selenium, iodine, zinc and protein, which together help promote hair growth.

To prepare the mask:

Separate one egg white in a bowl and add a teaspoon each of olive oil and honey.

Beat to make a paste and apply it all over from root to tips.

After 20 minutes, rinse with a mild shampoo.

4. Coconut Milk

The protein and essential fats in it promote hair growth and prevent hair loss.

To prepare the milk:

Grate a medium-sized coconut and simmer it in a pan for five minutes.

Strain and cool.

Then add one tablespoon of each crushed black pepper and fenugreek seeds to the milk.

Apply on your scalp and hair.

After 20 minutes, rinse with a shampoo.

5. Beet root Juice

Beetroot is rich in vitamins C and B6, folate, manganese, betaine and potassium, all of which are essential for healthy hair growth. Besides, it acts as a detoxification agent by helping keep the scalp clean.

Boil 7-8 beetroot leaves and grind along with 5-6 henna leaves.

Apply this paste on your scalp and leave for 15-20 minutes before rinsing with warm water.

6. Greek Yoghurt and Honey

1. Mix 2 tablespoons of yoghurt with 1 tablespoon of honey and lemon in a bowl.

2. Using a dye brush, apply this paste to the scalp and roots.

3. Leave it on for 30 minutes before rinsing with cold water.

4. Apply this paste once a week.

To all the people out there, especially girls, try these home remedies at home, and get back your shiny & healthy hair. Say no to STRESS! Try these home remedies and remember to flip your hair and enjoy your life!

-SUKHMANI PANESAR

The title itself is horrible to even think about. ’Father’- this 6- word letter has a lot of emotions vested in it. Losing a father is something tremendous which happens to the child, no matter what the age is, losing a father breaks you in pieces” It is an indescribable experience, it permanently alters children of any age. Nothing is the same, you start a new life without your well- wisher, it is a whole transformative event for a child. Since we all know that death is inevitable, no one can stop that, but this doesn’t minimize the grief, the pain that a child experiences after losing a parent. The two main persons of our life to whom we call -“ mumma and papa” even thinking about a life without them gives goosebumps. For me, it is something from which I will never move on, I mean, how could I move on? He was the person who made me, who gave me a life, how can I forget him? Daddies & daughters have a very precious bond that nobody can ever replace. I lost him at the age of 20, where he was supposed to guide me, to cheer me up,  to enjoy my earnings, but everything went upside down. That night has taught me everything, for which I wasn’t ready at all. I didn’t even know that I could write down my feelings,  but since I lost him, writing my feelings on a piece of paper has become my go – to best friend. The realisation that I keep getting is that I will not be able to see him or hear his voice for the rest of my life, I will not ever see him or talk to him again” which always breaks me whenever I think of this, this is something dreadful. We are never really ready to lose a loved one no matter how ill they are. They had made our heart, they made us and now there is a hole where they once were and nothing can fill it in or cover it. I am the daughter who lost her father too soon, too much to process. Writing my feelings is my way of missing him, other than I can do nothing,  nobody can ease my pain or can understand through which I’m going, this is something so excruciating, that I am unable to even write. 

Father- the most powerful word connected with millions of sentiments. Nobody can ever replace those laughs, smiles, those secrets between a father and a daughter, it’s something so precious that I wish I could make a montage from my head to see those moments again and cherish them once again. I wish I could relive those moments, to see him once again, to laugh with him, to do every possible thing that I’ve missed. The man behind me is no more, and it breaks me to pieces, and I am left with zero energy to even pick those pieces to make it again. It shatters me whenever I think of those last moments of him taking his last breath beside me. I wish I could take all of his pain….I wish…..

-SUKHMANI PANESAR

As the word says- Personal Development undoubtedly arises a way of improving yourself to achieve your desired goal in life. It’s a way of recognizing your strengths and how to work better on them. It not only allows you to achieve your goals but also encourages you to carefully search for many of your skills and interests to make yourself better. Of course, it’s not a short process. Improving yourself and rising to greater heights isn’t a cup of tea. As learning has no end, developing yourself too doesn’t have.

Personal growth is a way of informing that Yes! You are upgrading yourself day by day. Even if they continue to be small steps, that doesn’t matter. You are at a satisfaction that you have started achieving your key objective. Let’s take an example to see how you tend to find new skills and interests in you. Imagine you are visiting the place, say Delhi. After exploring every place, you feel to go to Agra to witness one of the Seven Wonders of the World-TAJ MAHAL. Therefore, isn’t there an interest coming within you to visit many in and around places to gain certain experiences that probably you may not get? Clearly, you won’t allow it to go. You take advantage of the decision and the rare opportunity you have. Similarly, you are on a journey to discover your skills and how to mold them well. At this point, you might find something very different and engrossing and you end up willing to attempt it. It’s basically to make you understand that you have so much to learn in your life. You have to take an advantage of it and use the chance to your fullest.

THREE FEATURES OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT:

1. SELF-INTROSPECTION

• Calmly sit down and find out what are your strengths, weaknesses.
• Don’t ever forget to remember your success and failure because these two can totally change the whole dynamics of development.
• Success makes you realize you are learning different qualities and actions. It inspires you to learn more and strive for bigger success.
• Once a failure doesn’t always indicate a failure. You learn from your mistakes and warn your inner self to not repeat them.
• Certain minor changes encourage you to shape your personal growth better day by day.
• There is no person in this world who hasn’t faced a failure. It is evident that when you are on a tour of accomplishing something extremely big, you fall. But at the same time, you should rise like the sun.

2. BUILDING YOUR OWN IDENTITY

• It’s very essential to note no one knows you better than you. Think what makes you, YOU.
• Identity is all about questioning you on what you are.
• Your identity shouldn’t be defined by others, because you live for yourself.
• It is also important you don’t go and ask others to tell you how you are. You will undoubtedly be lost in a place where maybe it’s difficult to come back. You are transforming yourself for your good.
• In the same time, when you are socializing with people, you find certain qualities interesting, you should give a try to inculcate them.
• Construct your own identity. Let people know you are unique.

3. DEVELOPING YOUR TALENTS

• Each person is god-gifted with a bunch of talents.
• Try to improve on those rather than jumping directly into discovering others.
• Just because you like other’s talent doesn’t mean you forget yours and put a lot of time into it.
• When you find others talent very eye-catching, include that in your personal growth.

WAYS TO IMPROVE PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

1. COMMUNICATION: This helps you pour out the feelings in you and helps you share your thoughts. This in return builds confidence in you.
2. SOCIALIZING WITH PEOPLE: Build connections with people, try to understand how they are. Find out what skills and qualities you can acquire.
3. PROBLEM SOLVING: Help people with their issues by providing solutions to them. This encourages you to indulge yourself more in it and causes you to realize what you are good at.
4. ADAPTING: Wherever you go you should be in a stage of adjusting yourself there. It’s not you stay in the same place surrounded by the same people.

IMPORTANCE OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

1. SELF- MOTIVATION: Motivate yourself to strive hard to achieve your goal.
2. BIGGER ACHIEVEMENTS: Success and failures teach you and show your capabilities on how potential you are to achieve something bigger.

Never stop yourself from accomplishing something you desire for just because others don’t like it. Remember, it’s personal development. You are living and improving for yourself. Many people come your way to either stop you or push you forward. Take it positively and step forward.

Amazon’s top man – Jeff Bezos

Introduction

Jeff Bezos is one of the most successful technology tycoons in the world currently. He’s the founder and CEO of amazon.com, which is the largest retailer on the World Wide Web. The company has become a role model to every online retailer in the world. Standing on the fifth spot on the Fobers list of billionaires of the world Jeff Bezos is simply unstoppable.

Childhood

Bezos was born on 12th January 1964 in New Mexico. His father and mother got separated after his birth and her mother married to another man. He adopted Bezos as his legal son.

Education

Bezos did his graduation from Princeton University in computer science and electrical engineering in 1986. He had an early love of computers and he was eager to know how these things work.

Success Story

Amazon.com today has a market capital of over 295 billion dollars. It was started out of Jeff’s garage 30 years ago. The year was 1994 and Jeff was working diligently on wall street.

Internet

At 30 year old he began to see the Internet revolution take place and made the decision to quit his job and start an internet company. A wake up call found these startling statistics, that web usage in the spring 1994 was growing 2300 percent a year. After making a list of top 20 products that he could potentially sell on the internet.

Book

He put more concentration on books, because of low cost and universal demand. It provided him a huge success in his initial stage of his start-up. It turns out it was just the beginning of a bright and an everlasting future.The initial start-up capital came from his parent’s personal savings. They invested a large fraction of their life savings and became amazon.com after getting an immense amount of transactions from the customer’s. Amazon raised a series of funding of eight million dollars in 1995. In 1997 Amazon went public to raise additional capital, within two months after the funding Amazon fields were out to $20,000 a week. However the company has continued to plough the revenue back into the ground but profit remaining nearly zero dollar’s or below and revenue just kept rising.

Further expansion

Post the success of amazon.com Jeff Bezos expanded his business to several other verticals and many other products were added to amazon.com through retail joint ventures. Growing from strength to strength amazon.com launched Kenya which is a digital book with multiple features. Later he launched the Amazon web series, which is not the envy of all tech giant companies. Jeff’s visionary abilities to make correct decisions made him this position today. Amazon web services will remain unchallenged in the near future.

Present Day

Now what started as a small venture and Jeff Bezos is now a symbol of Internet’s sake, he will rightly be called a pioneer in econ at amazon.com which derives its name from south American river Amazon completely justifies the stator of the company. Jeff Bezos is not a businessman but he’s a true leader and an inspiration for many young entrepreneurs across the world.