The real problem is I can never break out of this paradigm and choose subjects that are a combination of different streams. The reason streams are a challenge for us is that they directly affect our career. I cannot pursue economics in a good Delhi University college if I don’t have math as one of my subjects in Class XII. Even if I excel in Economics, the math criteria will simply pull me out of the running and I won’t be able to pursue a career as an economist.

This paradigm and choose subjects that are a combination of different streams. The reason streams are a challenge for us is that they directly affect our career. I cannot pursue economics in a good Delhi University college if I don’t have math as one of my subjects in Class XII. Even if I excel in Economics, the math criteria will simply pull me out of the running and I won’t be able to pursue a career as an economist.

“You have to take care of your family one day” are the words of every parent if their child wants to pursue a career that has, in their opinion, no viability or popularity in society. Boys, in particular, are supposed to choose a career that can support their families one day. My passion and my happiness do not matter more than what society thinks about my career. For society, boys should not try for teaching, fashion designing and cooking because they are ‘feminine jobs’ and not meant for boys. Ever heard of male nurses? I am sure ‘No’.

t of this paradigm and choose subjects that are a combination of different streams. The reason streams are a challenge for us is that they directly affect our career. I cannot pursue economics in a good Delhi University college if I don’t have math as one of my subjects in Class XII. Even if I excel in Economics, the math criteria will simply pull me out of the running and I won’t be able to pursue a career as an economist.

“You have to take care of your family one day” are the words of every parent if their child wants to pursue a career that has, in their opinion, no viability or popularity in society. Boys, in particular, are supposed to choose a career that can support their families one day. My passion and my happiness do not matter more than what society thinks about my career. For society, boys should not try for teaching, fashion designing and cooking because they are ‘feminine jobs’ and not meant for boys. Ever heard of male nurses? I am sure ‘No’.

As a school student, I am afraid to choose such professions because of the stereotypes and repercussions I’d have to face. Even though we are heading towards an egalitarian society, such discriminations prevail in our society. The colour of ‘pay scale’ affects the choice of career. Women are still paid less and the gender pay gap continues to widen. The career-palette is filled only with the most basic of colours, even though millions of colours exist.



As a school student, I am afraid to choose such professions because of the stereotypes and repercussions I’d have to face. Even though we are heading towards an egalitarian society, such discriminations prevail in our society. The colour of ‘pay scale’ affects the choice of career. Women are still paid less and the gender pay gap continues to widen. The career-palette is filled only with the most basic of colours, even though millions of colours exist.



“You have to take care of your family one day” are the words of every parent if their child wants to pursue a career that has, in their opinion, no viability or popularity in society. Boys, in particular, are supposed to choose a career that can support their families one day. My passion and my happiness do not matter more than what society thinks about my career. For society, boys should not try for teaching, fashion designing and cooking because they are ‘feminine jobs’ and not meant for boys. Ever heard of male nurses? I am sure ‘No’.

t of this paradigm and choose subjects that are a combination of different streams. The reason streams are a challenge for us is that they directly affect our career. I cannot pursue economics in a good Delhi University college if I don’t have math as one of my subjects in Class XII. Even if I excel in Economics, the math criteria will simply pull me out of the running and I won’t be able to pursue a career as an economist.

“You have to take care of your family one day” are the words of every parent if their child wants to pursue a career that has, in their opinion, no viability or popularity in society. Boys, in particular, are supposed to choose a career that can support their families one day. My passion and my happiness do not matter more than what society thinks about my career. For society, boys should not try for teaching, fashion designing and cooking because they are ‘feminine jobs’ and not meant for boys. Ever heard of male nurses? I am sure ‘No’.

As a school student, I am afraid to choose such professions because of the stereotypes and repercussions I’d have to face. Even though we are heading towards an egalitarian society, such discriminations prevail in our society. The colour of ‘pay scale’ affects the choice of career. Women are still paid less and the gender pay gap continues to widen. The career-palette is filled only with the most basic of colours, even though millions of colours exist.



As a school student, I am afraid to choose such professions because of the stereotypes and repercussions I’d have to face. Even though we are heading towards an egalitarian society, such discriminations prevail in our society. The colour of ‘pay scale’ affects the choice of career. Women are still paid less and the gender pay gap continues to widen. The career-palette is filled only with the most basic of colours, even though millions of colours exist.

We all require hard work at some point in our lives. It is difficult to reach greatness without putting in the necessary effort. In other words, if an idle individual wishes to sit and wait for something else, they will get nothing. About the other side, someone who works hard all the time will undoubtedly succeed in life, and this is precisely what the essay on hard effort will discuss.

Hard labour pays off, as history has often demonstrated. Edison used to work for many hours each day and would fall asleep on his laboratory table with only his books as a pillow.

Similarly, India’s late Prime Minister Pt. Nehru used to labour 17 hours a day, seven days a week. He didn’t take any vacations. Mahatma Gandhi, our great leader, laboured tirelessly to bring our country freedom.

As a result, we can see that all of these people’s hard work paid off. It is necessary to maintain a constant vigilance to work hard in order to achieve one’s goals. Man was created to work, as the saying goes. He sparkles in use and rusts in storage, much like steel.

We can achieve anything and overcome any difficulty in life if we work hard enough. Furthermore, knowing that we have given our all and given our best to whatever work we are doing might help us live a happier life.

Hard work is unquestionably the most important factor in achieving success. What we gain by sweating our brow brings us more enjoyment than what we obtain by chance. As humans, we aspire to accomplish a variety of goals.

To become a reality, these things require a lot of effort. Poverty isn’t the problem; ideality is. When we squander our time, time squanders us as well. Anyone can attain success with hard work. Great people were born in little houses and died in palaces.

As a result, it demonstrates how outstanding labour may lead to success. You will notice improvements in your life once you begin working hard. You’ll become more focused and disciplined in your task.

Furthermore, you will witness benefits in a short period of time. It’s proof that when you work hard, qualities like drive, focus, and concentration come naturally. As a result, nothing will be able to stop you from succeeding.

Success is more than just being well-known and wealthy. It is also a success if you work hard and live a nice life filled with love. Hard work should not be limited to the workplace, but should also be applied to your personal life. Life will prosper if you work hard at your job and in your relationships.

What Exactly Is a Blockchain?

A blockchain is a distributed database that is shared across computer network nodes. A blockchain, like a database, saves information electronically in digital format. Blockchains are well recognised for their critical function in cryptocurrency systems such as Bitcoin in keeping a secure and decentralised record of transactions. The blockchain’s novelty is that it ensures the accuracy and security of a data record and produces trust without the requirement for a trusted third party.

The way data is organised differs significantly between a traditional database and a blockchain. A blockchain accumulates information in groupings known as blocks, which store sets of data.

Blocks have specific storage capabilities and, when full, are closed and connected to the previously filled block, producing the blockchain, a data chain. All new information that follows that newly added block is assembled into a newly formed block, which is then added to the chain once it is complete. A database typically organises its data into tables, but a blockchain, as the name suggests, organises its data into pieces (blocks) that are connected together. When implemented decentralizedly, this data structure creates an irreversible temporal line of data. When a block is completed, it is set in stone and becomes a part of this timeline. When a block is added to the chain, it is given a specific time stamp.

IMPORTANT TAKEAWAYS

Blockchain is a sort of shared database that differs from traditional databases in the way data is stored; blockchains store data in blocks that are then connected together using encryption. As new data arrives, it is added to a new block. Once the block has been filled with data, it is chained onto the preceding block, resulting in the data being chained together in chronological sequence. A blockchain may hold several sorts of data, but its most popular application to date has been as a transaction ledger. In the case of Bitcoin, blockchain is employed in a decentralised manner, such that no single person or organisation has power—rather, all users keep control collectively. Because decentralised blockchains are unchangeable, the data entered is irreversible. In the case of Bitcoin, this implies that all transactions are permanently recorded and accessible to anybody.

How Does a Blockchain Function?

Blockchain’s purpose is to enable digital information to be recorded and disseminated, but not modified. A blockchain, in this sense, serves as the foundation for immutable ledgers, or records of transactions that cannot be changed, erased, or destroyed. As a result, blockchains are often referred to as distributed ledger technology (DLT). The blockchain idea, initially suggested as a research project in 1991, before its first broad use in use: Bitcoin 

Since then, the usage of blockchains has grown exponentially, thanks to the development of multiple cryptocurrencies, decentralized finance (DeFi) apps, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and smart contracts.

Assume a corporation runs a server farm with 10,000 machines that are utilized to manage a database that contains all of its clients’ account information. This corporation owns a warehouse facility that houses all of these computers under one roof and has complete control over each of these systems and all of the information they hold. However, this creates a single point of failure. What happens if the power goes out at that location? What happens if its Internet connection is lost? What if it catches fire and burns to the ground? What if a malicious actor deletes everything with a single keystroke? The data is either lost or damaged in either situation.

A blockchain allows the data in that database to be distributed across several network nodes in different places. This not only adds redundancy but also ensures the integrity of the data contained in the database—if someone tries to change a record in one instance of the database, the other nodes are not affected, preventing a bad actor from doing so. If a single user tampers with Bitcoin’s transaction record, the other nodes will cross-reference each other and readily identify the node with inaccurate information. This approach aids in the establishment of a precise and visible order of occurrences. As a result, no one node in the network may modify the information contained inside it. As a result, information and history (such as cryptocurrency transactions) are irreversible. Such a record might be a list of transactions (like with cryptocurrencies), but it is also feasible for a blockchain to store additional information such as legal contracts, state identifications, or a company’s goods inventory. To validate new entries or records to a block, a majority of the processing power in the decentralised network must agree. Blockchains are protected by a consensus method such as proof of work (PoW) or proof of stake to prevent bad actors from confirming bogus transactions or duplicate spending (PoS). These techniques allow for consensus even when there is no one node in command.

Transparency

Because of the decentralised structure of Bitcoin’s blockchain, all transactions can be transparently watched by owning a personal node or utilising blockchain explorers, which allow anybody to witness transactions taking place in real time. Every node maintains its own copy of the chain, which is updated as new blocks are confirmed and added. This means that you could follow Bitcoin wherever it went if you wanted to. Exchanges, for example, have been hacked in the past, and customers who stored Bitcoin on the exchange lost everything. While the hacker may be completely anonymous, the Bitcoins they obtained are easily traceable. It would be known if the Bitcoins stolen in some of these attacks were relocated or spent someplace.

Of course, the Bitcoin blockchain (as well as the majority of others) stores records that are encrypted. This implies that only the record’s owner may decode it and disclose their identity (using a public-private key pair). As a consequence, blockchain users may stay anonymous while maintaining transparency.

Is Blockchain Trustworthy?

In numerous ways, blockchain technology delivers decentralised security and trust. To begin, new blocks are always kept in a linear and chronological order. That is, they are always added to the blockchain’s “end.” It is exceedingly difficult to go back and change the contents of a block once it has been added to the end of the blockchain unless a majority of the network has achieved a consensus to do so. This is due to the fact that each block has its own hash, as well as the hash of the block before it and the previously mentioned time stamp. A mathematical function converts digital information into a string of numbers and letters to generate hash codes. If that information is changed in any manner, the hash code will change as well. Assume a hacker, who also operates a node on a blockchain network, wishes to change a blockchain and steal bitcoin from everyone else. If they changed their single copy, it would no longer be in sync with everyone else’s copy. When everyone else compares their copies to each other, this one copy will stand out, and the hacker’s version of the chain will be discarded as invalid.

To be successful in such a hack, the hacker must simultaneously possess and change 51 percent or more of the copies of the blockchain, so that their new copy becomes the majority copy and, thus, the agreed-upon chain. . Such an assault would also need a massive amount of money and resources, since they would have to repeat all of the blocks due to the varied time stamps and hash codes. Because of the scale of many cryptocurrency networks and how quickly they are developing, the expense of accomplishing such a feat would very certainly be unattainable. This would be not only exceedingly costly, but also likely futile. Such an action would not go unnoticed by network members, who would detect such substantial changes to the blockchain. Members of the network would then hard fork off to a new version of the chain that was not impacted. This would lead the value of the attacked version of the token to collapse, rendering the attack ultimately futile because the bad actor now controls a worthless asset. The same thing would happen if a bad actor attacked the next Bitcoin fork. It is designed in this manner so that participating in the network is significantly more economically encouraged than attacking it.

Blockchain vs. Bitcoin

Stuart Haber and W. Scott Stornetta, two researchers who aimed to develop a system where document time stamps could not be manipulated with, proposed blockchain technology in 1991. But it wasn’t until nearly two decades later, with the introduction of Bitcoin in January 2009, that blockchain saw its first real-world implementation. A blockchain serves as the foundation for the Bitcoin protocol. Bitcoin’s pseudonymous developer, Satoshi Nakamoto, described the digital currency in a research paper as “a new electronic cash system that’s totally peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.” 2

The crucial point to remember here is that while Bitcoin utilises blockchain to transparently record a ledger of payments, blockchain may theoretically be used to immutably store any amount of data items. As previously said, this might take the shape of transactions, election votes, goods inventories, state identifications, deeds to residences, and much more. Currently, tens of thousands of initiatives are attempting to use blockchains in ways other than transaction recording to benefit society—for example, as a secure means of voting in democratic elections. Because of the immutability of blockchain, fraudulent voting would become much more difficult. A voting system, for example, may be designed such that each citizen of a country receives a separate coin or token. Each candidate would then be assigned a unique wallet address, and voters would transmit their token or cryptocurrency to the address of the candidate for whom they wanted to vote.

what is an NFT?

NFTs are tokens that may be used to indicate ownership of one-of-a-kind goods. They allowed us to tokenize items such as art, valuables, and even real estate. They can only have one official owner at a time and are protected by the Ethereum blockchain — no one can change the record of ownership or create a new NFT.

NFT is an abbreviation for non-fungible token. Non-fungible is an economical word that can be used to items such as your furniture, a song file, or your computer. Because of their distinct features, some goods cannot be substituted with others.

On the other hand, Fungible goods may be swapped since their worth, rather than their unique features, identifies them. NFTs and Ethereum address some of the issues that plague the internet today. As everything becomes increasingly digital, there is a greater need to imitate physical attributes such as scarcity, uniqueness, and evidence of ownership. Not to add that digital objects frequently only function inside the context of their offering.

Characteristics of NFTs

• NFTs are digitally unique; no two NFTs are the same.
• Every NFT must have an owner and this is of public record and easy for anyone to verify.
• NFTs are compatible with anything built using Ethereum. An NFT ticket for an event can be traded on every Ethereum marketplace, for an entirely different NFT. You could trade a piece of art for a ticket!
• Content creators can sell their work anywhere and can access a global market.
• Creators can retain ownership rights over their own work and directly claim resale royalties.

Examples of NFT

The realm of NFT is still in its infancy. In principle, NFTs can cover everything that is unique and requires verifiable ownership. Here are some current examples of NFTs to help you grasp the idea:

• An original piece of digital art
• A one-of-a-kind shoe from a limited-edition fashion brand
• An item in the game
• A paper

How do NFTs function?

NFTs vary from ERC-20 tokens such as DAI or LINK in that each token is totally unique and cannot be divided. NFTs enable the assignment or claim of ownership of any unique piece of digital data, which may be tracked using Ethereum’s blockchain as a public ledger. An NFT is a digital item that is minted as a representation of digital or non-digital assets. An NFT might, for example, represent:

• GIFs and Collectibles: Digital Art
• Music \videos
• Items from the Real World:
• Tickets to a real-world event Deeds to an automobile
• Invoices with tokens
• Documents of legal significance
• Signatures

At any one moment, an NFT can only have one owner. They are not convertible with other tokens on a 1:1 basis. For example, one ETH is the same as another ETH. This is not true of NFTs. Each token has a unique owner, which is easily verified. They are Ethereum-based and may be purchased and traded on any Ethereum-based NFT exchange.

To put it another way, if you own an NFT:

You can simply demonstrate that you own it. Establishing ownership of an NFT is quite similar to proving ownership of ETH in your account. Assume you buy an NFT, and ownership of the one-of-a-kind token is transferred to your wallet through your public address. The token verifies that your digital file copy is the original. Your private key is proof that you possess the original.

The public key of the content producer serves as a certificate of authenticity for that specific digital artefact.

The public key of the originator is basically a permanent part of the token’s history. The creator’s public key can prove that the token you own was generated by a certain person, adding to its market value (vs a counterfeit).

Another technique to demonstrate ownership of the NFT is to sign messages to demonstrate ownership of the private key underlying the address.

As previously stated, your private key serves as proof of ownership of the original. A signed message may be used to prove that you control your private keys without disclosing them to anyone, as well as that you own the NFT! It cannot be manipulated in any manner. You can sell it, and in some situations, the original inventor will get resale royalties. Alternatively, you can keep it indefinitely, confident in the knowledge that your asset is protected by your Ethereum wallet. In addition, if you build an NFT:

• You may simply demonstrate that you are the creator.
• Scarcity is determined by you.
• You can earn royalties on each sale.
• You may sell it on any NFT or peer-to-peer market. You’re not tied to any platform, and you don’t require someone to act as an intermediary.
• Scarcity
• The creator of an NFT has the authority to determine the scarcity of their asset.

Consider purchasing a ticket to a sporting event. The author of an NFT can pick how many replicas exist, much as an event producer can choose how many tickets to sell. These are sometimes exact copies, such as 5000 General Admission tickets. Occasionally, numerous tickets that are extremely similar but somewhat different are minted, such as a ticket with an allocated seat. In another example, the designer may choose to make an NFT of which only one is minted as a very rare collectable. In these instances, each NFT would still have a unique identity (similar to a bar code on a typical “ticket”) and would be owned by a single person. The desired scarcity of the NFT is important and is entirely up to the designer. A developer may seek to make each NFT fully unique in order to promote scarcity, or he or she may have motives to build thousands of clones. Keep in mind that all of this information is available to the public.

Royalties

When some NFTs are sold, they will automatically pay royalties to their inventors. This is a new notion, yet it is one of the most powerful. Every time an Euler Beats Original is sold, the original owner earns an 8% royalty. Furthermore, certain sites, such as Foundation and Zora, provide royalties for its artists. This is entirely automated, allowing authors to just sit back and receive royalties as their work is sold from person to person. Currently, calculating royalties is difficult. At the moment, calculating royalties is highly laborious and inaccurate — many creators are not paid what they deserve. You’ll never miss out if your NFT has a royalty built in. At the moment, calculating royalties is highly laborious and inaccurate — many creators are not paid what they deserve. You’ll never miss out if your NFT has a royalty built in. What is the purpose of NFTs?

Here’s additional information on some of the more established use-cases and ideas for Ethereum-based NFTs.

• Items of digital gaming content
• Names of domains
• Items of physical nature
• Capital and collateral
• Earnings maximisation for creators

The most common use of NFTs nowadays is in the world of digital material. This is because the industry is now broken. Platforms are consuming content providers’ income and earning potential. An artist who publishes work on a social network generates revenue for the podium, which sells advertisements to the artist’s fans. They receive exposure in exchange, but exposure does not pay the bills. NFTs enable a new creative economy in which producers do not give up control of their material to the platforms that publicise it. Ownership is embedded in the material. Ethereum’s carbon footprint will be 99.95% lower once enhanced, making it more energy-efficient than many existing businesses.

To clarify further, we’ll have to get a bit more technical, so please bear with us…

Don’t blame the NFTs.

Because Ethereum is decentralised and safe, the whole NFT ecosystem functions. Decentralized means that you and everyone else can both confirm that you own anything. All without relying on or providing custody to a third party who may impose their own regulations whenever they choose. It also means that your NFT is adaptable to a wide range of products and markets. Secure means that no one can copy/paste or steal your NFT. Because of Ethereum’s characteristics, it is feasible to digitally own unique goods and receive a fair price for your content. When they sell their stuff, the money goes straight to them. If the new owner then sells the NFT, the original developer may be entitled to royalties. Because the creator’s address is part of the token’s information — metadata that cannot be changed – this is ensured every time it is sold.

NFTs’ environmental effect

NFTs are becoming more popular, which means they are being scrutinized more closely, particularly in terms of their carbon footprint.

To be clear on a couple of points:

NFTs have no direct impact on Ethereum’s carbon footprint. Ethereum’s present method of securing your cash and assets is energy-intensive, but it is going to change. But it comes at a price. Blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum are energy heavy since it requires a lot of energy to maintain these properties. If it were simple to modify Ethereum’s past in order to steal NFTs or money, the system would collapse.

The labour involved in minting your NFT

A couple things must happen when you mint an NFT:

• It must be verified as an asset on the blockchain.
• The owner’s account balance must be adjusted to reflect the addition of that asset. This enables it to be exchanged or verifiably “owned” in the future.
• The above-mentioned transactions must be added to a block and “immortalized” on the chain.
• As a result, the block must be verified by everyone in the network.