Major planning theories, their proponents, and the year they were proposed:

major planning theories, their proponents, and the year they were proposed:

1. Rational Planning Theory

• Proponent: Herbert Simon
• Year: 1957
• Key Idea: Decision-making is a rational process involving goal setting, data analysis, and evaluation of alternatives.

2. Incrementalism (Incremental Planning Theory)

• Proponent: Charles E. Lindblom
• Year: 1959
• Key Idea: Planning is a continuous and small-scale adjustment process rather than comprehensive, large-scale changes.

3. Mixed Scanning Model

• Proponent: Amitai Etzioni
• Year: 1967
• Key Idea: Combines aspects of both rational planning and incrementalism by using a hierarchical approach to decision-making.

4. Advocacy Planning

• Proponent: Paul Davidoff
• Year: 1965
• Key Idea: Planners should represent different interest groups and advocate for the needs of marginalized communities.

5. Communicative Planning Theory

• Proponent: Judith Innes, Patsy Healey
• Year: 1980s-1990s
• Key Idea: Emphasizes participatory planning and consensus-building through stakeholder dialogue.

6. Equity Planning

• Proponent: Norman Krumholz
• Year: 1975
• Key Idea: Planning should focus on social justice, ensuring that resources and opportunities are distributed fairly.

7. Strategic Planning

• Proponent: John Bryson
• Year: 1988
• Key Idea: Long-term planning that focuses on setting goals and defining actions to achieve them in a dynamic environment.

8. Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF)

• Proponent: Paul Sabatier
• Year: 1988
• Key Idea: Policy changes occur through the interactions of advocacy coalitions over time.

9. Radical Planning

• Proponent: John Friedmann
• Year: 1987
• Key Idea: Emphasizes grassroots participation and self-reliance in planning.

10. Collaborative Planning

• Proponent: Patsy Healey
• Year: 1997
• Key Idea: Encourages communication and cooperation among various stakeholders to shape urban development.

11. New Urbanism

• Proponent: Andrés Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, Peter Calthorpe
• Year: 1990s
• Key Idea: Promotes walkable neighborhoods, mixed-use developments, and sustainable urban growth.

12. Sustainable Development Theory

• Proponent: Brundtland Commission
• Year: 1987
• Key Idea: Development should meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

13. Smart Growth Theory

• Proponent: Smart Growth Network, Peter Calthorpe
• Year: 1990s
• Key Idea: Encourages compact, transit-oriented, and environmentally friendly urban growth.

14. Complexity Theory in Planning

• Proponent: Michael Batty
• Year: 2005
• Key Idea: Cities and urban systems should be understood as complex, self-organizing entities.