major Urban Planning Models, their proponents, and the year they were proposed:
1. Concentric Zone Model
- Proponent: Ernest Burgess
- Year: 1925
- Key Idea: Cities grow in a series of concentric rings from the center outward, with the central business district (CBD) at the core.
2. Sector Model
- Proponent: Homer Hoyt
- Year: 1939
- Key Idea: Urban growth occurs in sectors or wedges radiating outward from the CBD along transportation corridors.
3. Multiple Nuclei Model
- Proponents: Chauncy Harris & Edward Ullman
- Year: 1945
- Key Idea: Cities develop multiple centers (nuclei) rather than a single CBD, based on specific land uses such as industrial, residential, and commercial areas.
4. Urban Realms Model
- Proponent: James E. Vance Jr.
- Year: 1964
- Key Idea: Metropolitan areas are made up of distinct realms, each functioning independently but connected to the whole.
5. Central Place Theory
- Proponent: Walter Christaller
- Year: 1933
- Key Idea: Explains the spatial arrangement of cities based on market areas, with larger cities providing more specialized services.
6. Rank-Size Rule
- Proponent: George Zipf
- Year: 1949
- Key Idea: The size of a city is inversely proportional to its rank in the urban hierarchy (e.g., the second-largest city is half the size of the largest city).
7. Growth Pole Model
- Proponent: François Perroux
- Year: 1955
- Key Idea: Economic development is concentrated in certain urban “growth poles” that drive regional development.
8. Garden City Model
- Proponent: Ebenezer Howard
- Year: 1898
- Key Idea: Cities should be planned with self-sufficient communities, surrounded by greenbelts, combining the best of urban and rural living.
9. Radiant City (Ville Radieuse)
- Proponent: Le Corbusier
- Year: 1924
- Key Idea: A high-density, modernist city with skyscrapers, large open spaces, and separation of functions.
10. Linear City Model
- Proponent: Arturo Soria y Mata
- Year: 1882
- Key Idea: Cities should develop along linear corridors following transportation routes, minimizing congestion.
11. Broadacre City Model
- Proponent: Frank Lloyd Wright
- Year: 1932
- Key Idea: Cities should have low-density suburban settlements with large land plots for each family, emphasizing individual mobility.
12. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Model
- Proponent: Peter Calthorpe
- Year: 1993
- Key Idea: Urban development should be centered around high-quality public transport systems, with walkable, mixed-use communities.
13. Smart Growth Model
- Proponent: Smart Growth Network (Peter Calthorpe and others)
- Year: 1990s
- Key Idea: Encourages compact, mixed-use, and walkable urban development to reduce urban sprawl.
14. Compact City Model
- Proponent: Dantzig & Saaty
- Year: 1973
- Key Idea: Promotes high-density, mixed-use urban areas with reduced reliance on cars to enhance sustainability.
15. Sustainable City Model
- Proponent: Brundtland Commission
- Year: 1987
- Key Idea: Urban planning should balance environmental, economic, and social sustainability to ensure long-term urban livability.
Track2Training 