Breaking the Laws of Physics

Scientists claim to have finally found out how to make a time crystal, a scientific oddity that could prove to be a watershed event for fundamental physics and quantum physics.

Time crystals take advantage of a physics quirk that allows them to change constantly while being dynamically stable.
In other words, they don’t emit energy when they change conformation, which appears to be a breach of the natural law that states that everything eventually decays into entropy and chaos According to Quanta Magazine, it now appears that these entities may exist after all.

At least, that’s what a large group of researchers from Stanford, Princeton, and other universities working with Google’s quantum computing labs claimed in a preprint paper published last week.

Aside from being an amazing scientific discovery in and of itself — time crystals are a new, strange phase of matter — the discovery could have huge implications for the finicky world of quantum computing. Roderich Moessner, research coauthor and head of the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, told Quanta, “The result is amazing: you circumvent the second law of thermodynamics.”

Computing with Crystals

This research essentially means that specialists believe they’ve worked out how to transport time crystals from theoretical abstraction — a world they’ve been in since they were initially envisioned around a decade ago — to concrete reality, as The Next Web points out.

The authors of the new paper claim to have experimentally demonstrated a time crystal for the first time, putting them ahead of many previous attempts in the field — Quanta points out that many researchers have claimed to have created or observed the first time crystal, including a group of scientists who shared a similarly unverified study in early July, but that none of them were up to snuff.

“There are good reasons to believe that none of those experiments completely succeeded, and a quantum computer like [Google’s] would be particularly well placed to do much better than those earlier experiments,” said John Chalker, a physicist at the University of Oxford who wasn’t involved in the study.

If the new discovery stands up under investigation and someone succeeds to put these time crystals to use in a practical fashion, we may soon be living in a world with practical, powerful quantum computers that can do all we’ve been led to believe they can.

The worldwide spyware industry has been operating in the shadows for years, with only human rights organisations and journalists exposing it. According to the industry, it is in the business of combating crime and terrorism. However, its members frequently sell to governments that conflate the terms “criminal” and “terrorist” with “critic” and “dissent.”

Over the weekend, Forbidden Stories, a Paris-based media foundation, teamed up with a global consortium of news organisations, including the Post, to expose how phoney the promises of combating crime and terror are. According to the consortium, Israel’s NSO Group has marketed their signature spyware, Pegasus, to clients who have used it against the basic pillars of democratic life: press freedom, telecommunications freedom, and freedom of expression.

Pegasus, like other tools, converts journalists’ phones, opposition lawmakers’ phones, and nonviolent activists’ phones into real-time spying devices. Hundreds of journalists and politicians from Hungary, India, Mexico, Morocco, and other countries are among the phone numbers named as spyware targets in a leaked list.

Hundreds of companies compete for a slice of the lucrative private surveillance pie all around the world. Some apps allow for intrusions into a person’s phone or tablet. Others create surveillance software, malicious facial recognition software, direct access to Internet traffic, and user data and communications.

They sell and service their products to government clients regardless of their status. We are on the verge of a worldwide surveillance technology disaster, with an avalanche of tools being shared across borders and governments failing to impose export or usage restrictions.

The international community needs to act to rein in the global spyware industry. The following should be included in the endeavour. To begin, states should impose a ban on the sale and transfer of spyware technology until a worldwide export policy can detect and restrict these tools.

Governments should negotiate a regime that, among other things, carefully defines the technologies in question; requires transparent human-rights assessments for the development and transfer of any such tools; includes a public registry of tools, companies, and clients; and allows public comment in the case of any export application. If a worldwide regime fails to be bold enough, democratic countries should agree to prohibit both domestic and international use of spyware.

The European Union just took a small step toward regulating surveillance technology trade, not only because of the threat to national security, but also because of the threat to human rights. However, the fact that Viktor Orban’s government in Hungary is listed as a client of NSO Group in the Pegasus Project demonstrates why simply regulating the trade in spyware systems is insufficient. After all, European officials are disingenuous in seeking restrictions on the trade in spyware systems when Europeans market the techniques of choice. It’s even more difficult to be credible when the European Union uses the latest spyware techniques to track dissent.

Israel’s double standard is particularly evident. NSO Group, as well as other spyware companies such as Candiru, which Microsoft accused of selling tools to get into Windows last week, are based in the country. It is critical that Israel reins in its spyware industry and joins democratic nations in combating the spread of technology that mimic commercial intelligence agencies. Second, export control isn’t the only instrument at your disposal for limiting spyware’s propagation.

For any use of spyware, governments adopting these technologies must establish transparent, rule-of-law-based criteria. Any government that does not adopt such rules — or has a history of abuse — should be placed on a global no-transfer list. Democracies and authoritarian governments are likely to split out soon. Third, spyware victims must be allowed to sue governments and firms participating in the monitoring sector.

Individuals are frequently victimised by agents working beyond their boundaries due to the prevalence of transnational repression, while domestic law frequently creates impediments to accountability. Those impediments must be removed. Finally, multi-stakeholder constraints must be imposed on the firms themselves. The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, a global benchmark for corporate human rights practise, are said to be followed by the NSO Group. It, on the other hand, does not subject its policy to any independent review.

The international community should work toward a worldwide code of behaviour and halt the growth of spyware for repression, taking a leaf from the campaign to control the private mercenary sector. The current discoveries regarding NSO’s Pegasus software’s reach and dangers are the latest, and hopefully final, wake-up call for the private spyware sector to be reined in.

Who was Amar Bose?

Amar Bose, the brilliant mind behind the formation of the Bose Corporation, a brand synonymous with exceptional excellence in the domains of acoustics and sound systems, was a forerunner of his time. He was born and reared in the United States, and he began demonstrating his sharp mind and business abilities at a young age. He was fascinated by electronics since he was a boy, and he spent hours disassembling and repairing radio sets. He had no idea how useful his abilities would be throughout the conflict! During World War II, while his father’s business was struggling, young Amar offered to assist him with his own business enterprise. He repaired radios every day after school and contributed to his family’s income. Recognizing his son’s abilities, his father, despite his lack of financial means, arranged for him to attend the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He began his work as a teacher and has always had a passion for study. He eventually founded the Bose Corporation, which went on to become a pioneer in speaker technology and psychoacoustics. Despite the fact that his primary goal was never to generate money, his company did exceptionally well, and he was ranked among the world’s wealthiest individuals in 2007.

Childhood and Adolescence

Amar Bose was born in Pennsylvania to a Bengali father and an American mother. Noni Gopal Bose, his father, was an Indian independence fighter who was frequently imprisoned for his political activities, prompting him to flee to the United States. Charlotte, his mother, was a schoolteacher with French and German descent.
He attended and graduated from Abington Senior High School. He had a fascination with electronics since he was a child, and he liked to disassemble and study radio sets.
Due to shipping constraints, his father’s business of importing coconut-fiber doormats from India became difficult during WWII. Amar proposed that they open a radio repair shop, and he spent his after-school hours repairing radios and boosting the family’s income.
His father, impressed by his young son’s abilities, chose to send him to the greatest college in the country, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In 1947, his father took out a $10,000 loan to send his son to MIT. He intended to study at MIT for two years, but ended up remaining for nine, during which time he earned his BS and then went on to obtain his PhD in Electrical Engineering for his thesis on nonlinear systems.

Career

A lover of classical music, he bought an expensive stereo system which was theoretically supposed to produce high quality sound. However on using it he found that it produced very inferior sound, a realization that motivated him to research on the topic.
Upon his graduation he became an Assistant Professor in MIT though he was equally interested in research. He went on teach at MIT for 45 years.
During the early 1960s, he invented a new type of stereo speaker which made use of multiple smaller speakers. His PhD mentor at the MIT, Dr. Y. W. Lee motivated him to pursue long term research in acoustics. Thus in 1964, he founded his own company, the Bose Corporation that specialized Career He acquired a costly stereo system, which was allegedly meant to generate excellent quality sound, because he was a classical music fan. However, after utilising it, he discovered that it produced poor sound, prompting him to conduct further research.
He became an Assistant Professor at MIT after graduation, despite his passion in research. He went on to teach for 45 years at MIT. He designed a new sort of stereo speaker in the early 1960s that used numerous smaller speakers. Dr. Y. W. Lee, his PhD advisor at MIT, encouraged him to undertake long-term acoustic research. As a result, in 1964, he formed the Bose Corporation, a corporation that specialised in audio.
Bose aimed to develop the next generation of speakers. He invented the 901 Direct/Reflecting speaker system in 1968, which helped him become the market leader in audio components. He continued his groundbreaking work in this field by developing the Bose Wave radio and Bose noise-cancelling headphones. These ideas were so successful that pilots from both the military and the commercial sector embraced them.
Bose was committed to research and developed software that allowed acoustic engineers to recreate sound from each seat in a large hall. This was utilised in the Staples Center in Los Angeles, the Sistine Chapel, and several other places. Despite the fact that Bose was more concerned with changing acoustics and speaker systems than with making money, his company prospered due to the high quality items it developed.
Automobile manufacturers such as Mercedes and Porsche began integrating Bose audio systems in their vehicles in the 1980s. Until 2001, he was a professor at MIT, where he used unusual teaching methods to engage his pupils. In 2011, he gave MIT the bulk of his company’s non-voting shares under the condition that they never be sold.

Achievements & Awards

For his “exceptional contributions to consumer electronics in sound reproduction, industry leadership, and engineering education,” he received the IEEE/RSE Wolfson James Clerk Maxwell Award in 2010. In 2014, the Association of Loudspeaker Manufacturing & Acoustics International presented him with the Beryllium Lifetime Achievement Award, which he received posthumously.

First of all What are black holes and how do they form?

A black hole is generated when a star dies with such a strong gravitational field that stuff is crushed into the little region underneath it, trapping the dead star’s light. Because matter is crammed into such a smallspace, gravity is extremely powerful. People cannot perceive black holes because no light can escape. They are undetectable.

Astronomers have spotted light behind a black hole for the first time, despite the fact that black holes are notorious for allowing no light to escape.

Black Holes, a massive emptiness capable of engulfing anything in its path, are notable for their vast gloomy blackness, which prevents light from passing through. For the first time, astronomers have spotted light from behind a black hole.

Researchers observed strong X-Ray flares erupting from a supermassive black hole at the centre of another galaxy, which is almost 800 million light-years away, deep in the universe. The new discovery is likely to alter our view of the universe’s largest baddies, which are capable of sucking planets and stars while defying gravitational forces.

The research published in the journal Nature reported the observations of X-ray flares emitted from ar0ound the supermassive black hole and its accretion disk. It is already known that the black hole’s extreme gravitational field redirects and distorts light coming from different parts of the disk.

Detecting light behind a black hole

Researchers were researching the region known as the corona when they noticed the light. It’s a type of X-Ray light produced by materials colliding with a supermassive black hole that can be used to map and characterise them.

However, the telescope picked up unexpected “luminous echoes”, smaller flashes, which were of a different colour than bright flashes. Analysis of the X-ray flares revealed short flashes of photons consistent with the re-emergence of emission from behind the black hole.

“These photons’ energy shifts reveal their origins from various areas of the disc. Photons that ricochet off the disk’s far side are curved around the black hole and intensified by the intense gravitational field “According to the study’s findings.

As photons bend around the black hole, the bright flare confirms Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. Although it has long been known that any light that enters a black hole does not exit and cannot be seen again, astrophysicists believe they were able to glimpse the light because black holes warp space and bend light as the magnetic field surrounding them twists.

Ratan Tata, full name Ratan Naval Tata,(born December 28, 1937, Bombay[now Mumbai], India) ,Indian businessman who served as chairman of the Tata Group, a Mumbai based conglomerate ( 1991-2012 and 201617).

He was educated at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, where he earned a B.S. (1962) in  architecture before returning to work in India. He was born into a prominent family of Indian industrialists and philanthropists (Tata family).

He gained experience in a number of Tata Group. companies before being named director in charge of one of them, the National Radio and Electronics Co., in 1971

.A decade later, he became chairman of Tata Industries, and in 1991, he succeeded his uncle, J.R.D.Tata, as chairman of the Tata Group. Tata aggressively sought to expand the conglomerate after taking over a CEO, and he increasingly focused on globalising its businesses. In 2000, the group paid $431.3 million for London based Tetley Tea, and in2004, it paid $102 million for Daewoo Motors’ truck manufacturing operations.

 Tata Steel completed the largest corporate takeover by an Indian company in 2007 when it paid $11.3billion for the giant Anglo Dutch steel manufacturer Corus Group. Tata oversaw Tata Motors’ purchase of the prestigious British car brands Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford Motor Company in 2008. The $2.3 billion transaction was the largest ever acquisition by an Indian automaker.

The Tata Nano, a tiny rear engine ,pod shaped vehicle with a starting price of around 100,000 Indian rupees, or about $2,000, was introduced the following year. Despite being only slightly more than 10 feet (3 metres) long and about5 feet(1.5 metres) wide, the much touted “People’s Car” could seat up to five adults and, in Tata’s words, would provide a “safe, affordable, all weather form of transport” to millions of middle- and lower-income consumers both in India and abroad.

Tata stepped down as chairman of the Tata Group in December 2012. Following the ouster of his successor, Cyrus Mistry he briefly served as interim chairman beginning in October 2016.Natarajan Chandrasekhar  was appointed as the chairman of the Tata Company in January 2017, and Tata returned to retirement.

Among many other honours bestowed upon him during his career, Tata received the Padma Bhushan, one of India’s most distinguished civilian awards, in 2000.

“I came close to getting married four times and each time I backed off in fear or for one reason or another,” Ratan Tata said in 2011.Ratan Tata recently revealed that he had a crush on a girl while working in Los Angeles. Because one of his family members was ill, he had to return to India, but the girl’s parents refused to allow her to accompany Tata.

Before you go do you know

Ratan Tata has a pilot’s licence and is a trained pilot. He is the first civilian to fly an F-16 fighter

Deep in the Indian Ocean, you’ll come across North Sentinel Island, supposedly the most dangerous and hardest place to visit on the planet. The place is so dangerous in fact that the Indian government has banned its peoples from going anywhere near it
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands Protection of Aboriginal Tribes Act of 1956[9] prohibits travel to the island and any approach closer than five nautical miles (9.26 km) in order to prevent the resident tribes people ( The Sentinelese) from contracting diseases to which they have no immunity

Who Are The Sentinelese?

The Sentinelese are the most isolated tribe in the world, and have captured the imagination of millions. They live on their own small forested island called North Sentinel, which is approximately the size of Manhattan. They continue to resist all contact with outsiders, attacking anyone who comes near.
they are incredibly hostile to outsiders and are extremely unwilling to communicate with people who aren’t their own. They are so adverse to any outside contact that they actually attacked and murdered two fishermen who washed up on shore back in 2006.
Exactly how many people live on the island is unknown, but estimates range from anywhere between 50 and 400 dwellers.

Contact with Sentinelese

In the late 1800s, India was considered one of Britain’s major colonial outposts. British officers regulated different communities in the region — often violently.

A British naval officer, Maurice Vidal Portman, oversaw the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and documented the Andamanese tribes in the late 1800s.

Portman and his team — which included trackers from other Andamanese tribes he’d already made contact with — ventured to North Sentinel in 1880. They came upon an elderly couple and four children, who they took back to Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The elderly couple “sickened rapidly” and died, possibly from lack of immunity to diseases the British carried, and the children were sent back to the island with gifts, according to Portman’s account of his trip.

Since the 1800s, there have been a number of recorded contacts with the tribe, and anthropologists have made regular visits since the 1960s.

After several expeditions trying to establish contact, their first real breakthrough came in 1991 when the tribe came out to peacefully approach them in the ocean
The first peaceful contact with the Sentinelese was made by Triloknath Pandit, a director of the Anthropological Survey of India, and his colleagues on 4 January 1991.

However thereafter had been lot of contacts with the Sentinelese which were not so friendly and rather violent.

That’s why the island is forbidden and The Sentinelese are kept isolated.