Research Associate, Track2Training, New Delhi, India

PhD Senior Research Fellow (SRF)
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India – 462003

📧 Email: dilipverma1505@gmail.com
📱 Mobile: +91 7509750540
🔗 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0526-3171
🔗 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dileep-verma-41b811325/
🔗 ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dileep-Verma-7
🔗 Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ude17KQAAAAJ&hl=en

PROFESSIONAL HEADLINE

PhD Research Scholar at MANIT Bhopal | Public Policy Researcher | Affirmative Action, Reservation Policy & Dalit Studies | Quantitative Analysis | Stata | SmartPLS | R

PROFESSIONAL PROFILE

Dileep Verma is a PhD Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal. His doctoral research examines the impact of caste-based reservation policies on Scheduled Castes (SCs) in Madhya Pradesh, with a particular focus on educational access, socio-economic mobility, policy effectiveness, and social justice outcomes.

He holds a Master’s degree in Political Science from Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, where he was awarded the Gold Medal for academic excellence. The award was conferred by the Hon’ble President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu.

His research interests lie at the intersection of public policy, affirmative action, reservation policy, educational equity, social inclusion, and Dalit studies. He employs quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method approaches to analyse policy outcomes and social inequalities. His work has been published in internationally recognized Scopus-indexed and ESCI-indexed journals.

He has actively participated in numerous national and international conferences, seminars, workshops, faculty development programmes, and research methodology training programmes. His scholarly contributions focus on reservation policy, affirmative action, social justice, educational inequality, higher education access, and the socio-economic development of marginalized communities.

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

PhD (Ongoing)

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal
December 2021 – Present

Research Title:
A Study of the Impact of Caste-Based Reservation Policy on Scheduled Castes (SCs) Communities in the State of Madhya Pradesh

Master of Arts (Political Science)

Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow
2019 – 2021

Dissertation:
Reservation Policy Perspective to Scheduled Community

Achievement: Gold Medalist

Bachelor of Arts

Political Science, History and Social Sciences
2014 – 2017

RESEARCH INTERESTS

• Public Policy and Governance
• Reservation Policy and Affirmative Action
• Dalit Studies and Social Justice
• Educational Equity and Higher Education
• Social Inclusion and Social Mobility
• Policy Evaluation and Impact Assessment
• Caste, Inequality and Development
• Quantitative and Mixed-Methods Research

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS

Research and Policy Analysis

• Public Policy Research
• Policy Evaluation and Impact Assessment
• Literature Reviews and Evidence Synthesis
• Survey Design and Field Research
• Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods
• Academic Writing and Scientific Publishing

Statistical and Analytical Skills

• Stata
• SmartPLS (PLS-SEM)
• R (Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny)
• SPSS
• Microsoft Excel
• Data Visualization

Advanced Methods

• Logistic Regression
• Firth Logistic Regression
• Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
• Fairlie Decomposition
• Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition
• Bibliometric Analysis
• Systematic and Structured Literature Reviews

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE

Senior Research Fellow (SRF)

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal
December 2021 – Present

Key Responsibilities

• Conducting household-level field surveys across multiple districts of Madhya Pradesh.
• Designing research instruments and survey questionnaires.
• Performing quantitative and qualitative data analysis.
• Evaluating public policies related to reservation and affirmative action.
• Preparing journal articles, policy reports, and conference papers.
• Conducting literature reviews and evidence synthesis.

PUBLICATIONS

• Published research articles in Scopus-indexed journals.
• Published research articles in Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) journals.
• Published scholarly work in the fields of:
  • Reservation Policy
  • Affirmative Action
  • Social Justice
  • Dalit Studies
  • Higher Education
  • Public Policy
  • Educational Equity

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS

Presented research papers at numerous National and International Conferences on:

• Reservation Policy
• Affirmative Action
• Social Justice
• Public Policy
• Educational Inclusion
• Higher Education
• Dalit Studies
• Social Mobility and Development

WORKSHOPS AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES

Participated in various national and international:

• Research Methodology Workshops
• Quantitative Data Analysis Workshops
• Academic Writing Workshops
• Public Policy Workshops
• Bibliometric Analysis Training Programmes
• Faculty Development Programmes (FDPs)
• Higher Education and Social Inclusion Workshops
• Research Ethics and Publication Workshops

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS

• Gold Medal Recipient, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow.
• Award conferred by the Hon’ble President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu.
• Senior Research Fellow (SRF), MANIT Bhopal.
• Published in Scopus and ESCI indexed journals.
• Presenter at national and international academic conferences.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the information provided above is true and correct to the best of my knowledge.

Dileep Verma
PhD Senior Research Fellow
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal

1️⃣ What is Cash Flow?

Cash Flow refers to the movement of money into and out of a project over a specific period of time.

In architecture and planning projects, cash flow helps determine:

• Project liquidity
• Financial sustainability
• Timing of expenditures and revenues
• Funding requirements
• Project feasibility

Unlike profit, cash flow focuses on actual money movement, not accounting estimates.

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2️⃣ Types of Cash Flow in Planning Projects

1. Initial Cash Outflow

• Land purchase
• Construction cost
• Consultant fees
• Approval fees
• Infrastructure development

2. Operating Cash Inflows

• Sales revenue
• Rental income
• Parking fees
• Service charges
• Government grants

3. Operating Cash Outflows

• Maintenance
• Utility expenses
• Management cost
• Loan repayment

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3️⃣ Basic Formula of Cash Flow

🔹 Single Period Cash Flow

$$Net\ Cash\ Flow = Cash\ Inflows – Cash\ Outflows$$Net Cash Flow=Cash Inflows−Cash Outflows

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🔹 Multi-Year Cash Flow

$$Net\ Cash\ Flow_t = Inflow_t – Outflow_t$$Net Cash Flowt​=Inflowt​−Outflowt​

Where:

• $t$t = year or time period

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🔹 Total Project Cash Flow

$$Total\ Net\ Cash\ Flow = \sum (Cash\ Inflows) – \sum (Cash\ Outflows)$$Total Net Cash Flow=∑(Cash Inflows)−∑(Cash Outflows)

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4️⃣ Importance of Cash Flow in Architecture & Planning

Cash flow analysis helps:

• Determine funding gaps
• Plan construction phases
• Decide project phasing
• Manage loans and EMIs
• Evaluate real estate feasibility
• Assess infrastructure viability

Without positive cash flow, even profitable projects can fail due to liquidity issues.

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5️⃣ Detailed Examples in Architecture and Planning Context

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✅ Example 1: Residential Apartment Project (3-Year Development)

Initial Investment (Year 0)

• Land = ₹40,00,000
• Construction = ₹50,00,000
• Other Costs = ₹10,00,000

Total Outflow (Year 0) = ₹1,00,00,000

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Year 1

Sales Revenue = ₹30,00,000
Expenses = ₹5,00,000$$Net\ Cash\ Flow_1 = 30,00,000 – 5,00,000$$Net Cash Flow1​=30,00,000−5,00,000 $$= ₹25,00,000$$=₹25,00,000

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Year 2

Sales Revenue = ₹50,00,000
Expenses = ₹10,00,000$$Net\ Cash\ Flow_2 = 50,00,000 – 10,00,000$$Net Cash Flow2​=50,00,000−10,00,000 $$= ₹40,00,000$$=₹40,00,000

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Year 3

Sales Revenue = ₹45,00,000
Expenses = ₹5,00,000$$Net\ Cash\ Flow_3 = 45,00,000 – 5,00,000$$Net Cash Flow3​=45,00,000−5,00,000 $$= ₹40,00,000$$=₹40,00,000

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Total Cash Flow Over Project

Total Inflows = ₹1,25,00,000
Total Outflows = ₹1,00,00,000 + ₹20,00,000

Total Outflows = ₹1,20,00,000$$Net\ Cash\ Flow = 1,25,00,000 – 1,20,00,000$$Net Cash Flow=1,25,00,000−1,20,00,000 $$= ₹5,00,000$$=₹5,00,000

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✅ Example 2: Commercial Office Building (Rental Model)

Initial Construction Cost

₹5,00,00,000 (Year 0)

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Annual Rental Income = ₹80,00,000

Annual Maintenance = ₹20,00,000

$$Net\ Cash\ Flow_{Annual} = 80,00,000 – 20,00,000$$Net Cash FlowAnnual​=80,00,000−20,00,000 $$= ₹60,00,000$$=₹60,00,000

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If calculated for 5 years:$$60,00,000 \times 5 = ₹3,00,00,000$$60,00,000×5=₹3,00,00,000

Remaining investment recovery after 5 years:$$5,00,00,000 – 3,00,00,000 = ₹2,00,00,000$$5,00,00,000−3,00,00,000=₹2,00,00,000

This shows project still needs 2–3 more years to break even.

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✅ Example 3: Urban Parking Facility

Initial Investment = ₹2,50,00,000

Annual Parking Revenue = ₹70,00,000
Annual Operating Cost = ₹30,00,000$$Net\ Cash\ Flow_{Annual} = 70,00,000 – 30,00,000$$Net Cash FlowAnnual​=70,00,000−30,00,000 $$= ₹40,00,000$$=₹40,00,000

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Payback Period:$$2,50,00,000 ÷ 40,00,000 = 6.25\ years$$2,50,00,000÷40,00,000=6.25 years

👉 The project will recover its cost in approximately 6.25 years.

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6️⃣ Cash Flow Statement Structure (Project-Based)

Year	Inflows	Outflows	Net Cash Flow
0	0	1,00,00,000	-1,00,00,000
1	30,00,000	5,00,000	25,00,000
2	50,00,000	10,00,000	40,00,000
3	45,00,000	5,00,000	40,00,000

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7️⃣ Applications of Cash Flow in Planning

✔ Phasing of Urban Projects

• Township development
• TOD corridor development
• Smart city implementation

✔ Infrastructure Planning

• Metro station development
• Bus terminals
• Multi-level parking

✔ Sustainability Investments

• Green building features
• Solar installations
• Water treatment systems

✔ Public-Private Partnerships (PPP)

Cash flow determines:

• Concession period
• Revenue sharing
• Viability gap funding

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8️⃣ Advantages of Cash Flow Analysis

• Shows liquidity position
• Helps manage loans
• Identifies funding gaps
• Supports phased development
• Essential for DPR preparation

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9️⃣ Limitations

• Does not consider time value of money (unless discounted)
• Future cash flow projections may be uncertain
• Ignores social and environmental benefits

For advanced analysis, planners combine cash flow with:

• Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)
• Net Present Value (NPV)
• Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

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🔟 Conclusion

Cash Flow analysis is a fundamental financial tool in architecture and urban planning projects. It helps:

• Track money movement
• Plan project phasing
• Evaluate feasibility
• Assess infrastructure viability
• Ensure financial sustainability

For architects and planners, understanding cash flow is essential for preparing financially realistic and implementable projects.