Biodiversity is a significant element for the subsistence of life on earth. It maintains the ecological stability and assists the functioning of the ecosystem, which is necessary to provide support and regulation to the environment. Basically, Biodiversity is the variation among the living organisms, including plants, animals, fungi as well as bacteria from different sources including terrestrial, marine and desert ecosystems; it describes the richness and diversity of life on earth. The term biodiversity was coined in 1985, it includes both the natural as well as artificial ecosystems. Thus, it is of immense ecological and economic significance, biodiversity is an important feature of the planet and there will be no life without it. It provides us with necessary nourishment, fulfills our needs of housing, fuel, clothing, etc. and also help the nation to extract monetary benefits through tourist activities.

The research studies highlight that there are around 8.7 million species of plants and animals that are currently existing on the earth, however, we have been able to identify only 1.2 million species so far. It is an astonishing discovery that a number of species are found co-existing in a single ecosystem, it includes smallest creatures to the largest that can be seen through naked eyes. All these species work in a chain to ensure their survival, maintain the ecosystem and also provide certain benefits to the human begins.

However, the increasing human population and rapid rise in the consumption and other activities has disturbed and even destroyed the ecosystem. The pollution, climate changes, continuous changes in the consumption patters has threatened the ecological balance and also affected the biodiversity of the planet. It is predicted by the expert scientists and researchers that, with this pace, half of the species will go extinct with the next century and this is adversely affect the interrelation between the different creatures. Over the last years, Australis has witnessed the largest decline in the biodiversity of the continent. The world’s biodiversity is facing the threat and pressure of fragmentation and degradation, spread of invasive species, climate change, inappropriate fire regimes, etc. Therefore, it becomes necessary to conserve and preserve the biodiversity and protect the endangered species.

The Biodiversity Conservation refers to the protection, preservation and management of the ecosystem and natural habits to ensure the health functioning. The basic aims of biodiversity conservation are to protect and preserve species diversity, to ensure the sustainable management of the species and to prevent the ecological imbalance. Given below is a list of some general steps that can be taken towards the conservation of the biodiversity and maintenance of the ecological balance:

• Government Legislation

Government is the regulatory body of the nation and has the supreme power to control the activities that can be a threat to the biodiversity. Thus, the government should understand its responsibility and distribute its power with the other authorities to adopt measures to conserve the biodiversity. Also, the government can enforce lays and regulations to regulate the activities in a manner that is doesn’t cause any harm to the environment.

For the same, several bills and action plans have been passed by the Parliament in India as well as the need for biodiversity conservation has been understood and the National Mission on Biodiversity and Human Well-Being has been set to bring the society’s attention to the biodiversity conservation. The efforts can be made in setting up the nature preserves, i.e., national parks to protect the regions and the organisms living there. It can be also economically beneficial by allowing the tourists to visit these areas and understand the ecosystems from nearby.

• Reducing the amount of Invasive Species

Invasive species are sometimes introduced to an area on purpose, but also sometimes by accident. To limit the number of invasive species moved by accident planes, ships, and cargo must be thoroughly checked before it is offloaded in a new country. Additionally, people should not bring new species of animals or plants to an area without consulting ecologists knowledgeable on the region.

• Habitat Restoration

The human lifestyle and their expansion activities have affected the area available for other living organisms on the earth. Thus, the improvement can be made by returning or retransformation of an area into its natural state. This means the plants and animals that have being naturally found and lived there, are provided back with their homes. This can be a great way to restore the harm done to the biodiversity and also help in reducing the further threat. These projects can be undertaking by government authorities or the local NGOs along with the assistance to the citizens.

• Sustainability and Sustainable Development

The society should adopt the habit to consume naturally made eco-friendly products and avoid the usage of harmful chemically made products and goods. This will be beneficial for the biodiversity as well as ensure good health to the human begins. Thus, the individuals should promote the consumption of the eco-friendly products, so that it can support its production at a large scale.  

Development and expansion are necessary; however, the present development should be planned in such a manner that it doesn’t affect the future living standard, it is called sustainable development. The development done with keeping in mind the availability of sufficient resources for the future generation, is the best form of development.

Thus, it can be concluded that the need for Biodiversity Conservation is necessary and it can be done only through the collective efforts of every member of the society. It is not the sole responsibility of the government or governmental authorities and demands complete support and cooperation of the citizens of the nation.