what after petrol.

Petrol is the byproduct of crude oil which is extracted from deep sources beneath the earth. Which is further filtered to produce diesel, kerosene, etc. Now the 98% of the vehicles in the world are running on petrol and which is the major cause of pollution nowadays, only the Cars and Trucks are responsible for about 5% contributor to the pollution alone in which the main fuel of source is petrol with diesel. With the increase in use of petrol as the main source of fuel the carbon emission have seen an increment of an about 100% in last 100 years.

Petrol is a sustainable source of fuel as of now, till they are availability. But after the extinction of the petrol, we need to find more sources of the fuel which can take the place of petrol.next generation of fuels are as follows :

1.Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a clean fuel that can be used in fuel cell, in which the byproduct only water is produced. Hydrogen can be produced from a various means of resources , such as natural gas, nuclear power, biomass, and renewable power like solar and wind. These qualities make hydrogen an attractive fuel option for transportation and electricity generation application. It can be used in cars, in houses, and in many more appliances for a clean energy.

Production of Hydrogen is done by various methods.

1.THERMAL PROCESSES

Thermal processes for hydrogen production typically involve steam reforming, a high-temperature process in which steam reacts with a hydrocarbon fuel to produce hydrogen. Many hydrocarbon fuels can be reformed to produce hydrogen, including natural gas, diesel, renewable liquid fuels, gasified coal, or gasified biomass. Today, about 95% of all hydrogen is produced from steam reforming of natural gas.

2.ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSES

Water can be separated into oxygen and hydrogen through a process called electrolysis. Electrolytic processes take place in an electrolyzer, which functions much like a fuel cell in reverse—instead of using the energy of a hydrogen molecule, like a fuel cell does, an electrolyzer creates hydrogen from water molecules.

3.BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Biological processes use microbes such as bacteria and microalgae and can produce hydrogen through biological reactions. In microbial biomass conversion, the microbes break down organic matter like biomass or wastewater to produce hydrogen, while in photobiological processes the microbes use sunlight as the energy source.

These are some methods by which hydrogen can be produced.

2.Electricity

Electricity is highly recommended source of energy as it is widely adopted by the mankind in the hole world. This type of energy is the clean and clear. And can be produced by various processes such renewable energy and non renewable energy.

1.Renewable Energy

• Solar energy

Sunlight is one of our planet’s most abundant and freely available energy resources. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth’s surface in one hour is more than the planet’s total energy requirements for a whole year. Although it sounds like a perfect renewable energy source, the amount of solar energy we can use varies according to the time of day and the season of the year as well as geographical location. In the UK, solar energy is an increasingly popular way to supplement your energy usage.

• Wind Energy

Wind is a plentiful source of clean energy. Wind farms are an increasingly familiar sight in the UK with wind power making an ever-increasing contribution to the National Grid. To harness electricity from wind energy, turbines are used to drive generators which then feed electricity into the National Grid. Although domestic or ‘off-grid’ generation systems are available, not every property is suitable for a domestic wind turbine.

• Hydro energy

As a renewable energy resource, hydro power is one of the most commercially developed. By building a dam or barrier, a large reservoir can be used to create a controlled flow of water that will drive a turbine, generating electricity. This energy source can often be more reliable than solar or wind power (especially if it’s tidal rather than river) and also allows electricity to be stored for use when demand reaches a peak. Like wind energy, in certain situations hydro can be more viable as a commercial energy source (dependant on type and compared to other sources of energy) but depending very much on the type of property, it can be used for domestic, ‘off-grid’ generation.

There are even more processes such as tidal energy, biomass energy.

2. non renewable energy

• Coal

Coal comes from the remains of plants that died hundreds of millions of years ago. It has the highest level of carbon of all fossil fuels.

• Oil

Oil – also known as petroleum – can be extracted and refined in order to make products such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.

• Natural Gas

Natural gas was formed from the remains of tiny sea plants and animals that died millions of years ago. It is mainly composed of methane.

• Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy is released when atoms’ nuclei are fused together (fusion) or split apart (fission). Nuclear power plants produce electricity through nuclear fission.