Cryptocurrency is a type of digital currency that generally only exists electronically. There is no physical coin or bill unless you use a service that allows you to cash in cryptocurrency for a physical token. You usually exchange cryptocurrency with someone online, with your phone or computer, without using an intermediary like a bank. Bitcoin and Ether are well-known cryptocurrencies, but there are many different cryptocurrency brands, and new ones are continuously being created.

More recently, in the last week of March 2021, the government made it mandatory for companies to disclose investments made in cryptocurrencies. The move was welcomed by the crypto sector operating in the country. Experts said this move would open the door for all Indian companies to have Crypto on their balance sheets. “It will bring in a lot of transparency and will act as a comfort for Indian companies which are dealing in crypto-assets and were previously confused on how to put it in their books,” said Sumit Gupta, CEO & Co-founder, CoinDCX.

Slowly but steadily sentiments in favour of cryptocurrency is building in the country. In what form cryptocurrency would be acceptable to Indian lawmakers and regulators remains to be seen. However, the good thing for crypto lovers in the country is that discussions on this topic are not dead. Rather, they are getting louder even as cryptocurrency is not fully backed by the law. In the Parliament also, several members have been recently raising the issue of cryptocurrency/Bitcoin. In the month of March alone, at least five questions related to cryptocurrency were raised in Parliament. Here’s a look at the questions asked and the Government’s official responses.

So there is a less chance that crypto could be the future as the it is not backed by law or there is any evidence present for the transactions.

Finally a long political battle in West Bengal has come to an end . The result is however unexpected .The polls were in the favour of BJP but nothing went according to what the BJP has planned. The mass gatherings in the state has no result and has not enabled the Centre led party to take away the West Bengal election.


Massive Outrage of corona virus :

In this unprecedented times when the entire country is going through the pandemic ,it will not be wrong to say that the main reason behind this massive surge in covid cases is because of the huge rallies in the state .

Do anyone saw anybody wearing mask or even following the covid protocols set up by the government. Oh wait a second not even the Prime Minister was seen wearing a mask while attending the rallies .

And now when the oppositional parties are commenting on this blunder of the centre
then the BJP is seen continuously putting down the voices of the opposition parties by saying that they are playing dirty politics.

The oxygen Shortage :

Finally after a long fight now the eyes of the Centre are open and now they are seen working to arrange the vaccines for the massive population of the country. Now the country is in such an unprecedented times that it has to borrow the basic medicines and others neccessities from the rest of the world .

The ” Pharmacy of the World ” has to borrow the medical resources from the rest of the world .

The Conclusion :

The condition of the country can still be controlled by the government . What
is needed is massive vaccination by the government to all sections of the society
and mainly the poor and rural sections of the society which constitute a vital part
of the society .

Life after lockdown
1. Embrace contactless greetings
Planning to shake hands? Think again. Immediately after COVID-19 struck, there were visuals of world leaders ditching the handshake and using the ‘Namaste’ greeting. The Namaste is a form of greeting used in India that does not involve contact with the other person, unlike a handshake.

With social distancing being encouraged, we will see more and more people ditching the handshake because of the risk a handshake carries in a post-COVID-19 world.

2. Changing the way we learn
With schools and colleges being shut, there is a lot of interest in online classes. Teachers across the world are using the power of the internet to deliver educational content to a student’s house.

Real-time online classes are being held on apps like Zoom that have ensured that the absence of a physical classroom does not stop the learning of students. This could signal a change in the way students learn in a school after the pandemic ends.
3. Frequent washing of hands
Are you washing your hands frequently? One thing the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us is to maintain very high standards of personal hygiene. People are now understanding how simple acts like washing hands with soap and water may save their lives.

Before the pandemic started, many of us treated hand washing very casually, but that has changed completely in the past few months and this change is something that is going to stay for a long time to come.

4. No more public spitting
In India, it is common to see spit stains on government buildings, railway stations and roads. While the government tried to spread awareness by putting up posters and even imposing fines, no one cared.

But now that everyone has to wear masks in public places and maintain personal hygiene, spitting could be a thing of the past.

5. Better air quality
Three to four weeks into the lockdown, environmentalists across the world noticed something strange – the ozone layer was healing itself. Not just that, air quality in cities like Delhi and Mumbai has improved drastically during the lockdown.

What this tells us is that nature can heal quickly if we give it a little space and time. This will put into perspective how we have taken nature for a ride all these years and encourage people to do more for the environment and enjoy the advantages of a greener earth.

 

What if you knew that you were destroying the earth every day, minute, hour, second of your life time? People, humans, are harming the earth. Without recycling everything we use, reducing pollution from cars and machines, or cutting back on water use, we hurt our only home, the earth. Lost every second, another 1.5 acres of rainforest to land development and deforestation, with tremendous losses to habitats. Another 36 U.S. states anticipating local, statewide water shortages, 64 million tons of materials are going to landfills. Ready to start going-green yet? We can recycle our garbage, have clean efficient machines and cars, or simply use less water. These every day things can change a lot in the way you live and to the planet.

If we continue to not recycle, not conserve energy, or clean air, we will kill our home and eventually us humans. Throwing away items that can be recycled diminishes energy, water and natural resources that can be saved by recycling. House hold batteries and electronics often contain dangerous chemicals that may, if sent to a local landfill, leak through the bottom barrier and pollute the ground water. This can contaminate everything from the soil in which our food grows and to the water which will eventually come out of aquifers into our tap water, many of these chemicals cannot be removed from the drinking water supply. Or from the crops that are harvested from contaminated fields. The risks to human health are monstrous. If you think that’s bad news here is more. Did you know 137 is the number of plant, animal, and insect species lost every day to rainforest deforestation? This equals roughly 50,000 species per year. This can be very bad to the human race, losing so many specie…

By going-green it can save our home and help it from diminishing beneath our feet. By making better choices as an indivial we can save our home and keep us healthy along with it. We can recycle simple produces, turn down the thermostat, and use less water. By doing these things we can save our home one green at a time. So go on, help save our home, your home, go green.

GREEN IS THE NEW BLACK – Make the

environment part of your personal brand .

 

An increasing number of industries have been making the careful shift to eco-friendly, recyclable and sustainable systems and it is about time. A testament to this is the steadily growing demand for natural and environment-friendly products that a large number of brands are scrambling to meet.

UNDERSTANDING THE MARKET :

 

The Indian consumer market – from cosmetics and skincare to tea and soft drinks – has found that wider access to the internet, the desire for better grooming and social consciousness are increasingly shaping choices in the market. Cementing this observation is the recent International Lifestyles Survey 2019 by Euromonitor, which studies consumer patterns globally. It found that 65% of shoppers were mindful of the organic ingredients used in the products, 66% were motivated by their ‘natural’ nature, and 67% of respondents ranked the environment-consciousness and eco-friendliness of brands as the highest parameter while shopping.

 

Euromonitor reviews emerging fast-moving trends that are on their way to gaining traction shortly, providing insights into changing consumer values and priorities and exploring the shifts in consumer behavior its effects on business globally.

 

Growth In Sustainable & Eco-friendly Products:

In the past 5 years we have seen the growth of e-commerce in India, pointing out the same Karishma Kansagra, Co-founder of Herb Island said, “The growth of e-commerce is the primary reason for the shift & demand that we have seen in organic, natural & eco-friendly lifestyle products. The consumer has been more conscious & aware than ever before which has driven the revolution in the beauty industry and has increased the demand of formulations that are effective & organic as well as the packaging is sustainable & eco-friendly,”

 

 

UNDERSTANDING THE CSR :

The humanity aspect of the brand also appeals to the consumers, where CSR was initially just for the corporates but now even start-ups have started contributing their bit towards issues that are not only close to their heart but also that represents their brand. Increase in awareness of global warming & saving the planet is also a contributing factor for more consumers making the shift towards green & sustainable

so many herbal and natural products flooding the market, it seems obvious that green indeed is the new black.

Green is most definitely the new black and “sustainability” is just as important for luxury products as it is for everyday needs. So shop wisely. Hopefully, you now have some new brands to turn to in your efforts to put your money where your mouth is.

As Always, Yours in the Love of All Things Green.

 

 

 

Done by ;

Jenifer . J

Mail id : jeniferjohn2525@gmail.c

“The brain is an important gateway by which social environment on people’s health through the mind” – Michael Marmot

What do we mean by Brain Health?

When we call a person healthy, we generally mean that the person can perform his or her daily functions with ease, or the various processes like Digestion, Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion in one’s body are occurring unhampered at a smooth rate.

Similar is the case when it comes to our Brain. The human brain can be perceived as the ultimate product of Human Evolution. Our brain is the central organ of our nervous system which is responsible for coordinating our actions, thoughts, memory, judgement, and emotions. This 1.5 kg organ controls our behaviour, body movements, senses, and intelligence. When our brain can perform its function well at all times, we say the brain is healthy.

The US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention defined brain health as an ability to perform all the mental processes of cognition, including the ability to learn and judge, use language, and remember.

The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) presidential advisory defined optimal brain health as “average performance levels among all the people at that age who are free of known brain or other organ system diseases in terms of decline from function levels, or as adequacy to perform all activities that the individual wishes to undertake”.

Why is brain health important?

Our brain health is important for our overall wellness. Our day-to-day lifestyle has a major impact on our brain health. What food we consume, how much we exercise, how much sleep or rest do we take, how well we socialize with the outside world all extremely vital considering our brain health. A healthy brain is not a concept but a lifestyle. A healthy brain is essential for a happy and long life and only when our brain is healthy, we can pay attention, solve our problems and communicate better.

What are the challenges when it comes to poor brain health?

It has been observed that human ageing increases the chances of the burden of brain dysfunction and neurological diseases.

Poor brain health can affect a person’s life by causing decreased cognitive and physical function. This can be a huge burden and gives rise to stress. When the brain is unable to perform well, for example, say if a person’s memory or sense of judgement is affected then it reduces the level of independence which in some cases even leads to a situation of premature removal from community or workplace and adds to the burden of care.

According to American Heart Association, by 2030, the total cost of Alzheimer’s, dementia, and stroke is expected to exceed $1 Trillion.

Poor brain health paves the way for various types of neurological disorders. These neurological disorders may have different or common effects on brain health. For instance, Alzheimer’s is the main type of dementia, with a decline in different domains of cognitive regulations.

The aim is to prevent ourselves from such neurological disorders by keeping our brains healthy.

How do we keep our brains healthy? 

The latest studies show that certain changes in our lifestyles and actions no what our age is can improve the health and functioning of the brain. The main areas of focus should be:

Balanced nutrition

What you eat plays a major role in your mental health. Research shows that people who consume a Mediterranean-style diet which is said to be rich in whole grains, green vegetables, fish, olives, and nuts are able to maintain brain health and may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s. with family and friends.

Enough sleep

It is essential to give at least eight hours of sleep per night to our bodies as it provides our brain the time to consolidate and store our memories effectively. A good sleep schedule helps lower the risk of sleep apnea which harmful to our brain health.

Physical exercise

Daily exercise results in increased blood flow to our brains which in turn improves brain health.

 Stress management

Social interactions, engaging in new hobbies like singing, dancing, reading, etc. wards off stress.

In conclusion, the need to enhance brain health is fundamental in today’s day and age and we must start to take the necessary steps to prevent ourselves from poor brain health and understand the brain-body connection for happy and long life.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/brain-health

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6787147/

 

 

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an most transformative technology that has been playing a spectacle role in recent times. It has shown its accuracy from agriculture to education. with the help of AI people are getting connected more to the technology and directly or indirectly they are depending on it to take decisions as we are experiencing many applications of AI on our daily life.

we can explore the data with more accurately and predict the information in order to learn and board the facts of piece we gather from the info. Importantly we have these smart phones where we use AI more often like SIRI,AMAZON RECOMMENDED SYSYTEM,IMAGE RECOGNIZATION AND GOOGLE HEDGEDOOP etc..

AI plays vital in how to train the computer on just about anything. present pandemic situation it is lifting the E-COMMERECE statistics by predicting and showing the outmost results of decision making techniques in which it is very good at. we all need to build AI as an responsibility to produce “what computers should do rather than what computers can do”.

Ramachandra*

* Assistant Professor, Department of political Science, Government First grade College, Hosadurga, Chitradurga, Karnataka.

Abstract

The recent elections held in Karnataka were significant for a number of reasons, many of which were discussed threadbare in the popular press at different levels. The BJP victory was astounding. Veterans politicians like Mallikarjun Kharge, who never lost an election or those like Deva Gowda and Veerappa Moily, all of them lost by huge margins. A more exhaustive analysis tends to happens only as a post-factor event – something which is bound to happen even this time. The verdict has confounded many observers who were looking at the larger picture. Hence, there is often an attempt to simplify what is otherwise a complex and perplexing result. There is no doubt that factors like nationalism, terrorism and related aspects did play an important part in the outcome, it would be unfair to ascribe the results only to one or two factors. Using the prism of an analysis of the results in Karnataka we argue that the verdict is the result of more complex factors that are at work in the state.

Keywords: Astounding, Exhaustive Analysis, verdict, Political Land Scape, Discernible, NOTA, Criss-crossed, Coalition government.

Introduction

The recently concluded elections were significant for a number of reasons, many of which were discussed threadbare in the popular press at different levels. The scale of BJP victory in Karnataka is, to say the least, astounding. Veterans like Mallikarjun Kharge, who never lost an election or those like Deva Gowda and Veerappa Moily, who had bucked the 2014 Modi wave lost. And, all of them lost by large margins. A more exhaustive analysis tends to happens only as a post-factor event – something which is bound to happen even this time. The verdict has confounded many observers who were looking at the larger picture. Hence, there is often an attempt to simplify what is otherwise a complex and perplexing result. There is no doubt that factors like nationalism, terrorism and related aspects did play an important part in the outcome, it would be unfair to ascribe the results only to one or two factors. Using the prism of an analysis of the results in Karnataka we argue that the verdict is the result of more complex factors that are at work in the state.

Karnataka Verdict: Overview

Karnataka has 28 parliamentary seats of which four are reserved for Scheduled Castes while 24 are unreserved. The political landscape of Karnataka is diverse and difficult to predict. The diversity is largely because of its historical evolution where the state consists of parts of that were united into a linguistic state from the British India and various princely states. There are six regions in the state each with its own unique set of political, social and economic dynamics. These regions include Bengaluru (28 assembly seats), Old Mysore (61 assembly seats; part of the princely state of Mysore), Coastal Karnataka (19 assembly seats), Central Karnataka (26 assembly seats), Hyderabad Karnataka (40 seats; part of erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad), and Bombay Karnataka (50 seats; part of the Bombay Presidency). According to the 2011 Census¹, Hindus comprise of about 84 per cent of the population, Muslims about 13 per cent and Christians 1.87 per cent. An interesting aspect of Karnataka is the historical importance of various sects within Hinduism — a factor which played an important role in 2018 Assembly elections. Dalits make up about 17 per cent of the population. Unofficial estimates indicate that the two politically “dominant communities”^[1], Lingayats and Vokkaligas make up an estimated 16-17 and 11-13 per cent respectively. Historically, Lingayats and Vokkaligas dominate the political landscape and have always accounted for about fifty percent of the elected legislators and parliamentarians.

In Karnataka there are three major political parties – Indian National Congress (INC), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Janata Dal (Secular) – of which two occupy the most important part of the spectrum while the third is a relatively smaller party, whose importance was magnified in the 2018 Assembly elections. It is well known fact that smaller parties tend to play a crucial role when there is an indecisive verdict.

Table 1: Karnataka General Elections

Parties	2014		2019
	Seats	Vote Share	Seats	Vote share
BJP	17	43.37	25	51.38
Congress	9	41.15	1	31.88
Janata Dal (S)	9	11.07	1	9.67
Others parties	0	1.24	0	1.31
Independents	0	1.57	1	5.04
NOTA	0	0.83	0	0.71

Note: Vote Share in Percentage

Source: Compiled From Election Commission of India website (https://eci.gov.in/statistical-reDOrt/statisticah reports/ and http://results.eci.gov.in/pc/en/trends/statewiseS101.htm?st=S 101

The verdict in Karnataka threw up new and interesting aspects and aspects. It is not clear whether these will continue to remain long lasting trends. The contest was primarily between the BJP and the Congress-JDS alliance on the other hand. The discernible trends in 2019 elections include: first, the voter turnout was a record of 68.6 per cent which was higher than the previous highest 67.58 per cent recorded in 1999 parliamentary elections and about 67.2 per cent recorded in the 2014 general elections^[2]. Second, the verdict illustrated that it was overwhelming win for the BJP. The party won 25 out of 28 (or about 89 per cent) of the parliamentary seats in the state. A victory of this magnitude is rare in Karnataka. Second, the BJP won more than half of the popular vote share: it garnered 51.38 per cent of the votes cast.

Third, the magnitude of the vielory of the BJP in 2019 was larger than 2014 in terms of seat and vote sliare – trend that is in consonance with many other states in the country. Our observation about the magnitude of the victory is borne out by the results: in 20 of28 seats at stake, the BJP won by a margin of more than 1 lakh votes while in 24 of the total 28 seats the BJP won by a margin of more than 50,000 votes. In most constituencies, the swing in favour of the BJP varied from 6 to 12 percent of the votes cast. Fourth, except in one constituency (Mandya), won by an independent supported by the BJP, in all the other constituencies all candidates not belonging to the tluee major political parties lost their deposits. Fifth, in some constituencies “none of the above” (or NOTA) garnered the third highest number of votes polled, indicating of the complete dominance of the three political parties in the state. Sixth, the verdict saw the complete defeat of the Deva Gowda family, which has played an. important part in the state’s politics over the past three decades. Seventh, 2019 witnessed a marginal decline in the share of NOTA.

Assembly versus Parliament Voting Patterns

Karnataka has 224 assembly seats. Table 2 offers insights into the seat and vote shares of different parties in the two assembly elections (2013 and 2018). In 2013, BJP the then incumbent was defeated after it was bruised by a combination of anti-incumbency and a division of its votes due to the split in the party with a section led by B.S. Yedyurappa floating a separate party. Though the Congress won in the 2013 Assembly elections, it had to be content with just nine seats in the parliamentary elections while the BJP won 17 of the total 28 seats. This victory was largely facilitated by the Modi wave in 2014 and the fact that Yeddyurappa had returned to the parent party shortly before the 2014 general elections.

Table 2: Karnataka Assembly Elections

Parties	20	13	2018
	Seats	Vote Share	Seats	Vote share
BJP	40	19.89	104	36.22
Congress	122	36.59	78	38.04
Janata dal (S)	40	20.19	37	20.61
Others	13	15.95	2	2.34
Independents	9	7.38	1	3.93
NOTA	NA	NA	0	0.86

Note: Vote Share in Percentage; * NOTA was introduced for the first time in the elections to Assemblies of Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan and MP in December 2013.

Compiled from Election Commission oflndia Website (https://eci ■ gov.i n/stati stical-report/stati sti cal-reports/)

In 2018 elections, the BJP emerged as the single largest party with 105 seats against the Congress’ tally of 78 seats. This is despite the fact that the Congress got a number of votes. Interestingly, the vote and seat share of the JDS remained largely constant. After high drama which saw a midnight Supreme Court hearing, the Congress and JDS formed a coalition government in which the representative of the third largest party ended up as the Chief Minister.

Understanding the Electoral Tsunami

An important aspect of the elections is that the ruling coalition which was cobbled up after the elections in May 2018 or about one year before the general elections was decimated. The results indicate that Karnataka has now emerged as the stronghold which the BJP can use as the springboard for its larger foray into other South Indian states much like Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh are to North and Central India. If one were extrapolate the parliamentary elections to the legislative assembly, the BJP would have won about 170 seats while the ruling alliance would have won in about 50 seats. There are a number of reasons for this. A combination of Karnataka specific factors and national level factors played an important role. First, Karnataka has a history of voting different for parliament and assembly elections. Second, the ruling alliance has only itself to blame. They were essentially stuck with fighting among themselves rather than putting up a resolute fight against a common foe – something that had enabled them to come to power in the first place. In short, the government has survived on a tenterhook from the very first day. They have been afflicted by constant dissidence and infighting either among the partners or have had to keep unhappy members in good humour. The net results are that governance went for a toss – a factor that had a significant impact on an electorate that votes differently in assembly and parliament elections. Third, BJP’s mammoth victory was made possible only because it was able to make dramatic gains into the Congress Vote bank in Old Mysuru Region – another first to the BJP’s credit. That is indicative of not just dissatisfaction but the fact that the BJP got the caste arithmetic right. In contrast, the alliance’s tendency to focus on giving tickets to members of entrenched families was contrasted with those _of _the BJP which went out of the way to show that it was against dynastic politics – an optics that meant the denial of ticket to the wife of the Union Minister, Late Ananth Kumar. Contrast this with the JDS where in two constituencies their third-generation family members contested – something that left an acute distaste among the electorate. In a number of seats it may be noted that poor strategy and execution led to self in (lie ted wounds among the alliance partners. Foremost is the fact thai the alliance partners never really worked in earnest for each other. The ease of Tumkur where the .IDS was allotted the ticket in the face of vociferous opposition from the sitting MP was illustrative of this. Moreover, fight for tickets often took a nasty turn where the partners did not work the success of each other. In many cases, the distribution of tickets was such that it was not just the victory but the margin of victory was assured. This poor strategy went to extreme lengths. In two constituencies that were allotted to JDS, that party did not have candidates and instead had to borrow candidates from the Congress. Thus, it is clear that better strategy would have invariably led to better electoral results for the alliance partners.

The role and contribution of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, his ability to micro-manage the party affairs and marshal the cumulative resources of the party without any let up played an important role. Unlike the alliance partners, whose electoral fight did not gain traction till the last minute, the Prime Minister and Amit Shah, the BJP president not just criss-crossed the state but saw to it that all the groups in the party worked to a united goal – that of victory. Similarly, the reach of the BJP and its affiliates in the ‘Sangh Parivar’ meant that while the BJP’s campaign was visible, the door-to-door low profile but highly effective campaign of hundreds of thousands of ideologically motivated cadres created a ground for the electoral tsunami. This explains the loss of entrenched leaders even in their strong holds. This cohesion and single minded devotion to achieving the goal was contrasted with that of the alliance partners where fights over ticket distribution meant that a large segment of the focal leadership was unhappy or a last minute stitching up a comprise meant a classic case of ‘too little, too late’.

The creation of the BJP juggernaut is largely due a major change in the electoral strategy of the BJP under Modi-Shah. Unlike in the past, the BJP has no qualms about assimilating strong candidates with a mass base into itself. In the past, this tactical move was considered the forte of the Congress Party and the BJP subtly frowned presumably because the ideological difference that may have been thought to exist. Post 2014, it is clear that the BJP under the leadership of Modi-Shah have no such qualms. They have been liberal in seeking to win over any discontented elements in any party across the ideological spectrum. In fact, the BJP’s success in Gulbarga and Bidar is because it was played a proactive role in drawing such elements in these seats – both of which the BJP won.

It is in this context of well oiled paily machinery backed by huge human resources and razor sharp focussed strategy that the post-Pulwama nationalist rhetoric should be approached. A nationalist rhetoric was something that was always a part of the BJP arsenal but the fact that it could be harnessed was lai’gely due to the fact that the party organisation was able to exploit it to the fullest extent which made the difference. Of course, to all the above one may add the usual factors like money power, advertising power and more importantly social media. The spread of smart phones and mobile internet means that the role of media transmission and their impact has changed. Millions of mobile internet connections aided by massive numbers of social media organisation and groups pushing Modi’s re-election bid, it is but not surprising that his message reached the last mile. In Karnataka elections social media reach and social media campaign, especially in the aftermath of Pulwama and surgical strikes played an important part in mobilising public opinion in favour of Narendra Modi. The use of social media to fill the gap in the last mile media outreach is a new feature of 2019 elections and one that will continue to remain for the foreseeable future.

An aspect of 2019 elections is that it is clear that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has brought about a major shift in the manner in which future elections will be fought. It was different for the simple reason that it was for the first time that an election was fought with all the new dynamics and one in which a national party was able to truly change the narrative from one that is usually highly localised to one that was pan-India in scope.

Conclusion

There is no doubt that the biggest win in Karnataka’s parliamentary election voting patterns will have massive ramifications – one that is already playing. The writing on the wall is clear that the opportunistic alliance’s days are likely to be numbered. This is for the reason that the alliance was afflicted by contradictions from day one and they had no unifying factor other than keeping the BJP out of power. A more worrying factor for the non-BJP parties should be the fact that it is clear that the BJP has spread its wings to areas that were in the past considered to be the traditional strong holds of the opposition. Hence, it is likely that the politics ot the state is likely to be in a state of flux for the next few years.

References

Kothari. Raj ini and Manor. James (eds). Caste in Indian Politics. Orient Blackswan. Hyderabad

2010

hup: www.censusindia.yov.in 2011 census Religion PCA. tiinil

https://eci.gov.in statistical-report statistical-reports

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^[1]             Used in the same sense as Rajini Kothari and James Manor (eds), Caste in Indian Politics, Orient Blackswan, Hyderabad, 2010

^[2] htti^:”eci.gov.in/statistica1-reDort/statistical-reports/ (website last visited 15 July 2019)