Tag: public-transportation

Bus Transit Systems in Bhopal: An Overview

Daily writing prompt
When is the last time you took a risk? How did it work out?
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By Dr. Kavita Dehalwar & Shashikant Nishant Sharma

Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, India, has undergone significant transformations in its public transport system over the years. The city’s bus transit systems, in particular, have become a critical component of urban mobility, aiming to provide efficient, affordable, and sustainable transport solutions to its residents. This article provides a detailed exploration of the bus transit systems in Bhopal, examining their structure, effectiveness, and the level of user satisfaction, with reference to recent academic research.

Overview of Bhopal’s Bus Transit System

Bhopal’s bus transit system is spearheaded by the Bhopal City Link Limited (BCLL), which operates under the brand name ‘MyBus’. Launched in 2006, ‘MyBus’ operates a fleet of buses intended to serve all major routes across the city. The system was designed to reduce congestion, improve air quality, and provide a reliable alternative to private vehicle use.

In addition to regular buses, Bhopal has also introduced Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS), known locally as the Bhopal BRTS, which began operations in 2013. This system features dedicated corridors for buses, aiming to ensure faster travel times by avoiding the usual traffic congestion on roads.

Infrastructure and Technology

The Bhopal bus transit system features modern infrastructure that includes well-designed bus stops equipped with real-time information systems. The BRTS corridors are specially engineered with elevated and at-grade sections that separate buses from general traffic, thereby increasing efficiency and punctuality.

Technological enhancements have been integrated into the system, such as GPS tracking of buses and automated ticketing systems. These technologies facilitate ease of use and improve passenger experiences by providing accurate information on bus timings and routes.

Assessment of Satisfaction Levels

A critical assessment by Jaiswal, A., Rokade, S., Vijay, N.C. (2024) in their study titled “Assessment of Satisfaction Level for Bus Transit Systems in Bhopal” found varied satisfaction levels among users of the city’s bus transit system. Published in the Springer series Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, their research evaluates several parameters that influence user satisfaction, including comfort, safety, frequency of buses, and accessibility of bus stops (Jaiswal et al., 2024).

Their findings indicate that while there are areas of strength, such as the availability of buses during peak hours, there are also significant areas for improvement, especially in terms of bus maintenance and service consistency. The study highlights the need for regular monitoring and upgrades to keep up with the growing demand and to ensure sustainable operations.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the advancements and the positive impact on urban mobility, Bhopal’s bus transit system faces several challenges. These include operational inefficiencies, financial sustainability issues, and the need for continuous improvement in customer service. Moreover, the increasing population of the city calls for an expansion of the bus network to cover newer areas and to handle greater passenger loads.

The opportunities for improvement align closely with the challenges. There is potential for expansion of the BRTS network, which could significantly improve the overall efficiency of public transport in Bhopal. Additionally, incorporating more eco-friendly buses, such as electric or hybrid models, could address environmental concerns and enhance the sustainability of the transit system.

Conclusion

Bhopal’s bus transit system plays an essential role in shaping the city’s transport landscape. With ongoing assessments and feedback mechanisms, such as the study conducted by Jaiswal et al. (2024), the system can continue to evolve and adapt to the needs of its users. The future of urban mobility in Bhopal appears promising, with continued investments in infrastructure, technology, and service quality poised to enhance the efficacy and popularity of its bus transit networks.

References

Chaurasia, D. (2014). Bus rapid transit system (BRTS): A sustainable way of city transport (Case Study of Bhopal BRTS). International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN, 2249, 8958.

Dehawar, K. The Harsh Reality of Slum Life in Bhopal: A Closer Look at Poor Living Conditions.

Gurjar, J., Agarwal, P. K., & Jain, P. K. (2020). A comprehensive methodology for comparative performance evaluation of public transport systems in urban areas. Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 3508-3531.

Jaiswal, A., Rokade, S., Vijay, N.C. (2024). Assessment of Satisfaction Level for Bus Transit Systems in Bhopal. In: Singh, D., Maji, A., Karmarkar, O., Gupta, M., Velaga, N.R., Debbarma, S. (eds) Transportation Research. TPMDC 2022. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 434. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6090-3_35.

Jaiswal, A., Jain, G., & Goswami, S. Assessment of Satisfaction Level for Existing Public Transport Systems using Machine Learning: A Case of Bhopal (India).

LODHI, A. S., & SHARMA, S. N. Framework for Road Safety Improvement Measures for Madhya Pradesh.

Saxena, A., Gupta, V., & Shrivastava, B. (2021). An assessment of public transport accessibility levels for slums in Bhopal. City, 1000, 9.

Sharma, S. N., Kumar, A., & Dehalwar, K. (2024). The Precursors of Transit-oriented Development. Economic and Political Weekly, 59(14), 16-20.

Singh, A. P., Singh, V., Sharma, A. K., & Sharma, A. Review of Public Transit Services in the State Capital Bhopal.

Benefits that Long Last after Transit Oriented Development

Daily writing prompt
Describe one positive change you have made in your life.
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By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

One positive change that can profoundly inspire the life of an urban planner is the successful implementation of a transformative Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) project within their city or region. TOD represents a holistic approach to urban planning that centers around creating vibrant, sustainable, and inclusive communities around public transit hubs. Here’s how the successful execution of a TOD project can inspire urban planners:

Photo by Maria Orlova on Pexels.com
  1. Impact on Urban Mobility: A well-executed TOD project can significantly improve urban mobility by promoting the use of public transportation, walking, and cycling over private car ownership. This shift towards sustainable transportation modes reduces traffic congestion, air pollution, and carbon emissions, leading to cleaner and healthier urban environments.
  2. Enhanced Quality of Life: TODs prioritize mixed-use development, walkable neighborhoods, and access to amenities such as parks, schools, healthcare facilities, and retail establishments. By fostering vibrant, pedestrian-friendly environments, TODs enhance the overall quality of life for residents, making cities more livable and enjoyable places to reside.
  3. Promotion of Social Equity: TODs have the potential to address social equity concerns by providing affordable housing options, improving access to jobs and educational opportunities, and fostering inclusive communities. Successful TOD projects can help reduce disparities in access to transportation and amenities, thereby promoting social cohesion and economic opportunity for all residents.
  4. Economic Development: TODs can stimulate economic development by attracting investment, creating jobs, and revitalizing underutilized or blighted areas around transit stations. The increased density and activity generated by TODs can support local businesses, spur entrepreneurship, and contribute to the overall economic vitality of urban areas.
  5. Environmental Sustainability: TODs promote sustainable land use and transportation practices, which are essential for mitigating climate change and protecting natural resources. By encouraging compact development, reducing car dependence, and preserving green spaces, TODs contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and the preservation of ecosystems within urban areas.
  6. Community Engagement and Empowerment: Successful TOD projects often involve extensive community engagement and participatory planning processes, empowering residents to shape the future of their neighborhoods. By involving stakeholders in decision-making and fostering collaboration between government agencies, developers, and community organizations, TODs can build trust, foster social capital, and promote civic engagement.
  7. Demonstration of Best Practices: A successful TOD project serves as a tangible demonstration of best practices in urban planning, design, and development. It can inspire other cities and regions to replicate similar initiatives, leading to a broader adoption of TOD principles and strategies across different contexts. This ripple effect can catalyze positive change on a larger scale and contribute to the advancement of sustainable urban development worldwide.

In conclusion, the successful implementation of a transformative Transit-Oriented Development project can inspire urban planners by demonstrating the potential for creating more sustainable, equitable, and livable cities. By prioritizing public transportation, mixed land uses, social inclusion, and environmental stewardship, TODs exemplify a holistic approach to urban planning that balances the needs of people, the economy, and the environment. As such, they serve as powerful catalysts for positive change and exemplars of urban innovation and progress.

References

Carlton, I. (2009). Histories of transit-oriented development: Perspectives on the development of the TOD concept.

Cervero, R. (2004). Transit-oriented development in the United States: Experiences, challenges, and prospects.

Ibraeva, A., de Almeida Correia, G. H., Silva, C., & Antunes, A. P. (2020). Transit-oriented development: A review of research achievements and challenges. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 132, 110-130.

Nasri, A., & Zhang, L. (2014). The analysis of transit-oriented development (TOD) in Washington, DC and Baltimore metropolitan areas. Transport policy, 32, 172-179.

Sharma, S. N., Kumar, A., & Dehalwar, K. (2024). The Precursors of Transit-oriented Development. Economic and Political Weekly, 59(14), 16–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10939448

Xu, W., Guthrie, A., Fan, Y., & Li, Y. (2017). Transit-oriented development in China: Literature review and evaluation of TOD potential across 50 Chinese cities. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 10(1), 743-762.

How to Conduct Travel Time and Delay Studies

By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

Travel Time and Delay Studies are crucial techniques in transport planning, providing valuable insights into the efficiency, reliability, and performance of transportation systems. These studies aim to quantify the time required for individuals or goods to travel between different locations, identify delays, and understand the factors contributing to congestion. Here is a detailed overview of this technique:

Photo by Armin Rimoldi on Pexels.com

Objectives of Travel Time and Delay Studies:

  1. Performance Evaluation:
    • Assess the performance of transportation networks, including roadways, public transit, and other modes of transport.
    • Identify areas of congestion, bottlenecks, and critical points where delays are most likely to occur.
  2. Capacity Analysis:
    • Determine the capacity of roads and intersections by analyzing the relationship between traffic volume and travel time.
    • Identify potential over-capacity or under-capacity issues and propose solutions.
  3. Traffic Flow Dynamics:
    • Understand the dynamics of traffic flow, including peak hours, directional patterns, and variations in travel speeds.
    • Analyze the impact of signal timings, road geometry, and other infrastructure elements on traffic behavior.
  4. Identification of Bottlenecks:
    • Locate specific points in the transportation network where congestion regularly occurs.
    • Evaluate the causes of bottlenecks, such as intersections, merging lanes, or insufficient road capacity.
  5. Mode Comparison:
    • Compare travel times and delays across different transportation modes (e.g., private cars, public transit, walking, cycling) to identify mode preferences.
    • Assess the effectiveness of multimodal transportation strategies.

Methodology of Travel Time and Delay Studies:

  1. Data Collection:
    • Use various data sources, including manual traffic counts, automated traffic surveillance systems, and GPS tracking.
    • Collect data on travel times, speeds, and delays at different points within the transportation network.
  2. Sampling Techniques:
    • Employ random or systematic sampling to ensure representative data collection.
    • Consider peak and off-peak periods to capture variations in travel time and delay patterns.
  3. GPS and Mobile Apps:
    • Utilize GPS data from vehicles and mobile applications to track real-time travel routes and speeds.
    • Analyze the data to understand travel time variability and identify areas with recurrent delays.
  4. Incident Analysis:
    • Investigate the impact of incidents such as accidents, road closures, or construction on travel times and delays.
    • Quantify the duration and severity of disruptions caused by incidents.
  5. Congestion Metrics:
    • Calculate congestion indices, such as the Travel Time Index (TTI) or the Planning Time Index (PTI), to quantify delays and provide a measure of reliability.
    • Use these metrics to compare congestion levels over time and across different locations.
  6. GIS and Spatial Analysis:
    • Map travel times and delays spatially using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools.
    • Identify spatial patterns, hotspots, and areas with consistent travel time challenges.
  7. Regression Analysis:
    • Employ regression models to identify relationships between travel times, delays, and various contributing factors such as traffic volume, road geometry, and signal timings.

Applications of Travel Time and Delay Studies:

  1. Transportation Planning and Policy:
    • Inform the development of transportation policies and infrastructure projects based on identified bottlenecks and congestion points.
    • Assess the impact of proposed changes on travel times and delays.
  2. Traffic Management Strategies:
    • Optimize signal timings, lane configurations, and other traffic management strategies to reduce delays.
    • Implement dynamic traffic management systems that respond to real-time conditions.
  3. Infrastructure Investment Decisions:
    • Guide decisions on infrastructure investments by prioritizing projects that address key congestion points.
    • Justify the need for capacity expansions or alternative transportation modes.
  4. Public Communication:
    • Provide real-time travel information to the public, helping users make informed decisions and potentially influencing travel behavior.
    • Communicate planned road closures or construction activities to minimize disruptions.

In summary, Travel Time and Delay Studies play a crucial role in understanding the performance of transportation systems, guiding infrastructure investments, and implementing effective traffic management strategies. The data collected through these studies contribute to evidence-based decision-making in transport planning, ultimately improving the efficiency and reliability of transportation networks.

References

Carrion, C., & Levinson, D. (2012). Value of travel time reliability: A review of current evidence. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 46(4), 720-741.

Dehalwar, K., & Sharma, S. N. (2023). Fundamentals of Research Writing and Uses of Research Methodologies.

Kotagiri, Y., & Pulugurtha, S. S. (2016). Modeling bus travel delay and travel time for improved arrival prediction. In International Conference on Transportation and Development 2016 (pp. 562-573).

LODHI, A. S., & SHARMA, S. N. Framework for Road Safety Improvement Measures for Madhya Pradesh.

Oppenlander, J. C. (1976). Sample size determination for travel time and delay studies. Traffic Engineering, 46(9).

Zang, Z., Xu, X., Qu, K., Chen, R., & Chen, A. (2022). Travel time reliability in transportation networks: A review of methodological developments. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 143, 103866.

Bhopal’s Bus Rapid Transit System: A Controversial Decision

By Kavita Dehalwar & Shashikant Nishant Sharma

The Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in Bhopal, initiated in 2013 under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) scheme by the Bhopal Municipal Corporation, is now facing dismantlement after nearly a decade of operation. The 24 km long corridor, stretching from Misrod to Sant Hirdaram Nagar (Bairagarh), was a substantial infrastructure investment amounting to Rs. 329 crores. However, the decision to dismantle the BRTS has stirred controversy, as public representatives argue that removing it could enhance the local transport system’s convenience.

Infrastructure Investment and Implementation: The Bhopal BRTS project, conceptualized to address the growing transportation needs of the city, was a significant undertaking. The 24 km long corridor aimed to streamline public transportation, reduce traffic congestion, and provide a more efficient and eco-friendly mode of commuting. The investment of Rs. 329 crores was directed towards creating dedicated bus lanes, modern bus stations, and other necessary infrastructure elements.

The corridor, with its dedicated lanes and well-designed stations, was expected to improve the overall transportation experience for residents while contributing to the city’s sustainable development goals. However, the success of BRTS projects often depends on effective planning, public support, and continuous adaptation based on the evolving needs of the community.

Controversial Decision to Dismantle: The controversy surrounding the Bhopal BRTS escalated when, on December 25, 2023, Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav ordered the scrapping of the BRTS corridor during a meeting held at the state secretariat. This decision was met with mixed reactions from the public, transportation experts, and local authorities.

Proponents of the decision argue that the BRTS corridor has not lived up to its expectations, citing concerns such as underutilization, operational inefficiencies, and negative impacts on existing traffic patterns. Additionally, there were financial considerations, with an additional Rs. 18.5 crores earmarked for the dismantling process. Critics, on the other hand, question the rationale behind scrapping a significant investment without exploring potential improvements or alternatives.

Public Representatives’ Perspective: Local public representatives supporting the decision to dismantle the BRTS corridor believe that the move will pave the way for a more convenient and adaptable local transport system. They argue that the current system has not effectively addressed the city’s diverse transportation needs and that a fresh approach is needed to enhance accessibility and efficiency.

Looking Forward: As the decision to dismantle the BRTS corridor unfolds, the fate of Bhopal’s public transportation system hangs in the balance. It remains to be seen whether the removal of BRTS will lead to a more convenient and effective alternative or if the city will face new challenges in addressing its growing transportation demands. The controversy underscores the complexities involved in urban planning and the importance of thoroughly assessing the long-term impact of transportation infrastructure projects on a community.

References

Chaurasia, D. (2014). Bus rapid transit system (BRTS): A sustainable way of city transport (Case Study of Bhopal BRTS). International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN, 2249, 8958.

Jaiswal, A., Rokade, S., & Vijay, N. C. (2022, December). Assessment of Satisfaction Level for Bus Transit Systems in Bhopal. In International Conference on Transportation Planning and Implementation Methodologies for Developing Countries (pp. 431-448). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

Khare, R., Villuri, V. G. K., & Chaurasia, D. (2021). Urban sustainability assessment: The evaluation of coordinated relationship between BRTS and land use in transit-oriented development mode using DEA model. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(1), 107-117.

Kolluru, H. K., Rajpal, S., Jha, S., & Jain, P. K. (2018). Bus rapid transit system in Bhopal city: A review. Education, 2019.

LODHI, A. S., & SHARMA, S. N. Framework for Road Safety Improvement Measures for Madhya Pradesh.

Sharma, A., Parida, M., Sekhar, C. R., & Kathuria, A. (2015). Capacity analysis of Bhopal BRTS using empirical and simulation model. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 11, 1575-1593.