Hamari Pehchan NGO is a non-governmental organisation with the main motive of improving and changing the lives of people and leading them towards a better and happier life. It provides a platform for different people across the country as well as the society to show their skillsets and develop a unqiue niche for themselves. Through this NGO, many underprevlideged have been able to improve their livelihood and have also been able to overcome the fear of living their lives in jeopardy.
The NGO continuously thrives in changing the lives of people who are deprived of the basic essentials and are unable enjoy their company. Hamari Pehchan is not just limited to a specific gender, age group or a particular methodology for conditioning the advancement of the society. Whether it is about women, children, older people, it tries to reach out to everybody and every section of society. The main motto as earlier stated is always to help all the underprevildged ones and provide them an essential platform to showcase their skills and expertise.
Mission-
Seeking a world of hope, tolerance and social justice where poverty has been eradicated and all people live with dignity and security.
Vision-
To help everyone in creating their own โPahchanโ and live a life with dignity.
Values driven-
Believing in urgent action, innovation and the necessity of transformationโwithin the world and our own organization.
The NGO has created almost 390+ campaigns throughout the country to spread awareness regarding the donation programs and making lives of the underprivledged much better. And not just this, it has also helped almost 10,000+ people across the country in create their own niche and live their lives with dignity. The organization has been up and running for the past 5 years. With collaboration and support of the Delhi police, School Teachers, Advocates, experienced Doctors and especially the school and college youth, the organization has come a long way with now over 5000 active members working relentlessly to support various causes.
Help is the most expensive gift, so be Rich by heart- Tarun Mathur
In India Puppetry has been one of the most ancient folk skill forms of traditional entertainment and has the richest variety of types and styles of shadow puppets.
Shadow puppets areย made up of leatherย thatย hasย beenย carvedย intoย flatย figures.
The majority of it comes from the state of AP. The puppets have jointed shoulders, elbows, and knees and are quite huge. On both sides, they are colored. As a result, these puppets cast colorful shadows on the screen. The Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and the Puranas are used as the inspiration for the puppet plays’ themes, and the music is mostly influenced by local classical music.
Ravanachhaya, Orissa:
This is a type of puppet from that state. There are no joints and the puppets are in one piece. Since they lack color, they cast opaque shadows on the screen. Along with the usage of human and animal characters, several props are also employed, including trees, mountains, chariots, etc. Despite being smaller in sizeโthe tallest Ravanachhaya puppets are less than two feet tall and lack jointed limbsโthey cast incredibly tender and lyrical shadows.
Gender role and division on Shadow puppetry in India:
For a long time, this art has hampered the involvement of women in taking part in the playing role of puppets. Women are mostly hidden or invisible in play and men’s roles are exclusively visible. A study conducted on the role of women in the traditional puppeteer family in India on two major forms of puppetry-โString puppetry and Leather- Shadow puppetry which shows women are not involved in making puppets even in South India that are made of wood called string marionettes.
Traditional puppeteers did not allow women to take part actively as in Kerala, Shadow puppetry and the place and performance going on are like a temple and puppets are made of Gods and goddesses to be played on stage where they are not allowing women for the reason by the Custom or their menstruation. Only Male members are allowed to connect the profession and play roles.
What’s now?
Nevertheless, Today Women from Traditional families and women who are interested in puppetry come under an umbrella called Contemporary puppeteers. As a result, women in puppetry are using puppetry to revive the art form,ย to address some of Indiaโs most pressing social problems, to impart education, awareness campaign, in theatre, and also as therapeutic value.ย
Women artists today not only contribute to this rich art form, but they also hold their own as equal puppeteers and performers. The evident cultural rebirth can be seen in the appropriation of traditional art, modifications, exploration of interconnection, artistic and creative modules connecting the international models, for teaching, education, social cause, campaign, and lastly to entertain with a message.
Reference:
Many Voices, One World (1982). New Delhi: Oxford, IBH. Melkote, S.R. (1991). Communication for Development in the Third World: Theory and Practice. New Delhi: Sage. Mukhopadhyay, D. (1994). Folk Arts and Social Communication, New Delhi: Publications Division.
Radio broadcasting began in India in 1922. The Government owned radio station All India Radio dominated broadcasting since 1936.
Broadcasting in India actually began about 13 years before AIR came into existence. In June 1923 the Radio Club of Bombay made the first ever broadcast in the country. This was followed by the setting up of the Calcutta Radio Club five months later. The Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) came into being on July 23, 1927, only to face liquidation in less than three years.
In April 1930, the Indian Broadcasting Service, under the Department of Industries and Labour, commenced its operations on an experimental basis. Lionel Fielden was appointed the first Controller of Broadcasting in August 1935. In the following month Akashvani Mysore, a private radio station was set up. On June 8, 1936, the Indian State Broadcasting Service became All India Radio.
The Central News Organisation (CNO) came into existence in August, 1937. In the same year, AIR came under the Department of Communications and four years later came under the Department of Information and Broadcasting. When India attained independence, there were six radio stations in India, at Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Tiruchirapalli and Lucknow. The following year, CNO was split up into two divisions, the News Services Division (NSD) and the External Services Division (ESD). In 1956 the name AKASHVANI was adopted for the National Broadcaster. The Vividh Bharati Service was launched in 1957 with popular film music as its main component
The phenomenal growth achieved by All India Radio has made it one of the largest media organisations in the world. With a network of 262 radio stations, AIR today is accessible to almost the entire population of the country and nearly 92% of the total area. A broadcasting giant, AIR today broadcasts in 23 languages and 146 dialects catering to a vast spectrum of socio-economically and culturally diverse populace.
Programmes of the External Services Division are broadcast in 11 Indian and 16 foreign languages reaching out to more than 100 countries. These external broadcasts aim to keep the overseas listeners informed about developments in the country and provide a rich fare of entertainment as well.
The News Services Division, of All India Radio broadcasts 647 bulletins daily for a total duration of nearly 56 hours in about 90 Languages/Dialects in Home, Regional, External and DTH Services. 314 news headlines on hourly basis are also being mounted on FM mode from 41 AIR Stations. 44 Regional News Units originate 469 daily news bulletins in 75 languages. In addition to the daily news bulletins, the News Services Division also mounts number of news-based programmes on topical subjects from Delhi and its Regional News Units
AIR operates at present 18 FM stereo channels, called AIR FM Rainbow, targeting the urban audience in a refreshing style of presentation. Four more FM channels called, AIR FM Gold, broadcast composite news and entertainment programmes from Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai. With the FM wave sweeping the country, AIR is augmenting its Medium Wave transmission with additional FM transmitters at Regional stations.
In April 2020, as per a survey by AZ Research PPL, commissioned by the Association of Radio Operators for India (AORI) Radio listenership in India touched a peak of 51 million.
Does radio have a future?
The consoles, connected watches and TV’s that we use every day will be just another way in which radio stations can broadcast and increase their audience numbers. Since its creation, radio has continually evolved with the times
Why Radio is still popular?
Portable and Inexpensive: Radio is portable among many modes of communication. They can be used in cars, stores, and other places, which helps to reach the targeted audience. According to researchers, broadcast radio reaches 99% of the Indian population today.
The Government decision for transition to the digital mode of transmission, AIR is switching from analog to digital in a phased manner. The technology adopted is the Digital Radio Mondiale or DRM. With the target of complete digitization by 2017, the listeners can look forward to highly enhanced transmission quality in the near future.
India shares geographical boundary with eight countries namely Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Since the inception of our foreign policy, India has aimed at building trust with its neighbors. It aims at peaceful friendly relations and mutual economic development by enhanced trade and investments.
โขPakistan: Improving relations with Pakistan has been among top priorities in Indian foreign policy. After the visit of Pakistan former Prime Minister Parvez Musharaff in 2004, there has been a vacuum in our talks. It seems that radical groups in Pakistan took undue advantage of this vacuum and consequently there has been increased reports of cross-border terrorism activities. 26/11 attack is an unwashable strain on the fabric of friendship between India and Pakistan. But as it is said that ‘time heals all wounds’. The recently elected Narendra Modi led National Democratic alliance government’s attitude is worth appreciation. Indian Prime minister invited his Pakistani counterpart in his swearing in ceremony in New Delhi. This is a clear indication that both Nations are willing to take their relations on newer heights. In this aspect changed outlook India should try to adopt a sustainable foreign policy towards Pakistan. Smaller initiatives like Indo-Pak trade fair at Jalandhar, Punjab (India) needs to be encouraged. Healthy trade relations will help both sides equally.
โขNepal: Since the birth of democratic institution in Nepal, India has increasingly tried to have good relations with Nepal. Currently a joint hydro power project is being built on Sharda River. This power plant is thought to mutually help both India and Nepal with respect to electricity production and irrigation facilities. From the environmental perspective, there are a number of Tiger reserves along Indo-Nepal border. Both countries have identified their importance and are helping each other to sustain the existing ones and creating new ones. โขChina: China being manufacturing hub of world, is strategically very important to India. In fact China has become a role model for development. India needs to build strong trade relations with China. Increasing Foreign Direct Investment caps in various sectors has been one such step of India to invite investors from abroad.Apart from these bilateral relations, India has been active on various other forums as well which provides for greater engagement with its neighbors. For example India has been one of the pioneering advocate of TAPI (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India). This project aimed at bringing gas from Gulf countries and distribute it in TAPI countries.
India is an active member in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India China and South Africa). BRICS is emerging a one of the significant union in world. BRICS nations represent 40 per cent of world population and has approximately sixteen trillion dollars as its Nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP). BRICS nation contributes around eighteen per cent of world economy. The recent BRICS summit held at Brazil in July 2014. One of the German intellectual has rightly said that ‘For economic development of a nation, peace with its neighbors is a pre-requisite’. India not only recognizes this statement but also conforms to it. Going by the mood of current Indian government in India, Union government too knows the importance of its neighbors. If India wants to be a super-power then maintaining friendly relations with its neighbors is a first step of ladder in this direction.
India has always wanted friendly ties with its neighbours, there can be no debate around it. We want to live in harmony and peace.
Psychology has become a very important and popular subject today. It deals with many problems of everyday life. Psychology helps us to understand the behaviour of people around us, to find out why they behave differently and what forces are responsible to make them so different from others.It tries to explain wide array of factors involved in what we human beings do. The principles explained by psychology give us a rational basis of understanding of what we and others do. Psychology has been defined in many ways. In ancient days people were analysing the behavioural aspects on the basis of philosophy. They believed that there is a soul in every individual and this is responsible for all our activities. This view led to the opinion that the subject matter of psychology must be the study of soul. But this definition could not answer the questions regarding the existence of soul and its accessibility for study. This condition led to a new definition by Greek philosophers who defined psychology as a โscience of mindโ. But this definition was also rejected on the same grounds as soul was rejected.
Gradually, as a result of the development of scientific outlook people started thinking on scientific basis and began to define psychology as a science of behaviour. Finally, it is JB Watson (1913) defined psychology as a science of behaviour of human as well as animal beings.Today this is the most accepted definition. In this definition the term behaviour includes the cognitive activities like thinking, reasoning, intelligence, imagining, memory, etc., co-native activities like walking, dancing, fighting, attacking and other action tendencies and also the affective activities like feeling, joy, happiness, sympathy, anger, jealousy, etc. in a person. This definition also includes the behaviour not only of human beings and animals, but also all living organisms and their mental processes.
Psychologists do experiments and make observations which others can repeat; they obtain data often in the form of quantitative measurements which others can verify. Like any other positive science psychology is also systematic in its approach. Measurement in psychology is often more difficult of course, than it is in other sciences.However, psychologists have devised many ingenious tests to assign numbers to data. Psychology is following all the principles of science like principles of behaviour,objective experimentation, analysis of data and behaviour, formulation of hypothesis, verification and generalization, etc.As a result of such a scientific approach many theories have been developed to explain the behaviour. Psychology believes in cause and effect relationship in behaviour. It is considered as a behavioural science as it deals with behaviour of the organism.
However, because of its objectivity in analysis of behaviour through experiments, it may be considered as a developing positive science of behaviour.
Psychology has a long past, but only a short history
The environment plays a significant role to support life on earth. But there are some issues that are causing damages to life and the ecosystem of the earth. It is related to the not only environment but with everyone that lives on the planet. Besides, its main source is pollution, global warming, greenhouse gas, and many others. The everyday activities of human are constantly degrading the quality of the environment which ultimately results in the loss of survival condition from the earth.There are hundreds of issue that causing damage to the environment. But in this, we are going to discuss the main causes of environmental issues because they are very dangerous to life and the ecosystem.
Pollution โ It is one of the main causes of an environmental issue because it poisons the air, water, soil, and noise. As we know that in the past few decades the numbers of industries have rapidly increased. Moreover, these industries discharge their untreated waste into the water bodies, on soil, and in air. Most of these wastes contain harmful and poisonous materials that spread very easily because of the movement of water bodies and wind. Greenhouse Gases โ These are the gases which are responsible for the increase in the temperature of the earth surface. This gases directly relates to air pollution because of the pollution produced by the vehicle and factories which contains a toxic chemical that harms the life and environment of earth. Climate Changes – Due to environmental issue the climate is changing rapidly and things like smog, acid rains are getting common. Also, the number of natural calamities is also increasing and almost every year there is flood, famine, drought, landslides, earthquakes, and many more calamities are increasing.
Development recognises that social, economic and environmental issues are interconnected, and that decisions must incorporate each of these aspects if there are to be good decisions in the longer term.For sustainable development, accurate environment forecasts and warnings with effective information on pollution which are essential for planning and for ensuring safe and environmentally sound socio-economic activities should be made known.
Early times the Indian subcontinent appears to have provided an attractive habitat for human occupation. Toward the south it is effectively sheltered by wide expanses of ocean, which tended to isolate it culturally in ancient times, while to the north it is protected by the massive ranges of the Himalayas, which also sheltered it from the Arctic winds and the air currents of Central Asia. Only in the northwest and northeast is there easier access by land, and it was through those two sectors that most of the early contacts with the outside world took place.
Within the framework of hills and mountains represented by the Indo-Iranian borderlands on the west, the Indo-Myanmar borderlands in the east, and the Himalayas to the north, the subcontinent may in broadest terms be divided into two major divisions: in the north, the basins of the Indus and Ganges (Ganga) rivers (the Indo-Gangetic Plain) and, to the south, the block of Archean rocks that forms the Deccan plateau region. The expansive alluvial plain of the river basins provided the environment and focus for the rise of two great phases of city life: the civilization of the Indus valley, known as the Indus civilization, during the 3rd millennium BCE; and, during the 1st millennium BCE, that of the Ganges. To the south of this zone, and separating it from the peninsula proper, is a belt of hills and forests, running generally from west to east and to this day largely inhabited by tribal people. This belt has played mainly a negative role throughout Indian history in that it remained relatively thinly populated and did not form the focal point of any of the principal regional cultural developments of South Asia. However, it is traversed by various routes linking the more-attractive areas north and south of it. The Narmada (Narbada) River flows through this belt toward the west, mostly along the Vindhya Range, which has long been regarded as the symbolic boundary between northern and southern India.
India’s movement for Independence occurred in stages elicit by the inflexibility of the Britishers and in various instances, their violent responses to non-violent protests. It was understood that the British were controlling the resources of India and the lives of its people, and as far as this control was ended India could not be for Indians.
On 28 December 1885 Indian National Congress (INC) was founded on the premises of Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit School at Bombay. It was presided over by W.C Banerjee and attended by 72 delegates. A.O Hume played an instrumental role in the foundation of INC with an aim to provide Safety Valve to the British Government. A.O Hume served as the first General Secretary of INC. The real Aim of Congress is to train the Indian youth in political agitation and to organise or to create public opinion in the country. For this, they use the method of an annual session where they discuss the problem and passed the resolution. The first or early phase of Indian Nationalism is also termed as Moderate Phase (1885-1905). Moderate leaders were W.C Banerjee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, R.C Dutt, Ferozeshah Mehta, George Yule, etc. Moderates have full faith in British Government and adopted the PPP path i.e. Protest, Prayer, and Petition. Due to disillusionment from Moderates’ methods of work, extremism began to develop within the congress after 1892. The Extremist leaders were Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh. Instead of the PPP path, they emphasise on self-reliance, constructive work, and swadeshi. With the announcement of the Partition of Bengal (1905) by Lord Curzon for administrative convenience, Swadeshi and Boycott resolution was passed in 1905.
ONE INDIVIDUAL MAY DIE; BUT THAT IDEA WILL, AFTER HIS DEATH, INCARNATE ITSELF IN A THOUSAND LIVES.
Women’s Organisations emerged in India as a result of the spread of education and the establishment of the notion of the new woman. There was an improved level of communication among women which made them aware of the different problems that they faced and their rights and accountabilities in society. This awareness led to the upsurge of women’s organizations that fought for and signified women’s causes
An exclusive feature of the Indian women’s crusade is the fact that early efforts at women’s liberation were set in motion by men. Social reformers such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Maharishi Karve, and Swami Dayanand Saraswati challenged the conventional subservience of women, stimulated widow remarriage, and supported female education and impartiality in matters of religion, among other issues. Mahila mandals organized by Hindu reformist organizations such as the Arya Samaj and Brahmo Samaj encouraged women to go out of the boundaries of their homes and interact with other members of society. Pandita Ramabai, who was considered as one of the innovators of the feminist movement, with the help of Justice Ranade established the Arya Mahila Samaj in 1882. She envisioned creating a support network for newly educated women through weekly lectures and lessons at homes, where women could learn and gain confidence through interactions.
Women’s auxiliaries of general reform associations also served as a ground for women to deliberate social issues, express opinions, and share experiences. The Bharata Mahila Parishad of the National Social Conference was the most protruding among such opportunities. Though the National Social Conference was formed at the third meeting of the Indian National Congress in 1887, the Mahila Parishad was launched only in 1905.
The preโIndependence period saw women’s issues related to the nationalist agenda at various junctures. In this period, a major enhancement of women was in terms of political participation of women, calling for a redefinition of conventional gender roles. Women began openly demonstrating their opposition to foreign control by supporting civil disobedience actions and other forms of protest against the British. Opportunities to organize and participate in agitations gave women muchโneeded confidence and a chance to develop their leadership skills. Cutting across communal and religious barriers, women associated themselves with larger problems of society and opposed sectarian issues such as communal electorates. Political awareness among women grew, owing to a general understanding that women’s issues could not be separated from the political environment of the country. During this period, the initial women’s organizations formed within the historical background of the social reform movement and the nationalist movement were as follows.
โขThe Women’s India Association (WIA). National Council of Women in India (NCWI). โขThe All India Women’s Conference (AIWC) in 1917, 1925, and 1927 correspondingly. โขEach of these organizations emphasized the importance of education in women’s progress. โขThe WIA, created by Margaret Cousins in Madras, worked widely for the social and educational emancipation of women. โขAssociated with the Theosophical Society, it encouraged nonโsectarian religious activity and did creditable work in promoting literacy, setting up shelters for widows, and providing relief for disaster victims. โขWomen in Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata through networks developed during World War I work, allied their associations together, and created the NCWI in 1925. A national branch of the International Council of Women, its most prominent member was Mehribai Tata, who aggressively campaigned against inert charity and advised men to support female education. โขThe most important of the women’s organizations of the time was the All India Women’s Conference. Though its initial efforts were directed towards improving female education, its scope later extended to include a host of women’s issues such as women’s franchise, inheritance rights.
The Constitution of India enlisted in 1950 which permitted equal rights to men and women. Rights such as the right to vote, right to education, right to enter into public service, and political offices brought in satisfaction among women’s groups. In this period, there was limited activity in the area of women’s rights. Many women’s organizations such as the National Federation of Indian Women (1954) the Samajwadi Mahila Sabha (1559) were formed to work for supporting the cause of Indian women. Since the country was facing a social, political crisis after British rule, many demands of the women activists were not supported by the Government. But during this period from 1945, the Indian women got an opportunity to participate in confrontational politics.
In post-independent India, the women’s crusade was divided, as the common opponent, foreign rule, was no longer there. Some of the women leaders formally joined the Indian National Congress and took a powerful position as Ministers, Governors, and Ambassadors. Free India’s Constitution gave universal adult franchise and by the mid-fifties, India had fairly liberal laws concerning women. Most of the demands of the women’s movement had been met and there seemed few issues left to organize around. Women’s organizations now observed that there was an issue of implementation and consequently there was a pause in the women’s movement.
Some women organizations such as the Banga Mahila Samaj, and the Ladies Theosophical Society functioned at local levels to promote contemporary ideas for women. These organizations deal with issues like women’s education, abolition of social evils like purdah and Child marriage, Hindu law reform, moral and material progress of women, equality of rights and opportunities.
It can be believed that the Indian women’s movement worked for two goals.
โขUplift of women. โขEqual rights for both men and women.
Currently, there are many women organizations in India:
โขAll India Federation of Women Lawyers โขAll India Women’s Conference โขAppan Samachar โขAssociation of Theologically Trained Women of India โขBharatiya Grameen Mahila Sangh โขBharatiya Mahila Bank โขConfederation of Women Entrepreneurs Durga Vahini โขFriends of Women’s World Banking โขKrantikari Adivasi Mahila Sangathan
The major objective of this organization is:
โขStrengthening and building new initiatives, networks, forums, etc., for protecting women’s rights โขMonitoring the Government of India’s commitments, implementing the Platform for Action with special focus on the eight-point agenda discussed at the Conference of Commitment, CEDAW, the Human Rights, and other United Nations Convention. โขAdvocacy, lobbying, and campaigning on women-related issues. โขInformation Dissemination and Documentation. โขSolidarity and linkages with other regional and global forums.
Another women organization in India is Swadhina (Self-esteemed Women) which was formed in 1986. It is principally a civil society organization focused on the Empowerment of women and Child Development based on Sustainable Development and Right Lively hood. At Swadhina, it is believed that positive social change has a direct effect on the lives of women and that change is possible only through equal and spontaneous participation of Women. Organization members are active in five states across the country in remote tribal districts of Singbhums in Jharkhand, Purulia, and West Midnapur in West Bengal, Kanya Kumari in Tamil Nadu, Mayurbhanj in Orissa, and East Champaran in Bihar.
Due to the womenโs movement, several legislations were passed like the Equal Remuneration Act, Minimum Wage Act, Maternity Benefit Act, etc. to ensure equal status to women in society & more importantly at work. However, illiteracy amongst the major women workforce (87% of women are employed in the unorganized sector), fear of losing employment & lack of awareness of the laws enacted to protect them, make it difficult for women to benefit from them.
Life organisation frequently resembles a delicate balancing act. As soon as you switch to grab one goal line, such as money, family obligations, or having fun with family and friends, the next one is rushing at you rapidly. Sadly, some pieces are destined to fall: weeks where rest was not prioritised, eating fast food rather than preparing meals, and slacking with limited chores rather than concentrating on substantial work.
Instead of tossing life’s responsibilities in the hopes that you’ll survive to grasp em all, stick to a plan to keep everything in its position.
1. Discipline – Organise your day and make a to do list of tasks and punctually do everything on its set time. You’ll feel content at the end of the day and not guilty when you’re chilling watching your favorite movie and having that slice of pizza because you know you’ve worked for it. 2. Awareness – Presence of mind increases with managing your time because it ultimately helps you manage your life and when that happens your mind is free of stress which allows you to focus more on the details that one otherwise is ignorant about.
3.Clear Vision – For ones particularly ,confused about their purpose or goal, managing a note of things that you enjoy from the one’s that you enjoy less will allow you to decide with more clarity on the areas that you should focus.
4.Unwavering Focus – When you lead a life of discipline your skill to concentrate enhances hugely and allows you to work with stability. You start to work more minutely on things and your end product is always the best
5.productivity – Enhances the quality of your work and you start to enjoy the work you do, all this because you’ve got time to do thing through your organisational skills.
6.Maintaining a list – keeping track of your daily activities ,writing down things and analysing your thoughts helps to understand your life better. Writing down things for each day and accomplishing them will give you clear headstart to your goals and life in general.
7.Prioritise – Allowing some things to fall into place consciously can help make navigating all of life’s obligations efficient. Get used to saying “no” so that you can spend more time for the things that are essential to you. A crucial technique in your suite for organising your life is prioritisation. The only way to get anything done is to prioritise what is most important. You can direct your intense focus on what matters by eliminating what doesn’t advance your best expectations.
8. value your time – Time is not something you can control. Time is more valuable than money regardless of the lack of tangible value. Like money, time may be wasted or saved. Time is something you can’t earn back,like money. Choose accordingly to expend it and don’t use it all in one space. If you value time you don’t waste it. Instead use it to your advantage.
Arguments, whether they are interpersonal or professional, are essential. Be it a constructive or non-beneficial disagreement, we engage in it more frequently than we plan to in our regular lifestyle.
Nobody can win an argument against you unless you give the opportunity to.
Even if this isn’t your strongest suit, there are a few straightforward strategies you may use to quickly and easily win. To assist you, here are a few of them:
1. Do your research – In a professional setting when you know you’re likely to have to get into an argument, prepare yourself beforehand with all the information and facts so that you have an upper hand in the discussion
2. When it’s unlikely – Sometimes you could encounter yourself in a heated argument in an unusual situation, caught off guard and unsure of what to say. It’s typically best to try to reason with the other person so that you can depart the argument quickly.
3. Calm down โ The most important thing to remember when in an argument is to keep your composure and maintain decorum, especially if your parents are on the other side. However, this is true for practically all contentious discussions.
4. Don’t raise your voice โ Being ear-splittingly loud won’t help you win, instead strengthen your case. Maintaining your mental fortitude will help you make your point to the opposing side as effectively as you can.
5. Decapitate them delicately โ Be gentle and kind! Talk calm and pleasant until your generosity and encouraging wordscause the opposition’s rage to subside. In between disputes, you must remind the other person of the good in you in case they have forgotten. This works!
6.Be reasonable โ Avoid making assumptions just to justify your assertions. Provide evidence to back up your claims so the opposite side won’t have a chance to refute the information.
7. Choose your next word carefully- Remember in an argument the point is not just winning but also successfully winning at it. So communicating the issue that you’re debating about is also vital because that is the reason it happened in the first place. In doing so, be careful how you choose your words.
8.Don’t rushโ Time may not always be to your advantage, so consider whether it is the appropriate time to protest before you start the conversation. Better to steer clear of it for a while if not. Additionally, it will offer both parties a chance to think things through.
9. Listen!- If you aren’t willing to listen and consider the opposing viewpoint, how can you expect others to? It’s crucial to hear what the opposing side has to say because a one-sided discussion is not an argument.
10. Make believe – when you really want to win and your case isn’t solid enough, make the opposition believe that your perspective is stronger and their claim needs to be reevaluated. Even if you’re wrong, trick them into thinking otherwise.
You’ll master the art of argumentation in no time, just follow these simple methods and the win is yours.
An IP address abbreviation of Internet Protocol address, it is an address that is provided by the Internet Service Provider to the user, it is just like a postal address code that is pin code to find the location or place where to send the message. An IP address is a unique group of number what are separated by the period (.), it varies from 0 to 255, and every device has a separate and unique IP address that is assigned by the specific Internet Service Provider (ISP) to identify which particular device is communicating with them and accessing the internet from there.
If you want to access internet from you device which may be your Android, I phone, Computer the service provider assigned them a particular, unique address that is help them to communicate send, receive information from the right person without any misunderstanding, mistake the message is pass to the authentic person to whom it has to send. This problem is solved by the IP address, in olden days; we have postal address to send the message/letter to the person, the message that has to be sent with the help of the address which may be his house number, city, town, postal code. The sender will write the address on the top of the letter envelope so that it will be delivery to the right person. If the person connected his device to internet provide by the hotel, the hotelโs Internet Service Provider will assign an IP address to the device.
Types of IP addresses
There are different types of IP based on different categories, types.
Consumer IP addresses
A Consumer IP addresses is the individual IP addresses of a customer who connects his/her device to a public or private network. A consumer connects his device through internet from his Internet Service Provider, or from the Wi-Fi. In these days the Consumer has many electronic gadgets which he connects to his router that transfer the data from the Internet Service Provider.
Private IP addresses
A Private IP addresses are a secure one that is connected Private Network and every devices that is connected to this Private Network is assigned a unique IP address that is assigned by the Internet Service Provider. All Mobile devices, Computer, and Internet of Things that are connected to this private network are assigned a unique string number to the devices.
Public IP addresses
A Public IP addresses is the main address that is related to your network, as stated above that the IP address are assigned by the Internet Service Provider, the Public IP address is also assigned by the Internet Service Provider, The Internet Service Provider has a large amount of IP addresses that are stored and assigned to the customer. The public IP address is the address that devices that are outside the network use to identify the network.
The Public IP addresses are further classified into two types they are:
Dynamic
Static
Dynamic IP addresses
The Dynamic IP address are the IP address that changes very frequently, so the Internet Service Providers purchase a very huge amount of IP addresses , they assign it mechanically to the customer . This frequently changing the IP address helps the customer not to make the security actions. The frequently changing IP address wonโt let the hacks to track or pool your data.
Static IP addresses
The Static IP addresses is the contradictory to the Dynamic IP address, it remain fixed. The IP address remains fixed when it is assigned by the Internet Service Provider. The mostly many person and business man donโt choose static because it is risk of getting easily track, but most business which are trying host her own website server choose Static IP address so it will easier for the customer to find them.
The IP address can be protect by 2 ways that are using proxy and the other one is use of Virtual Private Network. A proxy server acts as a intermediary between the internet server and your internet service providers, when you visit any website it will show the proxy IP address not yours.
Where to find IP address is Device?
The IP address set up in every device that is connected to the Internet, but the steps or direction is different in different devices. Some of device direction is given below:
Rebuilding confidence is not the same as building confidence.
When building confidence, you’re trying to do something you’re not sure you can do.
However, rebuilding confidence means you used to be good but failed at some point. Getting back is much harder to do.
Confidence is essentially about expectations
You think you’ll excel, but considering the probability of success and feeling confident is not that easy. Framing effects happen when the same thing looks different when the context change. If you’re a good student in a mediocre class, you feel smarter than if you’re a good student in an elite class.
Relearning confidence
When practising a skill that you have forgotten, you may lack the confidence to pick it up again. However, those doubts are exaggerated. Not remembering is normal, and relearning happens faster than you may expect. Yet, you may still lack self-confidence, which will undermine your self-image and motivation.
Play over Performance
When we improve in a skill, our mindset will start to shift from play to performance. Rebuilding confidence requires you to relive that initial play mindset.
Make failures painless. Your first practice should have zero consequences. Do warm-up exercises for low stakes before you put on pressure to perform. However, if you review your skill but continue to get everything wrong, it is a signal to stop.
Expect frustration and failure. When you expect failure, it won’t bother you so much when performance suffers. Set the bar lower.
Trust the rebuilding process. You don’t need confidence that you will excel, just confidence that you’ll eventually rebuild your confidence.
Reframe your expectations. You have no responsibility to live up to other people’s expectations of you.
Plenty of exercise. Healthy food. Positive attitude. Plain old good luck. Thereโs lots of advice out there about how to keep body and brain in optimal shape as the years roll by.
But Louis Cozolino, professor of psychology at Pepperdine University, is deeply engaged with another idea. In Cozolinoโs book,ย Timeless: Natureโs Formula for Health and Longevity, he emphasizes the positive impact of human relationships.
โHow we bond and stay attached to others is at the core of our resilience, self-esteem, and physical health,โ Cozolino writes. โWe build the brains of our children through our interaction with them, and we keep our own brains growing and changing throughout life by staying connected to others.โ
Mindful Couple
5 Effective ways to strengthen your relationship:
Spend time with the right people
We generally become more and more like the people with whom we spend our time. The more we see someone model a behavior and see that behavior being reinforced in positive ways, the more likely we are to try it out ourselvesโwhether itโs a friend having success with a new exercise routine or a partner staying calm during disagreements by tuning into their breath.
One of the most fundamental ways to make sure your relationships are helping you grow is to surround yourself with the right people. Some relationships frustrate us, some make us happy, and some challenge us (and some relationships do all three!). While it isnโt always easy to stop and start relationships, of course, we can aim to spend more time with the people who challenge us.
Create goals with others
Who says that goal setting should be a solitary venture?
When we share our goals with others, we immediately have someone to keep us accountable. It is difficult to stay on track with a goal all the time, but itโs easier if we have someone to help us work through an obstacle or pick us up when we fall.
The social support that we receive from others is incredibly powerful, particularly during those tough times. When the pressure is high, those who have greater levels of social support tend to experience less stress.
We may also be more motivated when we are working toward a goal with someone else. Think about being pushed by a running mate to jog a little faster than you would otherwise. Or giving up your Saturday for a service project because a friend is doing the same thing. Sometimes we need someone else to inspire us to be our best.
Ask for feedback
Itโs usually up to us to decide on the areas where we could use some self-improvement. And while this process of self-reflection is important, we can sometimes be bad judges of our own abilities; we usually assume we know much more than we actually do. So why not look to our relationships as a source of feedback about where we can improve?
Feedback is crucial for our development. Research has shown that when we seek feedback and use it as an opportunity for growth, we are more likely to improve over time. How much faster would that process be if we went and asked for feedback instead of waiting for it to come? Imagine your partnerโs reaction if you were to ask for feedback on what you could have done differently after a big fight, or how blown away your teenager would be if you asked how you could be a better parent this school year.
Our positive relationships represent a safe space for us to work on ourselves with support from people who care about us. But sometimes we have to make the first move and ask for that support.
Use your broader network
Just like financial capital, social capital is a valuable resource that we can invest in for our own good. The more meaningful relationships we have, the more social resources become available. We often find work or beloved hobbies through our relationships, even at three or four degrees of separationโlike your brotherโs wifeโs friend, who heard about that great new job opening.
In addition to exposing us to new ideas, activities, and opportunities, social capital also frees us up to do more of the things we are good at when we find others to help with the things we arenโt as good at. This has benefits at home and at work: For example, employees are more engaged when they get to spend more time using their strengths. And teenagers are happier and less stressed when their parents focus on building their strengths.
Be grateful
Gratitude has long been promoted as a way of increasing our happiness, but it also motivates us toward self-improvement. If you want a simple boost from your relationships, you can start by just practicing gratitude for them. The act of being thankful can increase our confidence and encourage us to move forward with our goals, perhaps because it tends to make us feel more connected to people and creates feelings of elevationโa strong positive emotion that comes when we see others do good deeds.
So think about someone who has helped you a great deal in the past, and reach out to thank them. Not only will that exchange feel good for both of you, but it might also reignite a relationship that can spark your further growth.
The Internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world. Through the Internet, people can share information and communicate from anywhere with an Internet connection.In the present world without internet nothing will happen.INTERNET is a short form of Interconnected Network of all the Web Servers Worldwide. It is also called the World Wide Web or simply the Web.The Internet is used for many things, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web. The most used service on the Internet is the World Wide Web.Internet is a system that interconnects the different computer systems across the world. … The Internet system carries an extensive range of information resources and services including World Wide Web (WWW), telephony, electronic mail, etc. It uses standard internet protocols, such as TCP/IP and HTTP, etc.
Internet is a global network that connects billions of computers across the world with each other and to the World Wide Web. It uses standard internet protocol suite to connect billions of computer users worldwide. It is set up by using cables such as optical fibers and other wireless and networking technologies. At present, internet is the fastest mean of sending or exchanging information and data between computers across the world.
Advantages of the Internet:–
Instant Messaging: You can send messages or communicate to anyone using internet, such as email, voice chat, video conferencing, etc.
Get directions: Using GPS technology, you can get directions to almost every place in a city, country, etc. You can find restaurants, malls, or any other service near your location.
Online Shopping: It allows you to shop online such as you can be clothes, shoes, book movie tickets, railway tickets, flight tickets, and more.
Pay Bills: You can pay your bills online, such as electricity bills, gas bills, college fees, etc.
Online Banking: It allows you to use internet banking in which you can check your balance, receive or transfer money, get a statement, request cheque-book, etc.
Online Selling: You can sell your products or services online. It helps you reach more customers and thus increases your sales and profit.
Work from Home: In case you need to work from home, you can do it using a system with internet access. Today, many companies allow their employees to work from home.
Entertainment: You can listen to online music, watch videos or movies, play online games.
Cloud computing: It enables you to connect your computers and internet-enabled devices to cloud services such as cloud storage, cloud computing, etc.
Career building: You can search for jobs online on different job portals and send you CV through email if required.
Types of internet connections include:-
* DSL (digital subscriber line).
* cable broadband.
* fibre optic broadband.
* wireless or Wi-Fi broadband.
* satellite and mobile broadband. dedicated leased line.
Have you ever wondered how some people have a natural ability to express their opinions and views confidently, politely turn down the things that they donโt want to do and still manage to maintain a good rapport with people ? Do you think it is some superpower that they are born with ? Well, this superpower that they possess is called Assertiveness. And the good news is that with the help of the right strategies and dedicated practice, you too can develop this superpower.
What is assertiveness ?
Assertiveness is a healthy behaviour that helps you express your views, feelings, needs and desires in a calm, clear and reasonable way without disrespecting the other person.It is a crucial life skill that enables you to stand up for your rights without undermining those of others’. Assertiveness doesnโt come naturally to most people. Often, they tend to respond passively or end up responding aggressively. At times people may also choose to respond in a passive-aggressive manner, which can be considered as a combination of these two types.
Passive people often end up doing things that they really donโt want to do in an attempt to please others and eventually it takes a toll on their self esteem and confidence. On the other hand, the aggressive ones, though most of the time manage to get their ways, often find their insecurities getting worse due to their behaviour and end up being lonely and dissatisfied in life. In the case of passive aggressive responses, it may work well initially, but in the long run, the guilt of not being open and honest with people starts weighing them down and affects their relationships with people adversely.
By being assertive, you are honest in your thoughts and words and express yourself clearly, while remaining empathetic and fair. An assertive person knows how to strike a balance between speaking up for himself and respecting the rights and beliefs of the other person. They are firm without being rude and also adept at handling their emotions.
Well, it all sounds good in theory, but putting it into practice requires a lot of effort. Be prepared for the numerous sighs, eye rolls, I-Can’t-Believe-You-Said-No lectures, rants on how disrespectful and rude you are etc., that are bound to come your way during this journey of being assertive. But trust me once you have passed the initial phase of discomfort, you will find that itโs way less stressful and a lot easier to express yourself effectively.
How to be assertive?
Have a clear idea about your core values and beliefs
Only if you have a clear understanding about yourself and your core values, will you be able to express yourself clearly and confidently. A good place to start is by assessing your behaviour, style and thought pattern. Identify those beliefs that prevent you from standing up for yourself. Look out for the triggers that blow your fuse. Dig deeper into your mind and identify your core values. Ask yourself whether your actions and responses align with your core values. This understanding of yourself and your values is the foundation of self confidence which in turn is the cornerstone of assertiveness.
Speak up even if your voice shakes
Whenever you find yourself in a situation where you donโt particularly agree on the thing that the majority agrees with, instead of nodding along or yelling at them, try putting across your views honestly in a clear and composed tone. It might be difficult in the beginning and you might have a hard time controlling your emotions and tone. But with practice youโll find your confidence and ability to articulate your thoughts gradually improving. Trust the process and keep practicing.
Accept both the bricks and bouquets gracefully
Whenever you are starting out on something new, you are bound to face criticisms and if you are lucky you might end up winning a few compliments as well. Accept both with an open mind. Graciously accept the compliments and train yourself to handle criticisms positively.
I.Wish.I.Could.But.I.Donโt.Want.To
If you were to ask a people pleaser what scares him the most – dealing with Dracula or saying No – chances are high that his answer would be the latter. Well, saying No can be hard not just for people pleasers but for everyone. But it is one of the crucial skills to master on your journey of becoming an assertive person. Acknowledge the request and then give a short but clear and honest reply. Remember that neither do you owe anybody a justification nor an apology for your decision. In any relationship, people generally appreciate transparency and by being open and honest about your feelings you are doing yourself as well as the other person a favour.
Practice Active Listening
Active listening is a skill that helps you better understand the other personโs perspective. While being assertive, respecting and considering the other personโs opinions and views is as important as articulating your thoughts. So it is important that you pay attention to what the other person says. Donโt shy away from asking questions if you need further information or clarification. By giving the other person room to explain himself, you are laying the basis for a constructive discussion and by attentively listening to him you are giving yourself a chance to view things from his perspective.
Watch your tone and body language
To have the desired impact, itโs not enough that you express yourself respectfully and honestly but you also need to maintain an assertive body language and tone while you speak. A relaxed open posture, good eye contact and the perfect mix of firmness and composure in the tone play a vital role in projecting your confidence. And this applies both when you are speaking as well as listening.
โIโ vs โYouโ
While expressing yourself, one thing that you need to keep remaining yourself is that your focus should be on the issue and not on pulling the other person down. To get your points across firmly and respectfully, use phrases like โI feelโ, โIn my opinionโ, โI would likeโ etc . The impact the expression โI feel that my choice would be better in this caseโ makes is way different from the one the expression โYour choice is terribleโ makes . The latter points fingers at the other person and ridicules his choice whereas the former gets your point across without engaging in the blame game.
Take a moment to reflect on your progress
Every time, after youโve faced a situation where you acted assertively or at least tried to do so, take a moment to reflect on what went well and what did not. Remember not to be too hard on yourself. Taking time out to review your progress helps you in understanding how far you have come in this journey of being assertive. It also gives you an opportunity to identify your weak points and the areas you need to work on. Also, helps you in identifying your behavioural patterns and thought process better. Consistent practice, along with periodic reflection, makes sure that your ride ahead is safe and smooth
Final Thoughts
Assertiveness may be a natural trait for a lucky few, but for most people it is a skill that needs practice and time to develop. During this journey, if you find yourself slipping to aggressive or passive modes, at times, just keep in mind that even the person who has won the โThe Most Assertive Person of the Yearโ award may not respond assertively 100% of the time. Instead of beating yourself up for such occasional goof ups, focus your attention on learning from them and fine tuning your assertiveness skills. Good Luck !
The disturbing thoughts swim in the conscience as one could clearly hear the sound of social implosion in Ram Madhvaniโs compelling thriller, lined with commentary on media ethics
In the week of big public apology, comes a film where a common man seeks repentance from a powerful minister for not being able to do his duty. A gutsy idea that fills you with nervous energy, the film is an official remake of a Korean flick but, closer home, it reminds you of the angry common man of โA Wednesdayโ.
In the Neeraj Pandey film, the desperate everyman threatened to bomb Mumbai, here the despairing migrant crosses the line. The film makes you wonder what has changed in the last decade. Perhaps, the trust of the marginalised has been breached. Perhaps, it was reflected during the mass exodus from big cities to villages during the pandemic. It is not that the last man standing in the row was getting attention earlier but he was not being fed hope by a section of rapacious media. His trust was not being played with 24×7.
What seems like a โusualโ terror attack/ hostage situation to him that he intends to milk, quickly turns personal as his estranged wife (Mrunal Thakur) is reporting from ground zero. Even as the threat lurks into the newsroom, the remnant of journalism left in his system is smoked out by a hard-nosed producer Ankita Malaskar (Amruta Subhash). For her, truth and news are two different things.
In the ensuing moral battle, it becomes increasingly clear who is the bigger villain of the piece. But, at the same time, the narrative also becomes increasingly predictable. As the taut thriller starts getting flaccid, you start picking up faults in the plot. When a film takes a high moral ground, the margin to slip also reduces. When a film that seeks to expose the artifice of prime-time news starts looking staged, it pains.
The set design and cinematography are top-notch but the functioning of the newsroom, the motivations of the โvillainโ, and the actions of the officer of the anti-terror unit (Vikas Kumar) leave you unsated. After taking you to the edge of the seat, the climax is a tad disappointing. A few more drafts, a little more sharpness would have helped. No such issue with Amruta who excels in a minutely observed character that exemplifies the state of a section of electronic news media.
Karthik has been astutely cast in the role of the hollow television anchor fattened by opportunism, teleprompter, and TRPs. Like in โLove Aaj Kalโ, he plays the โstrayingโ part well but when it comes to the transformation, he fumbles. Thankfully, that portion is short here.
BA in English Literature is an undergraduate course that is opted for following the completion of the 10+2 formal schooling. Do you have a knack for analysing poetry or writing one? Are you keen about learning the history and evolution of different forms of arts and literature? Then a BA in English Literature was an ideal choice for your graduation. Many great inventions today across different fields such as astronomy, engineering and medicine are influenced by ancient literature and several art forms.
For example, Nicolaus Copernicusโ book โThe revolutions of the celestial spheresโ popularised the heliocentric theory that proposed the sun as the centre of the universe. With the majority of students opting for medical, engineering or legal degrees, Bachelor of Arts as a degree course is often undermined. There are a lot of common misconceptions and stigmas surrounding this graduation course.ย
Students studying BA in English Literature are assumed to lackluster in studies.
It is a course often idealised as suitable for women.
Students opting for BA in English LIterature can only become a teacher or professor.
Many students graduate in English Literature as they are passionate about what the course has to offer. Although women are the majority among English Literature graduates, Men also specialise in this field and go on to pursue post graduation alongside women.
As we have debunked some of the misconceptions and stigmas surrounding BA in English Literature, let us look at the doors of opportunities this course leads us to.
Courses to take up after BA In English Literature
BA in English Literature is a three year graduation course that familiarises you with the evolution of English language and its literature through plays, different forms of poems, novels and theatre. Its curriculum consists of literary analysis, literary criticism and communication skills. Graduating in English Literature qualifies you for several job opportunities and higher studies.
For further specialisation or better job opportunities, doing a Masters course following BA in English Literature might be an ideal choice.
Here are the following courses you can consider following your graduation in English Literature.
MA in Communication is a postgraduate program for the duration of 2 years which equips students with information regarding transmitting messages and principles of communication.
This masters course prepares its candidates for professions such as film directors, producers, screenwriters, journalists, public relations officers, and other professional careers.
Eligibility
Minimum requirement for admission to MA in Communication is a Bachelorโs degree in any stream from a recognized university.
Students must have secured 50% in their bachelorโs degree course.
Candidates may be required to pass entrance exams conducted by specific colleges or universities.
Employment Opportunities
Choosing MA in Communication following BA in English Literature can set you up for the following employment roles.ย
MA in Sociology is a postgraduate program like MA in Communication. Students keen about social studies, politics and economics can pursue this masters course following BA in English Literature. The MA Sociology curriculum consists of the study of religion and society, political society, Indian society, economy and society, social development, and research in sociology.
Eligibility
Interested candidates must be graduated in any stream of education from a reputed university.
Candidates must have scored a minimum of 50% in the undergraduate level.
Some colleges expect students to be a graduate in psychology while the others accept candidates across different streams.
Colleges conduct entrance exams that need to be cleared by the admission seeking candidates.
Employment Opportunities
MA in Sociology opens doors to an expansive range of career opportunities after your graduation in English Literature. Following are some of the job profiles that might get you interested.
Nothing seems more appropriate than studying for MA in English Literature post your graduation from BA in English Literature. This post graduation course in English Literature is the study of ancient and modern English literature, consisting of poetry, drama and fiction. Literature in the English language is not only written by English authors from England but also writers from across the world.
Post graduation in English Literature sets you up for job profiles such as a teacher or a journalist. Candidates interested in writing and translating for agencies can also benefit from this masters course.
Eligibility
Already being a graduate in English Literature, one needs to make sure that he or she has earned upto 50% marks to be qualified for admission.ย
Your graduation course should be from a recognized university.
Admissions can be provided on both merit basis as well as clearance of entrance exams.ย
Employment Opportunities
Upon completion of your post graduation course, you will be qualified for the following job profiles.
Bachelor of Law is a popular choice for higher studies among graduates of English Literature. A degree in LLB familiarises students with environmental law, consumer protection act, arbitration, and insurance law including others. Following the completion of Bachelor in Law, candidates can opt to study LLM (Masters of Law) for further specialisation, practice law after registering with certain agencies or take up careers as legal professionals in public or private sectors.
Eligibility
Students aspiring to study Bachelor of Law must have graduated from a recognized university with an aggregate of 45% in any stream.
Selection for the course is based on the results from entrance exams such as SLAT, CUET, and CLAT.
Employment Opportunities
Careers after a Bachelor of Law are not confined to courtroom duties involving defending clients. Law graduates today have scope for job profiles in corporate firms, legal agencies, IT firms, and administrative services. Following are some of the job profiles mentioned below.
Graduates who want to begin a career in the field of teaching can further study Bachelor of Education. This post graduation course acquaints the candidates with different learning methods and Pedagogy of a school subject. The course lasts for a duration of 3 to 4 years.
After the completion of B.Ed, clearing aptitude tests such as TET and CTET will qualify you for teaching in primary and secondary schools.ย
Eligibility
A bachelorโs degree from a recognized university with 50% aggregate marks.
A masterโs degree from a recognized university with 50% aggregate marks.
Aspirants for B.Ed must be at least 21 years old, irrespective of their graduation or post graduation.
Job Profiles
Job profiles for B.Ed graduates are usually related to the field of teaching. One can become a teacher with specialisation in a particular subject or head teacher in a primary or secondary school.
Happy Learning!
References
Vinayak Kashyap, mycourseguru.in/courses after ba english/
Team Careers360 | Updated on Sep 29, 2021 – 3:32 p.m. IST career360.com/10 best career options to progress with after llb degree/
Letโs begin by knowing what Mass Media or Mass Communication is. Mass media refers to the media technologies such as movies, songs, news, podcasts, advertisements and photos, that are utilized to carry information to the masses.
Importance of Mass Media
This blog you are reading is helping you gain knowledge about Mass Media and communication. Hence this blog becomes a media technology and educating you in the field of Mass Media defines its importance. From applying for a job to reaching out to a friend on your phone, everything becomes a portion of Mass Media as they help users pass on information from one place to another or one person to another.
Here are some advantages of Mass Media to highlight its importance.
It becomes a voice for the voiceless: Mass Media provides every individual with an opportunity to practice their freedom of speech and spread their ideas among the world. YouTube is a great example of Mass Media. As a platform in this 21st century it helps both small and large creators publish their videos for everybody to watch.
Enables widespread communication: Today, the world is often referred to as a global village. This is made possible due to several types of mass media technologies such as social media, internet, and other digital content. It helps governments, businesses and organizations to communicate with each other and stay connected.
Diversifying culture: Mass Media helps in diversifying languages and cultures beyond its place of origin. A good internet connection and a mobile phone or a computer is all you need to learn a new language or gain knowledge about a new culture. You can even take a peek around the world without leaving your home.
The Evolution of Mass Media
Mass Media can be traced back to the 800 AD which consisted of prehistoric arts, writings and some basic printing technology. The introduction of Gutenbergโs printing press in the 1450s helped art and literature gain a wider reach among the people.The year 1605 witnessed the publishing of the first weekly newspaper in Antwerp, known as โRelationโ. This was followed by the inventions of radio and television in 1895 and 1925 respectively. Finally in 1990, the world wide web was introduced by Tim Berners Lee.
The number of people benefiting from these media technologies witnessed a steady growth from a handful, to thousands, and millions with the introduction of newspapers, radios and televisions. Today, due to the internet, these numbers are reaching billions. In 2018, the number of World Wide Webโs users was estimated to be 4 billion.
The 21st century has introduced the ability for even individuals to broadcast a customised message for thousands across the globe. You no longer need to be a part of some huge networking channel to do so. A good internet connection and a hand held device can do the job.
The functions of Mass Media
Mass Media, in the form of writing, podcasting, and publishing, has a significant effect on the masses. Commercials on television, billboards and social media influence the audience into buying a product or availing a service. Hence companies across the world look for suitable mediums such as social media, blogs, forums, or video streaming platforms to convey their messages based on their businesses. Once they find the right mass media technology, they conduct campaigns to communicate their ideas.
Majority of the companies today create and maintain their social media pages, maintain blog posts on their websites, and run advertisements on video streaming platforms to educate viewers about their products or to entertain them. These define the functionality of Mass Media.
Courses in the field of Mass Media and communication
After addressing the โWhโ questions of Mass Media, let us dive into the courses one can opt for in the field of Mass Media and communication. There are three kinds of courses available for aspiring students in the field of Mass Media and communication. Courses at undergraduate, postgraduate and diploma levels.
Both the course levels familiarise students both practically and theoretically in the field of Mass Media and Communication.
Eligibility for courses in Mass Media and communication (UG PG)
A student aspiring to seek admission in a Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communication course, he or she must fulfil some eligibility criterias.
The applicant should have completed senior secondary schooling (10+2) from a recognized university.
The applicant must have scored a minimum of 50% from the aggregate in their senior secondary schooling.
Similarly, students aspiring for seeking admission in the Master of Arts in Mass Communication course must fulfil the following eligibility criterias.
The applicant must have a Bachelorโs degree in any stream from a recognized university.
The applicant must have scored a minimum of 50% from the aggregates in their Bachelorโs degree.
Institutes may also require you to give an entrance exam to fulfil the admission process.
Hereโs what you will learn from Mass Media and Communication courses
Courses in Mass Media helps you get acquainted with subjects such as Public Relations, Design and Graphics, Digital Media, Reporting and Editing for Print Media, Data Journalism, Photojournalism, Event Management, and Media Law and Ethics. The courses are inclusive of Computer based learning, Guest Lectures, Seminars, Workshops, Massive Open Online Courses, Individual and Group projects, and community based projects.
Scope for Mass Media courses under employment prospect.
With an increase in media technologies following new inventions and establishments such as Television Channels, Radio Stations, Advertising Agencies, PR Agencies, etc. Scope in this field is also parallely increasing. Here are some of the job profiles candidates can look out for upon completion of the course.
Journalism
Public Relations
Advertising
Media Planner
Broadcasting and Production
Event Manager
Conclusion
Mass Media and Communication as a field in academics has a great scope in India and overseas. Freshers with expertise in specific areas and sufficient experience will be hired by prominent media companies for different job profiles. Individuals with good communication skills, writing proficiency, and passion for learning can pursue an undergraduate or a postgraduate course in Mass Media and Communication.
References
Ritika Shrivastava, May 17, 2021 09:36 IST, shiksha.com
HC restrains chairpersons from taking major decisions.
The division bench of Justice Rajiv Shakdher and Justice Talwant Singh said that the power to appoint chairpersons is expressly conferred upon the executive council and not the vice-chancellor. Rejecting the varsityโs argument that the VC had exercised the powers under Statue 4(5) of the Statute of the university, the court said that the VC can exercise such powers only when immediate action is required โon account of emergent situationโ, which then is reported to the concerned authority for obtaining its approval.
Observing that Sood had objected to the agenda for the 296th meeting of the executive council and informed the latter that the appointments made by the VC are flawed, the court said therefore prima facie the authorities were put to notice that the course on which they were proceeding was perhaps not the correct one.
โDespite this, respondent no.2 (VC), it appears, went on to appoint the Chairpersons of the concerned Centres/Special Centres,โ reads the order.
The division bench also noted a submission made by Soodโs counsel Abhik Chimni that after a single bench of the high court refused to stay the nine appointments made by the VC, he went ahead with the appointment of another person as chairperson of Centre of Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Latin American Studies/School of Language, Literature & Cultural Studies on October 08, again exercising the emergency powers vested in him.
Observing that the vice-chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) is not vested with the power to appoint chairpersons of centres, the Delhi High Court has restrained the nine chairpersons appointed by Prof M Jagadesh Kumar from taking any major decisions, including those relating to the convening of selection committees or carrying out selections concerning the centres or special centres.
The division bench of Justice Rajiv Shakdher and Justice Talwant Singh said that the power to appoint chairpersons is expressly conferred upon the executive council and not the VC.
โTherefore, prima facie, respondent no.2 could not have exercised the power to appoint Chairpersons of Centres/Special Centres,โ said the court, adding that the appointments made by the VC prima facie are without authority.
The court was hearing a matter relating to the appointment of professors as chairpersons of the centres or special centres by the VC. Professor Atul Sood has approached the court with a petition challenging the approval granted by the executive council to the nine appointments made by the VC. It has been argued before the court that the appointments cannot emanate from the VC.
Every person has their own language of expression. Each being express themselves in a way that is so unique to them and that way gives them next level comfort and warmth. Every morning they find one or other way of letting people know what they are feeling but the best way they can and should and mostly express themselves is through their love language. A language that makes them more of themselves and less of everyone else, a language that describes them in the most perfect way, a language that makes them free, independent and illuminated. This language is so pure and pious. And this language as said, have many forms and states but with each different personality these forms and states of this language also becomes different making it not only unique but special in its own way.
Poetry has to be the one that is close to my heart and special to my personality. But as mentioned, it might not necessarily be same poetry as someone else. I might write in way that not only describes my state of mind but also my insecurities or even the thoughts that are deep engraved in by sub-conscious. My language has to be poetry, it is the way I express myself. My poetries not only make me free but also lead me out of the dark tunnel of silence in to the world that has bright sunny day of full of thoughts and intellect. I express only grief, anger, or despair through my poetries but also, love, compassion and even bliss through it. Every emotion finds its place in my poetry and just fit well in its position to portray myself being just the way I want to.
Some people have painting as their language. They communicate their thoughts, feelings through painting them in colours. They choose red for love and green for happiness and black for grief and they go for white to describe peace. These colours express them way better than words could ever. They paint the canvas of their life with these colours of emotions and passion and at the same convey their opinions in the most colourful way to the person across the room. They have colour for each occasion and they have the best strokes to kill the heart breaking moments of life. Their paintings not only describe them as the painter who knows how well to use colours but those pieces are the reflection of their inner self and that they paint a part of themselves with each of their painting and say it out loud in those art works just as perfectly anybody could through writing.
Along with these languages that mostly involve the imagination in their expression, there come are languages that help beings express themselves through the moves of their body. Dance as they say, one must dance to express, not to impress has to be one of the most powerful of expressing and channeling their inner energy in conveying what they want to. With all the gloomy days taking a toll on the dancers they become quite and choose to perform only for themselves or on the music that fits their conditions but sometimes, their performance has a glow that shows us how happy or contended they are. This dance language is the language that makes us express through our body, a language that makes us believe in the beauty of this self that god created.
Computer Crime Cyber crime encompasses any criminal act dealing with computers and networks (called hacking).Additionally, cyber crime also includes traditional crimes conducted through the internet. For example; The computer may be used as a tool in the following kinds of activity- financial crimes, sale of illegal articles, pornography, online gambling, intellectual property crime, e-mail spoofing, forgery, cyber defamation, cyber stalking.The computer may however be target for unlawful acts in the following cases- unauthorized access to computer/ computer system/ computer networks, theft of information contained in the electronic form, e-mail bombing, Trojan attacks, internet time thefts, theft of computer system, physically damaging the computer system
Cyber Law is the law governing cyberspace. Cyberspace is a wide term and includes computers, networks,software, data storage devices (such as hard disks, USB disks), the Internet, websites, emails and even electronic devices such as cell phones, ATM machines etc.
Computer crimes encompass a broad range of potentially illegal activities. Generally, however, it may be divided into one of two types of categories
(1) Crimes that target computer networks or devices directly; Examples – Malware and malicious code, Denial-of-service attacks and Computing viruses.
(2) Crimes facilitated by computer networks or devices, the primary target of which is independent of the computer network or device. Examples – Cyber stalking, Fraud and identity theft, Phishing scams and Information warfare.
CASE STUDIES
Case no:1 Hosting Obscene Profiles (Tamil Nadu)
The case is about the hosting obscene profiles. This case has solved by the investigation team in Tamil Nadu. The complainant was a girl and the suspect was her college mate. In this case the suspect will create some fake profile of the complainant and put in some dating website. He did this as a revenge for not accepting his marriage proposal. So this is the background of the case.
Investigation Process
Letโs get into the investigation process. As per the complaint of the girls the investigators started investigation and analyze the webpage where her profile and details. And they log in to that fake profile by determining its credentials, and they find out from where these profiles were created by using access log. They identified 2 IP addresses, and also identified the ISP. From that ISP detail they determine that those details are uploaded from a cafรฉ. So the investigators went to that cafรฉ and from the register and determine suspect name. Then he got arrested and examining his SIM the investigators found number of the complainant.
Conclusion
The suspect was convicted of the crime, and he sentenced to two years of imprisonment as well as fine.
Case no:2 Illegal money transfer (Maharashtra)
ThIS case is about an illegal money transfer. This case is happened in Maharashtra. The accused in this case is a person who is worked in a BPO. He is handling the business of a multinational bank. So, he had used some confidential information of the banks customers and transferred huge sum of money from the accounts.
Investigation Process
Letโs see the investigation process of the case. As per the complaint received from the frim they analysed and studied the systems of the firm to determine the source of data theft. During the investigation the system server logs of BPO were collected, and they find that the illegal transfer were made by tracing the IP address to the internet service provider and it is ultimately through cyber cafรฉ and they also found that they made illegal transfer by using swift codes. Almost has been The registers made in cyber cafรฉ assisted in identifying the accused in the case. Almost 17 accused were arrested.
Conclusion
Trail for this case is not completed, its pending trial in the court.
Case no:3 Creating Fake Profile (Andhra Pradesh)
The next case is of creating fake profile. This case is happened in Andhra Pradesh. The complainant received obscene email from unknown email IDs. The suspect also noticed that obscene profiles and pictures are posted in matrimonial sites.
Investigation Process
The investigators collect the original email of the suspect and determine its IP address. From the IP address he could confirm the internet service provider, and its leads the investigating officer to the accused house. Then they search the accused house and seized a desktop computer and a handicam. By analysing and examining the desktop computer and handicam they find the obscene email and they find an identical copy of the uploaded photos from the handicam. The accused was the divorced husband of the suspect.
Conclusion
Based on the evidence collected from the handicam and desktop computer charge sheet has been filed against accused and case is currently pending trial.
Hacking is a widespread crime nowadays due to the rapid development of the computer technologies. In order to protect from hacking there are numerous brand new technologies which are updated every day, but very often it is difficult to stand the hackerโs attack effectively.ย With some of these case studies, one is expected to learn about the cause and effect of hacking and then evaluate the whole impact of the hacker on the individual or the organization.
Childhood is the most memorable time in any personโs life and among all other things the television shows had to be the best part of the evenings in those days. All the different characters, with so simple yet entertaining story lines let us enjoy our little make believe world so much so that we would wait for school to get over and be home and watch those shows. With development and advancement in technology and easier accessibility to the shows any time, any where the butterflies that waiting for those shows would give the children in those days do not easily come to children these days. These shows were sometimes superficial and most of the time fiction still made our childhood better and more fun. Here are some the most loved and remembered shows of those times:
SHARARAT
If you are true magic fan you definitely loved SHARARAT. This was a show with three generations engaging in magic and living their lives as PARIS. With Jia being the main protagonist who would always mess up her magic spells and get herself and people around her in trouble and her NANI coming to her rescue, always cleaning her mess and thereby giving a life lesson with the beauty of magic had to give us the most funny moments of all the times.
AGADAM BAGDAM TIGDAM
Do you think you have the craziest family? Wait till you meet a family that has apples as their phones and has smoke coming out of their ears now and then and belong to a planet named ZOLTAR, now this is what you call actual crazy. This show revolves around the MALHOTRAS who happen to be aliens looking like humans surviving on Earth while trying to keep their secret safe come what may. The show aired in 2007 and though might not have been as famous as others but was one of kind, first among the science fiction in the children dramas.
KYA MAST HAI LIFE
If you follow Shaheer Sheikh you definitely know him from the days of this show. This had five main characters, all enjoying their college lives while being the coolest group in the college. There is no denying that this show raised our hopes for the perfect college life while we end up attending our farewells crawled up in blankets. The show made us fall in love with Shaheer way before we even knew the meaning of love. With actor like Shweta Tripathi reaching all the heights today still remains the cute Zeeniya who solved everyday problems of her friend Ritu telling us what true friendships are for us.
SHAKE IT UP
Though very few know or talk about this show now, but this was one of the first dance programmes that lit the fire of being a dancer on growing up in every child that saw it. The show is about two teenage boys who love dancing and even excel in it so much so that become a part of a dance reality show along with the troubles that they encounter and try and solve them all by themselves. It might not have been huge hit but still has to be a hidden gem.
All these shows were the coolest thing back in early 2000s and they gave us major streaming goals. we can only thank the makers of the shows for making our childhood more fun and giving us memories of a lifetime. We owe it to these shows.
The people of India have a special love for the language of English. With it being one of the official languages of India, people have obsessed over it now for years. It is considered supreme to any other local or regional language, the language of the elites, the language of the educated, the language of the rich, the language of the better, the language of the greater. Why the knowledge of an alien language has been recognised as the mark of standard or class? Why do Indians take pride in celebrating the English language more than any other? Why do the older generations boast about their children being able to speak English so much? Why do Indians being proud about their culture, traditions, ethnicity, customs and festivals are not as proud of their mother tongues as they are of English? These questions pop up every time a non- English speaking person is humiliated or belittled for their poor English speaking skills. But the real question is do we really need this toxicity of humiliating someone just for the sake of a mere language? No, absolutely we do not.
The answers to all these questions go back to the pre independent era. Ever since the British ruled over India they started with the policy of rejecting non-English, non-white, natives so as to establish strong foot of their supremacy. They dented the minds of naive Indians with the theory that only English speaking, white, educated (the western way) people were supreme and had the capability of ruling over others. With decades of humiliation and degradation, the people in pre independent India accepted the superiority of the English language and this made them bound to have inferiority complex about their very own language and mother tongue. The effect was so profound that even after independence, the people educated in English were considered better than those who were equally skilled but not in this supreme language. The Indian population were now interested in educating their children in an English medium school. The liking for the society with English read people enlarged to a level that it lead to the decay and ultimately the end of traditional schools with Indian native languages.
As Indiaโs economy started to grow and new industries and establishments were born, the culture of hiring mostly and after some time only English speaking people grew to an unexpected level. The new businesses wanted English conversing people as they were now associated with better intelligence and know how. When we look back into the history of the relation between English language and the skills or expertise or wisdom we do not find any strong logical evidence to support that. It was merely the supremacy of the language created by the British that Indians starting judging themselves on the basis of the English speaking skills. The interviews were taken only in English language so as to ensure their hold of the language. Students with better grip of this foreign speech were preferred over others. Even this lingo came to be recognised as the symbol of intelligent, sincere and best for any job students.
Society made it very clear with their over likeness towards English that only the privileged, classy, affluent and powerful individuals could afford and were entitled to this learning. This obsession with a foreign tongue was so unhealthy and unwanted that till this day citizens of India have not been able to accept the fact that it is just a language and that the understanding of this speech has nothing to do with intelligence or wisdom. The folks with lesser experience or practice in English are judged too quickly as being the lesser ones. There is a swift shift in peopleโs attitude after they realize they are conversing with someone with no skills for English language than with the one who is an expert in it. Though with developing nature of the society today, the respect and glory of the local, regional or native language that was lost decades ago is returning back but nevertheless the tilt towards the English language continues, bent enough to stay an obsession. ย
The variety of cartoon from my childhood time for which almost all kids from my generation have spend their all time watching is nothing compared to what the kids from these days generation are watching. And the biggest difference I make is that this generation shows have from mine were that most of the shows of my generation was anime and Japanese cartoon but now a days all the cartoon were shown to kids are mostly Indian based story cartoon and some rerun of my time anime.
I still remember how after doing my homework I run towards the tv punctually on 7 pm as the shows were to be start with good contented stories, continuity, good moral and each episodes make me curious at the end about all kind of the things like what gonna happen the next day. But the cartoon happens to kids favorite are all comical with no sense and no continuity , just for fun purpose only.
Some loved and epic shows still to be remembered and watched are –
NARUTO
Naruto was something else to talk about it was so popular around my time , bullshit it still is. As it being the anime of Japan dubbed in Hindi there was some changes in the line of story as the Naruto was parted into two- Naruto and Naruto Shippuden. In India, only Naruto was broadcasted Hindi dubbed and become much more popular than Indian cartoon were ever were among children around 9 and above. Popularity of cartoons are shown very different as their taglines becomes popular as in this case were the jutsu names, mainly the famous ” RASENGAN” were used in many imaginative fight between kids for fun.
DRAGON BALL AND DRAGON BALL Z
Dragon ball in one of the most famous anime broadcasted in India and were the most popular one among the kids. The story based on the baby found by an old man who named him Goku and his journey to learn martial arts and to fight the most powerful fighter around the world. As he moved forward with his journey he meet and make many friends and foes who he with and against fights for the world peace and sometimes for the dragon balls which makes some of the wishes of the callers true. With friends like Bulma, kuririn, Master Roshi , Piccolo etc being part of the gang and after being married to chichi and having a kid named Gohan and getting informed of him being a alien warrier species called “Saiyyan” bring more of the troubles in the name of “Vegeta” and with him the bigg boss ” frieza”. The most famous line of this show becomes the “KAMEHAMEHA” the powerful energy ball of attack and the real term call “CHI” the internal energy used in martial arts.
POKEMON
Pokemon was the only anime amongst the other animes whose mostly all season were broadcasted hindi dubbed in India. Story revolves around the main character Ash and his first pokemon Pikachu and his group of friends Misty and Broke, which he make during his journey to become a pokemon master was divided into many season based on regions while catching more pokemon to become more powerful. Most of the pokemon got popularity among kids, who chooses their own favourite pokemon and most popular was the one called pikachu, Bulbasaur, Charizard etc. This anime was the only one which was popular among all age group and gender kids because it involves both cute pokemon and the one who can fight.
TAKESHI’S CASTLE
Takeshi’s castle even being not an anime but still make it to this list as the fun and entertaining show is being among the kids was overwhelming in India and viewership wasn’t limited to just the kids but to adults also well with the show being what is was its expected to be like that. The fun format of the show was to have contestant over 80 to 150 people whom General Tani forced to participate in some series of physical challenges to eliminate half of the contestants and put them against his own henchmen and Count Takeshi in the FINAL SHOWDOWN. The best and fun part of the show find by the Indian viewer is the funny and witty commentary and comments by comedian Javed Jaffrey on the beaten and eliminated contestants. The funny henchmen and twisted and sadistic challenges were the attraction for the kids who find it funny and entertaining.
Social networking sites- these three words bring a very large world together on a single platform and in a simple and easy way. If we see the positive side, there are a number of benefits of social networking. How can we forget that how social media helped Malala Yusufzai become the youngest nominee for the noble peace prize. It were these sites only which made it possible not only for her but for 1000s of girls like her to have higher education. The social media has been playing a crucial role in making todayโs teens aware about the events around globe by just one click. Social media has proven to be the fastest medium to update ourselves with daily world events. Social media updates every single second bringing the entire world together every second. Although globalisation has to be given its due credit for bringing the world closer economically and further culturally but it is social media platforms that have made it possible for a person in India to watch a French show at the comfort of their home and without any extra cost. With these social networking sites not only now people could talk, interact, respond to someone in the opposite corner of the world but can also be there without actually being there.
Social networking sites have provided a platform for protesting in some rather unusual but effective ways, from BLACKLIVESMATTER to METOO to BRINGBACKOURGIRLS and many more social media have been proved to be the best way of protesting for the right and just cause. As social media does not connect people from just one city or country but all over the world the movements on social media have a greater impact and helps in bringing greater good in the society. Back in 2013 people from different parts of India were able to raise funds from different campaigns on Facebook, Twitter for Uttrakhand flood victims. In 2014 John Bunnel, a US based sheriff was able to mobilize 5000 youngster for a basic life support training campaign only through Facebook campaign. Our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi has been able to reach to a million people of our country on a personal level through his social media and special programme MANN KI BAAT. These sites made a 14 year old boy Ahammad Mohammed in America fight against the injustice he felt in his school for wearing a handmade watch. It was twitter and facebook only that brought on him the focus of the then President of USA Barack Obama and then later earned him a scholarship too.
There is no doubt that in todayโs modern era whether it is a motion of physics or politics of civics we can get all the useful links by just a single click. In no means we can deny that internet has changed everything for good and it is social media that has made it so flexible. It only depends on us, how we take it, as a head or as a tail. Social networking is an ever changing fad which in every field from communication to examination has become our supporting tool. Today no one can even imagine a life without these social networking sites. From dusk to dawn, from entertainment to welfare, our lives now run on these media platform platforms. And as harmful as itโs over usage is as beneficial is its appropriate use.
Poverty still rising all over the world, COVID-19 pandemic made it even worse. About 1.89 billion people, or nearly 36% of the worldโs population, lived in extreme poverty. Nearly half the population in developing countries lived on less than $1.25 a day. Why should we spend money on space exploration when we already have so many problems here on Earth? Is it really that important? Itโs like What if our ancestors thought that it would be a waste of time to figure out agriculture while we can do hunting? Or why should we spend so much time on exploring new lands while we have so many problems in our land? Each year, space exploration contributes to a lot of innovations on earth. It gave answers to many fundamental questions about our existence, and a lot of questions there to be answered if only we could increase our investment on space exploration. NASA’s annual budget is 23 billion dollars but, its only 0.1% of the total revenue. even if we were to increase the international budget 20 times it would only be a small fraction of GDP. isn’t our future worth a quarter of a percent?
“That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”.
Benefits of space exploration:
Improves our day to day life
Since 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first human to ever set foot on moon, our interest in science and technology has improved a lot. In 22nd February 1978, US space agency launched the first satellite for its program of global positioning system (GPS). Currently there are 31 global positioning system (GPS) satellites orbiting the earth.Space exploration helped us to create many inventions like television, camera phones, internet, laptops, LEDโs, wireless gadgets, purifying system of water and many more that we are using in our day to day life. There are nearly 3,372 active satellites providing information on navigation, business & finance, weather, climate and environmental monitoring, communication and safety.
Improving health care
ย ย ย ย ย ย The international space station plays a vital role in health and medical advancements. The Astronauts who works on the ISS able to do experiments that arenโt possible on earth due to the difference in the gravity. The project of Exomedicine – the study of medicine and micro-gravity, gravity has an effect on a molecular level so working in an environment where it can be eliminated from the equation allows discoveries that would otherwise be impossible. Medical advancements due to space exploration include,
Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Treatment of chronic metabolic disorders
Better understanding of osteoporosis
Improvements in Breast cancer detection
Programmable pacemakers
Laser angioplasty
NASAโs device with Space technology for Asthma
ISS plays vital role in vaccine development
Early detection of immune changes prevents shingles
Development of MRI s and CT or CAT Scans
And invention of ear thermometers
Proxima Centauri b is an exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri
Need for space colonization
Overpopulation is one of the major crises in our planet. Currently we have 7.8 billion people alive on earth. Experts predict that there will be 9.7 billion people by 2050 and 11 billion by 2100, our earth can carry only 9 billion to 12 billion people with the limited food and freshwater resources. That means we have to find an exoplanet with suitable conditions soon. We already went to moon 6 times, we already sent a rover to Mars. Robotic missions are cost efficient, but if one is considering the future of human race we have to go there ourselves. Elon Musk announced that SpaceX is going to send people to Mars I 2022. NASA planned to make a colony on Mars by 2030. These missions are not something we need at this moment. But it may play an important role on our future. Proxima Centauri b is an exoplanet which is 4.24 light years away from us. With our current technology, it is impossible to reach it in our lifetime. But we should make it as an aim for interstellar travel over the next 200 to 500 years. Stephen hawking said that the human race has existed as a separate species for about 2 million years. Civilization began about 10,000 years ago, and the rate of development has been steadily increasing. If the human race is to continue for another million years, we will have to boldly go where no one has gone before.
The day we stop exploring is the day we commit ourselves to live in a stagnant world, devoid of curiosity, empty of dreams. โNeil deGrasse Tyson
As we grow older, we sometimes forget about how much fun we had as children and how much we use to love waking up on Saturday morning and after returning from school to watch cartoons. Now that we are all grown up, it is easy to get lost in our long lists of things-to-do and forget to appreciate the little things.
The mind is a complicated thing, and although we have pushed back many of our childhood memories, it still harbours every theme song, character and saying that we use to live by. So, all it would take is for someone to hum a certain tune, and once recognized, you would probably be able to sing it out โ word by word.
If you recently happened to flip through the channels, you might have caught a glimpse of today’s cartoons and been slightly disappointed at what you saw. Times are changing and with that the quality of TV shows are rapidly disintegrating. So be happy that you were born when you were and make sure to take a trip down memory lane every once in a while.
SOME MOST APPRECIATED AND ENJOYED CARTOON DURING MY TIME
BOB THE BUILDER
Bob the builder is one of my favorite cartoon show and I thoroughly enjoyed watching it as a kid. And the title track of this cartoon is super iconic, it just freshes up all the beautiful memories of my childhood. The show focused on Bob a building contractor who solves all the problems with a positive attitude along with his vehicles who can actually talk.
THE POWERPUFF GIRLS
Whenever I think ofย Cartoons, the first thing that pops into my head is โPowerpuff Girls”. The Powerpuff Girls – Blossom, Bubbles, and Buttercup were created by Professor Utonium in an attempt to create the “perfect little girl” using a mixture of “sugar, spice, and everything nice”. However, he accidentally spilled a mysterious substance called “Chemical X” into the mixture, creating three girls and granting all three superpowers including flight, superhuman strength, superhuman speed, superhuman senses, nigh-invulnerability, x-ray vision, red heat vision, energy projection, space survivability, and thermal resistance. Despite being the main characters of the show, the villain of the show was most popular character i.e. MOJO JOJO and his popularity was so high that you could do a freaking show on Mojo JoJo alone!
ย Ed, Edd n Eddy
The show is based on three adolescent boys, Ed, Edd n’ Eddy. They hang around their suburban neighborhood of Peach Creek Estates, coming up with scams to con their peers for cash, so they can buy themselves a handful of their favorite treat, jawbreakers. Their plans normally fail though, leaving them in predicaments and situations that always go hay-wire. The characters almost never leave the neighborhood, and adults are nowhere to be seen, as well as any other kids. ย The characters are funny and the jokes are creative. Most of the episodes are funny with the Ed’s and my favorite one is Ed because he is stupid in a funny way and comes up with the most things he says. My least favorite characters are the Kanger Sisters, Kevin, Sarah, and Jimmy.
JOHNNY BRAVO
This is a show I grew up with. And probably the only show on this list that Iโve watched on and off for over a decade. Regardless of what age I was at,ย โJohnny Bravoโ has *always* made me laugh! And it made me laugh *a lot*! As you probably already know, Johnny is a 20 age something egotistical super-star wannabe.ย ย What makes โJohnny Bravoโ such a great show isnโt just the settings. Itโs purely the main character! Constant Banters between Johnny and his mother were the most hilarious one of all things.
RECESS
Recess is an American animated show that revolves around 6 brave elementary school kids. This cartoon show was best, it used to come on Disney channel. Almost every 90s kid has grown up watching recess in their childhood. It was just great watching recess after coming from school, this cartoon show holds so many beautiful childhood memories. This was the time where these idiotic storyline made me to cause ruckus in my own school and get punished very tough and fun time that was.
COURAGE THE COWARDLY DOG
โCourage the Cowardly Dogโย ย I Watched โCourageโ when I was 10 years old it was one of the 1st times I remember feelingโฆ genuinely disturbed while watching a cartoon. There was a real sense of atmosphere in these settings. The colors were this strange contrast of bleak, yet alien. It really added to the sense of mystery in the show. All with alien, curses , psychopaths follows the dogs like a bad mojo and add to it the hilarious abuse he get from his male owner. I watched it both in English and Hindi, I seriously found it more hilarious in Hindi dude that psycho barber episode really give me goosebumps.
DEXTERโs LABORATORYย
ย It mentions a scientific genius who conducts countless experiments in his secret laboratory while always keeping his eyes on his elder sister Dee Dee. This boy even has to use both his teeth and fingernail to prevent her from invading his lab.ย
POWER RANGERS FRANCHISE
Power ranger was one of the most enjoyed show of all times especially in my time, kids were hooked on the special postures and tag lines to transform in the super gears. Popularity of power ranger over the kids was equally in both gender despite having some violent fight sequence it didn’t affected its popularity. ย Each series revolves around a team of youths recruited and trained by a mentor to morph into the eponymous Power Rangers, able to use special powers and pilot immense assault machines, called Zords, to overcome the periodic antagonists.
These were some of my favourite show which was cherished and enjoyed not only by me but all from my age and still do.
In today’s world we can’t even imagine life without Technology. And since the pandemic broke out the technology has became an absolute necessity. In the current time, everything we do is mostly online whether it is classes, meetings, webinar etc. And this might be the way our future will be working.
Technology as friend
No place limitation : Technology has remove the hindrance of place as you can have your meetings classes webinars competition online from all over the world at any place in the any corner of the world
Connecting to a wider range of people: with the help of social media you can connect to wider range of people, know more about the culture tradition or you can connect with the people who like you, might be friends with you from any part of this world.
Learn coursesonline: it provides with the opportunity to learn online on your pace and time when ever you want.
Online payment : now no longer we have to keep a wallet with ourselves, we just need our smartphone and there is no fear of theft as everything is locked with secure password.
Online shopping : no need to roam shop to shop to get your favourite outfit or anything and at your price, home delivery with just one click.
Technology as foe
Slave of Technology: we are so much dependent on technology that we don’t use it are actually became a slave of it.
Loss of memory power : earlier when there were no call logs present, we use to remember the numbers of everyone but now we have started storing everything in our phones, laptop we have started losing the memory power.
Causing damage to Eyes : the screen time has increased ever since the pandemic has started everything we attend is online and it is causing damage to our eyes.
Online fraud : the cases for online fraud has increased as we don’t know whom to trust and whom to not. We are not meeting anyone personally or know where to report it.
Unethical hacking : hacking has increased which cause us loss of money in even leads to stalking.
Trolling and bullying online : everyone is on social media when we post anything there are mean comment, trolling, bullying which cause mental pressure.
At the end I want to say that there is a positive and a negative side of everything we should always focus on the positive side and stay happy in our life.
A group of cognitive psychologists, curriculum theorists and instructional researchers, and testing and assessment specialists published in 2001 a revision of Bloomโs Taxonomy with the titleย A Taxonomy for Teaching, Learning, and Assessment. This title draws attention away from the somewhat static notion of โeducational objectivesโ (in Bloomโs original title) and points to a more dynamic conception of classification.
The authors of the revised taxonomy underscore this dynamism, using verbs and gerunds to label their categories and subcategories (rather than the nouns of the original taxonomy). These โaction wordsโ describe the cognitive processes by which thinkers encounter and work with knowledge.
A statement of a learning objective contains a verb (an action) and an object (usually a noun).
The verb generally refers to [actions associated with] the intended cognitive process.
The object generally describes the knowledge students are expected to acquire or construct. (Anderson and Krathwohl, 2001, pp. 4โ5)
The cognitive process dimension represents a continuum of increasing cognitive complexityโfrom remember to create. Anderson and Krathwohl identify 19 specific cognitive processes that further clarify the bounds of the six categories.
The Cognitive Process Dimension โ categories, cognitive processes (and alternative names)
The knowledge dimension represents a range from concrete (factual) to abstract (metacognitive) (Table 2). Representation of the knowledge dimension as a number of discrete steps can be a bit misleading. For example, all procedural knowledge may not be more abstract than all conceptual knowledge. And metacognitive knowledge is a special case. In this model, โmetacognitive knowledge is knowledge of [oneโs own] cognition and about oneself in relation to various subject matters . . . โ (Anderson and Krathwohl)
The Knowledge Dimension
Factual
knowledge of terminology
knowledge of specific details and elements
Conceptual
knowledge of classifications and categories
knowledge of principles and generalizations
knowledge of theories, models, and structures
Procedural
knowledge of subject-specific skills and algorithms
knowledge of subject-specific techniques and methods
knowledge of criteria for determining when to use appropriate procedures
Metacognitive
strategic knowledge
knowledge about cognitive tasks, including appropriate contextual and conditional knowledge
self-knowledge
Bloomโs Revised Taxonomy Model
Note: These are learning objectives โ not learning activities. It may be useful to think of preceding each objective with something like, โstudents will be able toโฆ:
The Knowledge Dimension
Factual
The basic elements a student must know to be acquainted with a discipline or solve problems in it.
The Knowledge Dimension
Conceptual
The interrelationships among the basic elements within a larger structure that enable them to function together.
The Knowledge Dimension
Procedural
How to do something, methods of inquiry, and criteria for using skills, algorithms, techniques, and methods.
The Knowledge Dimension
Metacognitive
Knowledge of cognition in general as well as awareness and knowledge of oneโs own cognition
The Cognitive Process Dimension
Remember
Retrieve relevant knowledge from long-term memory.
Remember + Factual
List primary and secondary colors.
Remember + Conceptual
Recognize symptoms of exhaustion.
Remember + Procedural
Recall how to perform CPR.
Remember + Metacognitive
Identify strategies for retaining information.
The Cognitive Process Dimension
Understand
Construct meaning from instructional messages, including oral, written and graphic communication.
Understand + Factual
Summarize features of a new product.
Understand + Conceptual
Classify adhesives by toxicity.
Understand + Procedural
Clarify assembly instructions.
Understand + Metacognitive
Predict oneโs response to culture shock.
The Cognitive Process Dimension
Apply
Carry out or use a procedure in a given situation.
Apply + Factual
Respond to frequently asked questions.
Apply + Conceptual
Provide advice to novices.
Apply + Procedural
Carry out pH tests of water samples.
Apply + Metacognitive
Use techniques that match oneโs strengths.
The Cognitive Process Dimension
Analyze
Carry out or use a procedure in a given situation.
Analyze + Factual
Select the most complete list of activities.
Analyze + Conceptual
Differentiate high and low culture.
Analyze + Procedural
Integrate compliance with regulations.
Analyze + Metacognitive
Deconstruct oneโs biases.
The Cognitive Process Dimension
Evaluate
Make judgments based on criteria and standards.
Evaluate + Factual
Select the most complete list of activities.
Evaluate + Conceptual
Determine relevance of results.
Evaluate + Procedural
Judge efficiency of sampling techniques.
Evaluate + Metacognitive
Reflect on oneโs progress.
The Cognitive Process Dimension
Create
Put elements together to form a coherent whole; reorganize into a new pattern or structure.
When a decision is made that fear, terror and violence are justified to achieve ideological, political or social change, radicalization to violent extremism occursโ Terrorism, radicalization and extremism are subjective concepts that have different meanings for different people. Furthermore, their meanings are constantly evolving as they manifest themselves in different ways in different parts of the world, exploiting new vulnerabilities, technologies and approaches. 1.1. Terrorism โTerrorism is a complex and contested issue, as are the associated labels of extremism, violent extremism and radicalizationโ There is no single universally accepted definition for terrorism because the concept is invariably political and cannot be framed in a manner that excludes the state. Most acceptable words to understand terrorism are โacts committed with the objective of seriously intimidating a population, destabilizing or destroying structures of a country or international organization or making a government abstain from performing actionsโ. 1.2. Extremism โViolent extremist ideologies have found fertile ground in fragile communities characterized by little access to developmentโ Extremism is generally understood as constituting views that are far from those of the majority of the population. Accordingly, one definition describes extremism as โactivities (beliefs, attitudes, feelings, actions, strategies) of a character far removed from the ordinaryโ. Though this is clearly a relative term which invites disagreement regarding benchmarks, it is broadly agreed that extremist views are not necessarily illegal and do not automatically lead to violence or harm. Indeed those with extremist views, who may also choose to observe extreme practices with no impact on the civil liberties of fellow citizens, are rightly protected under fundamental freedoms and human rights norms. Extremism becomes a concern when those views threaten democratic and tolerant societal ideas, or promote the use of violence to coerce their followers or to achieve their objectives. This form of extremism is described as violent extremism, a term which remains contested, but which generally refers to the creation of ideologically motivated or justified violence, as well as support for such acts. 1.3. Radicalization โRadicalizer’s work by pointing to social, political and economic injustice around their followers.โ Like terrorism and violent extremism, radicalization is a contested term with various definitions. It is commonly understood, however, as the social and psychological process of incrementally experienced commitment to extremist political and religious ideologies. It does not necessarily mean that those affected will become violent. However, when a decision is made that fear, terror and violence are justified to achieve ideological, political or social change, radicalization to violent extremism occurs.
Any communication channel through which any kind of information, news, entertainment, education, data, promotional messages etc. can be disseminated is called media. Mass media refers to communication devices, which can be used to communicate and interact with a large number of audiences in different languages. Be it the pictorial messages of the early ages, or the high-technology media that are available today, mass media has become an inseparable part of our lives. Media can be broadly classified as: โข Print Media (newspapers, magazines, books and Brochures, Billboards, etc.) โข Electronic Media (news websites, social networking sites, mass SMS schemes, television, internet, radio, cinema etc.) โข New Age Media (Mobile Phones, Computers, Internet, Electronic Books)
Where Media is Misleading? โ Threat to Internal Security โข Indian media does not have a wider perspective of Indiaโs national security issues. โข Indian media is in no mood to apply brakes or observe self-restraint on its wayward and insensitive treatment of national security issues. โข Indian mediaโs (especially electronic media) analysis and over-analysis of national security issues by groups of former diplomats, generals and academiaโs arm chair strategists distort national security perspectives. All these gentlemen can only draw on their outdated experience and none of them are privy to latest inputs. Also in many cases, reticence is their first casualty after retirement. โข Indian TV anchors discussing national security issues do not have the political and strategic maturity to discuss national security issues as their Western counter-parts do. โข Indian TV debates on national security issues tend to cut out development of contrary views and perspectives by imposing commercial breaks, or go hectoring themselves.
For a country like India, the backbone of its democracy and the propagator of its national interests remains the access to information and expression. It helps citizens to make responsible and objective choices, to promote accountability by its officials, to provide solutions to conflict resolution, and also to encourage diverse views of its diverse people. This access of information has allowed the Indian media to play the role of watchdog that holds the Government accountable in all its activities, and also functions as the only mode of expression for its people.
The role of media in a democracy like India, therefore, can be summed up as to: โข Inform and educate people objectively, impartially and in an unbiased manner about security threats and challenges โข Unbiased reporting with the restraints of self regulations โข Promotion of the principles of healthy democracy โข Respect for the Constitutional Provisions โข To build a bridge between people and governments at the national level โข Uphold fairness, justice, national unity and international cooperation โข Inform, educate, entertain, publicize and most importantly correct the excesses in any society. โข Highlight the trouble spots in the society and press the government and public to devise suitable mechanisms to eliminate them โข Shape the perceptions of government, influence public opinion, promote democracy, good governance as well as influence peoplesโ behavior and support people- oriented policies Following the globalization, the responsibilities of media have also widened. It has to play a role for preserving and pursuing the national interests of the state and highlighting its perspective along with the global issues. It has to examine the conduct of international relations and again to highlight the trouble spot at global level in lieu of global security.
โThe internet is the largest experiment involving anarchy in history. (โฆ) It is a source for tremendous good and potentially dreadful evil, and we are only just beginning to witness its impact on the world stage.โ
Eric Schmidt, Executive Chairman, Google and Jared Cohen, Director, Google Ideas
As per Information Technology Act, 2000, โCyber security means protecting information, equipment, devices computer, computer resource, communication device and information stored therein from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction.โ
1.1. Cyberspace Indiaโs Cyber Security Policy 2013 defines cyberspace as a complex environment comprising interaction between people, software and services, supported by worldwide distribution of information and communication technology devices and networks.
1.2. Cyber threats Cyber threats can be disaggregated into four baskets based on the perpetrators and their motives – Cyber Espionage, Cyber Crime, Cyber Terrorism, Cyber Warfare. 1.2.1. Cyber Crime/ Cyber Attacks Cyber-attack is โany type of offensive maneuver employed by individuals or whole organizations that targets computer information systems, infrastructures, computer networks with an intention to damage or destroy targeted computer network or system.โ These attacks can be labeled either as Cyber-campaign, Cyber-warfare or Cyber-terrorism depending upon the context, scale and severity of attacks. Cyber-attacks can range from installing spyware on a PC to attempts to destroy the critical infrastructure of entire nations. 1.2.2. Cyber terrorism Acts of Terrorism related to cyber space or act of terrorism executed using Cyber technologies is popularly known as ‘cyber terrorism’. โCyber terrorism is the convergence of terrorism and cyber space. It is generally understood to mean unlawful attacks and threats of attacks against computers, networks, and information stored therein when done to intimidate or coerce a government or its people in furtherance of political or social objectives, Further, to qualify as cyber terrorism, an attack should result in violence against persons or property or at least cause enough harm to generate fear, Serious attacks against critical infrastructures could be acts of cyber terrorism depending upon their impact.โ It should be noted here that if they create panic by attacking critical systems/infrastructure, there is no need for it to lead to violence. In fact such attacks can be more dangerous. Besides, terrorists also use cyberspace for purposes like planning terrorist attacks, recruiting sympathizers, communication purposes, command and control, spreading propaganda in form of malicious content online to brain wash, funding purposes etc. It is also used as a new arena for attacks in pursuit of the terroristsโ political and social objectives.
Cyber Security has assumed strategic and critical importance because of following reasons: โข Cyberspace has become key component in the formulation and execution of public policies. โข It is used by government to process and store sensitive and critical data which if compromised can have devastating impact. โข Taking down cyberspace will result into disruption of many critical public services like railways, defense systems, communication system, banking and other financial system etc. โข Several states are developing the capabilities in the area of cyber attacks which can alter outcomes in the battlefield. โข Individuals are using internet based services at a growing pace making them vulnerable to cybercrimes, such as- online bank frauds, surveillance, profiling, violation of privacy etc.
Government has taken a number of steps to acquire and increase capacity in the field of cyber security. Some of which are discussed below.
National Cybersecurity Policy 2013
Information Technology Act 2000 (As Amended in 2008)
Being one of the most viewed programmes on Indian channel and getting good TRP with desi viewers many different dubbed shows were appreciated from pakistan, turkey, korean, ukranian etc.
1. ZINDAGI GULZAR HAI(PAKISTANI)
This serial was a phenomenon that made its stars insanely popular in both Pakistan and India, boosting the steady trickle of cultural exchange into a river of cross-border friendship. Powerful performances from Sanam Saeed, Samina Peerzada and Fawad Khan made this serial an international favourite.
ZINDAGI GULZAR HAI (2012)(2014 in India)
This was the show that made Pakistani actor Fawad Khan a popular face in India. The show that premiered in 2012 on Hum TV in Pakistan was based on a novel by Umera Ahmad and was also inspired from Jane Austenโs Pride and Prejudice. It was a love story of Kashaf played by Sanam Saeed and Zaroon played by Fawad Khan. It was a classic poor girl and a rich boy love story and focussed on womenโs struggle in the orthodox Pakistani society. The show instantly became a hit in Pakistan. And when the show travelled to India two years later, it re-created the history. The charms of the male protagonists, played by Fawad Khan floored TV Ji and many Indian female fans.
2. DESENDENT OF THE SUN(KOREAN)
Korean heartthrob Song Joong Ki plays the role of a Special Force Officer. He is considered to be one of Koreaโs hottest actors with a huge fan following across South East Asia. The series will premiere on Indian television on 8 February 2017 and became one of the first K-dramas to be available on a widely known Indian cable network.
DESENDENT OF THE SUN(2016)(2017 in India)
โDescendants of the Sunโ is the story of Special Force Officer and a surgeon who fall in love at first sight. Their contrasting ideologies and values (as one kills to protect lives while the other one saves lives to protect them) makes them shy away from one another. Destiny plays an interesting role and after almost a year of having parted ways, they meet at a warzone โUrukโ, a land far from Seoul. Now, circumstances bring them face to face where they must work closely together driven by their principles.
3. FERIHA(TURKISH)
The first Turkish drama on Indian television was aired on 15th September 2015, Adฤฑnฤฑ Feriha Koydum (Feriha) which had become a huge success. And from that time the Turkish TV Series has been very popular in India.
FERIHA(2011)(2015 in India)
It is a story of a young ambitious girl, who belongs to a poor family. But with the dreams of making it big out in the world. Beautiful, intelligent, and young, and with the thirst to see and travel the world, Feriha works hard to secure a scholarship to a private university.
But the new life at the university, where she goes to study on a scholarship, which awaits Feriha, about which she has no clues, wraps its arms around her and spins her around. Coming from a poor family and intimidated by the riches of the people around her at the university, Feriha soon entangles herself in a whirlwind of lies and made up stories. Emir Sarrafoglu, a rich son of a rich dad soon becomes the center of attraction of Ferihaโs world, and telling lies, her new lifestyle.
4.SNOWDROP(UKRAINIAN)
“Snowdrop” was premiere in India on January 16 , 2017. This captivating story of love and revenge from the heart of Ukraine will not only enchant viewers with its superlative content but also give the audience an experience of a global palate.
SNOWDROP(2015)(2017 in India)
The show revolves around Nadya, an innocent, good hearted and hard working girl, who gets wrongly framed for an accident. Irina, her beautiful, spoilt and manipulative step sister and the man that both of them are in love with is Igor. He is the heir to a cosmetics empire. A tragic accident kills Igorโs beloved sister. Igor, who loved Nadya loses all his trust in her after the ill-fated incident. Irina, takes advantage of the situation and convinces Igor to marry her. The drama starts with a very exciting jail break. In first episode, Nadya will be seen escaping prison and rushing to a hotel where she confronts Irina as she is getting engaged to Igor. The confrontation ends with the stepsisters handcuffed to each other, falling off a roof. As they fall, Nadya wonders how they came to this juncture in life and remembers her past. The show depicts Nadyaโs fight to prove her innocence and get the real culprit punished.
5. BOYS OVER FLOWER
This is the most popular K-Drama that dubbed in Hindi and become famous in the whole subcontinent. This drama didnโt only get popularity but the whole cast get popularity from this drama. This is another High school story with rich boy and the poor girl but intense triangle love story.
BOYS OVER FLOWER( 2009)(2017 in India)
Geum Jan Di comes from a poor family who owns a dry-cleaning shop. One day, she visits Shinhwa High School, a prestigious school for the wealthy, and saves a student trying to commit suicide because of bullying. For her heroic act, Jan Di receives a swimming scholarship and starts attending the school. In school, she meets the notorious F4, the most popular and powerful group of boys at the school, consisting of Gu Jun Pyo; the leader of F4 and heir to the Shinhwa Group, Yoon Ji Hu; the grandson of a former president of Korea, So Yi Jung; a skilled potter who comes from a family that owns the country’s biggest art museum, and Song Woo Bin; whose family runs the country’s largest construction company. Her life at school starts out miserable, as she doesn’t fit in with other students because of her status, and later becomes worse when she is labeled as the new bullying target of the F4.
these are the some international shows which was well appreciated with the Indian desi viewers and become hit and was trend setter for the other drama of different countries.
Not doing something will always be faster than doing it. This statement reminds me of the old computer programming saying, โRemember that there is no code faster than no code.โ
The same philosophy applies in other areas of life. For example, there is no meeting that goes faster than not having a meeting at all.
This is not to say you should never attend another meeting, but the truth is that we say yes to many things we don’t actually want to do. There are many meetings held that don’t need to be held. There is a lot of code written that could be deleted.
How often do people ask you to do something and you just reply, โSure thing.โ Three days later, you’re overwhelmed by how much is on your to-do list. We become frustrated by our obligations even though we were the ones who said yes to them in the first place.
It’s worth asking if things are necessary. Many of them are not, and a simple โnoโ will be more productive than whatever work the most efficient person can muster.
But if the benefits of saying no are so obvious, then why do we say yes so often?
Why We Say Yes
We agree to many requests not because we want to do them, but because we don’t want to be seen as rude, arrogant, or unhelpful. Often, you have to consider saying no to someone you will interact with again in the futureโyour co-worker, your spouse, your family and friends.
Saying no to these people can be particularly difficult because we like them and want to support them. (Not to mention, we often need their help too.) Collaborating with others is an important element of life. The thought of straining the relationship outweighs the commitment of our time and energy.
For this reason, it can be helpful to be gracious in your response. Do whatever favors you can, and be warm-hearted and direct when you have to say no.
But even after we have accounted for these social considerations, many of us still seem to do a poor job of managing the tradeoff between yes and no. We find ourselves over-committed to things that don’t meaningfully improve or support those around us, and certainly don’t improve our own lives.
Perhaps one issue is how we think about the meaning of yes and no.
The Difference Between Yes and No
The words โyesโ and โnoโ get used in comparison to each other so often that it feels like they carry equal weight in conversation. In reality, they are not just opposite in meaning, but of entirely different magnitudes in commitment.
When you say no, you are only saying no to one option. When you say yes, you are saying no to every other option.
I like how the economist Tim Harford put it, โEvery time we say yes to a request, we are also saying no to anything else we might accomplish with the time.โ Once you have committed to something, you have already decided how that future block of time will be spent.
In other words, saying no saves you time in the future. Saying yes costs you time in the future. No is a form of time credit. You retain the ability to spend your future time however you want. Yes is a form of time debt. You have to pay back your commitment at some point.
The invention of mobile phones is one of the greatest achievement of humankind. The first mobile phone service was started in Japan in 1979 and within 42 years it has revolutionized the lives of people. Mobile phones usage is growing at a rapid rate, today the world is unimaginable without mobile phones.
Mobile phones is one of the quickest means of communication device. A person can communicate with their friends or family who lives miles apart. It has eradicated the olden system of letter delivery. In morden generation assess to internet has acted as miracle to many tech company to accumulate wealth for their companies. We can take phones in our pocket and roam anywhere. By use of mobile phones life has become more comfortable also phones now do the work of laptop’s; we can do NetBanking, send our important documents to the required place through email and many more.
Parent’s encourage their children to use mobile phones as it promotes learning. People can assess to google or youtube for educational purposes. In the current pandemic situation the world has shifted to virtual meating and imparting knowledge as socializing is prohibited in peron/groups. Parents also encourage their children to use mobile phones as it has GPS system so that they are assured of their child safety when they venture out in the world alone. Phones also serves as an entertainment purposes. People can assess to different apps for movies and shows to keep themselves busy. People can save their money due to introduction of eBooks. Many important date can be stored in our phone which out mind can’t remember. It’s helps a person to captured their sweetest memory for them to cherish.
Mobile phones has connected the world digitally through internet. People can know what is happening around the world through news. The current scenario has changed a lot now the world is leading itself to globalization. Branding and advertising are done through online platform it’s has made growth in many different industries. Different countries set their own cyber security so that there is no breach of people’s privacy. Many tech company hires professional hackers for their companies digital data so that no one can hack into their companies system.
“Mobile phones are neither good or bad it depends on the individual how they use “.
SWATCH BHARAT SWASTH BHARAT Whether the Sun shines or it Rains; Cleaning the India should be our aim. Pledge for cleanliness to show your keenness to clean India. India will teach us the tolerance and gentleness of mature mind, understanding spirit and a unifying, pacifying love for all human beings.โ โ Will Durant India is in dire need of a cleanliness drive like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to eradicate dirtiness. It is important for the overall development of citizens in terms of health and well-being. This a scheme to help us amd to make India healthy and clean and to make India swatch and swasth.
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is one of the most significant and popular missions to have taken place in India. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan translates to Clean India Mission. This drive was formulated to cover all the cities and towns of India to make them clean. This campaign was administered by the Indian government and was introduced by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. It was launched on 2nd October in order to honor Mahatma Gandhiโs vision of a Clean India. The cleanliness campaign of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was run on a national level and encompassed all the towns, rural and urban. It served as a great initiative in making people aware of the importance of cleanliness. This helped in making the message reach wider. It aims to build sanitary facilities for all households. One of the most common problems in rural areas is that of open defecation. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan aims to eliminate that. Generally, in these areas, people do not have proper toilet facilities. They go out in the fields or roads to excrete. This practice creates a lot of hygiene problems for citizens. Therefore, this Clean India mission can be of great help in enhancing the living conditions of these people. When we will dispose of waste properly and recycle waste, it will develop the country. As its main focus is one rural area, the quality of life of the rural citizens will be enhanced through it. Similarly, they also wanted to make people aware of health and education through awareness programs. After that, a major objective was to teach citizens to dispose of waste mindfully. Most importantly, it enhances the public health through its objectives. This helped in making the message reach wider. It aims to build sanitary facilities for all households. Every small step towards sanitation will bring a big change for the nation. Heaven could be on earth, Cleanness is something which has priceless worth.
The main objective of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is to aware the citizens of the country of their utmost priority and responsibility towards cleanliness in the nearby surroundings and the spread of filth and infectious parasites. The campaign primarily focuses on eradicating the unhealthy practices of open defecation and provide basic sanitation facilities by constructing toilets, solid-liquid waste disposal systems, supplying clean drinking water, etc.
โLetโs make this our plea; we will make India open defecation free. Cleanness can provide us inner peace, clean India mission is something that we need. For cleanness we still have hope, because Swachh Bharat Abhiyan has a big scope.โ
Swatch Bharat Abhiyan is a great accomplishment and proved out to a one of a kind project in the history of India. We must carry forward the practices of cleanliness with the same enthusiasm and zeal and help each other by keeping our Mother India clean and beautiful. There are lots of schemes made for us by our government. These Abhiyan tries to make our beautiful India more beautiful and to make us healthier. We can make our country beautiful; by participating in Swachh Bharat mission we can achieve something fruitful. Letโs work on cleanliness from our side, and make India feel pride and clean your houses, roads and street, Cleanliness is our basic need. Make India great again, participate in Swachh Bharat mission to bring new reign. Due to waste lying in the streets cause dangerous diseases which hampers our health and may cause dangerous diseases. These Abhiyan is a kind initiative to help us and to free us from these dangerous diseases. These are some examples how these Abhiyan help us and gift us a healthy life. Clean India mission is something which we need for progress of our country.
Contaminated water causes many water-borne infections like diarrhoea, and also serves as a carrier for vectors such as mosquitoes spreading epidemics. Open defecation means no sanitation. It fouls the environment, and spreads diseases. According to WHO-UNICEF report (2010), India has the highest rate of open defecation. Access to safe drinking water and good sanitation are vital for family well-being. It results in control of enteric diseases, and boosts child health. A healthy child has better learning and retaining ability. Girls avoid going to school where there are no proper sanitation measures. Sanitation makes a positive contribution in family literacy. One key goal of sanitation is to safely reduce human exposure to pathogens. Pathogens are excreted by infected individuals and if not properly contained or treated, may present a risk to humans who come in contact with them. These individuals can also be exposed to pathogens through drinking water or eating food contaminated with pathogens found in human excreta. According to a UNICEF study, for every 10 per cent increase in female literacy, a countryโs economy can grow by 0.3 per cent. Thus, sanitation contributes to social and economic development of the society. Improved sanitation also helps the environment. Clean drinking water and good sanitation would not prevent infections without practicing good hygiene. A simple habit of washing hands goes a long way towards preventing diseases. The stored water supply may also serve as a source of infection in the absence of hygiene. Sanitation envisages promotion of health of the community by providing clean environment and breaking the cycle of disease. Sanitation systems aim to protect human health by providing a clean environment that will stop the transmission of disease, especially through the fecalโoral route. For example, diarrhea, a main cause of malnutrition and stunted growth in children, can be reduced through adequate sanitation.
If we follow the sanitation system then we can create a healthy world . If we live healthy then we can be wealthy. Swatch bharat is swasth bharat is a true word. If the world become clean then everyone become healthy. If we want to make India a developed nation then clean India mission is the necessity. Letโs take oath; by participating in clean India mission we will make our country proud. Clean India mission is something which we need for progress of our country. Working towards sanitation will bring a significant positive change for the nation.
Have you at any point been in that abnormal circumstance with somebody where you were unable to move beyond the short discussions? Starts with the good tidings and afterward a total full stop? The underlying driver of this load of issues is ill-advised relational abilities!
WHAT EXACTLY IS COMMUNICATION?
Indeed, the course book might characterize it as “the demonstration of giving, getting, and sharing data” But it is significantly more than that, and when placed into straightforward words, it’s essentially trading thoughts and considerations, being liberal about one another’s point of view and being somewhat weak enough to trust the individual that you address.
HOW TO GET BETTER AT COMMUNICATION IN THE PROFESSIONAL SECTOR?
A few group might confront issues when they need to fire up the discussion, they are normally clear initially, don’t have the foggiest idea how to begin the discussion, however when they get into it and open up, they discover no issues in proceeding with the discussion.
Have some ‘profound’ ice breakers close by :
You can’t anticipate that topics should just snap in your psyche, so perhaps it is smarter to set yourself up ahead of time. To do that, you should initially have to accept that, the individual you are conversing with likewise coordinates with a similar excitement as yours. In any event, when uncertain, step up, it might wind up knocking your socks off!
Pose inquiries about subjects the other individual is keen on :
Extraordinary compared to other approaches to proceed with the protection is talking on the subjects the other individual is keen on, so to do that, you should essentially know something’s about him/her, which should either be possible by a little historical verification, assuming the individual you are addressing has direct impact over you, it is smarter to know things about him/her to dazzle. Else you can get by their non-verbal communication with respect to where their inclinations may lay.
Try not to push individuals to see your point of view :
We all are special in our own specific manner, likewise outlooks differ from one individual to another. At the point when you are discussing a specific subject ensure you are simply bringing up your considerations and sentiments yet not pushing them. They will have their own point of view, pay attention to it, not the entirety of our realities should be right as now and then when you go further into the subject you might understand that there is plausible to investigate the matter contrastingly as well! So rather than pushing your considerations, keep the discussion light and end with “What are your viewpoints about it?”
Try not to discuss the climate :
The subject of climate essentially implies that you are either not intrigued by the discussion or don’t have a clue what else to talk about. So I recommend you not take up this theme.
Uncover something somewhat close to home about yourself :
Rather than straightforwardly leaping direct, you can discuss your own insight with regards to why you have the assessment that you have. At the point when you disclose to them more about yourself they get a reasonable thought as well! Rather than asking them inquiries and anticipating answers, you can request their accounts, rather than posing inquiries like, “Did you have a good end of the week?” or, “What’s happening?” have a go at inquiring “What was the most amazing aspect of your end of the week?” or “What are you anticipating this week?”
Never back down, feeling that you talking or that your inflection isn’t adequate. You need to commit errors to learn! Step up and accept circumstances for what they are!
India never invaded any country in her last 10000 years of history.
India invented the Number System. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
The World’s first university was established in Takshila in 700BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century BC was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
Sanskrit is the mother of all the European languages. Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer software, reported in Forbes magazine, July 1987.
Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Today Ayurveda is fast regaining its rightful place in our civilization.
Although modern images of India often show poverty and lack of development, India was the richest country on earth until the time of British invasion in the early 17th Century.
The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit ‘Nou’.
Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart.; Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century)365.258756484 days.
The value of pi was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century long before the European mathematicians.
Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India; Quadratic equations were by Sridharacharya in the 11th Century;The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 10^6(10 to the power of 6) whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10^53(10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera 10^12(10 to the power of 12).
According to the Gemological Institute of America, up until 1896, India was the only source for diamonds to the world.
USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century-old suspicion in the world scientific community that the pioneer of Wireless communication was Prof. Jagdeesh Bose and not Marconi.
The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra.
According to Saka King Rudradaman I of 150 CE a beautiful lake called ‘Sudarshana’ was constructed on the hills of Raivataka during Chandragupta Maurya’s time.
Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) was invented in India.
Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries like cesareans, cataract, artificial limbs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic surgery and brain surgery. Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipment were used. Deep knowledge of anatomy, physiology, etiology, embryology,digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity is also found in many texts.
When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization)
The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.
[These facts were recently published in a German Magazine, which deals with World History Facts about India.]
Individuals are social animals. We need the friendship of others to flourish throughout everyday life, and the strength of our associations massively affects our emotional wellness and satisfaction. Being socially associated with others can ease pressure, nervousness, and wretchedness, support self-esteem, give solace and happiness, forestall dejection, and even add a long time to your life. On the other side, lacking solid social associations can represent a genuine danger to your psychological and passionate wellbeing.
In this day and age, a large number of us depend via web-based media stages like Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, YouTube, and Instagram to discover and associate with one another. While each has its advantages, recollect that online media can never be a substitution for certifiable human association. It needs face to face contact with others to trigger the chemicals that reduce pressure and cause you to feel more joyful, better, and more good. Amusingly for an innovation that is intended to unite individuals, investing an excess of energy drawing in with online media can really cause you to feel all the more desolate and detachedโand intensify emotional wellness issues like uneasiness and despondency.
In case you’re investing an unnecessary measure of energy in web-based media and sensations of bitterness, disappointment, dissatisfaction, or dejection are affecting your life, it could be an ideal opportunity to rethink your online propensities and track down a better equilibrium.
The positive parts of web-based media – While virtual cooperation via online media doesn’t have similar mental advantages as vis-ร -vis contact, there are as yet numerous positive manners by which it can help you stay associated and support your prosperity. Web-based media empowers you to: – Impart and keep awake to date with loved ones all throughout the planet. – Discover new companions and networks; network with others who share comparative interests or aspirations. – Join or advance advantageous aims; bring issues to light on significant issues. – – Look for or offer enthusiastic help during difficult stretches. – Discover fundamental social association in the event that you live in a far off region, for instance, or have restricted freedom, social uneasiness, or are essential for a minimized gathering. – Discover a source for your imagination and self-articulation. – Find (with care) wellsprings of important data and learning.
The negative parts of web-based media
Since it’s a somewhat new innovation, there’s little examination to set up the drawn out results, positive or negative, of online media use. In any case, different examinations have tracked down a solid connection between substantial online media and an expanded danger for gloom, tension, dejection, self-hurt, and surprisingly self-destructive musings.
Online media might advance negative encounters, for example,
Insufficiency about your life or appearance. Regardless of whether you realize that pictures you’re seeing via online media are controlled, they can in any case cause you to feel unreliable about what you look like for sure’s going on in your own life. Additionally, we’re all mindful that others will in general share simply the features of their lives, infrequently the depressed spots that everybody encounters. In any case, that doesn’t decrease those sensations of jealousy and disappointment when you’re looking through a companion’s artificially glamorized photographs of their tropical sea shore occasion or finding out about their intriguing new advancement at work.
Dread of passing up a major opportunity (FOMO). While FOMO has been around far longer than online media, destinations, for example, Facebook and Instagram appear to intensify sentiments that others are having a good time or carrying on with preferable lives over you are. The possibility that you’re passing up specific things can affect your confidence, trigger nervousness, and fuel much more prominent web-based media use. FOMO can force you to get your telephone like clockwork to check for refreshes, or urgently react to every single cautionโregardless of whether that implies facing challenges while you’re driving, passing up rest around evening time, or focusing via web-based media communication over certifiable connections.
Separation. An examination at the University of Pennsylvania tracked down that high utilization of Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram increments rather diminishes sensations of dejection. Then again, the investigation found that decreasing web-based media use can really cause you to feel less desolate and separated and work on your general prosperity.
Melancholy and nervousness. Individuals need vis-ร -vis contact to be intellectually solid. Nothing lessens pressure and lifts your mind-set quicker or more viably than eye-to-eye to eye connection with somebody who thinks often about you. The more you focus via online media communication over in-person connections, the more you’re in danger of creating or compounding state of mind issues like tension and gloom.
Cyberbullying. Around 10% of youngsters report being harassed via web-based media and numerous different clients are exposed to hostile remarks. Web-based media stages, for example, Twitter can be focal points for spreading terrible bits of gossip, lies, and misuse that can leave enduring enthusiastic scars.
Self-retention. Sharing unending selfies and all your deepest contemplations via web-based media can make an unfortunate narcissism and distance you from genuine associations.
Signs that web-based media is affecting your psychological well-being Everybody is unique and there is no particular measure of time spent via web-based media, or the recurrence you check for refreshes, or the quantity of posts you make that demonstrates your utilization is becoming unfortunate. Maybe, it has to do with the effect time spent via web-based media has on your disposition and different parts of your life, alongside your inspirations for utilizing it. For instance, your web-based media use might be risky in the event that it makes you disregard eye to eye connections, diverts you from work or school, or leaves you feeling jealous, furious, or discouraged. Essentially, in case you’re spurred to utilize web-based media since you’re exhausted or forlorn, or need to present something on make others envious or upset, it very well might be an ideal opportunity to rethink your online media propensities.
Pointers that online media might be antagonistically influencing your emotional well-being include:
Investing more energy in web-based media than with true companions. Utilizing web-based media has gotten a substitute for a ton of your disconnected social communication. Regardless of whether you’re out with companions, you actually want to continually check web-based media, regularly determined by sentiments that others might be having some good times than you.
Contrasting yourself horribly and others via web-based media. You have low confidence or negative self-perception. You might even have examples of disarranged eating.
Encountering cyberbullying. Or then again you stress that you have no power over the things individuals post about you.
Being occupied at school or work. You feel strain to post customary substance about yourself, get remarks or likes on your posts, or react rapidly and energetically to companions’ posts.
Lacking the capacity to deal with self-reflection. Each extra second is filled by drawing in with online media, leaving you or no an ideal opportunity for pondering what your identity is, your opinion, or why you act the way that you doโthe things that permit you to develop personally.
Participating in hazardous conduct to acquire preferences, offers, or positive responses via online media. You play risky tricks, post humiliating material, cyberbully others, or access your telephone while driving or in other perilous circumstances.
Experiencing rest issues. Do you check web-based media last thing around evening time, before anything else, or in any event, when you awaken in the evening? The light from telephones and different gadgets can disturb your rest, which thusly can truly affect your psychological well-being.
Deteriorating side effects of uneasiness or melancholy. Maybe than assisting with reducing negative sentiments and lift your state of mind, you feel more restless, discouraged, or desolate in the wake of utilizing online media.
When it comes to the possibilities and possible perils of artificial intelligence (AI), learning and reasoning by machines without the intervention of humans, there are lots of opinions out there. Only time will tell which one of these quotes will be the closest to our future reality. Until we get there, itโs interesting to contemplate who might be the one who predicts our reality the best.
โThe development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race. It would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever-increasing rate. Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn’t compete, and would be superseded.โโ Stephen Hawking
Will computers eventually be smarter than humans?
Everyone is talking about artificial intelligence (AI) โ in the media, at conferences and in product brochures. Yet the technology is still in its infancy. Applications that would have been dismissed as science fiction not long ago could become reality within a few years. With its specialty materials, the Electronics business sector of Merck is contributing to the development of AI.
HOW SMART ARE YOU?
Whoโs smarter โ you, or the computer or mobile device on which youโre reading this article? The answer is increasingly complex, and depends on definitions in flux. Computers are certainly more adept at solving quandaries that benefit from their unique skill set, but humans hold the edge on tasks that machines simply canโt perform. Not yet, anyway.
Computers can take in and process certain kinds of information much faster than we can. They can swirl that data around in their โbrains,โ made of processors, and perform calculations to conjure multiple scenarios at superhuman speeds. For example, the best chess-trained computers can at this point strategize many moves ahead, problem-solving far more deftly than can the best chess-playing humans. Computers learn much more quickly, too, narrowing complex choices to the most optimal ones. Yes, humans also learn from mistakes, but when it comes to tackling the kinds of puzzles computers excel at, weโre far more fallible.
Computers enjoy other advantages over people. They have better memories, so they can be fed a large amount of information, and can tap into all of it almost instantaneously. Computers donโt require sleep the way humans do, so they can calculate, analyze and perform tasks tirelessly and round the clock. On the other hand, humans are still superior to computers in many ways. We perform tasks, make decisions, and solve problems based not just on our intelligence but on our massively parallel processing wetware โ in abstract, what we like to call our instincts, our common sense, and perhaps most importantly, our life experiences. Computers can be programmed with vast libraries of information, but they canโt experience life the way we do.
Some of thatโs rethinking how we approach these questions. Rather than obsessing over whoโs smarter or irrationally fearing the technology, we need to remember that computers and machines are designed to improve our lives, just as IBMโs Watson computer is helping us in the fight against deadly diseases. The trick, as computers become better and better at these and any number of other tasks, is ensuring that โhelping usโ remains their prime directive.
The important thing to keep in mind is that it is not man versus machine. โIt is not a competition. It is a collaboration.”
โAlways remember, your focus determines your reality.โ โ George Lucas
Unless you have a strong desire to learn the information or develop a skill, it can be hard to focus all of your attention in one place. If you are impatient to learn or master anything, it wouldn’t benefit you more. If you are restless, you will make more mistakes and you will be more distracted as your whole focus will be on result, not on your action.
Instead, remain calm and be devoted to your work.
A mind which is calmer helps you to concentrate better, attaining undivided focus and it makes you proactive.
Television, smart phones, social media, friends, and family can all distract you from your goal of doing well in school. Create an environment that helps you focus. Set a schedule that maximized your study time. Try different study techniques and take breaks so you don’t become too overwhelmed. Here are some of the best tricks that scientists have come up with to help you increase your focus in studying.
Get rid of distractions. Choose the right spot. In order to concentrate, you must eliminate those things that you know will distract you. Put up mobile devices. Turn off the TV. Close other pages in your web browser. Sit away from people making loud noises.
Play music without lyrics. Some people cannot stand silence. They need to have background noise to help keep themselves motivated. Consider playing classical music softly. For some people, music helps them concentrate. For some, it doesn’t. Try it out and see what works best for you. A little something in the background can make you forget that you’re studying instead of out having fun.
Come prepared. Be sure to have all the materials needed to work. Have pencils, pens, highlighters, paper, textbooks, calculators, or whatever else will help you finish the task. Organize the area. A clean space will mean less distractions too. Your goal should be to take care of everything outside of studying before you sit down to focus. If not, youโll just end up getting up repeatedly. Having to stop and start takes more time than continuously working.
Find a place where you can โunplugโ. One of the biggest complaints that teachers have about their students is their inability to concentrate on a subject. Our constant use of social media and personal devices like cell phones divides our attention and makes it more difficult to concentrate.
Learn when to say no. Often times, people find it difficult to concentrate on their studies because they are overextended with other obligations. If this is you, donโt be afraid to tell people no. Just explain that you need to study and wonโt have the time or energy to do so, if you help them out.
Ultimately, thereโs no quick, one-size-fits-all solution to staying focused while studying. Different methods and tools will work better for some than others. However, with a little trial and error and the tools and techniques above, you can create a routine of focused studying that works best for you.
After passing some years of our life we come in professional life. Now every one who are in professional life they think about how to manage their life. Because for a new person which newly joined their professional life they are not able to maintain their personal life as well as their professional life. Sometimes it is seen that the person who are doing job they are busy in her work they does not have time for their personal life.
We are humans beings nothing is impossible for us. If we try to manage then it can be. But now the question is arising that how to managed these two things. For my point of view –
We can to that when we are in office or at the work place at that time we think only about our professional life and if we are at home then we think only about the personal life. Don’t should be mixed them. In your home also you do your work. If we have lots of office work and you are not able to complete it during office time then you do the rest of work at night if it is very important then only do it and otherwise do the next day.
The most important thing the person who are working outside or lives away from their house they take vacation and own vacation time they will gave all his/her time to their parents or family.
Another important thing that if you have stress related to their profession or their personal try to don’t express their stress to any one of them. It is found that if a person have some issues regarding to their work they started to express their stress. For this reason relation started breaking down. It is also found that a person who are in meeting and they think about her personal life. So always try to not do this.
Always try to give time both in equally. Separate them and try to solve the problem of office in office time or personal issues in their house only don’t mix up it. Because both of them are important for any person.
โThere are times in our lives when we have to realize our past is precisely what it is, and we cannot change it. But we can change the story we tell ourselves about it, and by doing that, we can change the future.โ โ Eleanor Brown
We often hear that ‘the past is past, don’t bother about it’. But actually, the past is not only the past, but also it is the foundation of our future. Every moment is going to be past. It is the only reality that we can know. Future and present are related. Everything is being examined on the basis of past, future and present. Past is a set of experiences, events and beliefs that someone or something confronted with. Everything has a past and that past constitutes the essence of its present and future. It can be said that history is the collection of recorded past events in the form of written documents, monuments, oral discourses etc. But the past is beyond these historical remains.
The things and deeds we did in past are now to give us fruit in present and also in the future. And our present which is going to be our past will give us its fruit in the future. Some think it is essential to study history in order to make their future bright but some think past has no concern with the future. Other thinks that future is related to present, the things they have in present remain same as in future. Different people have different believe on the same the topic. Why is it so? Due to the different experiences, they have in their past life. In some way or another experience is second name of past.
What actually affect the future?
Experience affects the future. Future can never be predicted but we can strive to make it better by mean of the past experiences. Without knowing the past, we repeat mistakes made in the past, and destroy our future.
We canโt say that we are guessing future upon the past, but in some way, we can perk up our future by relating it to the events take place in past, and work to make it enhanced. No one knows what will happen in the future but the past lends us a hand and lead us to our destiny.
There must be some reasons why past contribute a lot in building future. It is vitally important to study history and keeping the past in mind to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past and understand why things are as they are!
We study history to learn where we were in the past and where we are now, to learn what worked for people in the past. We study history to know what is the right thing to do and what is wrong so that we can understand what to do in life and how the wrong things happen and how we can be prevented.
New thoughts and systems cannot be formed overnight. It is subject to change and reconstruction over the centuries and generations. We cannot say that the past is always constructive and beneficial. Progress is being made by identifying faulty systems. Many things that were once considered right and socially good are now considered as reactionary and unprogressively.
For example, once untouchability was a prevailing practice in our society which was considered as a normal thing. But later, the practice of untouchability is abolished and now we know how ridiculous it is. This realization is the product of reconstruction. This sort of change can be seen in all areas of life such as culture, cinema, environment, caste, religion, gender, language etc. What we firmly believe to be right and wrong today may not be like that tomorrow. Reconstruction aims at deconstruction also.
Future is created through rectifying the mistakes of our past by maintaining its positive aspects. It is determined by the realizations gained through the past experiences. Therefore, it is essential to have a proper sense of past and history.
Here lies the relevance of the reconstruction of the past. The future can only be built by a proper understanding of the past. We must be able to embrace what is progressive and reject what is irrational and biased. Thus, it would be better to say that reconstructing our past is the foundation for building our future instead of reconstructing our past is more important than building our future.
โThe more content you try to capture during a lecture or a meeting, the less you’re thinking about what’s being said. You burn through most of your attention parroting the source.โ
Do you sometimes struggle to determine what to write down during lectures? Have you ever found yourself wishing you could take better or more effective notes? Whether you are sitting in a lecture hall or watching a lecture online, note-taking in class can be intimidating, but with a few strategic practices, anyone can take clear, effective notes. This handout will discuss the importance of note-taking, qualities of good notes, and tips for becoming a better note-taker.
In-class benefits
Taking good notes in class is an important part of academic success in college. Actively taking notes during class can help you focus and better understand main concepts. In many classes, you may be asked to watch an instructional video before a class discussion. Good note-taking will improve your active listening, comprehension of material, and retention. Taking notes on both synchronous and asynchronous material will help you better remember what you hear and see.
Post-class benefits
After class, good notes are crucial for reviewing and studying class material so that you better understand it and can prepare appropriately for exams. Efficient and concise notes can save you time, energy, and confusion that often results from trying to make sense of disorganized, overwhelming, insufficient, or wordy notes. When watching a video, taking good notes can save you from the hassle of pausing, rewinding, and re watching large chunks of a lecture. Good notes can provide a great resource for creating outlines and studying.
Gather your note-taking materials. It may sound pretty basic, but it’s important to have all of your note-taking materials organized and ready to go before the start of any class, meeting or lecture.
Come prepared. Before you come to a class, lecture, or meeting, make sure to review your notes from the last time round. This will bring you fully up to speed and ready to pick up where you left off.
Be an active listener. When note-taking, many people make the mistake of mindlessly taking down every word, without really comprehending what is being said. Instead, make an effort to understand the topic while you’re in class. Focus on what’s really being said, then ask questions if you don’t understand
Take notes by hand. Although taking notes on your laptop is convenient, research shows note takers actually retain information better when they take notes by hand. This may be because people typing on a laptop tend to transcribe every word without understanding the meaning, while people writing by hand are forced to pick out relevant information in order to keep up
Don’t be afraid to ask questions. When you come across something you don’t understand, don’t just jot it down and tell yourself that you’ll worry about it later — ask the teacher/lecturer for clarification.
FINALLY
Follow up after class
Part of good note-taking includes revisiting your notes a day or so after class. During this time, check for clarity, fill in definitions of key terms, organize, and figure out any concepts you may have missed or not fully understood in class. Figure out what may be missing and what you may need to add or even ask about. If your lecture is recorded, you may be able to take advantage of the captions to review.
Cooperation is not always an easy thing to achieve in the workplace, but the effort is worth it because it leads to a harmonious and productive space. Cooperation can make the difference between success and failure for many businesses. When employees dedicate more time to their duties in a cooperative workplace, they are more productive and things get done more quickly and efficiently. Valuable time is not lost resolving bickering and conflict between employees and management when there is cooperation at the workplace. Teamwork is a mark of cooperation at the workplace. โTeamwork makes the dream workโ says author John C. Maxwell. In a cooperation-rich workplace, individuals will voluntarily engage in open discussion. Management and employees work together and try to keep arguments to a minimum.
It takes empathy and skill, to bring a group of employees to cooperate and come together as a team. The basic role of a leader is to inspire. If you are a leader, in any sense, never forget the influence you have on others. As a boss, supervisor or leader, your attitude affects your employees and co-workers. Remember, that as your attitude affects your employees, in turn their attitudes affect your customers. And, as we all know, your customers are the lifeblood of your business.
A lot of people donโt know how to build a highly effective team. It is cooperation which is the pillar of teamwork. It has to be a part of any team that hopes to be successful. So what does it mean? And how do you get it? Cooperation means a group of employees working together for everyoneโs benefit.
Techniques of Co-Ordination (How to Achieve Co-Ordination?):
(i) Clearly Defined Goals:–
The goals of the enterprise should be laid down clearly. Every individual in the enterprise should understand the overall objectives and the contribution of his job to these objectives.
(ii) Precise and Comprehensive Programmes and Policies:–
Laying down well defined programmes and policies is another measure for achieving effective coordination. This brings uniformity of action because everybody understands the programmes and policies which act as guides for taking decisions.
(iii) Clear Lines of Authority and Responsibility:–
An enterprise is composed of several vertical and horizontal authority relationships. Authority flows from top through various positions down to the level of operative workers. There is a line of authority in every enterprise which indicates that who is accountable to whom. This line of authority and responsibility should be clearly defined to achieve coยญordination.
(iv) Effective Communication:–
Effective communication is key to proper coordination. The channel of communication used in the enterprise should be reliable so that they are able to create proper understanding in the mind of the receiver. As advised by Mary Follett, personal contacts should be encouraged as it is the most effective means of communications for achieving coordination.
(v) Effective Leadership and Supervision:–
Management can achieve better coordination through effective leadership and supervision. Effective leadership ensures coordination both at the planning and the implementing stage. Effective supervision is also necessary to guide the activities of individuals in the proper direction. This will bring unity of action which is essential to co-ordination.
Ways to Gain Cooperation and Increase Engagement–
If you want to increase your employeesโ engagement and commitment and encourage teamwork there are a few things you can do to make them feel valuable which will lead to committed employees.
It is easy for workers to feel like cogs in a big machine and having no real impact when they are not shown recognition. In cooperative workplaces, where employees are treated like a valuable part of the organization, management commonly reaches out to lower-leval employees seeking their input as to what should be done or how a task should be completed.
Engaging Your Employees–
If you want employee engagement you have to find a way to make them part of the process. There is a difference between commitment and compliance. Compliant employees do what is required and no more. Committed employees become part of a team, looking for ways to benefit the company with their expertise, their ideas and their energy. Employees buy in to what they help to create. Once you have built a platform of trust with them, you can go to the next level and get their active participation.
Showing Respect–
If you ever had a boss who did not show much respect, but, now being on the other side of the fence, perhaps you do understand that leaders get tired of employee complaints, and frequently talk about how drama in the workplace hampers productivity. As a leader, you must set the tone of how complaints are registered, and you must develop the wisdom to respond appropriately instead of reacting to an employeeโs negativity.
Listening to your Employees–
The worst thing that a manager can do when an employee comes to him/her with a problem is to criticize or ignore. Do not make your employee feel insignificant. Pretending to listen or be sympathetic is even worse. Even if you hear what is being said, if you are distracted by checking e-mail, or looking at a message on your phone, you are unintentionally communicating that the person in front of you is not important enough to give your full attention.
Magnifying the Strengths-
The benefits of developing existing staff more than outweigh the cost of the time and money required to find new workers. The best companies make their employees even better and the least of them become better than what they thought they would ever be! In todayโs competitive business economy, Managers are pushed towards minimizing labour costs rather than developing the long terms goal of increasing employeesโ potential.
Conclusion:-
Co-ordination results in creation of a true whole that is larger than the sum total of its parts. The analogy of the conductor of a symphony orchestra is appropriate here. The conductor by his coordinating skills of vision, leadership and simultaneous attention to totality of the orchestra group and its individual instrument players, creates a living musical performance and not mere noise.
In any case, management has no alternative but to perform mediating, moderating and motivating roles in securing coordinated action. Mediation with external environment, moderation while controlling internal environment and motivation of individual organisational members are integral coordinating functions of management.
Christmas is a well-known Christian holiday set in December, celebrated the world over and famed for its decorations and Santa Clause. The Christmas means โFeast day of Christโ.It is a yearly celebration marking Jesus Christโs birth; it is observed on the 25th of December as a cultural and religious celebration among a lot of people all over the world. Christmas is celebrated in all Christian countries but there are differences in the way each nation celebrates this date.
History Behind Christmas
The history of Christmas is one that dates back to a very long time; the first Christmas was celebrated in 336 A.D. in Rome. It played a very important role during the famed Arian controversy that took place in the 300s. During the early years of the middle age, epiphany overshadowed it.
Christmas was brought back to limelight around 800 A.D. when the emperor Charlemagne received the crown on Christmas day. During the 17th century, the Puritans had Christmas banned because it was associated with drunkenness and different other misbehavior.
It was made a proper holiday around 1660 but was still quite disreputable. Around the early 1900s, the Oxford movement of the Anglican Communion church started and this led to the revival of Christmas.
Preparations for Christmas
Christmas is a cultural festivity that entails a lot of preparations. It is a public holiday and so people get a Christmas break to celebrate it.
Preparations for Christmas start early for most people so that celebrations begin on the eve of Christmas. Preparations for Christmas involves a lot of activities. People usually buy decorations, food, and gifts mostly for children in the family and friends. Some families shop for matching Christmas outfits for everyone.
The common preparations include decorations of the place with Christmas trees, lighting. Before decorations begin, the house must be deep cleaned. The Christmas tree brings the Christmas spirit in homes.
Presents are placed under the Christmas tree in wrapped gift boxes and are not to be opened until Christmas day. The church is also decorated for the special event. Thorough cleaning of the churches is also done to usher in Christmas. Songs and skits to be performed on Christmas day.
People usually spend a lot on Christmas and so saving money for these plans should be the earliest preparation among all these. Families also plan to travel to stay together during this celebration period. Traditionally turkey is the common meal across the world in this day. Cards are also written to friends and family to wish them a happy holiday and to show love.
Christmas Day Celebration
Christmas carols are played on radios and televisions to mark the day. Most families start by going to church where performances and songs are done. Then later, they join their families to exchange gifts and celebrate with food and music. Happiness during Christmas is like no other.
Homemade traditional plum cakes, cupcakes, and muffins are the special treats on Christmas. Kids are showered with lots of presents and new dresses. They also get to meet the โSanta Clausโ, dressed in a fluffy red and white costume, who greets them with hugs and gifts.
Conclusion:
Christmas reminds us of the importance of giving and sharing with friends and family. Through Christmas, we know that Jesus birth is the beginning of great things in the world. It is generally an opportunity to think about nature and the reason for our existence. Christmas is such a festival which people from all religions and faith celebrate worldwide despite it being a Christian festival. It is the essence of this festival which unites the people so much.
What is Christmas?It is tenderness for the past, courage for the present,hope for the future.
On these days we do our daily stuff with the help of our mobile phones, that also includes banking. Mobile banking is a free, convenient way to keep up with your finances.
Some of the advantages of using mobile banking are the following:
AVAILABILITY
There are no working hours or operations or particular requirements for mobile banking, customers can check their account, move money, pay bills and various other banking processes with the help of mobile banking. It is available 24*7 for the customers.
PAPERLESS
No one enjoys getting bank statements in the mail. With the help of mobile banking, there is no need for the customer to receive junk mail from the bank. Itโs also safer because you are no longer having to get away from sensitive information into the trash.
CONTROL
Mobile banking makes it so easy to have complete control over your finances. You can monitor your balances and move money between accounts to avoid overdraft fees. With bill pay you can alert when itโs time to pay to avoid late fees, or set up recurring bill payments and not have to think about it.
SAFE
Mobile banking is safer and secure. All reputable banks and financial institutions use encryption to safeguard and protect your privacy and identity information on mobile apps.
TIME SAVING
It is time saving because we donโt want to visit the particular bank to do our banking process. We can do it with the help of mobile banking.
HELPS YOU TO TRACK YOUR FINANCES
Managing an account through your mobile also puts you in charge of your money and helps you better to know your financial standing. You can always monitor your account balance and transfer money from a different account if needed be. You can check your balance and statement at any time.
MINIMIZE ERRORS
A comprehensive mobile banking will reduce errors that users make. There hasnโt been a better time to get familiar with mobile banking as indeed, this is the only way forward.
DISADVANTAGES
OPERATING EXPENSES
It tends to be high in traditional banking, since in addition to having administrative offices, they also have offices to serve their clients in person. Among its main operating expenses are:
Paying rents from the premises where they operate
Payment of public services and security
Expenses in stationary and issuance of the plastics (for making debit and credit cards)
MOVE TO OFFICES AT CERTAIN TIMES
In case of making a transfer or other type of management, in many cases physical presence must be made in the bankโs office and within the business hours established by the bank, which is considered as a great disadvantage.
SLOW PROCESSES
Another disadvantage is the slowest process held in the organization. Another demonstration of the slow process time that transactions between different banks usually take.
HIGH COMMISSIONS
In general, traditional banking commissions are high due to higher operating expenses, which makes many of their products or services more expensive compared to other products or fintech companies.
LOW STIMULUS TO SAVINGS
Due to lower interest rates that traditional banks usually pay their savings to the clients if there is a low saving stimulus. This is because traditional banking promotes more bank loans and they are the ones that generate more interest and collection fees, which allows them to create more fiat money and have more profits.
LIMITATION IN ONLINE BANKING
Although traditional banking is using some functions of online banking, the latter is still limited. For example, in many cases this service is conditioned to the use of some of its product. There is also the problem of limits on amount to be transferred in addition to difficulties or restriction in transferring money to other countrie
CONCLUSION
As smartphones become more commonly used, and their capabilities expand, they may increasingly be the means consumers use to access financial services and manage their finances. Their constant presence also makes them a potentially useful tool for the delivery of just in time financial information or as in decision making.
Given the prevalence of mobile phones, particularly smartphones among minorities, low-income individuals, and younger generations, mobile technology has the potential to empower consumers and expand access to financial services for underserved populations.
The use of mobile banking has increased by more than a third in the past year, and it appears likely to continue to increase as more and more consumers use smartphones. While still small, the use of mobile phones to make payments at the point of sale has increased even more rapidly. Over a quarter of mobile phone users express some interest in using their phones to make payments at the point of sale, giving mobile payments substantial growth potential as the ability to make these payments becomes more widespread.
The two factors limiting consumer adoption of mobile banking and payments are concerns about the security of the technology and a sense that they don’t offer any real benefits to the user over existing methods for banking or making payments. With regards to security, consumers have actually become more likely in the past year to report that they simply don’t know how safe it is to use mobile banking, suggesting that consumers need to be provided with reliable and accurate information on the level of security associated with the various means of accessing mobile banking. In terms of the value proposition to consumers, the significant number of mobile users who reported an interest in using their phones to receive discounts, coupons, and promotions or to track rewards and loyalty points suggests that tying these services to a mobile payment service would increase the attractiveness of mobile phones as a means of payment.
Customer awareness: because of lack of data and awareness regarding mobile banking is a reason for less trust in mobile banking services and it’s conjointly one more reason for risk and security issue in mobile banking which is a result of this can be new technology in banking and financial set-up therefore all banking client aren’t aware of it and feel risk to adopt it therefore it’s conjointly a big challenge before of mobile banking services in India.
Security problems & privacy: there’s security of mobile banking services is massive issue and challenges. In mobile banking for the safety purpose PIN or countersign is employed which can be steal by the offender or unauthorized user if mobile device has loss or steal therefore user got to aware about it. Customers are use sensitive information and data in mobile therefore here risk with pass of a legitimate application as a result of application service are provided by third party it’s going to steal our info and send it to a different third party therefore we’ve to aware of applications used for WAP mobile banking services and transfer a legitimate and authorize application for group action with mobile banking services.
Virus & malware attack: there’s conjointly risk with virus and malware attack it’s going to access your account info equivalent to username, countersign and alternative info like in computing system there’s conjointly risk on virus and malware attacks on mobile banking services some codes are written to default mobile banking like Zeus has used for attacks on SMS banking and Zeus used for steal mobile group action authentication equivalent to password and pin number. therefore it’s a conjointly massive security issue and challenge in mobile banking services.
Wireless network: All method of mobile banking service is finished in wireless mode therefore there’s conjointly a security risk in mobile banking services mobile device element contact with cell website and dedicated circuit and microwave for the communication services therefore if there’s any weakness in any a part of this network then risk of attacks is will increase therefore we’ve to secure of these network and network devices for an honest security services.
Risk in SMS mobile banking: Format of SMS is in plain text. presently end to finish secret writing isn’t available. The sole encryption is out there in the base station at transceiver and at the SMS server during transmission time. Because of this there’s a risk in SMS banking equivalent to SMS spoofing attack where the offender will send a message on the network by manipulating the userโs number.
Authentication issue: In mobile banking there’s authentication risk at the login time or once we access our account through the mobile system as a result of in mobile banking for the authentication PINS numbers are used however PINS authentication technique is associate degree recent method and lots of security problems such as countersign and id thievery were by stealing the password and id unauthorized access is also potential by obtaining the countersign offender might access our account. Another risk regarding authentication in mobile banking as if the mobile has been stolen then the offender may get the countersign through the mobile and might access the account by exploiting your id and password.
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