Selection

Selection is one of the most important process in human resource management. Selection is the process of choosing or selecting the right candidate with requisite qualification and competence to fill the vacant job position in the organisation. In other words, it is the process of examining or interviewing the candidates, evaluating their qualities and choosing the best candidate for a specific job. Selection is a negative process as it eliminates unqualified or unsuitable applicants inorder to identify the right candidate. As we know selecting a right candidate for a particular position will be an asset for the organisation and this will further help the organisation in reaching its objectives. Selection always succeeds recruitment. As we know that recruitment and selection work hand-in-hand and both play a vital role in the growth of an organisation. The basic objective of selection is to choose best out of the available candidates. Selection is one of the most important process in an organisation as hiring a good candidate can help the organisation in increasing its organisational performance and if we select a wrong candidate it may harm our organisation. A good selection process will ensure that the organisation gets the right set of employees with the right attitude. It helps in selecting the best candidate for the requirement of a vacant position in an organisation. Selection adopts the process through which more and more candidate are rejected and fewer candidates are selected or sometimes even not a single candidate is selected. Therefore, it is known as negative or rejection process. In selection process, highly specialised techniques are required. Therefore, in the selection process, only personnel with specific skills like expertise in using selection test, conducting interviews, etc are involved. Selection process always leads to contract of service between employer and the selected candidate. The outcome of selection process is in the form of finalising candidates who will be offered job. There are many factors which affect our selection process and they are:-

Internal Environmental Factors-

Internal Environmental Factors includes first size of the organisation. As this affects our selection process. If our organisation is small, the more informal our selection decision will be. Second, type of the organisation. If an organisation is more complex it will require more sophisticated selection technique. Third is speed of decision making. The time available to make a selection decision can have major effect on the selection process.

External Environmental Factors –

External Environmental Factors which influence selection process includes first nature of the labour market, second trade union and last one is government regulations.

The selection process is very important and its importance is as follows:-

Selecting Suitable Candidate – Selection helps the organisation in picking up the most suitable candidate who would meet the requirements of the job.
Places Right Candidate at Right Job – The main aim of selection is to place right candidate at right job so that they can make effective and worthwhile contribution to an organisation.
Provides Information about Candidate – Selection process helps in generating information about candidate which can be used in making comparison with other candidate. It can help in assisting in decision making process.
Save Cost – Making an effective selection by constant monitoring of the fit between person and the job and helps in saving cost.

Everything has some problems associated with it. There are some problems associated with effective selection they are as follows:-

Diversity of Approaches – The diversity of selection approaches and test shows that there is no perfect way to select employees.
Perception – Selection process demands to assess and compare competencies of other, with the main aim of choosing the right person for the job. But for this process we all perceive the world.
Pressure on Selectors – Politicians, relatives and friends put pressure on the selector to select a particular candidate. And it is always seen that the candidate selected because of compulsion are not the right one.

So an effective selection should be done for the welfare of the organisation.

Why Protest?

Protests are public expressions of discontent, disagreement, or objection to an authority, idea, or things that have public impacts. Our country has seen a large number of public protests and upheavals in the past one year. Globally, we have been living in times of great change and public displays of dissent in the recent past, from the Hongkong protests to the Black Lives Matter movement. Many are skeptical of protests and their ability to bring change. Protests have been considered as inherently violent and anti-establishment, and hence something that should be stayed away from. What can marches and slogans do anyway, is the attitude of many who stay on the sidelines. However, a quick look into history can reveal that protests have been an integral part of multiple struggles that have brought in moral progress and change to our societies. The manner of conduct and how those involved acted might vary but there is no doubt that such displays of disapproval have brought in changes big and small.

monochrome photo of resist signage — Photo by Sides Imagery on Pexels.com

The right to protest is one of the most important rights in a democracy since it ensures that the people’s voice is heard. The form of democracy that we practice in India is representative democracy, where people are represented by elected individuals in parliament. This means that the voice of a huge population is given a hearing through this one person. We cannot discount the biases and affiliations of these individuals when they present their demands, even though on paper we reassert that they are to represent the voice of the people even if they disagree themselves. Democracy is considered the rule of the people: a governing system for the people, by the people, and of the people. One of the downsides of democracy is the fact that it is often only the majority voice that gets to be heard and accepted, while there would be multiple other opinions which might be statistically a little less in number that goes unheeded. This is all the more dangerous if the voice of the majority turns out to be bigoted and discriminatory.

Protests are fundamental precisely because people have the right to disagree and do so freely without fear of repercussions. Protests bring people together as a group and imbibe a sense of strength and unity. They realize that they are not alone in their cause and that there will be others who will stand along. Protests are vital to create spaces of engagement, debate, and dialogue. It also provides minorities with an opportunity to voice their concerns, especially when they have no representation and are suffering from perpetual marginalization. The anger that often accompanies protesting voices is the expression of prolonged frustration by those who have suffered under the system. Those who tone-police by saying that people should not sound so angry are more concerned about the manner of protest than the reasons that force people out onto the streets. It is a sign of great privilege that one can live their everyday lives without having to demand anything that has been denied to them over the years. It is usually those who have not been affected at all by what is happening who ask why protest at all or give the excuse that protests are violent. People protest because they need to be heard, and because the system has so often failed them that waiting for change to come through office paperwork if they do not exert any outside pressure is almost illusory.

Protests are often not violent till force is exerted on them by state machinery. And using the excuse that protests tend to turn violent and so they should not be allowed is a way of discounting all the good that a protest can potentially do. One cannot use a deviant illustration to invalidate an entire expression. Being able to dissent and having the right to challenge authority, if taken away, would spell the death of democracy. Protests are not so much about winning an argument or agenda as they are about the right to disagree freely and make the voices of the people heard. It might take decades to create any change but protests provide people with the strength to fight and the assurance that they are part of a larger whole. It enables those on the fringes of society to stand up for their rights and those who seek the attention of the authorities to do it quicker. At this time, we have to be vigilant that this right itself is not taken away from us and it is imperative that we understand the position that protests hold in a democracy.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Education

All of us should be on survival mode for the near future because we have to make sure we get over this crisis.

– Mohandas Pai

The petrifying and severe impact of COVID-19 has shaken the world to its core. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact on education – both negative and positive. What exactly are the risks and opportunities brought about by Coronavirus?

Unfortunately, most of the countries around the globe have temporarily closed nearly all the educational institutions in an attempt to arrest the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic amongst the people of that particular country. In India too, the government as a part of the nationwide lockdown has closed all educational institutions, as a consequence of which students and learners ranging from school going children to doctoral students, are adversely affected.

These nationwide closures are impacting over 91% of the worlds’ student population as per the data stated by the UNESCO. Several other countries have implemented localized closures adversely affecting a huge no of additional learners. India has nearly 300 million kids enrolled in about 1.4 million schools. In India, almost 70% of the schools are run and managed by government bodies. This data alertly indicates that India and its old age education system are in verge of a major crisis. Scholars, leaders, intellectuals, social workers and policy makers should have to take this matter seriously like any other priorities they are tackling with on a war footing basis. In fact, this is the worst nightmare of the 21st century wherein if taken lightly would tremendously affect the progress of a nation for 3 generations. Education is the backbone of a great nation, and if education is affected the quality of human resource automatically gets affected.

We will also have to look at the impact from two lenses – an urban lens and a rural one. In urban centres, I do not foresee a lot of negative impact. Majority of schools have moved to online classes and are continuing as per their academic calendar. Students at home have access to the internet and in some cases their own individual device as well. The only thing expected from them and their parents is self discipline. Which I understand is a lot to ask for. It may therefore lead to some gaps in learning and may have an impact on the academic scores of students this year. But in the longer run, this is not very serious as I am sure these students will more than make up for it.

Once you look at it from the rural lens, the situation is not so good. While urban students have access to online learning from school and so many apps to keep them entertained, the government school kids have no such sources of learning or engagement. When the lockdown was announced, we spoke to a lot of our government school teachers, who sounded really worried. They feared that if students do not come to school, they may get absorbed in unsocial activities which may harm their lives. The girl students would be heavily involved in household chores leaving them with no time to study. And many students they feared may never return to school.

Nevertheless, Covid-19 has prompted experts to rethink the conventional mode of education. Digital education appears to be a viable solution to fill in the void for classroom education for a period of three to four months while minimizing the chances of any infection to students until classes resume, but isn’t a long-term solution. Universities require high-speed internet and education delivery platforms or learning management systems, besides stable IT infrastructure and faculty members who are comfortable teaching online. Students also need high-speed internet and computers/mobiles to attend these sessions or watch pre-recorded classes. l

On the greener side, the situation has also stimulated immediate activation of certain long-pending changes in imparting education in India. Virtual labs/ tutorial videos have entered the curriculum of higher-degree courses and school education and students can better relate with the possibilities of conceptual learning. There has also been a shift in paradigm to focus more on concepts rather than rote-learning and students have also got time to work on their problem-solving skills by practice. Need is the mother of invention and traditional educators who were wary of advanced online teaching courses are now realizing the potential of online resources. Their scepticism about online resources and tools are also wading off and they are embracing the change in teaching methods without losing essence of classical teaching methods. Students are being encouraged to learn with project-based learning methods and instead of getting embroiled in the rat-race of numbers, students are exploring the benefits of the extension of concept-learning through these projects.

Although the sudden emergence of pandemic and emergency measures to restrict assemblies has thwarted the school-educational system, it can also be a potential catalyst for realizing the need to slowly and steadily revamp our educational structure and curriculum for the benefit of students. The present situation might be a good opportunity to concise the school educational curriculum, focus only on the essential concepts, incorporate self-tutoring learning resources and restructure a evaluative curriculum for students so that even students from rural areas bereft of access to online-resources are not adversely affected. These necessary changes will subside anxiety and usher in optimism (even at psychological level) for students struggling to recuperate with the prevalent conditions forced by the pandemic. A more palatable curriculum is the need of the hour.

To conclude, we all know that the pandemic is here to stay for some time. The situation may force educational institutions to come up with innovative ways in which the current challenges of imparting online education can be addressed. Alternatively, India could finally witness a much needed change in its educational system where practical application of concepts is given a higher priority than theoretical “rote learning”.

Trend of Nuclear Family

Family is the fundamental group of human consisting of parents, children and those closely related by blood. It is fundamental unit of society. Family is most important part of human life. We can say that a person is to the family, by the family, for the family.

Now in recent years, the trend of Nuclear family has increasing. Firstly, the nuclear family is consist of only parents and their children(generally 4-5 members). Approx 54% of household are following nuclear family system. The trend of the nuclear family in urban India, these households are small in size—88% have 3-4 members and there are no senior citizens in these households. The trend of Nuclear family is increasing because of

1) Improved lifestyle – It is thought that in nuclear family one have more money, more luxurious items i.e car, phone, bungalow etc. More options to enjoy the minutes.

2) financial stability – most of parents think that when they opt this family system they will well stable in financial condition. The can save more and spend in proper manner according to their needs.

3) Social obligation – In modern life people wants to less obligations. So it is less obligations in the nuclear family.

4) Declining relationship – due to divorce, declined relationship one have to follow the this system.

5) Privacy and Independence – human need more Privacy and Independence, in nuclear family there less responsibilities and one can enjoy it’s own decisions and particular lifestyle.

There are some other aspects i.e the children of the nuclear family is self centered and selfish tendencies. It can create narrow view to the society. In the emergency situation these got in crisis and cannot be meet their all expectations. There is also problem that these have not emotional support. If we have extended family then everyone is with us and we never feel alone. In the extended family we have found to learn about various view on a particular conflicts/problems which lacks in a Nuclear family.

We must follow such family system in which all members of family feels happy i.e family of Mankind. Now, we can say that whole world is a family.

Thanks

REFUGEES

There are over 79.5 million people who are forcefully displaced from their homes due to persecution, violence, the outbreak of wars or oppressive regimes to find stability, safety or refuge. The united nations describe a refugee as a person who flees their country and is unable to return due to conflict or ongoing persecution. Refugees are divided into internally displaced persons and refugees. Internally displaced persons are much difficult to help as they don’t come under international law and are much difficult to assist. Refugees seek asylum in different countries where are recognized legally as a refugee and they receive legal and material protection.
The 1951 refugee convention is the main legal instrument for refugee law. The 1967 protocol is also used as one of the documents for refugee law. The convention for the first time gave us the definition of a refugee, its legal protection, material assistance and those displaced persons who don’t classify as refugees. The 1967 protocol expanded the range of the definition and legal assistance. The 1989 convention on rights of the child which isn’t particularly for children but was used while dealing with minor refugees, the convention elucidated the rights of children in a country. The African countries follow the organization of African Unity of Convention Governing the Specific Aspect of refugees. In 1984, the Latin American countries signed the convention to follow the Cartagena Declaration of Refugees.
The process of recognition of displaced persons into refugees depends upon the state. Where the country is unwilling to do the process, UNHRC does the process. Refugees entitled to basic human rights where they have right to freedom from degrading treatment, freedom of rights of freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of thought, religion, right to life and liberty, the right to freedom from discrimination on basis of race, colour or gender and more importantly right to asylum. International law also forbids the countries to resettle the refugees in their own country where they may seemingly be persecuted for their race, religion or by a political group. Refugees are required to keep with them all the time a refugee identity certificate which is either issued by the UNHRC or by the state where they are seeking asylum, this is their legal document for identification. All states that have signed the 1951 refugee convention have to provide refugees with the freedom to the process of an identification certificate. Refugees are also issued with a refugee travel document which substitutes as a passport for international travel because they cannot get a passport for their country. According to the convention of 1951 chapter 3, all refugees are allowed to gain legal employment. But the main goal of a refugee is to return home . as most of them leave their own homes in a hurry to escape wars or violence but they can’t due to the rampant violence in their countries. Refugees either stay in camps with little hope of going back to their countries or they move to different camps in different countries trying to gain asylum.
In conclusion, refugees are the world’s most harrowing humanitarian crisis. There are strides taken to protect the rights of the refugees but it has proven to be difficult. Countries who have used to receive refugees have now at their limit. The efforts made by the international bodies and states are recognized but need more innovative methods to deal with it. The influx of refugees have over the years have increased which only means that violence and war in the world have increased with no signs of slowing down.

HISTORICAL DAYS OF INDIA

As we all know that India’s history is full of amazing things…but there are also some days in India on which a history has created or there are some days from which everything has changed in India..there are several days which made a remarkable impact on history of India……which are as follows:
15 AUGUST: This day in India is celebrated as INDEPENDENCE DAY. Because on 15 august 1947 India got freedom from the British rulers . after so many sacrifices, struggle, and handwork ,India become free from the British rule.

26 JANUARY: 26 January is celebrated as REPUBLIC DAY of India. Though the Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November, 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of India it became was formally made effective on 26 January, 1950. It took exactly 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to finally adopt the Constitution with the necessary amendments.
On January 26, 1950, when the Indian Constitution came into effect thus making India one of the biggest democracies in the world. It was on this day when India was declared as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. And to honor this day, the Indian Republic Day is celebrated with great fervor throughout the country every year on January 26.

8 AUGUST: On 7 to 8 August 1942, the All India Congress Committee met in Bombay and ratified the ‘Quit India’ resolution. Gandhi called for ‘Do or Die’. The next day, on 9 August 1942, Gandhi, members of the Congress Working Committee and other Congress leaders were arrested by the British Government under the Defense of India Rules. The ‘Quit India’ movement, more than anything, united the Indian people against British rule.
Although most demonstrations had been suppressed by 1944, upon his release in 1944 Gandhi continued his resistance and went on a 21-day fast. By the end of the Second World War, Britain’s place in the world had changed dramatically and the demand for independence could no longer be ignored.

1853: First Railway line opened between Bombay and Thane and a Telegraph line in Calcutta.

1974: India Smiling Buddha first nuclear device in underground test.

1983: India won World Cup for the first time, in one day international Cricket led by Kapil Dev.

2008: In October India successfully launches its first mission to the moon, the unmanned lunar probe Chandrayaan-1.

2011: In April India wins cricket world cup after 28 years under the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni.

5 November 2013: Mars Orbiter Mission, is successfully launched into Mars orbit by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

30 June 2017: The Goods and Services Tax (GST) launched the biggest tax reform in history of India.

5 August 2019: The state of Jammu and Kashmir was divided into two separate union territories known as Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh by Scrapping Article 370 of Indian constitution.

NMC Horizon Report Summary

I was re-reading the Horizon Report the other day when it occurred to me that it could be easily summarised. This has helped me consolidate the main elements of the article in my own mind. It is always interesting to reflect on where your school or region is at in this whole process. I hope this is helpful for you too. Please feel free to use and share.

Horizon Report Summary Graphic

Role of Technology in India

“Technology will not replace great teacher’s but technology in the hands of great teacher’s can be transformed”

Education is a form of learning where we can see the transmission of knowledge, skills from generation to generation. 21st century is also regarded as century if technology. Technology brings education to student’s doorstep.

Technology in education can be classified as:

E-LEARNING A WAY OF STUDYING DURING THIS COVID-19 PANDAMIC!!

Today the whole World is experiencing an extraordinary situation emerging out of this Global Pandemic and this consequent lockdown. Amid of this unpredictable lockdown has resulted into an abrupt halt, with the GDP curve falling flatter week by week one might have thought the academic world would suffer a lot. For the future is in the hands of learning ones.

In such times students across the world are losing their valuable time in their education during the imposed lockdown amidst fear of pandemic. Because of the forced closer of education institutions, the entire higher education system has been badly affected mainly the board year students and the final year ones.
No wonder, how emotionally and psychologically it might have drained within the children as well as their parents. Thus at this junction the educational institutions are in the need for a rapid evolutions and adaption of the advanced technology. It’s the time for emerging of online learning (or E-Learning), the most effective option for both students/ teachers as well as the college/university management.

E-LEARNING A WAY OF STUDYING DURING THIS COVID-19 PANDAMIC

No wonder, how emotionally and psychologically it might have drained within the children as well as their parents. Thus at this junction the educational institutions are in the need for a rapid evolutions and adaption of the advanced technology. It’s the time for emerging of online learning (or E-Learning), the most effective option for both students/ teachers as well as the college/university management.

BENIFITS OF ONLINE LEARNING:

Competency-Based Education: By Online Education platforms one can learn transferable skills and competencies. This kind of learning provides required knowledge and it is learner-focused teaching. It acknowledges the fact that every student has a different learning style and their own pace of absorbing what is being taught. In this kind of learning every student gets an equal chance to put up question without the hesitation.
Skill Development: In today’s competitive world one may aspire to acquire skills more than their regular course. Thus for a better career growth online learning has made it much easier for students to develop new skills with continuing with their regular course at a college/university. Online Learning is the key and the best path to upgrade ones skill. It also provided training programmes to make students familiar with practical usage of such skills.

Quick Assessments:
This platform provides teachers an easy and quick access to the learning of the students while they are teaching. It even motivates a shy student to actively participating in giving answers for chats avoid the fear of “What will others think if the answers go wrong?” It also enables teachers to know their students in a friendlier manner and host questions rounds to insure a regular learning.
Less of Distractions:
Since online learning does not invite friends to be beside them and parents can keep a regular check over the involvement of their child in the class it decreases the chance of peer distractions. Away from competitions and dominating students there is an increase in active participation of students in asking doubts and initiating interactions with their fellow mates. Moreover, some concepts are better taught online. The teachers and students can interact with each other at any time without any limitation of day or night time for study material, clearing doubts or taking test looking into the convince of both the parties.
Traceable learning:
The performance of the students can easy be accessed by online records. Since the online mode store data of every student individually it helps in reducing any misunderstanding and is digitally track able which can’t be done in a face to face learning. The analytic tool provides detailed report of each student’s performance and growth. It also benefits the parents to keep a regular check over their child’s behaviour and progress. Enabling teachers to adapt changes into their teaching techniques according to the learning patterns of their students.
Working platforms:
It provides students to apply for different online jobs like part-time, internships, full time etc and earn experience certificate for their future benefits and learning new ways of working. It also provides opportunities to earn for themselves in monetary terms. These kinds of jobs don’t seek for qualifications to a large extent but benefit students to improve their CV.
Transportation charges:
This kind of educations benefits the most in terms of location problems. Any student from a remote area can study from their own house with a good network connection and a personal computer. It avoids long distance travelling for classes and avoiding the need to pay for transportation charges. All the more, they won’t feel tired due to travelling. Students can fix their online classes times according to their pace and time. This clearly portrays a graph of less pressure and intensity.
Budget friendly:
There are numerous courses and resources available for free access which can get rid of any financial issues faced during the lockdown period in respect of fee payments.

Photo by Karolina Grabowska on Pexels.com

It’s a wonderful opportunity for every academician and researcher to create their own Open Educational Recourses which would not only serve the purpose of student’s education but also servers to enhance their professional self-image.
“INOVATION LEAD TO DEVELOPMENTS”

Are we happier than our forefathers?

If we think that happiness consisits of material comforts,we are happier than our forefathers. However, if we consider happiness as a state of well being characterized by contentment and joy, our forefathers were far happier than we are.

If our forefathers woke up from their eternal skeep, they would be wonderstruck at the change drought about by their children in this world

STOP TOBACCO CONSUMPTION

Tobacco smoking can lead to lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. It increases the risk of heart disease, which can lead to stroke or heart attack. Smoking has also been linked to other cancers, leukemia, cataracts, and pneumonia. Smokeless tobacco increases the risk of cancer, especially mouth cancers.

Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer.

Estimates show smoking increases the risk:
- For coronary heart disease by 2 to 4 times
- For stroke by 2 to 4 times
- Of men developing lung cancer by 25 times
- Of women developing lung cancer by 25.7 times
Smoking causes diminished overall health, increased absenteeism from work, and increased health care utilization and cost.

Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease

Smokers are at greater risk for diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease).

Smoking causes stroke and coronary heart disease, which are among the leading causes of death in the United States.
Even people who smoke fewer than five cigarettes a day can have early signs of cardiovascular disease.
Smoking damages blood vessels and can make them thicken and grow narrower. This makes your heart beat faster and your blood pressure go up. Clots can also form.
A stroke occurs when:
- A clot blocks the blood flow to part of your brain;
- A blood vessel in or around your brain bursts.
Blockages caused by smoking can also reduce blood flow to your legs and skin.

Smoking and Respiratory Disease

Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs.

Lung diseases caused by smoking include COPD, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Cigarette smoking causes most cases of lung cancer.
If you have asthma, tobacco smoke can trigger an attack or make an attack worse.
Smokers are 12 to 13 times more likely to die from COPD than nonsmokers.

Smoking and Cancer

Smoking can cause cancer almost anywhere in your body:

Bladder
Blood (acute myeloid leukemia)
Cervix
Colon and rectum (colorectal)
Esophagus
Kidney and ureter
Larynx
Liver
Oropharynx (includes parts of the throat, tongue, soft palate, and the tonsils)
Pancreas
Stomach
Trachea, bronchus, and lung

Smoking also increases the risk of dying from cancer and other diseases in cancer patients and survivors.

If nobody smoked, one of every three cancer deaths in the United States would not happen.

Smoking and Other Health Risks

Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body and affects a person’s overall health.

Smoking can make it harder for a woman to become pregnant. It can also affect her baby’s health before and after birth. Smoking increases risks for:
- Preterm (early) delivery
- Stillbirth (death of the baby before birth)
- Low birth weight
- Sudden infant death syndrome (known as SIDS or crib death)
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Orofacial clefts in infants

Smoking can also affect men’s sperm, which can reduce fertility and also increase risks for birth defects and miscarriage.
Smoking can affect bone health.
- Women past childbearing years who smoke have weaker bones than women who never smoked. They are also at greater risk for broken bones.
Smoking affects the health of your teeth and gums and can cause tooth loss.
Smoking can increase your risk for cataracts (clouding of the eye’s lens that makes it hard for you to see). It can also cause age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is damage to a small spot near the center of the retina, the part of the eye needed for central vision.
Smoking is a cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus and can make it harder to control. The risk of developing diabetes is 30–40% higher for active smokers than nonsmokers.
Smoking causes general adverse effects on the body, including inflammation and decreased immune function.
Smoking is a cause of rheumatoid arthritis.

Quitting and Reduced Risks

Quitting smoking cuts cardiovascular risks. Just 1 year after quitting smoking, your risk for a heart attack drops sharply.
Within 2 to 5 years after quitting smoking, your risk for stroke may reduce to about that of a nonsmoker’s.
If you quit smoking, your risks for cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and bladder drop by half within 5 years.
Ten years after you quit smoking, your risk for dying from lung cancer drops by half.

Who is most likely to become addicted?

Anyone who starts using tobacco can become addicted to nicotine. Studies show that smoking is most likely to become a habit during the teen years. The younger you are when you begin to smoke, the more likely you are to become addicted to nicotine.

According to the 2014 Surgeon General’s Report,(SGR) nearly 9 out of 10 adult smokers started before age 18, and nearly all started by age 26. The report estimates that about 3 out of 4 high school smokers will become adult smokers – even if they intend to quit in a few years.

According to the 2012 Surgeon General’s Report:

“Of every 3 young smokers, only 1 will quit, and 1 of those remaining smokers will die from tobacco-related causes. Most of these young people never considered the long-term health consequences associated with tobacco use when they started smoking; and nicotine, a highly addictive drug, causes many to continue smoking well into adulthood, often with deadly consequences.”

Amazing examples of mutualism that exist in nature

Nature is God’s best creation. It is indeed the best gift God has given to us. Sometimes,I am wonderstruck to see how systematically nature activities go on. Mutualistic relationship which exists in nature often amazes me.

Mutualistic relationships are defined as interactions between organisms of two different species, in which each organism benefits from the interaction in some way. These types of interaction are common and ubiquitous throughout all ecosystems, and scientists are increasingly recognizing the important role that they play in ecology.

Mutualism in nature

Cleaner fish and larger fish share a mutualistic relationship. This is because the cleaner fish eats harmful parasites and other small sources of food off of the large fish. This gives the cleaner fish a meal, the larger fish is helped because it no longer has these parasites on them. Often times larger fish wait in “cleaning stations” for the cleaner fish to come and get these things off of them. Some small shrimp can also be cleaners. The picture below shows a cleaner shrimp cleaning a large fish that would normally eat the shrimp if it wasn’t for this mutualism.

Mutualisms may involve either the exchange of resources, such as shelter, food and other nutrients, or they may involve the exchange of services, such as protection, transportation or healthcare.

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“Clownfish and Sea Anemone” by Samuel Chow under Flickr

Although there are many more mutualistic relationships between marine animals, the last one that I will talk about is the relationship between the Boxer Crab and anemones. In this relationship, the Boxer Crab carries around two anemones that sting and it uses them for protection. The anemones are benefited because since the crab carries them around, it allows them to be mobile which increases their options for finding food.

Image result for boxer crab and sea anemone

“BOXING (POM POM) CRAB” BY LIQUIDGURU UNDER VIMEO

PARASITISM

Parasitism is not a mutualistic relationship because only one of the species is benefited. The parasite gains from the relationship while the other species involved is harmed.

One example of a parasitic relationship is between fish lice and small fish hosts. The fish can be killed if there are too many fish lice attached to it. The lice benefits from the fish by feeding off of their bodily fluids.

“SEA LICE ON SALMON” BY 7BARRYM0RE UNDER PUBLIC DOMAIN

Isopods can also cause a parasitic relationship. Some isopods will eat the fishes tongue and then live in the fishes mouth so it they can eat whatever the fish is attempting to eat.

“BETTY IN MOUTH” BY UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD PRESS OFFICE UNDER FLICKR

COMMENSALISM

Commensalism is a relationship where one species benefits from another species. The other species is neither harmed nor helped in this relationship. There are many examples of commensalism in the ocean.

One example of commensalism among marine life are jellyfish and small fish. The small fish will typically hide inside of the jellyfish’s stinging tentacles if the stinging does not effect them. The tentacles provide protection for the fish from larger predators. This relationship has no effect on the jellyfish.

Image result for small fish hiding in jellyfish

“BABY FISH TAKE SHELTER IN JELLYFISH” BY EARTH TOUCH NEWS NETWORK

Another relationship is between shrimp and a featherstar. The shrimp will blend in with the featherstar and use it for protection. As you can see in the picture below, it is very difficult to find the shrimp hiding in there.

“Shrimp in Featherstar” by prilfish under Flickr

MIMICRY

The last kind of symbiotic relationship is mimicry. Mimicry is when one organism that is harmless evolves to look similar to another organism that is poisonous. This stops predators from eating them because they think they are the poisonous species. They can also use mimicry to appear larger than they really are.

The four-eye butterflyfish uses a large eye spot in order to appear larger to predators.

“CHAETODON CAPISTRATUS1” BY CHRIS HUSS UNDER PUBLIC DOMAIN

Another example of mimicry is between the Sabre-tooth Blenny and Cleaner Wrasses. The Cleaner Wrasse have a mutualistic relationship with larger fish so they don’t get eaten, and the Sabre-tooth Blenny takes advantage of this relationship by evolving to look very similar to the Cleaner Wrasse. Instead of cleaning the larger fish, the Sabre-tooth Blenny will take a bite out the the large fish’s flesh and swim away.

“BLUESTREAK CLEANER WRASSE” BY NEMO’S GREAT UNCLE UNDER FLICKR

“SABRE-TOOTH BLENNY” BY FISH INDEX

On the top there is a bluestreak cleaner wrasse and on the bottom is a sabre-tooth blenny. You can see how similar they look and how fish could mistake them.

3 THOUGHTS ON “SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE OCEAN”

KCANGIALApril 18, 2017 at 11:14 pmBeautiful examples and images of mutualisms here! The sabre-tooth blenny is apparently an ectoparasite, so interesting! And a very cool example of aggressive mimicry! I love the gif of the crab with anemone pom-poms!LikeReply
1. AOLENDORFEPORTApril 18, 2017 at 11:22 pmThanks! I also thought that the sabre-tooth blenny was interesting. The gif is my favorite part of this post!Liked by 1 person Reply
HALEYZANGAApril 25, 2017 at 2:58 pmI loved the images in this post! It really showed the affects of the different symbiotic relationships around. Easy to follow and easy to read.Liked by 1 person Reply

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As Indians, we ensure that spices form the base of any dish. We are not satisfied with a dash of salt and a squeeze of sour lime, we need spices.

If spices are consumed in moderation you can derive health benefits, but an overdose of any spice can lead to indigestion or even ulcers. Media portals are flooded with the health benefits of turmeric or haldi, but today we list out other Indian spices that are healthy and are kept under wraps.
Cinnamon:
This spice is aromatic and has a refreshing taste. You can add cinnamon in curries, pulao and even desserts; it adds spark to a bland dish. But research on this woody spice tells us that it is also diabetes-friendly and if you show symptoms of insulin resistance, cinnamon will help reduce it.
Besides, cinnamon is used to give you relief from indigestion, common cold, diarrhea, poor blood circulation and tension during menstruation.

Cloves:
Every Indian knows that clove is the spice to treat tooth problems since it contains anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. Due to these healthy characteristics cloves are an important ingredient in natural tooth pastes.

Perfumers use the oil extract from cloves but it has its health benefits. If you are feeling queasy after indulging in too much food or alcohol, cloves have the properties to put you at ease. Cloves can relieve you from vomiting, indigestion, an upset digestive tract and loose motions.

Cumin:
Tempered cumin or jeera adds the spice that dal fry needs. Most dishes are incomplete without cumin. All the better for us, as cumin is known to relieve you from digestive problems, reduce your chances of anemia and alleviate common cold.

Surprisingly jeera can reduce the problem of piles, serves as a laxative and provides your body with iron, manganese that helps in the absorption of calcium and controls blood pressure.

Black Cardamom:
Do not confuse it with green cardamom; black cardamom is a common spice in briyani. Apparently this spice is also used as anti-venom for snakes and scorpions, but try it out at your own risk.

Black cardamom eases out digestive problems and reduces flatulence, it is known to relieve you from throat problems, chest congestion, and gum infection. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties and the fact that it can alleviate muscle spasms, black cardamom is a saving grace for asthmatics. It is a great ingredient for respiratory problems.
Saffron:
Kashmir is synonymous with the production of the best quality of saffron in India. This ingredient adds colour and spice to briyani or dessert. Saffron is expensive but the health benefits are priceless.

Saffron has the ability to treat depression, prevents loss of vision, and improves memory. The stigma of the flower can relieve you from digestive issues with the help of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-depressant properties.

Nutmeg:

As Indians, we ensure that spices form the base of any dish. We are not satisfied with a dash of salt and a squeeze of sour lime, we need spices.

Surprisingly jeera can reduce the problem of piles, serves as a laxative and provides your body with iron, manganese that helps in the absorption of calcium and controls blood pressure.

Nutmeg:
Like cloves, nutmeg too has anti-bacterial properties. It helps fight tooth decay. Besides, nutmeg can fight Alzheimer’s and improves your memory. This lesser known spice has the ability to reduce flatulence and improve appetite – a problem that all mothers face when it comes to their child’s fussy eating habits. It can also release the tension in your muscle.

According to the Chinese, this spice can improve impotence; worth a try for those looking for a natural alternative.

Black Pepper:
Once upon a time, black pepper was considered gold, a precious commodity for trade. A dash of pepper can create an explosion of flavours to a bland dish. But consume this fiery spice in moderation.
Black pepper has the ability to increase the production of hydrochloric acid that the stomach needs to help in digestion. You can save yourself from digestive problems, flatulence and constipation. It is also anti – bacterial in nature, reduces blood pressure and contains iron that is beneficial for the body.

NEWS IN
BRIEF

YOGA

yoga is a group of physical, mental,and spritual practice or disciplines which orientation in ancient india .yoga is one of the six Astika school of hindu philosophical traditions .there is a board variety of yoga schools, practice, and goal of Hinduism , buddhism and Jainism.

the practice of yoga was starting during the indus-sarasvati civilization in northern india over 5000 year ago .it was first mentioned in rig vada a collection of texts that consisted of ,rituals,mantras ,and songs which was mainly used by brahmans , the vedic priests.

Media Shoots, Police Shoots–Case Closed

After having staged the most dramatic arrest (indirectly a well sponsored surrender), Kanpur’s famous gangster Vikas Dubey was sure of escaping an encounter at the hands of Uttar Pradesh police using his political and administrative connections. Within 24 hours of being arrested by the Ujjain police and handover to Special Task Force team, Vikas Dubey lay dead on a hospital stretcher with overwhelmed reporters desperate to shoot his body with their cameras.

Among all this chaos the most unfortunate thing was the lack of element of surprise because almost everyone was convinced that Vikas Dubey would not reach Kanpur alive. Uttar Pradesh police had played it cards well and definitely did not care an inch about the questions that media and public would raise. Stopping media vehicles just minutes before the accident, a herd of buffaloes causing just one vehicle to crash although it was a caravan and our antagonist escaping pretty easily from a turned over vehicle along with a police pistol makes up for a perfect Rohit shetty style script and a tangy media debate. But raising questions on this scandalous encounter is not something this piece of writing intends to do.

This article tries to throw light on the public sentiments and reactions over extrajudicial killings. A major section of the society including journalists, politicians, former administrators and the public seemed to have been glorifying the practice of encountering criminals by the police as a righteous act of imparting speedy justice. Who can forget the splendid sight of the brave and courageous policemen of Hyderabad being showered with rose petals as they marched along the city’s roads after having encountered the rapists of a 26-year-old veterinary doctor whose charred body was found on the outskirts of Hyderabad just 7 days ago.

The heinousness of that case immediately brought back the memories of 16 December, 2013 when another daughter of India was brutually raped in the country’s capital. Nirbhaya succumbed to her injuries but her parents’ extraordinary 8 year long battle finally payed off when the accused men were hanged in Tihar jail on 20 March, 2020. The society that day was not only brightened by the sun but also by the inspiring struggle of Nirbhaya’s parents who made brought their daughter’s tormentors to justice not by a police encounter but by a court of law.

The justice brought down by pistols and guns lasts for a few days but when justice is imparted by the ink of pen , even without any noise that struggle remains till the end of time.

Lessons we learned from the coronavirus pandemic

Do face masks really reduce coronavirus spread? Experts have mixed answers. | Live Science

Coronavirus has already created a havoc in the world by taking the lives of around 571,574 people. Where as till now almost 13,036,587 people have been infected by COVID-19. This is the first mega pandemic which has caused so much panic among the people. This virus doesn’t know how to discriminate people and has ended up infecting all kinds of people from all sides of the world. It successfully forced some powerful countries with the largest economy to impose shutdown. many people in their lifetime might have never witnessed something like this, which can force the world to shutdown.

But don’t you think this pandemic happened because of we people only ? Can we say that this is the karma we are facing for destroying our environment and killing poor animals ? We people have always taken our environment for granted. some scientists think that corona virus originated in bats and could have been transmitted from that. Also huge amount of corona virus traces were found in the meat market of wuhan and the city had to stop the trade of live animal sales because that’s where COVID-19 started. So basically people like us are the reason behind this pandemic. By considering the brightest part of this situation we have rediscovered some values, because we realized that everyone in the world is vulnerable to crises, irrespective of religion, wealth and economy. So let’s know what are the lessons we learned from corona virus pandemic.

SOME MAJOR LESSONS LEARNED :

How to wash your hands and how long it takes to get clean - Insider

Hygiene habits : A habit which we are well aware of now. We have all been taught to wash our hands everytime we have been to a place. Earlier we didn’t wash our hands from time to time but now this pandemic has forced us to get few of our good habits back. Rather on today’s date washing hands is a game changer habit to keep the virus away from you. Washing hands with just water in not just enough rather we learned to wash our hands more often with soap, which plays a vital role in killing germs and viruses. Hence we rediscovered the value of washing hands again!

focus on personal health : Before pandemic we never bothered about our health, we were more into junk foods and less into healthy foods. This pandemic has made us realized the importance of our own health. The more careless we are towards our health the more problems we invite. During this pandemic we have started living a healthy life. people now exercise more often and go for healthy drinks and foods. Because now we understand the importance of having a strong immune system and therefore now we are more conscious about our health. Now we understand the real meaning of “Health Is Wealth” , because money might not save you but a strong immune system can.

Before-and-after photos that show how lockdowns reduced air pollution - Insider

Responsibility towards environment : We all can see how our environment is healing during this pandemic. We people are the reason behind the calamities that take place in our earth. Our irresponsibility and carelessness are the only reason for what we are facing today. But the shutdown has given our environment ample time to heal and ample time to we people to think about the destruction we have caused to our planet. The sky and water bodies are more cleaner now, animals and birds are roaming freely without getting scared because there are less cars in the streets, yes the nature is healing as there is less pollution now.

We have taken extreme measures and have changed the way we live our lives to fight for the survival. All these changes have created a positive chain of reaction and it is definitely saving lives.The coronavirus has changed our perception toward’s life.

We might all pay for it unless we take this NEW state of the world as a lesson! A lesson we are capable of taking extreme steps to save lives, A lesson we are capable of reversing our environmental mistake. Once we win against COVID-19, we should not forget the lessons we learned during this pandemic then only we will be in our way to a safer future.

Bhubaneswar An Ideal City

Bhubaneswar the capital and largest city of the state Odisha often known as the temple city of India was formally established in 1948. The city of Bhubaneswar has numbers of temple with amazing architecture which might make you stand and admire it’s beauty. But unfortunately not many are aware of this beautiful city, even though it is a capital of a state. Some identify Bhubaneswar as a capital of one of the poorest state where as some don’t even know that a city of this name even exists. But trust me this city is more than what you think and is well developed like any other mega city.

Not many know that Bhubaneswar which got it’s name form Tribhubaneswara ( lord of three worlds) was designed by a German architect and was considered as one the modern and India’s first well planned city but unlike other mega cities this city lacked recognition. Before analyzing the topic i wanted the readers to have an idea about the city and how ideal it can be.

Bhubaneswar with a population of around 8 lac provides a lot of opportunities for people with creative business ideas. A city which is also know as the start up hub has become a great choice for people to start their venture. For somebody who does not want to start a business in a metro city, Bhubaneswar a tier-II city of India is developing fast and is offering great opportunities for them to grow their business.This city was ranked as the best place to do business in India by the world bank in 2014. Also known as the IT hub, bhubaneswar has got some major IT companies such as TCS , INFOSYS, WIPRO and many more which makes this city favourable for young professionals who wants to enjoy their job in a not so expensive city, yes you heard me right bhubaneswar is not at all expensive and is quite affordable .

did you know that this city is also an educational hub, infact has some elite institutions such as IIT , NISER, AIIMS and NIFT. This city provides a variety of options and scope to students and is also known for it’s quality education. Some people might be surprised to know that Bhubaneswar has a literacy rate of 93.15 % which is significantly higher than the national average literacy rate 74.04 %.

In 2017 The times of India listed bhubaneswar in the top 10 city list, i am pretty sure it will soon make it to top of the list. This beautiful city has come a long way from being called as a temple city to a smart city, no doubt this city will become more advanced in the near future.

THE NEW AGE OF MARKETING

How User Interviews Will Improve Your Customer Journey—and Your Sales - Salesforce Canada Blog

gone are those days when sellers ruled the market,and decided what a customer should buy . Sellers then focused more on their profit and never bothered about their customer satisfaction. Thankfully those days are gone and the new era of marketing has already started. the new age of marketing is way more advanced and systematic . Now customers decide, what a seller should sell and have equal power to control the market. “There is a famous saying that says” customer is the king , no doubt that in today’s scenario customers are more than king, rather they are now worshiped as God.

21st century is all about customer satisfaction. Now marketing is not just about selling the products but it is about selling the right product, to right person at right price and at right time.Today we have various marketing strategies which helps the companies and entrepreneurs to know their customer first, before developing a product or a service. They focus more on communication and consumer choices and then decide the price and the design of the product. so basically we can say that consumer are the geese who lay golden eggs everyday.

Now a whole lot of system is developed just to track the consumers needs to satisfy them. Isn’t it great that a company spends so much money just to keep their customers happy ? But that doesn’t mean the company is not making profit, well the company which takes care of their customers eventually end up having more profit. if a company has great marketing strategies and have loyal customers then it can easily grow and can also run for long term.

Apart from customer satisfaction today’s marketing is also all about going digital. Yes, so here i would be stating the importance of digital marketing in today’s era . Digital marketing has evolved a lot more in these years, with the help of this skill one can not only track their customer’s needs but, can also make money out of it. digital marketing helps the company to grow their brand and also helps the companies to understand their customers in a more easy way. In order to make a product unique digital marketing plays a crucial role.

Change in marketing concepts shows how far marketing has changed. starting from production concept to marketing concept everything has changed and have changed for good. i don’t know how the future of marketing will be but i am sure it will be more scientific , more valuable and more customer oriented.

Students And The Pandemic

Amid COVID-19 pandemic, record 98.82 per cent students pass in ...

the coronavirus pandemic has already affected atleast 188 countries with more than 14.5 million confirmed cases. The virus has not only killed 6 lac people but has also made countries experience their worst economic crises. The pandemic has indirectly affected people in many ways, starting from poor to rich, everyone is facing one or more problems. It has forced some powerful countries with largest economy to impose lockdown which has affected many communities, not because the government wants to destroy their own economy but because there is no other choice left to save people. Countries now are in their worst condition, as they are in situation where they know that in order to save lives, their decisions and strategies will indirectly affect many communities.

Among all other communities, students are one such community who are also facing a lot of problems. Yes it is true that their difficulties and issues might not be greater and even equal to the difficulties faced by health officials, police forces, daily-wage earners, LGBTQ community or any other human being who is seriously affected due to the pandemic, but yet we can not ignore the problems faced by the students since they are the future of the country.

It has already been 4 months since the lockdown was declared for the first time in India. So probably 23rd of march was the last day for students at their schools and college. school students were then very happy about the 15 day lockdown since they thought they will be joining their respective schools after this mini vacation but little did they know that this little vacation of theirs will go on forever.

All sort of educational institutions were forced to close their doors for the safety of their students,but students are atleast now able to cope up with their studies through virtual classes. But unfortunately not all are able to access online classes since it requires good connectivity and most of the students are unable to attend their classes because of poor network. Especially students living in remote or rural areas are facing this particular problem. Government has failed to address this issue since students can only depend upon internet to continue learning. Apart from that we understand that online classes are a good option to continue learning but not the best when compared to classroom learning.

The Dangers of Keeping the Schools Closed – AIER

Student – teacher interaction is something which is lacking in online classes, and hence it decreases their motivation to study. It is quite understandable that such problems will arise in such a situation and it can not be avoided. Students have to manage their studies during this crises, since there is no other option left. This pandemic has also left final year students in a great confusion as they are not sure whether they will be having exams or not. Most of the companies have also withdrawn their offer letters from the students which is another sad thing faced by the final year students. Till now nobody addressed these issues faced by the students and no serious decisions are taken regarding this.

All i know is, that it took a whole pandemic to make students realize the importance of classroom teaching. Nobody knows for how long educational institutions will remain closed, but i am sure all of them are badly waiting for that day when they will be able to learn in their classrooms.

Hard Work vs Smart Work

Working Hard vs Working Smart - UrbanAreas.net

There’s always a debate going on whether to prefer hard work or smart work. An American religious leader Gordon B. Hinckley once said “without hardwork nothing grows but weeds” which clearly states that hard work is something without which success can not be expected. But when it comes to today’s date do you still believe the same ? Years back people did not have access to proper education, people then managed to survive by working hard either in their fields or by working under merchants. All they knew was to work hard in order to have a simple and happy life but days are not the same now. Everything has changed now, people are way more smart now and are reaching new heights by using their smartness.

People now use their brain more to live a happy life, gone are those days when people physically struggled to get their work done. I believe smart work is something which has taken a great from in recent days. In order to be successful people are now focusing more on their smartness than working hard. It is believed that people who focus more on smart work use their brain more efficiently and try to find out even easy ways to get their work done when compared to hard workers.

Smart work requires a lot of analysis. A few hours of analysis can help a person to achieve success even faster. It is also believed that smart workers not only complete their work in less time with utmost efficiency but also lead a stress free life since they don’t invest more time in working hard. Many world leaders including our very own prime minister believe the concept of smart work is way more successful than the concept of hard work. In fact companies like Amazon, TCS , Infosys and many other similar successful companies are majorly interested to recruit smart workers than hard workers because they understand that only smart workers can achieve the organisational goals in a short span of time. Top business leaders now believe that smart work is the new hard work and hence are now hunting people who are good at working smart.

But is it okay to completely ignore hard work ? no it isn’t because hard work might take a long time to give a positive result but smart work is something whose result might not be positive everytime. Initially when a person tries to work smart it is expected that he/she will be facing failures a couple of times but once the concept of smart work is understood everything becomes very easy. Also as i said hard work can not be ignored in order to have a successful future or in order to balance the work life. Smart work combined with hard work results in fast and long lasting success and thus makes life easier. Well i think the time has come where we have to focus more on smart work than hard work in order to work efficiently.

Product Positioning And It’s Importance

8 Customer Buying Trends: Food & Beverage

Product positioning, the concept of this market strategy is not as easy as it sounds. It is a strategy which helps the company keep ideal bond with their customers. As an outsider we might think it’s not even a big deal for the companies to keep good relations with their customers since they have so much money and they can spend it to keep their customers happy. But that’s not how it works. Companies struggle a lot to do so. Before that let me tell you what is product positioning. Product positioning is a strategy that is used by the companies to permanently position their product in the mind of their customers. It is a very essential strategy especially when a company introduces a new product.

Product positioning is not just about occupying the consumers mind but is rather to occupy the minds of the consumers as an ideal product so that they don’t prefer other competitor’s product. But the questions arises , why is that necessary to position a product and why can’t companies ignore product positioning ? well the most simple answer to this is that customers are always overloaded with information and always get confused between similar products and end up buying another competitor’s product. In order to avoid such confusions and situations companies focus on product positioning.

Also as i said earlier it takes a whole lot of planning to position a product since it’s not that easy to control the perception of the customers because in the world of marketing, it gets very difficult to create and erase an impression. If the strategy is implemented in a proper manner then the chances of changing the perception of the consumer towards the product increases. Yes product positioning is all about perception, impressions and feelings a customer has towards a product.

The strategy of positioning is always implemented during the 1st stage of product lifecycle which is the introduction phase of the product, and the product can be positioned on various grounds and factors such as quality, durability , pricing and many more. Also most of the time some companies like Patanjali try to position their products as a common man’s product where as some superior companies such as Apple position their products as a premium or a luxury products.

Positioning can be done by various means and the most common mean is advertisement. Majority of the companies agree that advertisement is the most favorable way to position their products in the mind of their target customers. A well planned advertisement makes it easy for the companies to position their product also apart from this there are several factors as well, which can be used to position the product such as good packaging, good pricing strategies, after purchase services and etc.

Thus that’s how product positioning works, looks easy but is way too complicated for the companies as they have to do proper analysis before trying out this strategy. Chances of failure and success depends upon the way the company decides to position their product, but they can not avoid it since that’s how they will be increasing the demand for their products.

Mumbai and pune to help test oxford’s covid vaccine

Coronavirus Vaccine updates: AstraZeneca-Oxford University's COVID ...

Maharastra the 2nd largest and 3rd most populated state of India reported it’s first corona case on 9th march 2020 in Pune . Slowly maharastra went on to become the hotspot for covid-19 and claims one third of the total corona cases in India. Also the state has the highest number of deaths with a fatality rate of 4.3%. On today’s date Mumbai has the most number of confirmed cases where as Pune has the most number of active cases.

Both the cities Mumbai and Pune comes under red zone area and are still considered as hotspot for covid-19. But irrespective of this situation these two cities will contribute towards the trail of vaccine.

Pune based serum institute of India partnered with Oxford to manufacture the vaccine developed by Oxford university in large volumes. The institute will start vaccine trail on 5k people in pune and Mumbai by august end. The company’s chief executive Adar poonawalla said the company is putting 200 million dollars at risk by manufacturing 300 million doses before the company gets the permission the launch the vaccine.

It is said that the vaccine produced by the Oxford university is safe. Preliminary results have shown that it causes no harm to human being and induces immune reaction. The university itself announced that it shows satisfactory progress and it can be the vaccine for corona virus.

The university has tied up with the serum institute to supply the vaccine to 60 countries including India which has a total population of 3 billion also they expect the vaccine to get ready by the year end which comes out to be positive relief for the indians.

IITs and NITs dropped 12th percentage as admission criteria

The corona virus pandemic has affected almost every sector and community in India and World wide. Due to the pandemic schools failed to organize exams at right time since the country was forced to impose lockdown for the safety of the people. The lockdown not only forced the schools to close but the center also had to cancel the remaining exams of class 10th and 12th. Initially the center postponed the dates for the exams and directed state govertments to postpone the state board exams as well for the betterment of students.

But as the corona cases elevated in the country, parents got more concerned for their children. The CBSE then decided to conduct exams between july 1 to july 15 but concerned parents filed a plea in the supreme court amid the increase in the number of corona cases across the country. CBSE while considering the parents concern decided to declare the results on the basis of exam already conducted and to calculate it on an average basis with internal assessment marks of the remaining subjects.

students especially 12th pass outs were most concerned for their next step, but now they have some good news. IIT have relaxed the admission criteria for 2020 batch. Earlier students required atleast 75% to get eligible for IIT but now this criteria has been scrapped out by the the premier institute IIT.

According to new rule any student with any percentage is eligible for IIT. A student only needs to qualify the JEE MAINS since IITs will accept JEE rank holders irrespective of their 12th percentage. Followed by this NIT also scrapped the same the criteria, this premier institute will also only ask for 12th passing certificate and JEE rank for admissions. This news is a great relief for the students who were preparing for such premiere institutes but due to the current situation couldn’t do well in boards.

VOID AND VOIDABLE MARRIAGES

VOID MARRIAGES

Section 11 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 provides Void marriages as – Any marriage solemnised after the commencement of this Act shall be null and void and may, on a petition presented by either party thereto against the other party, be so declared by a decree of nullity if it contravenes any one of the conditions specified in clauses (i), (iv) and (v) of section 5.

A marriage may be solemnised in the sense that the parties to it have gone through the customary rites and ceremonies of either party thereto as laid down in Section 7. However, such a marriage to be valid must in any event fulfill three of the conditions enacted in Section 5. The three conditions are:

Neither party has a spouse living at the time of the marriage [clause (i)];
The parties are not within the degrees of prohibited relationship, unless the custom or usage governing each of them permits of a marriage between the two [clause (iv)];
The parties are not sapindas of each other, unless the custom or usage governing each of them permits of a marriage between the two [clause (v)].

Section 11 is not applicable to marriage solemnised before the commencement of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 though such marriage may be void. The present section in terms lay down that non-fulfillment of any one of these conditions render a marriage solemnised after the commencement of the Act, null and void from its inception, and either party to such marriage can obtain a decree of nullity from the Court.

A decree of nullity may be passed by the court at the instance of either party to the marriage solemnised after the commencement of the Act on the ground that the marriage was in contravention of any of the three conditions mentioned in the section. Either party to the subsequent marriage can seek relief and not necessarily the aggrieved party i.e. first wife during the subsistence of whose marriage the husband takes second wife has no right to move for declaration of nullity of the subsequent marriage. However, under Specific Relief Act such a petition could be moved by the wife of first marriage for declaration that second marriage of her husband is illegal and void.

VOIDABLE MARRIAGE

Section 12 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 provides Voidable marriages as – (1) Any marriage solemnised, whether before or after the commencement of this Act, shall be voidable and may be annulled by a decree of nullity on any of the following grounds, namely:

(a) that the marriage has not been consummated owing to the impotence of the respondent; or

(b) that the marriage is in contravention of the condition specified in clause (ii) of section 5; or

(c) that the consent of the petitioner, or where the consent of the guardian in marriage of the petitioner was required under section 5 as it stood immediately before the commencement of the Child Marriage Restraint (Amendment) Act, 1978 (2 of 1978), the consent of such guardian was obtained by force or by fraud as to the nature of the ceremony or as to any material fact or circumstances concerning the respondent; or

(d) that the respondent was at the time of the marriage pregnant by some person other than the petitioner.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), no petition for annulling a marriage

(a) on the ground specified in clause (c) of sub-section (1) shall be entertained if

(i) the petition is presented more than one year after the force had ceased to operate or, as the case may be, the fraud had been discovered; or

(ii) the petitioner has, with his or her full consent, lived with the other party to the marriage as husband or wife after the force had ceased to operate or, as the case may be, the fraud had been discovered;

(b) on the ground specified in clause (d) of sub-section (1) shall be entertained unless the court is satisfied

(i) that the petitioner was at the time of the marriage ignorant of the facts alleged;

(ii) that proceedings have been instituted in the case of a marriage solemnised before the commencement of this Act within one year of such commencement and in the case of marriages solemnised after such commencement within one year from the date of the marriage; and

(iii) that marital intercourse with the consent of the petitioner has not taken place since the discovery by the petitioner of the existence of the said ground.

A voidable marriage is a perfectly valid marriage so long it is not avoided. A voidable marriage can be avoided only on the petition of one of the parties to the marriage; if one of the parties dies before the marriage is annulled no one can challenge the marriage. The marriage will remain valid foe ever and children of such marriage are legitimate. But once voidable marriage is annulled the decree is given retrospective effect from the date of the marriage. The marriage is deemed to have been void for all purposes from its inception and parties are deemed have never been husband and wife and children are deemed to have been illegitimate, subject to Section 16 which lays down that the children of annulled voidable and void marriages are legitimate children. (Rameswari Devi v. State of Bihar, AIR 2000 SC).

A marriage may be annulled by a decree of nullity under Section 12 on any of the grounds namely:

Impotency
Unsoundness of mind
Consent obtained by force or fraud
Pregnancy of the wife by someone else at the time of marriage

Consumer Protection Act-2019

Consumer Protection Act to be implemented from July 20; here's how ...

Consumer protection act, 2019 – an act of the parliament of India comes into force. This new act came into force on 20th july 2020, by replacing a 34 years old Consumer Protection Act 1986. This Act will be very helpful for the consumers as the act will empower consumers and will help them exercise their rights. To check the rights of the consumers various notified rules and provisions were developed.

This new law was announced by the Consumer Affairs Minister Shri Ram vilas Paswan, he said that consumer protection act will promote, protect and enforce the rights of consumers and released a set of rules that comes under the act . The law will not only protect the interest of consumers but will also prevent unfair trade practices, buying and selling of unsafe goods and will take care of misleading advertisements. also anybody following such practices will be imposed with penalties and punishments.

So basically this law gives more powers to consumers through various rules related to consumer protection council, product liability, penalty for unsafe goods, penalty for unfair trade practices and consumer disputes redressal commissions. Also the this time this law has few rules for the prevention of unfair trade practice by E-commerce such as every E-commerce should provide proper information of the product, information related to return, refund and also they are bound to include the country of origin of the product.

Consumer Protection Act, 2019: Meaning and Key Features

To check if all these regulations are rightly exercised or not, the central goverment has established an organisation known as CCPA. CCPA which stands for central consumer protection authority is established to conduct investigations on unsafe goods, unfair trade practices,misleading advertisements and they also have the right to impose penalties.

Apart from this some new provisions are also developed such as dispute resolution process are simplified as state and district commissions can review their own orders and also simplified the process to approach the consumer commission through e-filing of complaints and hearings through video conferencing. Hence these new rules are developed totally in the favour of consumers so that they can easily exercise their rights.

Coorg the heaven of Karnataka

Coorg or Kodagu the smallest district of Karnataka is also known as the scotland of India is famous for it’s breath taking nature and hills. This little city lies between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore. This piece of heaven may also be called the land of roaring hills. It is the home of evergreen rain forest species and coffee plantation.

Coorg has always been the attraction to tourists from various places. It is also known for it’s amazing climate and especially monsoon when it rains heavily. This place is inhabited by a proud race of marital men, beautiful woman and wild creatures. Tourists always get fascinated by it’s awestruck beauty and it’s quaint villages. Coorgi are well known for their warm behaviour and they have a tradition of hospitality. There are many tales of valour related to the people of coorg.

The coorgi regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian army. General Cariappa, the first chief of indian army was a coorgi. Almost all people of coorg belonged to a warrior family. There is also an interesting thing about coorg and that is almost every family have a licence to own a gun and even the ladies of the family know how to fire a gun.

Gun rights of Kodava community extended till 2029 | The News Minute

Coorg is well known for it’s coffee plantations . Coffee estates are in abundance and plantation tours are best to have an experience. It is also known as the land of kaveri since this sacred river originates from this beautiful place called Bramhagiri in coorg. Coorg’s history also has deep links to british rule, which later improved the place with good administration and also established many educational institutions, which improved the economic condition of coorg. It has also produced many notable people such as C.B.Muthamma , the first woman to clear the Indian civil services exam and the first woman indian foreign service officer , M.P.Ganesh the former Indian hockey captain, Prema Cariappa the first woman mayor of bangalore and many other great personalities belonged to this beautiful city.

People of karnataka say that if there is a heaven then it is in coorg. And i completely agree with them. I am sure it is a piece of heaven that must have drifted from the kingdom of God .

Tree

A tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem,or trunk,supporting branches and leaves in most species .in some usages ,the definition of a tree may be narrower ,including only woody plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height.trees are all plants and carry out the life process that all plant are share .how ever ,trees are not actually a significant group of their own .trees may be cone bearing plant .

Child Labour – The real issue of India

Fight for their Childhood: Stop Child Labour!

Child labour this term is more often used in India and we know , why we are well aware of this term. This topic has always been in debate and discussions because child labour is against our laws and it is a crime. But yet we all know that chootu of tea stall who makes us tea, or that chootu in garage who helps his master to fix our vehicles or shall we talk about that chootu who runs behind our vehicles during traffic either begging for money or to sell plastic toys. We might come across a few children like them in our daily life but trust me there are around 12.5 million children who are between the age of seven to seventeen engaged as a child labour. I know that’s too much, one can not even imagine these many number of children are forced to earn money at such a tender age.

Everybody knows that hiring a child to the work is illegal yet why do people still hire them ? well because by doing so they save a lot of money. Yes you got me right, such people know that if they hire a skilled or unskilled adult labour then they have to pay them more but since children don’t know the real value of money , they are deliberately paid half the amount and forced to work like any other adult. Now you must be thinking don’t they raise their voice to get equal pay , no they don’t and even if any child takes the courage to speak up then they are verbally and physically abused by their owners in a such a way that they get scared and the thought of their rights never crosses their mind again.

Child labour is not the only fault of the shop owner who made a child work but the actual fault lies in the government. Child labour has just become a topic to discuss, a topic to to have debate but apart from that no actions are taken against it. Poverty and lack of education are the major factors behind the fact of child labour. It’s not that parents are aware of their child’s situation, they know everything about them but still force them to work because they have no other option left. Poverty is making them so vulnerable that they even get ready to sell their child for money. Parents of such children are bound to send their children to work because they don’t get enough money to feed their family which is why they expect their child to earn in any situation so they can combinedly earn something.

It is hard to believe but there are some worst forms of child labour as well, such as slavery, child trafficking, prostituion , pornography, organised begging, drug trafficking and many more. I understand these words itself are so scary that it is hard to digest but then just imagine what could have been the mental situation of such children involved in such illicit activities. Isn’t it painful to know that there are children in this world who have to go through such hell like activities.

Importance and Challenges of HRM

“Human Resource isn’t a thing we do. It’s the thing that runs our business.”
– Steve Wynn

Organisation are social system, which are composed of role, interaction and relationship among its employees who are occupying various positions in the organisation. Success of the organisation and achievements of its goals are the two important things which is necessary for an organisation and this depends on the nature and pattern of cooperation among individuals or it depends on our human resource. As we know human resource is an asset for the organisation and if they are productive and efficient enough we will be able to achieve our goals. Human Resource is not only unique and valuable but it is also an organisation’s most important resource. It seems logical that an organisation would spend a great deal of effort to acquire and make optimum utilisation of such resources. This effort is known as Human Resource Management. Human Resource Management may be defined as a process of recruiting, selecting, inducting the employee, providing orientation, providing training and development, appraising the performance, deciding compensation, motivating employees and maintaining proper relation with the employees. In simple terms, Human Resource Management may be defined as the art of procurement, development, motivation and maintenance of competent workforce in order to achieve organisational goals and targets. It is the process of bringing people and organisation together to achieve the goals of both the parties. Human Resource Management is pervasive in nature. It is action oriented, people oriented and development oriented. It is a challenging function as the nature of people is very dynamic and complex. Human Resource is very important at each and every level and they are:-

Quality of Work Life – Quality of work life is the relationship between employees and total work environment. But the perception of employees is that they think that it is the relationship between working condition and management. Quality of work life can be obtained by maintaining work autonomy, work freedom, rewards, job recognition, etc.
Increases Productivity and Profit – The main task of Human Resource Management is to ensure right people at right time on right position apart from this it also provides opportunities to facilitate and motivate your employees to grow and advance their career. The employee who is motivated works hard to achieve the goals of both the parties which directly influences productivity of the organisation. The main essence of productivity is minimising cost and maximising profit.
Retain Employee and Motivate Them – Optimum utilisation of resources – this line is applicable in all factor of production. Utilising human resource to their fullest and maintaining them in the organisation for a long-term period is a major function of human resource management. Human Resource Management performs various task like career planning, performance appraisal, providing fringe benefits, compensation and rewards to the deserving employees. These factors motivates the employees and also helps in retaining them in the organisation and achieving organisational goals effectively.
Develops Corporate Image – Organisation can sustain when it maintains an ideal image in the market. Everyone like to get associated with a company that is prominent for its moral and social responsibility towards its employees.

There are some challenges too in human resource management:-

Globalisation – Many companies like to grow in global market and prosper there as domestic markets are shrinking. But the impact of globalisation on business are that well known products are losing their national identities.
New Technology – Advanced technology has reduced the number of job as it requires skills. So in order to increase the number of jobs that requires skills, the employer should be re-trained.
Skill Shortage – As the relevance of human resource is increasing recruiting and retaining competent employee is not an easy task. As every company wants the best human resource than the one his rivals have. So proper formulation and implementation of policies are required.

So lastly Human Resource Management is a complex and continuous process which each and every organisation has to do.

CHILD RIGHTS

CHILD – The insignificant sound of this word can assist us with conjuring a picture of a fun loving minimal person who can easily look for bliss by blending with his/her relatives or companion gathering. A youngster is somebody whose psychological and physical advancement is to a great extent subject to the social and familial condition they live in. Youth is a weak stage wherein scholastic interest, great physical movement (read playing with companions) and sufficient social collaboration in a safe domain can add to the child’s physical and mental well – being. After each of the, a glad adolescence can guarantee a brilliant future. In this way, the word youngster work is an unmistakable logical inconsistency of everything that make for a perfect youth. To put it clearly, it’s the work of youngsters in any work that denies offspring of their adolescence, meddles with their capacity to go to customary school, and that is intellectually, truly, socially or ethically perilous and destructive. An exploitative practice however in any case widespread in the Indian Mechanical space.

India’s 2011 statistics demonstrated that there were more than 10.2 million “monetarily dynamic” kids in the age gathering of five to 14 years – 5.6 million young men and 4.5 million young ladies, 8 million kids were working in provincial territories, and 2 million in urban zones. Despite the fact that in provincial settings the quantity of kid laborers diminished from 11 million to 8 million between the 2001 and 2011 censuses, over a similar period, the quantity of youngsters working in urban settings rose from 1.3 million to 2 million. 1 in each 11 kids in India attempts to procure a living, as indicated by insights by Activity Help India. Absence of training, destitution and lacking mindfulness are a portion of the variables that have added to this wretched development of kid work in India. A few examiners accept that a comprehensive training framework and a severe law against this misbehavior can shorten the development of youngster work in our nation.

Despite the fact that these measures can introduce positive outcomes, history has instructed us that kid work laws/approaches have stayed insufficient in battling this hazard. The need of great importance is to address the financial states of our general public which forces a kid to work at a weak age, regularly in regrettable conditions. Ventures particularly exploit this small workforce as they are not in a situation to contend for better wages or favorable work conditions. Frequently guardians of these children push them to work because of miserable neediness. For a creating nation like India, it’s fairly disgraceful to have an equal economy of incompetent and unregulated workforce of kids who are continually being misused by their representatives, in this way impeding their turn of events and the fate of our nation. Is there a light toward the finish of this dim passage? one may ponder.

There unquestionably is.

Other than comprehensive training, tough utilization of kid work laws/administrative structures, social reviews can assume a significant job in checking kid work across different businesses. Be it a little scope industry or an enormous one, each association should give a record of its corporate social presentation as far as giving word related well being and security, work to minorities, ecological contamination and so on. In the expressions of some prominent scholars’ “social inspecting is characterized as a methodical endeavor to distinguish, investigate, measure (if conceivable), assess, and screen the impact of an association’s procedure on society (that is, explicit social gatherings) and on the open prosperity.” Social Review, in this manner, isn’t simply a stock of social projects completed by the organization yet a successful technique to recognize and decide the social obligations that ought to have been released.

As we have learnt, there are numerous pernicious elements that have added to the development of youngster work in our nation. Be that as it may, the opportunity has arrived to change the monetary texture of our general public for a superior and more promising time to come. A small advance towards this objective can presumably be social reviews alongside settling on educated choices and spreading mindfulness.

These are worldwide principles which request to not control lone youngster work yet in addition to give not too bad living to all representatives of the associations. These principles help the makers to keep up great workplace in the production lines. It gives the certainty to the general public that the producers regard the privileges of the workers.

The Perils of Perfectionism

Perfectionism can be described as the persistent need or desire to accomplish things perfectly, according to a standard that one sets for oneself. It is considered a positive virtue often in our culture. We encourage students to strive for their best and athletes have grueling practice sessions in order to reach their goals. The desire to do well is a good thing but one has to ask whether an obsession with perfectionism actually ends up being counterproductive. We need to distinguish between aiming to do well which is what high achievers tend to do, and being obsessed with nothing but perfection, a standard too high to reach and humanly impossible to achieve.

In a society where individuals are so often judged based on what they are capable of achieving and what position they hold, it is tempting to base all our worth on our ability to do something flawlessly. The temptation is greater for certain personality types who are naturally prone to work harder and be ambitious. Perfectionism has a positive side which involves healthy practices like setting goals for oneself, attempting to do better, and to learn and grow more. The negative side includes feelings of unworthiness, fear of failure, anxiety, insecurity, and debilitating stress. A healthy balance of both, and a need to overcome an obsession with being perfect is essential to maintain mental and physical health.

man in black suit achieved an accomplishment — Photo by Andrea Piacquadio on Pexels.com

Perfectionism causes an individual to set standards for himself that he might not be able to keep. This can lead to him becoming anxious or depressed. It will affect his relationship with others, he might consider asking for help a sign of weakness, and he might develop severe trust issues since he tends to believe others will not do as good a job as him; he will think that unless he carries out a task, it won’t be perfect. This often leads to exhaustion and severe stress. A perfectionist tends to obsess over details that might not be that important, and their fear of failure might lead them to not engage in many opportunities. They usually tend to procrastinate chronically, and they might also end up holding others to impossible standards as well. Perfectionists are overly critical about themselves and worry about whether they are doing things right. As opposed to high achievers who will be satisfied with having given their best, perfectionists will need to have done everything perfectly regardless of how equipped they are to do the activity. Unrealistic standards and unnecessary self-criticism are detrimental to our mental health and our ability to do work well. It also makes us defensive and anxious about all criticism.

Understanding the signs of perfectionism and trying to undo it is important for every individual who struggles with this issue. Self-affirmation and acceptance can be one of the first steps towards a better and healthier approach to work. A work ethic that is bent on having everything perfect only destroys rather than builds. Acknowledge that you are not perfect and that you are bound to make mistakes. Delegate tasks and trust others when you are overburdened. Set goals that are achievable and be kind to yourself. Don’t ruminate over a problem excessively but learn to let go and move on. If you find yourself going on a thought spiral, find a distraction that will break that thought cycle: take a nap, do a mundane task, phone a friend. Remember to let yourself breathe and be human, to aim for excellence but not perfection.

Green Building -The future

Our climate is changing. A shift in the number of wildfires, tsunamis, earthquakes, droughts, and heavy rainfalls has been attributed to climate change. These changes have had an impact on agriculture and wildlife, including the introduction of new pests and depleting habitats.

Humans and our current life style practices remain the leading contributors to climate change, with carbon being the main culprit.

The Impact of Carbon
According to Architecture 2030, nine hundred billion square feet of buildings will be newly constructed or renovated by 2030. Buildings are one of the leading contributors to carbon emission, mainly from their use of fossil fuels during operations. In fact, cities and urban areas are responsible for approximately 75 percent of carbon emissions. If these buildings continue to be developed and run in the traditional manner, the environmental damage will only progress.

Thankfully, with an increased focus on the hazards that buildings emit into the atmosphere, companies are starting to consider adopting greener initiatives. Cities worldwide are investing in climate action plans with the goal of reducing their environmental footprint. This includes “Smart City” initiatives to better manage existing infrastructure, zero waste policies, alternative energy sources, and researching the potential of developing net zero buildings.

Resource Efficient
Integrating sustainable resources that are long lasting is key to ensuring that a structure is fully sustainable. Products such as reclaimed wood, recycled plastic or glass, as well as energy-efficient, locally sourced materials such as concrete that naturally contains a high thermal mass, will ensure that the building is resource efficient.

Net Zero as a Solution
Net zero, however, for several companies and homeowners, still feels largely unattainable. Cost, restricting policies and procedures, and limited information often create roadblocks for making these energy-neutral buildings a reality. To be able to create these buildings, end users and investors need to both understand and value the chosen solution. This includes investing in energy-efficient solutions and advocating for standards that are environmentally responsible while being cost effective at the same time.

So what does it mean to be environmentally responsible? Creating an environmentally responsible building begins with an understanding of the current systems that negatively impact the environment, such as heating and cooling, and finding alternatives that will decrease the impact. This includes looking at both the site and size of the structure to reduce the amount of resources used. The key is to minimize the overall impact on the environment. Once the site is determined, architects and builders need to look at how the structure of the building can insulate (keep energy in), while also integrating solutions that will store any excess heat in the winter and that will pre-cool the structure in summer during the night.

A net zero building needs to produce as much energy as it consumes. This requires some outside-of-the-box thinking and the integration of a variety of solutions that seamlessly work together for a healthier environment. Because heating and cooling are two of the main sources of carbon, it makes sense to begin by looking at systems that will reduce the use of HVAC systems.

One project that did exactly this was the Ed Lumley Centre for Engineering Innovation at the University of Windsor campus. With a desire for cleaner air, this project included the installation of a bio wall. This wall, which includes 1,500 plants, naturally filters the carbon dioxide in the air and then transfers its freshness to the entire building. This building also boasts glass and solar systems, a green roof that collects and filters rain water, and hollow core slabs to both harness and store energy and in turn decrease the use of traditional HVAC systems.

Green buildings are not about implementing one solution alone; instead, the architects and engineers need to work in collaboration to find solutions that will lessen the carbon footprint. Each aspect of the building needs to be considered, from the insulation to how energy will be harnessed, stored, and released.

Developing a Foundation for Net Positive
Increased awareness of not only the value, but the necessity of adopting green building initiatives in new builds and retrofits is critical. All those involved in the green building industry, including builders, engineers, and architects, play a vital role in helping to shift thinking at both the industry and consumer levels. This includes educating and advocating for the adoption of solutions that will have a positive impact: green solutions that will pave the way to a net positive tomorrow.

Structure of government in North Korea

The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is an Asian country situated in the northern section of the Korean Peninsula. Pyongyang is the nation’s capital and largest city. North Korea is a self reliant socialist state. It can be said as Stalinist dictatorship of the workers party of Korea. North Korea is a one-party state that is guided by the Jucheand Songun ideologies of self-reliance and military prioritisation. The country has a fixed constitution as well as the ‘Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System’ which sets standards for governance and the behaviour of the North Korean people. The main branch of government is the State Affairs Commission of North Korea deliberates and determines the work of defence building of the State, including major North Korean governmental policies which carries out the all instructions of the leadership.
The government has features a unicameral Supreme People’s Assembly (SPA) with 687 members, each of whom are elected every five years. The president of the SPA is titular head of the korea. Constitutionally SPA is highest organ of state power and primary legislative organ. The session of the SPA is held for one or two times in a year for one week or more than one week. The Sessions of the Supreme People’s Assembly (SPA) are overseen by the Premier. The premier also appoint the vice primiers, cabinet ministers. The government is dominated by the members of the workers party of Korea. They also take part in the passing of laws, discussing domestic and foreign policies, appointing cabinet members, and reviewing and approving the state economic strategy. All elections to the assembly are based on a list of WPK- approved candidates who always run unopposed. There are also two parties the Korean Social Party and the Chondoist Chongu Party, it exist nominally, only the WPK holds any power at the national level.
The government is under one man leadership and since it’s independence in 1948 the highest position is only occurred by the three different member of one family (Kimdynasty). The workers party of Korea (WPK) is only lead by the Kim I L sung and his family. The Workers party of Korea comprises of 3 million members and control politics of North Korea. After the death of the Kim I L sung then his son Kim Jong became leader of North Korea an ld now his grand son Kim Jong Un is leader. Since 17 December 2011, Kim Jong Un is supereme head of the country.

Conclusion

North Korean government is totally Authoritarian government. It falls under the one party rule and one man leadership. Based on communist system, in North Korea there is nominally occurs other parties but only Worker’s Party of Korea onlyh old the supreme power. The other parties are only as puppet. So we can say that there is organisational dictatorship.

Thanks

INDIA: UNITY IN DIVERSITY

As we all know that there are multi culture in India …in every state of India you will find a collection of different cultured people…like, their language will be different…. their costumes will be different …their rituals will be different…but only one thing is there which provides uniqueness to India , that all the people live together…..whatever their background is , they cooperate and compromise and live with unity….

we have seen so much examples of their unity…some are as follows:

we see a Muslim family’s child is participating in dress competition by wearing lord Krishna’s dress,

we see that Sikhs are organizing langar for Muslims…

we see that a Muslim girl in Mumbai wins GITA contest…..

we see in a Hindu Ganpati Pandal in Mumbai which became a makeshift venue for Eid Namaaz for Muslims, as the nearby mosque had run out of space……..

We see in Mumbai a woman was in a critical condition and about to deliver when some female devotees took her to the Ganpati Temple, Wadala, Mumbai and gave birth to a baby boy. And, couple named the boy “Ganesh”.

We see when soldiers are on border they are there for India not for their religion.

We see when a cricket match is going on then everyone whatever they are they just cheer for India like, indiaaaaaa……indiaaaaaa….

we see that Muslims make way on road while Hindus pass silently during Ganesha chaturthi …….and the list is so long….

you know what there are mainly 5 religions India named as, Hinduism,Muslims,Sikhism,Christianity,Buddhism,Jainism…….

you know what there are 22 languages in India named as, Assamese,Bengali,Bodo,Dogri,Gujarati,Kannada,Kashmiri, Konkani,Maithili,Malayalam,Manipuri,Marathi,Nepali,Odia,Punjabi,Sanskrit,Santali,Sindhi,Tamil,Telugu,Urdu and Hindi….At present, as per the Ministry of Home Affairs, there are demands for inclusion of 38 more languages in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution.

In India whatever the person is Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Christian, Jain….if you ask them that who are they? Then you know what!!! What they will answer??…. They will say that they are AN INDIAN….how many languages speak in India but there is only one language that connect them with each other and that language is of love, humanity, respect, care……SO FEEL PROUD TO BE AN INDIAN…….and I can’t stop my feelings to share the famous lines and that are….

MAZHAB NAHI SIKHATA, AAPAS MEIN BAIR RAKHNA HINDI HAI HUM, WATAN HAI HINDUSTAN HAMARA…….

The Course of Judicial Activism in India: Pros and Cons

The judiciary is a system of courts which take decisions by interpreting the law. In judiciary is a independent body, which has separate powers, especially to interpret the constitution and other statutes to take any decision in the court of law. The judiciary is one of the organ of the government along with executive and legislature, and only if all of them function properly it lead to the development of the nation. When the judiciary goes beyond the provisions of the constitution and other statutes to take a decision, and thinks about the political, moral, ethical and social aspects of taking the decision, then it is said that the court law has taken decision through “Judicial Activism”. This has been defined by Black’s Law Dictionary as the “philosophy of judicial decision-making whereby judges allow their personal views about public policy, among other factors, to guide their decisions.”Ironically judicial activism is no where to be defined in the Indian Constitution or other statutes. Only the supreme courts and high courts can use the process of judicial activism to take a decision. There has been an evolution in respect to this concept from the times of independence. From those times efforts have been taken to implement judicial activism, however it is being effectively followed only from the past few years. P.N Bhagwati was the first one to use judicial activism to introduce the concept of PIL (Public Interest Litigation).

In the starting stages, where the legislature was just building up, it did not give importance to judicial activism, rather it stuck to its old traditional ways. Only after a decade or two after India got independence in 1947, the concept of judicial activism just started to evolve. The course of judicial activism in the nation did take some wild turns, and its origin and evolution will de discussed further in the article. The concept of judicial activism started gaining power firstly in the Keshwananda Bharti case, where it was declared that the basic structure of the constitution shall not be prone to nay change, this decision was taken place when our hon’ble prime minister Indira Gandhi imposed an emergency in the nation, even though the judiciary was under pressure, it took the right decision by keeping judicial activism in mind. Later in the In A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, the Supreme Court of India has rejected the claim that a person cannot be deprived of art 21 only by due process of law, but that procedure established should be reasonable and fair. It stated that this was a mistake of the makers of the constitution as it has been omitted by them during its making. This has taken another turn when the word “life” under article 21 does not simply mean mere existence, but means that every human being shall carry on life with dignity and respect in the society. Then in 1967, in the Golaknath & Ors vs State Of Punjab, the supreme court has given the judgement that the fundamental rights under part III of the constitution shall not be amended, even if it could be done as stated under article 368 with a two third majority in both the houses of parliament. The PIL case which was mentioned earlier has also judicial activism possible in India, as it avoids unnecessary litigation, and gives anyone the chance to file a case. There are several cases which were landmark judgments to the concept of judicial activism, like Hussainara Khatoon (I) v. State of Bihar, Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration,etc.

However, there have been some criticism that the concept of judicial activism is facing. Firstly, due to this concept the judge often displays personal opinions in the judgment given, which may or may not be considered good in the eyes of the society. Secondly, when the judiciary is using this concept to take decision in vital cases, it is displaying the power which wasn’t given to it, hence we can say that the separation of powers is not being followed. It is said that the judiciary which does not consist the elected members, is lowering the power of the executive and judiciary. There has also been a confusion between judicial review and judicial activism, where judicial review means the actions of the legislature and executive could be reviewed by the judiciary if they are complying to the provisions of the Constitution and other statutes. There is a very slight difference between both of them, and both have been considered useful in th terms of law.

In Spite of the criticism judicial activism has been proven to be very useful, especially in todays world. The application of law should differ as per the changes in the society, as the trend, belief, thoughts and values change in the society the laws have to change for the well being of its citizens. The times has come where the judges should take bold decisions, and they have to use their power to provide equal and fair justice to all. Some recent cases where judicial activism has done a great service to the society are, declaring Right to privacy as a fundamental right in the Justice K.S.Puttuswamy v. Union of India and others case, criminalising triple talaq in the Shayara Bano v. Union of India case , legalising passive euthanasia in Common Cause v. Union of India case, declaring Right to marriage as a fundamental Right in Shakti Vahini v. Union of India case, and many more such cases.

Therefore, we can come to a conclusion that there are positives and negatives to judicial activism, it has been beneficial in bringing change through certain judgements, and it has been bad as it has affected the authority of elected representatives, government officials, ministries, and the police. If there is legislation on judicial activism, many problems related to power and authority maybe avoided, but this to may have some concern. However it did play a significant role in getting justice to different classes of the society.

Legal Issues associated with Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial intelligence is a combination of a human intelligence and thinking capacities along with machines, when a machine conducts like a human being or animal, and displayed analytical and logical reasoning skills like a human, it is termed as “ Artificial Intelligence”(AI). AI literally means use of a human intelligence not by a human, as it is artificial. It is a field in computer science, and AI can function like a human being without any human help. The rise of AI, has posed many challenges in the field of law. Many questions have arised regarding the legality of AI, its application, the legality of its actions, and the change that has to be brought in the books of law. The legal issues and challenges related to AI have been discussed as follows:

Liability: It is the state of being legally responsible for something, if in case an offence which led to some damage has been committed by AI, who would be held liable, would it be the creator, the consumer or any other middleman. Law has to make new provision regarding the apportionment of liability in the case of AI. Even if the liability has been established, what would be the nature of the offence, civil or criminal, and what would be the punishments and penalties for the same.
Recognition of AI as a person/citizen: Should AI be recognised as a natural and legal human being and be bestowed with all the human rights, can we regard AI as a person who can fulfill human obligations, and should citizenship be granted to AI technologies like robots. These are issues which have made the legislature think about giving citizenship to robots. The law does not recognise a robot as a person, and if any offense has been committed by the robot, it is assumed that the manufacture, creator, and other parties are held responsible, but can they be held responsible is the question. A robot can be established for a particular reason, but there are things which are out of the control of the creator and actions can take place which have not been anticipated, when the mental intention to cause harm does not exist, can one be punished for the actions of their creation. The only nation which gives citizenship to a robot is Saudi Arabia, it has given citizenship to a humanoid robot named Sophia.
Data Privacy: For AI to operate, lots of data has to be analysed, collected, processed and uploaded to a robot or any other AI technology, there are high risks where there can be misuse of personal data, which can lead to various cyber crimes. Measures have to taken regarding the security of the data which s being used, they have to be taken in such a way where confidentiality of sensitive information can be maintained. Even if such measures are taken some data can be leaked involuntarily. The Personal Data Protection Bill 2018 (Data Privacy Bill) in India, has been implemented recently which makes the organisations using the data accountable for its privacy, there is a provision which states that AI should have the right to forget information which may pose a threat. However this provision is still highly debatable, as forgetting it may affect the learning abilities of AI even more.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): IPR are the rights given to intangible creations which have been created or invented out of human intellect. The four types of IPR are copyrights, trademarks, patents and trade secrets, these are given for different creations according to the conditions specified. These rights give recognition and protection to all intangible creations. All the above rights do not take non-human or AI creation into consideration, so what if AI creates new things out of its intelligence, hence in the future the definition of the above rights may have to change, and no longer its traditional ways can be followed.
Agreements and Contracts: AI if used effectively and efficiently, can make up a perfect contact managing system, where all the disputes related to contracts could be solved using AI, The mechanism and procedures relating to drafting a contract can also be done by AI. In the future we can even expect smart contracts, where all the above functions will take place in the digital world, but for all these to happen either newer provisions or changes to older ones in the contract law has to be brought suitable to AI.
Competition Law: AI will use different type of technology for it to function better than a normal human being, and the companies and firms who possess AI mabe in an advantaged position than its competitors, as use of AI can lead to better services to consumers, and accurate decisions of pricing strategies. AI can capture the situations in the market, and accordingly analyse the information and give proper steps which have to be taken by the firm. However, this is considered to be anti competitive and illegal under the Competition Act, 2002, which prohibits anti-competitive agreements and combinations, and firms having a dominant position over others. Competition shall be in a fair manner. Therefore changes have to be made in the law to make sure no one gets the benefit out of using AI as a protection to the activities taking place in the firm.

These are the major legal challenges that are being faced due to artificial intelligence, these are not all of them, but they constitute some of the important ones. We are presently in a fast moving generation, in it becomes vital to understand the legal and ethical implications of AI and its effects. AI has been proved to be beneficial in many ways, but if not controlled properly, may act as a threat to the dignity of the nation, and the only way this can be avoided is by making provisions in the present legislative framework regarding AI and it applicability. The provisions should be framed after taking into consideration all the above challenges, and effective follow up action should also be done. The stricter the legislation, the lesser the problems. All the above challenges and issues act as shortcomings or drawbacks to the field of law, the traditional legal frameworks is no longer applicable, it should be changed according to the situations prevailing around us. AI will continue to face such barriers as long as no change ir brought, it high time we recognise new technology in the world.

THE LEGAL HISTORY OF MADRAS

The judicial system in madras occurs in three stages where the British tried their best to administer justice in the town. The company first formed a judicial structure in the towns to help the Englishmen living in the town and to secure justice for them. But slowly the company acquired a large area where they could not neglect the indigenous population anymore thus this lead to the development of a through judicial systems. Madras was previously known as a Madraspatnam which was a small village. Francis Day was sent south by the East India Company to acquire land due to the shortage of cotton in the north and to ease the trade. Francis Day procured a land grant for the area of Madraspatnam after negotiations with the Raja of Chandragiri to build a factory in 1639. The land was used to build the Fort of St George. The Raja had also granted to the Company full power. the charter of 1660, This allows the company to form laws in accordance to the English laws for its government. The charter gave the Company power to make laws for its government and for that of the factors, masters and mariners employed in voyages, provided such laws were not repugnant to the laws of England. The town of Madraspatnam was divided into white town and black town.

The Town of Madras was subordinate to the town of Surat. The administrative head on the town was called as an “Agent “. The agent was a subordinate to the president of the factory in Surat. He was supposed to administer justice in the town. The serious offenders and the cases should be consulted by the company authorities in England. But there were defects the judicial power of the agent and the council was vague and indefinite and many delays also, they did not have any. The black town had a different system of administration of justice. The old tradition of the judicial system was allowed to continue where the village headman was to judge all cases of the village. The village headman was called as “Adigar”; the court was called as the Choultry court. Then the Choultry court became a court where petty cases would be decided. The most cases were decided by the agent and his council or the raja. There is no conclusive report where these cases were held due to lack of reports. But the existing reports show that there wasn’t a clear system that was followed. The officers in the Choultry court were not similar to the laws of the natives. This shows that the judicial system was rudimentary.

Chapter 1660, This empowered the governor and his council to authorize or give death penalties and death sentences for capital offences. The charter vested more powers in the Governor-General and his council which gave them extensive judicial powers. The agent and the council uncertain about their jurisdiction and their judicial duties deferred the case to the company authorities in England. The company made the town of Madras a presidency town. This gave extensive judicial power to the agent and his council who were elevated to the position of the governor-general and his council. The court of judicature, Steynsham Master who was the Governor of Madras reorganize the Choultry Court and established a court of judicature in 1678 for the trial of civil and criminal cases by jury deriving authority from the charter of 1661 which vested all judicial powers to the governor-general and his council. The court would take in appeals by the Choultry courts. The cases in the court were decided as per the English laws with the help of jury of 12 men. The Governor and Council were to have original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction in cases decided by, the Choultry Court. Thus a well-administered judicial system was implemented. This established two courts and well-understood jurisdiction of cases. There were pitfalls in this system too. The officers who sat at the court were not lawyers or familiar with the laws of the native land. The officers would not dispense justice at a higher level as they were not lawyers. The judgment of the cases was subpar but this was a step ahead from the previous court system. This much-needed improvement from the elementary implementation of justice that was previously administered in the town. The lack of lawyers was apparent.

Admiralty court– Under the provisions of the Charter of 1683 a new court was established in Madras on 10 July 1686. It was called the admiralty court. The court was to decide cases according to the rules of equity and a good conscience and the laws and customs of merchants. It has to have the power to hear and determine all cases, mercantile and maritime in nature, concerning persons within the charter limits of the Company; all cases of trespasses, injuries and wrongs, done or committed on the high seas, or within the charter limits; cases of forfeitures and seizures of ships or goods. The court practised English civil law instead of the common law in England as the jurisdiction of the court was extended to ships from different countries. The civil law that’s was used was an amalgamation of the maritime customary laws. The court in 1687 secured services of an English professional lawyer, Sir John Briggs who would preside over the court as written in the charter. The presence of a lawyer decreased the need for the governor-general and his council to sit at the court. Thus the role of the governor-general and his council in the court declined. The court of admiralty exercised wide jurisdiction as opposed to what was stated in the charter. The establishment of the Admiralty court was a landmark in the judicial history of Madras as for the first time a professional lawyer was to administer justice and the executive gave up judicial functions in the admiralty court.

Mayor’s court– It was common and custom in England that the judicial powers would be deferred to Municipal Corporation of the city, this was seen in London. The British thought to apply the same administration in Madras. The corporation of Madras consisted of a mayor, 12 Alderman and 60 Burgesses. Every year the mayor was selected by the Alderman. The tenure was for life or the period of stay in Madras. The first mayor and the 12 Alderman were already selected by the charter itself. The Burgesses were to be selected by the Mayor and the alderman. The court was held every fortnight and the quorum was the Mayor and two aldermen. There was an existence of a jury who convened to judge criminal cases. The Mayor’s Court dispensed justice not according to any fixed law, but as its Charter laid down.

The judicial administration in madras during 1639-1726 was elementary. Justice was administered by non-lawyers. Their judgment was subpar and at their discretion. They had no judicial training and very much vested in the executive decisions of the company. When the company first procured Madras their focal point was still trading. Thus the earlier stages of the judicial system in Madras were rudimentary and no proper demarcation of jurisdiction. The officers were not familiar with the Hindu laws which were applied to the Hindu native and the Muslim laws that were applied to the Muslim natives, this lead to major inconsistent judgment. The situation changed after 1687 when there was an introduction of some sort of structure to the judicial system. The charter of 1688 showed signs of freedom of the judiciary from the executive powers but installation of the Mayor’s court changed that. Yet, the judicial system introduced a democratic structure to India where the autocratic rule was used.

Contribution of Health Workers – Real Heroes.

The Hero for us is mostly a superstar, for whom we stand up and applaud in the cinema halls. These are our reel life heroes whom we admire a lot and millions of people follows them. Do we ever look back take some time to appreciate what the real life heroes do for us. We are a lot privileged to have these people around us who will stand by strongly no matter what. Real life heroes are mainly the Social service providers like Doctors, Soldiers or Health workers who single handedly holds the Earth together. The systems will break down in no time if these people fails to or if they aren’t competent to do their work seriously. What would have happened if they haven’t served so much for he society? Working towards a national cause is the best policy of serving the humanity. Existence would have seized if these people weren’t available there for contributing towards needs of the society. Heath workers, maybe we don’t recognize them as much as we do to the Superstars, but their contribution isn’t any less. Heath workers are the Pillars of society, they are those people who helps to cure patients and takes care of them so they heals properly. They have to deal with a lot of patients suffering from various physical or mental ailments. They look after those victims constantly and convinces them about the beauty of life, also helps in preventing further problematic situations for them. They in turn contribute to the health workforce. We actually owe a lot and will be supremely grateful for and never disrespect them.

In this present scenario we get a lot of information through media that so many health workers are randomly getting affected by the Covid 19 and also some are losing lives because of this cause. This is so heart wrenching to hear of their demise for such a noble cause i.e., providing service to the public. They are disguised Gods who give a new life to the broken people. A patient who has lost all hopes and is waiting for the end needs a lot of motivation and guidance for accepting that they deserve to live more and fight back. This mental support is very much needed and is very much needed and is provided by the health working. Not just this day, the Health workers are doing this jobs since the starting of the pandemic, all over the world. The health workers initially started their duties with testing to trace the covid 19 patients. It was their primary duty to detect whoever is corona positive. Then they isolate those patients and also provides utmost care and concern to them. It is really difficult to wear those Personal Protective Equipment kits which has been prescribed by the Medical Association of India. We don’t know whether they take proper food or nutrients. yet cannot do anything about that. Health workers also voluntarily fulfills the requirements of those who stays in Home quarantine.

For the Health workers, Work is God, their family becomes secondary to them. As because they are liable towards society they cannot take a leave any day and go to meet with their family. Even if the Family requires them urgently, many a times they are unable to attend social gatherings or meetings. The family deliberately misses them, like we all do and they sadly so cannot indulge themselves in all the happiness either. They are so dedicated towards their work, they rarely takes up holidays. Many health workers have to work 24 * 7 and no body knows when a patient would need a First Aid. They even do not get proper mess or rooms to stay. Random cases are over the media nowadays where frequently these people are abused or harassed due to the fear of Covid. Their families are tortured and thrown out of their homes. This shows that hardly any humanity is left within us any more. They do not get Honors or Prizes ever, they don’t need such but all we can do is provide them with proper empathy and acceptance. They are our real life Heroes and the children should learn and read more about them and get inspired by their work spirits. Children shall look up to them as their role model. They are the strong walls on which the community stands intact.

Cultivating Self-Love

Owning our story and loving ourselves through that process is the bravest thing that we’ll ever do. Be proud of who you are, and not ashamed of how someone else sees you.

The process of loving yourself can be extremely difficult. Especially if you don’t know what steps to take. So, it is quintessential to discern what self love constitutes and what it doesn’t.

Self-love is having time for your own beautiful ideas, memories and dreams. It is honouring yourself enough to believe in those passions and see that you need them, that you need to pursue them to be the person you were born to develop into. Self love is allowing yourself to mature and change, to grow into new perspectives and be comfortable enough in your own skin to allow your creativity to have the chaos it needs to be strong and the focus it needs to move in a positive direction. It is a state of being that respects these rights in others, that takes to heart that only they can see their path as only we can see ours, and that this sort of respect is a fundamental key to being human and living together. That this is part of liberty, that order comes from divine chaos, and all that requires self respect. Thus, self-love is genuine and complete acceptance of oneself.

However, what self-love discards is the egoistical self-centred sense of being whereby you only “love” yourself when you’ve “won” versus others, or when you consider yourself “better” than others. This is unsustainable and not authentic love for self, as when you truly love and accept yourself you don’t need to compare yourself to others. True self-love is not selfish pleasure, but rather the origin of discipline and willpower.

When you are conscious of that, that’s fantastic, you have made the first step- pat yourself on the back as it takes a lot of strength to admit that to yourself. Self-love is the most efficient route to everything from true self-discipline to pursuing your dreams, living out your full potential, and living an authentic and fulfilling life. It’s not easy, I am still on this path but it’s gradual and when you see yourself progressing on it, it truly is amazing. So how do we do it?

When you make choices or decisions ask yourself- ‘What would I do if I truly loved and accepted myself?”. Even if you haven’t accepted yourself yet, it puts you in the right mind-set and your decisions will reinforce the love for self. Aim to free yourself of any attachment. You are not your things, you are not your job, you are not your partner, you are not your friends, you are not your money. You are you. We cling on to them because they help us define ourselves – all because we don’t love ourselves. Stay true to yourself and if that means some people won’t accept you because of it – that’s fine because you are accepting yourself. Doesn’t it feel amazing when you acted naturally and did what was true to you ?
Do more of things that bring you true joy and not just pleasure. For example, think about what activities make you most happy or brought you most joy when you were a kid or teenager. It could be drawing, reading a book, helping someone, playing an instrument, etc. It must be true joy and not just superficial pleasure from activities as they might not help you cultivate that real self love.

Then, try focusing more of your attention to the present. Don’t get stuck with an image of you in the past or future. You need to realise that there is only now and no other time is real. The past was gone and the future is yet to come. Now is the only real setting there is- so bring your attention to it and cherish it. Look around you, focus on what your senses are feeling and even act surprised as if you just found out you exist. I personally found meditation to be incredibly powerful in cultivating this as a daily mind-set.

Those were the five things that helped me, I hope you will find something useful in them. Remember – let your ego fall and let unconditional love rise – for yourself and for others. You cannot truly love others unless you’ve learned to love yourself first. You must put oxygen mask on yourself first before putting it on others.

Self-love is looking out for yourself, not in a selfish way, but in a healthy way. Once we develop this discipline, we can use it in all sorts of life areas, like going to bed early, keeping up with physical activities, saying no to junk food, dedicating time to read and learn, and so much more. Quell the spoiled toddler, become the correct parent of your own mind. All the best with your beautiful journey !

Tourism Industry: Survival of the Fittest is the New Normal

-SHUBHANKAR

Will the tourism industry ever be the same? The question seems to be unanswerable at the moment in this kind of a situation. Tourism plays a very vital as well as important role in determining the economy of a country. Tourism, especially in India constitutes a major part of the economy. But after the Covid 19 pandemic hit the world, tourism has been shut ever since. And more over if it even starts eventually slowly opening up, people would rather prefer to not travel at this stage when the world is being caught by a pandemic. The only the tourism industry could again start and flourish is with the help of a bit of innovation and technology being used in the tourism industry.

Be it the use of Artificial Intelligence or the use of any other means, but innovation is needed. What the tourism industry could use is the power of advertisement, to advertise about the tourist places, the hotels, the places and also adding a dimension of safety initiatives they would provide, so that the tourists are attracted. Be it the use of robots in hotels to welcome the guests rather than people welcoming the guests. This would be innovative as well as use of technology would mean less chances of transmission of infections. The tourist should be offered good offers or attractive discounts so that tourists can’t resist but plan for going for a holiday. The offers could be like giving heavy discounts or giving relaxation on air fare for tourist destinations. One thing which could be done by hotels could be the assurance of safety measures being provided by them to their customers and also about the food they are providing to the customers, is it properly cooked and is it hygienic or not.

See, nowadays customers would be looking more for hygiene rather than the prices of hotels and tourist packages prices. They would be making sure that if the city or country they are visiting for a holiday isn’t well equipped with their health facilities, then they wouldn’t travel there. So, the tourist destinations should also focus now upon improving the health conditions of the destination by a fair and better margin than it was before. Yes, tourism industries profits would take a toll, but as we know this world is a globalised world, travel can’t stop and the world will be back to normal once again. But till then, the tourism industry has to make a well laid down plan with regards to how they will use the technology available in the world to the fullest use so that customers can be attracted towards these holiday destinations back and tourism starts flourishing again. With the use of innovative ideas, the main aim of the tourism industry now should be to focus more on the marketing aspect, much more than they previously did. Because this time it’s not the customers who would come on their own to holiday destinations, but they would have to be lured towards these destinations through aggressive use of advertisements and marketing techniques, which also includes promotions.

Well, yes the pandemic isn’t going anywhere now, but as is said that tough times also go away and a new beginning is always there, so a new beginning for the tourism industry is always there, just a little bit of effort is required.

Child Sexual Abuse

Child Sexual Abuse is one of the most heinous evils rampant in our society today. It is an issue that needs to be acknowledged in our houses and our systems if it is to be fought properly. Child sexual abuse refers to situations where a child is exploited sexually, tricked into involvement in sexual activities. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) as “the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not fully comprehend, is unable to give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared and cannot give consent, or that violates the laws or social taboos of society…”. The perpetrator is usually someone who the child knows well and has been around the child in places considered safe. The dynamics involved in such situations are very different from similar abusive cases involving adults and thus need to be treated differently.

Child sexual abuse includes both physical and non-physical activities between two individuals one of whom is a minor for the sexual gratification of the other person who is older than the minor. Rape, penetrative sexual activities, touching of breasts or genitals, forcing the child to watch porn or engage in harmful sexual activities, taking pictures and videos of the child, etc all come under child sexual abuse. It is not usually a one-time event but a continuous process that usually becomes more invasive and destructive with time. Child sexual abuse is a crime inflicted on a minor who is unable to give consent or process what is done to them. It leaves lasting effects that stay with them as they grow up and even cripples their ability to engage in everyday activities. It destroys them mentally, emotionally, and physically making many of them struggle with their experiences as adults. Self-doubt, fear, and repulsion of their own bodies is a common byproduct, as are PTSD, suicidal thoughts, and depression. Child sexual abuse leads to the devastation of entire families and individuals precisely because of its particular nature and the vulnerability of children.

road walking cute young — Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

Child sex trafficking rings and kidnappings are large scale industries which profit from sexually abusing children, but we need to be aware that this does not happen only in such spaces but inside our own homes as well. It thrives because the child is often unable to fully articulate or communicate what is being done to them. Even when they know or feel that something is wrong, they tend to not voice it, particularly when the perpetrator is someone they trust. This delay in identifying abuse also lends itself to aiding the abuse to continue for extended periods of time, even years. Another reason is the lack of awareness on the part of parents or guardians who miss the signs of abuse or take the expressions of the child as silly when they try to say that they don’t feel safe or comfortable with certain people. Indian cultural standards that often attribute respect to elders and never dare to question them becomes an ally to such practices since parents are more likely to scold than listen to their children when they say that someone in their own family makes them uncomfortable. Listening to the child and not invalidating what they are saying can greatly aid in identifying instances of abuse faster. Increased anxiety, health disorders, physical signs of abuse, or use of force are all pointers to the fact that something may be wrong. Being a watchful adult and being a friend to the child will often allow them to open up to us.

The National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) recorded that in 2018, at least 109 children were victims of sexual abuse every day in 2018. One has to keep in mind that this statistic is solely based on cases that were reported. The number of cases increases every year and particularly now with a pandemic and everyone being forced to be shut inside their own homes, the cases have severely spiked. The urgency of the issue has to be understood and addressed not just by the law but the common citizen since she is the one who is most likely to be able to identify, intervene and stop it in the least amount of time.

For help: CHILDLINE – Call 1098 (Ministry of Women and Child Development)

Law: A Noble Profession

LAW

Laws are rules that bind all people living in a community. Laws protect our general safety, and ensure our rights as citizens against abuses by other people, by organizations, and by the government itself. We have laws to help provide for our general safety. These exist at the local, state and national levels, and include things like:

Laws about food safety. At the state and local level, health departments have guidelines that restaurants follow for how to store and prepare food in a healthy manner, so that diners won’t get sick. At the national level, the Department of Agriculture and other federal agencies inspect food production plants to be sure that the food that shows up in your supermarket is safe to eat.
Speed limits and traffic laws exist so that we drive in a safe manner.
Licensing for doctors and nurses ensures proper training of the people who look after us, and who often have our lives in their hands.

We also have laws that protect our rights as citizens, and which include things like:

Laws that come from the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution, that guarantee our basic freedoms like freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
Laws that protect us from discrimination because of our race, gender, age, or because of a disability.

There are few professions which are considered noble among people. Their principal objective of folks practicing these professions is serving the society with utmost sincerity and integrity, not just to rake in moolah. Doctors, Lawyers and Teachers are such professionals who are deeply respected and enjoy a sterling stature among people as they are seen as the one who are contributing substantially towards the society. Of late, Law has become one of the most lucrative professions. The top-notch and astute lawyers earn pots of money when they represent big corporate houses and rich businessmen in courts. Then there is an array of Law firms which pay a bomb to their employees. That is why so many youngsters are opting to become lawyers these days.

Earning money by dint of hard work and tactical acumen isn’t bad but lawyers, especially the young ones, must bear in mind that monetary benefits must not be the sole driving force. As mentioned above, Law is a noble profession. There are times when ordinary people cannot afford the exorbitant fee of lawyers, so that is when lawyers must step up and no let the financial inadequacy of such people rob them of the justice. The democracy of the nation and the reputation of the Judiciary enhance manifold when even the people of limited or no means are able to get justice. Layers have an important role to play in coming to rescue to such people and helping & guiding them with felicity. The Indian Constitution lucidly states that no person should be denied the justice because of lack of money. Every person, irrespective of their caste, religion, education and financial status is entitled to get justice in the court of Law. This spirit of Constitution can only be safeguarded when lawyers of formidable standing and erudition come forward and lend their support to this cause. India is a diverse country where the wealth is not equally distributed. A lot of people from rural areas or from small towns are not even aware of their fundamental rights and legal solutions.

The law is important because it acts as a guideline as to what is accepted in society. Without it there would be conflicts between social groups and communities. It is pivotal that we follow them. The law allows for easy adoption to changes that occur in the society.

Society is a ‘web-relationship’ and social change obviously means a change in the system of social relationship where a social relationship is understood in terms of social processes and social interactions and social organizations. Thus, the term, ‘social change’ is used to indicate desirable variations in social institution, social processes and social organization. It includes alterations in the structure and functions of the society. Closer analysis of the role of law vis-à-vis social change leads us to distinguish between the direct and the indirect aspects of the role of law.

1. Law plays an important indirect role in regard to social change by shaping a direct impact on society. For example: A law setting up a compulsory educational system.

2. On the other hand, law interacts in many cases indirectly with basic social institutions in a manner constituting a direct relationship between law and social change. For example, a law designed to prohibit polygamy.

Law plays an agent of modernization and social change. It is also an indicator of the nature of societal complexity and its attendant problems of integration. Further, the reinforcement of our belief in the age-old panchayat system, the abolition of the abhorable practices of untouchability, child marriage, sati, dowry etc are typical illustrations of social change being brought about in the country trough laws.

Law certainly has acted as a catalyst in the process of social transformation of people wherein the dilution of caste inequalities, protective measures for the weak and vulnerable sections, providing for the dignified existence of those living under unwholesome conditions etc. are the illustrious examples in this regard. Social change involves an alteration of society; its economic structure, values and beliefs, and its economic, political and social dimensions also undergo modification. However, social change does not affect all aspects of society in the same manner.

CONCLUSION

It can be implied by common sense that law helps us to survive as a society and it is convenient. Convenient is comfortable and humans look for comfort above all things apart from happiness. Also law helps in getting rid of the social barriers that exist in our society. Through law we survive yet thrive. Hence law is necessary in a society.

Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behaviour, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people.

If the harm is criminalized in legislation, criminal law offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator. Constitutional law provides a framework for the creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives.

Administrative law is used to review the decisions of government agencies, while international law governs affairs between sovereign states in activities ranging from trade to environmental regulation or military action. The legal response to a given social or technological problem is therefore in itself a major social action which may aggravate a given problem or alleviate and help to solve it.

DEMOCRACY

WHAT DOES IT MEAN BY DEMOCRACY: A form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.

TYPES OF DEMOCRACY:
Generally there are two types of democracy: direct and representative.

In a direct democracy, the people directly deliberate and decide on legislature.
In a representative democracy, the people elect representatives to deliberate and decide on legislature, such as in parliamentary or presidential democracy.

KEY ELEMENTS OF DEMOCRACY:
According to American political scientist Larry Diamond, democracy consists of four key elements:

• A political system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections.
• The active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic life.
• Protection of the human rights of all citizens.
• A rule of law, in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT :

• Citizen Rule– citizens have the power to decide who will be the decision makers that run the government.
• Majority Rule and Minority Rights- as we know that there are minority and majority in a country so in democratic country there is some rules for majority and some rights for minority.
• Individual Rights- apart from the minority rights ,in democratic country there are human rights also exists.
• Free and Fair Elections- there is free and fair elections held in democratic country to choose the government.
• Citizen Participation- in election every citizen who is eligible to vote cast the vote for choosing a government for the country.
• Cooperation and Compromise- there is always a cooperation and some compromise in a democratic country. Because if there will be no cooperation and compromise then there conflicts will rise..

Substance Abuse:The new “COOL”

Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. Psychoactive substance use can lead to dependence syndrome – a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that develop after repeated substance use and that typically include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling its use, persisting in its use despite harmful consequences, a higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations, increased tolerance, and sometimes a physical withdrawal state.

Difference between substance abuse and addiction

Substance abuse differs from addiction. Many people with substance abuse problems are able to quit or can change their unhealthy behavior. Addiction, on the other hand, is a disease. It means you can’t stop using even when your condition causes you harm.

Addiction doesn’t start overnight. It takes time to build up a tolerance to the drug of choice, to develop cravings for the drug, and to experience problems due to use of illicit substances. Drug abuse often starts first. Though at its worst it can look like addiction, there is one key characteristic that makes drug dependence different.

The first sign is the inability to stop using drugs and alcohol. Someone who struggles with drug abuse may experience a number of problems that plague those with addiction but he may be able to stop using all drugs of abuse without a problem for long periods of time. An addict is unable to stay away from his drug of choice and/or other substances despite a keen desire to quit using.

INSIGHT ON THE SUBSTANCES/DRUGS ABUSED

Alcohol

Alcohol affects everyone differently. But if you drink too often, your chances of an injury or accident goes up. Heavy drinking also can cause liver and other health problems or lead to a more serious alcohol disorder.

Heroin

This illegal drug is the natural version of manmade prescription opioid narcotics. Heroin gives you a rush of good feelings at first. But when it wears off, everything slows down.

Cocaine

This drug speeds up your whole body. When you use cocaine, you may talk, move, or think very fast. You may feel happy and full of energy. But your mood may then shift to anger.

Marijuana

A growing number of states have legalized medical uses of marijuana. A handful of states also allow recreational pot. But in most states, it’s still illegal. Marijuana can make you feel silly and laugh for no reason. Or you may feel sleepy and forget things that just happened.

Signals that you may have a problem with substance abuse include if you:

Lack interest in things you used to love
Change your friends a lot
Stop taking care of yourself
Spend more time alone than you used to
Eat more or less than normal
Sleep at odd hours
Have problems at work or with family
Switch quickly from feeling good and bad

In conversation with a marijuana consumer:

1. When did u smoke marijuana for the first time? Or how long have u been smoking?

A-The first time I smoked it was nearing the end of 11th grade. I’ve been smoking since 3 years now (only marijuana) I’ve never touched cigarettes.

2 .Do u think the usage of marijuana is risky?

A- The only “risk” is that you go home and your parents find out*laughs*. Smoking anything is not healthy of course. People with asthma usually try a different method of consuming marijuana preferably edibles. Although I have known people who have asthma but still smoke.

3. When you use the term high, what do u mean, what effects do u feel in your body?

A-In the earlier days when the substance is new to the body, the high is typically stronger You feel the urge to smile and laugh and you feel relaxed. Paranoia is common when you’re not in a safe place or a place you are new to. When the body gets used to it, the high mellows down to just feeling relaxed and happy.

4. Did you experience any health risks, allergies, etc after its consumption?

A- People usually cough a lot when they’re new to it that’s because they’re not used to the taste and the smoke. But other than that I’ve never noticed anything. Paranoia and anxiety on the other hand increases if you’re in this state of mind.

5. What made u want to use the drug in the first place?

A-Ever since my 9th grade I made a pact with myself that I’ll try it after 10^th. I always wanted to feel what it’s like and now it’s like a super power I possess that helps me solve everyday problems easily. It’s that “paranoia” which helps in problem solving while you’re high.

6 . Do u regret using it or not?

A- I would regret not doing it. Everyone should try it atleast twice or thrice because most people don’t do it right or don’t feel the “high” in the first time and they give up thinking it’s not what they thought it would be.

7. Marijuana is not yet legalized in most parts of the country, what are your views on the use of this drug?

A-In a country where marijuana grows naturally, it is impossible to stop the consumption and legal or not most of the teenagers are doing it. It’s become a “trend” now. I know people who used to smoke in cigarettes because rolling papers weren’t available in India. All this is very new and still has to grow. I believe the cannabis market in India has a bright future because the number of users are increasing and the market is huge, if legalized the government can make a huge profit while also increasing the quality of the stash.

Human Resource Management

“Human Resource isn’t a thing we do. It’s the thing that runs our business.”
– Steve Wynn

The above quote is very true. Organisation are social system, which are composed of role, interaction and relationship among its employees who are occupying various positions in the organisation. Success of the organisation and achievements of its goals are the two important things which is necessary for an organisation and this depends on the nature and pattern of cooperation among individuals or it depends on our human resource. As we know human resource is an asset for the organisation and if they are productive and efficient enough we will be able to achieve our goals. Human Resource is not only unique and valuable but it is also an organisation’s most important resource. It seems logical that an organisation would spend a great deal of effort to acquire and make optimum utilisation of such resources. This effort is known as Human Resource Management. Human Resource Management may be defined as a process of recruiting, selecting, inducting the employee, providing orientation, providing training and development, appraising the performance, deciding compensation, motivating employee and maintaining proper relation with the employees. In simple terms, human resource management may be defined as the art of procurement, development, motivation and maintenance of competent workforce in order to achieve organisational goals and targets. It is the process of bringing people and organisation together to achieve the goals of both the parties. Human Resource Management is pervasive in nature as it is present in all organisation whether it is government, non-government, educational, religious, etc. Human Resource Management is primarily concerned with the management of people within the organisation focusing on policies and system. Human Resource Management is an action-oriented process. It mainly focuses on action rather than on record keeping. It tries to find out the problem that employees face at work and are solved through rational policies. HRM is all about people at work and so it is also known as people – oriented activity. The main intention of HRM is to develop the full potential of employees as it is development-oriented. Managing human resource is a challenging job as the nature of the people is very dynamic and complex and taking them altogether and make them work is not an easy task. As people have sentiments and emotions so they cannot be treated as machines. It is therefore necessary to manage and handle people with some tactics. Human Resource Management is not a one shot deal rather it is a continuous function. It cannot be practiced only one hour each day or one day a week rather it requires constant alertness and awareness of human relation. And therefore it is an ongoing process. The scope of HRM is very vast. All major activities in the working life of a worker from the time he or she enters the organisation until he or she leaves, comes under the purview of HRM. This mainly includes procurement, training and development, job analysis and job description, remuneration and rewards, personnel records, welfare and industrial relations. The objective is the thing which is very necessary. So the objectives of HRM are:-

Helps in Achieving Goals – One of the most important objective of human resource department is to help in achieving the goals of the organisation. And if it does not meet this purpose, HR department or any other department is going to suffer because of this.
Assistance to Employees in Achieving Personal Goals – HRM aims to assist employees in achieving their personal goals as if these goals are achieved it will enhance the individual’s contribution towards the achievement of organisational goals. If an employee’s personal goal is achieved he will be more motivated and productive and will do his work more enthusiastically.
To Provide Well-Trained and Well-Motivated Employees – HRM helps in providing well-trained and Well-Motivated employees as they will exert their maximum effort for the organisation.
To Provide Respectful Environment – HRM helps in providing respectful environment to each and every employee. As inappropriate behaviour may result in organisational crises. Hence, all of them should get proper respect at work.

So lastly, Human Resource Department is very necessary in each and every organisation as they are the one who manages the most important resource of the organisation and that is employees.

Right to Information

In a democratic government of the people, by the people and for the
people, the foundation of a healthy democracy lies in well-informed citizens . Enlightened and informed citizens definitely enhance the democratic values of a country. The right to information in a democratic set up is recognized all over the world and it is a natural right flowing from the very concept of democracy. No democratic government can survive without accountability and the basic postulate of accountability is that the people should have information about the functioning of their Government.
Now that India has a law for RTI, it can be made more beneficial by its effective implementation leading to improved public administration for the betterment of the people.

Right To Information is derived from our fundamental right of freedom of speech and expression under Article 19 of the Constitution. If we do not have information on how our Government and Public Institutions function, we cannot express any informed opinion on it. Democracy revolves around the basic idea of Citizens being at the center of governance. And the freedom of the press is an essential element for a democracy to function. It is thus obvious that the main reason for a free press is to ensure that Citizens are informed. Thus it clearly flows from this, that the Citizens Right To Know is highly important.

The Act primarily envisages setting out a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority.
Right to Information means the right to information accessible under this Act which is held by or under the control of any public authority and includes the right to: –
1) Inspection of work, documents, records.
2) Taking notes, extracts, or certified copies of documents or records.
3) Taking certified samples of material.
4) Obtaining information in the form of diskettes, floppies, tapes, video cassettes or in any other electronic mode or through printouts where such information is shared in a computer or in any other device.

Objective of the Act

1) To promote transparency and functioning of the government. accountability in the functioning of the government.

2) Right to information makes administration more accountable to people.

3) It reduces the gap between administration and people. Right Information makes people aware of administrative decision-making.

4) It facilitates better delivery of goods and services to people by civil servants. It facilitates intelligent and constructive criticism of administration.

Steps to Apply

Write a simple application along with the prescribed fees addressing Public Information Officer (PIO) of the related department from which you want to get any information.
Fee
For Central Departments, there is a fee of Rs 10 for filing the request, Rs 2 per page of information and Rs 5 for each hour of inspection after the first hour. However, if the applicant is a Below Poverty Card holder, then he/she need not pay any fee at all. Time Limit
The law also contains a provision for timely imparting of information. The concerned public officials face a penalty in case the information is not given in time. The time limit is reasonable and does not jeo-pardise a person’s rights. Time limits are set in order of urgency and accessibility. Information regarding a person’s life and liberty is made available forthwith or within the shortest possible time, say within 48 hours.

Penalties
Sec.20 (1) provides power the State Information Commission to impose a penalty of Rs.250/- per day till application is received OR information is furnished, so however, the total amount of such penalty shall not exceed Rs.25000/- Provided that the State Information Officer, as the case may be, shall be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard before any penalty is imposed. As per Sec.20 (2) the State Public Information Committee shall recommend for disciplinary action against the State Public Information Officer, as the case may be under the Service Rules applicable to him.

Ground for Denial of Application
As per Sec.24 of the Act, intelligence and Security Organizations established by the Central Government and Listed in of the Act, shall not apply:- Information pertaining to allegations of Corruption is not excluded. Information pertaining to Human Rights Violation can be given after approval of Central Information Commission time allowed,45 days.

RTI Amendment 2019

The amended bill does away with the fixed tenure of five years for the Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) and the Information Commissioners (IC) — instead, they will serve for a tenure determined by the Central government. Moreover, the salary of the CIC and the ICs which are currently benchmarked with the salary of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and the Election Commissioners respectively, which in turn are benchmarked with the salary of a Supreme Court judge, amount to Rs 2.50 lakh, along with a monthly allowance of Rs 34,000 per month — plus the usual perks like rent free furnished accommodation and 200 litres of fuel every month. The amended bill gives the government to fix the salary, which could be lower — given that the Information Commission is a statutory body unlike the EC which is a constitutional body. However, the current incumbents’ salaries will not be affected by the amendment.

Right to Information (RTI) as a tool for promoting participatory development, strengthening democratic governance and facilitating effective delivery of socio-economic services. In the knowledge society, in which we live today, acquisition of information and new knowledge and its application have intense and pervasive impact on processes of taking informed decisions. Right to Information Act 2005, is termed as the best tool for bringing Good governance in the society. This right has been recognized in many International instruments and is seen not just a facet of the right to freedom of speech and expression but also as a right that is necessary for the exercise of civil and political rights and socio-economic and cultural rights.

Thanks

A bore day in Pandemic

The world is facing a pandemic situation where we have to maintain social distance, wear mask use sanitizer. Prior to this Covid-19 we all have one thought somewhere in mind in which the workaholic would think ‘I wish my company start work from home twice a week’, the student would think ‘I wish teacher could come home and take attendance’. Now, when this things are reality we curse it too.

A new day is not the same day which was yesterday. We usually talk about our bright days or good days you can define the day a good day as per your opinions.

Nowdays, mostly all of us is at home partially with no works ( partially because we all have some household work to do) so yeah pat on our own back for doing that and add these things in our daily routine.

A normal day is getting up early in the morning it gets better when we sleep more half an hour without mom’s interference by switching off the fan. Then eating something before brush. Yeah! that’s also a new normal. Taking bath on alternate days. Reading books which was on our list but we could not complete it or binge watch of web series on Netflix in between munching and roam around the house. Taking brunch. Chit-chatting, video calls makes our normal day a better one. The add-ons are educational webinars, workshops, training programmes etc. Then the dinner and this ended up the day.

All day are not same. A day which is normal but it’s not a normal day in our own minds. Someday we feel we should remain silent we enjoy our own company or its just we debate with our own self in our own respective mind. A day where we juggle with our life decisions we took earlier. There comes a stage where we feel its all fallen apart. Life is not going in the same way we planned in our own minds. It’s just a mixture of feelings all together. Sometimes we play a song on loop in which only the lyrics are heard in our ears not the music. Where we start making our own hypothetical situation and make our self the actor/actress, director, story writer, editor all in one. In that situation we lead to many emotions all together we feel happy, we feel like crying our heart out, we come to our own conclusions or maybe we can say climax of our own movie. In this pandemic situation we come across many such dilemmas where we questioned our own existence on the planet earth. Whereas, on other hand we got to know many such little secrets of our parents which they were hiding it for years if not secrets we all have had heard childhood stories of our parents in these pandemic days.

We had come across such days prior to this pandemic but we didn’t think this hard how we are doing it now. As in past days we were surrounded by many things not only human beings but also non-living things. So we don’t let our mind to think more about things which are not existing they pop-up in our mind but somewhere down the line we do not let them indulge our mind and the surrounding help us in that. In my views we can still control our own minds if they went on a wrong path for a day. We can make them calm by involving ourselves in the areas which we have our interest in like our hobby. We can also start a conversation with our family members never forget we have their back. We can also call our best friends or people who are close with us. We are together in this Pandemic situation we should listen, support and help each other.

Why Support Small Businesses?

Small businesses are part of every community and very often closely connected to its people and history. Unlike larger corporations, small businesses are usually local, privately owned, and employ a lesser number of workers. They also have lesser incomes since their scope of market is usually much smaller than the large-scale companies and industrial outlets. However, they are intrinsic to the development and growth of a locality and its economy. It creates sources of income, expansion of trade, and employment opportunities. Cottage industries and small-scale home businesses have been very important to the growth of India’s economy for decades. However, with the advent of multi-national corporations, neoliberal policies and privatization of many industries, small businesses have seen a decline in income in recent years. Yet they are still an important part of our economy and our everyday life.

crop ethnic mother serving little girl glass of refreshing drink — Photo by Ketut Subiyanto on Pexels.com

With the internet revolution which has so transformed our life in the 21^st century, we rely much on online stores for our daily necessities. We also go to supermarkets with national or international chains to buy our daily products, usually looking at their discounted rates and environment. However, we also need to know that these discounts are only given to us because that cost is extracted from us in other ways, or from their working force who are often forced to work long hours with minimal wages. Now with the novel coronavirus pandemic ravaging the world, we are facing a global economic crisis and a steep increase in unemployment rates. Many multi-national companies are laying off their staff and cutting salaries. This means that many who previously went out to buy their groceries now do it online. This has greatly jeopardized the future of small business in a way that has never happened before.

Supporting small businesses is something that all of us should be engaged in since they support entire families and communities. The various agents who come in between the worker and their salary in larger corporations are usually absent in small business. This means that the worker gains more for his hard work and is more amply rewarded than in corporations that exploit them. Supporting small business help them sustain themselves and the people behind it. Since it is difficult to stay in business with an influx of other larger chains, small businesses are focused on providing authentic and good products to their customers. This is also the reason why many customers remain faithful to these small stores, since they have understood its value and the work behind it. They also employ many creative ways to stay in business and retain customers.

Small businesses differ starkly in their environments from other larger businesses by creating a space of warmth and familiarity. The detachedness of the sterile supermarket white lights and the mechanical ways of engagement are often directly in opposition to the warm glow and friendly chatter that fills small spaces. They are often a meeting point for the people of that locality and their interactions. The owners are often also able to do favours for the customers or offer discounts on the bill which doesn’t commonly happen anywhere else. Local businesses become part of the story of that locality as they themselves are handed down between generations, and are able to give back to the community much better than others. They are not controlled by an algorithm created to maximize profit or a nameless person behind a computer somewhere far away. They are run by people and families we develop bonds with, leaving a human touch in their exchanges. It enriches the life of the individual and their society, becoming a saving grace in a consumeristic culture where profit is made at the expense of humans.

World Cousin’s Day

On 24th July every year we celebrate National Cousins Day. Cousins are the relatives having common forefathers. This is the day to mark the irreplaceable bond between the cousins of a Family. A bond which defines the sweet and salty relationship between the Cousins. Right after birth, a child gets to know about his Family, here he grows up slowly and steadily. Family is the foremost belongingness of a child. He gets his emotion and basic moral values from his parents. He gets to understand how to deal with the surroundings around us. Now, the awareness of friendship is served by the cousins. Friendship is the core element which joins the cousins together. Cousins are our first friend. Having such a friend as a family member is a blessing from God. When a child takes the first step towards growing up, he celebrates his birthday after inviting all his cousins and blows the candles. He starts enjoying and that sense of association helps him to prosper. As because concept of Joint family is rare nowadays, the cousins come from abroad or from another state to join the festivities. Also, during the get together, they spend the best family time together. Sharing foods, toys, clothes becomes an integral part of this special bond. This also strengthens the relation between the cousins and links them together. Sometimes, the elder ones tend to irritate the younger ones more and they become oppose of each other. All these are the humorous parts of childhood. The elder ones not only annoys them but also helps them in best possible ways. A cousin is your friend, philosopher and guide. Often the elder ones, helps and guides the younger ones in the in their home works. Cousins gets scolding from their mother together. There is no bond on earth as selfless and innocent as the love for your cousins. As the child blooms, it becomes the responsibility of the cousins to guide him in the best ways possible. Elders performs this duty to make him understand the reality of outer world and show him the right path. It is so nice to have someone so close to you. Many a times, our friends betray us, leaves us, abuses us but along with your cousin you stand strong. He will stay with you forever. Your cousins won’t be expecting anything from you. No family gatherings are special without the presence of your cousins. They make the family complete. We all have that one WhatsApp group where we share all the memes and crack jokes along with our cousins. Cousins will realize if you are in any kind of trouble and will make sure you don’t suffer all alone. Cousins are the best replacement of siblings. Things can go somewhat wrong with siblings but it never gets wrong with the cousins. The age of Cousins do not vary much, just a few years of difference. You can talk to them the hole night, watch a movie together. It won’t ever get boring. The best part is our cousins knows all the family secrets as much as we do. During holidays the cousins coming down to visit you home is constant for all the ages and this routine won’t ever change. Getting excited about when they are coming with how many gifts during summer or winter breaks is the funniest thing.

A the child tends to become a teenager, he faces a lot of difficulties in sharing the problems with parents, hence cousins then becomes more easy going. Cousins knows you the best and provides you a lot of inspirations within no time. Cousins influences to become better also punishes you for wrong doings. They listen to you without judgements, share their own experiences, and motivates you all the time. Your misdeed reminds the of all their mistakes and makes sure you don’t repeat them. You can always trust them no matter what, they won’t harm you in any ways. They can pass your thoughts to the parents so you don’t feel embarrassed. All needs to work nowadays hence gets a very less time to unite, hence arranging family gatherings more often will help you to get social and feel nostalgic once again. Never hurt your cousins or fight with them, they are your personal rare attachments, never lose them. Hence, Lets do something special this day, make sure to call your cousins or drop a message, just remind them they are important and mean a lot to you. Show them you are grateful for all their love and support throughout. Also, love the children of your cousins as much as you can, they are dearest to you.

VOLENTI NON FIT INJURIA

The maxim “Volenti non fit injuria” means “that to which a man consents, cannot be complained of as an injury”. It means that no act is actionable as a tort at the suit of any person who has expressly or impliedly assented to it. A person who makes an agreement with another, either expressly or by implication, to run the risk of injury caused by that other, will not be permitted to complain and claim damages for any of the risks that he had to undergo.

The maxim has a two fold application:-

It applies to intentional acts which would otherwise be tortious and refers to consent to an entry on land or goods, which would otherwise be trespass. It also includes consent to physical harm which would be assault as in the case of a boxing match or a surgical operation [R v. Donovan; (1934) 2 KB 498], or consent to the publication of a defamatory statement which would otherwise be actionable [Chapman v. Lord Ellesmere, (1939) 2 KB 431].
It applies to consent to run the risks of accidental harm which would otherwise be actionable.

Thus spectators at sports meeting take upon themselves the risk of the perils thereat whether reasonably to be expected or improbable. In Hall v. Brooklands Auto Racing Club, (1933) 1 KB 205, where the plaintiff was a spectator at a car race and the defendant was owner of the truck, during the race two cars collided and one of them was thrown among the spectators as a result of which, the plaintiff got hurt. It was held that the plaintiff impliedly took the risk. The danger was inherent in the sport which any spectator could foresee. the defendants were held not liable.

For the defence of volenti non fit injuria to be invoked, the act causing the harm should not have gone beyond the limit of what had been consented to. The defence for volenti non fit injuria was successfully pleaded in the following cases:-

Padmavati v. Duggaraika, where two strangers took lift in the jeep being taken by the driver to the petrol pump. On its way, the axle of the jeep gave away and the two strangers sustained injuries. One of them latter succumbed to the injuries. The court held that neither driver nor the master could be held liable because it was a case of pure accident and the two strangers had got into the jeep voluntarily.
Wooldridge v. Sumner, where the plaintiff was a photographer and was taking photographs of a horse show standing at the boundary of the arena, the defendant was the owner of a horse participating in the show. The defendant’s horse rounded the bend too fast and galloped furiously. Plaintiff was frightened and fell into the horse’s course and was seriously injured. The court held that the defendants were not liable, since they had taken due care. The spectators of such events take the risk of such damage even though there may have been an error of judgment or lapse of skill. The duty of the defendant is that of due care and not of skill.

For the defence to be invoked, it is a must to establish that the plaintiff’s consent to take the risk was free and fair. If the consent is obtained by fraud or coercion the defence is not available. Also, the act done by the defendant must be the same for which the plaintiff had given his consent. Persons who are not capable of giving consent, i.e. the insane, the minor etc., their parents or guardians can give the consent.

Was The Line Really Crossed: The Tale of the Infamous Test Series

-SHUBHANKAR

Was the punishment really justified? Well, I suppose it was a bit too harsh and involving politics into it became a matter of great concern, highlighting the need for the International Cricket Council (ICC) to have a relook on the rules laid out by them. When the ICC announced the punishments to be imposed on Steve Smith and Camron Bancroft, they were only fines on the match fees of both players and a 1 match ban for Steve Smith. Well, this punishment by ICC didn’t went well with Cricket Australia and Australian public who wanted a more severe ban on the players involved in this misconduct or the prime word could be “Cheating”.

Hasn’t ball tampering been done before by players? Yes, it has been. Yes, not to the extent to which Australia went in that game against South Africa. Camron Bancroft was guilty of using a sandpaper for tampering with the ball. Before we have seen players using sugar or even their nails, but never using a sandpaper, that too with so many cameras focusing on you and with all these latest cameras and with the game evolving so much that nothing can be hided on a cricket field anymore. But the punishment I feel wasn’t justified on the 3 players. Who said that the leadership group only contained David Warner along with Steve Smith, the Captain. Weren’t the senior bowlers like Starc or Nathan Lyon involved. Don’t tell me that the ball is being tampered with or maybe the planning has been done to tamper with the ball without your main bowlers knowing anything of it. It was clearly stated by Steve Smith in his press conference that the leadership group had discussed about this at Tea time in Cape Town test. And knowing the size of the Cape Town dressing room being very small, how come when Steve Smith, David Warner and Camron Bancroft were chatting about tampering the ball, no one knew about it. These are the details which weren’t told out in public and the major players of the team were held accountable, not all those who were involved. Was Steve Smith or David Warner going to ball or even for say Camron Bancroft? No, the bowlers had to ball, so why didn’t they know of this plan. Isn’t Starc so senior a bowler to be part of the leadership group, so why wasn’t he handed over the punishment or why didn’t he come out and justified that Yes, I knew about what was going on. Even if he had told no to what the plan was and was against it, but he knew that something of that sort was about to happen. So, why didn’t he come out in open, in front of the media and let them know of what all transpired in the dressing room that day.

My only question is why was time not taken to investigate the whole matter, rather than just sacking the three from not only their positions, but from the team as well. Why was the prime minister of the country involved? Yes, I know it is a matter of pride, cricket being such a hugely popular sport in Australia, but making a decision so quickly without any investigation and on the basis of political pressure, that’s cruel in my opinion. Why I say cruel is aftermath of the sandpaper gate, what the whole controversy was popularly known as. Before the 4^th test match started, Darren Lehman, the then coach of the Australian team called a press conference stating that he will coach the Australian team for the one last time, that being the 4^th test. The decision was taken because his family were receiving threats after the 3^rd test, and he choose his family first and resigned from the coaching position. But who the hell gave permission to threaten someone’s family. Mistakes do happen, we all are humans, but to go to that extent isn’t fair at all.

Well, giving the backdrop of what happened before the whole sandpaper gate controversy, you would get a sense that this was coming. So, this was another highly anticipated test series between Australia and South Africa. Australian team had dominated the South African’s in their own backyard for quite a while now. But this series was going to be another thriller between these top two teams with brilliant or should I say one of the best pace attacks in world cricket at that moment. Australia came to South Africa on the back of the Ashes series win, with full confidence. South Africa had also beaten the world number one test team at that moment in South Africa itself, the Indian cricket team. So, South Africa were also full of confidence going into the series against Australia. The 1^st test between the two sides saw an ugly banter emerge between the Australian’s and the young South African batsman Aiden Markram. The young batsman was targeted and was bantered all over by the Aussies, to the extent that few of the commentators had to switch of their stump mics because it was so ugly a banter. But the things didn’t stop here, it was just the start or we could say just the spark before the actual fire started. The 1^st test saw Nathan Lyon, the Australian offie, after running out AB Devilliers throwing the ball upon the batsman, with ICC getting involved and punishing Lyon with a certain amount of match fee deduction terming the action by Nathan Lyon out of the spirit of the game. The banter had gone too far that test match, but it wasn’t over yet. An off field incident between Australian Vice captain David Warner and South African wicketkeeper Quinton De Kock had taken the limelight away from the test match which was still going on. At tea time, de Kock and Warner were indulged in a war of words when players were going back into the dressing room, with the Australian Vice Captain being taken away by his teammates before the things heated up. The 2^nd test saw South African pace bowler Kagiso Rabada being banned for the next two tests of the series for having a contact with the Australian captain after taking his wicket and in celebrating the wicket touched the Australian captain. However, Cricket South Africa fought the case, hence over turning the ban on Rabada. So, this was the whole situation before the 3^rd and the most infamous test match in Australian cricketing history.

Well, I feel the line was crossed but not to an extent to ban the three cricketers for almost a year. And why only these players, why not the others who I feel according to the circumstantial evidence were definitely involved. However, the bans are over and now all the three are back playing and representing the Australians once again, with all three performing really well. Hope this situation never happens again.

The essence of Teamwork

Many great organizations, and the leaders who run them, have strived to create the “ultimate” team. Attaining complete selflessness or the total commitment to a team effort is often not as easy as it may sound. While it is simple for a leader to say “we need a total team effort to accomplish all we have set out to do,” there can be many barriers that get in the way of achieving a greater sense of “team”.

It starts with leadership dictating a culture of team. This culture is passed on over time. It is consistently practiced, preached, and reinforced with everyone in an organization. It has to start with a mindset that team, not any one individual alone, will accomplish great heights.

Andrew Carnegie says, “Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organisational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results.”

Notice how Carnegie talks about working together for a common vision. The ability for one individual to sacrifice his or her own ambitions for the greater good of the “TEAM,” develops a culture. It then sets a standard that to reach the highest success, everyone in an organization has to work together to achieve the best results. It is knowing in your mind that you alone will not accomplish what a group of talented individuals can do when they work together. That mindset has to start with the organization’s culture.

A widely understood and interesting concept in the management jargon, extended form of the word TEAM, is:

T – Together
E – Everyone
A – Achieves
M – More

The concept of Together Everyone Achieves More itself conveys the importance of teamwork at the workplace and other places. For years now, organizational leaders have recognized the added value that comes from having employees work in formal or informal teams. However, over the last two decades, even greater emphasis has been placed on working together in a team. Team-building and team-work skills are essential in the workplace and highly desirable skills to possess when seeking a new job or promotion. Teams working at their potential generate more productivity and offer better solutions than if all of them work independently.

Teamwork in a company or organization has great importance for more than one reasons. Companies, who have adopted this concept, have reported increased performance in work production. This group project approach has improved employee morale and increased input when managed correctly. The benefits of teamwork can make a positive effect on the company that incorporates this type of teamwork approach. Some Significance of Teamwork are:

A Healthy Competition

While working in teams, professionals compete with each other and try to excel in every way. At the same time, they help and assist each other in work-related as well as personal difficulties and problems. The signs of great productivity and maximum efficiency are achieved only through team-work and mutual work practices.

Mutual Creativity

While working in a team, you will never be alone while coming up with an idea; you will always have some other professionals thinking on the same lines, who might suggest a better idea. Suggestions, advices and mutual brainstorming can help employees in generating novel ideas and bringing out the creativity in their projects.

Job Satisfaction

Team-work can be an important source of job satisfaction and professional fulfillment for employees. The reason behind it is that working in a team improves employee performance as well as makes the work enjoyable for them. This is also favorable for employee motivation and workplace enthusiasm.

Mutual Organizational Interests

When employees work in team, they automatically work for mutual organizational interests; their personal interest is subordinate to the organizational interests. This ensures that all the team members put in the maximum possible efforts, focusing on the same goal, thereby ensuring a high quality and timely output.

Conclusion

The Essence of Teamwork “Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their hard work. For if one of them should fall, the other one can raise his partner up. Effective teamwork in the workplace benefits the organization by increasing the individual productivity, which is important in order to achieve the targets and fulfill commitments. Also, teamwork decreases the non-productive hours, which therefore increases productivity and ensures maximum utilization of manpower. This is the reason why companies are promoting teamwork at workplaces.

For some professionals, it might be a bit difficult to adjust to a group environment, but I am sure, they will gradually start loving to work as a team as they will see themselves developing as productive employees as well as better human beings!

When team members are aware of their own responsibilities and roles, as well as the significance of their output being relied upon by the rest of their team, team members will be driven to share the same vision, values, and goals. The result creates a workplace environment based on fellowship, trust, support, respect, and cooperation.

Without the ability to effectively work in a team environment, you could delay the success of developing, formulating and implementing new and innovative ideas. The ability to problem solve is reduced, as well as the attainment of meeting goals and objectives, in turn, limiting the efficiency and effectiveness of growing a successful company is hindered.

Principles of Natural Justice (PNJ)

The principles of natural justice (PNJ) are set of principles and procedures which are used in adjudication of disputes between two parties, adjudication should happen in an unbiased way, and opportunity to be heard should be given by blithe parties, and bothe should have equal access to the tribunal. There is no specific definition of natural justice, it is a combination of a few principles which is used in the filed of law as common practices. These principles are universally valid, and are usually followed by all. The term natural justice has been derived form the roman term “Jus Natural”, and they are considered to be a part of common law. Ironically they have not been codified, it is assumed that they have to be followed in any situation. The principles state that proper procedure have to be used in the process of decision making, no matter what the decision is, but the procedure should be conductor in an effective and efficient way. There are three principles of natural justice:

1. The Doctrine of Bias: Nemo Judex In Causa Sua is a latin phrase which means “No one should be a judge in his own case” as that leads to a biased decision. The person who has the authority to give the decision in a case, which is usually the judge should be unbiased and impartial, the judgment has to be taken on the basis of arguments and evidence and nothing else. The probability of a bias existing is enough to prevet a judge from sitting in the judgement taking place. There are three kinds a bias which cane take place and they have been discussed as follows:

Pecuniary Bias: When the judge has pecuniary or financial interest or economic interest in the subject matter of the case, the person can no longer be considered a judge. If such a bias is discovered in the process of litigation he/she can be disqualified a s a judge making them unfit as a judge.
Personal Bias: Such a bias takes place when there is some sort of relationship existing between the party in litigation and the judge, the relationship can be in th form of friendship, family relations, professional, and enmity. The above stated reasons may take the form of a biased decision, but such a bias is highly unnoticed by the judge, as it takes place involuntarily just with the emotions. However if it is proved strict actions will be taken against the judge.
Official Bias/ Bias as to the subject matter: If the judge has interest in the subject matter of the case, and if judgement is given in a particular manner may favour the judge professionally or personally of considered as an official bias. To disqualify the judge on this ground it has to proves that there is some direct connection between the judge and issues in the dispute.

2. Doctrine of Fair Hearing: Audi Alteram Partem means “to hear the other side”. This second principle pf natural justice means that everyone has to be given the opportunity to be heard. Action cannot be taken against the person if he was unheard. The process of litigation shall happen through fair hearing by both both the parties, they should be given a chance to present their arguments and cases, There are two parts to this doctrine:

Notice: A prior notice has to be issued by the deciding authority to party involved against whom action is to be taken. The notice should contain all the necessary information place, times, the nature of hearing, and other material details. After the notice is given the lawsuit will be initiated in a fair manner. The notice should also indicate the evidence upon which the action will be taken . The notice is like the final opportunity the receiver has to resolve the matter without going to the court of law, it is ike the final warning. After the notice has been issued reasonable time has to be given to make representation of the case and evidence in the court.
Fair Hearing: The person against whom the order is passed shall be aware of all the actions that are going to be taken against him in full detail, the right to cross examination and the right to legal representation (right to have lawyer) has to be given to the parties, only if all the above are fulfilled it is considered that the principle of fair hearing has taken place. They are all a part of the right of fair hearing.

3. The third principle of natural justice of “Reasoned Decision”, it states that reasonable reasons have to be recorded and told to the aggrieved party for taking the decision. Only if they seem satisfactory the decision will be considered valid. Giving reason can also be useful for one to appeal in higher courts as it is a requirement for appeal. Cessante Ratione Legis Cessat Ipsa Lex means “Reason is the soul of the law, and when such reason ceases to be there so does the law”, this outlines the necessity and importance of speaking order (order containing the reason behind the judgement) or reasoned decision.

There are several exceptions where the principles of natural justice are not followed , like when it is excluded in statutory provisions, constitutional provisions, are matters of confidentiality, public interest, during emergencies, etc. However it is majorly followed by all. We can come to a conclusion that the principles of natural justices were implemented so that the dignity and human rights of an individual could be protected, against the arbitrary legislative system where there are chances of injustice. It ensures that justice is given to all in a clear and fair manner. Hence, they play an important role in the field of law.

Overview of The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985

The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, which is popularly known as the NDPS Act, was implemented to make strict provisions related to controlling the operation of narcotics drugs and psychotropic substances, and other material concerned with them. The main reason behind the act to be legislated was that The opium Act 1852, The opium Act 1878 and the Hazardous Drugs Act 1930 were considered to be insufficient to regulate all the activities relating to drugs and psychotropic substances, hence it became necessary to enact a new law which could update the provisions in the previous acts and bring some change to its functioning. The NDPS Act has been amended three times till now, in 1988, 2001 and 2014. This act is applicable to the while of india, and to all of its citizens no matter where they are. Before we go into the details of the act, one should understand the definition of a narcotic drug and a psychotropic substance.

A Narcotic Drug is a substance which is used for numbing your senses, relieve pain , and causes one to sleep. If it is used by medical practitioners in a limited amount its for a good cause, but it become illicit when one uses it without the guidance of a medical practitioner, for obtaining pleasure by changing the levels of consciousness, feeling and emotions. They go into their own world of fantasies, it is usually taken to attain happiness. Narcotic drug means coca leaf, cannabis (hemp), opium, poppy straw and includes all manufactured drugs as defined under the act.
A Psychotropic substances contain many drugs under it which are used to alter the functions of the brain, mood, actions and thoughts. Examples of such substances are alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, marijuana, are usually legal if used by doctors, and the illegal ones are narcotics like heroin, LSD, cocaine, and amphetamines.

Features, Aims and objectives of the act have been discussed as follows:

Narcotic Control Board (NCB) was established under the act to fulfill its objectives, it id headquartered at Delhi. The structure of the Board members has been clearly given in the act. The narcotic commissioner and other officers are appointed bu the central government, and the board is responsible to frame the rules and regulation regarding producing and cultivating opium, measures to be taken to control the drug menace, and illicit drug trafficking, etc.
The act also provides the punishments and penalties to the offences that are committed under the act, and the offences are considered to non bailable, and cognizable, and it aims in increasing the penalties and the level of punishments for such offences.
According to the act, a committee named the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic substances Consultative committee was formed which was an advisory committee which was established by the central government, to provide advices in matters of drug use control, not only this but also a fund separately for the purpose of controlling drug abuse was also formed, it was the National Fund for control of drug abuse.
The act clearly defined various terms like addict, cannabis, coca, and many other such terms. It has been defined in a clear and crisp way leading to no vagueness.
The act aimed to totally prevent drug abuse, it occurs when a person uses a drug more than prescribed not for medical use, but for other uses like to obtain pleasure.
The act has provisions which restrict the cultivation, manufacture and trade of dangerous drugs. It has provisions, where some drugs are totally prohibited to be cultivated, drugs which could be cultivated if controlled and regulated by the central government, and drugs which could be grown under the control and regulation of state government.
The supreme objective of the act is to prevent a person from becoming a drug addict, so that they could live a happy life. This act ensures the welfare of the people.

At a conclusion, we can tell that the act has brought a lot of change in the society, it was considered as a good step taken by the government. However there was some criticism which was associated with act, it was told that it has been poorly legislated as the same penalties was stated for many offences, there was no differentiation made between hard and soft drugs, degree of an offence was not realised, etc. Anyway, in spite of the criticism an impressive change has been brought in the society, efforts have been taken to formulate the correct strategies and policies, and awareness has been brought regarding the cons of drug and its use. This act controlled the drug menace to a large extent throught its strict applications and laws.

LET THEM LIVE TOO…

We know that for our living oxygen is must if there will be no oxygen on earth then we’ll die in few seconds……then why the oxygen giver is not necessary for us?? Yes I am talking about tress.. not about the artificial oxygen cylinder!!!!!

We all know very well that if there is no oxygen then there will be no life. Then why we cut the trees??….now you will say that when we have cut the trees?? So my answer is..

you have cut the trees when you ask a high quality paper notebook.

You have cut the trees when you ask for the softest tissue paper….

you have cut the trees when you ask for wood furniture…. you know what.. that for good furniture they cut the growing tree…

I am not saying that you should not use the paper notebook…if you are using it then please don’t ask for softest paper because you will use that paper only one time and then that will be no use for you but for that paper don’t know how many trees will have to cut down and you know very well that trees doesn’t grow in all over a night they take time…

I am not saying that you should not use tissue paper use it but please don’t ask for softest…because for the softest they cut the growing trees….

i am not saying that you should not use wooden furniture use it but in a limited quantity….our use of limited quantity will save many trees from cutting.. you know what, the data shows that from 2005 to February 2018, a total of 112,169 trees have been cut — an average of 24 per day….

Trees not only cut for the wood, paper, and so on tress also cut for some projects…..

If in a project trees are making disturbance then the question is that don’t we have talented engineers if they are truly engineers then why they don’t make a synergy between the project and the trees? Why they don’t provide a solution in which trees don’t cut and their work also be get done …

Another aspect:

· Trees give us shelter

· Trees give us food, fruit

· Trees combat climate change

· Trees clean the air

· Trees provide oxygen

· Trees cool the temperature of earth

· Trees help to prevent water pollution, soil erosion

and there are so many things which we get from trees. But what we give back to them in return??Nothing…. we just cut them and kill them….and have you ever thought that what we have done for the earth?…for the trees..? some of us may be done something for trees may be they have plant trees it’s good but what about others?…is not this sad that they provide us our lifeline and in return we end their life!!! We all want development but not on a big cost we want development but by not harming the nature if there will be no nature then where will you do development if you will harm the earth your home then if there will be no home of yours then where will you do the development…. where ?? now you will say if they cut the trees for their project legally then they also plant the new trees…but you know what….what is the reality??…they just plant the trees in paper. Not on the ground level…they just show their papers that they have plant the trees but the reality is far away from this…but they don’t think that if there will be no paper provider in future then what they will show LEGALLY….

we can save our planet by planting more trees….if only one person will plant only one tree then think there are 130 crore person how many tress will grow and please if you are planting the trees then please take care of them in their growing age….because everyone focus on planting the trees no one is interested in taking care of them …..if you will not give them water then they will definitely die and remain you all are wise you all understand that what is valuable for us and what is harmful for us…..so please wake up …..

If we can’t plant a tree then please don’t cut the tree if we can’t do good for others then please don’t do bad for them…if they are providing us lives then please let them live too…let them live too…..

#BlackLivesMatter: A Wake-Up Call for India’s Closeted Racism

‘Racism and prejudices are the exhaust fumes of damaged egos.’

As protests erupt in America, over the injustices inflicted on black lives after the institutional murder of George Floyd, we are finally forced to look closer into out own country for similar patterns of systematic and institutional racism that exists in our own country. At a time like this, it’s essential to introspect and heck our privilege in the everyday. When we start looking for their stories, it comes barely as a surprise that their voices are muffled amongst the clamour of noises. This begs the question- ‘Is there racism in India?’ Yes, there’s racism in India, but not just to other races, we are also racist towards our own race. It is almost like we hate ourselves, so much that we’d trade in our hide to be a white without batting an eyelash.

There exists racism on the basis of place a person belongs to which is nothing but an ugly truth of this nation. The hatred is such that people have died in thousands. People from north east are considered as aliens and those who belong to states like Bihar, Jharkhand are considered to be illiterate , mannerless, untouchable in metro cities like Delhi, Mumbai, etc. Just an example, that happens everywhere in this country. Not only metro cities but every state have their own reasons to hate one from other state. There’s racism on the basis of language we use. We are blessed to have hundreds of languages all with their own unique identity and importance and yet we have failed as a nation to give every language its due respect which includes one of the oldest languages of human civilization. There’s also racism on the basis of culture and colour. India is blessed with a rich variety of cultures, yet we leave no stone turned to mock each other’s culture, well, that’s how we show admiration to some of the oldest cultures in the world. And as of racism based on someones skin colour, all that can be said is that it’s extremely disheartening. Lastly, there also exists racism on basis of religion. As unfortunate as it is, this is probably the time when it’s most prominent.

People from Bihar have been subjected to racism from several decades. Everything about them from their looks, language, culture, accent is ridiculed pretty much all over the country. The term ‘Bihari’ itself is being increasingly used as a curse word in the northern parts of the country If there is ever a rape somewhere in India, the convict is automatically assumed to be a Bihari . If someone speaks Bhojpuri, he is assumed to be a ‘gavaar’ (illiterate). But this issue is never shown in the media, neither it is ever taken seriously, because according to some folks in our society these people are meant to be bullied. Whether someone is from Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka or Andhra Pradesh, he is no more than a “Madrasi” to a North Indian. Abusive comments on their skin colour, food habits, culture are quite prevalent among the North Indians.

People are so ignorant about their own culture that they even forget that their is an integral part of India called the “seven sisters” or the “North East”. Recently in an interview, the child actor of the movie “Tubelight”, who hailed from Arunachal Pradesh was asked by a reporter, “How do you feel after coming to India for the first time ?”.

It’s worth mentioning that with the outbreak of the pandemic, the situation of racism became more vivid and more clear as the people of North-eastern region were told to vacate their apartments or other accommodations. Some were beaten up, some were prevented to enter the grocery stores to buy their basic necessities and some were even abused on grounds of internalised racist assumptions around the virus. Well, they can’t really change how they look, can they? Can anybody suggest a ‘guru’ who can teach them what ‘Indian-ness‘ means without having to lose their identity?

To top it all off, there’s the whole conundrum of white skin versus dark skin, with underlying tones of colourism and casual racism. Being a dark-skinned Indian woman is significantly harder. The sexism endemic in Indian society is such that the beauty standards for women are stricter and less fluid compared to men. You do occasionally find the odd dark-skinned south Indian hero, but they are largely relegated to the roles of comedians or villains; dark-skinned Indian women are lucky to be cast as extras or auxiliary dancers. It is even more prominent during matchmaking. In Indian culture, aesthetics and beauty are said to be the jurisdiction of women, whereas work and wages tend to define men-or as the adage goes “udyōgam puruśa lakśańam”. My mother remembers when she had to stand up for one of my aunts during matchmaking negotiations when the groom’s parents demanded more dowry to compensate for my aunt’s dark skin. Even today when brides are in demand from decades of a skewed sex ratio, dark-skinned women fare poorly in the Indian marriage market; a cursory glance at any matrimonial ad using the search term ‘fair’ can substantiate this.

Essentially, every non-Hindustani Indian has a difficult time in India. They can find themselves obligated to learn more languages than their Hindustani counterparts, unable to take exams in their mother tongue or face difficulties accessing state services. None more so than the Northeast Indians. Lacklustre investment in their states has meant that youngsters move seeking greener pastures elsewhere in India. It is incredibly heart-breaking to hear the harrowing tales of men and women being treated so harshly, often disproportionately subject to molestation and harassment and called racist slurs within their own country. Government funding towards languages and other infrastructure is skewed in favour of Hindi, and even Sanskrit. This has resulted in several languages and tribal identities in India facing extinction, especially in the South and the Northeast. Northeast Indians, compared to their South Indian counterparts, have poorer representation in Indian media.

We have a long way to go to become a country where we learn to accept all cultures, religions and habits. after all, the first step in solving a problem is realizing that there is one. If Indians do not collectively admit that we have a problem with racism, we’re going to be in serious trouble. We have several ethnicities in India. This simple fact seems to be lost in the hullabaloo about religion in the mainstream. Media is not a passive entertainment industry. It is a projection of culture and aspiration for many. It directly affects our choices, preferences, tastes, fashion, trends and even politics. Young Indians, especially girls, consuming this diet of cultural crap from media and society will mean that a generation of Indians will emerge with serious physical and mental issues. An unregulated industry of face whitening products often containing dangerous carcinogens like hydroquinone makes medical risks very real. What makes this even more remarkable is the warm reception that dark-skinned people of South Asian heritage have received elsewhere in the world- Kunal Nair, Romesh Ranganathan, George Alagiah, Naga Muchetty, Aziz Ansari and the list goes on. Thus, the Black Lives Matter Movement should be wake up call for India.

‘Let us make it our purpose to listen deeply to those who suffer racism so that we may better comprehend what it is, how they feel and how we can build the society they need. It is wrong to become defensive, and right to open our hearts all the wider, to love and acknowledge that all are fully sacred. We are called to love, and the more we love each other the better our world will become.’

Socialisation

” In fact, the socialisation gives us the tools to fill our evolutionary roles. They are our building blocks.”
– Warren Farrell

Human Resource Management plays a major and vital role in new employees induction and orientation. Socialisation in an organisational context is a process of adaptation to a new culture of the organisation. Socialisation may be defined as a process of making new employees aware to the new environment of the organisation. Socialisation is a method of making people learn about the organisation and adjusting them to the knowledge, skills, attitude and expectations that is required for a new or changing role within an organisation. Socialisation is done in order to reduce the anxiety that new employees may experience during their first day. This attempt should be made to integrate the person into the informal organisation. Socialisation process may be short or long. If the new employees adjust with the organisation in less time the process of socialisation may be short otherwise it may be long. It depends on the will and ability to adjust. In simple terms, socialisation is a process of adaptation, adjustment, making arrangements for setting one employee in the organisational environment. The process of socialisation may be different for different organisations. In the same way, the purpose of socialisation can be distinctive from firm to firm. In reality, induction or orientation is only a small part of the overall socialisation of a new organisation member. This can be understood from the following lines that induction is confined to the new recruits only, whereas socialisation covers transfer and promotion as well. Some of the assumption of employee socialisation are:-

It helps in influencing employee performance and organisational stability.
It provides information to the employee regarding how to do the job and ensuring organisational fit.
Motivating them to learn the culture, values and norms of the organisation and reducing their anxiety.

The content of anything is very important. So, the content of socialisation can be divided into following categories:-

Preliminary Learning – Generally this includes that learning will be necessary, what to learn, how to learn and whom to learn from is very important.
Learn about the organisation – This includes learning organisational goals, values and policies.
Learn to function in work group- This includes the values, norms, roles and friendship within an organisation.
Learn to perform the job – This includes the skills and knowledge necessary for a particular job.
Personal Learning – Is what you learned from your experience with the job and the organisation like self-image, self-identity, motivation, etc.

There are many organisational norms and values which can be transmitted in employees in a number of ways like in the form of stories. It is one of the most common way to communicate with the people and work with their experience. The stories tell the perspective of the organisation and not that what is written in organisational documents. The next way of socialisation is material symbol. The various material symbol used by the organisation convey specific meaning. It is quite common to provide rooms of different sizes, tables of different sizes, etc. The next way of socialising with employee is language. Many organisations use language as a way to identify members of a culture.

Socialisation has many importance too and they are:-

Helps in Understanding Culture – Socialisation helps the new employee so that they can understand the values, processes, culture, tradition and environment of the company and prepare them according to that. This also helps in making them fit into the organisation and establish productive work relationship.
Contributes to Long-term Success – Socialisation helps in contributing to the long-term success of the employees. As a person who is socialised in terms of their organisational role are more satisfied and more adaptable.
Help in Employee Engagement – It also helps in employee engagement. A well socialised employee fits well in their jobs, work group and organisation and are more engaged.

So lastly, Socialisation is very important for both employee and the organisation.

SHAKUNTALA DEVI: ONLY NAME IS ENOUGH

We have heard about many persons which have received something from God as God gift…we have heard about many persons who made India proud in all over the world by their talent…..we have heard about so many wonders in our India…….there was also a legend in early time she was not less than a wonder.. and she is known as a HUMAN COMPUTER…and her name is SHAKUNTALA DEVI…..

Shakuntala Devi was born in Bengaluru, Karnataka in a Brahmin family. Her father and was in circus where he worked as a trapeze artist, lion tamer, tightrope walker, and magician. He discovered his daughter’s ability to memorize numbers while teaching her a card trick when she was about three years old. Her father left the circus and took her on road shows that displayed her ability at calculation. She did this without any formal education. At the age of six, she demonstrated her arithmetic abilities at the University of Mysore.

In 1944, Shakuntala Devi moved to London with her father.

Shakuntala Devi travelled to several countries around the world demonstrating her arithmetic talents, though not to Russia (then USSR) and China because they were communist countries and she believed that her talent is god gifted and that she is spreading the message of god throughout the world. She was on a tour of Europe in 1950 and New York City in 1976. In 1988, she travelled to US to have her abilities studied by Arthur Jensen, a professor of educational psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Jensen tested her performance at several tasks, including the calculation of large numbers. Examples of the problems presented to Devi included calculating the cube root of 61,629,875 and the seventh root of 170,859,375.Jensen reported that Shakuntala Devi provided the solution to the above mentioned problems (395 and 15, respectively) before Jensen could copy them down in his notebook. Jensen published his findings in the academic journal Intelligence in 1990.

In 1977, at Southern Methodist University, she gave the 23rd root of a 201-digit number in 50 seconds. Her answer 546,372,891 was confirmed by calculations done at the US Bureau of Standards by the UNIVAC 1101 computer, for which a special program had to be written to perform such a large calculation, which took longer time than her to do the same.

On 18 June 1980, she demonstrated the multiplication of two 13-digit numbers—7,686,369,774,870 × 2,465,099,745,779.

picked at random by the Department of Computing at Imperial College London. She correctly answered 18,947,668,177,995,426,462,773,730 in 28 seconds, which was the time taken by her to speak the answer. This event was recorded in the 1982 Guinness Book of Records. Writer Steven Smith said, “the result is so far superior to anything previously reported that it can only be described as unbelievable. Once, Indira Gandhi told Shakuntala, “Shakuntala, I have got many ambassadors all over the world, but you are a very special ambassador, as you can win many friends for India through your Mathematical and Quick Calculation Skills”.

Shakuntala Devi explained many of the methods she used to do mental calculations in her book Figuring: The Joy of Numbers, which is still in print.

In 1977, she wrote The world of Homosexuals, the first study of homosexuality in India. for which, she was criticized. She returned to India in the mid-1960s and married Paritosh Banerjee, an officer of the Indian Administrative Service from Kolkata. They were divorced in 1979 .

In April 2013, Shakuntala Devi was admitted to a hospital in Bangalore with respiratory problems. Over the following two weeks she suffered from complications of the heart and kidneys. She died in the hospital on 21 April 2013. She was 83 years old.

On 4 November 2013, Shakuntala Devi was honored with a Google Doodle on what would have been her 84th birthday.

EVEN THOUGH SHE HAD DIED BUT SHE IS STILL ALIVE IN HEART OF EVERY INDIAN… AS WE ALL KNOW THAT LEGENDS NEVER DIE…..THE COUNTRY WILL ALWAYS BE DEBTED WHATEVER SHE DID FOR THIS…..

ANXIETY

Anxiety is a concoction of feelings of worry, tension and fear. In India, alone 44.9 million people are dealing with anxiety disorders. Anxiety is a necessary survival instinct that had helped humanity survives. It produces adrenaline a hormone responsible for flight or fight response, it helps us fight dangers or to run away from them. Now the feelings or fear and worry revolve around our jobs, family and money. The nervous feeling before an important event is now a prolonged feeling of worry and stress. When anxiety is left untreated for a long time it can develop into anger. The socio-cultural aspects of our Indian society make it difficult for individuals with mental illness to come forward and get help. The stigma is still rooted that anyone who goes to a mental health facility is seen as crazy or disturbed.
Anxiety during lockdown can be tough. Anxiety can be divided into different disorders based on their severity or triggers. They are general anxiety disorder, agoraphobia which is anxiety which is triggered when they are forced to be in public situations, social anxiety, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic attacks and separation anxiety. A constant state of worry or fear might lead to panic attacks or bottled up stress turns into frustration which in turn becomes anger. During times of uncertainty where students worry about their academics, grad students who worry about future prospectus, a worker who are losing their jobs, anxiety are on the rise. Unprocessed anxiety can lead to anger issues as these feelings of fear or worry are left unacknowledged. The anger that is sourced from anxiety is not intentional but it is a natural reaction to anxiety. When these feelings are left untreated it’s normal for people to lash out because they do not know how to cope with it. But there are 5 things you can do to or tips that might help with anxiety.

1.People with anxiety usually tend to follow a routine they are comfortable with. In a lockdown, folks with anxiety should not lose track of their routine as it keeps them comfortable.
2.People how to suffer from panic attacks have many techniques that calm them down. One of my favourite techniques is sucking on an ice cube. Sucking on the ice cube distracts your mind from whatever is troubling you.
3.Staying connected with friends and family is important as social connectedness is important.
4.Minimizing the time spent on social media is a good option as social media is littered with constant news on coronavirus which might trigger anxiety in lockdown.
5.Talking to supportive friends or a mental health professional is always a good option.

Anxiety is treatable and there are many different ways it can be helped. The pandemic will pass and the thing will return to normal but something will remain different. The key to lessening the anxiety is to be kind to others and ourselves. We are going to some difficult times but life will always go on.

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Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease

Smoking and Respiratory Disease

Smoking and Cancer

Smoking and Other Health Risks

Quitting and Reduced Risks

Who is most likely to become addicted?

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Mutualism in nature

“

“BOXING (POM POM) CRAB” BY LIQUIDGURU UNDER VIMEO

PARASITISM

“SEA LICE ON SALMON” BY 7BARRYM0RE UNDER PUBLIC DOMAIN

“BETTY IN MOUTH” BY UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD PRESS OFFICE UNDER FLICKR

COMMENSALISM

“BABY FISH TAKE SHELTER IN JELLYFISH” BY EARTH TOUCH NEWS NETWORK

MIMICRY

“CHAETODON CAPISTRATUS1” BY CHRIS HUSS UNDER PUBLIC DOMAIN

“BLUESTREAK CLEANER WRASSE” BY NEMO’S GREAT UNCLE UNDER FLICKR

“SABRE-TOOTH BLENNY” BY FISH INDEX

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3 THOUGHTS ON “SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE OCEAN”

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POST NAVIGATION

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VOID MARRIAGES

VOIDABLE MARRIAGE

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we have seen so much examples of their unity…some are as follows:

we see a Muslim family’s child is participating in dress competition by wearing lord Krishna’s dress,

we see that Sikhs are organizing langar for Muslims…

we see that a Muslim girl in Mumbai wins GITA contest…..

we see in a Hindu Ganpati Pandal in Mumbai which became a makeshift venue for Eid Namaaz for Muslims, as the nearby mosque had run out of space……..

We see in Mumbai a woman was in a critical condition and about to deliver when some female devotees took her to the Ganpati Temple, Wadala, Mumbai and gave birth to a baby boy. And, couple named the boy “Ganesh”.

We see when soldiers are on border they are there for India not for their religion.

We see when a cricket match is going on then everyone whatever they are they just cheer for India like, indiaaaaaa……indiaaaaaa….

we see that Muslims make way on road while Hindus pass silently during Ganesha chaturthi …….and the list is so long….

you know what there are mainly 5 religions India named as, Hinduism,Muslims,Sikhism,Christianity,Buddhism,Jainism…….

MAZHAB NAHI SIKHATA, AAPAS MEIN BAIR RAKHNA HINDI HAI HUM, WATAN HAI HINDUSTAN HAMARA…….

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LAW

CONCLUSION