PETS – A BOON TO HUMAN RACE

Domesticated animals or birds kept with oneself for companionship are called as pets. These animals are not made to work forcibly and are not tamed for consumption purpose. According to the history of tamed species, dogs are the most likely to be kept as pet animals. A person must be committed enough to nurture the animal lifelong. There is a plethora of pet animals which can be opted as companions but with appropriate research, one can opt a pet suitable to his/her lifestyle, without causing any harm to the pet. Research proves how beneficial pets are to humankind. Let us have a look at why a pet is said to be a boon to humans.

HELPS ONE TO MAINTAIN FITNESS

Nurturing a pet includes a lot of physical activity. Regular walks and playtime with a four legged will ensure that the owner steps out of his/her house. Pets increase the chances of a better exercise routine for the owner. Indulging in physical activity with the pet helps decrease cholestrol, cut down on extra calories and maintain a proper BMI. Walking lowers the risk of diseases related to the heart, hence increases life expectancy.

STATS – Dog owners on an average walk 22 minutes more per day compared to people without dogs.

SOCIALIZING

Pets are ice-breakers to socializing. Psychologically, the human community feels more secured to be around people who own pets. They can serve as great conversation starters. While taking a furry friend for a walk, several pet lovers approach to spend time with the pet. This does improve interaction with people from the neighborhood and friends. Companion animals keep the atmosphere calm and hep build social relations.

STATS – Pet owners are 60% more likely to interact with others than those who do not own pets.

PSYCHOLOGICAL MERITS

Pet help keep loneliness at bay. They act as great stress boosters due to their lively nature. They unsurprisingly increase dopamine (feel good hormone) levels in the body and alleviate cortisol (stress hormone). Furry friends help you deal with negativity and stress causing disorders such as Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, etc. Recovering from adversities is slightly easier with pets alongside than otherwise. They help in lifting up spirits and causing happiness. Hospitals and psychological clinics appoint Therapy Pets to soothe patients during the course of their treatment.

STATS – Research says, 9/10 people experience psychological well-being in presence of their pet.

DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN

While children grow with pets at their home, they tend to learn about the ‘trust’ factor. Children often look out for their pets when in need of emotional support. Animals at home unintentionally teach children about compassion, responsibility and non-verbal communication. All this leads to higher self esteem and confidence among these children. Such children generally tend to grow up as responsible adults. Children with ADHD and Autism feel immensely supported by their pets.

STATS – According to a questionnaire presented to 1600 households, children from dog owning houses, had 30% less chances to engage in anti-social behaviours and 34% more likely to engage in considerate behaviours.

In conclusion, pets are certainly a boon to mankind. Household pets may include cats, dogs, parakeets, budgies, rabbits, hamster, and so on. Pets help people appreciate true friendships. It is true that, we can judge the heart of a person by his treatment of animals. Welcoming a furry friend at home is not the only act of consideration but taking proper care without abandoning it is also necessary.

The deepest image of universe ever taken- Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble space telescope is the most famous telescope in the world. It was named after the famous astronomer Edwin Hubble who changed our understanding of the universe proving the existence of other galaxies. It is an automatic observatory, has discovered millions of new objects in space. It helped us to witness the birth of new stars, found planets outside the solar system and see super massive black holes. Hubble was launched in 1990, and from December 1993 to may 2009, the telescope was repaired and updated four times. Astronauts visited HST five times in order to make repairs and new instruments.

Hubble holds the record for the longest range of observation. The light from the most distant galaxies has taken billions of years to travel across the universe and reach Hubble. By taking this picture, Hubble was literally looking back in time to the very early universe. You can notice on the right side of the image, there is a galaxy very much like the Milky Way that galaxy is about five billion years away, so we are looking back in time by five billion years. In March 4th, 2016, NASA releases a historic image, one that many believed was impossible. It captured the farthest away of all known galaxies; itโ€™s located about 13.4 billion light years away from us. The light from his galaxy has just reached the earth crossing the distance that separates us; hat is now we can observe it as it was 400 million years after the big bang. This galaxy is 25 times smaller than our galaxy, the Milky Way.  It helped to find the age for the universe now known to be 13.8 billion years, roughly three times the age of earth.

This view of nearly 10,000 galaxies is called the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. The snapshot includes galaxies of various ages, sizes, shapes, and colours. The smallest, reddest galaxies, about 100, may be among the most distant known, existing when the universe was just 800 million years old. The nearest galaxies – the larger, brighter, well-defined spirals and ellipticals – thrived about 1 billion years ago, when the cosmos was 13 billion years old. The image required 800 exposures taken over the course of 400 Hubble orbits around Earth. The total amount of exposure time was 11.3 days, taken between Sept. 24, 2003 and Jan. 16, 2004.

With the advanced camera of the NASAโ€™s Hubble space telescope, it discovered a new planet called Fomalhaut b which orbiting is parent star Fomalhaut. Fomalhaut is 2.3 times heavier and 6 times larger than the sun around it is a disc of cosmic dust which creates the resemblance of an ominous eye. Fomalhaut b lies 1.8 billion miles inside the ringโ€™s inner edge and orbits 10.7 billion miles from its star. Astronomers have calculated that Fomalhaut b completes an orbit around its parent star every 872 years. The Fomalhaut system is 25 light years away in the constellation Piscis Australis. But in April 2020, astronomers began doubting its existence; the planet is missing in the new Hubble pictures. Scientists believe that this planet was a cloud of dust and debris formed as a result of a collision of two icy celestial bodies.

Fomalhaut – The the brightest star in the constellation ofย Piscis Austrinus

In 1994, Hubble captured the most detailed image of the iconic feature called the pillars of creation. The pillars of creation are fascinating but relatively small feature of the entire eagle nebula. The blue color in the image represent oxygen, red is sulfur, and green represents both nitrogen and hydrogen. The nebula was discovered in 1745 by the Swiss astronomer jean Philippe Loys de Cheseaux, is located 7,000 light years from earth in the constellation Serpens. During its work Hubble has presented millions of images but unfortunately NASA has suspended missions to repair and modernize the telescope. It is assumed that in 2021, Hubble will be replaced with the new James Webb space telescope.

OBSESSION

The people of India have a special love for the language of English. With it being one of the official languages of India, people have obsessed over it now for years. It is considered supreme to any other local or regional language, the language of the elites, the language of the educated, the language of the rich, the language of the better, the language of the greater. Why the knowledge of an alien language has been recognised as the mark of standard or class? Why do Indians take pride in celebrating the English language more than any other? Why do the older generations boast about their children being able to speak English so much? Why do Indians being proud about their culture, traditions, ethnicity, customs and festivals are not as proud of their mother tongues as they are of English? These questions pop up every time a non- English speaking person is humiliated or belittled for their poor English speaking skills. But the real question is do we really need this toxicity of humiliating someone just for the sake of a mere language? No, absolutely we do not.

The answers to all these questions go back to the pre independent era. Ever since the British ruled over India they started with the policy of rejecting non-English, non-white, natives so as to establish strong foot of their supremacy. They dented the minds of naive Indians with the theory that only English speaking, white, educated (the western way) people were supreme and had the capability of ruling over others. With decades of humiliation and degradation, the people in pre independent India accepted the superiority of the English language and this made them bound to have inferiority complex about their very own language and mother tongue. The effect was so profound that even after independence, the people educated in English were considered better than those who were equally skilled but not in this supreme language. The Indian population were now interested in educating their children in an English medium school. The liking for the society with English read people enlarged to a level that it lead to the decay and ultimately the end of traditional schools with Indian native languages.

As Indiaโ€™s economy started to grow and new industries and establishments were born, the culture of hiring mostly and after some time only English speaking people grew to an unexpected level. The new businesses wanted English conversing people as they were now associated with better intelligence and know how. When we look back into the history of the relation between English language and the skills or expertise or wisdom we do not find any strong logical evidence to support that. It was merely the supremacy of the language created by the British that Indians starting judging themselves on the basis of the English speaking skills. The interviews were taken only in English language so as to ensure their hold of the language. Students with better grip of this foreign speech were preferred over others. Even this lingo came to be recognised as the symbol of intelligent, sincere and best for any job students.

Society made it very clear with their over likeness towards English that only the privileged, classy, affluent and powerful individuals could afford and were entitled to this learning. This obsession with a foreign tongue was so unhealthy and unwanted that till this day citizens of India have not been able to accept the fact that it is just a language and that the understanding of this speech has nothing to do with intelligence or wisdom. The folks with lesser experience or practice in English are judged too quickly as being the lesser ones. There is a swift shift in peopleโ€™s attitude after they realize they are conversing with someone with no skills for English language than with the one who is an expert in it. Though with developing nature of the society today, the respect and glory of the local, regional or native language that was lost decades ago is returning back but nevertheless the tilt towards the English language continues, bent enough to stay an obsession. ย 

The unusual North Korean parade

North Korea on Thursday, September 9 held a midnight military parade to mark their 73rd founding anniversary in the capital city of Pyongyang.

This was the 3rd parade that was held in North Korea in under a year following a parade held last October to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the worker’s party of North Korea which saw the display of the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) and the Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) and one in January after the 8th congress of the workerโ€™s party of North Korea. Contrary to what a myriad of people might believe North Korea does not hold parades as frequently as it did this past year.

This parade was broadcasted on the North Korean state run television on Thursday.

What set this parade apart?

This parade was unlike any other parade held in  North Korea as it did not consist of any display of ballistic missiles, in fact no ballistic missiles were even mentioned. This parade was more of a celebration according to Yang Moo Jin, the vice president of public affairs of North Korea. According to Moo Jin the parade was held to strengthen internal solidarity and it would have been inappropriate to exhibit any sort of missiles. The purpose of this parade was not to intimidate any country but rather to boost the morale of the citizens of North Korea in the midst of a crisis as per some experts.

The event didnโ€™t go on for very long as opposed to the previous military parades that took place this year. This parade lasted only for around 1 hour. In addition to that it was also scaled down.

This parade observed the troops and the emergency disease prevention unit in red hazmat suits and gas masks march past their leader. The hazmat suits and the gas masks represent the prevention of Covid-19 in North Korea as the country reported no Covid-19 cases during the course of the pandemic

The leader Kim Jong-un did not deliver a speech that could cause outrage with the US, South Korea or any other country; he just simply waved at the troops that marched past. In lieu of Kim Jong-un the member of the ruling party Ri Il-Hwan addressed the nation. 

Another change that was observed during the event was Kim Jong-unโ€™s weight loss. The leader looked much healthier and skinnier since his last public appearance. All these events are taking place amidst a food crisis in North Korea. The country is reportedly facing the worst food shortages at the time, which could be attributed to the isolated economy and a trade halt that the country is under.

The state media released photos where people were seen to be enjoying the event that represented solidarity. Paratroopers could be seen jumping off of aircrafts, fireworks filled the midnight sky in Pyongyang and firetrucks filled the Pyongyang soil.

This parade also featured students carrying rifles and farmers marching as well. People were also seen dancing towards the end of the parade.

These events are being held in North Korea amid one of the worst economic and food crises the country has ever witnessed according to the reports.

TRAVEL ESSENTIALS

Writer John Tolkien has rightly expressed, “Not all those who wander are lost.” To travel is to set on a new journey, new experiences and lifetime memories. Life is a book and those who do not travel will just remain reading a single page of that book. People travel for numerous purposes such as to explore other places, to seek education and knowledge, stress reduction, to spend time with near and dear ones, etc. To travel without hindrances, one must have thorough information about what to carry and keep alongside during the journey. This blog will attempt to cover most of the travel essentials required.

Travel Bag

It is quite apparent that one will certainly carry a bag while travelling. The bag that one will carry must depend on the time period of travel and purpose of travel. The bag used must provide comfort in mobility and must not be one which can be easily damaged.

  • Long Vacations – Sturdy rolling luggage bag
  • Treks – Long rucksacks
  • Short Business Travels – Cabin sized wheeled duffel bag
  • Shopping – Tote bag

First Aid Kit

It is a must have commodity while travelling. In case of any small mishap, having a first aid kit along, will help prevent further complications or may even omit trips to a clinic, if acted upon quickly. Accidents are unpredictable, hence being prepared beforehand is necessary. Any first aid kid must include the following items – Band aids, bandages, antibiotic ointments, non latex gloves, aspirin (as one’s doctor suggests), a pair of scissors, thermometer, etc as per the Red Cross.

Diary

Keeping your personal travel journal along will help you to rewind all those lovely memories. Jotting down personal experiences will help you list down all what you have experienced while traveling. One can also pen down important phone numbers which he/she might need in case of an emergency. If travelling solo, one may write down the list of places that one would like to visit during the travel to avoid forgetting about it later on. A soft bound, back pack friendly diary with maps and pens is ideally recommended by avid travellers.

Vitamin tablets and Energy drinks

Events in a tour are uncertain. While one must decide beforehand, about what and where he/she would consume while on the tour, there is a possibility that plans may not work out accordingly. In case of unavailability of food supplies, energy bars, energy drinks and multivitamin tablets according to the doctor’s prescription can be consumed. During in flight travels, food options are scarce, hence the body does not receive the daily needed dose of supplements. Also, while travelling in a public transport, one’s body is prone to germs and infections. To avoid being stuck in such situations, it is always better to carry the needed dose of supplements along.

Seasonal Elements

One must thoroughly research on the weather conditions of the place he/she is travelling to. The climatic conditions in various regions of the world is varied.

Tropical Climate – Carry light coloured outfits to keep yourself cool. White or lightly printed loose tees, shorts and breezy dress are a go to set of clothing. Also, one must remember to carry along, shades, hats and sunscreen.

Cold Climate – Natural fibers such as wool and silk work wonders in preventing feeling cold. Layers of sweatshirts, fleece garments or thermals worn inside an all season leather jacket helps in protection from wind and rainfall. Gloves and socks are also to be carried for better warmth.

“Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore”

– ANDRE GIDE

One must relentlessly travel and explore the world. We might not understand how flamboyant the people, cultures and landscapes of this world are, unless we travel. In order to travel worry-free and experience serenity, one has to keep in mind the essentials that he/she must carry while embarking on a journey.

Rainforest and its Importance

Aย rainforestย is an area of tall, mostlyย evergreenย trees and a high amount of rainfall.ย ย Rainforests are Earthโ€™s oldest livingย ecosystems, with some surviving in their present form for at least 70 million years. They are incrediblyย diverseย andย complex, home to more than half of the worldโ€™s plant and animal speciesโ€”even though they cover just 6% of Earthโ€™s surface. This makes rainforests astoundingly dense withย floraย andย fauna; a 10-square-kilometer (4-square-mile) patch can contain as many as 1,500 flowering plants, 750 species of trees, 400 species of birds and 150 species of butterflies.ย ย Rainforests thrive on everyย continentย except Antarctica. The largest rainforests on Earth surround the Amazon River in South America and the Congo River in Africa. Theย tropicalย islands of Southeast Asia and parts of Australia supportย denseย rainforestย habitats. Even the cool evergreenย forests of North Americaโ€™s Pacific Northwest and Northern Europe are a type of rainforest.ย Rainforestsโ€™ richย biodiversityย is incredibly important to our well-being and the well-being of our planet. Rainforests helpย regulateย ourย climateย and provide us with everyday products.ย ย Unsustainableย industrialย andย agricultural development, however, has severelyย degraded the health of the worldโ€™s rainforests. Citizens,ย governments, intergovernmental organizations, andย conservationย groups are working together to protect these invaluable butย fragileย ecosystems.

Rainforest Structureย ย Most rainforests are structured in four layers: emergent, canopy, understory, and forest floor. Each layer has unique characteristics based on differing levels of water, sunlight, andย air circulation. While each layer isย distinct, they exist in anย interdependentย system: processes and species in one layer influence those in another.ย ย Emergent Layerย The top layer of the rainforest is theย emergent layer. Here, trees as tall as 60 meters (200 feet)ย dominateย the skyline.ย Foliageย is oftenย sparseย on tree trunks, but spreads wide as the trees reach the sunny upper layer, where they photosynthesize the sunโ€™s rays. Small, waxy leaves help trees in the emergent layer retain water during longย droughts orย dry seasons. Lightweight seeds are carried away from the parent plant by strongย winds.ย ย In the Amazon rainforest, the towering trees of the emergent layer include the Brazil nut tree and the kapok tree. The Brazil nut tree, aย vulnerable species, can live up to 1,000 years in undisturbed rainforest habitats. Unlike many rainforest species, both the Brazil nut tree and the kapok tree areย deciduousโ€”they shed their leaves during the dry season.ย ย Animals oftenย maneuverย through the emergent layerโ€™s unstable topmost branches by flying or gliding. Animals that canโ€™t fly or glide are usually quite smallโ€”they need to be light enough to be supported by a treeโ€™s slender uppermost layers.ย The animals living in the emergent layer of the Amazon rainforest include birds, bats, gliders, and butterflies. Large raptors, such as white-tailed hawks and harpy eagles, are itsย top predators.ย ย In rainforests on the island of New Guinea, pygmy gliders populate the emergent layer. Pygmy gliders are smallย rodents that get their name from the way flaps of skin between their legs allow them to glide from branch to branch.ย ย Bats are the most diverseย mammalย species in most tropical rainforests, and they regularly fly throughout the emergent, canopy, and understory layers. One of the worldโ€™s largest species of bat, the Madagascan flying fox (found on the African island of Madagascar), for instance, is an importantย pollinatorย that mainly feeds on juice from fruit, but will chew flowers for theirย nectar.ย ย Canopy Layerย Beneath the emergent layer is theย canopy, a deep layer ofย vegetationย roughly 6 meters (20 feet) thick. The canopyโ€™s dense network of leaves and branches forms a roof over the two remaining layers.ย ย The canopy blocks winds, rainfall, and sunlight, creating aย humid, still, and dark environment below. Trees haveย adapted to thisย damp environmentย by producing glossy leaves with pointed tips thatย repelย water.ย ย While trees in the emergent layer rely on wind to scatter their seeds, many canopy plants, lacking wind,ย encaseย their seeds in fruit. Sweet fruitย entices animals, which eat the fruit and deposit seeds on the forest floor asย droppings. Fig trees, common throughout most of the worldโ€™s tropical rainforests, may be the most familiar fruit tree in the canopy.ย With so much food available, more animals live in the canopy than any other layer in the rainforest. The dense vegetation dulls sound, so manyโ€”but not allโ€”canopy dwellers are notable for theirย shrillย orย frequentย vocalizing. In the Amazon rainforest, canopy fruit is snatched up in the large beaks ofย screeching scarletย macaws and keel-billedย toucans, and picked by barking spider and howler monkeys. The silent two-toed sloth chews on the leaves, shoots, and fruit in the canopy.ย ย Thousands and thousands of insect species can also be found in the canopy, from bees to beetles, borers to butterflies. Many of these insects are the principalย dietย of the canopyโ€™s reptiles, including the “flying” draco lizards of Southeast Asia.ย Understory Layer Located several meters below the canopy, theย understoryย is an even darker, stiller, and more humid environment. Plants here, such as palms andย philodendrons, are much shorter and have larger leaves than plants that dominate the canopy. Understory plantsโ€™ large leaves catch the minimal sunlight reaching beyond the dense canopy.ย ย Understory plants often produce flowers that are large and easy to see, such asย Heliconia, native to the Americas and the South Pacific. Others have a strong smell, such as orchids. These features attract pollinators even in the understoryโ€™s low-light conditions.ย The fruit and seeds of many understoryย shrubs in temperate rainforests areย edible. The temperate rainforests of North America, for example, bloom with berries.ย ย Animals call the understory home for a variety of reasons. Many take advantage of the dimly lit environment forย camouflage. The spots on a jaguar (found in the rainforests of Central and South America) may be mistaken for leaves or flecks of sunlight, for instance. The green mamba, one of the deadliest snakes in the world, blends in with foliage as itย slithers up branches in the Congo rainforest. Many bats, birds, and insects prefer the open airspace the understory offers. Amphibians, such as dazzlingly colored tree frogs,ย thriveย in the humidity because it keeps their skin moist.ย ย Central Africaโ€™s tropical rainforest canopies and understories are home to some of the most endangered and familiar rainforest animalsโ€”such as forest elephants, pythons, antelopes, and gorillas. Gorillas, aย critically endangeredย species ofย primate, areย crucialย for seedย dispersal. Gorillas areย herbivores that move throughout the dark, dense rainforest as well as more sun-dappledย swamps andย jungles. Their droppings disperse seeds in these sunny areas where new trees and shrubs can take root. In this way, gorillas areย keystone speciesย in many African rainforest ecosystems.ย Forest Floor Layerย Theย forest floorย is the darkest of all rainforest layers, making it extremely difficult for plants to grow. Leaves that fall to the forest floorย decayย quickly.ย ย Decomposers, such as termites, slugs, scorpions, worms, and fungi, thrive on the forest floor.ย Organicย matter falls from trees and plants, and these organisms break down the decaying material intoย nutrients. The shallow roots of rainforest treesย absorbย these nutrients, and dozens ofย predatorsย consumeย the decomposers!ย Animals such as wild pigs, armadillos, and anteatersย forageย in the decomposing brush for these tasty insects, roots andย tubers of the South American rainforest. Even larger predators, including leopards,ย skulkย in the darkness to surprise theirย prey. Smaller rodents, such as rats and lowland pacas (a type of striped rodent indigenous to Central and South America), hide from predators beneath the shallow roots of trees that dominate the canopy and emergent layer.ย ย Rivers that run through some tropical rainforests create unusualย freshwaterย habitats on the forest floor. The Amazon River, for instance, is home to the boto, or pink river dolphin, one of the few freshwater dolphin species in the world. The Amazon is also home to black caimans, large reptiles related to alligators, while the Congo River is home to the caimansโ€™ย crocodilianย cousin, the Nile crocodile.

Types of Rainforests Tropical Rainforests Tropical rainforests are mainly located between theย latitudes of 23.5ยฐN (the Tropic of Cancer) and 23.5ยฐS (the Tropic of Capricorn)โ€”theย tropics. Tropical rainforests are found in Central and South America, western and central Africa, western India, Southeast Asia, the island of New Guinea, and Australia.ย ย Sunlight strikes the tropics almost straight on, producing intenseย solar energyย that keepsย temperatures high, between 21ยฐ and 30ยฐC (70ยฐ and 85ยฐF). High temperatures keep the air warm and wet, with an average humidity of between 77% and 88%. Such humid air produces extreme and frequent rainfall, ranging between 200-1000 centimeters (80-400 inches) per year. Tropical rainforests are so warm and moist that they produce as much as 75% of their own rain throughย evaporationย andย transpiration.ย ย Suchย ampleย sunlight and moisture are theย essentialย building blocks for tropical rainforestsโ€™ diverse flora and fauna. Roughly half of the worldโ€™s species can be found here, with an estimated 40 to 100 or more different species of trees present in each hectare.ย ย Tropical rainforests are the most biologically diverseย terrestrialย ecosystems in the world. The Amazon rainforest is the worldโ€™s largest tropical rainforest. It is home to around 40,000 plant species, nearly 1,300 bird species, 3,000 types of fish, 427 species of mammals, and 2.5 million different insects. Red-bellied piranhas and pink river dolphins swim its waters. Jewel-toned parrots squawk and fly through its trees. Poison dart frogs warn off predators with their bright colors. Capuchin and spider monkeys swing andย scamperย through the branches of the rainforestโ€™s estimated 400 billion trees. Millions of mushrooms and other fungi decompose dead and dying plant material, recycling nutrients to theย soilย and organisms in the understory. The Amazon rainforest is truly an ecologicalย kaleidoscope, full of colorful sights and sounds.ย Temperate Rainforestsย Temperate rainforests are located in the mid-latitudes, where temperatures are much more mild than the tropics. Temperate rainforests are found mostly inย coastal, mountainous areas. These geographic conditions help create areas of high rainfall. Temperate rainforests can be found on the coasts of the Pacific Northwest in North America, Chile, the United Kingdom, Norway, Japan, New Zealand, and southern Australia.ย ย As their name implies, temperate rainforests are much cooler than their tropical cousins, averaging between 10ยฐ and 21ยฐC (50ยฐ and 70ยฐF). They are also much less sunny and rainy, receiving anywhere between 150-500 centimeters (60-200 inches) of rain per year. Rainfall in these forests is produced by warm, moist air coming in from the coast and being trapped by nearby mountains.ย ย Temperate rainforests are not as biologically diverse as tropical rainforests. They are, however, home to an incredible amount of biological productivity, storing up to 500-2000 metric tons of leaves, wood, and other organic matter per hectare (202-809 metric tons per acre). Cooler temperatures and a more stable climate slow down decomposition, allowing more material toย accumulate. Theย old-growth forests of the Pacific Northwest, for example, produce three times theย biomassย (living or once-living material) of tropical rainforests.ย ย This productivity allows many plant species to grow for incredibly long periods of time. Temperate rainforest trees such as the coast redwood in the U.S. state of California and the alerce in Chile are among the oldest and largest tree species in the world.ย ย The animals of the temperate rainforest are mostly made up of large mammals and small birds, insects, and reptiles. These species vary widely between rainforests in different world regions. Bobcats, mountain lions, and black bears are major predators in the rainforests of the Pacific Northwest. In Australia, ground dwellers such as wallabies, bandicoots, and potoroos (smallย marsupials that are among Australiaโ€™s most endangered animals) feast on the foods provided by the forest floor. Chileโ€™s rainforests are home to a number of unique birds such as the Magellanic woodpecker and the Juan Fernรกndez firecrown, a hummingbird species that has a crown of color-changing feathers.

People and the Rainforestย Rainforests have been home to thriving, complex communities for thousands of years. For instance, unique rainforest ecosystems have influenced the diet of cultures from Africa to the Pacific Northwest.ย MbutiThe Mbuti, a community indigenous to the Ituri rainforest in Central Africa, have traditionally been hunter-gatherers. Their diet consists of plants and animals from every layer of the rainforest.ย ย From the forest floor, the Mbuti hunt fish and crabs from the Ituri River (aย tributaryย of the Congo), as well as gather berries from low-lying shrubs. The giant forest hog, a species of wild boar, is also frequently targeted by Mbuti hunters, although this species is hunted for sale more often than food. From the understory, the Mbuti may gather honey from bee hives, or hunt monkeys. From the canopy and emergent layers, Mbuti hunters may set nets or traps for birds.ย ย Although they are a historicallyย nomadicย society,ย agricultureย has become a way of life for many Mbuti communities today as they trade and barter with neighboring agricultural groups such as the Bantu for crops such as manioc, nuts, rice, and plantains.ย ย Chimbu The Chimbu people live in the highland rainforest on the island of New Guinea. The Chimbu practiceย subsistence agricultureย through shifting cultivation. This means they have gardens onย arableย land that has been cleared of vegetation. A portion of the plot may be left fallow for months or years. The plots are neverย abandonedย and are passed on within the family.ย Cropsย harvested in Chimbu garden plots include sweet potatoes, bananas, and beans. The Chimbu also maintainย livestock, particularly pigs. In addition to their own diet, pigs are valuableย economicย commodities forย tradeย and sale.ย ย TlingitThe temperate rainforest of the northwest coast of North America is the home of the Tlingit. The Tlingit enjoy a diverse diet, relying on bothย marineย and freshwater species, as well asย gameย from inland forests.ย ย Due toย bountifulย Pacific inlets, rivers, and streams, the traditional Tlingit diet consists of a wide variety ofย aquaticย life: crab, shrimp, clams, oysters, seals, and fish such as herring, halibut, and, crucially, salmon. Kelps and otherย seaweeds can be harvested and eaten in soups or dried. One familiar Tlingit saying is โ€œWhen theย tideย is out, our table is set.โ€ย ย In more inland areas, historic Tlingit hunters may have targeted deer, elk, rabbit, and mountain goats. Plants gathered or harvested include berries, nuts, and wild celery.ย ย YanomamiThe Yanomami are a people and culture native to the northern Amazon rainforest, spanning theย borderย between Venezuela and Brazil. Like the Chimbu, the Yanomami practice both hunting and shifting-cultivation agriculture.ย Game hunted by the Yanomami include deer, tapirs (an animal similar to a pig), monkeys, birds, and armadillos. The Yanomami have hunting dogs to help them search the understory and forest floor for game.ย ย The Yanomami practiceย slash-and-burnย agriculture to clear the land of vegetation prior to farming.ย Crops grown include cassava, banana, and corn. In addition to food crops, the Yanomami also cultivate cotton, which is used for hammocks, nets, and clothing.

Benefits of Rainforestsย Ecological Well-Being Rainforests are critically important to the well-being of our planet. Tropical rainforests encompass approximately 1.2 billion hectares (3 billion acres) of vegetation and are sometimes described as the Earthโ€™sย thermostat.ย ย Rainforests produce about 20% of our oxygen and store a huge amount of carbon dioxide, drastically reducing the impact ofย greenhouse gasย emissions. Massive amounts ofย solar radiationย are absorbed, helping regulate temperatures around the globe. Taken together, these processes help toย stabilizeย Earthโ€™s climate.ย ย Rainforests also help maintain the worldโ€™sย water cycle. More than 50% ofย precipitationย striking a rainforest is returned to theย atmosphereย byย evapotranspiration, helping regulate healthy rainfall around the planet. Rainforests also store a considerable percentage of the worldโ€™s freshwater, with the Amazon Basin alone storing one-fifth.ย ย Human Well-Being Rainforests provide us with many products that we use every day. Tropical woods such as teak, balsa, rosewood, and mahogany are used in flooring, doors, windows, boatbuilding, and cabinetry. Fibers such as raffia, bamboo, kapok, and rattan are used to make furniture, baskets,ย insulation, and cord. Cinnamon, vanilla, nutmeg, and ginger are just a few spices of the rainforest. The ecosystem supports fruits including bananas, papayas, mangos, cocoa and coffee beans.ย ย Rainforests also provide us with manyย medicinalย products. According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute, 70% of plants useful in the treatment ofย cancerย are found only in rainforests. Rainforest plants are also used in the creation of muscle relaxants,ย steroids, andย insecticides. They are used to treatย asthma,ย arthritis,ย malaria, heart disease, andย pneumonia. The importance of rainforest species inย public healthย is even more incredible considering that less than one percent of rainforest species have beenย analyzed for their medicinal value.ย ย Even rainforestย fungiย can contribute to humanityโ€™s well-being. A mushroom discovered in the tropical rainforest of Ecuador, for example, is capable of consumingย polyurethaneโ€”a hard,ย durableย type ofย plasticย used in everything from garden hoses to carpets to shoes. The fungi can even consume the plastic in an oxygen-free environment, leading many environmentalists and businesses toย investย in research to investigate if the fungi can help reduce waste inย urban landfills.

Threats to Rainforestsย Rainforests are disappearing at an alarmingly fast pace, largely due to humanย developmentย over the past few centuries. Once covering 14% of land on Earth, rainforests now make up only 6%. Since 1947, the total area of tropical rainforests has probably been reduced by more than half, to about 6.2 to 7.8 million square kilometers (3 million square miles).ย ย Manyย biologists expect rainforests will lose 5-10% of their species each decade.ย Rampant deforestationย could cause many important rainforest habitats to disappear completely within the next hundred years.ย ย Suchย rapidย habitat loss is due to the fact that 40 hectares (100 acres) of rainforest are cleared every minute for agricultural and industrial development. In the Pacific Northwestโ€™s rainforests,ย loggingย companies cut down trees forย timberย while paper industries use the wood forย pulp. In the Amazon rainforest, large-scale agricultural industries, such asย cattle ranching, clear hugeย tracts of forests for arable land. In the Congo rainforest, roads and otherย infrastructureย development have reduced habitat and cut offย migration corridors for many rainforest species. Throughout both the Amazon and Congo, mining and logging operations clear-cut to build roads and dig mines. Some rainforests are threatened byย massive hydroelectric powerย projects, whereย dams flood acres of land. Development isย encroaching on rainforest habitats from all sides.ย ย Economic inequalities fuel this rapid deforestation. Many rainforests are located in developing countries with economies based onย natural resources. Wealthy nations drive demand for products, and economic development increases energy use. These demands encourage local governments to develop rainforest acreage at aย fractionย of its value.ย Impoverishedย people who live on or near these lands are also motivated to improve their lives byย converting forests into subsistenceย farmland.

Rainforest Conservationย Many individuals, communities, governments, intergovernmental organizations, and conservation groups are takingย innovativeย approaches to protect threatened rainforest habitats.ย ย Many countries are supportingย businesses andย initiatives that promote the sustainable use of their rainforests. Costa Rica is a globalย pioneerย in this field, investing inย ecotourismย projects that financially contribute to local economies and the forests they depend on. The country also signed an agreement with an Americanย pharmaceuticalย company, Merck, which sets aside a portion of the proceeds from rainforest-derived pharmaceutical compounds toย fundย conservation projects.ย ย Intergovernmentalย groups address rainforest conservation at a global scale. The United Nationsโ€™ REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) Program, for example, offers financialย incentives for reducingย carbon emissions created by deforestation to 58 member countries. The Democratic Republic of the Congo used REDD funds to create an online National Forest Monitoring System that tracks and maps data on loggingย concessions, deforestation in protected areas, and nationalย forestry sectorย measures. REDD funds were also used toย investigateย best practices in solving landย disputes in Cambodia, which lacks proper forestย zoningย andย boundaryย enforcement.ย ย Nonprofit organizations are tackling rainforest conservation through a variety of different approaches. The Rainforest Trust, for example, supports local conservation groups around the world in purchasing and managing critically important habitats. In Ecuador, the Rainforest Trust worked with the Fundaciรณn Jocotoco to acquire 495 more hectares (1,222 more acres) for the Rรญo Canandรฉ Reserve, considered to have one of the highest concentrations ofย endemicย andย threatened speciesย in the world. Partnering with Burung Indonesia, the Trust created a 8,900-hectare (22,000-acre) reserve on Sangihe Island to protect the highestย concentrationย of threatened bird species in Asia.ย ย The Rainforest Alliance is a nonprofit organization that helps businesses and consumers know that their products conserve rather than degrade rainforests. Products that bear the Rainforest Allianceย sealย contain ingredients from farms or forests that follow strict guidelines designed to support theย sustainable developmentย of rainforests and local communities. The Alliance also allows tourism businesses use of their seal after they complete an education program onย efficiencyย and sustainability. In turn, this seal allows tourists to make ecologically smart vacation plans.

Wildlife Conservation

Wildlife Conservationย is the practice of protecting plant and animalย speciesย and their habitats. As part of the worldโ€™s ecosystems, wildlife provides balance and stability to natureโ€™s processes. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure the survival of these species, and to educate people on living sustainably with other species.

The human population has grown exponentially over the past 200 years, to more than seven billion people today, and it continues to rapidly grow. This means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions of people on the planet. This growth and development also endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly animals and plants that may be displaced for land development, or used for food or other human purposes. Other threats to wildlife include the introduction of invasive species from other parts of the world, climate change, pollution, hunting, fishing, and poaching.

National and international organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and the United Nations work to support global animal andย habitatย conservation efforts on many different fronts. They work with the government to establish and protect public lands, like national parks and wildlife refuges. They help write legislation, such as theย Endangered Speciesย Act (ESA) of 1973 in the United States, to protect various species. They work with law enforcement to prosecute wildlife crimes, like wildlife trafficking and illegal hunting (poaching). They also promoteย biodiversityย to support the growing human population while preserving existing species and habitats.

National Geographic Explorers, like conservation biologists Camille Coudrat and Titus Adhola, are working to slow theย extinctionย of global species and to protect global biodiversity and habitats. Environmental filmmakers and photographers, like Thomas P. Peschak, are essential to conservation efforts as well, documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world.

How advanced are Alien civilizations? -The Kardashev scale

The observable universe is consists up to two trillion galaxies that are made of billions and billions of stars. In the Milky Way galaxy alone, scientists assume that there are some 40 billion earths like planets in the habitable zone of their stars. When you look at these numbers, there are a lot of possibilities of alien civilization to exist. In a universe that big and old, the possibilities of civilizations may start millions of years apart from each other, and develop in different directions and speed. So their civilization may range from cavemen to super advanced. We know that human started out with nothing and then making tools, building houses, etc. we know that humans are curios, competitive, greedy for resources, and expansionists. The more of these qualities that our ancestors had, the more successful they were in the civilization building process.

ย Like this, the other alien civilizations also might have evolved. Human progress can be measured very precisely by how much energy we extracted from our environment. As our energy consumption grew exponentially, so did the abilities of our civilization. Between 1800 and 2015, population size had increased seven fold; while humanity was consuming 25 times more energy. Itโ€™s likely that this process will continue into the far future. Based on these facts, scientist Nikolai Kardashev developed a method for categorizing civilizations, from cave dwellers to gods ruling over galaxies into a scale called the Kardashev scale. It is a method of ranking civilizations by their energy use. It put civilizations into four categories. A type 1 civilization is able to use the available energy of their home planet. A type 2 civilization is able to use the available energy of their star and planetary system. A type 3 civilization is able to use the available energy of their galaxy. A type 4 civilization is able to use the available energy of multiple galaxies

. Itโ€™s like comparing an ant colony to a human metropolitan area. To ants we are so complex and powerful, we might as well be gods. On the lower end of the scale, there are type 0 to type 1 civilization. Anything from hunting, gatherers to something we could achieve in the next few hundred years. These might actually be abundant in the Milky Way. If that possible, why they are not sending any radio signals in space. But even if they transmitted radio signals like we do, it might not be very helpful. In such a vast universe, our signals may extend over 200 light years, but this is only a tiny fraction of the Milky Way. And even if someone were listening, after a few light years our signals decay into noise, impossible to identify as the source of an intelligent species. Today humanity ranks at about level 0.75. We created huge structures, changed the composition and temperature of the atmosphere. If progress continues, we will become a full type 1 civilization in the next few hundred years. The next step to type 2 is trying and mine other planets and bodies.

The Dyson sphere – mega-structures built around sun to draw energy

ย As a civilization expands and uses more and more stuff and space, at some they may start a largest project that extracting the energy of their star by building a Dyson swarm. Once it finished, energy has become unlimited. The next frontier moves to other stars light years away. So the closer a species gets to type 3, they might discover new physics, may understand and control dark matter and energy, or be able to travel faster than light. For them, humans are the ants, trying to understand the galactic metropolitan area. A high type 2 civilization might already consider humanity too primitive. A type 3 civilization might consider us bacteria. But the scale doesnโ€™t end here; some scientists suggest there might be type 4 and type 5 civilizations, whose influences stenches over galaxy clusters or super clusters. This complex scale is just a thought experiment but, still it gives interesting things. Who knows, there might be a type omega civilization, able to manipulate the entire universe, and they even might be the actual creators of our universe.

“Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known.” – Carl Sagan

Pollution a reality of today

Pollution has became a part of our life. It has became the reality whether we accepted or not. We have to now keep air purifier to purify the air inside our house. Just think of the level of destruction in has caused to just as well as to nature.

We have reduced the resources of nature or either we have misused the resources of nature for our own benefit. We youmans are so selfish that for our benefit we can even take away the things which are meant for everyone. Like we have polluted so many rivers which has caused death to so many aquatic animals that we can’t even imagine of.

We have polluted the air quality so much that we are now facing difficulty to breathe ourselves. We have caused pollution in air, water, soil, noise whatnot. Just think it yourself.

Now there are so many activist and NGOs are coming ahead for cleaning up the message that has been spread by us only. But it is not enough. To remove Facebook devil from our mother nature each and everyone have to contribute towards this.

We can take small steps like using public transport instead of personal one for travelling which will reduce the air pollution. There is no need of very much big-big steps to be taken a small step by each individual is enough for cutting this pollution into half.

It is our nature and we should use net sustainabily so that it is available for other animals and future generation as well.

Education a right of everyone but a gift for poor

Education the solution for every problem in this world. If you are educated you know how to manage difficult time in a better way then others. Education is not only provided in school but it also present all around you.

The context of education is very wide, you can’t say that education is only provided in schools and colleges. By education you’re mean that you learn from your surrounding not only bookcase knowledge. A person who never went to school doesn’t mean that he don’t have knowledge of anything.

At present to the covid-19 situation there are millions of children who had lost the access to education, because they are not having digital devices to have their online Classic in even their schools are shut off.

Today we are having so many excuses for online classes like we’re having strain in eyes, neck, headache etc. I don’t mean mad they are not genuine but, these are not as hard as you are not getting education. You are fortunate in now to continue your education even without going to school but many in this world a not so fortunate.

There are many example synthesis world who had sacrifice a lot just to get educated. One of them is Malala Yousafzai who was ready to get shot from gun just to get educated.

So whenever you feel like you don’t want to study just think about them and you automatically will get an inspiration and a sense of gratitude that you are having so many resources that your education is not getting any hindrance.

We and government together should take step that gift access of education to everyone in your country or in the world. We can donate our old book, pencils and other stationaries to them and that will be a small step from our side but will make a big difference for them.

Grand Parents

Grandparents our first friend since we are born. They are actually the blessing of God. Only summer fortunate enough to spend their childhood and life with them.

It is always said that Grand children are the last friend of their grandparents, and they are our first friend. There is always a strong and friendly bonding between grandchild and grandparents. Having grandparents with you is the best thing in the life.

Only some fortunate grandchild are able to see or live with their grandparents nowadays. They teach the values which help us to grow all over our life. Detail story which are meaningful and helps us to get connected to our culture.

It is our duty to not let them feel lonely if you are there with them. In our busy schedules we often forget that the old citizens actually feeling very lonely and are not happy from inside. They never tell you about their loneliness but you should understand it by looking at their faces.

Did don’t want much from anyone they just need love and care. And if you can’t do that then you probably are are not worth calling a grandchild. Just sit with them for sometime in a day and have normal talk with them they will definitely feel happy about. Being in the company you will also feel relax from your stressful life.

And please don’t ever send them to the old age home they had taken care of you when you didn’t know anything about this world and now it’s your time don’t betray them. Take care of them as if your own child because we know that old age is like the comeback of childhood.

Why the long face? The Scream

The Scream is one of the most famous artworks on the planet. Almost everyone of us must have seen it somewhere or the other. Either in memes or maybe on some educational TV channel but very little population knows the name of the artist or even the name of the painting itself. 

Figure on cliffside walkway holding head with hands

Edward Munch

The Scream is an artwork by the Norwegian artist Edward Munch completed in 1893.

Munch was a painter and printmaker born in Norway in 1863. His paintings were greatly inspired by the expressionism movement and symbolism. All his paintings  had a certain underlying psychological tone to it which is hard to miss. Munch had a miserable childhood, and that misery manifested itself later in his paintings. His mother and sister died of tuberculosis while he was very young and later, still at a young age he lost his father and his brother too. Death and gloom always meandered around him and followed him everywhere. Another sister of his suffered from mental illness too.

To understand a piece of art it is important to understand the artist, his experiences, his life to be able to get as close to meaning the artist was trying to show because there is no possible way that we can fully understand an artistโ€™s psyche at the time of making it even though art is interpretive.Munch depicted raw and violent emotions in his work

The scream is an autobiographical work of art where while he was walking along a path one evening with a fjord below, feeling tired and ill, when looked over the fjord the scene looked to him as if blood was covering the sky. He felt a scream coursing through the clouds. Munch had a history of ill mental health in his family and during that evening it is possible that he heard the scream inside his own head.Soon after painting The Scream abandoned this style and barely went back to it.

Theft 

A work of art doesnโ€™t become famous just because of the beauty or the skill behind it but a multitude of things influence itโ€™s popularity like what it represents, political environment, controversies it was involved in.

Similarly this painting is not just famous for its artistic grandeur but it was in the news a lot due to the thefts.

In 1994 thieves broke into a museum in Oslo and stole the painting also leaving a note that read thanks for the poor security and demanded 1 million USD as ransom which was refused. About 3 months later the two men were caught as a result of the sting operation carried out by the Norwegian police.

In 2004, a 1910 version of The Scream was stolen from the Munch museum in broad daylight by two masked gunmen who stole The Scream and Madonna by Munch. The Munch museum was closed for 10 months after the incident for security reasons. It took about 2 years for the Norwegian government to recover the two paintings with some major damage to the paintings which were recovered later.

Mother Tongue

Nowadays we are more on speaking in English rather than choosing our own mother tongue for communication, especially in India. This post is not discourage English language but encourage mother tongue

If you are an Indian then definitely your mother tongue is not English, and mind you here I am talking about those Indians who are living in India and I want to Indian parents, not of migrats. You might be speaking Hindi Tamil Punjabi Gujarati Asami Bengali etc. English has now become a language more of showing status rather than just being a medium of communication.

We use our mother tongue only while speaking to family members. All the other official work Arjan in English which is alright because India has very diverse population having different languages. But the problem is where we treat English as as a measurement tool for checking someone intelligence.

We prefer to speak in English in interviews as to give a better impression on the interviewer that you guess we know English and we are intelligent. A person who is living in a remote village can also be has equally qualified and intelligent as the person who knows English but, just because he don’t know how to speak English he is not getting that equal treatment while he goes for any job employment. And this is a reality.

We think in our mother tongue will our comfortable in speaking our mother tongue it’s just that we don’t use it because of the societal atmosphere around us. Through this post I just want to encourage people to be proud of their mother tongue and speak it with their heads up and not to treat english as a qualification of intelligence.

It is a fact that if you think in your own mother tongue then you are getting more effective and innovative ideas.

How we measure extreme distances in space – Light years

In the 1800s, scientists discovered the realm of light beyond what is visible. The 20th century saw dramatic improvements in observation technologies. Now we are probing distant planets, stars, galaxies and black holes where even light would take years to reach. So how we do that? Light is the fastest thing we know in the universe. It is so fast that we measure enormous distances by how long it takes for light to travel them. In one year, light travels about 6 trillion miles. It is the distance, we call one light year. The Apollo 11 had to travel four days to reach the moon but, it is one light second from earth. Meanwhile, the nearest star beyond our own sun is Proxima Centauri but, it is 4.24 light years away. Our Milky Way galaxy is on the order of 100,000 light years across. The nearest galaxy to our own, Andromeda is about 2.5 million light years away.

 The question is how do we know the distance of these stars and galaxies? For objects that are very close by, we can use a concept called trigonometric parallax. When you place your thumb and close your left eye and then, open your left eye and close your right eye. It will look like your thumb has moved, while more distant objects have remained in place. This same concept applies in measuring distant stars. But they are much farther than the length of your arm, and earth is not large enough, even if you had different telescopes across the equator, you would not see much of a shift in position. So we look at the change in the starโ€™s apparent location over six months, when we measure the relative positions of the stars in summer, and then again in winter, nearby stars seem to have moved against the background of the more distant stars and galaxies.

 But this method only works for objects less than a few thousand light years away. So, for such distances, we use a different method using indicators called standard candles. Standard candles are objects whose intrinsic brightness, or luminosity that we know well. For example, if you know how bright your light bulb is, even when you move away from it, you can find the distance by comparing the amount of light you received to the intrinsic brightness. In astronomy, we consider this as a special type of star called a Cepheid variable. These stars will constantly contract and expand. Because of this, their brightness varies. We can calculate the luminosity by measuring the period of this cycle, with more luminous stars changing more slowly. By comparing the light that we received to the intrinsic brightness we can calculate the distance.

The Type 1a Supernovae – Death of a star

 But we can only observe individual stars up to about 40 million light years away. So we have to use another type of standard candle called type 1a supernova. Supernovae are giant stellar explosions which is one of the ways that stars die. These explosions are so bright, that they outshine the galaxies where they occur. So we can use the type 1 a supernovae as standard candles. Because, intrinsically bright ones fade slower than fainter ones. With the understanding of brightness and decline rate, we can use the supernovae to probe distances up to several billions of light years away. But is the importance of seeing distant objects? Well, the light emitted by the sun will take eight minutes to reach us, which means that the light we see now is a picture of the sun eight minutes ago. And the galaxies are million light years away. It has taken millions of years for that light to reach us. So the universe is in some kind of an inbuilt time machine. The further we can look back, the younger we are probing. Astrophysicists try to read the history of the universe, and understand how and where we come from.

โ€œDream in light years, challenge miles, walk step by stepโ€ โ€“ William Shakespeare

World of Social Media

Social media a word which is is now probably used by everyone. Social media maybe your WhatsApp, Instagram, snapchat, Facebook etc. These are some of the name of the apps which helps us to interact with whole world.

The power of social media in today’s world cannot be neglected, as there are many examples present where a small startup has grown into big business firm and because of a small post once put on some of the social media apps.

It not only help businesses to grow but it also helps your ideas to reach too many people around the world. It provides you a platform to give voice to your ideas and thoughts. Some of the other social media platforms like LinkedIn helps to create professional relationship.

It has helped each individual to showcase the talent. Earlier days the people who want to actually act in front of the audience were only limited to the film industry but, now even the common people can post their videos in any of the social media platforms like YouTube, Instagram, Facebook etc.

As we know everything has two sides so, it is also having its Dark Side as well. Today’s youth has now started misusing the social media platform for just waste of time. Day spend a lot of their valuable time just watching wasteful videos for chats. By this I don’t mean that you should not watch videos to refresh your mind you should watch but there should be a time fix for it.

We should always look at the positive thing in life to go ahead, so it similarly applies to the social media too. We should focus on using it positively so that it brings about a change in society in good manner and as well as in yourself as a person by gaining knowledge from other people.

Feelings

Do you have any idea what feelings actually are? There are people who know it, there might be people who don’t know. Feeling are actually your true personality.

Feelings actually represent your true personality. Like for instance we know many people around us cry by Justin emotional scene in the movie, what does it represent? It represents that they are soft hearted people it’s a part of the personality, they are emotional.

And in this world you cannot actually categorise feelings because in human there are so many types of feeling that we can’t even express many of them. We have sometimes very weird feelings that we can’t even express them. Just think it yourself you might be having such feelings at some point in your life.

A feeling of joy, a feeling of happiness, a feeling of sadness, a feeling of embarrassment etc. The list goes on and on and on. Here we meet categorised feeling in some of the specified sections, but the reality is that they are really very vast.

Sometime we have combinations of feelings together that we can’t give it a new name. And in reality your personality e is Defined by how you feel about each and everything around you. Feelings are a part of your thoughts. How we think of each and everything, ultimately develop feelings in everybody. That’s why everybody have different feelings in a same situation.

True Friends

Friend word which when you herd make you smile. Friends are the only one whom we choose ourselves. They are the ones with whom we share our feelings.

They are the ones with whom we spend our time by our own willingness. True friends are the ones who are always ready to help you at any point of time in your life. True friends are not made for benefits they are made for sharing feelings.

They are the ones with whom we fight a lot but never let another person dare to fight with them. They are the ones who understand your feelings in your weak times. No matter whatever happens they are always with you even if the whole world is against you.

True friends are like treasure you can’t easily find them but if you found them then and there always by you. That’s why everybody in this world says that finding a good friend is really very difficult in this world.

Friendship is also a relationship of respect, trust and gratitude. You play with them, have fun with them, play pranks on them and always help them. But choose your friends wisely as in today’s time everybody is two faces and you have to find the true face of a person with whom you want to be friends with.

Power of Time

You had heard of the film ‘No time to die’, you have heard of the phrase ‘no time to waste’, you had heard of people saying ‘time is money’. From all these examples you have understood that time has very much importance in our life.

Have you ever thought that something which is not even visible have so much importance in our life. Everybody says this one thing that the person who knows how to manage his time knows all the secret of success.

Time management has gained so much importance in today’s world that there are even courses to let people learn and understand how to manage their time. This is the one thing which we have to follow as we all know that time never follows anyone or stops for anyone.

This is the one thing which everybody has in eaqual amount, whether you are rich poor lives in America India anywhere in this world you all have a 24 hour in a day. The thing which make time different is how we utilise it.

We all know that the strongest thing in this world is time. We all should understand and utilise at a time in useful things. And by this way I am not saying that you should not have a relaxing time what time for your hobbies you should absolutely have those time. You should have time for everything in life. And you should do all the thing at the right time.

SELF DEFENSE : TYPES AND BENEFITS

The use of an appropriate counter-measure or protection technique to physically confront an attacker is known as Self- Defense. It can be applied to protect your interests or against people who try to invade your personal space and to halt the attack. There are diverse Self Defense techniques around the world, depending upon the culture, availability of weapons, costumes, purpose, etc. A few of them have been mentioned below.

KARATE

Karate was originated in the Ryukyu Kingdom under the Chinese and Japanese influence. This self defense form gained fame during WW II, when the Japanese military men stationed at sites used this martial art to defend themselves against enemies. This combat sport involves, kicks, elbow strikes, knee strikes, punches, vital point strikes, etc. The popularity gained by this form was so tremendous that the English men started naming any Martial Art technique as Karate. There are six belt colours which can be achieved by a student, starting from White and ending with Black.

JUJUTSU

Jujutsu is a Japanese origin martial art that can be learnt for close combat with minor or no weapons to attack or subdue people that are unarmed. It was primarily developed to distract or get rid of the attacker by trying to shake his balance through strangulation or locking of joints. In the earlier times, trained Samurai’s used to find it difficult to use long swords during wars or attacks. Hence, they used to make use of short daggers, small swords or would fight unarmed. There are eight belts in totality for adults trained in Brazilian Jujutsu.

KRAV MAGA

This martial art is practiced by the Israeli Defence Operations. It is a mixture of several other fighting forms such as boxing, karate, wrestling and judo. Training is rendered in such a form that, one might end up severely injuring or even killing the opponent. It avoids long close combat fights and rather focuses on quick and aggressive blows on weaker sections of the opponent’s body. Mental toughness, agility and development of muscle memory are a part of the training. Worldwide, there is a six belt system used in Krav Maga.

KALARIPAYATTU

With a history of over 3000 years, this Indian self defence technique has two stages – Use of Weapons (taught first) and Barehanded Combat (taught later). It originated in Kerala, located in Southern tip of India. Training encompasses yogasanas, dance moves, kicks, strikes, ayurveda and healing techniques. Bodhi Dharma, a Buddhist monk who was trained in this self defense technique, travelled to China and spread this martial artform there, which evolved as Kung Fu. A greater focus is laid on mobility and flexibility. The Indian Kalaripayattu Federation is the body that governs this combat sport.

BENEFITS OF LEARNING SELF DEFENSE

  • Inculcates discipline within oneself. Attending coaching regularly and practicing to get better each day helps in maintaining self discipline.
  • It accelerates reflexes. The ones who are trained in self defense techniques respond to a situation in a different manner than normal people. Those who have learnt self defense tend to take decisions quicker and act faster than others.
  • It certainly helps boost confidence. In case if a person is caught up in a dangerous scenario, he/she will be self reliant enough to protect oneself. With all the upcoming news and stories, women in society have turned fearful of venturing out of their homes, during wee hours. Learning self defense will help to discard their fear by boosting self confidence.
  • Training in self defense techniques also helps to improve overall fitness. One can take it as a hobby or for recreational purpose. Since, it is a well defined form of exercise, it will help release endorphins in the body, leading to happiness. Along with agility, mobility, it will also help to eliminate extra calories from the body.

Self- Defense does not promote violence. It is only a method to protect oneself efficiently in case of an attack. With the rising concerns of abductions, murders and other heinous crimes, learning self defense has become the need of the hour. Hence, self defense can be explained as a justified defensive response to a threatening situation.

About that artist- pablo picasso 1

Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, ceramist and printmaker born in 1881, in Malana, Spain. His impact on art is huge. He is one the most renowned artists in the world, who left a mark for himself in the history of art and founded a movement in that he most known for, cubism

Life

Pablo Picasso was born in malana in 1881. His father was a drawing professor, this could be one of the reasons why Picasso was inclined towards art at the young age of 10. In 1981, their family moved to A Coruna, in 1891, where his father began teaching fine arts. At the age of 13, his father saw one of his paintings and was so impressed that he thought his son had surpassed him.

Four years later the family moved to Barcelona, after the death of his younger sister. In Barcelona, Pablo joined a fine arts school where he excelled but his father knew that he wonโ€™t be able to fully reach his potential in Barcelona. Therefore, about 4 years later his father sent him to Madrid to pursue his art. 

Career 

Pablo was painting professionally from a very young age. The First Communion (1896), Portrait of Aunt Pepa (1896) are the paintings that he completed at the age of 14.

In Barcelona, he barely attended classes, he would wander in museums and admire the works of other artists like ย Rossetti, Steinlen, El Greco. In 1900, he held his first exhibition in Barcelona, which featured around 50 of his artwork and was well appreciated for it.

The same year he made his first visit to Paris where he discovered some of the greatest things, some great colors, colors of Vincent van gogh rendering him extremely impressed.

The Blue Period 

This was a time during which Pablo Picasso used blue as the more prominent color in his paintings. This lasted between 1901-1904. This period in Picasso’s career can be attributed to the death of his friend Casagemas who had shot himself over a girl. He painted various portraits of Casagemas that had sort of a pang of grief and the observer could feel it.

Some of the paintings from the blue period include The Soup (1902), La Vie (1903), The Old Guitarist (1904). All these paintings possess a great deal of sorrow and the blue color makes it appear even more gloomy.

The Rose Period 

Even during the blue period, Picasso travelled between Barcelona and Paris, but in 1904 he moved permanently to paris. This and many other incidents in his life inspired this period. During this time he used lighter shades. Some of the rose period paintings include Two Nudes (1906), Woman with Loaves (1906), Garรงon ร  la pipe (1905).

Cubism

Cubism is an art movement that became prominent during the 20th century. It represents reality in the form of cubes often making it appear distorted and fragmented. Picasso is considered one the founders of this movement and he truly made it his.

These are the types of paintings that Picasso is most known for. 

How powerful is a hydrogen bomb? And how it works?

At 8:15 on the morning of 6th august 1945, all people saw was a blinding light followed by complete darkness and destruction. It was the most powerful weapon ever created by mankind. It unleashed energy and radiation that killed a hundred and forty thousand people in the industrial city of Hiroshima, Japan. Today we have thermonuclear weapons, also called as the hydrogen bomb. Edward Teller, a Hungarian physicist, worked on the Manhattan project to produce the first atomic bomb based uranium fission, teller had long been interested in a hydrogen fusion bomb, but secrecy and the lack of access to computers contributed to slow progress. Stanislaw Ulam, a polish mathematician realized that a fission bomb could be used as a trigger for a fusion reaction. It is believed that teller seized on this for what became, in 1951, the โ€œTeller-Ulamโ€ design. Most sources agree that the H-bomb works in a series of stages, occurring in microseconds, one after the other. A narrow metal case houses two nuclear devices separated by polystyrene foam. One is ball shaped, the other is cylindrical. The ball is essentially a standard atomic fission bomb. When this is detonated, high energy radiation rushes out ahead of the blast.

The first H-Bomb test took place onย November 1, 1952ย on the small Pacific island of Elugelab.

How a hydrogen bomb works?

The first hydrogen bomb released the energy equivalent of 10 million tons of TNT. While the atomic bomb works on the principle of releasing energy through splitting of atoms called fission, a hydrogen bomb works by fusion of atoms together and it produce more energy than the atom bomb. Fusion is more powerful than fission. It is the same process that powers our sun. And when fission is combined with fusion in hydrogen, it creates energy orders of magnitude higher than fission alone which makes the hydrogen bomb hundreds to thousands of times more powerful than atomic bombs. The fusion portion of the bomb creates energy by combining two isotopes of hydrogen called deuterium and tritium to create helium. Unlike a natural hydrogen atom that is made of one electron orbiting around one proton, these isotopes have extra neutrons in the nuclei. A large amount of energy is released when these two isotopes fuse together to form helium, because a helium atom has much than these two isotopes combined. This excess energy is released. One of the main problems with creating the hydrogen bomb was obtaining the tritium. Scientists found that they can generate this inside the hydrogen bomb with a compound combining lithium and deuterium.

Scientist chose hydrogen for fusion, because it has only one proton and thus would have less electrical charge than atoms with multiple protons in their nuclei. It is possible to combine nuclei when the temperature is increased. Temperatures needed are astronomically higher than ever that at the center of our sun โ€“ 100 million degree Celsius. The center of the sun is 15 million degrees.  At this temperature the isotopes become a form of matter called plasma. Now the electrons orbiting are stripped away from the nucleus. At this temperature the nuclei combined with each other and form a helium nucleus and a free neutron. But how is a temperature of 100 million degrees achieved? This is where the fission or atomic bomb is inside the hydrogen bomb enclosures comes into play. This fission provides the energy needed to heat up the fusion reaction. A hydrogen bomb is actually three bombs in one. It contains an ordinary chemical bomb, a fission bomb and the fusion bomb. The chemical bomb initiates the fission bomb, which initiates the fusion bomb. All these events happens in only about 600 billionths of a second, 550 billionths of a second for the fission bomb implosion, and 50 billionths of a second for the fusion bomb. The result is an immense explosion with a 10 million ton yield, 700 times more powerful than an atom bomb. Only six countries have such bombs, china, France, India, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The world now has over 10,000 such bombs capable of easily destroying every single person on earth many times over.

โ€œI donโ€™t know what weapons countries might use to fight world war III, but wars after that will be fought with sticks and stonesโ€. โ€“ Albert Einstein

HOPE

Every time we look in the mirror we hope to find the person we have always wanted to become and not our actual self. But the fun about this whole hoping and wishing is that we never accept and move on, we continue to hope. People say hoping is what makes our life beautiful and worth living but in reality it is the fact that we try and work hard towards getting what we hope for, that makes our life adventurous and value hyping. ย Hope isnโ€™t something that lead us dream unattainable but rather it is something that compel us to work hard enough to attain the unattainable. We decide to put our best foot forward in the battle field, we aim on reaching the top end of the ladder, we become courageous enough to climb that mountain peak and all that because of one not so little thing- HOPE. How amazingly pure this emotion of hope is that we surrender ourselves with all our might to it regardless of the moment, time, person or our own actions. Hope takes us to another beautiful emotion called- FAITH. Faith isnโ€™t something that will take us places but it is definitely something that describes the world in much more innocent sense and leads us to the path of prospect. Hope is something that can make us optimistic about future, something that can make us fight the toughest battles of our life and eventually win them with zero loss. Hope brings out the best in life it describes each of our act with certainty of killing it and accomplishing the unimaginable.

Hope knock together the possibility of a future so different from present and yet so close to our past. Hope turns us into the being so true to our own selves that we dream big and pull of something even bigger. Hope sticks us to the ground reality but at the same time motivates us to alter that reality into our biggest ambition. Our fantasies start growing into reality and making more sense to us as we hope of realizing it. With each step closer to the goal, we take a jump upwards the clouds of hope. As soon as we start accepting the fact that with each of our day of hoping more we accomplish more we begin to hope more and in the constant act of hoping and genuinely conquering we end up hoping what we did not even suppose of wishing of and ultimately getting it. Hope regenerates the self- confidence which lifeโ€™s unpredictability robbed us off. Hope gives rise to general feeling of completeness even when events around us seem a little unfair. Hope does not cause us doubt our self worth instead it furthers our treasure of self believing powers. We gain and loose in life simultaneously but hope ameliorate the realization of loosing and celebrate the actions of gaining. Hope optimizes everything around us, it looks straight into the black sky and wonder in the stars assisting us to trust the process and pray to hope forever.

Photo by Rodolfo Clix on Pexels.com

Sports

Sports happy way to stay fit. Sports has now change the way we live. Sports help us to stay fit while you are having fun. Playing sports also improve your personality and give few more skills.

Sports teaches us the sportsman spirit. It helps us to build a teen spirit among us. It’s such childhood pleasure. It’s time when we forgot our all worries and just focus on a happiness and on the sport.

It helps us to increase our concentration power as well. It helps us to stay fit, and from the word that I mean both mental as well as physical fitness. Value place port you doesn’t need to go to gym and all the stuff wish you don’t like to do.

It’s just not academic that is important being is sports is equally important. Being in sport doesn’t mean that you have to be a professional or a very good clay for it you can just played for your happiness your leisure time, just for fun.

It bills a healthy competition environment. It helps us to stay away from mental diseases like depression, anxiety, stress, etc. It teaches us some really important lessons in a life like how to be optimistic, there is always another way for any problem, there is always something good at the end, if you lose by one score that doesn’t mean you are not good it’s just the luck and you have to try for the next time.

Having trouble sleeping?

Half of the population is facing  problem with sleep because some can not simply fall asleep. This is also known as insomnia. Insomnia is common and is mostly considered to be normal. However, the effect of not sleeping enough or change in the sleeping routine can indirectly effect our mental as well as physical health. When the sleep routine changes, it changes our eating habits as well as degrade our performance. One who is healthy and prepared is full of energy and have the potential to perform tasks better.

Stress or anxiety is the main cause for sleeplessness which can be resolved by letting out the stress or implying techniques to make our body suitable for sleeping. Techniques such as Yoga posses and exercise causes direct impact on the body which inturn relaxes the muscles.

Here are three simple and easy steps to follow if you are facing a problem sleeping.

1.Viloma Pranayama

Viloma Pranayama is a commonly used Yoga Pranayama, also called Single Nostril Breath or Alternate Nostril Breathing. This technique can be done while sitting or in a lying position.

To perform this technique, one must inhale a large amount of air while placing a finger to block one side of the nostril and hold it for about 3-4 seconds and then slowly exhale breath. This is to be done vice versa, holding the left nostril after the right nostril and the process could be repeated 7-8 rounds at once.

It is known to be effective and one does not require training to perform the technique.

2.Bhramari Pranayama

Bhramari Pranayama is one of the easiest technique of Pranayama also called โ€˜Bee Breathโ€™. One can perform by either putting both index fingers on each side of the ear or even by covering the eyes using four fingers of both the hand.

It is important to stay in a quiet and peaceful environment so that all the focus and attention can be put in the humming and breathing pattern.

One should keep the mouth closed and take a deep breath and then exhale slowly, making a humming sound โ€˜Omโ€™ . Repeating 4-5 times twice a day could make the respiratory system function smoothly. It is an important technique to make the heart beat level balanced, especially for the people suffering from respiratory diseases.

3.Stretching The Body

One of the most natural and easy technique to perform before bed is stretching. It could be any kind of stretch best suitable for the performers.

It can also be achieved by a simple method of stretching out the leg in a straight manner and reaching for the feet with both hands

Stretching improves circulation of blood, flexibility, mobility, relaxes the muscles and can give you a warm and comfortable sleep.


It is important to note that in order to get a better sleep, one must avoid over thinking and complete all the important task to avoid frustrations. Our mind must be in a peaceful state

Who is the girl with the pearl earring

The woman stands, a dark, ill-lit scene surrounds her, making it seem 3D, almost real; that is the girl with the pearl earring. 

Girl with the pearl earring is perhaps one of the most famous paintings to ever exist, also known as The “Mona Lisa of the North” this art piece by the dutch artist Johannes Vermeer is undoubtedly his most recognized work.

Vermeer and his style

Johannes Vermeer, a dutch painter born in 1632, in Delft, Netherlands is one of the most celebrated artists of all time. Although he was not very well known in his time, his work was posthumously recognized by critics.

Vermeer portrayed typical scenes in his art, ordinary everyday scenes. People doing everyday tasks, nothing out of the box,but these scenes were very skillfully painted. The perspective and the orientation of light was all very precise. For instance his painting The Music Lesson (1665), at first glance it seems a pretty simple painting of a teacher giving a piano lesson but there’s always more than meets the eye, the tiles show a perspective leading up to the student, the light coming through the window forces the observer to focus their attention right in the middle. The observer is not conscious of these things but influences them in some way.

What is so special about it?

A painting’s prevalence is not just determined by how good the painting itself is, but what the painting represents,the political environment during the time it was painted, and controversies it is involved in.

Girl with the pearl earring was painted in 1665, which shows a young woman looking directly at the observer. She can be seen wearing a turban, a mustard cardigan and a pearl earring. This painting is different from all of vermeerโ€™s paintings, the lady is not doing any chore rather she just looks at the observer, this along with her inconspicuous eyebrows led to itโ€™s comparison with the Mona Lisa. but it is not a portrait, it is a tronie.

Her lips are slightly parted, her gaze is at the observer. It looks almost 3D. Vermeer used a technique called sfumato for this painting, a technique that involves blending of colors to give a blurry or hazy appearance. Vermeer left out a lot of details,It is a tronie 

This was painted during a time when the church or the royals held power and depicted a working class girl. The pearl earring could be ironic. also the pearl is too big to be real, therefore the critics speculate that he couldโ€™ve intentionally painted it that way, to make it seem fake and also 17th century dutch women did not wear turbans.

Later assessment 

Vermeer โ€˜s work was assessed in the 19th century by a critic, which led to his recognition and became widely mainstream only in the 21st century.

A novel has also been written around this painting called  Girl with the Pearl Earring in 1999, written by Tracy Chevalier and later in 2003, a movie was also made, inspired from the book, with Scarlet Johansen playing the protagonist.

The painting sits Mauritshuis, The Hague, Netherlands

Mother Nature

Mother nature the word we often come across but we don’t give much importance. In this context nature has been given in the respect of a mother. But as we all know that a mother’s presence is so much in a life that at a point we start to ignore her little little things done for us. Similarly we have forgotten the importance of mother nature too.

Just think if we don’t have this nature what would happen of us. None of us would have been alive. We should not be so thankless towards nature who has always helped us in all aspects.

Instead of respecting nature as mother we have started exploiting it. We are taking the resources from nature but we are not giving anything bad to her free just want to full feel handbag letting hands empty.

This change we cannot bring all alone we need the support of all us, but everything starts with a single step if even one starts to respect or do something towards nature everyone else would join. The need of today’s just that one step.

Just take care for nature as if you are caring your own mother then you will start experiencing an aura of happiness. Nature is our everything and we are because of nature so please protect mother nature and mother earth.

Dancing to breathe

Dance is freedom for me. Since as long as I could remember, I have been dancing, whether it’s Hip-hop, contemporary, Kathak, folk, or even freestyle, dance has always been a part of my daily routine. I can’t imagine my life without dance, it’s vibrations, it’s amnesty, it’s beauty and the exultance I get from it. Most people get tired by dancing too much, but even if I dance for more than 10 hours a day, I can’t get enough of it. For me, life is empty and hollow without some moves, some music and a smile, and I can assure you, dance does that for me. It is not just a part of my life, but it is my life. Even before going to sleep, my imagination wanders off to choreographing songs, learning the taal of each song or even just dancing supine on my bed. It gets even weirder after this, believe me, you don’t wanna know.

I remember vividly, that, when I was 4, my mother put me into a dance class which I REALLY didn’t wanna join, I was hauled there, while sobbing( not brutally) but who knew, that one decision would become my entire life. I am not extremely good at dance, but I do know, that when I do it, I do it freely, with no stress or regulations at all. Whatever step I like, on whatever music I like, I do it, and I can’t even tell you how much I enjoy it, it’s ineffable.

Why I don’t choose it as a primary profession is something that I learnt while growing up, not that I am a grown up, but, you know what I am saying. It is that I know that I can go beyond dancing to choose my profession. something more essential, required in today’s world, something more arduous, I am not saying that dancing isn’t arduous, NO, NEVER in my dreams I would say that! dancing is one of the most arduous professions ever, but I mean something in a way like a doctor, mentally arduous. Take grey’s anatomy for an example if you are not familiar with a doctor’s life, they are a perfect instance. A highly risky job, with fatal consequences, amazingly crazy days, and being paid for working like a donkey. Immense pressure and stress define their life. For me, dancing is nothing like that, when you dance, you aren’t in pressure or stress, or at least shouldn’t be, when you dance, ACTUALLY, you are not straining your brain into following a specific procedure, a logical algorithm. When you are dancing, it can’t be stressful, it can’t be fatal, except, when you aren’t.

Tourist Attractions In The City Of Dreams

MUMBAI – The financial capital of India is fondly known as the city of dreams and a city that never sleeps. The city has got such sobriquets as migrants from various places enter here in search of better education and job opportunities. It is a home to many people who have come here from across the borders to accomplish their dreams. Even during the wee hours, people can notice the hustle, bustle and euphorious atmosphere here. All this extravaganza adds up to the glory of this city. Let us have a look at the major tourist attractions here.

THE GATEWAY OF INDIA

This monument facing the magnificent Arabian Sea in Colaba was built by the British to have it as a symbolic entrance of the colonials into the city. It was also the gate from which the British left India in 1948. The structure is an adaptation of the Arc De Triomphe of Paris. It is a hub for tourists, vendors, historians, vloggers and avid photographers. Two of the five jetties located here are used for commercial ferry purposes and cruises are available too. The Archaeological Survey of India protects the monument and several big firms have come forward to help in restoration of this monument under Corporate Social Responsibilty.

MARINE DRIVE

This 3.9 km long C-shaped stretch in Mumbai is also referred to as the Queen’s Necklace. During the dusk hours, the placement of lights along this natural bay resemble a shining necklace. Cemented sitting spaces allow visitors to have a relaxed time here while facing the waves gently drenching the sand. Plenty of snacking options are available here, ranging from lip smacking Chaat to soothing Ice-creams. Uphill, Tourists can explore the Walkeshwar area (an affluent location with an expensive cost of living) where one can find a number of well built houses and a rich lifestyle. Several sports clubs also exist in the vicinity.

CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI MAHARAJ TERMINUS

Previously known as the Victoria Terminus, this railway station is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The completion of the construction was done on the day when Queen Victoria completed 50 years of rule in India. This picturesque structure has been designed in the Victorian Gothic style by students of JJ School of Art. In the year 1996, this place was renamed from Victoria Terminus to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus. Later on, the the title of Maharaj (Emperor) was also added. It is the second most photographed monument in Mumbai. There’s a lot to do here. From experiencing a journey in the iconic Mumbai Locals with an unbelievable flurry of passengers to capturing scenic moments in a camera near the Terminus.

SANJAY GANDHI NATIONAL PARK

This is the most accurate place for fauna, flora and wildlife lovers. Away from the commotion, this place on the outskirts of Mumbai, provides for ample activities. Visitors can visit the Vanrani Forest, lion and tiger enclosures, butterfly garden, enjoy boating in a paddleboat or go hiking in any of the seven nature trails. The 65 mile long park is divided into three different zone – Tourist Area, Buffer Area and Core Area. Tourist guides and bicycles are available for anyone who does not wish to venture solo.

Mumbai has also been given the sobriquet of Tourist’s Paradise. With abundant tourist locations such as places of worship (Haji Ali Dargah, Siddhi Vinayak Temple, Iskon Temple), for having a leisurely family time (Bandra-Sealink, Juhu Beach, Hanging Gardens), for reasearch enthusiasts (RBI Coin Museum, Nehru Planetarium, Nehru Science Centre, Jehangir Art gallery) and many more. About 6 Million people visit Mumbai annually to see the city’s beautiful locations and to experience the culture, cuisines and lifestyle. All this has made Mumbai the 30th most visited place in the entire world.

The Atomic Bomb – How it changed the course of history?

During the World War II the united sates used an unprecedented $2 billion to feed an ultra-secret research and development program, the outcome of which would alter the relationships of nations forever. Known as the Manhattan project, it was the search by the United States and her closest allies to create a practical atomic bomb. It is a single device which capable of mass destruction, the threat of which alone could be powerful enough to end the war. The motivation was simple. Scientists escaping the Nazi regime had revealed that research in Germany had confirmed the theoretical viability of atomic bombs. In 1939, in support of their fears that the Nazis might now be developing such a weapon, Albert Einstein and others wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) warning of the need for atomic research. By 1941 FDR had authorized formal, coordinated scientific research into such a device. Among those efforts would ultimately unleash the power of the atom was Robert Oppenheimer, who was appointed the projectโ€™s scientific director in 1942. Under his direction the famous laboratories at Los Alamos would be constructed and the scientific team assembled. On July 16 1945, in a small town called Alamogordo, New Mexico, the course of human history was changed; the first atomic bomb was detonated that day.

The Little Boy- The world’s first atomic bomb detonated at 5:30 A.M on July 16 1945, Los Alamos, New Mexico

Principle of an atomic bomb

An atom bomb works in the principle that when you break up a nucleus of an atom, a large amount of energy is released. Because it takes a large amount of energy to keep the nucleus bound together. When you split it apart, the energy is released. Scientists chose the biggest and heaviest nucleus that is found in nature to be the best object for splitting. It is uranium, it is unique in that one of its isotopes is the only naturally occurring element on that is capable of sustaining a nuclear fission reaction. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 146 neurons together to give an atomic mass of 238 or U238. A very small portion of uranium, when it is mine, is in the form of an isotope U235, this isotope  has the same 92 protons but only 143 neutrons, or three fewer than U238. U235 is highly unstable, which makes it highly fissionable. When uranium U235 is slammed by a neutron, it becomes uranium 236. In the process of splitting and creating two more stable atoms, a whole bunch of energy is released, along with three more neutrons. These three more neutrons fly out and slam more U235 atoms. And thus, a chain reaction occurs, causing more and more U235 to be split, and ultimately causes a huge explosion. The uranium contains only 0.7% of this U235 isotope, and a whole bunch of it is needed to make one atomic bomb.

Another engineering challenge is to create a vessel with the correct shape and material to contain the neutrons after fissioning, so that they do not escape, but rather cause more atoms to fission. And it is lined with a special mirror so that it forces neutrons back in to the fissionable material rather than escape the vessel. Then the correct amount of fissionable material has to be placed inside this vessel. This is called โ€˜super critical massโ€™. There has to be enough mass to sustain an uncontrollable chain reaction resulting in an explosion. ย The super critical mass has to be kept apart until you are ready for an explosion. Otherwise an explosion can occur when you donโ€™t want it. The reason is because these isotopes are unstable, and are throwing off neurons randomly. In an atomic bomb, two sub-critical masses are slammed together usually with a conventional bomb contained inside the outer bomb. This conventional explosive charge initiates the chain reaction. This project ultimately created the first, man-made nuclear explosion, which Robert Oppenheimer called โ€œtrinityโ€ on July 16, 1945. The concept of an atom bomb is simple but, the process of actually creating a bomb is not so simple.

โ€œNow I am became Death, the destroyer of worlds.โ€ โ€“ J. Robert Oppenheimer

About that author- Pablo Neruda

Neftalรญ Ricardo Reyes Basoalto, more popularly known as Pablo Neruda, was one of the most prominent Latin poets of the 20th century. 

Pablo Neruda was born in 1904, in Chile. He started writing poetry at a very early age. He grew up in Temuco. His father did not approve of his poetry, and did not encourage him of it. His father discouraging him could be the reason why he started publishing under the pseudonym Pablo Neruda.

Even though Neruda did not get any support from his father, he wasnโ€™t completely devoid of support. The major source of encouragement for him was Gabriela Mistral, a nobel prize laureate who won the nobel prize a few years before Neruda. Neruda published multiple poems in local newsletters and magazines.

Literary work

Pablo Neruda published his first work, an essay at the age of 13 in a local magazine. In 1921, he left Chile to move to Santiago to study at the University of Chile in order to become a French teacher. He adopted a different lifestyle in Santiago almost that of a bohemian and was able to complete during that time his first collection of poems entitled Crepusculario (book of twilights) in 1923. A year later, he published another book, Veinte poemas de amor y una canciรณn desesperada which when translated into English means Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair published in 1924. Both of these books brought him recognition. For the next few years he dedicated himself fully to writing poetry and continued to publish poems.

But unfortunately, he was unable to make ends meet through just his poetry so he worked as a consul in Myanmar for about 5 years. After that he moved to Sri Lanka. By this time he was quite familiar with South Asian culture and wrote a book called Residencia en la tierra meaning Residence onEarth.  In 1932, after spending time as a consul in Indonesia he moved to Chile with a woman he had married, Maria Antonieta Hagenaar. In 1933, he worked in Buenos Aires, Argentina as a consul. The following years Neruda moved around the world and became involved with the communist parties, also during this time he separated from his wife in 1936. He published another edition of Residencia en la tierra in 1935.

Political career 

He moved back to Chile again in 1937 and became associated with the politics of his country. When he returned to his home country in 1943 from Mexico, he ran for senator and won in 1945 and joined th communist party. In  1948, he was exiled from the position of a senate for writing an open letter against the leader and he left the country so as to not get arrested. He spent his exile travelling around the world writing poems, he published Tercera residencia. 

In 1952, he returned to Chile, again and lived there for the rest of his life. There he campaigned for political leaders and wrote a lot more books.

In 1971, he was awarded the Nobel Prize. He was terminally ill and died in 1973 in his home country of Chile. 

SOME ANIME INFLUENCED MAKING MY CHILDHOOD FUN

The variety of cartoon from my childhood time for which almost all kids from my generation have spend their all time watching is nothing compared to what the kids from these days generation are watching. And the biggest difference I make is that this generation shows have from mine were that most of the shows of my generation was anime and Japanese cartoon but now a days all the cartoon were shown to kids are mostly Indian based story cartoon and some rerun of my time anime.

I still remember how after doing my homework I run towards the tv punctually on 7 pm as the shows were to be start with good contented stories, continuity, good moral and each episodes make me curious at the end about all kind of the things like what gonna happen the next day. But the cartoon happens to kids favorite are all comical with no sense and no continuity , just for fun purpose only.

Some loved and epic shows still to be remembered and watched are –

  • NARUTO

Naruto was something else to talk about it was so popular around my time , bullshit it still is. As it being the anime of Japan dubbed in Hindi there was some changes in the line of story as the Naruto was parted into two- Naruto and Naruto Shippuden. In India, only Naruto was broadcasted Hindi dubbed and become much more popular than Indian cartoon were ever were among children around 9 and above. Popularity of cartoons are shown very different as their taglines becomes popular as in this case were the jutsu names, mainly the famous ” RASENGAN” were used in many imaginative fight between kids for fun.

  • DRAGON BALL AND DRAGON BALL Z

Dragon ball in one of the most famous anime broadcasted in India and were the most popular one among the kids. The story based on the baby found by an old man who named him Goku and his journey to learn martial arts and to fight the most powerful fighter around the world. As he moved forward with his journey he meet and make many friends and foes who he with and against fights for the world peace and sometimes for the dragon balls which makes some of the wishes of the callers true. With friends like Bulma, kuririn, Master Roshi , Piccolo etc being part of the gang and after being married to chichi and having a kid named Gohan and getting informed of him being a alien warrier species called “Saiyyan” bring more of the troubles in the name of “Vegeta” and with him the bigg boss ” frieza”. The most famous line of this show becomes the “KAMEHAMEHA” the powerful energy ball of attack and the real term call “CHI” the internal energy used in martial arts.

  • POKEMON

Pokemon was the only anime amongst the other animes whose mostly all season were broadcasted hindi dubbed in India. Story revolves around the main character Ash and his first pokemon Pikachu and his group of friends Misty and Broke, which he make during his journey to become a pokemon master was divided into many season based on regions while catching more pokemon to become more powerful. Most of the pokemon got popularity among kids, who chooses their own favourite pokemon and most popular was the one called pikachu, Bulbasaur, Charizard etc. This anime was the only one which was popular among all age group and gender kids because it involves both cute pokemon and the one who can fight.

  • TAKESHI’S CASTLE

Takeshi’s castle even being not an anime but still make it to this list as the fun and entertaining show is being among the kids was overwhelming in India and viewership wasn’t limited to just the kids but to adults also well with the show being what is was its expected to be like that. The fun format of the show was to have contestant over 80 to 150 people whom General Tani forced to participate in some series of physical challenges to eliminate half of the contestants and put them against his own henchmen and Count Takeshi in the FINAL SHOWDOWN. The best and fun part of the show find by the Indian viewer is the funny and witty commentary and comments by comedian Javed Jaffrey on the beaten and eliminated contestants. The funny henchmen and twisted and sadistic challenges were the attraction for the kids who find it funny and entertaining.

Malnutrition a growing problem

Malnutrition is one of the most dangerous growing problem in this modern world. Now when we are talking about malnutrition many people have misconception about what malnutrition actually means.

According to WHO Malnutrition, in all its forms, includes undernutrition (wasting, stunting, underweight), inadequate vitamins or minerals, overweight, obesity, and resulting diet-related noncommunicable diseases.

So in simple sense there are two types of malnutrition when is under-nourished and the other is over-nourished. Today actually there are more obese adults than undernourished one.ie., about 1.9 billion are obese and 462 million are under-nourished. And there are 45% of the death caused children under 5 years of age is due to malnutrition.

So we can actually see that how this situation has been worse for the children and for the adults and even for the senior citizens too. We need to focus on how to atleast give them two times meal a day which, actually will help them to survive at least.

Government should come up with policies and programs which could help them. And from our side we can give whatever surplus is with us or we can work with NGOs to provide these people at least one time of meal if we can.

This article is mainly written to to highlight this problem which is actually now been overshadowed due to the covid-19 situation. But we have to consider the fact that covid has make their condition more worse. From belonging to at least a middle class family we should do something from a site to help the needy. And the people those who are suffering from obesity should try

The Social Media

Social networking sites- these three words bring a very large world together on a single platform and in a simple and easy way. If we see the positive side, there are a number of benefits of social networking. How can we forget that how social media helped Malala Yusufzai become the youngest nominee for the noble peace prize. It were these sites only which made it possible not only for her but for 1000s of girls like her to have higher education. The social media has been playing a crucial role in making todayโ€™s teens aware about the events around globe by just one click. Social media has proven to be the fastest medium to update ourselves with daily world events. Social media updates every single second bringing the entire world together every second. Although globalisation has to be given its due credit for bringing the world closer economically and further culturally but it is social media platforms that have made it possible for a person in India to watch a French show at the comfort of their home and without any extra cost. With these social networking sites not only now people could talk, interact, respond to someone in the opposite corner of the world but can also be there without actually being there.

Social networking sites have provided a platform for protesting in some rather unusual but effective ways, from BLACKLIVESMATTER to METOO to BRINGBACKOURGIRLS and many more social media have been proved to be the best way of protesting for the right and just cause. As social media does not connect people from just one city or country but all over the world the movements on social media have a greater impact and helps in bringing greater good in the society. Back in 2013 people from different parts of India were able to raise funds from different campaigns on Facebook, Twitter for Uttrakhand flood victims. In 2014 John Bunnel, a US based sheriff was able to mobilize 5000 youngster for a basic life support training campaign only through Facebook campaign. Our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi has been able to reach to a million people of our country on a personal level through his social media and special programme MANN KI BAAT. These sites made a 14 year old boy Ahammad Mohammed in America fight against the injustice he felt in his school for wearing a handmade watch. It was twitter and facebook only that brought on him the focus of the then President of USA Barack Obama and then later earned him a scholarship too.

There is no doubt that in todayโ€™s modern era whether it is a motion of physics or politics of civics we can get all the useful links by just a single click. In no means we can deny that internet has changed everything for good and it is social media that has made it so flexible. It only depends on us, how we take it, as a head or as a tail. Social networking is an ever changing fad which in every field from communication to examination has become our supporting tool. Today no one can even imagine a life without these social networking sites. From dusk to dawn, from entertainment to welfare, our lives now run on these media platform platforms. And as harmful as itโ€™s over usage is as beneficial is its appropriate use.

If Winter Comes, Can Spring Be Far Behind?

This proverb is quite optimistic in nature. It reflects positivity in life. By this quote, we can infer the idea that, if anything unfortunate happens in life, one must not lose hope or feel depressed. Rather, one shall understand that life is a moving cycle of joys and sorrows. Just as happiness, elation and good times even sadness, hindrances and challenges are a part and parcel of human life.

One shall learn to cherish every moment of life. There exists a Chinese Symbol – YIN YANG. It describes the opposite forces of life and and how both are necessary in their own ways. If life is covered with dark clouds, it will also a have a hidden ray of sunshine. If cold-dark times appear and good times begin to fade away, spring will also enter and things will blossom back. If hardships occur, we must not lose hope but must wait for spring, which will bring back the warmth and happiness.

CHINESE SYMBOL – YIN YANG

Such is the story of Chantelle Whitney Brown Young aka Winnie Harlow, who was diagnosed with Vetiligo at the age of four. She started experiencing depigmentation of her skin, characterized by black and white patches all over her body. Throughout her young age she experienced a lot of body shaming and bullying. She overcame her nervousness and started working as a professional model at the age of 16. She appeared as a contestant on America’s Next Top Model and rose to glory. She says, “I always say, focus on your own opinion about yourself, rather than the opinions of others.” Winnie did not let her hardships cause an obstacle in her dreams. She has bagged several campaigns till date and has redefined beauty.

Winnie Harlow – Model

Walt Disney, a pioneer of the animation industry, an entrepreneur and producer was the fourth of five children of Elias Disney, a farmer and carpenter by profession. Sir Walt Disney was raised in a family which had a hand to mouth condition. Yet, he rose through adversities and co-founded one of the best motion picture productions in the world, along with amusement parks such as Disneyland and Disney World. He followed a can-do attitude throughout and himself brought spring to his life.

Walt Disney

British writer, screenplay director and philanthropist J.K Rowling is the author of the seven series of Harry Potter which is close to the heart of several Potterheads. Between the age 23-28 Rowling was diagnosed with Clinical depression. Her first Harry Potter pitch was rejected 12 times by different publishing houses. This was her bad phase. After several times of convincing, Bloomsbury accepted to publish her novel. Today, Harry Potter is the best-selling book serie in the world with about 500 million copies sold.

J K ROWLING

In the same manner, putting light on the current scenario, with the onset of the global Covid-19 pandemic, people had almost lost hopes on human existence in the following years. There remained a period of utter darkness and gloom. Nations were shut down according to the Lockdown norms. But gradually, doctors began to find out ways to treat patients. Currently there’s a scenario where there is ample availability of medicines and vaccines to treat the virus.

Frontline Staff

Therefore, there is no reason to get disheartened if things do not go according to one’s wish. There will surely come a time when lively spring will appear and things will turn out accordingly. And indeed-God helps those who help themselves. We should be the first ones to take ourselves out of any unfortunate event. Thus, one should ask oneself in times of adversities, “If winter is here can spring be far behind?”

What has led today’s younger generation to be devoted towards the Korean language and its culture & where can you meet native Korean speakers in India? 

Rise of the Korean culture:

The vibrant and mind-blowing Korean culture has fascinated a lot of youth as of today’s date. The culture and its awesomeness have urged lots of youths as well as adults to learn the Korean language, so that it could be easier to watch K-dramas and also K-POP songs. The influence of the culture has urged lots of people to major in Korean language in India. As a result, people not only throng the institutes where Korean language is being taught, but also opt for those classes online even from rural areas. In the past decades, people were eager to learn 

Western languages like French, German, Spanish etc., and would spend tons of dollars learning these.

Obsession towards the culture and it’s language:

 The Korean industry is on the pinnacle of its glory due to its technology, K- beauty and K-pop. It has inspired a significant population of the youth, converting people into Korean language learners and Korean culture enthusiasts. Additionally, it also inspires them to meet native Korean speakers, so that they could learn from them and watch Korean dramas with ease instead of relying on the English subtitles. Moreover, it lets you experience the culture with deep insight and also helps you to learn the language more fluently. Today, the number of Korean language learners has increased exponentially in India especially during the pandemic which led them to enroll for different Korean language courses online, where they find proper guidance.  Nonetheless, meeting a native speaker can add a huge impact. 

Where can you meet Korean native speakers?

1.Hellotalk-A social media app designed for users to learn and exchange language and cultures. 

2.Meff-Another social media app to make connections and friendships through social media. 

3.Churches-You can find lots of Korean native speakers at churches as well, especially on   

   Sundays (it specifically includes metro cities). 

4.Korean Restaurants-Another great place where you can find native speakers. 

5.Tourist spots-Taj Mahal has never ceased to surprise and captivate the hearts of Koreans. It 

   tops the list of the touristsโ€™ spots that are chosen by Koreans during their visits to India. Yes!!!! 

   every year there is a huge multitude of Koreans visiting the Taj Mahal. 

#korea#korean#Korean Language#foreignlanguage#kdramas#kpop#culture

3 Great inventions with simple engineering techniques – Catseyes, Fountain pen, Safety pin

Cats eyes โ€“ Road Reflectors

When you are driving at night, you see reflective objects on road. These objects reflect the light and guide people to drive safely. It may seem so simple, but the idea of this invention came in an interesting way. One night in 1933 when the road mender Percy Shaw was driving home in Yorkshire, he saw the light of his car headlamps reflected in the eyes of a cat beside the road. This gave Shaw the inspiration that by replicating this effect he could produce a practical way of helping drivers navigate poorly lit roads. Shawโ€™s challenge was to create a device bright enough to illuminate roads at night, robust enough to cope with cars constantly driving across it, and that also required minimum maintenance. Shaw came up with a small device that could be inserted into the road as a marker. It consisted of fur glass beads placed in two pairs facing in opposite directions, embedded in a flexible rubber dome. When vehicles drove over the dome, the rubber contracted and the glass beads dropped safely beneath the road surface. The device was even self-cleaning. The cast-iron base collected rainwater and whenever the top of the dome was depressed, the rubber would wash the water across the glass beads to cleanse away any grime, just as the eye is cleaned by tears. The patent for the catseye was registered in 1934. And in 2001 the product was voted the greatest design of the twentieth century, ahead even of Concorde.

Percy Shaw – Catseyes in 1934

Fountain pen

The invention of the modern fountain pen is really more a story of perfection than invention. In 1883, more than fifty years after the fountain pen was first invented, a New York insurance broker, Lewis waterman, was set to sign an important contract and decided to honor the occasion by using the standard ink-filled pen of the day. However, fountain pens were notoriously unreliable, especially in their capacity to regulate their ink low, so that it could not be signed, waterman decided to do something about it. Within a year Lewis waterman had designed the worldโ€™s first practical, usable, and virtually leak proof fountain pen. To regulate the flow of ink he successfully applied the principle of capillary action, with the inclusion of a tiny air hole in the nib of the along with grooves in the feeder mechanism to control the flow of ink from his new leak proof reservoir to the rib.

As early as the beginning of the eighteenth century, the chief instrument-marker to the king of France, M.Bion, crafted fountain pens with nibs, five of which survive to this day. The first steel pen point was manufactured in 1828, thought to be invented by Petrache Poenaru, and in the 1830s the invented James Perry had several unsuccessful attempts at designing nibs that employed the principle of capillary action. But it was Lewis waterman who overcome every obstacle and crafted a successful pen. It was so successful that by 1901, two years after watermanโ€™s death, more than 350,000 pens of his design were sold worldwide.

Safety pin

When it comes to simple engineering, we canโ€™t avoid safety pin. This useful object is found in households across the globe, it even gained status as a fashion accessory, with the movement in 1970s. Walter Hunt was a New York mechanic who, in 1849, sat wondering how to pay off a $15 loan. He spent around three hours twisting a length of wire in his fingers before he created the answers to his problems, the humble safety pin. Pins were by no means a new idea, having existed for centuries before Walterโ€™s twist on the design. However, his creation was unique as it provided a solution to the potential problem of pricking oneself with the old style variety. His pin has a clip at the top which locks the pin and keeps us safe from not pricking. At the bottom it has a spring like structure made by bending the same pin to maintain the tension of the pin. Hunts design was patented in April 1849, and he sold the rights to his creditor, clearing a $385 profit. Unfortunately hunt had no idea how popular his invention was set to become. Even after 150 years, we are using this safety pin which works on a very simple engineering.  He also designed Americaโ€™s first sewing machine with an eye pointed needle. But fearing the loss of jobs his creation may cause, he did not patent the idea. It was left to a fellow American, Elias Howe, to claim the credit for this invention some twenty years later.

โ€œA man who could invent a safety pin . .  . was truly a mechanical genius . . .โ€ โ€“ New York Times

MEANING AND TYPES OF EATING DISORDERS

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) recognizes Eating Disorders as a serious mental health condition characterized by unhealthy dietary habits and an obsession with body image, weight and food. This can affect any gender but women have a higher risk of getting affected.

SYMPTOMS

  • Avoiding meals
  • Often checking oneself in the mirror
  • Self isolation. Not interacting with people where food is involved
  • Keeping a check on calories, carbs and content of food eaten
  • Often feeling tiresome
  • Episodes of fainting or feeling dizzy
  • Sudden increase or decrease in body weight
  • Low immunity

Causes

  • Low self esteem
  • Facing other mental disorders such as Depression, Anxiety, O.C.D, etc
  • Impulsivity
  • Strongly following a particular thinking
  • Experience of traumatic events such as bullying or peer pressure in the past
  • Body image dissatisfaction

TYPES OF EATING DISORDERS

PICA

It is a disorder characterized by craving and consumption of non-food materials. It is mostly found to affect children and pregnant women. Common cravings include chalk, clay, ice chips, glue, soap, etc. People suffering from PICA are found to have nutritional deficiency, stomach pain and damaged teeth. The most common causes may include autism, malnourishment, schizophrenia or pregnancy. Advice of a trained medical practitioner is essential to treat this disorder. A doctor may advice the patient to consume Vitamin supplements if the disorder is caused due to Vitamin deficiency. For a person suffering from other mental health disorders including Pica, the doctor may evaluate him/her accordingly and prescribe psychological therapy. For people having intellectual problems, Pica may last throughout their term of life, while for pregnant women and children, it may fade over a couple of months with accurate treatment.

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

This disorder leads people to obsessively think about their body weight and often see themselves as bulky. Patients follow self starvation and keep a high control over what they consume in order to lose as much weight as possible. They often end up having a life threatening low BMI (body mass index). They follow an intake of medicines and induce puking in order to minimise the calories. It is a complex emotionally stressful condition showing behaviors such as following an extreme exercise routine, constantly weighing themselves, paranoid thinking about weight gain, limiting the consumption of meals, feeling anxious or depressed and social isolation. Low confidence, experience of tragic events, societal pressure, etc may contribute in occurrence of Anorexia Nervosa. Medication, counselling with the family and peer, mineral supplements, dietary advice, cognitive behavioral therapy can help resolve the causative factors of Anorexia Nervosa.

NIGHT EATING SYNDROME

According to this syndrome, patients awaken during the nocturnal period and consume food for a period of more than twice a week. It can affect people from all genders. Night eating episodes or excess consumption of food after having an evening meal is associated with NES. It is quite similar to binge eating, wherein a person is unable to control the urge to eat a large amount of food in a short time span. Symptoms include consumption of more calories in the evening, lack of appetite in the morning, skipping breakfast for more than four mornings a week, misinterpretation that eating in such a manner will induce a better sleep, dull mood, etc. Treatment comprises of physiological methods such as maintenance of a healthy sleep habit, consumption of a healthy diet, gaining emotional support, regularly exercising . Application of other strategies like preventing a response to cravings, self monitoring and increasing consumption of food in the daytime is proven helpful.

ORTHOREXIA NERVOSA

People suffering from this disorder have a mania to ingest only healthy and pure food. This disorder makes the desire to eat the right kind of food so intense that, if one consumes unhealthy or imperfect kind of food, they end up fasting or punishing themselves for it. People suffering from it, will often find themselves surfing through food research sites, convincing themselves that the food they have eaten up was pure, being wary of sickness, fearing to eat food served at unknown places or by unknown people over the thoughts that it might not be according to their set standards, etc. This disorder may be a product of consumption of intoxicants, traumatic childhood dietary illness, fear of a developing a disease, etc.

Along with the above mentioned eating disorders, there are numerous other related disorders. According to statistical research, about 70 million people across the globe are diagnosed with an eating disorder once in their lifetime. Among these approximately 10,200 people die annually, due to an eating disorder. It erodes personal relationships, causes psychological stress and major physical complications. Hence, we can conclude that suffering from any eating disorder disrupts day to day living and thus needs a timely diagnosis, medical intervention and treatment.

Music a Therapy

Music a word which we all love to listen and we always love to listen music as well. Music relaxes our mind. Music listening to music makes us happy. Today everybody whenever they get little bit of their time they listen to music.

It has become an integral part of our life, we can’t even think of a life without music. We have music for every situation. It is scientifically proven that music has many good effects on our health. It helps us to relax from a busy life, it helps to change your mind when we are not feeling good, it booster moral to do something I.e., motivates us, it helps us to work out by giving us inspiration to do it, it helps to forget our tension etc.

Music has actually become a therapy today. Everyone have airpods, earphones, headphones which they use while working out to listen to music to have an inspiration to do it more fast or properly. We hear music in functions which makes us feel very happy with actually enhance is the party or function.

When we hear energetic music automatically feel like dancing which helps is to feel happy. And in Indian weddings we can’t even think of weddings without music and Nagin Dance too.

Whatever be your mode music is always there to motivate you to do better I just to make you happy and enjoy. It actually and has a thinking ability. So there are so many positive effects of listening music so, you do listen to music but, do take care of your ears too, don’t listen it in very high volume. And listen to positive music.

Yoga an Ancient way of Modern Living

Yoga an ancient Indian practice of balancing your body and mind. This is the actual modern way of living as in the stressful life we have forgot in the mean essence of life. Yoga helps us to be fit mentally as well as physically.

Now the whole world has realised the power of yoga. Even the UN has announced 21st june as the international yoga day. Now the whole world is doing yoga and are actually paralyzing the benefits of it.

It is scientifically proven that doing yoga helps you to calm your blood pressure, anxiety, stress and is capable of curing any diseases if done in right manner. It makes your body more flexible and yoga is actually a way of living.

It is really proud moment for India as an Indian ancient practice is now valued in the whole world and is given the Prestige which it deserves. One of the best thing of doing yoga is that it doesn’t have any side effect. Anyone can do it it doesn’t need any prior fitness or anything you can start with simple yoga.

Just if you introduce your car in your daily routine even for 15 minutes it will really give good benefits to your health which you will realise. Yoga has actually become a modern science. So if you are doing yoga please do it on a regular basis and if you are not doing your please start doing it as it has really very good effects on your mental as well as Physical health.

Gandhi Jayanti

2nd October, Gandhi Jayanti ,a date which needs no introduction. Father of our nation Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on this day. He was one of the strongest pillar for India during in struggle for freedom from British era.

He was very different from other freedom fighters. He believed in the concept of nonviolence and self sufficiency. His personality has impressed many leaders around the world like Martin Luther King Jr, Nelson Mandela, Einstein and even the Britishers one of those.

He was a gentleman who gained law degree in London and came back to the India and I was so touched by the living conditions of the people here that he decided to be one of them. He wore a dhoti and thin cloth on upper body.

He was a man of principle, in his aashram he did all of his work on his own and teach the same lesson to his followers. He was a tiny man but having a great speed. He walked miles on his foot that too with great speed, matching his speed was not easy.

He always live for his countrymen and tried to solve their problems and dedicated whole of his life for the country. He fought the fight of freedom with never compromising his principles. That’s the reason he was given the title of ‘Father of India’.

Evolution of motorcars mechanism

It is difficult, to imagine a world without the motorcar. Back in the 1700s, some of the very first cars were powered by stream engines. When German engineer Karl Benz drove a motorcar tricycle I 1885 and fellow Germans Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach converted a horse down carriage into a four wheeled motorcar in august 1886, none of them could have imagined the effects of their invention. Benz recognized the great potential of petrol as a fuel. His three wheeled car had a top speed of just ten miles (16 km) per hour with its four-stroke, one cylinder engine. After receiving his patent in January 1886, he began selling the Benz Velo, but the public doubted its reliability. Benzโ€™s wife Bertha had a brilliant idea to advertise the new car. In 1886 she took it on a 60 mile (100 km) trip from Mannheim to near Stuttgart. Despite having to push the car up hills, the success of the journey proved to a skeptical public that this was a reliable mode of transport.

Daimler and Maybach did not produce commercially feasible cars until 1889. Initially the German inventions did not meet with much demand, and it was French companies like Panhard at Levassor that redesigned and popularized the automobile. In 1926 Benzโ€™s company merged to form the Daimler Benz company. Benz had left his company in 906 and, remarkably, he and Daimler never met. Due to higher incomes and cheaper, mass produced cars, the United States led in terms of motorization for much of the twentieth century. This kind of movement has, however, come at a cost. Some 25 million people are estimation to have died in car accidents worldwide during the twentieth century. Climate changing exhaust gases and suburban sprawl are but two more of the consequences of a heavy reliance on the automobile.

Karl Benz with his wife Bertha, the first motor car (1885)

Invention of the clutch

Almost all historians agree that clutch was developed in Germany in the 1880s. Daimler met Maybach while they were working for Nikolaus Otto, the inventor of the internal combustion engine. In 1882 the two set up their own company, and from 1885 to 1886 they built a four-wheeled vehicle with a petrol engine and multiple gears. The gears were external, however, and engaged by winding belts over pulleys to drive each selected gear. In 1889, they developed a closed four- speed gearbox and a friction clutch to powers the gears, this car was the first to be marketed by the Daimler motor campy in 1890. Without a clutch, if the car engine is running the wheels keep turning. For the car to stop without stalling, the wheels and engine must be separated by a clutch. A friction clutch consists of a flywheel mounted to engine side. The clutch originates from the drive shaft and is a large metal plate covered with a frictional material. When the flywheel and clutch make contract, power is then transmitted to the wheels.

Patent drawings of first motorcar – Karl Benz

Gears in Motorcars

Karl Benz was the first to add a second gear to his machine and also invented the gear shift to transfer between the two. The suggestion for this additional gear came from Benzโ€™s wife, Bertha, who drove the three-wheeled Motorwagen 65 miles from Mannheim to Pforzheim – the first long distance automobile trip. The gears allow the engine to the maintained at its most efficient rpm while altering the relative speed of the drive shaft to the wheels. Gears originally required double clutching, where the clutch had to be depressed to disengage the first gear from the drive shaft, and then released to allow the correct rpm for the new gear to be selected. The clutch was then pressed again to engage the drives shaft with the new gear. Modern cars use synchronized which use friction to match the speeds of the new gear and he shaft before the teeth of the gears engage, meaning that the clutch only needs to be presses once.

โ€œOne thing I feel most passionately about: love of invention will never dieโ€ โ€“ Karl Benz

The Refugees

โ€œTaking Mumโ€™s hand, I whispered โ€˜Are we really safe, here?โ€™ โ€

Alwyn Evans (Walk in my Shoes)

Everyone has a right to make his/ her life happy and fruitful but the refugees have to pay a high price for this quality life. The refugees are the most affected people, in todayโ€™s globalised world. Refugees are people who are outside their home country because of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. Displacement is a long, lasting reality for most refugees. We need to bring them out of the situation which they face at borders of different countries. We all know that refugees deserve much better treatment on the borders of the countries than they are able to get. Migration has long been part of our human history, but the current Afghan crisis has shown that countries must accept refugees into their sovereign states. Although we all know the countries with refugees have special security but still we are not ready to take responsibility of human. All the countries know the process to bring refugees or displaced people to a stable life in their country. But still one fact is that we are not ready for this responsibility. Why? No one knows, but what all we should know is the way to make refugeesโ€™ life stable as readily as possible. Countries have potential to make life better and even best for refugees but the problem is that we are not taking refugees a collective responsibility. But still there are some super ways to help refugees collectively (by different countries).

All the countries should investigate trafficking gangs who exploit refuges and migrants, and put peopleโ€™s safety above all. Governments also need to stop blaming refugees and migrants for economic and social problems. Even if governments allow refugees to enter their country, they should not treat them as worthless creatures as they are intruders. Opening up safe routes for refugees is one important solution to the problem. When people are assured about their security, they too start feeling safe though they have a lot of crisis in their country related to their country related to their health and housing, yet they have faith in those country members who by giving equal rights and opportunities assure them that they will definitely be able to live comfortable and happy life. Resettlement is vital solution for the most refugees. And whether they travel by land, or by sea, they should be allowed to cross borders, with or without travel documents. Though countries are not forced to make refugees a part of them, still if they allow some of them to enter, they would definitely be one of the countries who appreciate their courage to come out of drastic situations just to ensure good future on their own basis but what all they want is some support of the country and its permission to enter that particular country.

As we all know women are essential part of a family and a nation. The condition of migrant and displayed women has become the worst. Refugee women, who lose their homes, families, husbands, have to face some very devastating situations during migration. They have to go through different critical situations of rape, sexual and physical harassment and violence. Even the girls of five to twelve years of age have to face such unfortunate incidents which haunt them throughout their lives. Women are more required to migrate than men as they have to face more violence than men. Single parent with her children needs to be concerned more. When females try to cross the borders of the other countries, they are locked with men who are unknown to them, which make the situation worse than ever.

All these incidents of misfortune, violence and harassment can be stopped if we all take a collective step against them countries should accept women as their part of the nation. They should make efforts to make women safe, and secure from these kinds of situations. All the countries should make more migration policies for women and children. For women and children, different routes for migration should be made. If their cases are pending, they should be allowed to live in quarters but not with men of other families. If women refugees are being oppressed, their cases should be recognized and they should be given justice. For children, policies like keeping them away from gang exploiters should be formed. Children who get separated from their parents should be kept in safe places. Special security forces should be there to safeguard children and women. So it is not important that whatever we do alone could gain better results, things done collectively are more beneficial for people who are real heroes, who leave their home and nation for betterment, who we call victims of misfortune, โ€œTHE REFUGEESโ€.

About that author- Rudyard Kipling

Rudyard Kipling, a journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist who is best known among us for his novel the jungle book, was an eminent  20th century writer. Kipling became the youngest person and till this date is the youngest person to receive the award in 1907, at the age of 41.

Life  

Rudyard Kipling was born in 1865, in Mumbai, India, which was a British colony during that time. He was born to John Lockwood Kipling and Alice Kipling. His father was an artist and an architect who used to work at an art school in Mumbai.

He spent his early childhood in India as an Anglo-Indian and at the age of 6 went to Britain and was vaguely perplexed with his identity, a topic he lightly touches on in his later work. In Britain, Kipling did not live with his parents; instead they left both Rudyard and his younger sister with a foster family. During this time, the couple that were looking after the siblings did not treat him very well. In his autobiography Something of Myself for My Friends Known and Unknown, which was published posthumously , Kipling looks back at this period of  his life with dread. Kipling felt abandoned and isolated throughout his childhood. First he was abandoned by his parents and then he was neglected in his foster home too.

In 1877 Kiplingโ€™s mother returned to England and pulled her children out of that foster home. The very next year, he was sent to the United Services College in Devon, where students would be prepared for the army. 

Career 

Towards the end of the school, Kipling dropped out as his family did not have enough money to send him to college so instead his father secured a job for him in India and worked as an editor and a journalist for a newspaper. This was the beginning of his journalistic career. It was in India that Kipling started to publish his collection of short stories. He published Plain Tales from the Hills in 1888 and he published 6 volumes of short stories which included soldiers Three, The Phantom Rickshaw; between 1887 and 1889. By the end of this decade, Kipling gained so much popularity that he was being considered one of the best prose writers of his time.

He left India in 1889 and went to San Francisco during this journey he met The Adventures of Tom Sawyer writer Mark Twain.

In 1892, he married Caroline Balestier and the couple lived in America before moving to England. In this decade Kipling he produced work that he is most known for, like ย The Light That Failed in 1891, The Jungle Book in 1894, The Seven Seasย  in 1896, a collection of poems, ย Captains Courageous in 1897.

In 1907, at the age of 41, he became the youngest and the first Englishman to receive the Nobel Prize for literature. Kipling is thought to be an imperialist; his ideology at that time and even during this time is not accepted by people  and has been long criticized for the same. However, he was a very popular writer of his time.

About that author- Charles Bukowski

โ€œWe are here to laugh at the odds and live our lives so well that Death will tremble to take us.โ€

This very famous quote by Charles Bukowski gives us an idea about the kind of individual he was. He was the kind of poet who wrote whatever was in his heart, whenever it was. He always spoke about a part of himself that exists inside us all but we choose to silence it. Bukowski, afraid of that part, still chooses to give it a voice through his poems.

Life 

Charles Bukowski was a German-American poet, writer known for the violent imagery he tries to depict with his writing. Bukowski left his home in Los Angeles to move to New York to pursue writing. In New York he took up a lot of odd jobs so that he could continue to write, but he did not see much success during that period of his life.

Career 

Charles Bukowski published his first story, titled  “Aftermath of a Lengthy Rejection Slip” in 1944, at the age of 24 in a magazine. He published another story titled “20 Tanks from Kasseldown” about 2 years later in 1946, but unfortunately he failed to make a breakthrough and was left disappointed. Bukowski wrote a lot, was published too little and received even less recognition. This led him to quit writing or rather take a break from writing in the year 1946.

Now, one could say that Bukowski did not do anything during his hiatus but I disagree. During these years Bukowski gathered material for his future work. He moved back to Los Angeles and lived the life of a hippie and wandered around the country staying in cheap places. He would travel. drink alcohol and observe. The observations are talked about in his later published books.

Bukowski talked about the harsh and crude reality of existence and is known for his raw and bare writing.

After a hiatus of almost a decade, Bukowski got back to writing. In the mid 1950s he was hospitalized for a fatal bleeding ulcer. After being released from the hospital he started to write poetry, at the age of 35. Charles Bukowski, in 1957 married Barbara Frye, who later died in India. This incident resulted in Bukowski going back to alcohol and writing poetry.

By this time, Bukowskiโ€™s poems were published in literary magazines. But still he was unable to see the success he very much deserved. In the 1960s, he published a lot of poems and short stories and only tasted success in his 50s.

Bukowski spent more than half of his life writing and not seeing any considerable amount of success. He did not give up, in fact there was no point in him giving up because he was not one of the writers who wrote to achieve success, he wrote because he was extraordinarily in love with his art. He did not try to be a writer, in fact he didnโ€™t try to be anything but true to himself and his work. He did not force himself to write, evident by his decade long hiatus. He thought that there had been too many writers in the past who forced themselves to try, whereas in his opinion if you truly love an art form you wouldnโ€™t have to try, it would come to the artist. In his opinion if you had to try to be or do something you shouldnโ€™t try at all. Even his grave has the words โ€œdonโ€™t tryโ€ engraved on it.

He died in 1994, due to leukemia after living an adventurous and fulfiled life. 

MARKETING AND ITS TYPES

Marketing is any activity undertaken by an individual or a firm consisting of a set of processes such as creation, communication, delivery, and exchange of goods or services that have value to the clients, customers and the society as a whole. Pursuits such as conceptualization, promotion and exchange of ideas aid in satisfying the needs of the clientele. Marketing of an existing or new product or service is essential for mass awareness, maintaining brand credibility, building trust among the buyers and ultimately to increase sales. Marketing can be done through varied methods as per the requirements and convenience of a firm.

TRADITIONAL MARKETING

It is among the oldest marketing strategies followed across the world. The success rate in this type of a marketing strategy is higher as it has been tried and tested for a number of years. This includes all offline marketing strategies which help to reach out to the target audience. It may be in the form of pamphlets, bill boards, posters, FM- radio, newspapers, etc.

For Example – The footwear market is lead by brands such as Nike, Adidas, Puma, Sketchers, etc. Consumers often get attracted by looking at the advertisements of these brands on the front page of newspapers, magazines or over bill boards as well.

INFLUENCER MARKETING

Individuals having a multitude of followers are asked to endorse a product over their channel/website for a decided amount of commission fee. These influencers make use of their fame and status to market that particular brand or product to their target audience. This technique certainly helps to boost sales as a known famous person recommends a company’s product/service and it does increase the visibility of that brand.

For instance – Allen Solly employed this strategy by leading the campaign of #shootforsolly. They invited over 20 influencers to market their new product – Chinos. These influencers were asked to pair Allen Solly Chinos alongside a tee of their choice and participate in a photoshoot. This technique helped the brand reach over about 3.2 million impressions.

AFFINITY MARKETING

It’s a Win-Win situation for both the brands engaging into this type of a marketing strategy. Expansion of the business through a partnership (co-branding), wherein two related brands get along and sell their product is known as affinity marketing. This approach helps satisfy the needs of the end users in a greater manner.

For instance – Taco bell (a popular fast-food chain) got along with Doritos (brand selling flavoured tortilla chips) to offer a merged food preparation called as Doritos Locos Tacos. These two brands made it to a 500 million sales mark over a period of just 14 months.

BUZZ MARKETING

It is a marketing tactic wherein brands intentionally create videos, advertisements, bill-boards that are comical, funny, outrageous or controversial. It is a unique marketing strategy to get your brand to become the talk of the town. It intends to create excitement and enthusiastic anticipation among the people.

For instance – AMUL, an Indian dairy product brand, published a cartoon picture advertisement depicting a Chinese Dragon. The picture said, “Exit the Dragon?” Public took this advertisement as an endorsement of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ and ‘Boycott of goods made in China’. This particular endorsement made rounds on the Internet.

SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING

We live in the times where, more than one person from every family is active on Social Media sites such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, so on and so forth. Thus, marketeers take it into consideration that posting content on social media sites will definitely boost sale. In the Covid-19 Pandemic, brand endorsers looked at social media as a boon, as they could reach out to their potential clients through online modes.

For instance – Dettol (a British brand producing cleaning supplies and disinfectants), launched their Dettol Anthem on YouTube in India during the pandemic. This fetched many views, likes and also lead to a boost in their sales. The Anthem says, ‘Mil Ke Harayenge’ ( English Translation – Together we will defeat it).

Marketing is one of the most exciting branches of a business. With the changing times, even the marketing strategies are blooming and undergoing a change. Along with meeting the organization’s set targets even customer satisfaction is greatly taken care of. With a global exchange of ideas and technology the methods of marketing are evolving and will reach greater heights in the upcoming years.

Pets A True Friend

Having a pet at home, may be a dog, cat or any other animal makes you feel like a family and a companion. For a pet owners become their whole world. They are always loyal towards their owner, they are actually like parent to them.

There are many scientific proven positive effects on mental and social well being while having a pet at your home. They never let you feel alone, they are always around you. They sense your feelings and try to make you happy always. They can’t speak in our language but, they can understand and we can understand them too, there is actually an internal connection with them.

Having a pet miss you more social as you always have to take them for a walk that also help in having a physical exercise for us too. The help us connect to the people. Once you have a pet you actually have a family member with you which never lets you be lonely.

l just want to say that please care for your pets, don’t ever leave them as where whole world is you can’t live without you. Teacher responsibility of paint only when you can take care of them till the last breath don’t leave them alone in the middle of an ocean.

Be a good pet owner. Be like their parent and care for them as your child, play with them as friend and treat them as your family.

why Higgs Boson is called as the ‘God Particle’?

In 1964 peter Higgs with five scientists proposed a theory called the Higgs mechanism to explain the existence of mass in the universe. Before 1930s, atoms were considered as the fundamental particles. Then we found electron, protons and neutrons as atomic particles. Later we found that protons and neutrons are made up of even more small fundamental particles called quarks. Quarks are the fundamental building blocks for the whole universe. The key evidence for the existence of these elementary particles came from a series of inelastic electron-nucleon scattering experiments conducted between 1967 and 1973 at the Stanford linear accelerator center. They are commonly found in protons and neutrons. There are six types of quarks, up quark, down quark, top quark, bottom quark, strange quark, charm quark. They can have positive (+) or negative (-) electric charge. Up, charm and top quarks have a positive 2/3 charge. Down, strange, bottom quarks have a negative 1/3 charge. So protons are positive because there are two quarks (+2/3) ups and one down quark (-1/3), giving a net positive charge (+2/3+2/3-1/3 =1). These three quarks are known as valence quarks, but the proton could have an additional up quark and anti-up quark pair.

The Higgs field theory

In the second half of the 20th century, physicists made a developed a theory called a standard model of particle physics. They theorized about twelve fundamental particles that make up all matter, and four particles called bosons are responsible for three fundamental forces of nature. It includes strong force, weak force, and electromagnetism. Gravity is another force, it is not a part of this model but, it can be modeled using general relativity. With these fundamental particles in the standard model and gravity, we can build almost everything in the entire universe. However until 2012, the standard model was an underlying theory. Because all forces carrying particles should be massless. So, although the photons are massless, experiments show that the weak forces bosons have mass. So that was a promising model that could be used to explain our universe. But perhaps, it would need to be thrown out because it had the seemingly fatal flaw in being inconsistent regarding the way the weak force worked in the late 1950s physicists had no idea to resolve these issues all attempts to solve this problem. But indeed it created new theoretical problems. In 1964, Peter Higgs hypothesized that perhaps the force articles were massless but gained mass when they interacted with an energy field that is the reason for the existence of the entire universe.

During the very early moments following the big bang, in the universe, the elementary particles were massless and they were pure streams of energy that move at the speed of light. As the expansion of the universe was proceeding, density and temperature decreased below a certain key value. According to the theory, the Higgs field interacts with particles and can give them mass. It is theorized that different particles interact differently with the field, the particles that interact with it more intensely have greater mass and particles that donโ€™t interact with it that much have lower mass. Just imagine Higgs field as water, pointed shape objects interact lesser with water and cube shaped objects interact more with it. Some particles donโ€™t interact with the field like photons are massless. A fundamental part of the theory was the presence of a specific particle; itโ€™s called the Higgs boson. A boson that would allow the Higgs mechanism to unfold correctly to give mass to all other particles.

The Higgs Boson – CMS experiment

CERNโ€™s discovery of a new particle

Even though Higgs theorized it, scientists canโ€™t able to prove that until 2012. The particle accelerators had to possess a huge amount of energy to detect them. Finally, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the CERNโ€™s particle accelerator has been turned on in 2008 and managed to recreate the required energy and temperature conditions in 2012. The Higgs boson was finally experimentally detected and on 4th July, a conference held in the CERN auditorium announced the discovery of a particle compatible with the Higgs boson. The machine accelerates Hadron bundles at close to the speed of light and collides them each other in opposite directions. At four separate points the two beams cross, causing protons to smash into each other at enormous energies, with their destruction being witnessed by super-sensitive instruments. Even if LHC is the worldโ€™s largest particle accelerator, it had to work hard to detect Higgs boson. If the Higgs field doesnโ€™t exist, all particles in the universe will become absolutely weightless and fly around the universe in the speed of light. For This reason Higgs boson is often called as the โ€˜God particleโ€™.

“I never expected this to happen in my lifetime and shall be asking my family to put champagne in the fridge.”Peter Higgs

About that Author and her books: Sarah J. Maas

The queen of YA fantasy world, author of numerous books, including the throne of glass novellas, the renowned A Court Of Thorns And Roses series(ACOTAR), Crescent City, etc. all of which are ACTUALLY New York Times bestsellers, this 35 year-old author from New York, has created works that are read all over the world and loved incomparably. She currently lives in Pennsylvania with her husband Josh, her son Taran and her dog Annie. she first wrote her novel throne of glass when she was just 16, which turned out to be her debut novel when published after almost a decade. Though after writing several chapters of the novel, which was then titled queen of glass, she put it up on fictionpress.com, and got much adoration for it.

A wild spirit, Sarah continued writing the throne of glass series, which was then purchased by Bloomsbury, and published its last novel, kingdom of ash in 2018.

Her second set of novellas is A court of thorns and roses series( my personal favorite) which is inspired by the story of Beauty and the beast( also my favorite), first written in the year of 2009 but wasn’t published until 2015. the last book of this series was just published in early 2021, in the united states and some more countries. It is expected to be a virtual series on Hulu.

Her third novel, a TOME would be a more appropriate word for it, is the Crescent City series, who’s first book, house of earth and blood was published in 2018, and the publishing of the second book was just announced yesterday! (which is how I got the idea to write about her) It is publishing on February 22, 2022. I can’t wait!

Now comes the brief introduction to each of her novellas( while NOT giving the spoilers… I guess *winks awkwardly*)

A COURT OF THORNS AND ROSES

This a story of a huntress, a fierce, strong and bold huntress. involving Fae creatures, romance, wars and what not, this book will give you chills every time you read it. though, honestly speaking, the words mate, grinned and purred are used rather extensively, if you really get into the plot, you wont even notice it! it is that good.

CRESCENT CITY

Chronicles of a girl, a valiant girl named Bryce Quinlan, and a boy, a dark but kind boy named Hunt Athalar and the adventures they face for love. Though being a massive, gigantic tome, if you’re anything like me, I am sure you’ll read it in less than 4 days if you really get into the story. There is still an extensive use of the words grin, purr, and a rather peculiar way to write ‘hel’, but regardless of all of this, I love this book to death. memento mori, and read it now!

THRONE OF GLASS

a story about Calaena Sardothien, an assassin, a person whom everyone fears, Throne of glass series is Perfect for anybody who likes a Dark Romance kinda vibe. I am truthfully not the right person to descript this book as I am still on the fourth one, but, up till now, it is GOOD, so good. I would suggest you to read it with my utter heart.

About that artist- Artemisia Gentileschi

Artemisia Gentileschi is regarded as one of the most illustrious artists of the 17th century. She made a name for herself during a time when women were not allowed to be a part of art and cultural activities. Her paintings were a symbol of women empowerment of the Baroque period and yet are not well known.

Early life

Artemisia was born in 1593 in Rome Italy, to Orazio Gentileschi, a renowned painter at the time. Her father recognized her talent from an early age and encouraged her to paint. Her father was a huge follower of the remarkable Baroque painter Caravaggio and her own paintings were highly inspired by Caravagioโ€™s dramatic realism.  

Career

Gentileschiโ€™s earliest known work is Sussana and the Elders, who at the time of painting this was only 17. The painting shows a young woman Sussane taking a bath in her garden and two men with ill intentions and a predatory look towering over the young women. Sussane who obviously seems very vulnerable at the moment and can not do much but just confute the two men with her actions which go to waste. This painting is inspired from a tale in the book of daniel. This tale portrays Sussana taking a bath in her garden as two elders start spying and harassing her sexually. 

In 1611, an Italian landscape painter Agostino Tassi who was working under Orazio, went into their house and raped Artemisia. Orazio was under the impression that Tassi would be marrying her daughter to save the Gentileschi name from embarrassment but when Tassi refused to do so Orazio took him to trial. This was really tragic for the 17 year old Gentilesci, according to her father and all the other men in power her virginity was stolen but for her it was a part of her that was stripped away. As if this wasnโ€™t enough torture for her she was tortured with nails and screws at the trial to attest the authenticity of her testimony. Tassi was found guilty but did not serve any sentence owing to his relations with the pope.

A short while after the trial, her father married her off to a Florence based artist and moved to florence. This period of her life brought her tremendous success. She became the first woman to be accepted at the Academy of Design, Florence. This meant that she did not need permission from any man to buy art supplies, she could do it without any men controlling her.

In Florence, Gentileschi had developed her own style. She used tenebrism in her paintings which is a style of painting that uses light and dark contrasts and the dark becomes a dominating feature.

In 1620, she completed Judith Slaying Holofernes, which is inspired from a narrative in The Bible. Throughout the history of art many versions of this tale have been painted by multiple artists, even Caravaggio but Gentileschiโ€™s  version is more real and violent. This work of hers can be compared with her own traumatic experience, where Holofernes can be compared to Tassi and Judith is Gentileschi.

Now it is not that she was the first female painter ever but all the female artists that came before her chose still lives or aesthetically pleasing subject matters. Gentileschi on the other hand, portrayed women that were a subject to male oppression like herself and were raw. Yet she is not very well known in the 21st century. Gentileschiโ€™s work is empowering and a mark of early feminism and needs to be celebrated.

Social Etiquette

The term Social Etiquette refers to a normative acceptable behavior within a particular society, profession or group. Each one of us is expected to follow certain behavioral norms in order to harmoniously co-exist. Niceties make the atmosphere amicable. Social Etiquette are numerous in types,inclusive of Conversational etiquette, Business etiquette, Dining etiquette, Wedding etiquette, Sanitary etiquette, so on and so forth. Each kind of etiquette has its own GOLDEN RULES.

CONVERSATIONAL ETIQUETTE

  • Attempt to choose a common subject of talk rather than bombarding the other person with the talk of your own interest.
  • Always carefully listen first and speak later. Being a good listener is essential for a amiable conversation.
  • Avoid unnecessary interruptions such as speaking on a call while talking to somebody in person, fidgeting, etc.
  • Try not to sidetrack. Do not waste the other person’s valuable time on explaining unnecessary details.
  • Maintain a friendly eye contact with the person whom you are conversing with.
  • Avoid counter questioning the speaker’s talk.

BUSINESS ETIQUETTE

  • While at a workplace always try to use people’s names while greeting or talking to them. Also, make sure that you spell their names appropriately.
  • Show courtesy and respect towards all colleagues irrespective of their designations.
  • Avoid making your fellow workers or clients wait for you. Sincerely apologize for any delay caused.
  • Keep a crucial check on your verbal communication. Do not crack inappropriate puns or use offensive statements/words.
  • Handshakes are universal formal gestures. Let the subordinate shake hands with you first. If, he/she does not, you may offer a firm and confident handshake.

DINING ETIQUETTE

  • Avoid placing your personal items on the table on which the food will be served.
  • If dining with an employer, stay clear of ordering dishes which you have not tried before.
  • Maintain a proper posture while having your meal.
  • Be aware of the usage of different cutlery.
  • Do not begin eating unless everybody on the table has been served.
  • Avoid messy eating and chew with your mouth closed in order to maintain hygiene.
  • Attempt to Go Dutch (share the expenses). If, the meal has been hosted by the other person, always remember to express gratitude and thank them.

SANITARY ETIQUETTE

  • Patiently wait outside if there is a queue outside a washroom (at the theater, airport, restaurants,etc).
  • Maintain the necessary hygiene norms and leave the restroom clean once you are done.
  • Avoid chattering inside a restroom. Keeping other waiting outside is unacceptable.
  • If there are guests arriving at your home, stock your restroom with the crucial hygiene products. People may find it embarrassing to ask for it.
  • Politely ask the restroom attendent to clean up the public washroom in case if you find it unclean.
  • Never skip washing your hands with a disinfectant liquid or soap after you are done using the washroom.

ETHICS IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHAT YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO DO AND WHAT IS RIGHT TO DO

POTTER STEWART

Good manners always reflect a sense of consideration and respect for the people in the world we live in. Putting yourself before others shows dignity and has got to do nothing with subservience. Small individual efforts in following the essential etiquette will help take humanity towards different horizons. This will help promote kindness, respect and care across the globe.

Plastic A Modern Devil

Plastic the most dangerous and harmful enemy of our environment. It is killing mother nature and our health too. We take plastic bags from shop and don’t realise that we are actually taking home a devil who will cause harm to not only nature but to us too.

A normal plastic takes about 1000 years to decompose. Just think about it that a single piece of plastic take such long years to decompose, the level of plastic which we are using today will take how many years to decompose. It is choking our water organisms life. It is also choking are animals who eat food from the garbage like the cow, dogs, cats etc.

The youth are taking responsibility reduce the use of the plastic and organising campaigns and webinars to create awareness among people to not use plastic or use decomposable plastic. The big companies are taking responsibilities to to recycle plastic and many new forms has also set up for this purpose.

Even the government have started realising the need to protect our environment and nature. International organisations like UN has also so so called for an international cooperation in this matter.

There are many innovative way in which the plastic are being reused like in making bricks, floor, dolls, chair, etc. Forest sustainable future we have to look into this matter with utmost seriousness. This earth belongs to everyone and we have no right to miss you or destroy any element on this earth.

Everything you need to know about the classical dances of India-2

Kuchipudi

This dance comes from the state of Andhra Pradesh, precisely from a village which the dance is named after. Mainly a dance-drama performance, it gives a reference to the spiritual beliefs and temple gods of India, and is deeply explained in the Natyashastra. Evidence of Kuchipudi’s existence in an older version are found in copper inscriptions of the 10th century, and by the 15th century in texts such as theย Machupalli Kaifat. The traditional set was performed by an all males troupe, ย A dancer in a male role would be inย Agnivastra, also known asย Bagalbandi, wear aย dhotiย (a single pleated piece of cloth hanging down from the waist).ย A dancer in a female role would wear aย Sariย with light makeup.

Odissi

coming from the state of Odissa, this dance is as popular as Bharatanatyam or any other dance, originally done by females, it grew in popularity in the 20th century. it expresses spiritual stories and ideas particularly of lord Vishnu. again, when it was banned by the British, Indians protested all over the country, following its revival, evolution and glory. Modern Odissi productions by Indian artists have presented a diverse range of experimental ideas, culture fusion, themes and plays.[19]ย Odissi was the only Indian dance form present inย Michael Jackson’s 1991 hit singleย Black and White.

How waves differ from tides? why do they occur?

A wave begins as the wind ruffles the surface of the ocean. When the ocean is calm and glass like, even the mildest breeze forms ripples, the smallest type of wave. Ripples provide surfaces for wind to act on, which produces larger waves. Stronger winds push the nascent waves into steeper and higher hills of water. The size a wave reaches depends on the speed and strength of the wind. The length of time it takes for the wave to form, and the distance over which it blows in the open ocean is known as the fetch. A long fetch accompanied by strong and study winds can produce enormous waves. The highest point of a wave is called the crest and the lowest point the trough. The distance from one crest to another is known as the wavelength.

Although water appears to move forward with the waves, for the most part water particles travel in circles within the waves. The visible movement is the waveโ€™s form and energy moving through the water, courtesy of energy provided by the wind. Wave speed also varies; on average waves travel about 20 to 50 Mph. Ocean waves vary greatly in height from crest to trough, averaging 5 to 10 feet. Storm waves may tower 50 to 70 feet or more. The biggest wave that was ever recorded by humans was in Lituya bay on July 9th, 1958. Lituya bay sits on the southeast side of Alaska. A massive earthquake during the time would trigger a mega tsunami and the tallest tsunami in modern times. As a wave enters shallow water and nears the shore, itโ€™s up and down movement is disrupted and it slows down. The crest grows higher and be gins to surge ahead of  the rest of the wave, eventually toppling over and breaking apart. The energy released by a breaking wave can be explosive. Breakers can wear down rocky coast and also build up sandy beaches.

At Nazare ,the Brazilian Rodrigo Koxa holds the record for the biggest wave ever surfed (80ft).

Why does a tide occur?

Tides are the regular daily rise and fall of ocean waters. Twice each day in most locations, water rises up over the shore until it reaches its highest level, or high tide. In between, the water recedes from the shore until it reaches its lowest level, or low tide. Tides respond to the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. Gravitational pull has little effect on the solid and inflexible land, but the fluid oceans react strongly. Because the moon is closer, its pull is greater, making it the dominant force in tide formation.

Gravitational pull is greatest on the side of earth facing the moon and weakest on the side opposite to the moon. Nonetheless, the difference in these forces, in combination with earthโ€™s rotation and other factors, allows the oceans to bulge outward on each side, creating high tides. The sides of earth that are not in alignment with the moon experience low tides at this time. Tides follow different patterns, depending on the shape of the seacoast and the ocean floor.  In Nova Scotia, water at high tide can rise more than 50 feet higher than the low tide level. They tend to roll in gently on wide, open beaches in confined spaces, such as a narrow inlet or bay, the water may rise to very high levels at high tide.

There are typically two spring tides and two narrow tides each month. Spring tide of great range than the mean range, the water level rises and falls to the greatest extend from the mean tide level. Spring tides occur about every two weeks, when the moon is full or new. Tides are at their maximum when the moon and the sun are in the same place as the earth. In a semi-diurnal cycle the high and low tides occur around 6 hours and 12.5 minutes apart. The same tidal forces that cause tides in the oceans affect the solid earth causing it to change shape by a few inches.

About that author- George Orwell

George Orwell, best known for his novels โ€œAnimal Farmโ€ and his dystopian novel โ€œ1984โ€. He was known for a dystopian world he could create through his imagination. His writings, in a sense were also satirical, criticism towards institutions that held power

Childhood

Born on june 25, 1903 Eric Arthur Blair wrote some of the best dystopian novels under the pen name George Orwell. He was born in Motihari, India. His father worked for the Indian Civil Services. His mother Ida Blair grew up in Burma. A year after Eric was born his mother took him and his sister back to England. Eric had 2 sisters and he was the middle child. He was sent to a boarding school, excelled academically and even secured a scholarship in school.

He did not come from a financially sound household and therefore could not go to a university to study further. So instead he left for Burma (a British colony back then) in 1922 to serve in the Indian Imperial police. 5 years later he resigned from the Imperial Police to go back to England in order to chase his dream of becoming a writer. But Burma left him inspired, inspired enough to write a novel about it entitled โ€œBurmese Daysโ€. His experiences in Burma shaped his perception of writing to a certain extent.

Career 

After leaving Burma, he spent some time with his family and also lived in the slums of London and Paris, working odd jobs, he even washed dishes at hotels in Paris. He collected all of these experiences and wrote them down in his first well recognized  work โ€œDown and Out in Paris and Londonโ€ published in 1933 under the pen name George Orwell. This work of his provides insights about the life of the impoverished and the working class in that economy. 

Orwellโ€™s second piece of work โ€œBurmese Daysโ€ published in 1934 gives itโ€™s readers a tour of Burma under British rule. This novel surrounds the grim facets of colonialism that he himself first handedly lived through.

His stories contain an alienated character, a character who feels a little detached from the environment. This alienation parallels his feelings during childhood and perhaps even his adult life.

Orwell published books in the next few subsequent years including โ€œA Clergymanโ€™s Daughterโ€ in 1935, โ€œKeep the Aspidistra Flyingโ€ in 1936, a rather political novel.

Orwellโ€™s writings became political due to political movements involving imperialism and the uprising of the communist ideology.

Orwell left for Spain in 1936 to fight in the Spanish civil war where he suffered some serious injuries. At the time, his wife, Eileen was taking care of the publishing of his next book โ€œThe Road to Wigan Pier ” (1937). In mid 1937 Orwell came back to London and was later diagnosed with tuberculosis. His time in Spain was one that he expresses in his novel โ€œHomage to Catalonia”. During WWII, he was working as a journalist at the BBC, a job that he left in 1943. Later working as an editor for a newspaper which led him to be known as a fine journalist.

In 1950, about a year after โ€œ1984โ€ was published, he died due to Tuberculosis, granting the world some great work to read.

ALCOHOLISM IN INDIA

One of the most important products of global addiction demand is an alcoholic beverage. In developing countries like India, alcohol consumption tends to be a major problem because of the various socio-cultural practices across the nation, different alcohol policies and practices across the various states, lack of awareness of alcohol-related problems among the community, false mass media propaganda about alcohol use, various alcohol drinking patterns among the alcohol consumers and the emergence of social drinking as a habit because of the widespread urbanisation across the country. 

Social consequences of alcohol use

Alcohol consumption not only affects the individuals but also his family members get affected in one way or the other. The person in an intoxicated state may indulge in domestic violence with his family members; may exhaust the savings of the family, which can negatively affect the education of his children, and the children of alcoholic fathers will have strained relationship with their family members, which can affect their psychological wellbeing.

Road traffic accidents

One of the major problem of alcohol consumption are road traffic accidents which occur due to driving vehicles under the influence of alcoholic beverages. Both developing and developed countries report high rates of road traffic accidents because of alcohol consumption.

Primary care intervention for alcohol-related problems

In developing countries like India, primary care physicians are the first contact of patients with the healthcare system. primary care management of alcohol-related problems include three core steps, namely, counselling the patient on the ill-effects of alcohol and, if necessary, prescribing medications like disulfiram and connecting with the patients by organizing treatment programs and forming support groups. If necessary, they have to refer the patient to higher centres for further care and management.

BUT WHAT ABOUT PEOPLE WHO CAN’T AFFORD THESE TREATMENT AND SUFFERES FROM ITS CONSEQUENCES

In many countries AA Meetings are held for being a support emotionally and spiritually to an alcoholic person with no financial support and most of all countries it being held have not only they have accepted this but hole heartedly supported it some for their family members or some for their friends suffering from alcoholism.

What is AA?

Alcoholics Anonymous is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism.

The only requirement for membership is a desire to stop drinking. There are no dues or fees for AA membership; we are self-supporting through our own contributions. AA is not allied with any sect, denomination, politics, organization or institution; does not wish to engage in any controversy; neither endorses nor opposes any causes. Our primary purpose is to stay sober and help other alcoholics to achieve sobriety.

AA is nonprofessional โ€“ it doesnโ€™t have clinics, doctors, counsellors or psychologists. All members are themselves recovering from alcoholism. There is no central authority controlling how AA groups operate. It is up to the members of each group to decide what they do. However, the AA program of recovery has proved to be so successful that almost every group follows it in very similar ways.

WHAT DOES A.A. DO?

  1. A.A. members share their experience with anyone seeking help with a drinking problem; they give person-to-person service or โ€œsponsorshipโ€ to the alcoholic coming to A.A. from any source.
  2. The A.A. programme, set forth in our Twelve Steps, offers the alcoholic a way to develop a satisfying life without alcohol.

HISTORY OF AA IN INDIA

Here is an account of how AA came to India and itโ€™s growth in the subsequent years. Though there are no accurate records from the early days, what is definitely clear is that Harold M., a school teacher by profession, was the first person in India, to stop drinking and gain lasting sobriety through the spiritual principles of Alcoholics Anonymous. He stopped drinking on 5th May 1957, and hence that date is nationally acknowledged as the โ€œFounders Dayโ€ in India.

On 5th May 2021, AA completed 64 years of its service in India. Looking back, the results are heart-warming. The wide support and awareness generated by the groups in India and its members inspires immense hope for the future.

AWARENESS OF AA

In India, AA meeting is a program which mostly seen by people through foreign movies and shows not through advertisement or medical portals as its necessity seems nonsensical by people especially in India because of their traditional values about alcohol where some drinks it as a medicine and some as men for showing their authority and masculinity over others, stupid norms like that make bad habit like drinking into ADDICTION.

Major geopolitical developments and itโ€™s impact on India

Over the past several weeks, a number of important developments have taken place which may appear disconnected at a glance but in fact add up to a significant shift in regional and global geopolitics.

ONE, the withdrawal of US and NATO forces from Afghanistan and the complete takeover of the country by the Taliban. This resulted in chaos and overall disruption of the semblance of peace the country earlier possessed. With the Taliban claiming the residents of the country are happy with their takeover and the disrupted president on the run, the future of the country appears in shambles.

TWO, significant domestic political changes in the Peopleโ€™s Republic Of China. This includes the ideological and regulatory assault against its dynamic private high-tech companies and now recently, its real estate companies. As a result, it has a heightened risk perception among international business and industries which had seen China as a huge commercial opportunity until now. While the economical affairs of the country are entirely their own to manage and govern, there will be a lasting impact on the general job opportunities.

THREE, the announcement of the Australia-UK and US (AUKUS) alliance which represents a major departure in US strategy by its commitment to enable Australia to join a handful of countries with nuclear submarines. The alliance clearly portraits Australiaโ€™s strategic choice to firmly support USA despite its considerable economic and commercial equation in China.

FOUR, the convening of the four nation Quad physical summit (India, Australia, Japan and the US) IN Washington. This reflected a major step towards its formalization as an influential grouping in the Indo-Pacific going beyond boundaries and into a personal level of safeguarding.

These four developments together present India with both risks and opportunities. While the latter outweighs the risks henceforth. It would indeed be fitting to say a future of uncertainties awaits the entire world. Are these measurements a preparation of the unseen future or simply precautions is something only time will reveal.

Written by : Ananya Kaushal

Generation Gap

By – Supriya

How many times have you felt that your parents don’t understand you, and have no respect for you as an individual? How often do you shake your head in frustration unable to get your point across to your parents? Parents ! They are like aliens from another planet altogether! You and they are in different camps ; strangers forced to live under the same roof. Right? Wrong! There is a way of bridging what appears to be a yawning chasm.If you genuinely want to improve your relationship with your parents(and give them a big shock in the bargain!) try listening to them , just like you would listen to a valued friend. Instead of always whining ,” You don’t understand me”, stop and think. Do you ever try and understand them? Parents are under a lot of stress too. When we are worrying about our upcoming Maths exam, they are worrying about the boss in the office , and just how they are going to pay for are worrying about the boss in the office, and just how they are going to pay for our expenses.Like us , they too have bad days when someone humiliates them at work. Sometimes, they are stressed wondering where the money for all the applications you send to foreign universities is going to come from. Your mom may seldom have a chance to go out and enjoy herself. Your dad’s colleagues may deride him because he cannot afford membership to a club.

Yes, weird though it may sound, parents are humans too. They may have dreams they’ve sacrificed because they want you to realize yours. Once you step into their shoes and try to look at things from their point of view, two wonderful things happen; one, you feel a new respect for them, and two, you will find that you can actually get your own way without heated arguments. Today, when you come back from school or college,ask your mom or dad ,” How did your day go today?” or ” Tell me a little more about your job”. or ” Is there anything I can do to help you around in the house?” You will see the visible difference it makes to the atmosphere at home. And each day, try to keep your promises – to do your homework, to clean your room and to write letters or telephone if you are living away from home. Seventy five percent of the youngsters claimed that the teenage years are a time of stress and anxiety for them – anxiety about exams,jobs, parental expectations, peer pressure, love lives, the need to look good and dress smartly, and we’ll , even the state of the nation.

Generation gap means difference in attitude , or lack of understanding between younger and older generation. This generation gap has always been there but these days it has reached an explosive stage. The values and patterns of life have changed to a great extent. Today, everybody likes to live and behave in his own way. This attitude has enlarged the generation gap, which is becoming wider day by day. It is now disrupting the family life completely. The elders look after the children and make all sorts of sacrifices to bring them up. Parents want children to follow their instructions as they believe it is for benefit of children and would do them good. On the other hand, children face immense pressure of exams and cut- throat competition and think that parents know nothing about the demands of this fast paced world. In the end, despite love and affection for each other, both are drained of energy and find unable to comprehend the other. Consequently, there is lack of communication between the two that , with time, develops into larger rift. Unlike west, in india , this problem is yet in the initial stages, but the gap has appeared and it is going to grow bigger day by day. So it is not only the responsibility of the younger generation , but also of the elders to fill this gap with their love, affection and trust . The problem, in fact , has grown and intensified due to rise in complexities of modern life. These complexities have arisen in the wake of modernism as faster industrialization with increasing population has led to greater competition . The problem arises when parents begin to take things too seriously and forgot that as children they had themselves loved adventure and freedom . On the other hand, children too are in the blind race of enjoying life and following their friends. They fail to see their parents’ perspective as for them , at this age their friends suddenly become more important. This increases the anxiety of parents as they are concerned and afraid of their children falling in bad company . This leads to imposition of greater restrictions by parents, which further annoys the freedom- loving teenagers and increases the tension between the two.
At this time, grandparents can play a constructive role in order to bridge the gap of thought, attitude and approaches to life. Generation gap is not that serious a problem if families can learn to sit over dinner and amicably settle things by ironing out differences and sharing experiences. When this communication barrier is transcended and the ice broken, the problem does not remain that serious anymore. Talking it out calmly and coolly , with the idea of sorting the things out, changing for each other and changing for better can be the most helpful instrument in bridging the generation gap. Family outings, vacations, tours,panic-outings, often with the family could be effective ways to initiate intimacy between parents and children. Watching movies and discussing them, putting forth different viewpoints can be a beginning to inculcate the habit of a healthy dialogue between members of the family. Such small things and steps can do wonders in initiating a healthy family atmosphere and reducing friction between two generations that are both right from their perspective . Their only folly is that they are viewing the same thing from opposite directions. Age, time and experience or the lack of it , forces them to do so.

THANKYOU

About the Author – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was born on 22nd May, 1859 in Edinburgh (the capital of Scotland). He was a bristish writer and physician by profession. His early education was completed at Jesuit Preparatory School at Lancanshire. Later in life, he took education at Stella Matutina in Feldkirch. This was the period of time when he rejected the Catholic faith and turned agnostic.

Sir Arthur Doyle studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School in 1876-1881. He also pursued practical botany at the Royal Botanic Garden. Sir graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine and Master of Surgery Degree from the University of Edinburgh and later obtained his Doctor of Medicine Degree. He worked as a ship surgeon during a voyage to West African Coast. Later on, he began practicing independently and while waiting for his clients, he would write literary content. Sir Arthur also tried his hands on Opthalmology but his efforts did not turn out successful.

At the age of 27, he wrote his first successful piece of writing – A Study In Scarlet. He received positive reviews in the Scotsman and Glasgow Herald. Sir Arthur created the iconic character – Sherlock Holmes, by trying to mirror his former University teacher, Joseph Bell. He wrote a plethora of Sherlock Holmes and Watson series and decided to discontinue it. He felt, these two major characters is all what his stories revolved around and that is distracting him from other topics. This prominent writer attempted to raise the price of his Sherlock Holmes writings in order to check whether his audience would still buy his writings. He was pleasantly surprised to learn that, his readers were ready to pay larger sums to read more of Sherlock Crime Fiction. Hence, he became one of the finest paid authors.

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle has written five narratives, short stories, novels such as The White Company, The Sign of Four, and works for the stage such as The Waterloo, The Speckled Band, etc.

He has been honoured with several awards such as – Knight of Grace of the most venerable order of the hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, Queens’s South Africa Medal, Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy, Order of the Medjidie.

Sir Arthur succumbed to a heart attack on 7th July, 1930 in East Sussex at the age of 71. He was buried in Minstead Churchyard in Hampshire. A statue in the honour of the writer has been constructed at Crowborough and a statue of the character Sherlock Holmes has also been raised at Edinburgh. Though Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is not physically present today, his remarkable writings still continue to be read by masses.

Positive effects of Covid Lockdown

Covid 19 a name which has changed the life of every individual in this world. It has changed the way we live, the way we work the way we think.When we hear covid-19 we get anxious, sad and always look at the negative side of it. Which is right because we have lost so many lives, jobs, increase in the number of of depression cases, which has ultimately made everyone’s life a Topsy-turvy.

But as we know there is always two sides of a coin, so there is always two sides of any situation too. We have already looked at the negative side and we know about it but now let’s look at the positive sides too.

Reduction in air pollution : there was reduced in air pollution which improve the air quality of whole world, as all of the big factories where close up and there was no emission of carbon dioxide, Sulphur and other toxic gases in the atmosphere.

Clearance of water body : the water bodies have cleaned themselves during this time as the industries and factories when not releasing any toxic chemicals and materials in the water bodies which even increased the number of water organism.

Reduction in use of energy : again due to the close down of all the factories and industries the energy consumed earlier was reduced and which lead to saving a lot of energy.

Improve in health facilities : as this covid-19 broke out we actually realised that we need a better health facilities and to provide these facilities many new firms were established to provide this medical and health facilities leading to its improvement. India was one of the largest producer of mass and PPE kits.

Technological advancement : when the spender make broke out everything has switched to online platforms which lead to to its improvement. As we know necessity is the mother of invention and in these time when we were not able to meet each other physically technology help us a lot to overcome this hindrance

Removal of place hindrance : we were able to take online classes, meetings, webinars and other events online which actually remove the hindrance of place as we can attend it being in any part of this world.

Spend more time with family : we were able to give more time to our family members and loved ones which earlier was not possible due to a busy work schedule.

Getting a break from busy life : this actually gave us a break from our busy life and think about ourselves and enjoy quality time with her family which actually make us very happy.

Chances for learning new skills : this also provided as to improve our skills through online courses which was earlier difficult for us to focus upon because of our busy life.

Just look at the positive sides of it. There are many more which I may not be able to cover right now, but you know it. So in order to get inspiration in the difficult time we should look at the positive points of it. Because this is what life is about facing difficulties with a smile on your face and a positive attitude in your mind.

Global Warming a Global Threat

“Global warming, a global threat”. We have heard a lot about global warming in the news debates general discussion and international discussions too. But are we really serious about it, we just hear it and leave it we never try to understand the seriousness of it. It has just turn to be a debate topic for us.

The temperature of the Earth is increasing drastically, even in Antarctica whoes normal temperature remain +10ยฐC in summer experience 18.3 degree Celsius record temperature which is an alarm in one. Even Canada is facing about 50 degree celsius temperature which is the record highest in the history of Canada.

Cause of global warming is the CFC gases which are released by the AC, refrigerators and cars that we use. The clearing of forests that leads to deforestation is another cause of global warming as carbon dioxide is not been able to use by the trees. Global warming leads to melting of glaciers which ultimately leads to increase in sea level which is the main cause of tsunamis and other problems.

We always hear that action speaks Louder Than words and this is the real problem to take action upon. There are many steps taken internationally for this cause but we should contribute from our side too.

We can contribute by planting a tree or any small plant or by reducing the use of ACs, refrigerators and cars. Just think about it it might be a very small step from your side but will cause a great difference to this earth. Just bring the first step forward and other get inspired by you and will ultimately E result in reduction of the Global temperature.