Tag: dailyprompt

What is Focus Group Discussion Research Technique

Bloganuary writing prompt
Think back on your most memorable road trip.
View all responses

By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is a qualitative research technique that plays a crucial role in exploring and understanding complex social phenomena. This method brings together a small, diverse group of participants to discuss a specific topic under the guidance of a skilled moderator. Through open and dynamic interaction, FGDs provide researchers with rich insights into participants’ perspectives, attitudes, and experiences.

Key Components of Focus Group Discussions:

  1. Participants:
    • FGDs typically involve 6 to 12 participants who share common characteristics relevant to the research question. Participants are selected to ensure diversity in opinions and experiences.
  2. Moderator:
    • A skilled moderator facilitates the discussion, guiding participants through the conversation while encouraging openness. Moderators use a predetermined set of open-ended questions to explore various aspects of the research topic.
  3. Focus Group Guide:
    • A carefully crafted set of questions, known as a focus group guide, serves as the backbone of the discussion. These questions are open-ended, allowing participants to express their thoughts freely.
  4. Setting:
    • FGDs are conducted in a conducive environment that promotes open communication. The setting should be comfortable, neutral, and free from distractions to encourage participants to share their thoughts openly.
  5. Recording:
    • Sessions are often recorded, either through audio or video, to capture the richness of the discussion. This allows researchers to revisit and analyze the data more thoroughly.

The Focus Group Discussion Process:

  1. Introduction:
    • The session begins with a warm welcome and an introduction to the purpose of the discussion. Participants are encouraged to express their opinions freely, creating a comfortable atmosphere.
  2. Warm-up Questions:
    • To ease participants into the discussion, moderators start with broad and non-threatening questions. This helps build rapport and sets the tone for more in-depth exploration.
  3. Main Discussion:
    • The moderator guides the conversation using the focus group guide, allowing participants to express their thoughts and react to each other’s comments. This interactive process often leads to the emergence of shared understandings and diverse perspectives.
  4. Probing and Clarification:
    • Moderators use probing techniques to delve deeper into participants’ responses, seeking clarification and encouraging a more detailed exploration of ideas. This helps uncover nuanced insights.
  5. Closing:
    • The session concludes with a summary of key points and a debriefing with participants. This provides an opportunity for participants to reflect on the discussion and ask any final questions.

Advantages of Focus Group Discussions:

  1. Rich Data:
    • FGDs generate in-depth qualitative data, capturing the complexity and nuances of participants’ perspectives.
  2. Group Dynamics:
    • Interactions within the group can reveal social dynamics, shared beliefs, and divergent opinions that may not surface in individual interviews.
  3. Real-time Insights:
    • The dynamic nature of FGDs allows researchers to capture real-time reactions and responses, providing a more authentic understanding of participants’ perspectives.
  4. Exploratory Nature:
    • FGDs are particularly useful in the early stages of research when exploring new topics or generating hypotheses.
  5. Cost-Effective:
    • Compared to one-on-one interviews, FGDs can be a more cost-effective way to gather insights from multiple participants simultaneously.

Challenges and Considerations:

  1. Group Influence:
    • Group dynamics may lead to conformity or hesitation in expressing dissenting opinions. Skilled moderation is crucial to mitigate these effects.
  2. Moderator Bias:
    • Moderators must be aware of their biases and strive to maintain neutrality to ensure the discussion remains participant-driven.
  3. Data Analysis Complexity:
    • Analyzing FGD data can be complex due to the multitude of perspectives. Thorough analysis involves identifying patterns, themes, and divergent viewpoints.
  4. Generalization Limitations:
    • Findings from FGDs are often context-specific and may not be easily generalized to larger populations. Therefore, researchers should complement FGDs with other research methods for a more comprehensive understanding.

In conclusion, Focus Group Discussions are a powerful qualitative research technique that provides valuable insights into the social, cultural, and behavioral dimensions of a research question. When conducted with careful planning, skilled moderation, and thoughtful analysis, FGDs contribute significantly to the depth and richness of qualitative research. Researchers across various disciplines continue to embrace this method as an essential tool in unraveling the complexities of human experience and perception.

References

Bohnsack, R. (2004). Group discussion and focus groups. A companion to qualitative research, 214-221.

Dehalwar, K., & Sharma, S. N. (2023). Fundamentals of Research Writing and Uses of Research Methodologies.

Dehalwar, K., & Singh, J. (2015). A Critical Evaluation of the main Causes of Water Management Problems in Indian Urban Areas. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences. 4, 8.

Hennink, M. M. (2013). Focus group discussions. Oxford University Press.

Moretti, F., van Vliet, L., Bensing, J., Deledda, G., Mazzi, M., Rimondini, M., … & Fletcher, I. (2011). A standardized approach to qualitative content analysis of focus group discussions from different countries. Patient education and counseling, 82(3), 420-428.

O. Nyumba, T., Wilson, K., Derrick, C. J., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation. Methods in Ecology and evolution, 9(1), 20-32.

Sharma, S. N., Chatterjee, S., & Dehalwar, K. (2023). Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: Challenges and Opportunities. Think India Journal, 26(1), 7-15.

Wong, L. P. (2008). Focus group discussion: a tool for health and medical research. Singapore Med J, 49(3), 256-60.

The Power of Meta-Analysis in Research

Daily writing prompt
What is your mission?
View all responses

By Kavita Dehalwar

Meta-analysis, a statistical technique that combines and synthesizes data from multiple independent studies, has become a cornerstone in scientific research. By aggregating findings from various studies on a specific topic, meta-analysis provides a more comprehensive and robust understanding of the subject matter. This article explores the concept of meta-analysis, its methodology, advantages, and limitations, emphasizing its crucial role in advancing research across diverse disciplines.

Understanding Meta-Analysis:

Meta-analysis involves the systematic review and quantitative synthesis of data from multiple studies. The primary goal is to pool data to draw more accurate and reliable conclusions than those possible from individual studies alone. This approach helps researchers overcome limitations associated with small sample sizes, variability in study designs, and potential publication biases.

Key Components of Meta-Analysis:

  1. Literature Review: Conducting a thorough literature review is the first step in meta-analysis. Researchers identify relevant studies, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the existing body of work on the chosen topic.
  2. Study Selection Criteria: Establishing clear inclusion and exclusion criteria is crucial to ensure the selected studies are comparable and relevant to the research question. This step helps maintain the integrity of the meta-analysis.
  3. Data Extraction: Data from each included study are systematically extracted. This involves collecting information on study design, participant characteristics, interventions or exposures, outcomes, and statistical results.
  4. Effect Size Calculation: The effect size quantifies the magnitude of the relationship between variables or the intervention’s impact. Common effect size measures include odds ratios, risk ratios, and standardized mean differences.
  5. Statistical Analysis: Meta-analysis employs statistical techniques to combine the results of individual studies. Weighting is applied to account for study size, and heterogeneity tests assess the variability between studies.

Advantages of Meta-Analysis:

  1. Increased Statistical Power: Meta-analysis enhances statistical power by combining data from multiple studies, allowing researchers to detect smaller effect sizes that may be overlooked in individual studies.
  2. Generalizability: Pooling data from diverse studies increases the generalizability of findings, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the research question across different populations and contexts.
  3. Identifying Patterns and Trends: Meta-analysis enables the identification of patterns or trends that may not be evident in individual studies, offering a more holistic view of the research landscape.
  4. Resolution of Inconsistencies: Conflicting findings in individual studies can be reconciled through meta-analysis. By exploring sources of heterogeneity, researchers can identify factors contributing to discrepancies and refine their interpretations.

Limitations of Meta-Analysis:

  1. Publication Bias: Meta-analyses are susceptible to publication bias, as studies with significant or positive results are more likely to be published. This bias can distort the overall findings and affect the validity of the meta-analysis.
  2. Heterogeneity: Variability in study designs, participant characteristics, and methodologies can contribute to heterogeneity, challenging the synthesis of results. Researchers must carefully assess and address heterogeneity in their analyses.
  3. Quality of Included Studies: Meta-analyses are only as robust as the studies included. If the quality of the individual studies is low, the overall meta-analysis may be compromised.

Conclusion:

Meta-analysis stands as a powerful tool in the researcher’s arsenal, offering a methodical and quantitative approach to synthesizing evidence from diverse studies. While it has its limitations, when conducted rigorously, meta-analysis provides a valuable means of drawing more reliable conclusions and advancing our understanding of complex phenomena across various disciplines. As research methodologies continue to evolve, meta-analysis remains a key player in the pursuit of knowledge and scientific progress.

References

Dehalwar, K., & Singh, J. (2015). A Critical Evaluation of the main Causes of Water Management Problems in Indian Urban Areas. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences. 4, 8.

Dehalwar, K., & Sharma, S. N. (2023). Fundamentals of Research Writing and Uses of Research Methodologies.

Sharma, S. N. (2019). Review of most used urban growth models. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 10(3), 397-405.

Sharma, S. N. Techniques of Meta-Analysis for Unlocking Knowledge.

A Note on Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)

By: Kavita Dehalwar

Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) is a government scheme in India aimed at promoting employment opportunities and improving the quality of life for urban poor individuals. It was launched on 1st December 1997, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of India’s independence, and is part of the broader National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM).

Key Objectives of Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana:

  1. Employment Generation: The primary goal of SJSRY is to generate sustainable employment opportunities for the urban poor, with a specific focus on skill development and self-employment ventures.
  2. Skill Development: The scheme emphasizes the importance of skill enhancement and training for individuals from marginalized urban communities. By imparting relevant skills, the program aims to enhance employability and income-generating capabilities.
  3. Self-Employment: SJSRY promotes self-employment among the urban poor by providing financial assistance and support for starting small businesses or enterprises. This aspect of the program is crucial for fostering entrepreneurship and economic independence.
  4. Urban Poverty Alleviation: The scheme is designed to address the challenges of urban poverty by creating a conducive environment for income generation, thereby contributing to the overall improvement of living standards in urban areas.

Components of Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana:

The SJSRY is broadly divided into two sub-components:

  1. Urban Self-Employment Program (USEP): This component focuses on providing financial assistance and skill training to individuals interested in starting their own ventures. The financial aid is intended to cover a portion of the project cost.
  2. Urban Wage Employment Program (UWEP): UWEP is aimed at providing wage employment opportunities for the urban poor. This involves the creation of temporary employment through various community-based projects.

Implementation and Monitoring:

The implementation of the Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana involves collaboration between the central government, state governments, and urban local bodies. The program is monitored by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, to ensure effective implementation and adherence to the program’s objectives.

It’s important to note that policies and schemes may undergo changes and updates over time. For the most current and detailed information on the Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana, it is advisable to refer to official government sources or recent publications related to urban development in India.

References

Rajkonwar, A. B. (2005). Swama Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana: A study on effectiveness in Dibrugarh. SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal), 32(4), 23-42.

Sharma, S. N. (2020). A Review of Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana. Think India Journal, 23(1), 26-32.

Shobha, K. (2007). Performance of women beneficiaries of the Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana in Coimbatore City (Doctoral dissertation, Avinashilingam University for Women (India)).

Benefits of Open Access Publication Database ScienceOPEN

By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

ScienceOpen is an open-access research networking platform that aims to foster collaboration and visibility in the scientific community. Please note that the features and benefits of platforms like ScienceOpen may evolve over time, so it’s a good idea to check the latest information on their website or other reliable sources. Here are some potential benefits associated with ScienceOpen:

  1. Open Access Content: ScienceOpen provides access to a wide range of open-access scholarly content, including articles, conference proceedings, and other academic materials. Open access promotes the free dissemination of knowledge and facilitates collaboration among researchers.
  2. Interdisciplinary Research: The platform is designed to break down disciplinary silos by covering a broad spectrum of research areas. This can encourage interdisciplinary collaboration, allowing researchers from different fields to discover and engage with each other’s work.
  3. Discoverability and Visibility: Researchers can enhance the visibility of their work by sharing and promoting their publications on ScienceOpen. The platform provides tools for researchers to create profiles, showcase their publications, and connect with other researchers, potentially increasing the impact of their research.
  4. Post-Publication Peer Review: ScienceOpen supports post-publication peer review, enabling researchers to contribute comments, reviews, and discussions on published articles. This transparent and collaborative review process can provide additional insights and perspectives on the research.
  5. Research Networking: The platform facilitates networking among researchers by allowing them to connect with peers, follow their work, and stay updated on the latest research in their fields of interest. Building a professional network is crucial for collaboration and staying informed about advancements in specific areas.
  6. Altmetrics and Impact Tracking: ScienceOpen provides metrics to help researchers track the impact of their work. This includes traditional citation metrics as well as alternative metrics (altmetrics) that consider the broader influence of research through social media, online discussions, and other channels.
  7. Integration with ORCID: ScienceOpen integrates with ORCID, a persistent digital identifier for researchers. This integration helps ensure proper attribution of research contributions and enhances the credibility and accuracy of researchers’ profiles.
  8. Custom Collections and Projects: Researchers and institutions can create custom collections or projects on ScienceOpen to curate and organize research content. This feature allows for the creation of thematic collections, making it easier for users to discover relevant research within specific topics.

For Publishers

ScienceOpen offers content hosting, context building and marketing services for publishers. See our tailored offerings

For Institutions

ScienceOpen offers state-of-the-art technology and a range of solutions and services

For Researchers

Make an impact and build your research profile in the open with ScienceOpen

It’s important to verify the current features and benefits of ScienceOpen by visiting their official website or contacting them directly, as the platform may have introduced new functionalities or undergone changes since my last update.

References

Aspesi, C., & Brand, A. (2020). In pursuit of open science, open access is not enough. Science, 368(6491), 574-577.

Burgelman, J. C., Pascu, C., Szkuta, K., Von Schomberg, R., Karalopoulos, A., Repanas, K., & Schouppe, M. (2019). Open science, open data, and open scholarship: European policies to make science fit for the twenty-first century. Frontiers in big data, 2, 43.

González, A. G. (2005). Open science: open source licenses in scientific research. NCJL & Tech., 7, 321.

Sharma, S. N. (2023). Understanding Citations: A Crucial Element of Academic Writing.

Stodden, V. C. (2011). Trust your science? Open your data and code.

National Urban Policy Framework (NUPF) 2018

By Kavita Dehalwar

India is undergoing one of the world’s fastest urban transitions. By 2030, nearly 600 million Indians are expected to live in urban areas, contributing around 70% of the national GDP. This transformation brings both opportunities and challenges: rapid economic growth, innovation, and cultural vibrancy, but also rising inequality, housing shortages, pollution, congestion, and inadequate infrastructure.

Photo by RDNE Stock project on Pexels.com

Recognizing the need for a coherent national approach, the National Urban Policy Framework (NUPF) 2018 was introduced as a guiding document for cities to become sustainable engines of growth, aligned with the goals of inclusive development, improved quality of life, and economic competitiveness.

2. Vision of NUPF

The vision of the NUPF 2018 is to create “Sustainable, Inclusive, Productive, and Resilient Urban Development” in India.
It seeks to reimagine Indian cities as:

  • Engines of economic growth
  • Inclusive hubs that provide opportunities for all, especially marginalized communities
  • Resilient spaces capable of addressing climate change and disaster risks
  • Livable cities that improve the quality of life for residents

3. Guiding Principles

The framework rests on certain guiding principles:

  1. Sustainability: Promoting environmentally responsible urbanization.
  2. Inclusiveness: Ensuring equitable access to housing, services, and opportunities.
  3. Integration: Coordinating across sectors and levels of governance.
  4. Participation: Engaging citizens, communities, and stakeholders in planning.
  5. Resilience: Building adaptive capacity to handle shocks and stresses.

4. The Ten Sutras (Core Pillars) of NUPF

The NUPF identifies 10 sutras (thematic pillars) that define the scope of urban transformation in India:

  1. Sustainable & Inclusive Cities – Cities that balance growth with equity and environment.
  2. Cities as Engines of Growth – Leveraging urban areas to drive national economic progress.
  3. Housing & Inclusiveness – Affordable, adequate, and safe housing for all sections of society.
  4. Productivity & Prosperity – Enhancing economic efficiency and competitiveness of cities.
  5. Urban Infrastructure & Resilience – Strengthening transport, water, sanitation, energy, and resilience to climate risks.
  6. Urban Governance & Institutional Framework – Clear roles, empowered institutions, and capacity-building at city level.
  7. Smart Cities & Technology – Harnessing ICT for better service delivery, transparency, and citizen engagement.
  8. Urban Planning & Design – Compact, transit-oriented, and livable urban forms.
  9. Housing for All & Slum-Free Cities – Integration of slum redevelopment and affordable housing programs.
  10. Implementation & Performance Management – Strong monitoring, evaluation, and outcome-based governance.

5. Key Areas of Intervention

To operationalize the framework, NUPF suggests interventions in the following areas:

  • Urban Housing Policy: Expand rental housing, cooperative housing, and slum redevelopment.
  • Infrastructure Development: Public transport, water supply, sanitation, energy efficiency.
  • Climate & Environment: Green spaces, renewable energy, disaster risk management.
  • Urban Economy: Skill development, local economic zones, entrepreneurship.
  • Social Inclusion: Gender-sensitive urban planning, welfare for migrants and informal workers.
  • Governance: Empowered municipal governments, financial autonomy, and capacity building.

6. Alignment with Global Agendas

The NUPF 2018 aligns with:

  • UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities)
  • Paris Climate Agreement (low-carbon pathways for cities)
  • New Urban Agenda (Habitat III) by UN-Habitat
    This ensures India’s urban development policies resonate with global commitments.

7. Implementation Strategy

The framework emphasizes multi-level governance and partnerships:

  • Central Government: Provides broad policy directions, funding, and coordination.
  • State Governments: Adapt the framework to regional contexts.
  • Urban Local Bodies (ULBs): Implement policies on the ground with autonomy and accountability.
  • Private Sector & Civil Society: Collaborate in infrastructure, housing, and innovation.

8. Expected Outcomes

If effectively implemented, the NUPF 2018 aims to achieve:

  • Affordable housing and improved living standards.
  • Efficient and sustainable urban infrastructure.
  • Economic vibrancy through strong urban economies.
  • Cleaner, greener, and resilient cities.
  • Strong local governments capable of leading urban transformation.

9. Challenges in Implementation

  • Inadequate capacity of ULBs in planning and finance.
  • Lack of coordination between government departments.
  • Resistance to land and housing reforms.
  • Financing constraints for large-scale infrastructure.
  • Growing inequality and informal settlements.

10. Conclusion

The National Urban Policy Framework (2018) is a landmark step towards a holistic and integrated approach to urbanization in India. By focusing on inclusivity, sustainability, and resilience, it provides a roadmap for Indian cities to transform into dynamic centers of growth and innovation. However, its success depends on effective governance, strong local institutions, and continuous citizen participation.

References

Asibey, M. O., Mintah, F., Adutwum, I. O., Wireko-Gyebi, R. S., Tagnan, J. N., Yevugah, L. L., … & Abdul-Salam, A. J. (2022). Beyond rhetoric: urban planning-climate change resilience conundrum in Accra, Ghana. Cities, 131, 103950.

Adjei-Boadi, D., Agyei-Mensah, S., Adamkiewicz, G., Rodriguez, J. I., Gemmell, E., Ezzati, M., … & Owusu, G. (2022). Neighbourhood, built environment and children’s outdoor play spaces in urban Ghana: Review of policies and challenges. Landscape and urban planning, 218, 104288.

Acharya, P., Gupta, A. K., Singh, S., Mani, N., & Wajih, S. (2023). Mainstreaming peri-urban ecosystems for urban resilience through policy-planning framework: an opportunity analysis for Indian cities. In Ecosystem Restoration: Towards Sustainability and Resilient Development (pp. 57-74). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

Kundu, D. (2020). Urbanisation in India: Towards a national urban policy framework and smart cities. In Developing National Urban Policies: Ways Forward to Green and Smart Cities (pp. 89-119). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

Sharma, S. N. (2018). Review of National Urban Policy Framework 2018. Think India Journal, 21(3), 74-81.

Sharma, S. N. (2019). Review of most used urban growth models. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 10(3), 397-405.

Sharma, S. N. (2014). Urban forms in planning and design. International Journal of Research, 1(1), 7-16.

Sharma, S. N. (2014). Participatory Planning in Plan Preparation. BookCountry.

Sharma, S. N., Dehalwar, K., Yadav, K., & Verma, D. (2025). Urban Street Canyon Turbulence and Vehicular Pollution Dispersion. Applied Journal of Earth and Environmental Research, 14-19.

Proposal for the Establishment of a Council of Planning

By Kavita Dehalwar

Effective planning is essential to ensure the sustainable development, efficient use of resources, and coordinated decision-making within our organization/community. At present, planning activities are fragmented across different units, leading to overlaps, gaps, and missed opportunities. To address this, it is proposed that a Council of Planning be established as a central coordinating body to guide, oversee, and harmonize planning processes.

Photo by Jonathan Borba on Pexels.com

2. Purpose of the Council

The Council of Planning will serve as a strategic advisory and coordinating body. Its purpose is to:

  • Provide a structured forum for long-term and short-term planning.
  • Ensure alignment of departmental/sectoral plans with overall organizational or community goals.
  • Promote transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the use of resources.
  • Facilitate collaboration between stakeholders, avoiding duplication of efforts.
  • Anticipate future challenges and propose proactive strategies.

3. Objectives

The Council of Planning will:

  1. Develop and periodically review a comprehensive planning framework.
  2. Advise leadership on policy priorities and strategic directions.
  3. Oversee the integration of financial, physical, and human resource planning.
  4. Recommend best practices for sustainable development and innovation.
  5. Monitor the implementation of approved plans and provide progress reports.

4. Composition

The Council shall consist of representatives drawn from relevant sectors, departments, and stakeholder groups, including but not limited to:

  • Senior leadership/management representatives
  • Heads of key departments (finance, infrastructure, environment, social development, etc.)
  • Technical experts and planners
  • Representatives of community/stakeholder groups (where applicable)

A Chairperson will be appointed/elected to preside over meetings, and a Secretariat will be established to provide administrative support.

5. Functions and Responsibilities

The Council will:

  • Convene regular meetings to deliberate on planning matters.
  • Prepare a consolidated planning document for submission to leadership/authorities.
  • Establish thematic working groups (e.g., infrastructure, social services, environment, technology).
  • Provide recommendations to resolve conflicts in planning priorities.
  • Promote stakeholder engagement and participatory planning.

6. Governance and Decision-Making

  • Decisions of the Council shall be made through consensus where possible, or by simple majority vote.
  • The Council will submit its recommendations to the leadership/board for approval and implementation.
  • A code of conduct and terms of reference will be developed to guide the Council’s work.

7. Expected Outcomes

  • Streamlined, coordinated, and inclusive planning processes.
  • Increased efficiency in resource allocation.
  • Stronger alignment of plans with long-term strategic goals.
  • Enhanced stakeholder confidence and transparency.
  • More resilient and adaptive organizational/community development.

8. Implementation Plan

  • Phase 1: Approval of the proposal and endorsement by leadership.
  • Phase 2: Appointment of Council members and establishment of Secretariat.
  • Phase 3: Development of terms of reference and planning framework.
  • Phase 4: First Council meeting and preparation of initial consolidated plan.

9. Conclusion

The establishment of a Council of Planning will provide a vital platform for integrated, participatory, and forward-looking decision-making. By creating this body, we will strengthen our capacity to meet present needs and anticipate future challenges, ensuring sustainable growth and development.

References

Council, L. C., & Gold, J. R. (2015). The planning of a new town. Routledge.

Rosen, G., & Avni, N. (2023). Negotiating urban redevelopment: Exploring the neighborhood council planning model. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 43(2), 416-427.

Sharma, S. N., & Dehalwar, K. (2023). Council of Planning for Promoting Planning Education and Planning Professionals. Journal of Planning Education & Research, 43(4).

Sharma, S. N., Dehalwar, K., Kumar, G., & Vyas, S. (2023). Redefining peri-urban urban areas. Thematics Journal of Geography, 12(3), 7-13.

Sharma, S. N. (2013). Sustainable development strategies and approaches. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR), 2.

Sharma, S. N. (2019). Review of most used urban growth models. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 10(3), 397-405.

Tewdwr-Jones, M. (1998). Rural government and community participation: The planning role of community councils. Journal of Rural Studies, 14(1), 51-62.

60th Foundation Day of Indian Institute of Foreign Trade

Daily writing prompt
If you didn’t need sleep, what would you do with all the extra time?
View all responses

By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

The Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) was established in 1963 by the Government of India with the objective of contributing to the country’s foreign trade management and increasing exports by developing human resources, providing research-based consultancy, and conducting research. The institute was initially set up in collaboration with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and was located in Delhi’s Qutub Institutional Area.

The first Director of IIFT was R.K. Gupta, who played a crucial role in establishing the institute’s foundation. Under his leadership, IIFT evolved from a think tank to a recognized center of excellence in international trade and business. Over the years, IIFT has diversified its activities from conducting training programs for Indian Trade Service officers to offering various programs in international business management, trade research, and analysis.

In the initial years, IIFT functioned as an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. In 1983, IIFT was declared a deemed university under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission (UGC) Act, 1956. The institute was granted the status of a deemed university in recognition of its significant contributions to the field of foreign trade management and research.

The Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) in New Delhi celebrated its 60th Foundation Day, which also marked its Diamond Jubilee. During the occasion, Prof. Satinder Bhatia, the Vice-Chancellor of IIFT, paid tribute to the institute’s founding Director General, Late Shri HD Shourie, who laid the foundation of IIFT with the motto “Excellence is a way of life.” She regarded him as a father figure to IIFTians.

Prof. Bhatia emphasized the need to recognize those who have contributed to IIFT’s growth and its status among the top B-schools in India. She mentioned the academic and administrative improvements made at IIFT’s Delhi and Kolkata campuses and expressed confidence in the newly inaugurated Kakinada campus’s potential for excellence. Prof. Bhatia also mentioned IIFT’s collaborations and partnerships, which help the institute continue in the direction of its vision and mission, and make it an attractive destination for industries, students, and other stakeholders.

Since its establishment in 1963, IIFT has evolved from a think tank to a leading repository of knowledge in international trade, besides being India’s premier business school. It has achieved many milestones, including AACSB accreditation and consistent rankings among the top business schools. IIFT has also diversified its role and offers innovative programs to enhance the skills of business professionals. Moreover, IIFT’s growth rate in the first two decades of the new millennium has been phenomenal. In addition, the institute’s campus in GIFT City, Gujarat, will be operational from July 2023.

IIFT has come a long way since its inception and has established itself as one of the leading business schools in India, specializing in international trade and business. It has expanded its operations by establishing campuses in Kolkata and Kakinada, and plans to open a campus in Gujarat’s GIFT City in July 2023. IIFT has also received accreditation from various global accreditation bodies, including AACSB, which is a testament to its commitment to academic excellence.

Today, IIFT continues to provide research-based consultancy services, conduct training programs, and offer various academic programs in the field of international business management and research. Its alumni network includes prominent business leaders, entrepreneurs, and policymakers, who have made significant contributions to the development of the country’s foreign trade and business sectors.

Job Opening: Skill Trainer

Job Opening: Skill Trainer

Organization: Track2Training (An NGO Initiative)
Location: Multiple locations / Remote (as per program requirement)
Job Type: Full-Time / Part-Time / Contractual

About Track2Training

Track2Training is a not-for-profit organization committed to empowering communities through education, training, and capacity-building programs. We work with youth, women, and vulnerable groups to enhance livelihood opportunities, skill improvement, disaster resilience, and community development. Through our specialized training initiatives, we aim to equip individuals with practical knowledge and hands-on skills to become self-reliant and resilient in the face of challenges.

Position Overview

We are seeking passionate and dedicated Skill Trainers to join our team. The trainers will be responsible for delivering livelihood-oriented skill training, conducting workshops for skill development and improvement, and facilitating community-based resilience programs. The role requires individuals who are enthusiastic about capacity building, vocational education, and disaster preparedness, and who can motivate trainees to achieve their learning and career goals.

Key Responsibilities

  • Conduct structured training programs in livelihood skills, entrepreneurship, vocational skills, and disaster resilience.
  • Develop innovative and participatory training modules for youth, women, and marginalized communities.
  • Facilitate sessions on life skills, employability, communication, and digital literacy.
  • Provide hands-on demonstrations, group exercises, and interactive learning methods.
  • Train communities on disaster risk reduction (DRR), emergency preparedness, and resilience strategies.
  • Monitor progress of trainees and assess skill development outcomes.
  • Support beneficiaries in accessing livelihood opportunities, self-employment, and micro-entrepreneurship.
  • Prepare training reports, maintain attendance, and document success stories.
  • Collaborate with local partners, NGOs, and government agencies to maximize outreach and impact.

Desired Skills and Qualifications

  • Graduate / Postgraduate in Social Work, Education, Rural Development, Vocational Training, Disaster Management, or related fields.
  • Professional certification or experience in vocational skills training, entrepreneurship, or disaster resilience will be an added advantage.
  • Strong facilitation and communication skills in English and local languages.
  • Ability to motivate and mentor trainees from diverse backgrounds.
  • Knowledge of livelihood programs, community development, and skill-building initiatives.
  • Experience in working with NGOs, skill development missions, or government livelihood programs preferred.
  • Proficiency in MS Office, digital training tools, and online learning platforms.

Why Join Us?

  • Be part of a mission-driven NGO creating real social impact.
  • Opportunity to empower marginalized communities through sustainable skill development.
  • Work on innovative projects in livelihood training, digital empowerment, and disaster resilience.
  • Exposure to national and international collaborations in development initiatives.
  • Flexible and supportive work culture.

Remuneration

  • Competitive salary based on qualifications and experience.
  • Additional benefits as per NGO norms and project-based funding support.

How to Apply

Interested candidates are invited to send their CV, cover letter, and a brief note on their training experience to:

📧 careers@track2training.org
📅 Application Deadline: 16 June 2022

👉 Join Track2Training and contribute to building stronger, skilled, and resilient communities.

Faculty Development Program (FDP) conducted by Track2Training 10 June to 20 June 2020

Daily writing prompt
What time do you go to bed and wake up currently?
View all responses

 The Faculty Development Program (FDP) conducted by Track2Training from June 10 to June 20, 2020, was a comprehensive and immersive online event designed to enhance the skills and competencies of educators in various aspects of teaching and learning. Here is a detailed overview of the program:

Overview

Event: Faculty Development Program
Dates: June 10 – June 20, 2020
Mode: Online
Organizer: Track2Training
Objective: To equip faculty members with modern teaching methodologies, technological tools, and innovative strategies to improve educational delivery and student engagement.

Key Components

  1. Curriculum and Content:
    • The program covered a broad range of topics relevant to contemporary educational practices.
    • Sessions included pedagogical innovations, assessment and evaluation techniques, curriculum design, and integration of technology in teaching.
  2. Schedule and Structure:
    • The FDP was structured over 10 days, with daily sessions divided into lectures, workshops, and interactive discussions.
    • Each day consisted of multiple sessions, including keynotes from industry experts, hands-on training, and Q&A segments.
  3. Learning Management System:
    • The program was facilitated through a robust online learning management system (LMS) that provided seamless access to resources, recorded sessions, and interactive tools.
    • Participants had access to a dashboard for tracking progress, submitting assignments, and engaging with peers and instructors.
  4. Expert Speakers and Facilitators:
    • The FDP featured a lineup of distinguished speakers and facilitators from academia and industry.
    • Experts shared insights on various educational trends, technological advancements, and best practices in teaching.
  5. Interactive and Practical Approach:
    • The sessions emphasized active learning through case studies, group activities, and role-playing exercises.
    • Participants were encouraged to share their experiences and apply new strategies in simulated classroom environments.
  6. Assessment and Feedback:
    • Participants underwent periodic assessments to gauge their understanding and application of the content.
    • Feedback mechanisms were in place to provide constructive criticism and guide improvement.

Detailed Session Breakdown

  1. Day 1-2: Introduction to Modern Pedagogy
    • Overview of current trends in education.
    • Understanding student-centered learning.
    • Techniques for fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
  2. Day 3-4: Technology Integration in Teaching
    • Utilizing digital tools for effective teaching.
    • Introduction to e-learning platforms and virtual classrooms.
    • Best practices for creating engaging multimedia content.
  3. Day 5-6: Curriculum Development and Assessment
    • Principles of curriculum design and alignment with learning outcomes.
    • Innovative assessment techniques for measuring student performance.
    • Designing effective rubrics and feedback mechanisms.
  4. Day 7-8: Enhancing Student Engagement
    • Strategies for motivating and engaging students.
    • Incorporating gamification and interactive elements in lessons.
    • Understanding diverse learning styles and adapting teaching methods.
  5. Day 9: Research and Innovation in Education
    • Encouraging research-based teaching practices.
    • Exploring opportunities for educational research and publication.
    • Introduction to grant writing and research funding.
  6. Day 10: Reflection and Future Directions
    • Reflecting on learning outcomes and personal growth.
    • Developing action plans for implementing new strategies.
    • Networking and collaboration opportunities with fellow educators.

Outcomes and Benefits

  • Enhanced Skill Set: Participants gained practical skills in curriculum development, technology integration, and student engagement.
  • Professional Development: The program contributed to participants’ professional growth, enhancing their teaching effectiveness and career prospects.
  • Networking Opportunities: Attendees connected with peers, experts, and industry leaders, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange.
  • Certification: Participants received a certificate of completion, validating their participation and newly acquired competencies.

The Faculty Development Program organized by Track2Training from June 10 to June 20, 2020, was a highly impactful initiative that equipped educators with essential skills and knowledge to navigate the evolving landscape of education. Through a blend of theoretical insights and practical applications, the program successfully addressed the challenges faced by modern educators and provided a platform for continuous learning and professional advancement.

Integration of knowledge of all subjects to understand dynamics of  planning projects small and big

🌐 Integration of Knowledge in Planning Projects

Planning projects—ranging from a small park to a large urban development—require a holistic understanding that combines multiple fields. Successful planning is not just about drawing maps or designing buildings; it’s about understanding people, space, environment, and systems together.

1️⃣ Core Disciplines Involved

🔹 a) Urban & Regional Planning

  • Zoning, land use, and urban design.
  • Planning frameworks, regulations, and development controls.
  • Site analysis and location assessment.

🔹 b) Architecture & Design

  • Building forms, scale, and aesthetics.
  • Functional layouts of buildings and open spaces.
  • Interior planning and ergonomics.

🔹 c) Environmental Science

  • Climate-responsive design.
  • Water management, drainage, and green infrastructure.
  • Biodiversity and natural resource management.

🔹 d) Sociology & Human Geography

  • Understanding communities, demographics, and social behavior.
  • Cultural practices affecting space usage.
  • Public participation and stakeholder engagement.

🔹 e) Economics & Infrastructure

  • Cost estimation and budget planning.
  • Transport networks, energy systems, and utilities.
  • Land value and economic feasibility studies.

🔹 f) Engineering & Technology

  • Structural engineering for building safety.
  • Civil engineering for roads, bridges, and water systems.
  • GIS, remote sensing, and data analytics for site planning.

2️⃣ Integration for Small Projects

  • Example: Community park
    • Landscape design → aesthetic and functional open space.
    • Environmental knowledge → tree species, water management.
    • Sociology → seating arrangement for different user groups.
    • Urban planning → location accessibility, parking, connectivity.
    • Economics → budget allocation for materials and maintenance.

Integration ensures the park is functional, sustainable, and user-friendly.

3️⃣ Integration for Large Projects

  • Example: Urban housing or industrial township
    • Urban planning → zoning, land-use allocation, circulation networks.
    • Architecture & Engineering → high-rise buildings, structural safety.
    • Environmental science → stormwater management, energy-efficient design.
    • Sociology → designing public spaces, social amenities, schools, hospitals.
    • Economics → phasing development, affordability, financing models.
    • Technology & Data → GIS-based site analysis, traffic modeling, environmental impact assessment.

Integration ensures efficiency, sustainability, social equity, and long-term resilience.

4️⃣ Dynamic Understanding

Planning is dynamic because:

  • Stakeholder needs evolve.
  • Environmental and economic conditions change.
  • Technology introduces new possibilities.

By integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines, planners can adapt, anticipate, and optimize project outcomes.

5️⃣ Key Benefits of Knowledge Integration

AspectBenefit
Multidisciplinary approachHolistic design solutions
Data-driven decisionsAccuracy and reliability
Community-centered designEnhanced user satisfaction
Sustainability focusLong-term environmental and social resilience
Efficient resource useCost-effective projects

✅ In summary:

  • Small projects → integration improves usability, comfort, and aesthetics.
  • Large projects → integration ensures functional, sustainable, and economically viable urban development.
  • Planners must combine planning, architecture, environmental science, sociology, economics, and engineering for informed, dynamic decision-making.