Tag: #learning

Navigating the Future of Education: Insights from Transformative Leadership

Daily writing prompt
When do you feel most productive?
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By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

The landscape of education is perpetually evolving, driven by changes in technology, society, and global challenges. In this dynamic environment, the role of educational leadership has become more critical than ever. The theories and practices that define effective leadership in education are continuously being refined and reimagined. Two pivotal works in the recent scholarly discourse on this topic are by Sharma, S. N., and colleagues—providing profound insights into the transformational strategies and planning required in modern educational contexts.

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Transformative Leadership: A Path to Educational Excellence

In their 2024 work, New Perspectives on Transformative Leadership in Education, Sharma, S. N., and Adeoye, M. A. delve into the concept of transformative leadership in educational settings. This book serves as a seminal text, illustrating how transformative leaders can influence educational institutions to adapt and thrive amid changing educational demands and societal expectations. The authors argue that transformative leadership is not just about incremental improvements but about rethinking and reshaping educational paradigms to foster environments that enhance learning, equity, and the personal development of both students and teachers.

Transformative leaders are depicted as visionaries who dare to challenge the status quo and inspire a collective commitment to goals that elevate the educational experience. They prioritize critical thinking, creativity, and adaptability—skills essential for students to succeed in a rapidly changing world. Moreover, the book discusses the importance of a culturally responsive pedagogy, which acknowledges and utilizes the cultural knowledge, frames of reference, and performance styles of ethnically diverse students to make learning more relevant and effective.

Strategic Planning in Educational Leadership

Further exploring the dimensions of effective educational leadership, Sharma, S. N., and Dehalwar, K.’s 2023 article in the Journal of Planning Education and Research focuses on the strategic planning aspects of educational leadership. The article, titled Council of Planning for Promoting Planning Education and Planning Professionals, emphasizes the need for meticulous strategic planning in educational leadership to cultivate environments that not only promote learning but also professional development in education and planning sectors.

The authors discuss how strategic planning in education involves a systematic process of envisioning a desired future and translating this vision into broadly defined goals or objectives and a sequence of steps to achieve them. By fostering a robust planning culture, educational leaders can better prepare planning professionals to meet future challenges, ensuring that educational institutions remain resilient and responsive to external pressures and internal needs.

Impact and Implementation

Both works underscore the importance of leadership that is adaptive and forward-thinking. Educational leaders are encouraged to embrace innovative approaches and technologies that support interactive and inclusive learning environments. For instance, integrating digital tools and fostering a digital mindset can significantly enhance the accessibility and quality of education, preparing students for the digital economy.

Additionally, these leadership styles and strategies emphasize the importance of continuous learning and development for educators themselves, advocating for professional development programs that equip educators with the latest pedagogical skills and knowledge.

Conclusion

The insights provided by Sharma, S. N., and colleagues highlight the transformative potential of leadership in education. As we navigate the complexities of 21st-century education, the principles of transformative leadership and strategic planning become indispensable. These leaders do not merely manage resources but catalyze change, inspire innovation, and pave the way for future generations to succeed in an interconnected and ever-evolving world. Through such leadership, education can transcend traditional boundaries and become a powerful tool for societal transformation and personal development.

References

Bush, T. (2007). Educational leadership and management: Theory, policy and practice. South African journal of education, 27(3), 391-406.

Dehalwar, K. Institute of Town Planners India is Dedicated to Planning Education and Development in India.

Dehalwar, K. Religion as Social Work: Understanding its Significance in Planning.

Grogan, M., & Shakeshaft, C. (2010). Women and educational leadership. John Wiley & Sons.

Firestone, W. A., & Riehl, C. (Eds.). (2005). A new agenda for research in educational leadership. Teachers College Press.

Leithwood, K. (2005). Educational Leadership. A Review of the Research. Laboratory for Student Success (LSS), The Mid-Atlantic Regional Educational Laboratory.

Sharma, S. N., & Adeoye, M. A. (2024). New Perspectives on Transformative Leadership in Education (pp. 1–176). EduPub. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10970922

Sharma, S. N., & Dehalwar, K. (2023). Council of Planning for Promoting Planning Education and Planning Professionals. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 43(4), 748-749.

Spillane, J. P. (2004). Educational leadership. Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 26(2), 169-172.

The Importance of Learning New Skills

Daily writing prompt
Describe a risk you took that you do not regret.
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By Dr. Kavita Dehalwar

In an increasingly complex and dynamic world, the ability to acquire new skills is essential for both personal and professional growth. Lifelong learning not only enhances social inclusion, active citizenship, and personal development but also competitiveness and employability (European Commission, 2020).

Photo by Antoni Shkraba on Pexels.com

Adaptability and Career Advancement

The modern workforce is characterized by rapid technological changes and an evolving job market. As routine tasks become automated, there is a growing demand for skills that are uniquely human, such as emotional intelligence, creativity, and strategic thinking (World Economic Forum, 2020). Learning new skills enables individuals to stay relevant and competitive in their careers. For instance, a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research highlights that continuous skill development is critical in adapting to new technologies and work processes (Autor, D., 2015).

Cognitive Benefits and Personal Development

Engaging in the learning process has significant cognitive benefits. According to research published in the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, learning new skills can enhance brain function, improve memory, and decrease the risk of dementia (Smith, J., 2017). Additionally, setting and achieving learning goals contributes to higher self-esteem and well-being (Zimmerman, B. J., 2000).

Social Impact and Connectivity

Learning new skills often involves social interactions, which can strengthen community ties and enhance social networks. Educational psychologist John Dewey argued that education and learning are fundamentally social and interactive processes that build community and foster relationships (Dewey, J., 1938).

Economic Impact

On an economic level, a skilled workforce is crucial for the growth and competitiveness of economies. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) asserts that countries with higher levels of skill proficiency among their populations tend to have higher rates of economic growth (OECD, 2019).

In conclusion, the importance of learning new skills cannot be overstated. It is a powerful tool for personal empowerment, career development, cognitive health, and social connectivity. As such, individuals, educators, and policymakers must prioritize and facilitate continuous learning opportunities.

References

European Commission. (2020). Skills for a digital world. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu

World Economic Forum. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report 2020. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org

Autor, D. (2015). Why are there still so many jobs? The history and future of workplace automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 3-30.

Smith, J. (2017). Enhancing brain functions: Learning a new skill strengthens brain networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 29(5), 1022-1034.

Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 82-91.

Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and Education. New York: Touchstone.

OECD. (2019). Skills matter: Additional results from the survey of adult skills. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org

How has technology changed Educational Teaching jobs

Daily writing prompt
How has technology changed your job?
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By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

Technology has significantly transformed the landscape of educational teaching jobs, revolutionizing the way educators teach and students learn. Here are some ways in which technology has reshaped educational teaching jobs:

  1. Access to Information: Technology has democratized access to information, allowing educators to supplement traditional teaching materials with a wealth of online resources such as e-books, academic journals, multimedia presentations, and educational websites. This abundance of information enables teachers to create more dynamic and engaging lessons tailored to the diverse needs and interests of their students.
  2. Interactive Learning Tools: Educational technology tools, such as interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and learning management systems, have enhanced the classroom experience by facilitating interactive and collaborative learning. These tools enable educators to create immersive learning environments where students can actively engage with course material, participate in virtual simulations, and collaborate with peers in real-time.
  3. Personalized Learning: Technology has enabled the implementation of personalized learning approaches, allowing educators to tailor instruction to individual student needs, interests, and learning styles. Adaptive learning platforms, intelligent tutoring systems, and educational software with built-in analytics provide valuable insights into student progress and performance, enabling teachers to differentiate instruction and provide targeted support where needed.
  4. Remote Teaching and Learning: The proliferation of digital communication tools and online learning platforms has facilitated remote teaching and learning, especially in the wake of global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Educators can conduct virtual classes, deliver lectures via video conferencing, and engage students in online discussions, breaking down geographical barriers and expanding access to education.
  5. Blended Learning Models: Blended learning models, which combine traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning activities, have become increasingly popular in educational settings. Technology enables educators to create hybrid learning environments where students can access course materials, collaborate with peers, and participate in interactive activities both in the classroom and online, fostering flexibility and autonomy in learning.
  6. Professional Development Opportunities: Technology has also transformed professional development opportunities for educators, providing access to online courses, webinars, virtual conferences, and digital learning communities. Educators can engage in ongoing professional growth, exchange best practices with peers, and stay abreast of the latest trends and innovations in education, enhancing their teaching effectiveness and job satisfaction.
  7. Data-Driven Decision Making: Educational technology tools capture vast amounts of data on student performance, engagement, and learning outcomes. By analyzing this data, educators can make data-driven decisions to optimize instruction, identify areas for improvement, and tailor interventions to support student success. Data analytics tools enable educators to monitor student progress in real-time and adjust teaching strategies accordingly.
  8. Global Collaboration and Communication: Technology has facilitated global collaboration and communication among educators and students, breaking down cultural barriers and fostering cross-cultural understanding. Educators can collaborate with colleagues from around the world, participate in global projects and initiatives, and expose students to diverse perspectives and experiences, preparing them for success in an interconnected world.

In conclusion, technology has fundamentally transformed educational teaching jobs, empowering educators to enhance the quality, accessibility, and effectiveness of teaching and learning. By leveraging technology tools and innovative pedagogical approaches, educators can create dynamic learning experiences that inspire curiosity, foster critical thinking, and prepare students for success in the 21st century.

References

Januszewski, A., & Molenda, M. (Eds.). (2013). Educational technology: A definition with commentary. Routledge.

Kumar, K. L. (1996). Educational technology. New Age International.

Luppicini, R. (2005). A systems definition of educational technology in society. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 8(3), 103-109.

Mangal, S. K., & Mangal, U. (2019). Essentials of educational technology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..

Saettler, P. (2004). The evolution of American educational technology. IAP.

Spector, J. M. (2001). An overview of progress and problems in educational technology. Interactive educational multimedia: IEM, 27-37.

Unveiling the Top Secret Skills to Thrive in the Modern Age

Daily writing prompt
What’s a secret skill or ability you have or wish you had?
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By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements, globalization, and ever-evolving societal landscapes, the skill sets required to succeed have undergone a profound transformation. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and dynamic, certain skills have emerged as invaluable assets in navigating the complexities of the modern age. These skills not only empower individuals to adapt to change but also enable them to thrive amidst uncertainty and competition. Here, we unveil the top secret skills essential for success in the modern era.

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  1. Adaptability and Resilience: In a world where change is constant, adaptability and resilience are paramount. The ability to swiftly adjust to new circumstances, learn new technologies, and bounce back from setbacks is indispensable. Those who can embrace change and view challenges as opportunities for growth are better equipped to succeed in today’s fast-paced environment.
  2. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving: With an abundance of information at our fingertips, the ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information is crucial. Critical thinking enables individuals to make sound decisions, solve complex problems, and innovate effectively. In an age where solutions are not always obvious, those who can think critically are invaluable assets to any organization.
  3. Digital Literacy: As digital technologies continue to permeate every aspect of our lives, digital literacy has become non-negotiable. Proficiency in using digital tools, navigating online platforms, and understanding digital security is essential for both personal and professional success. From basic computer skills to advanced data analysis, individuals who are digitally literate are better equipped to thrive in the modern workforce.
  4. Emotional Intelligence: In a hyper-connected world, interpersonal skills are more important than ever. Emotional intelligence, which encompasses self-awareness, empathy, and effective communication, plays a crucial role in building strong relationships and navigating social dynamics. Individuals with high emotional intelligence are better equipped to collaborate with others, resolve conflicts, and inspire teams towards common goals.
  5. Creativity and Innovation: In an increasingly competitive marketplace, creativity and innovation are key drivers of success. The ability to think outside the box, generate novel ideas, and turn them into reality is highly sought after. Whether it’s developing groundbreaking products, designing captivating marketing campaigns, or finding inventive solutions to complex problems, creativity fuels progress and sets individuals apart in a crowded landscape.
  6. Cultural Competence: As the world becomes more interconnected, cultural competence is essential for effective communication and collaboration across diverse settings. Understanding and appreciating different cultures, perspectives, and ways of thinking fosters inclusivity and enhances teamwork. Individuals who possess cultural competence are better equipped to navigate multicultural environments and leverage diversity as a source of strength.
  7. Lifelong Learning: In a knowledge-driven economy, the pursuit of learning doesn’t end with formal education. Lifelong learning, characterized by a growth mindset and a commitment to continuous self-improvement, is vital for staying relevant and adaptable in the face of change. Whether through formal education, online courses, or hands-on experience, individuals who prioritize learning are better positioned to thrive in an ever-evolving world.

In conclusion, the modern age demands a new set of skills to navigate its complexities and seize its opportunities. From adaptability and critical thinking to digital literacy and emotional intelligence, the top secret skills outlined above are essential for success in today’s dynamic landscape. By cultivating these skills, individuals can not only survive but thrive in the modern era, unlocking their full potential and making a meaningful impact in the world.

References

Cashion, J., & Palmieri, P. (2002). The secret is the teacher: The learner’s view of online learning. National Centre for Vocational Education Research.

Goleman, D. (2008). The secret to success. The Education Digest, 74(4), 8.

Noel, P. (2006). The secret life of teacher educators: becoming a teacher educator in the learning and skills sector. Journal of vocational education and training, 58(2), 151-170.

Thornton, C. (2016). Group and team coaching: The secret life of groups. Routledge.

Watson, J. (2019). The Secret of Success. IEEE Potentials, 38(6), 8-12.

Unveiling the Power of STEM: A Journey into the Heart of Innovation

By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, collectively known as STEM, form the bedrock of innovation and progress in our modern world. From groundbreaking discoveries in medicine to the latest advancements in artificial intelligence, STEM fields play a pivotal role in shaping the future of humanity. In this article, we’ll delve into the significance of STEM and explore how it drives innovation across various sectors.

Science:

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At the heart of STEM lies science—the pursuit of knowledge through observation, experimentation, and analysis. Scientific discoveries have transformed our understanding of the natural world and led to revolutionary breakthroughs. From Isaac Newton’s laws of motion to the discovery of DNA structure by James Watson and Francis Crick, science lays the foundation for technological advancements and drives innovation by answering fundamental questions about the universe.

Technology:

Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, and it permeates every aspect of our daily lives. The rapid evolution of technology has given rise to the digital age, with innovations like smartphones, the internet, and artificial intelligence becoming integral parts of society. STEM professionals in the field of technology are instrumental in developing new software, hardware, and systems that enhance efficiency, communication, and overall quality of life.

Engineering:

Engineers are the architects of the technological landscape, translating scientific principles into tangible solutions. Whether it’s designing sustainable infrastructure, creating cutting-edge medical devices, or developing renewable energy sources, engineers play a crucial role in addressing global challenges. STEM-driven engineering fosters creativity, problem-solving, and a commitment to building a better future.

Mathematics:

Mathematics serves as the language of STEM, providing the framework for scientific theories and technological applications. From cryptography algorithms to predicting climate patterns, mathematics is the invisible force that underpins many advancements. Mathematicians contribute not only to theoretical frameworks but also to practical solutions in various fields, including finance, cryptography, and data analysis.

STEM in Action:

STEM education and research are essential components for nurturing the next generation of innovators. Initiatives promoting STEM in schools, colleges, and universities aim to equip students with the skills and knowledge needed to tackle complex problems. Hands-on experiments, coding workshops, and collaborative projects cultivate a passion for STEM disciplines and prepare future leaders for the challenges of tomorrow.

Challenges and Opportunities:

While STEM has propelled humanity forward, it also faces challenges such as gender and racial underrepresentation. Efforts are being made to bridge these gaps and create a more inclusive environment. Additionally, the ethical implications of technological advancements, such as privacy concerns and the impact on employment, demand careful consideration and responsible innovation.

Conclusion:

STEM is more than just an acronym; it is a dynamic force that drives progress and shapes the world we live in. As we continue to explore the frontiers of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, the possibilities for innovation are boundless. By fostering a culture of curiosity, collaboration, and inclusivity, we can unlock the full potential of STEM and build a future that embraces the limitless opportunities it presents.

References

Bongso, A., & Richards, M. (2004). History and perspective of stem cell research. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 18(6), 827-842.

Breiner, J. M., Harkness, S. S., Johnson, C. C., & Koehler, C. M. (2012). What is STEM? A discussion about conceptions of STEM in education and partnerships. School science and mathematics, 112(1), 3-11.

Brown, R., Brown, J., Reardon, K., & Merrill, C. (2011). Understanding STEM: current perceptions. Technology and Engineering Teacher, 70(6), 5.

Dehalwar, K., & Sharma, S. N. (2024). Exploring the Distinctions between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods. Think India Journal, 27(1), 7-15.

English, L. D. (2016). STEM education K-12: Perspectives on integration. International Journal of STEM education, 3, 1-8.

Sharma, S. N., & Dehalwar, K. (2023). Council of Planning for Promoting Planning Education and Planning Professionals. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 43(4), 748-749.

Increasing Institutional effectiveness in Higher Education Institutions: Meaning Perspectives Vs Transformative strategies 

By Chengalroyen N.

MSc, University of Pretoria, South Africa.

Summary/Abstract

Those who are interested in educational pedagogy are most likely familiar with the term “Transformative learning”, it is a widely accepted approach to adult education. But what does it really mean? And how do we get past the jargon and theory to put into practice? Let’s explore it a bit more and consider practical applications for individuals, institutions and learning environments. The speaker will outline how transformative learning pairs with an educational theory (how does teaching fit into a student’s world view) and will explore concrete ways to address transformative learning strategies: 1) problem-solving; 2) training and education; 

  • Institutional culture; 4) personal development; and 5) leadership) directly correlated to student performance in line with organizational goals.

Lets firstly understand the term Institutional Effectiveness ?

Acc to  The Society for College and University Planning(SCUP):

Is a Higher Education Institutions effort to organize assessment, evaluation and improvement initiatives so that the institution can determine how well it is fulfilling its mission and achieving its goals.

Vision                         Mission                                  Objectives                           Goals

What are Meaning Perspectives: How is this aligned with an Educational Theory

Is an overarching term that describes a collection of theories that explain the application, interpretation and purpose of learning(Acc to Mezirow: 2023).It pairs a Constructivist learning perspective- the idea that meaning is constructed from experience and internal understanding- with the importance of communication and reflection.

So….

As educators, How do we put this in practice?

We develop a “TEACHING PHILOSOPHY”(TP)-which is a “Believe Statement” in which we use theoretical concepts that help to explain the learning processes we wish to utilise and this will have the potential to inform educational approaches, curricula and assessments.

What must the TP should state….?

Must motivate the teacher to learn about the subject matter?

What are the expected outcomes of your teaching?

Teacher – student relationship you hope to achieve?

How do you measure if your lessons are successful?

What values do you impart on your students?

What code of ethics guides you?

What themes pervades your teaching?

What are the 3 types of TP that Educators can utilize to increase Institutional effectiveness?

Acc to the teaching Academy..

  1. Perennialism

Values knowledge that transcends time.This is a subject -centered philosophy.The goal of a perennialis educator is to teach students to think rationlly and develop minds that can think critically.

  • Progressivism

Progressivists believe that individuality,progress and change are fundamental to one education.They believe that students learn best from what they consider most relevant to their lives, centre their curricula on the needs,experiences, interests and abilities of students

  • Essentialism

Is also subject-centered aimed at teaching basic skills.This philosophy advocates training the mind focussing on transmiitting a series of progressively difficult topics and promotion of students to the next level.

So….

How does this then add value to “Transformational Learning”?

The Educator must then align his/her Teaching Philosophy to that of transfomational teaching and learning approaches expained bt the following Model Strategies.

A Transformative Model of Strategies?: Approach to teaching and learning that can increase Institutional Effectiveness

  • Problem Solving:

Do an initial brainstorm.

Be open to making mistakes.

Challenge personal assumptions about the “right way” of doing things.

Look for novel solutions from other sources, especially those outside of the field/culture.

Reflect on what worked , what didn’t  and why?

Know sooner, Act faster approach.

Address administrative challenges promptly(trigger events).

Provide tools/opportunities for discussion and debate.

  • Institutional Culture

Create mentoring and job shadowing programs.

Enhance commitment for the development of synergetic actions.

Encourage collaboration across teams to broaden perspectives.

Encourage individuals and teams to take risks: treat failure as progress and growth.

Engage employees in activities that challenge the status quo such as thought provoking documentaries, annual field trips  and experiential learning games.

Provide safe spaces for employees to voice their say but must be done democratically.

Transformative re-design of educational curriculums into community engagement.

Integrating student development into academic activities.

Interconnected technology systems.

  • Personal development

Be open to changing your personal perspectives.

Push your personal boundaries through travel, trying new activities, meeting new people.

Keep up to date with new evidence-based practices

Keep a journal for ideas and reflection.

Growth of leadership skills.

Strengthening emotional intelligence.

  • Leadership and Governance

Strengthen gaps in policies.

Advance best practices.

Promote transdisciplinary approaches .

Embrace team efforts.

Collaborate with different groups with a diverse set of peers to share and brainstorm ideas.

Advocate professional development opportunities.

Attend skills development opportunities.

Adopt practices that force you to rethink your methods and beliefs on a regular basis.

  • Training and Education

Ask students to share their initial thoughts on the subject(pre knowledge).

Use engaging activities and /or rich media to further connect with students.

Ask students to reflect on the activities and discussion and how those may have impacted their thoughts on the topic.

Conclusion

This pendulum represents a balance, and to have harmony, one side must not out way the other.Therefore, to maintain constant Institutional Effectiveness in Higher Education there must be a balance by what the educator believe statement meets effective teaching and learning approaches. 

References

  1. Mezirow, J. 2023: Transformative learning: Theory to Practice; New directions for adult and Continuing Education; No 74(11): 5-6.

What is Focus Group Discussion Research Technique

Bloganuary writing prompt
Think back on your most memorable road trip.
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By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is a qualitative research technique that plays a crucial role in exploring and understanding complex social phenomena. This method brings together a small, diverse group of participants to discuss a specific topic under the guidance of a skilled moderator. Through open and dynamic interaction, FGDs provide researchers with rich insights into participants’ perspectives, attitudes, and experiences.

Key Components of Focus Group Discussions:

  1. Participants:
    • FGDs typically involve 6 to 12 participants who share common characteristics relevant to the research question. Participants are selected to ensure diversity in opinions and experiences.
  2. Moderator:
    • A skilled moderator facilitates the discussion, guiding participants through the conversation while encouraging openness. Moderators use a predetermined set of open-ended questions to explore various aspects of the research topic.
  3. Focus Group Guide:
    • A carefully crafted set of questions, known as a focus group guide, serves as the backbone of the discussion. These questions are open-ended, allowing participants to express their thoughts freely.
  4. Setting:
    • FGDs are conducted in a conducive environment that promotes open communication. The setting should be comfortable, neutral, and free from distractions to encourage participants to share their thoughts openly.
  5. Recording:
    • Sessions are often recorded, either through audio or video, to capture the richness of the discussion. This allows researchers to revisit and analyze the data more thoroughly.

The Focus Group Discussion Process:

  1. Introduction:
    • The session begins with a warm welcome and an introduction to the purpose of the discussion. Participants are encouraged to express their opinions freely, creating a comfortable atmosphere.
  2. Warm-up Questions:
    • To ease participants into the discussion, moderators start with broad and non-threatening questions. This helps build rapport and sets the tone for more in-depth exploration.
  3. Main Discussion:
    • The moderator guides the conversation using the focus group guide, allowing participants to express their thoughts and react to each other’s comments. This interactive process often leads to the emergence of shared understandings and diverse perspectives.
  4. Probing and Clarification:
    • Moderators use probing techniques to delve deeper into participants’ responses, seeking clarification and encouraging a more detailed exploration of ideas. This helps uncover nuanced insights.
  5. Closing:
    • The session concludes with a summary of key points and a debriefing with participants. This provides an opportunity for participants to reflect on the discussion and ask any final questions.

Advantages of Focus Group Discussions:

  1. Rich Data:
    • FGDs generate in-depth qualitative data, capturing the complexity and nuances of participants’ perspectives.
  2. Group Dynamics:
    • Interactions within the group can reveal social dynamics, shared beliefs, and divergent opinions that may not surface in individual interviews.
  3. Real-time Insights:
    • The dynamic nature of FGDs allows researchers to capture real-time reactions and responses, providing a more authentic understanding of participants’ perspectives.
  4. Exploratory Nature:
    • FGDs are particularly useful in the early stages of research when exploring new topics or generating hypotheses.
  5. Cost-Effective:
    • Compared to one-on-one interviews, FGDs can be a more cost-effective way to gather insights from multiple participants simultaneously.

Challenges and Considerations:

  1. Group Influence:
    • Group dynamics may lead to conformity or hesitation in expressing dissenting opinions. Skilled moderation is crucial to mitigate these effects.
  2. Moderator Bias:
    • Moderators must be aware of their biases and strive to maintain neutrality to ensure the discussion remains participant-driven.
  3. Data Analysis Complexity:
    • Analyzing FGD data can be complex due to the multitude of perspectives. Thorough analysis involves identifying patterns, themes, and divergent viewpoints.
  4. Generalization Limitations:
    • Findings from FGDs are often context-specific and may not be easily generalized to larger populations. Therefore, researchers should complement FGDs with other research methods for a more comprehensive understanding.

In conclusion, Focus Group Discussions are a powerful qualitative research technique that provides valuable insights into the social, cultural, and behavioral dimensions of a research question. When conducted with careful planning, skilled moderation, and thoughtful analysis, FGDs contribute significantly to the depth and richness of qualitative research. Researchers across various disciplines continue to embrace this method as an essential tool in unraveling the complexities of human experience and perception.

References

Bohnsack, R. (2004). Group discussion and focus groups. A companion to qualitative research, 214-221.

Dehalwar, K., & Sharma, S. N. (2023). Fundamentals of Research Writing and Uses of Research Methodologies.

Dehalwar, K., & Singh, J. (2015). A Critical Evaluation of the main Causes of Water Management Problems in Indian Urban Areas. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences. 4, 8.

Hennink, M. M. (2013). Focus group discussions. Oxford University Press.

Moretti, F., van Vliet, L., Bensing, J., Deledda, G., Mazzi, M., Rimondini, M., … & Fletcher, I. (2011). A standardized approach to qualitative content analysis of focus group discussions from different countries. Patient education and counseling, 82(3), 420-428.

O. Nyumba, T., Wilson, K., Derrick, C. J., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation. Methods in Ecology and evolution, 9(1), 20-32.

Sharma, S. N., Chatterjee, S., & Dehalwar, K. (2023). Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: Challenges and Opportunities. Think India Journal, 26(1), 7-15.

Wong, L. P. (2008). Focus group discussion: a tool for health and medical research. Singapore Med J, 49(3), 256-60.

Learning how to learn!

“Focused” and “Diffused” Modes

When learning, there are times in which you are focused and times in which you allow your mind to wander. Both modes are valuable to allow your brain to learn something.
Take regular breaks, meditate, think about other things, and give yourself plenty of time in both modes.

Chunking

This is the idea of breaking what you want to learn into concepts. The goal is to learn each concept in a way that they each become like a well-known puzzle piece. 
To master a concept, you not only need to know it but also to know how it fits into the bigger picture.

Beware of Illusions of Competence

There are many ways in which we can make ourselves feel like we have “learned” a concept. Instead of highlighting or underlining, rather take brief notes that summarize key concepts.

Recall

Take a couple of minutes to summarize or recall the material you are trying to learn. It goes a long way to taking something from short-term memory to long-term learning.

Bite-Sized Testing

To avoid breakthrough illusions of competence, you should test yourself as you’re encountering new material. The recall is a simple example of this mini-testing.

Over-Learning

Do not spend too much time in one sitting going over the same material over and over again. The law of diminishing returns certainly applies. Spread it out over many sessions and many different modes of learning.

Interleaving

Once you have a basic understanding of what you are trying to learn, practice jumping back and forth between problems that require different techniques. This will solidify your understanding of the concepts by learning how to choose to apply them in various situations. Knowing when to apply a particular concept is as important as knowing how.

Process over Product

When facing procrastination, think of the process over the product.
Instead of thinking that you have to get X done, rather think to spend an hour on X. It is then not overwhelming and doesn’t require a long breakdown of tasks.

Metaphors and Analogies

They are often talked about as helpful study techniques. 
Try to make a deliberate effort to teach what you learn to someone else and, in doing so, you will likely be forced to explain concepts with relatable metaphors and analogies.

Study Groups / Teamwork

This has proven to be most beneficial to maintain continued progress and hold each other accountable. Finding the right group is key.

Reference

https://medium.com/learn-love-code/learnings-from-learning-how-to-learn-19d149920dc4

Scientific ways to learn anything faster

Say it out loud

Learning and memory benefit from active involvement. When you add speaking to it, the content becomes more defined in long-term memory and more memorable.

Take notes by hand

Most of us can type very fast, but research shows writing your notes by hand will allow you to learn more.
Taking notes by hand enhances both comprehension and retention.

Chunk your study sessions

Studying over some time is more effective than waiting until the last minute.
The distributed practise works because each time you try to remember something, the memory becomes harder to forget.

Self-testing is highly effective

Regularly testing yourself will speed up learning. When you test yourself and answer incorrectly, you are more likely to recall the right answer after you look it up. You will also remember that you didn’t remember.

Change the way you practice

Repeating anything over and over might not be the best way to master that task. If you practice a slightly different version, you will learn more and faster. For example, if you want to master a new presentation:

  • Rehearse the basic skill. 
  • Wait at least six hours to allow your memory to consolidate.
  • Practice again, but speak a little faster. 
  • Practice next by speaking slower.
  • Break your presentation into smaller steps. Master each chunk, then put it back together.
  • Change the conditions. It will prepare you better for the unexpected.
Exercise regularly

According to research, regular exercise can improve memory recall.
Exercise also increases a protein (BDNF – brain-derived neurotrophic factor) that supports the function, growth, and survival of brain cells.

Sleep more, learn more

When you sleep, most of the consolidation process occurs.
In contrast, sleep deprivation can affect your ability to commit new data to memory and consolidate any short-term memories.

Concepts in parallel

Interleaving – studying related concepts or skills in parallel – improves your brain’s ability to differentiate between concepts or skills. It helps you to learn and gain an understanding at a deeper level.
Instead of focusing on one subject during a learning session, learn several subjects or skills in succession.

Teach someone else

Research shows that those who teach, speed up their learning and remember more.
Even just preparing to teach means that you will seek out key points and organize information into a coherent structure. 

Build on what you know

When you have to learn something new, try to associate it with something you are already familiar with. Then you only have to learn where it differs. You’ll also be able to apply greater context, which will help with memory storage and retrieval.

Reference

https://www.inc.com/jeff-haden/these-10-scientific-ways-to-learn-anything-faster-could-change-everything-you-know-about-dramatically-improving-your-memory.html

VALUE EDUCATION- A REMEDY FOR SOCIAL EVILS

Education is provided everywhere in today’s world but the concept of value education is not provided. No one feels the need of providing value education to the students, no one teaches that. The institutions and schools only provide education to their students, how to learn and write, but no one gives the knowledge of values to them. There is no stress in the educational institutions to uplift the students morally, spiritually and physically. The need of the hour is to impart value based education. Morals, ethical values, performance of duty, regard and consideration for fellow human beings, sympathy and compassion seem to have gone with the wind in this modern, complex and fast competitive era. We should realise the real aim of education, which is to provide moral values, to follow the concept of value education in every small and large educational institution.

Modern education simply prepare students to acquire degrees or diplomas in general or specialized fields but value education helps for the all round development, inculcate moral values. It teaches a person to handle their responsibilities well, be compassionate and a decent human being. It makes a person sacrificing and empathetic in nature which can decrease the crime rate and all the social evils happening in our society. The students must be learned to keep values as top priority.

WHAT IS SOCIAL EVIL?

Social evil is any pain or suffering brought by the evil intentions or actions of many individuals. It harms a person and even toxics their life to death. Common social evils include- caste system, poverty, dowry system, domestic violence, no education for girls, illiteracy etc. These are happening from a very long time and if no value education is provided within a right time, these evils continue to happen.

ROLE OF EDUCATION IN PREVENTING SOCIAL EVILS-

Education enables people to distinguish good and bad and become a good person in the society. Value education provides the overall learning to the people. It makes them go through the various areas of knowledge, the individual becomes able to distinguish good from the evil and right from the wrong. It helps the students to become more sensible and responsible towards their work. It generates a feeling of compassion to other human beings and develop a sense of belongingness in them. It makes a person helping in nature and they try to help people and not to harm them in any way. It helps them to understand the perspective of life in a better way and lead a successful life. They become a responsible citizen of the country and make their country secure from any social evil. It also help students to develop a strong relationship with family and friends. Education also empowers women to fight for their rights and challenge inequality. It gives them learning about their various rights and duties and how should they exercise it. Value education can cure economic inequality and poverty, racism and sexism. It can make the life and future of a person better and act as backbone in society. It develops the character of a person and improves the inner personality. If it is rightly exercised in every institution, then the social evils will come to an end.

    CONCLUSION-

    Our education should lay stress on cultivating human values. A really educated person has the capacity of self-sacrifice. A dedicated individual is a boon to the society and the nation. In fact value education can help in removing all social and cultural evils. We need vigilant men and women to help India march forward. Thus, it is very important to include the concept of value education to remove all the social evils happening in our country.

    ” The aim of education is the knowledge not of facts but of values.”- William Ralph Inge

    TIPS AND TRICKS TO LEARN A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE EASILY

    Hey, so you are ready to learn a programming language. Find out how you can learn a programming language easily.

    Many find learning a programming language difficult and are giving up even before starting their journey of coding. Come on! Nothing comes easy in this world. Every software engineer learns to code before e becomes one. Learning a programming language is not like you think. Nowadays, ads are showing demand for a small child who created an app by learning to code. So, why can’t you? Your learning process needs to be clear and straight.

    Coder
    Coder

    1.First things first

                             Learn the fundamentals proper and clearly. Don’t skip the introduction part, even if you have prior knowledge about it. Learning through youtube videos and online courses are the best options. If you want to learn through text, then check out ‘w3schools.com’. Take a side by side notes while watching videos by hand or using ‘slid for browser.’

    It's all about fundamentals
    It’s all about fundamentals

    2.Learn by doing

                              Try out the codes you’ve learned in the online compilers. Practice more coding exercises in online platforms like GeekforGeeks, HackerRank, etc. Try to solve problems in your courses by yourself is the best way to get more knowledge about the use of your code.

    3.Ask for help

                           When you have no idea to solve your problem statement, see the hints, comments, or ask for help. Don’t just copy-paste their code. Try to understand the logic behind their code and try it yourself. Don’t blindly code without understanding.

    4.Take breaks

            If you’re stuck with your code for a long time and couldn’t able to find the rabbit hole in your program, then take a short break. Having a short break while debugging your code can help you efficiently.

    Take a break.
    Take a break

    Never give up! Stick to one programming language, which is your cup of tea. The top five easiest programming languages to learn for beginners are HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, and Ruby.

    Reasons Why Continuous Learning is Important

    The digital revolution has put a premium on reskilling and upskilling, especially in light of enormous unemployment, rising inequality, and a talent deficit. As a result, businesses have taken the lead in providing a better learning environment for their employees. In fact, given the rapidly changing nature of the workforce, optimizing the learning experience has become more of a must than a requirement.We’ll go over everything about the learning experience, its value, and how it affects learner engagement in this article. We’ll delve into this topic in depth to provide you with the knowledge you need to offer an effective learning experience.

    1. Maintain relevancy

    Don’t let yourself down. Maintain your relevance in your industry by staying current with trends and adjusting your skill set. To stay relevant in today’s quickly changing technological environment, you must constantly master new skills.

    2. Expect the unexpected.

    Lifelong learning will assist you in adapting to unanticipated changes, such as losing your job and having to rely on new abilities to obtain work. You’ll be more comfortable stepping out of your comfort zone and taking on new employment chances if you keep learning.

    3. Enhance your online presence

    When you are always learning, you will continue to improve, advance in your job, and begin to obtain recommendations from coworkers and managers. It’s likely that you’ll change professions several times over your career, and you’ll need to learn new skills to keep up.

    4. Confidence comes from competence.

    Learning new skills offers us a sense of success, which enhances our self-confidence; you’ll also feel more prepared to take on new tasks and enter into new business initiatives.5. Generate new ideasLearning new abilities will open up new doors and assist you in coming up with creative solutions to difficulties. You may be able to earn extra money as a result of this.

    5. Developing leadership abilities

    Learning is a powerful instrument for providing knowledgeable experiences that meet unique life difficulties. It pushes people to reach out and grab hold of potential possibilities. You must have a passion for information since it will open new opportunities and give you the confidence you need to continue along this path.

    6. Professional Advancement

    The willingness to study can lead to a variety of opportunities for professional advancement. Although having a college diploma or a degree does not guarantee you a dream career, it does help. Employers nowadays search for supplementary or transferable skills, knowledge, and practical learning abilities in candidates before hiring them for any position.

    E-LEARNING: Pros and Cons

    E-learning system was one which wasn’t preferred by everybody before the pandemic. A live classroom session can never be the same as an online class session. In my opinion, classes through the internet are not generally interactive as much as a live class session because individuals might feel a little shy or uncomfortable with online interactions. There are chances for less clarity or more misunderstanding between a group or individuals. Nothing can actually beat the comfortability of attending live classroom sessions. But online classes are not that really bad!! Though they are used in rare cases, they are still quite helpful. They are technological improvements to help man save time, money and energy. In the present condition where people are battling bravely against the coronavirus pandemic, schools, college and other educational institutions are shut down. There was no time for these institutions to weigh the positives and negatives of e-learning because it became the necessary default. It is because of the improvements in technology that a child is not stopped from learning. The present generation is already accustomed to the use of technology and therefore it is a blessing in disguise because there would be no problem in the context of adjusting or learning or comfortability. E-leaning has provided a virtual place for individuals and mentors to interact with each other, learn and grow. They do have some pros and cons which are discussed below:

    PROS OF E-LEARNING:

    • COST EFFECTIVE- E-learning is useful because it can be accessed from any desired destination. It is a least cost way to learn any course or subject. One just needs a computer or mobile phone and there is no need for any other materials or tools. It is the most affordable learning option without any difficulties.
    • FASTER DELIVERY- Generally, the organisation of real training sessions requires a lot of time and money. With the invention of e-learning, all these costs are not incurred due to virtual classrooms and sessions.
    • ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY- Nowadays, there is a lot of campaigns and awareness programmes about pollution. E-learning has not only allowed people to learn from their comfortable place but also prevented pollution from their vehicles.
    • PERSONALIZED TRAINING EXPERIENCE- A person can attend their trainings at their own pace in e-learning because during real classes, the trainers might move on faster will trainees find it difficult to adapt to the pace.
    • INTERNET CONNECTION- Internet connection is 24*7 and a person can attend their course anytime, anywhere at their comfort.
    • ENCOURAGES INDEPENDENT LEARNING- An individual needn’t be dependent on somebody to learn something. A small pay for a training or course can help a person to learn independently without hassles.

    CONS OF E-LEARNING:

    • TECHNOLOGY ACCESS- E-learners have to use technology in order to access the courses and trainings. The learner may neither have an experience or knowledge to use the technology nor an internet connection.
    • TECHNICAL GLITCHES- E-learning comes with a lot of technical glitches which are not very easy to rectify. It needs a technical knowledge to handle such a situation. Thus, in such situations the absence of such knowledge can provide problems to a person.
    • PEER INTERACTION- There would be less of peer interaction. There is anonymity between the fellow mates attending the same training. Except the trainer, we never know who is on the other side of the screen.

    RELEVANT LINKS: https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/general-editors-choice/how-is-online-education-helping-offline-education-during-the-lockdown-121062500209_1.html https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/e-learning https://e-student.org/what-is-e-learning/

    IMPORTANCE OF INTERNSHIPS

    Is it really important to join as an intern especially after you join college? Is there any real benefits of pursuing an internship? Does it add value to your resume? All these question will be answered below.

    An internship is a short term work experience a person receives to gain practical knowledge from an organization. It helps a person to gain real life experiences and professional contacts. They time duration for an internship maybe for a few days, weeks or months. Some companies also provide payment to interns for their work in the form of stipend. Internships are pursued by students from colleges and universities to have the actual exposure to their field of interest. It naturally adds much weightage to that student’s resume. Generally internships were confined only to specific subjects or fields. But now, internship became a necessity for almost all fields.

    In this highly competitive world, the more you qualify the more your standing. An individual will be placed unique in a crowd where others have just gained knowledge through books. For instance, when you go for an interview in an organisation or company with a resume carrying various internships that you pursued related to the job you are applying, you stand a better chance to get employed because the aim of each and every employer is to choose from the best. Also the employer needn’t train you because you already have on field experience which saves their cost of training. Thus it adds some weightage to your resume. Students choose a path as a career when they join college. However it might not be of their interest or comfort. Internships are a great way to explore your career path and aid the intern to know whether the field is suitable to him/her. Some internships help you bring out the talents from the inside that you never knew. Internships also help people to assess themselves by testing their subject and understanding it through practical application. There are also things that can never be learnt by reading. It is all about observing and following the same. University learning can only bring you to a certain level. A student can develop professional touch in his work only through internships. An internship is also used as a chance to prove oneself to be efficient, hard working and clever. There are also possibilities for the company to offer you a job in the near future because they know they are employing the right person with the perfect skills needed for a certain position in an organisation. Going through an internship, a person may encounter and establish a lot of professional contacts who can be very useful in career advising and job recommendations. In a field say marketing, an intern is hired for work in various departments such as product designing, product promotion, pricing etc. it exposes an intern to various departments and help the mentor to assess the capacity of the intern and aids him to delegate responsibilities to the intern. Finally, it is a safe environment to learn and mistakes can be corrected before you enter into your first job.

    HAPPY LEARNING!!!

    RELEVANT LINKS:https://blog.suny.edu/2018/06/10-reasons-why-an-internship-is-important-to-all-students/ https://www.thebalancecareers.com/is-an-internship-really-all-that-important-1986800

    What Is the Best Time to Post a Blog and How to Test it?

    Are you wondering when should you publish blog posts? Do you want to hit that sweet spot where you get the most traffic, social shares, and comments?

    If you’ve just written a great blog post and want it to go viral, then publishing time can play an important role.

    In this article, we’ll show you what is the best time to post a blog by going through key facts. We’ll also show you how you can test the best time to take your blogs live.

    Let’s kick things off with a look at…

    Best Time of Day to Post a Blog for More Pageviews

    As you start blogging, you’ll have many questions like what time of day should you publish a post. Or which days are best for getting the most traffic.

    To answers such queries, different studies have been done where agencies and websites have gone through tons of data.

    And among them is a study conducted by Shareaholic in 2011 that shows the best time to publish a blog post is early morning between 7 AM to 1 PM EST on weekdays.

    The peak is between 9 AM and 10 AM, which shows when you can schedule or publish your posts.

    Building upon the same point,

    shows that 70% of users read blogs in the morning (during the AM hours).

    &It makes sense as people starting their day would be going through emails, planning their week, and reading up on the latest news.

    That said, people do read blogs throughout the day, so you can publish posts in the later hours as well. Now let’s see which days you should take your blogs live.

    Best Days to Publish a Blog Post for Traffic

    Along with time, different studies show that posting blogs on certain days can help generate more traffic. And which days are we talking about?

    Shareaholic suggested that the best day to post a blog is Monday if you want more pageviews. Similarly, Kissmetrics also says that Monday is the best to publish a post and generate traffic.

    What’s the Best Time to Post a Blog for Social Shares?

    When it comes to engaging people on social media, you’d want to push your blog post when your users are active.

    And to give you an idea of what’s the best day for getting social shares, consider a study by TrackMaven. They analyzed 65,000+ blogs and suggested that blogs published on a Sunday get

    A possible reason for this could be that on the weekend’s people have more time to read through your content and then come up with a reply.

    So, if you have a topic that wants user opinion or start a conversation, then this is the best time to post a blog.

    But what if these times don’t work for your website? How can you find the best publishing day and hour for your content pieces? Let’s find out.

    How to Test the Best Time to Post a Blog?

    The researches we’ve shown you in our article provide a benchmark but in reality, there’s no best time to publish blogs.

    That’s because these studies use their own samples of websites to provide a generalized conclusion. And most of them are very old, going back to 2011.

    A better way to find the best time to post a blog is by doing your own testing. By monitoring which days and time you get most visitors and engagement, you’ll know the optimal time of publishing.

    And the best tool to help you out is MonsterInsights. It’s the leading WordPress plugin for Google Analytics and makes decision making easy by providing insights about your site’s performance with detailed reports inside your dashboard.

    MonsterInsights makes it super easy to set up custom dimensions on your website and start tracking custom data of your choice in Google Analytics.

    With the help of its Custom Dimensions Addon, you can exactly see what’s the best time to post a blog. Not only that, you can set up custom tracking of individual authors, post types, category and more.

    You can follow our complete guide to custom dimensions in Google Analytics for configuring tracking of best publishing times.