Our climate is changing. A shift in the number of wildfires, tsunamis, earthquakes, droughts, and heavy rainfalls has been attributed to climate change. These changes have had an impact on agriculture and wildlife, including the introduction of new pests and depleting habitats.

Humans and our current life style practices remain the leading contributors to climate change, with carbon being the main culprit.

The Impact of Carbon
According to Architecture 2030, nine hundred billion square feet of buildings will be newly constructed or renovated by 2030. Buildings are one of the leading contributors to carbon emission, mainly from their use of fossil fuels during operations. In fact, cities and urban areas are responsible for approximately 75 percent of carbon emissions. If these buildings continue to be developed and run in the traditional manner, the environmental damage will only progress.

Thankfully, with an increased focus on the hazards that buildings emit into the atmosphere, companies are starting to consider adopting greener initiatives. Cities worldwide are investing in climate action plans with the goal of reducing their environmental footprint. This includes “Smart City” initiatives to better manage existing infrastructure, zero waste policies, alternative energy sources, and researching the potential of developing net zero buildings.

Resource Efficient
Integrating sustainable resources that are long lasting is key to ensuring that a structure is fully sustainable. Products such as reclaimed wood, recycled plastic or glass, as well as energy-efficient, locally sourced materials such as concrete that naturally contains a high thermal mass, will ensure that the building is resource efficient.

Net Zero as a Solution
Net zero, however, for several companies and homeowners, still feels largely unattainable. Cost, restricting policies and procedures, and limited information often create roadblocks for making these energy-neutral buildings a reality. To be able to create these buildings, end users and investors need to both understand and value the chosen solution. This includes investing in energy-efficient solutions and advocating for standards that are environmentally responsible while being cost effective at the same time.

So what does it mean to be environmentally responsible? Creating an environmentally responsible building begins with an understanding of the current systems that negatively impact the environment, such as heating and cooling, and finding alternatives that will decrease the impact. This includes looking at both the site and size of the structure to reduce the amount of resources used. The key is to minimize the overall impact on the environment. Once the site is determined, architects and builders need to look at how the structure of the building can insulate (keep energy in), while also integrating solutions that will store any excess heat in the winter and that will pre-cool the structure in summer during the night.

A net zero building needs to produce as much energy as it consumes. This requires some outside-of-the-box thinking and the integration of a variety of solutions that seamlessly work together for a healthier environment. Because heating and cooling are two of the main sources of carbon, it makes sense to begin by looking at systems that will reduce the use of HVAC systems.

One project that did exactly this was the Ed Lumley Centre for Engineering Innovation at the University of Windsor campus. With a desire for cleaner air, this project included the installation of a bio wall. This wall, which includes 1,500 plants, naturally filters the carbon dioxide in the air and then transfers its freshness to the entire building. This building also boasts glass and solar systems, a green roof that collects and filters rain water, and hollow core slabs to both harness and store energy and in turn decrease the use of traditional HVAC systems.

Green buildings are not about implementing one solution alone; instead, the architects and engineers need to work in collaboration to find solutions that will lessen the carbon footprint. Each aspect of the building needs to be considered, from the insulation to how energy will be harnessed, stored, and released.

Developing a Foundation for Net Positive
Increased awareness of not only the value, but the necessity of adopting green building initiatives in new builds and retrofits is critical. All those involved in the green building industry, including builders, engineers, and architects, play a vital role in helping to shift thinking at both the industry and consumer levels. This includes educating and advocating for the adoption of solutions that will have a positive impact: green solutions that will pave the way to a net positive tomorrow.

As we all know that there are multi culture in India …in every state of India you will find a collection of different cultured people…like, their language will be different…. their costumes will be different …their rituals will be different…but only one thing is there which provides uniqueness to India , that all the people live together…..whatever their background is , they cooperate and compromise and live with unity….

we have seen so much examples of their unity…some are as follows:

we see a Muslim family’s child is participating in dress competition by wearing lord Krishna’s dress,

 we see that Sikhs are organizing langar for Muslims…

we see that a Muslim girl in Mumbai wins GITA contest…..

we see in a Hindu Ganpati Pandal in Mumbai which became a makeshift venue for Eid Namaaz for Muslims, as the nearby mosque had run out of space……..

We see in Mumbai a woman was in a critical condition and about to deliver when some female devotees took her to the Ganpati Temple, Wadala, Mumbai and gave birth to a baby boy. And, couple named the boy “Ganesh”.

We see when soldiers are on border they are there for India not for their religion.

We see when a cricket match is going on then everyone whatever they are they just cheer for India like, indiaaaaaa……indiaaaaaa….

we see that Muslims make way on road while Hindus pass silently during Ganesha chaturthi …….and the list is so long….

you know what there are mainly 5 religions India named as, Hinduism,Muslims,Sikhism,Christianity,Buddhism,Jainism…….

you know what there are 22 languages in India named as, Assamese,Bengali,Bodo,Dogri,Gujarati,Kannada,Kashmiri, Konkani,Maithili,Malayalam,Manipuri,Marathi,Nepali,Odia,Punjabi,Sanskrit,Santali,Sindhi,Tamil,Telugu,Urdu and Hindi….At present, as per the Ministry of Home Affairs, there are demands for inclusion of 38 more languages in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution.

In India whatever the person is Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Christian, Jain….if you ask them that who are they? Then you know what!!! What they will answer??…. They will say that they are AN INDIAN….how many languages speak in India but there is only one language that connect them with each other and that language is of love, humanity, respect, care……SO FEEL PROUD TO BE AN INDIAN…….and I can’t stop my feelings to share the famous lines and that are….

MAZHAB NAHI SIKHATA, AAPAS MEIN BAIR RAKHNA HINDI HAI HUM, WATAN HAI HINDUSTAN HAMARA…….

The judiciary is a system of courts which take decisions by interpreting the law. In judiciary is a independent body, which has separate powers, especially to interpret the constitution and other statutes to take any decision in the court of law. The judiciary is one of the organ of the government along with executive and legislature, and only if all of them function properly it lead to the development of the nation. When the judiciary goes beyond the provisions of the constitution and other statutes to take a decision, and thinks about the political, moral, ethical and social aspects of taking the decision, then it is said that the court law has taken decision through “Judicial Activism”. This has been defined by Black’s Law Dictionary as the “philosophy of judicial decision-making whereby judges allow their personal views about public policy, among other factors, to guide their decisions.”Ironically judicial activism is no where to be defined in the Indian Constitution or other statutes. Only the supreme courts and high courts can use the process of judicial activism to take a decision. There has been an evolution in respect to this concept from the times of independence. From those times efforts have been taken to implement judicial activism, however it is being effectively followed only from the past few years. P.N Bhagwati was the first one to use judicial activism to introduce the concept of PIL (Public Interest Litigation). 

In the starting stages, where the legislature was just building up, it did not give importance to judicial activism, rather it stuck to its old traditional ways. Only after a decade or two after India got independence in 1947, the concept of judicial activism just started to evolve. The course of judicial activism in the nation did take some wild turns, and its origin and evolution will de discussed further in the article. The concept of judicial activism started gaining power firstly in the Keshwananda Bharti case, where it was declared that the basic structure of the constitution shall not be prone to nay change, this decision was taken place when our hon’ble prime minister Indira Gandhi imposed an emergency in the nation, even though the judiciary was under pressure, it took the right decision by keeping judicial activism in mind. Later in the In A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, the Supreme Court of India has rejected the claim that a person cannot be deprived of art 21 only by due process of law, but that procedure established should be reasonable and fair. It stated that this was a mistake of the makers of the constitution as it has been omitted by them during its making. This has taken another turn when the word “life” under article 21 does not simply mean mere existence, but means that every human being shall carry on life with dignity and respect in the society. Then in 1967, in the Golaknath & Ors vs State Of Punjab, the supreme court has given the judgement that the fundamental rights under part III of the constitution shall not be amended, even if it could be done as stated under article 368 with a two third majority in both the houses of parliament. The PIL case which was mentioned earlier has also judicial activism possible in India, as it avoids unnecessary litigation, and gives anyone the chance to file a case. There are several cases which were landmark judgments to the concept of judicial activism, like Hussainara Khatoon (I) v. State of Bihar, Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration,etc.

However, there have been some criticism that the concept of judicial activism is facing. Firstly, due to this concept the judge often displays personal opinions in the judgment given, which may or may not be considered good in the eyes of the society. Secondly, when the judiciary is using this concept to take decision in vital cases, it is displaying the power which wasn’t given to it, hence we can say that the separation of powers is not being followed. It is said that the judiciary which does not consist the elected members, is lowering the power of the executive and judiciary. There has also been a confusion between judicial review and judicial activism, where judicial review means the actions of the legislature and executive could be reviewed by the judiciary if they are complying to the provisions of the Constitution and other statutes. There is a very slight difference between both of them, and both have been considered useful in th terms of law. 

In Spite of the criticism judicial activism has been proven to be very useful, especially in todays world. The application of law should differ as per the changes in the society, as the trend, belief, thoughts and values change in the society the laws have to change for the well being of its citizens. The times has come where the judges should take bold decisions, and they have to use their power to provide equal and fair justice to all. Some recent cases where judicial activism has done a great service to the society are, declaring Right to privacy as a fundamental right in the Justice K.S.Puttuswamy v. Union of India and others case, criminalising triple talaq in the Shayara Bano v. Union of India case , legalising passive euthanasia in  Common Cause v. Union of India case, declaring Right to marriage as a fundamental Right in Shakti Vahini v. Union of India case, and many more such cases. 

Therefore, we can come to a conclusion that there are positives and negatives to judicial activism, it has been beneficial in bringing change through certain judgements, and it has been bad as it has affected the authority of elected representatives, government officials, ministries, and the police. If there is legislation on judicial activism, many problems related to power and authority maybe avoided, but this to may have some concern. However it did play a significant role in getting justice to different classes of the society. 

Artificial intelligence is a combination of a human intelligence and thinking capacities along with machines, when a machine conducts like a human being or animal, and displayed analytical and logical reasoning skills like a human, it is termed as “ Artificial Intelligence”(AI).  AI literally means use of a human intelligence not by a human, as it is artificial. It is a field in computer science, and AI can function like a human being without any human help. The rise of AI, has posed many challenges in the field of law. Many questions have arised regarding the legality of AI, its application, the legality of its actions, and the change that has to be brought in the books of law. The legal issues and challenges related to AI have been discussed as follows: 

• Liability: It is the state of being legally responsible for something, if in case an offence which led to some damage has been committed by AI, who would be held liable, would it be the creator, the consumer or any other middleman. Law has to make new provision regarding the apportionment of liability in the case of AI. Even if the liability has been established, what would be the nature of the offence, civil or criminal, and what would be the punishments and penalties for the same. 
•  Recognition of AI as a person/citizen: Should AI be recognised as a natural and legal human being and be bestowed with all the human rights, can we regard AI as a person who can fulfill human obligations, and should citizenship be granted to AI technologies like robots. These are issues which have made the legislature think about giving citizenship to robots. The law does not recognise a robot as a person, and if any offense has been committed by the robot, it is assumed that the manufacture, creator, and other parties are held responsible, but can they be held responsible is the question. A robot can be established for a particular reason, but there are things which are out of the control of the creator and actions can take place which have not been anticipated, when the mental intention to cause harm does not exist, can one be punished for the actions of their creation. The only nation which gives citizenship to a robot is Saudi Arabia, it has given citizenship to a humanoid robot named Sophia. 
• Data Privacy: For AI to operate, lots of data has to be analysed, collected, processed and uploaded to a robot or any other AI technology, there are high risks where there can be misuse of personal data, which can lead to various cyber crimes. Measures have to taken regarding the security of the data which s being used, they have to be taken in such a way where confidentiality of sensitive information can be maintained. Even if such measures are taken some data can be leaked involuntarily. The Personal Data Protection Bill 2018 (Data Privacy Bill) in India, has been implemented recently which makes the organisations using the data accountable for its privacy, there is a provision which states that AI should have the right to forget information which may pose a threat. However this provision is still highly debatable, as forgetting it may affect the learning abilities of AI even more. 
• Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): IPR are the rights given to intangible creations which have been created or invented out of human intellect. The four types of IPR are copyrights, trademarks, patents and trade secrets, these are given for different creations according to the conditions specified. These rights give recognition and protection to all intangible creations. All the above rights do not take non-human or AI creation into consideration, so what if AI creates new things out of its intelligence, hence in the future the definition of the above rights may have to change, and no longer its traditional ways can be followed. 
• Agreements and Contracts:  AI if used effectively and efficiently, can make up a perfect contact managing system, where all the disputes related to contracts could be solved using AI, The mechanism and procedures relating to drafting a contract can also be done by AI. In the future we can even expect smart contracts, where all the above functions will take place in the digital world, but for all these to happen either newer provisions or changes to older ones in the contract law has to be brought suitable to AI. 
• Competition Law: AI will use different type of technology for it to function better than a normal human being, and the companies and firms who possess AI mabe in an advantaged position than its competitors, as use of AI can lead to better services to consumers, and accurate decisions of pricing strategies. AI can capture the situations in the market, and accordingly analyse the information and give proper steps which have to be taken by the firm. However, this is considered to be anti competitive and illegal under the Competition Act, 2002, which prohibits anti-competitive agreements and combinations, and firms having a dominant position over others. Competition shall be in a fair manner. Therefore changes have to be made in the law to make sure no one gets the benefit out of using AI as a protection to the activities taking place in the firm.

These are the major legal challenges that are being faced due to artificial intelligence, these are not all of them, but they constitute some of the important ones. We are presently in a fast moving generation, in it becomes vital to understand the legal and ethical implications of AI and its effects. AI has been proved to be beneficial in many ways, but if not controlled properly, may act as a threat to the dignity of the nation, and the only way this can be avoided is by making provisions in the present legislative framework regarding AI and it applicability. The provisions should be framed after taking into consideration all the above challenges, and effective follow up action should also be done. The stricter the legislation, the lesser the problems. All the above challenges and issues act as shortcomings or drawbacks to the field of law, the traditional legal frameworks is no longer applicable, it should be changed according to the situations prevailing around us. AI will continue to face such barriers as long as no change ir brought, it high time we recognise new technology in the world. 

The principles of natural justice (PNJ) are set of principles and procedures which are used in adjudication of disputes between two parties, adjudication should happen in an unbiased way, and opportunity to be heard should be given by blithe parties, and bothe should have equal access to the tribunal. There is no specific definition of natural justice, it is a combination of a few principles which is used in the filed of law as common practices. These principles are universally valid, and are usually followed by all. The term natural justice has been derived form the roman term “Jus Natural”, and they are considered to be a part of common law. Ironically they have not been codified, it is assumed that they have to be followed in any situation. The principles state that proper procedure have to be used in the process of decision making, no matter what the decision is, but the procedure should be conductor in an effective and efficient way. There are three principles of natural justice:

1. The Doctrine of Bias: Nemo Judex In Causa Sua is a latin phrase which means “No one should be a judge in his own case” as that leads to a biased decision. The person who has the authority to give the decision in a case, which is usually the judge should be unbiased and impartial, the judgment has to be taken on the basis of arguments and evidence and nothing else. The probability of a bias existing is enough to prevet a judge from sitting in the judgement taking place. There are three kinds a bias which cane take place and they have been discussed as follows: 

• Pecuniary Bias: When the judge has pecuniary or financial interest or economic interest in the subject matter of the case, the person can no longer be considered a judge. If such a bias is discovered in the process of litigation he/she can be disqualified a s a judge making them unfit as a judge. 
• Personal Bias: Such a bias takes place when there is some sort of relationship existing between the party in litigation and the judge, the relationship can be in th form of friendship, family relations, professional, and enmity. The above stated reasons may take the form of a biased decision, but such a bias is highly unnoticed by the judge, as it takes place involuntarily just with the emotions. However if it is proved strict actions will be taken against the judge.
• Official Bias/ Bias as to the subject matter: If the judge has interest in the subject matter of the case, and if judgement is given in a particular manner may favour the judge professionally or personally of considered as an official bias. To disqualify the judge on this ground it has to proves that there is some direct connection between the judge and issues in the dispute.

2. Doctrine of Fair Hearing: Audi Alteram Partem means “to hear the other side”. This second principle pf natural justice means that everyone has to be given the opportunity to be heard. Action cannot be taken against the person if he was unheard. The process of litigation shall happen through fair hearing by both both the parties, they should be given a chance to present their arguments and cases, There are two parts to this doctrine:

• Notice: A prior notice has to be issued by the deciding authority to party involved against whom action is to be taken. The notice should contain all the necessary information place, times, the nature of hearing, and other material details. After the notice is given the lawsuit will be initiated in a fair manner. The notice should also indicate the evidence upon which the action will be taken . The notice is like the final opportunity the receiver has to resolve the matter without going to the court of law, it is ike the final warning. After the notice has been issued reasonable time has to be given to make representation of the case and evidence in the court. 
• Fair Hearing: The person against whom the order is passed shall be aware of all the actions that are going to be taken against him in full detail, the right to cross examination and the right to legal representation (right to have lawyer) has to be given to the parties, only if all the above are fulfilled it is considered that the principle of fair hearing has taken place. They are all a part of the right of fair hearing. 

3. The third principle of natural justice of “Reasoned Decision”, it states that reasonable reasons have to be recorded and told to the aggrieved party for taking the decision. Only if they seem satisfactory the decision will be considered valid. Giving reason can also be useful for one to appeal in higher courts as it is a requirement for appeal. Cessante Ratione Legis Cessat Ipsa Lex  means “Reason is the soul of the law, and when such reason ceases to be there so does the law”, this outlines the necessity and importance of speaking order (order containing the reason behind the judgement) or reasoned decision. 

There are several exceptions where the principles of natural justice are not followed , like when it is excluded in statutory provisions, constitutional provisions, are matters of confidentiality, public interest, during emergencies, etc. However it is majorly followed by all. We can come to a conclusion that the principles of natural justices were implemented so that the dignity and human rights of an individual could be protected, against the arbitrary legislative system where there are chances of injustice. It ensures that justice is given to all in a clear and fair manner. Hence, they play an important role in the field of law. 

The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, which is popularly known as the NDPS Act, was implemented to make strict provisions related to controlling the operation of narcotics drugs and psychotropic substances, and other material concerned with them. The main reason behind the act to be legislated was that The opium Act 1852, The opium Act 1878 and the Hazardous Drugs Act 1930 were considered to be insufficient to regulate all the activities relating to drugs and psychotropic substances, hence it became necessary to enact a new law which could update the provisions in the previous acts and bring some change to its functioning. The NDPS Act has been amended three times till now, in 1988, 2001 and 2014. This act is applicable to the while of india, and to all of its citizens no matter where they are. Before we go into the details of the act, one should understand the definition of a narcotic drug and a psychotropic substance.

• A Narcotic Drug is a substance which is used for numbing your senses, relieve pain , and causes one to sleep. If it is used by medical practitioners in a limited amount its for a good cause, but it become illicit when one uses it without the guidance of a medical practitioner, for obtaining pleasure by changing the levels of consciousness, feeling and emotions. They go into their own world of fantasies, it is usually taken to attain happiness. Narcotic drug means coca leaf, cannabis (hemp), opium, poppy straw and includes all manufactured drugs as defined under the act. 
• A Psychotropic substances contain many drugs under it which are used to alter the functions of the brain, mood, actions and thoughts. Examples of such substances are alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, marijuana,  are usually legal if used by doctors, and the illegal ones are narcotics like heroin, LSD, cocaine, and amphetamines. 

Features, Aims and objectives of the act have been discussed as follows:

• Narcotic Control Board (NCB) was established under the act to fulfill its objectives, it id headquartered at Delhi. The structure of the Board members has been clearly given in the act. The narcotic commissioner and other officers are appointed bu the central government, and the board is responsible to frame the rules and regulation regarding producing and cultivating opium, measures to be taken to control the drug menace, and illicit drug trafficking, etc. 
• The act also provides the punishments and penalties to the offences that are committed under the act, and the offences are considered to non bailable, and cognizable, and it aims in increasing the penalties and the level of punishments for such offences. 
• According to the act, a committee named the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic substances Consultative committee was formed which was an advisory committee which was established by the central government, to provide advices in matters of drug use control, not only this but also a fund separately for the purpose of controlling drug abuse was also formed, it was the National Fund for control of drug abuse. 
• The act clearly defined various terms like addict, cannabis, coca, and many other such terms. It has been defined in a clear and crisp way leading to no vagueness. 
• The act aimed to totally prevent drug abuse, it occurs when a person uses a drug more than prescribed not for medical use, but for other uses like to obtain pleasure. 
• The act has provisions which restrict the cultivation, manufacture and trade of dangerous drugs. It has provisions, where some drugs are totally prohibited to be cultivated, drugs which could be cultivated if controlled and regulated by the central government, and drugs which could be grown under the control and regulation of state government.
• The supreme objective of the act is to prevent a person from becoming a drug addict, so that they could live a happy life. This act ensures the welfare of the people. 

At a conclusion, we can tell that the act has brought a lot of change in the society, it was considered as a good step taken by the government. However there was some criticism which was associated with act, it was told that it has been poorly legislated as the same penalties was stated for many offences, there was no differentiation made between hard and soft drugs, degree of an offence was not realised, etc. Anyway, in spite of the criticism an impressive change has been brought in the society, efforts have been taken to formulate the correct strategies and policies, and awareness has been brought regarding the cons of drug and its use.  This act controlled the drug menace to a large extent throught its strict applications and laws.

Energy’s deathprint is the number of people killed by one kind of energy or another per kWhr produced. Coal is the worst. Energy’s deathprint is the number of people killed by one kind of energy or another per kWhr produced.According to the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control, and the National Academy of Science, the worst adverse impacts on health comes from fossil fuel and biofuel/biomass sources. The World Health organization estimates that air pollution, the primary reason for coal’s high mortality rate, kills 7 million people annually.

This is because fossil fuel and biofuel/biomass cause upper respiratory distress from the carbon particulates that are burned, which is kind of a second-hand black lung. Our lungs don’t like carbon particulates, whether it is from burning coal or smoking cigarettes. The global average of deaths per trillion kWhr is 100,000, while China alone is 170,000. Because the U.S. uses scrubbers, the rate is only 10,000 per trillion kWhr. 

This strong performance is due to the Clean Air Act, passed in 1963, that covers a range of issues, from improving operational safety to limiting harmful emissions. These regulations require new coal-fired plants to capture 98% of Sulphur dioxide produced, and 90% of dangerous nitrogen oxide emissions.

Together, Coal and hydropower are accountable for more than half of the world’s electricity production, and the deathprints of both sectors reflect a similar pattern. Where regulation is stronger, as in the U.S., there are fewer deaths. The hydro mortality rate in the U.S. is just 5 per trillion kWhr. Whereas, the rate is 1,400 around the world. 

This tight regulation of the hydropower industry has helped to minimize unsafe practices. There are rules for the licensing, construction and monitoring of hydropower plants. The Division of Hydropower Administration and Compliance handles the assessments of hydropower facilities once they are in commercial operation, ensuring an element of impartial federal oversight in projects over the long-term.

Power sources such as biomass, which are largely decentralized and common in developing countries, see substantially higher mortality rates, notwithstanding the relatively small-scale nature of these facilities. While biomass produces only 21% of the world energy, it produces 10,000 deaths per trillion kWhr.

Biomass is an essential fuel source for people in under developed countries. More than two billion people worldwide rely on burning wood, charcoal and animal waste to cook food on a daily basis. Because of inefficiencies in these cooking methods, human health is severely undermined. Lack of ventilation and the nonexistence of filters for harmful products, such as soot particles, contribute to the dangers to human health. The World Health Organization stated that around four million people die every year from illnesses associated to household air pollution.

Rooftop solar is much more dangerous than nuclear or wind power. It would be safer if the solar panels were imbedded in the shingles, or if robots could be used to install rooftop solar panels. 1 amp could easily kill a person. Imagine what could happen if you put your hands in the terminal outputs of a solar panel, which produces 6 amps or better. Solar panels cannot be turned off.  There is no switch to cut their voltage to zero. As long as there is sunlight, a solar panel will have open circuit voltage in its terminals waiting to close the circuit, whether it be a wire or heaven forbid, a human hand.  

Wind turbines can also cause injury to humans and wildlife. This is especially true in the immediate area surrounding the tower.  Although it’s rare today, a tower can throw a blade when a blade breaks free of the turbine and becomes a very large dangerous projectile.

Can wind power make people sick? The rapidly spinning blades can produce a faint but distinguishing noise. As the blades spin through the air, a noise is generated. The turbine machinery also makes a noise. Infrasound, is sound that is lower in frequency than 20 Hz or cycles per second. Infrasound is the main issue for those anxious about wind-turbine syndrome. Both the audible sound and the vibrations that come from wind turbines might be a factor with health problems reported by some people who live close to wind farms. Some symptoms of wind-turbine syndrome include headaches, sleep problems, night terror, tinnitus, irritability, anxiety, and concentration problems.

Workers falling off of towers and roofs during installation are the main causes of death. Hydroelectric deaths come from the rare but calamitous dam collapses, such as the Banqiao, China, tragedy in 1976, which killed 171,000.

So, what is the safest energy for the future? This might come as a surprise . . . nuclear energy is by far the safest energy source.  It has more than 330 times fewer deaths than coal; 250 times less than oil; and 38 times fewer than gas. 

How we generate energy in the future will decide if we will destroy the environment, promote political conflicts, and even cause human deaths as unasked for side effects. Even when we include Chernobyl and Fukushima, the math discloses that the amount of energy generated by nuclear is so extensive that it more than outweighs these incidents over the long-term. Nuclear energy results in only one-quarter the number of deaths per terrawatt hour as wind, which is the second safest.

When the reactors at the Fukushima plant in Japan went into meltdown there were no fatalities and no adverse health effects. Although the accident causing zero deaths, it provoked anti-nuclear demonstrations worldwide. The disaster at Chernobyl is unlikely to be replicated, as the safeguards at Chernobyl were deficient, lacking vital layers of containment, which would have confined the tragedy. It was these vital layers of containment that a partial meltdown on Three Mile Island avoided any deaths and no observable long-term health effects.

There are numerous advantages to nuclear power other than just the safety benefits. Nuclear power is clean, efficient and effective. Nuclear power does not discharge harmful emissions into the environment like coal and oil. Nuclear power does not need a daily consumption of resources like coal does. Nuclear power is fueled by uranium, which is a natural material that is abundant throughout the world.

Emotional not rational reasons are why people have rejected nuclear energy. Looking at the basic facts, nuclear energy is the cleanest, safest, and cheapest approach to energy production. The risks of nuclear energy are greatly exaggerated by activists, politicians, and the media, which promote agendas rather than fact. 

Right to food is a human right that protects the dignity of a human being by making sure there availability of food to all, in adequate amounts to feed all, and they are accessible to all in the nearest place possible. This right ensures that no person suffers with malnutrition or food security, and everyone is free from hunger.Right to food is one of the important human rights as food acts as a means of survival to everyone, and it ensures growth and development of a person, only if one is physically fit and healthy, they will be mentally and emotionally strong.  We will be discussing the international and national perspectives of Right to food. 

Internationally, the right to food was mentioned in many conferences and conventions, where there was a connection brought between right to food and human rights. Many stated that human rights can protected effectively and efficiently only if one is healthy, and has been guaranteed the right to food, hence a correlation existed between both of them. The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948 stated that “everyone has the right to a standard living adequate for health and well being for himself and his family, including food..” under its 25th article. Later in 1966 when the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) has stated that the state has an obligation towards its society to ensure standard of living by providing adequate means of survival like food, shelter and clothing, this was given under article 11, this convention came into force on 1976. Then in 1990 when the Convention on the rights of Child was enforced, it discussed about right to food, from a child’s perspective, how it is important for the growth of the child. It said that the state should ensure nutritious food, clean drinking water and proper health care to all the children, and measure have to be taken to reduce the rates of infant mortality rates that are being caused due to lack of care and food to the pregnant women. At the 1996 World Food Summit, which was conducted by the Food and Agriculture organisation of the United Nations at Rome, stated that all the specialised agencies which define the Right to Food, shall also define the ways to implement it, it gave statistical information regarding deaths caused due to malnutrition and hunger, therefore  after the ways were stated the deaths caused due to the above stated reason has drastically reduced, but they still happen.In 2002 Right to Food was defined in a perfect manner by the Special Rapporteur on the Right To Food as “ The right to have regular, permanent and unrestricted access, either directly or by means of financial purchases, to quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and sufficient food corresponding to the cultural traditions of the people to which the consumer belongs, and which ensure a physical and mental, individual and collective, fulfilling and dignified life free of fear.” Various conventions and treatises have recognised Right to Food as a human right in the future, however the above stated ones were one of the first ones to do it, and they played an important role in shaping the right.

Now lets look in to the position of Right to Food as a fundamental right in India. The Right to Food is a fundamental right and has been guaranteed under Article 21 of the constitution which gives the Right to Life and Personal Liberty, it is not stated in written but it is assumed that life can go on with dignity only if one has the access and availability to adequate food, and there can be an existence of life only if one consumes food. This article should be read along with Article 39(a) and 47 which are the Directive principles of the State Policy (DPSP), which gives the duties of the state towards its citizens to promote the Right to Food. Article 39(a) states that the state has the obligation towards all its citizens to maintain adequate means of livelihood, and article 47 states the duty of the state to raise the levels of standard of living and nutrition in the society. The above two articles indirectly give existence to the Right to Food as a fundamental right. To achieve the right India has taken many efforts, one of them is by passing the the National Food Security Bill, 2011, which was widely known as the Right to Food Bill, this act ensure that subsidised food was given at different rated according to level of poverty and the least among them were the people below the poverty line (BPL) they were given food items with the least cost, and the distribution of such food would be done through public distribution systems (PDS) they were run by the government, also known as ration shops by the local people. The subsidised food items were only given if one had a ration card, which authorises them as the people who can avail such goods, it was only given to the people who were just above and below the poverty line. This measure was quite successful in India. 

Hence, we can to a conclusion that efforts were taken nationally and internationally to promote Right to Food as a human right, and it has brought a change in the rates of death caused due to hunger and malnutrition, but more measures have to be taken to ensure development and progress in the nation. It is said that only if all the human rights are guaranteed in a nation, it leads to increased welfare of its citizen correspondingly making it a more developed country. 

Covid-19 is a pandemic which has spread its wings all over the world. It is a crisis which is very unique can be termed as a health crisis, and it is an all around crisis, affecting the society in all possible ways. It is causing ruckus and chaos all around, there have been disturbances which have been arising socially, economically, politically, legally , and in almost everything which has to do with the welfare of the globe, it is also disrupting international ties between various countries. Law now does play an important role to fight against the pandemic, only of all the rules and regulations regarding lockdown are codified, people will follow it and then there will be relaxation in the situation. Hence, law does play an important role. Further we will be looking into the  impact of Covid-19 from a legal perspective, and will be discussing some solutions regarding the situation.

The major questions arising which need legal solutions are regarding work from home policies, the policies for how competitive exams and cultural events should be conducted, guidelines for conducting online classes and sessions in private and government educational institutions. Due to rise in use of internet and social media making sure that the cyber laws are stringent and there is a good functioning of the police and legislature regarding the cyber crimes. As we have noticed that during the lockdown there were many issues in employments , they have to be taken care of, by proper implementation of laws for the benefit and welfare of the people, like keeping a margin for firing people, or by making laws that no one could be removed during such a difficult time by including the pandemic under a Vis major (Act of God) clause in the contract of employment, however this is a highly debatable topic. There also has to be policies regarding the procedure on how notifications and orders have to be passed by the central and states governments regarding steps to be taken to relax the situation. If look from the societal aspect we can see many marginalised families and migrant workers suffering due to the situation, and the rates for essential goods and services are also increasing irrespective of the present scenario.

Keeping in mind the above problems which are being faced legally and socially we can establish a link between law and society and how law can be an instrument for social change. Law is nothing but a set of rules and regulation which give particular standards within which we human beings should base our actions, it tells us how e should behave and if we rae not behaving in a particular way what are the consequences that are going to be faced by us. Law can bring social change with effective and efficient legislation and implementation, so the solution to the above problem is to draft laws after thorough discussions and make them in a way most suitable to the present scenario, in this way the problems arising legally which in turn also provide solutions socially can lead to the welfare of the nation. Therefore, proper policies can be framed for the above problems with good implementation and follow up action. 

In today’s world everyone has smartphones, laptops, computer and other electronic devices…we know how to use it….but do we know that how to use them in an eco-friendly manner?? ….No…. we just buy the device from market and keep using it and if it becomes useless after some time then we just throw it in dustbin, here are so many devices like this such as charger,battery,cell etc…..we don’t know that how to exactly dispose them….these devices are not good to be mixed in soil, as these devices pollute the soil by releasing harmful toxins in it….

So there is a technique by which one can sort out this problem…and the name of this technique is GREEN COMPUTING..

Green computing is the environmentally responsible and Eco-friendly use of computers and their resources.
In broader terms, it is also defined as the study of designing, manufacturing/engineering, using and disposing of computing devices in a way that reduces their environmental impact.

Apple is taking the pioneer and the leader to green computing. The New Mac mini is a good start. The Apple Mac Book Pro is the best example of product of green IT.

It eliminated many harmful toxins. For example, the mercury used in CCFL back lights and the arsenic contained in the glass of traditional LCD displays. Apple has removed these toxins from all new Mac Book Pro notebooks, and they’ve done the same for the new Mac Book Air, i Mac, Mac Pro, and Mac mini; Apple LED Cinema Display; and iPod touch, iPod classic, iPod nano, iPod shuffle, and iPhone.

It is highly recyclable. The material of the product is formed from recyclable glass, recyclable aluminum and so on. The raw materials used in new Mac Book are very desirable by recycler and it can be reused in other products.

HOW TO ACHIEVE GREEN COMPUTING?
One should make a habit of the following activities to achieve green computing…

Green use: Using computers and other information systems in an environmentally sound manner such as reduce the energy consumption.

Green disposal: When dealing unwanted computers or electronic equipment, recycle them properly. Old computers are also encouraged to be reuse or refurbished.

Green design: Designing energy-efficient and environmentally sound components, computers, servers, cooling equipment, and data centers

Green manufacturing: Manufacturing electronic components, computers, and other associated subsystems with minimal impact on the environment.

ADVANTAGES OF GREEN COMPUTING:
• Reduces the amount of pollutants in surroundings.
• It reduces the amount of heat produce from the electronic devices.
• It encourages the use of renewable resources.
• It promotes effective utilization of natural resources. It reduces the risk existing in PCs due to chemicals that cause nerve damage in humans.
• Reduces environmental impact (less GHG emissions, less e-waste, fewer virgin resources needed for manufacturing new devices).

Animal Cruelty is when animals are abused, when non humans inflict any sort of pain on animals either by killing them or physically abusing them. Some religions in India even encourage that, however there have been efforts put by the government to do away with animal cruelty by punishimg the ones who have committed it. Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 has been implemented with the objectives to prevent the infliction of unnecessary pain on animals. The term animal has been defined under the act as any other living creature which is not a human being. However, the irony here is cruelty is nowhere defined the act. Animal welfare board has been established by the central government under this act, for the purpose of fulfilling the objectives stated under the act mainly revolve around animal welfare.

The functions of the members of the board have been clearly specified to frame rules and regulations regarding animal welfare. The other functions have been discussed as follows:

• They were also made responsible to protect animals during transportation, they made certain rules regarding the design of a transport vehicle to reduce the deaths of animals caused during transportation.
• They had to take measures to protect animals by giving their owners financial assistance, providing rescue homes and shelter to all.
• Proper veterinary assistance had to be ensured which also included proper medical attention in animal hospitals.
• Awareness has to provided through various campaigns and programmes to make sure everyone is aware of the law that exists and they can put an end to animal cruelty.
• The board should advice the government in matters related to animal protection and safety.
• It also has a duty to realise various animal welfare organisations, and provide them varoius benefits.

There also another legislation and even the constitution itself which contains provisions to prevent animal cruelty and to promote animal protection. Animal cruelty is a cognizable offence under section 428 and 429 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Article 48A and article 51A(g) of the constitution have also promoted animal welfare, it has been stated that the state is responsible to take care of the livelihood of all animals it is even a fundamental duty of all citizens to protect animals. Other legislations dealing with animal protection are Prevention of cruelty to Animals, (Slaughterhouse) Rules, 2001, and Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, which consider slaughtering of animal as illegal.

We can sum up the above information and come to a conclusion that The Prevention Of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 prohibits any person to lay their finger on an animal with bad intentions. The Act also makes to crime to kick or beat animals, it is also illegal to use unfit animals for work purposes, it is also a crime to engage animals in various competitions which may arouse them to fight, and after it causes them pain (specifically many religious competitions). It is also illegal to engage in animal in various competitions where they fall prey to like shooting competitions, where the person has to shoot the animal. Surprisingly it is considered as an offense if the owner is unable to take care of the animal, i.e, nor provide proper shelter or food, abandons them, etc. It gives all around safety to animals, however a question may arise that isn’t the law outdated, and further amendments have to be made considering the present situation, and the answer is yes. The law implemented is considered to be outdated, it has never been amended from 1960, which also means that the punishments and penalties remain the same, which may not be right in the present day. We may hope for further amendments in the particular act in the future.

Hence, it has been proved that efforts were taken and will be taken in the matter of animal cruelty. It is necessary to have a good relationship between the man and nature which consists animals, that’s when there will balance between the human beings and non human beings. Stopping animal cruelty not only saves animals but also reduced the global warming and pollution situations which are prevailing in the present day, if animals exist there will be balance in the nature, as everything is interrelated. Therefore, animals should be given the same importance as of animals.

Senior citizens are considered to be the citizens of India who have crossed the age of 60 years. They almost constitute around 10 percent of the population of the nation, and there have been cases reported where there has been gross violation of their human rights. There are certain set of problems which the old aged face which take the form of economic problems, as they have no or less earning at this age, psychological and physical problems, as in they become physically and mentally weak due to various health problems, and social problems, it is the lack of care towards them. India as a nation, gives a lot of importance to the senior citizens, by giving social and economical benefits, and has put forward a legislation named “The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens” which has been implemented to restore the rights of these people by making it mandatory for their children to provide maintenance to them. Various situations have been reported where old age people have been abandoned by their own children, due to which their is a threat to their survival.

The main objectives of the act is to provide maintenance to the senior citizens for the purpose of their livelihood and survival. It also aims at increasing the number of old age homes at each place for the welfare of these citizens. The bill also defines the terms maintenance, senior citizen, parent and child , relative, etc under the act to give a clear view regarding these terms. The key features of the act have been discussed as follows:

• Takes care of the elderly by giving them the provision of maintenance. This act places an obligation on the children and relatives to give maintenance to the senior citizen in the form of monthly allowance, and other such necessities which are required for their survival. When the senior citizen is unable to take care of themselves and live out of the income he is receiving from his/her property ,  then if they apply to the maintenance tribunal, it can be received from the child or children (if more than one) who  are inheriting the property given by the paren or in this case senior citizen. 
• Provision for Maintenance Tribunal : As stated above, it is required for the senior citizen to apply for the tribunal in order to receive maintenance. The state government will decide upon the number of tribunals to be established to fulfill the purpose of the Act.  After the tribunal looks into the matter, and review the situations, if it deems it fit the application will be granted, and the allowance shall not exceed rupess 10,000 per month. The application shall at any cause be disposed within 90 days. If the tribunal find out any misrepresentation it has the power either to cancel the allowance or alter it accordingly. 
• Appeals can go to the courts which is presided by at least a District magistrate. 
• It is not compulsory for a legal practitioner to represent the senior citizen, they can be represented by a social welfare officers. 
• A list of offences an penalties have been clearly stated in the act. Offences like not providing with maintenance, or abandoning an old age person, then either penalties will be taken or the person will be imprisoned for a specific period of time, or even both.  
• The Act has provided other provisions, like for establishing old age homes, and the rules and regulations which has to be followed by it. Ensure special medical attention to senior citizens in hospitals, and shall bring awareness in people regarding the act by various campaigns.

There are other legislations which support the idea od maintenance and taking care of senior citizens by giving them old age security and they are, Article 41 of the constitution which is a DPSP (Directive Principles of State Policy) which makes the state responsible to look after the livelihood of the old age and sick, and two act namely the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 which contain provisions to relating to the children having an obligation to look after their old age parents, by giving maintenance when they are unable to take care of themselves. 

We can come to conclusion that this act makes sure that every senior citizen has livelihood, but does not consider the mental health of them of they are sent to old age homes. I personally feel that there has to be provision stating that if the children are financial  stable then they should look after their parents no matter what. We have to keep one thing in mind that parents have given us a good life by giving us a good education which leads to a good future, hence, we have to take care of them in the same way they took care of us when we were growing up. This act does not entirely take into consideration of the senior citizen but has played an important role for the old person’s survival. 

We have been seeing the efforts that are being taken by the Parliament to put the rights for women in par with the rights of men, but did it strike to you at least once that are the rights which have been given to women in any way being misused. Are women nowadays at a greater advantage than that of men, and are men being exploited out of certain privileges that are given only to women. We have seen a lot of struggles and movements which have been initiated by the women in the society to get justice due to the unequal treatment between man and a woman, but after getting the rights are they honestly using it or, are they taking advantage of it. These maybe the questions that are arising when you first see the title of the article. 

Being a woman I have seen us getting certain privileges that men apparently do not get. We have separate quota when it comes to educational institution, we have separate such reservations in job opportunities, in politics, even when it comes to sitting in a train, we have a separate women’s coach. Since I was born I haven’t seen anything close to what we have now. There have been many complaints and reports showing that women are beinge, raped, abused, prone to domestic violence and many other such crimes, and correspondingly the parliament of India has taken efforts to prevent such crimes by granting women some rules and regulation due to which the crimes can be prevented. 

Now let us take the case of rape, it it given under section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 that if a male commits a rape against a women, then it is consiered as a non bailable offence, which gives the police power to arrest the man just with the women’s word that he has committed rape. This is highly considered to be sexist firstly as it doesn’t think about the consequences that what if the women lied and he is not the rapist, secondly it doesn’t consider the so call Men’s rape, why?. Reports prove that at least 20% of the rape cases are false allegiances. This proves that women are taking advantages in not all but surely in some situations. This represents the loopholes in law, that when something happens to a women it is considered bad and we are supposed to feel sorry for it, but there is not even a basic consideration that what if all the above crimes to women happen to men. Why don’t we consider the probability that it can happen to man as well, just because we think and consider that men are fearless and strong, shouldn’t we think about the men who are vulnerable and weak. Not only regarding rape but we have seen clear signs of sexism when it comes to other crimes like the wife blackmailing the husband to file a case under the Dowry Prohibition Act, even if there was no abuse or violence, and before the amendment in 2018 adultery which has been stated as a crime under Section 497 of the Indian Penal Code, it only considered the man as the person aggrieved and never the women, the wife was considered to be the property of the man, and it was concluded that the man should be punished in cases of adultery and never the women as they are considered to be a special category in the society, and there is no harm in giving them special provisions. Only after 70 years of struggle adultery has finally been decriminalised in India. 

Overall, I wanted to say that there are situations where we women have been clearly misusing our rights. I feel that we have come close to a day where being born as a man will be considered bad, due to all the current laws. Feminism truly means to give men and women equal rights, but in some situations women have an edge over men, they are being exploited and affected. This can be solved if our legislature recognises the threat to men also. Our laws should get more stricter and their application should be done in an effective ans efficient way. All, its hight time and sexism against men should also be taken into consideration. 

Censorship is the process of cutting out or suspending parts of either a film, book, or any material that is going to be published, if it is considered to be unappropriate. It can be unappropriate if it is considered to be obscene, or politically and socially wrong, and if it may pose a threat to the nation’s security.There have been debated regarding censorship saying that it is violating the freedom of speech and expression which is stated under Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian constitution, however it has been argued that censorship is a part of the reasonable restrictions which is stated under article 19(2) which states that the above right can be invoked if it is in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.

A film is the best form of communication which can represent anything in the form of acting through actions, these are so powerful and they can be even used as a means of change in the society. Some even inspire a person’s mind to look out of the box, to achieve their dreams and goals. Cinema/Movies/Film can be of different genres/topics but for it to be published it has to obtain a certificate from the Central Board of Film Certification to be considered legally valid and to make it available for the public exhibition. This board was established under the The Cinematograph Act, 1952 Act which contains rules and regulations regarding censorship, certification of a film and its publication. The board had the duties to give a certificate to the films spending on it’s content, it could be U which states that is a universal movies for all, UA which states that parental guidance is necessary for children to view it, A which means only adult scan watch it, and S which means it is restricted to a special class of people only. The boars also has the power to totally ban the film if it considers it inappropriate, which has been discussed above, it can be in cases where it is portraying a lot of violence, or degrading religions, has a lot of obscene content, discriminating men and women,if it is too political, causes hatred among people etc. Obscenity is subjective and it will be decided from a common person’s point of view in the society in general. Overall we can say that board is the main authority which looks into the overall impact of the film by viewing it themselves, and it either certifies the film, or totally rejects it. 

One of the cases where the issue of censorship was raised firstly was in the K A Abbas v Union of India and was thereby declared that censorship does not violate the freedom of speech and expression, and pre-censorship is to be considered a vital step towards publication. There are a list of offences or crimes which are not supposed to committed by filmmakers, and they have been discussed below:

• Obscenity: It is the portrayal of certain thing which are not considered to be morally decent in the society, it is considered as offensive in the society (usually display of sexual acts). What maybe obscene today may not be the same tomorrow, it is subjective and it changes in par with the thoughts and opinions in the society. However, if indecent of offensive actions are portrayed it is considered to be a crime under section 292, 293, and 294 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). Some sections define obscene content and the other provide for its punishment and penalties. 
• Sedition: The act of publishing information, which bring hate toward the government and incites a person to against the government is called sedition. This is a crime under section 124A of the IPC.
• Defamation: When the content published has defamed a person particularly, it is considered to be a crime under section 499 of IPC.
• If there is any content which promotes hatred towards a particular class in the society on the basis of gender, class, race, religion, caste, place of birth, language, etc then it is considered to be a crime under section 153A of the IPC. 
• When there is a contract or an agreement between the makers of the film and the movie theatres, stating that the film can be published only in certain theatres and not all, this is an offence.

There are other legislations and not only the above sections in IPC  for the above offences and crimes. 

At a conclusion can say that cinema is an instrument which can portray ideas and thoughts in the right way, and censorship is totally valid legally, ethically, socially and morally. It is necessary to review the films before they go out in the public, this is done for the welfare of its citizens. Cinema has the power to influence the public and hence it should take necessary measure to make sure that the wrong content is not being portrayed. Everything has a limit and therefore the freedom of speech and expression should not be used beyond its reasonable restrictions, it also should have a limited use, there has to be balance of the good and bad while we represent anything. Therefore, certification board has been established for the above said reasons, so that it can fulfill its duties to prevent them.

The FSSAI is the abbreviation of Food Safety and Standards Authority of India which has been established under the Food Safety & Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA). The FSSAI is an independent body which is controlled by the Ministry of Health and family Welfare, and its main function is to fulfill the objectives that have been laid down in the act. The FSSA laid down rules and regulations regarding food safety standards, regulates the manufacture, storage distribution, sale and import, of the food products and also makes sure that there is the availability of safe and healthy food for consumption. This act also lays down the punishments and penalties if an offence is committed against the rules laid down in the act, and provides rules regarding the structure of officers in the FSSAI.. This act is a combination of 7 older acts , they are  The  Prevention  of  Food  Adulteration  Act,  1954, The  Fruit  Products  Order,  1955, The  Meat  Food  Products  Order,  1973,  The  Vegetable  Oil  Products  (Control)  Order,  1947, The  Edible  Oils  Packaging  (Regulation)  Order,  1998, The  Solvent  Extracted  Oil,  De  oiled  Meal,  and  Edible  Flour  (Control)   Order,  1967, The  Milk  and  Milk  Products  Order,  1992. The act replaced the above 7 acts. The FSSAI should promote the health of the public by making sure that the food standards are followed by all industries, which can be checked by continuous supervision.  The main office of the FSSAI is situated in Delhi. 

The objectives of the FSSAI are discussed as follows:

• To establish a set of common standards that have to be adhered by all industries producing food, to ensure food safety.
• Establish a information network, to make the consumers aware about all the standards, and practices used in the manufacturing of goods. (Consumer Awareness)
• Regulate the manufacturing, storage, distribution, sale and imports of the food products. 
• Most importantly to to ensure that the rules and regulations under the act are not violated. If by chance offences are committees they have to punished accordingly.

The functions of the FSSAI are: (They have been clearly given under the FSS Act, 2006)

• Issue FSSAI license to all who have followed the standards, this makes the industry more reliable for the consumers. The license acts as a permit to the food industries. This license is only issued if the manufacturing if happening in the safest way possible and if the food is healthy in all possible ways.
• Enforcing all the safety standards that have been laid.
• Laying down mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of certification bodies engaged in certification of food safety management system for food businesses.
• Laying down procedure and guidelines for accreditation of laboratories and notification of the accredited laboratories.
• Provide advice and support to the central and state government when it is regarding framing policies for food safety and nutrition. 
• Collect data regarding relevant scientific and technical data relating to food and its safety, and providing for measures in case of emergency situations.
• Creating an information network across the country so that the public, consumers, etc receive reliable information regarding food safety.
• Provide training programmes for persons who are involvedor want to get involved in food businesses.
• Contribute to the development of international technical standards for food, sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards.
• Promote general awareness about food safety and food standards.

Food is a good which is consumed by all levels of the society, either rich or poor, as it provides survival to them, therefore it should pe provided in the most safest way possible which makes the population more healthy and strong. To sum it up, the FSSAI is important because it has to fulfill the above stated and objectives and functions. If it does not do it duly then there will be chaos and exploitation related to food and its safety in the nation, therefore the authority playa an important role in regulating the standards set which ensure welfare of the people.  The only way that all the above set of rules will be followed are by legislating it and giving it legal validity. Hence, law plays an important role in developing the society within it. Law scares the criminals, and gives protection to all the innocent in this case the consumers, it protects them from exploitation.