Category: Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include teaching, training, storytelling, discussion and directed research

THE THEORY OF SEPARATION OF POWER AND ITS REAL LIFE APPLICATION

The theory of separation of powers is a doctrine of administration of a state. This theory states that the different functions of the state that is, the legislature, the executive and the judiciary must be separate and independent from each other. This distinction is made with understanding that the branches of the government should not conflict with each other. In this doctrine, it is believed that no single organ of the government should hold all the powers of the government thus there should be a dilution of the powers in different organs which would lead to the smooth running of the government. This theory was given by Montesquieu who was a French judge and a political philosopher. According to him, the powers of the government should be divided into between the legislatures, executive and judiciary. The legislature deals with the law-making process of the government, the executive would deal with the enforcement of law and the judiciary was responsible for protecting and resolves the disputes of the law. During the 17th century, most of the states were ruled by the monarchs. The monarchs were the amalgamation of all the three divisions of the state in one man. All the powers were concentrated in one man and he was the state, consequently, doctrine or theory which states the separation of power was a revolutionary idea. Here Montesquieu has divided the powers between three organs of the government. The independence of the organs means that people’s liberty would be protected. This system of distribution of power makes sure that the other organs would limit the powers of each other and prevent each other from being supreme. It forms an effective arrangement of checks and balances… It means that all the organs of the government have the same level of power so they can balance each other. The structure allows the smooth functioning of the government while protecting people’s liberty.

The UNITED STATES OF AMERICA –

The first big support to this theory came from the founding fathers of the Constitution of the USA. The first 3 articles of the constitution of the United States of America establishes the 3 organs of the government, the legislative branch, the executive branch and the judiciary.

Article 1 of the constitution establishes the legislative branch. The legislative branch consists of the Congress which is responsible for the making laws in the country. Article 2 of the constitution establishes the executive branch which comprises of the President of the country. The President is responsible for the implementation of the laws made by congress. Article 3 of the constitution establishes the judicial branch which is the United States Supreme Court which preserves and interprets the laws made by the legislative branch. 

The main reason the theory was adopted into the country was because of its checks and balance system for example when the Congress makes the laws, the President has the right to veto them and the Supreme Court has the power to declare them unconstitutional. Therefore the separation of power between the three organs ensures the systematic and smooth functioning of the government and secures the people’s liberty in the state.

INDIA –

India is a constitutional democracy but it does not offer a solid differentiation of powers. Although India doesn’t follow the principle rigidly the functions of each organ is clear. Article 296 in the Indian constitution states that the executive powers rest on the President of the country and in the states, it rests on the Governors of the state. The president is assisted by the Prime Minister and his cabinet of ministers in the executive matters. The president is called as the chief executive and has blended functions. The President is authorized by the constitution to give ordinances in emergencies as his main legislative function. He can also grant, suspend and dismiss punishments or any sentence, he is performing the judicial function in appointing of the judges in the Supreme Court. This shows that there is no absolute implementation of the principle of separation of power. 

The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body in India. The Parliament formulates the law in India. It has two houses – the council of states or The Rajya Sabha and the house of the commons or The Lok Sabha. The houses are headed by the President of India. The Supreme Court of India is the judicial branch of the three organs of the government.

 The Judiciary is vested with the power to safeguard the rights of the people as per the Constitution of India. The existence of all the checks and balances would make sure that the organs would not exceed the constitution limits The laws framed by the legislature can be repealed by the Supreme Court of India if it is found inconsistent with the Constitution on India. Parliament can impeach judges of Supreme Court and High Courts of states for their incompetence and mala fides or bad faith. The President can set aside the laws made by the legislative body if it is not under the values set by the constitution of India. These Checks and balances become preventive measures against abuse of power and corruption.

In conclusion, the theory of separation of power is a radical concept at that time is not attainable. The complete separation of powers is not desirable nor is it realistic. The government functions due to the mutual relation between the three organs of the government so complete separation would not benefit the government. The complete separation also leads to conflict and confusion. The theory’s main central idea was to protect the liberty of the people but the liberty of the people is done by protecting the fundamental rights of the people, the protection of the human rights to the citizens, independence of the judiciary and keeping the spirit of democracy.

Addressing Toxic Masculinity

 

“Sometimes people hear “toxic masculinity” and think the term is anti-men. It isn’t. It’s anti-telling- men -they-have-to-repress-emotions- and – be-dominant-alphas-to- be- considered – real-guys. It’s pro-men. Thinking, feeling, resilient, strong, awesome men.”

– Amanda Jette Knox

I am sure that if you’re an international K-pop fan, then you are no stranger to the knee-jerk reaction people have after they have begged you to show them the images and/or music videos or any K-Pop group. Most reactions generally revolve around “They look like women” or “They are too feminine” or “Why are they wearing make-up?” or the infamous “Are they gay?”.

This made me wonder, what exactly is it that causes such a reaction? What does it mean to be ‘man’ or to be something lesser than that? Are we, as a society, missing out on addressing the toxic masculinity that plagues the young minds?

Although, there have been some colloquies on it, most of them leave out the dialogue that Asian men are particularly hyper-emasculated in western culture (and also by minorities in western culture) which could also be a reason why people automatically react in this manner, besides already having discrimination towards appearances that don’t fit the extremes of femininity and masculinity. As for the people mouthing off about K-pop looking too “feminine”, it ends up bringing up the connotation that femininity is a bad thing somehow. It’s essential to understand that feminine and masculine traits are social constructs, so they change according to each culture.

What is toxic masculinity?

Toxic masculinity is those elements of our social definition of masculinity that have concrete negative impacts on men by promoting behaviours such as refusing medical treatment to appear strong, suppressing emotions that show vulnerability, and idolizing violence as a solution to problems.

These behaviours are enforced by other men (and society as a whole), by challenging the manhood of those who deviate from this behavior, while also teaching each other that manhood is something to be valued above all else. In addition, most of them wrestle with the perception of masculinity, which, in a feudal society like ours, is very conditional. Of course, women perpetrate violence too: they can be aggressive and brutal, particularly to other women. But undoubtedly, the culture that stokes such violence smacks of machismo. Manhood is not naturally given, but is a goal to be achieved. To be born a boy is a privilege but one that can be lost if one is not properly initiated into masculine practices.

What are the core features of this model of manhood?

First, aggression is natural and desirable in men. A ‘real’ man is eager to pick up a fight. If he does not, he is told to wear bangles on his wrist. Even the slightest intrusion in his physical, mental or social space is unacceptable. Second, men must be tough — muscular and unemotional; they must not be easily perturbed, must not grieve and cry. Part of what it means to be tough is to suppress empathy towards others, to be embarrassed by fear or any other vulnerability. Third, men must be ambitious and ruthless. Once they set a goal, it must be achieved regardless of consequences to others. Since winning is all-important, other men striving to achieve the same goal are rivals to be eliminated. Extreme competitiveness, on this model, is a classical male characteristic. Fourth, it does not behove men to consult others, negotiate with the weak, or settle for anything less than what they want. They take independent decisions that brook no questioning. As famously put by Amitabh Bachchan in one of his films, ‘Bas… keh diya na (Enough, I have said so).’

And if you don’ fill in these roles, then too bad, you’re deemed to be not ‘man enough’.

In most discourses, however, what isn’t properly addressed is that women perpetuate toxic masculinity too. There is an institutionalized aspect of masculine toxicity as culture that we recognize as true for men in general, but ignore being equally true among women, even many feminist women. Most people and groups do this to some extent, it’s hard to be fully self aware and self critical. We don’t always see the flaws in ourselves as readily as we see them in others. Part of feminism is recognizing the invisible structures that pull societal norms to be what they are. This is just an aspect of that and speaks to the idea that we really have to be the change we want to see in the world and it’s pretty naive to consider yourself or your group as “clean hands” in the matter just because you are aware of one piece of the puzzle.

So, what can be done to overcome this?

The first step would be, abandoning ‘just for men’ attitudes, and not doing it for the sake of getting women to like you. ‘Woke’ bros are just as problematic, so just live honestly and act respectfully towards everyone. Stand up for what’s right even when it’s hard and you’re a minority voice.

Just like we “make room” or “hold space” for voices that are actually impacted by the problems we see in our society it makes sense we should do the same to at least include men as valuable voices to addressing the “male toxicity” problem. Only they can speak their own truth.

Violence, misogyny, and no accountability are pillars of toxic masculinity. So, knock down those pillars daily. Embracing who you are and standing up for those who need it, you start to realize gender doesn’t have a place to shape our lives as rigidly as society tells us. Call it inner peace and confidence! You can embrace your personhood, just not things. You can embrace your own idea of a ‘masculine’ identity, just don’t be attached to the external.

“All of us have to recognize that being a man is first and foremost being a good human. That means being responsible, working hard, being kind, respectful, compassionate. If you’re confident about your strength, you don’t need to show me by putting somebody else down.”

What is Social Justice?

Social Justice is a word that we hear a lot on public platforms and in the media these days. The idea of justice encompasses notions like equity, fairness, getting what one deserves, and the absence of bias. It is a fundamental element for the proper and ethical functioning of any civilization or society. A society that is lacking in justice and does not seek to amend for this lack will be marked by discrimination, violence, and a loss of the recognition of the intrinsic value of life. It is fundamental to our existence as human beings and necessary for the harmonious co-existence of diversities.

The United Nations’ definition of social justice is as follows: “Social justice may be broadly understood as the fair and compassionate distribution of the fruits of economic growth.” The US Centre for Economic and Social Justice defines it as thus: “Social justice encompasses economic justice. Social justice is the virtue that guides us in creating those organized human interactions we call institutions. In turn, social institutions, when justly organized, provide us with access to what is good for the person, both individually and in our associations with others. Social justice also imposes on each of us a personal responsibility to work with others to design and continually perfect our institutions as tools for personal and social development.” The concept of Social Justice arose in the 19th century during the industrial revolution in Europe. The industrial revolution saw the emergence of Capitalism which thrived on exploitation and cheap labour. Concepts of social justice were brought forward to remedy the injustices that were being thus perpetuated in society. However, today we use the term to not only signify disparities in economic situations but also various other social injustices and discriminations. These could be related to gender, caste, race, ethnicity, religion, disability, or anything else that becomes a means by which negative differentiation comes about in society.

Social justice has become an umbrella term under which various struggles and fights against societal inequalities take place. It is intrinsically connected to human rights and operates under the assumption that all individuals are equal and have the right to enjoy equal access to health, justice, societal privileges, etc irrespective of the background or culture that they come from. It is employed to fight systemic injustices manifested in political, economic, and legal structures. Equality can be achieved through protests which are to lead to changes in policy. It is also supportive of affirmative action that allows groups that have been marginalized and oppressed over centuries to be given compensatory benefits. This is to ensure that they are able to move ahead and be on par with their peers in the long run, while also not being victimized by any oppressor. It stands for political representation and equity in all spheres of life.

Social justice should be the concern of every honest individual in society who cares about his fellow being. Those who fight for social justice are to understand the deeply rooted inequities in society and call them out, working towards better policies and laws. But it also involves changing mindsets, unlearning privileges, breaking apart structures of thought, opening up spaces. Recognizing privileges and being allies to those who have been subjugated by powers and thereby forced into a life of heightened oppression and lesser opportunities is absolutely necessary at this juncture in history. We have come a long way and won many battles against societal evils but there are more that need to be fought, and there is always more that we can do for others.

Rural Health

Health is a state of wellness of the body, mind and soul. Health is an important component for ensuring better quality of life. Someone truly said that “Health is Wealth”. By this we can say that who is healthy he is wealthy and prosperous. Health is most important than the pile of gems. In this modern era we have invented many medicine and medical equipment to cure diseases but in rural areas there are lots of health related issues. By the way, India is a vast country. The Larger part of Indian resides in rural areas i.e approx 716 million people more than 60%. Larger population of the India is poor continue to fight constantly battle for survival and health.

In rural areas, there is widespread hunger, high levels of morbidity, and a vast unmet need for curative health care.The rural populations, who are the prime victims of the policies, work in the most hazardous atmosphere and live in abysmal living conditions. Unsafe and unhygienic birth practices, unclean water, poor nutrition, sub-human habitats, and degraded and unsanitary environment are challenges to the public health system. The majority of the rural population are small holders, artisans and labourers, with limited resources that they spend chiefly on food and necessities such as clothing and shelter. They have no money left to spend on health.

Issues

Lack of proper Infrastructure

Unavailablity of adequate numbers of Doctors and health workers.

Even most of the Indian villages haven’t facility of potable water.

Most of the villagers still using traditional method like burner, chulhas, oil lamps,wood fire etc by these many women got suffer by Breathing problems, Bronchitis, Tuberculosis etc.

In rural areas there is lack of information and due to low literacy skills of people believe on customary treatment. Other religious beliefs or other superstitious method to cure diseases.

Now our government is trying continuously to improve quality of rural health.Now, the govt is also working on many cpaigns for family planning,Maternal health, Birth control, cleanliness (swachh Bharat Abhiyan )etc and projects like Jan Ausdhi pariyojana for cheap and certified medicine, Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY for free medical checkup up to 5 lakhs. But it should imply health policies strictly and start drive against corruption involved. It should also revise the health policies and promote long term projects to overcome any emergency or any pandemic like COVID-19 easily.

Thanks

Assam is Fighting Alone?

Assam is a state in north eastern India known for its wildlife, archaeological sites and tea plantations. In the west, Guwahati, Assam’s largest city, features silk bazaars and the hilltop Kamakhya Temple. Umananda Temple sits on Peacock Island in the Brahmaputra River. The state capital, Dispur, is a suburb of Guwahati. The ancient pilgrimage site of Hajo and Madan Kamdev, the ruins of a temple complex, lie nearby. The state was the first site for oil drilling in Asia. Assam is home to the one-horned Indian Rhinoceros, along with the wild water buffalo, pygmy hog, tiger and various species of Asiatic birds, and provides one of the last wild habitats of the Asian elephant. The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Nagaland and Manipur to the east, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh to the south.

Flooding and mudslides are an annual occurrence in Assam, but because of global heating their frequency and intensity are increasing. This year’s monsoon rains have affected 28 of the state’s 33 districts – some of the worst flooding in years. Successive governments have made promises to strengthen the state’s flood defences but projects have remained mired in corruption and inefficiency. Kaziranga national park and tiger reserve which is home to 2,400 of the one-horned rhinos – the largest concentration of them in the world – has been severely affected by the flooding, with 85% of the 407 sq mile (1,055 sq km) park underwater. Officials said that 59 of the 223 anti-poaching camps had been inundated and as well as the rhinos, among the dead animals were deer, porcupines and Asiatic water buffalo.

Severe flooding in India’s Assam and neighbouring Nepal has killed at least 200 people and displaced millions, severely hampering efforts to stop the spread of coronavirus.

In Assam, heavy monsoon rains burst the banks of the Brahmaputra River, causing more than 2,000 villages to be enveloped in floods and mudslides and displacing 2.75 million people in the past two weeks. There have been 85 deaths reported in the state.

Keshab Mahanta, Assam’s water resources minister, said: “The flood situation remains critical with most of the rivers flowing menacingly above the danger mark.”

Officials voiced concern that the flooding and hurried evacuation of millions of Assam residents would cause a significant rise in cases of coronavirus in the north-eastern state, known for its tea plantations. At the moment, 50,000 people are sheltered in cramped relief camps but because of the scale and urgency of the evacuations, officials admitted that no physical distancing measures were being enforced.

Media is more interested in covering news which are of those people who have so many other people to look after them or just a call away. Celebrities who turned positive in Covid-19 have more media coverage than 1.16 million people in India who are affected for the same reason. Similarly, no media cover the news of Assam flood which is getting worst year by year. It seems northeast regions are not the part of India so why will media houses will talk about it.

North east people are bullied by other state people for the cuisine they eat, the way they look, the way they dressed. But we ignore the fact that many great sports players belong to north east.   

North east is a part of India, we should treat them equally as they belong to our country. We should take some preventive measures to control the flood. As we cannot control flood from coming as it’s a natural calamity but we can take certain measures to prevent Assam from larger amount of destruction. Assam is part of India in their difficult times we should unite and come together to help them.

Black skin matters

Racism- The belief that a person with fairer skin or practicing any particular language or belonging to a race is superior than the others. This is one of the most peculiar and disturbing norms of our country- India, also very much prevalent till now , even in today’s world and probably this will again be carried on from generations to generations. Our society is dynamic and adopts new methods of survival but what about the ancient rituals? Shall we get rid of those any day? Abolishing those customs or faith is definitely going to change the conditions of society for better. Racism begins from home, yes, and has everything to deal with our own individuality. Right from birth, a girl with relatively darker skin is to be criticized by the parents or their relatives as , ‘yeh toh kitna kala haain’. It is unfortunate that the father or mother may say all these to their child as if having a dark skin is some kind of a curse. Why is Dark not considered as beautiful? Why should a child be humiliated for his/ her skin, for something which isn’t his/ her fault at all? A person who is rich in melanin content will automatically result in her skin color. This phenomenon is 100 per cent genetic and has nothing to do with God’s grace or something close to that. Being dark skinned needs no treatment to be fairer or be beautiful, she is already beautiful enough In her own skin. As if being fairer will have a huge impact on the carrier or success of a girl. She has to be fair to prove herself to be beautiful even if she is an IPS Officer or the greatest actress. Eminent personalities like Priyanka Chopra, Susmita Sen are a few World class Indian beauties who aced their tanned skin tones and made our country proud. Still, the mindset of commoners hasn’t changed. No one can defame you on your skin color or disrespect you, its high time. India needs to make racism illegal and punishable. As because, there are so many different types of skin colors in India, with so much variations of cool and warm undertones as well… namely, Olive, Brown, Dark, Black and a lot more. We should be proud of our distinctiveness, protect our uniqueness and not to disregard these variations randomly. We should be ashamed of how guilty we all are to embarrass someone of their skin color. The term “Dark” metaphorically means Evil whereas “Fair” means Good. Being dark skin doesn’t signify evilness or being fair skin doesn’t signify goodness. This is actually very important to embrace your own skin tone, as having any skin color is a blessing and this is exactly the way you look or the way you shall carry yourself. Black men or women shall start loving their tones and be proud of that. Just accept the way you are and no need to feel unhappy or shy about it. Your ambition, determination defines you and not the color of your skin.

“Dipped in chocolate, bronzed in elegance, enameled with grace, toasted with beauty, My Lord, she is a black woman” – Yosef A.A. Ben- Jochannan. Unfortunately, each and every dark skinned girls had either been insulted, harrassed or called out for their skin color. It really hurts to see such kinds of mindsets still exists in qualified and educated communities of people. At least once in their lifetime, the dark skinned beauties has been abused in spite of how successful they are. The acceptance a fair-skinned woman gets during marriage is very much rare in case of those dark skinned beauties, in a country like India. Often they are rejected directly on their face which breaks their self confidence within a minute. This custom is a disgrace for the society. The guardians should teach our Youngsters to treat everyone equally and not to be partial towards any particular category.

The most annoying part is that the Magazines And Advertisement literally slaps us with n number of Skin- lightening and brightening Products. Fairness creams or foundations won’t ever do any good to your skin, this won’t even help in lightening your original color. It is useless to put so much of harmful chemicals directly on your face. You can be beautiful and glowing without being light and that is the actual fact. Even the home remedies promoted by the actresses are just not worthy as it won’t make your skin 10 times lighter in a week. You just don’t have to apply those whitening products for “whitening” your skin, you can do without wasting so much money on those or undergoing treatments. These kind of advertisements lays a huge impact in the lives of teenagers or children as they get influenced and brainwashed easily by the concept of “fair is pretty”. Racism is a social problem which needs to be cured real soon. India won’t develop as a country if it fails to look into this crucial matter. Lastly, the most hypocrite outlook of people reflects into worshipping Goddess Kali while making fun of a girl with dark skin, this is just strange and way too disheartening.

YOGA

One of the most crude approaches to save the body sound, generous and salubrious is yoga. The articulation “Yoga” has consistently involved a particular locus in antiquated length and even in the blessing situation. It’s far estimated to be one of the greatest revived strategies to keep up the casing invigorated and keep up immaculateness in the spirit. These days the entire world commends “World Yoga Day” on 21st June 2018. With the expanding fever of “Yoga” one of the most extreme respected famous persona “Dr. Subhash Chandra” thought of starting a “YO1 extravagance Nature cure”.

Dr. Subhash Chandra

Dr. Subhash Chandra one of the pioneer character in making the world a higher area to remain on. The New York nation meeting has respected him for this awesome advance toward humanity at the propitious “Yoga Day 21st June 2018”. YO1 rich Nature Care is one of the fantasy tasks of Dr. Subhash Chandra.

YO1 Luxury Nature Cure

The strict implication of YO1 is “Youvan” that signifies “adolescents” in traditional Sanskrit language. One of the most noteworthy strides toward wellness issues, improve versatility, increment solidness, advance weight decrease, and pass on back the energy. Alongside the above creativity, this association will get different achievements including work, healthy condition, etc. It is spread over a position of 1400 section of land all through which health revolve is around 200 section of land. It’s far foreseen to give a work to 1500 individuals.

World record in “yoga” at a glance

Two world records have been accomplished just before the First International Yoga Day. The greatest number of individuals 35,985 people had partaken in biggest yoga exhibition at a solitary setting for example Rajpath yoga occasion. The most scopes of nationalities at a solitary occasion , people of 84 nationalities achieved yoga at one area. The honors were acquired by Union AYUSH Ministry. Minister Shripad Yesso Naik from delegates of Guinness world statistics.

Artificial Intelligence- Benefits and risks

WHAT IS AI?

From SIRI to self-driving cars, artificial intelligence (AI) is progressing rapidly. While science fiction often portrays AI as robots with human-like characteristics, AI can encompass anything from Google’s search algorithms to IBM’s Watson to autonomous weapons.

Artificial intelligence today is properly known as narrow AI (or weak AI), in that it is designed to perform a narrow task (e.g. only facial recognition or only internet searches or only driving a car). However, the long-term goal of many researchers is to create general AI (AGI or strong AI). While narrow AI may outperform humans at whatever its specific task is, like playing chess or solving equations, AGI would outperform humans at nearly every cognitive task.

WHY RESEARCH AI SAFETY?

In the near term, the goal of keeping AI’s impact on society beneficial motivates research in many areas, from economics and law to technical topics such as verification, validity, security and control. Whereas it may be little more than a minor nuisance if your laptop crashes or gets hacked, it becomes all the more important that an AI system does what you want it to do if it controls your car, your airplane, your pacemaker, your automated trading system or your power grid. Another short-term challenge is preventing a devastating arms race in lethal autonomous weapons.

In the long term, an important question is what will happen if the quest for strong AI succeeds and an AI system becomes better than humans at all cognitive tasks. As pointed out by I.J. Good in 1965, designing smarter AI systems is itself a cognitive task. Such a system could potentially undergo recursive self-improvement, triggering an intelligence explosion leaving human intellect far behind. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a superintelligence might help us eradicate war, disease, and poverty, and so the creation of strong AI might be the biggest event in human history. Some experts have expressed concern, though, that it might also be the last, unless we learn to align the goals of the AI with ours before it becomes superintelligent.

There are some who question whether strong AI will ever be achieved, and others who insist that the creation of superintelligent AI is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both of these possibilities, but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system to intentionally or unintentionally cause great harm. We believe research today will help us better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative consequences in the future, thus enjoying the benefits of AI while avoiding pitfalls.

HOW CAN AI BE DANGEROUS?

Most researchers agree that a superintelligent AI is unlikely to exhibit human emotions like love or hate, and that there is no reason to expect AI to become intentionally benevolent or malevolent. Instead, when considering how AI might become a risk, experts think two scenarios most likely:

  1. The AI is programmed to do something devastating: Autonomous weapons are artificial intelligence systems that are programmed to kill. In the hands of the wrong person, these weapons could easily cause mass casualties. Moreover, an AI arms race could inadvertently lead to an AI war that also results in mass casualties. To avoid being thwarted by the enemy, these weapons would be designed to be extremely difficult to simply “turn off,” so humans could plausibly lose control of such a situation. This risk is one that’s present even with narrow AI, but grows as levels of AI intelligence and autonomy increase.
  2. The AI is programmed to do something beneficial, but it develops a destructive method for achieving its goal: This can happen whenever we fail to fully align the AI’s goals with ours, which is strikingly difficult. If you ask an obedient intelligent car to take you to the airport as fast as possible, it might get you there chased by helicopters and covered in vomit, doing not what you wanted but literally what you asked for. If a superintelligent system is tasked with a ambitious geoengineering project, it might wreak havoc with our ecosystem as a side effect, and view human attempts to stop it as a threat to be met.

As these examples illustrate, the concern about advanced AI isn’t malevolence but competence. A super-intelligent AI will be extremely good at accomplishing its goals, and if those goals aren’t aligned with ours, we have a problem. You’re probably not an evil ant-hater who steps on ants out of malice, but if you’re in charge of a hydroelectric green energy project and there’s an anthill in the region to be flooded, too bad for the ants. A key goal of AI safety research is to never place humanity in the position of those ants.

WHY THE RECENT INTEREST IN AI SAFETY

Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates, and many other big names in science and technology have recently expressed concern in the media and via open letters about the risks posed by AI, joined by many leading AI researchers. Why is the subject suddenly in the headlines?

The idea that the quest for strong AI would ultimately succeed was long thought of as science fiction, centuries or more away. However, thanks to recent breakthroughs, many AI milestones, which experts viewed as decades away merely five years ago, have now been reached, making many experts take seriously the possibility of superintelligence in our lifetime. While some experts still guess that human-level AI is centuries away, most AI researches at the 2015 Puerto Rico Conference guessed that it would happen before 2060. Since it may take decades to complete the required safety research, it is prudent to start it now.

Because AI has the potential to become more intelligent than any human, we have no surefire way of predicting how it will behave. We can’t use past technological developments as much of a basis because we’ve never created anything that has the ability to, wittingly or unwittingly, outsmart us. The best example of what we could face may be our own evolution. People now control the planet, not because we’re the strongest, fastest or biggest, but because we’re the smartest. If we’re no longer the smartest, are we assured to remain in control?

FLI’s position is that our civilization will flourish as long as we win the race between the growing power of technology and the wisdom with which we manage it. In the case of AI technology, FLI’s position is that the best way to win that race is not to impede the former, but to accelerate the latter, by supporting AI safety research.

THE TOP MYTHS ABOUT ADVANCED AI

A captivating conversation is taking place about the future of artificial intelligence and what it will/should mean for humanity. There are fascinating controversies where the world’s leading experts disagree, such as: AI’s future impact on the job market; if/when human-level AI will be developed; whether this will lead to an intelligence explosion; and whether this is something we should welcome or fear. But there are also many examples of of boring pseudo-controversies caused by people misunderstanding and talking past each other. To help ourselves focus on the interesting controversies and open questions — and not on the misunderstandings — let’s  clear up some of the most common myths.

TIMELINE MYTHS

The first myth regards the timeline: how long will it take until machines greatly supersede human-level intelligence? A common misconception is that we know the answer with great certainty.

One popular myth is that we know we’ll get superhuman AI this century. In fact, history is full of technological over-hyping. Where are those fusion power plants and flying cars we were promised we’d have by now? AI has also been repeatedly over-hyped in the past, even by some of the founders of the field. For example, John McCarthy (who coined the term “artificial intelligence”), Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude Shannon wrote this overly optimistic forecast about what could be accomplished during two months with stone-age computers: “We propose that a 2 month, 10 man study of artificial intelligence be carried out during the summer of 1956 at Dartmouth College […] An attempt will be made to find how to make machines use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves. We think that a significant advance can be made in one or more of these problems if a carefully selected group of scientists work on it together for a summer.”

On the other hand, a popular counter-myth is that we know we won’t get superhuman AI this century. Researchers have made a wide range of estimates for how far we are from superhuman AI, but we certainly can’t say with great confidence that the probability is zero this century, given the dismal track record of such techno-skeptic predictions. For example, Ernest Rutherford, arguably the greatest nuclear physicist of his time, said in 1933 — less than 24 hours before Szilard’s invention of the nuclear chain reaction — that nuclear energy was “moonshine.” And Astronomer Royal Richard Woolley called interplanetary travel “utter bilge” in 1956. The most extreme form of this myth is that superhuman AI will never arrive because it’s physically impossible. However, physicists know that a brain consists of quarks and electrons arranged to act as a powerful computer, and that there’s no law of physics preventing us from building even more intelligent quark blobs.

There have been a number of surveys asking AI researchers how many years from now they think we’ll have human-level AI with at least 50% probability. All these surveys have the same conclusion: the world’s leading experts disagree, so we simply don’t know. For example, in such a poll of the AI researchers at the 2015 Puerto Rico AI conference, the average (median) answer was by year 2045, but some researchers guessed hundreds of years or more.

There’s also a related myth that people who worry about AI think it’s only a few years away. In fact, most people on record worrying about superhuman AI guess it’s still at least decades away. But they argue that as long as we’re not 100% sure that it won’t happen this century, it’s smart to start safety research now to prepare for the eventuality. Many of the safety problems associated with human-level AI are so hard that they may take decades to solve. So it’s prudent to start researching them now rather than the night before some programmers drinking Red Bull decide to switch one on.

CONTROVERSY MYTHS

Another common misconception is that the only people harboring concerns about AI and advocating AI safety research are luddites who don’t know much about AI. When Stuart Russell, author of the standard AI textbook, mentioned this during his Puerto Rico talk, the audience laughed loudly. A related misconception is that supporting AI safety research is hugely controversial. In fact, to support a modest investment in AI safety research, people don’t need to be convinced that risks are high, merely non-negligible — just as a modest investment in home insurance is justified by a non-negligible probability of the home burning down.

It may be that media have made the AI safety debate seem more controversial than it really is. After all, fear sells, and articles using out-of-context quotes to proclaim imminent doom can generate more clicks than nuanced and balanced ones. As a result, two people who only know about each other’s positions from media quotes are likely to think they disagree more than they really do. For example, a techno-skeptic who only read about Bill Gates’s position in a British tabloid may mistakenly think Gates believes superintelligence to be imminent. Similarly, someone in the beneficial-AI movement who knows nothing about Andrew Ng’s position except his quote about overpopulation on Mars may mistakenly think he doesn’t care about AI safety, whereas in fact, he does. The crux is simply that because Ng’s timeline estimates are longer, he naturally tends to prioritize short-term AI challenges over long-term ones.

MYTHS ABOUT THE RISKS OF SUPERHUMAN AI

Many AI researchers roll their eyes when seeing this headline: “Stephen Hawking warns that rise of robots may be disastrous for mankind.” And as many have lost count of how many similar articles they’ve seen. Typically, these articles are accompanied by an evil-looking robot carrying a weapon, and they suggest we should worry about robots rising up and killing us because they’ve become conscious and/or evil. On a lighter note, such articles are actually rather impressive, because they succinctly summarize the scenario that AI researchers don’t worry about. That scenario combines as many as three separate misconceptions: concern about consciousness, evil, and robots.

If you drive down the road, you have a subjective experience of colors, sounds, etc. But does a self-driving car have a subjective experience? Does it feel like anything at all to be a self-driving car? Although this mystery of consciousness is interesting in its own right, it’s irrelevant to AI risk. If you get struck by a driverless car, it makes no difference to you whether it subjectively feels conscious. In the same way, what will affect us humans is what superintelligent AI does, not how it subjectively feels.

The fear of machines turning evil is another red herring. The real worry isn’t malevolence, but competence. A superintelligent AI is by definition very good at attaining its goals, whatever they may be, so we need to ensure that its goals are aligned with ours. Humans don’t generally hate ants, but we’re more intelligent than they are – so if we want to build a hydroelectric dam and there’s an anthill there, too bad for the ants. The beneficial-AI movement wants to avoid placing humanity in the position of those ants.

The consciousness misconception is related to the myth that machines can’t have goals. Machines can obviously have goals in the narrow sense of exhibiting goal-oriented behavior: the behavior of a heat-seeking missile is most economically explained as a goal to hit a target. If you feel threatened by a machine whose goals are misaligned with yours, then it is precisely its goals in this narrow sense that troubles you, not whether the machine is conscious and experiences a sense of purpose. If that heat-seeking missile were chasing you, you probably wouldn’t exclaim: “I’m not worried, because machines can’t have goals!”

I sympathize with Rodney Brooks and other robotics pioneers who feel unfairly demonized by scaremongering tabloids, because some journalists seem obsessively fixated on robots and adorn many of their articles with evil-looking metal monsters with red shiny eyes. In fact, the main concern of the beneficial-AI movement isn’t with robots but with intelligence itself: specifically, intelligence whose goals are misaligned with ours. To cause us trouble, such misaligned superhuman intelligence needs no robotic body, merely an internet connection – this may enable outsmarting financial markets, out-inventing human researchers, out-manipulating human leaders, and developing weapons we cannot even understand. Even if building robots were physically impossible, a super-intelligent and super-wealthy AI could easily pay or manipulate many humans to unwittingly do its bidding.

The robot misconception is related to the myth that machines can’t control humans. Intelligence enables control: humans control tigers not because we are stronger, but because we are smarter. This means that if we cede our position as smartest on our planet, it’s possible that we might also cede control.

Unemployment in India.

Ellen Wilkinson quotes, “Unemployment is bigger than a political party. It is a national danger and a national scandal.”

Unemployment is at a very alarming state in India, there are people who have necessary skill and talents, dying to get hired but everyone of them in vain because there are not enough jobs. The competition of the world is increasing very rapidly and everyone wants to be the best in everything. India caters to a whole bunch of creative generation who is frustrated, shattered because their work is not in the right hands. It’s because of this factor that poverty and development is coming into the cheek of our nation. There is a lot of growth in the educational sector but due to slow growth of technical and vocational facilities, a huge number of manpower is unnecessarily diverted towards general education leading to a peculiar educated unemployment problem in the country. The employment of the nation is slowly rising but how far is it true than only in statistics. We still have cases of suicide by the young generation because even after studying so hard they can’t even earn their living and feel worthless and helpless. Unemployment reduces the long run growth potential of the economy. There is loss of self-confidence, frustration, negative attitudes towards common things when there is loss of income, and a person’s self-esteem gets hurt due to these mental illnesses. People lose their skills due to no usage and it causes human capital loss. It brings tension at home; people cannot meet their financial obligations on time and it brings frustration among family members. India is now a home not only to not only a diverse group of people, but also to a large bunch of unemployed youth.

India is moving at a very faster rate of growth. Employment too should be a partner of the youth of today. We want our nation to reach at its peak, so education and employment is the first seed of it. Youngsters should be given more opportunities as the true charity is not giving bread or money, but providing employment.

Are women safe now ?

‘Women’ the word which originally originated from the word ‘men’, describes an adult human female basically whose dictionary meaning if searched quotes “a man’s wife, girlfriend, or lover.” In this twenty first century where the mindset of numerous humans has changed and many humiliations have reduced but we still see that it has not completely wiped up till now.

                           So, what is humiliation? Humiliation is majorly brought through intimidation, physical or mental mistreatment or trickery, or by embarrassment if a person is revealed to have committed a socially or legally unacceptable act.

Some of the social practices where women are subjected to numerous humiliations are,

Body shaming- Women are supposed to have perfect body where their body holds a perfect hour glass figure. Their waist must be slender and should not be bulgy at all. The girls who don’t come into this category are regarded and judged as not beautiful and are called various names because they are not zero figure, or when they sit their stomach poops out. Sometimes body shaming is so harmful that the person decides of taking their life too. We need to wipe out all our imperfections with makeup because women are supposed to be fair, they are supposed to have good skin with good shade of color in them. It leads to a cycle of judgment and criticism if they do not have that. Comparison with other women their own peer leads to more insecurities, especially in times of marital matters. Body shaming is thus a major problem where women are not only humiliated physically but also mentally, where it leads to many other numerous unruly circumstances.

Domestic violence- According to Wikipedia, Domestic violence is violence or other abuse by. one person against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation. It may be termed intimate partner violence when committed by a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other partner. Globally, the victims of domestic violence are women, and women tend to experience severe forms of violence. Domestic violence often occurs when the abuser believes that abuse is an entitlement, acceptable, justified, or unlikely to be reported. We see many women being assaulted by men, because after marriage as the girl goes to the boys house the boy thinks that the girl is his property and can do anything with her. So, after marriage the boy does anything and everything, women is treated as a commodity and product to him which has no right of voice and desires. Marital rape follows, they feel that as the bride has married him so he has every right with his women. Therefore, domestic violence faced by women is not only a humiliation for them but a crime to every mankind.

                           The new generation has reached to great height where women is treated as a Maa Durga, and women is empowered, we have movies of superwomen and also get to see many superwomen in our daily lives. Women is as equal to as male in the society, we can say far stronger and wiser because they not only deliver their babies but also raise them as a informed human.  Still there are many humiliations which a female woman faces we have this huge social practice where the society still judges women in various aspects, and I feel this should be not only greatly reduce but stop this practice. As quoted “A women not only educates herself, but also the whole generation.”

AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine

The initial trial data for the COVID-19 vaccine that has been developed in a joint collaboration between Oxford University and AstraZeneca. The data has been widely awaited as the world looks forward to some good news on the front of a vaccine that could shield people from the deadly coronavirus outbreak that has already infected over 14 million people worldwide and killed over 6 lakh.

The potential vaccine is already in large-scale Phase III human trials to assess whether it can protect against COVID-19, but its developers have yet to report Phase I results which would show whether it is safe and whether or not it induces an immune response. The developers of the vaccine said this month they were encouraged by the immune response they had seen in trials so far and were expecting to publish Phase 1 data by the end of July.

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How does the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine candidate work?

When someone is infected with the Covid-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2), the reason it spreads in the body easily is because of the spikes on its surface. These spikes, known as the ‘spike protein’, allow the virus to penetrate cells and, thereafter, multiply. The vaccine developed by Oxford and AstraZeneca, which belongs to a category called non-replicating viral vector vaccines, tries to build the body’s immunity against this spike protein. The idea is to create antibodies to fight this spiked surface so that the virus does not even have the chance to penetrate the cells. The vaccine uses a different virus — in this case, a weakened version of a common cold virus (adenovirus) that infects chimpanzees — to carry just the code to make the spike protein, like a Trojan horse. The adenovirus, genetically modified so that it cannot replicate in humans, will enter the cell and release the code to make only the spike protein. The body’s immune system is expected to recognize the spike protein as a potentially harmful foreign substance and starts building antibodies against it. Once immunity is built, the antibodies will attack the real virus if it tries to infect the body.

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Since the Covid-19 vaccine has been developed by a United Kingdom-funded university, UK will have intellectual property rights. Other countries such as India will need to enter into commercial deals or understanding via foundations such as Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI). AstraZeneca also entered a deal with the Pune-based Serum Institute of India to supply one billion doses for low-and-middle-Income countries, with the first 400 million nicely before the end of 2020. It is not yet clear how many doses India will be able to land at first since the rollout of the vaccine will be subject to considerations that are commercial as well as that of equity. The World Health Organization’s chief scientist has described the Oxford vaccine as the leading candidate in a global race to halt the coronavirus pandemic that has killed more than 600,000 people. More than 100 vaccines are being developed and tested around the world to try to stop the coronavirus pandemic, which has killed more than 600,000 people and ravaged the global economy.

The Modern Problem of Cyberbullying

 

In this technology-saturated era, communication and trade have moved online and with the pandemic, we will see an increase in the number of people who use online platforms for their everyday activities which hitherto relied on other physical materials. This has various advantages and has greatly accelerated the process of the entire world becoming a global village. However, it is also important to note that scammers, frauds, unethical hacking, and cybercrimes are on the rise. One of the major problems faced in virtual spaces is cyberbullying. It is not a new phenomenon but with more of our everyday interactions going to be virtual, it is important that we know what it is and how we are to handle it.

Cyberbullying refers to the practice of bullying over digital devices such as phones or laptops, and electronic means such as via text, SMS, or on social media and public forums. It is also known as cyber-harassment and is akin to the kind of bullying one might experience at school, only on a different platform and potentially much more dangerous. A cyberbully uses technology to threaten, harass, ridicule, or embarrass an individual or a corporation. This is done by sharing harmful or false content about them or posting things designed to hurt or demean someone else. Some cyberbullying behavior that goes off-limits is considered criminal and is taken as a serious offense liable to police action. Living in a society in which more than half of its members use social media platforms, sharing photos, videos, and other personal content online has become a very common thing. However, one should be cautious of this data being misused, particularly when not just our friends or followers but even strangers are able to access this information. Online forums and chat rooms were the spaces where cyberbullying was most rampant. But now it is social media platforms like Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram and others that top the list for the greatest number of cyberbullying cases.

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Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

One of the challenges when dealing with cyberbullying is our lack of awareness about it. Very often, people tend to dismiss or sideline these issues when they first appear. However, it only aggravates with time and usually leaves a permanent mark on the reputation and image of the person once he starts engaging with it. Such harassment via electronic means will only increase with more of our time spent online and it is necessary that we take note of it. If left to itself as a problem that will go away in time, cyberbullying can have long term consequences, destroying a person’s mental health, making him feel helpless, information, photos, and details being sold for money, manipulating public opinion, and destroying careers. It is difficult to combat it since the bullies usually remain anonymous and it is difficult to ascertain what their range of activities have been.

If you become a prey to cyberbullies, one of the first things you can do is to draw attention to the issue, speak about it with others, and seek professional remedy if necessary. Report it to authorities. Also try to not keep engaging since that only leads to them having more bait to agitate us. Keep a record of everything that happens in that space so that you will have proof even if they take down whatever they had done or posted. Let others know what is happening and seek their support as well. This is a crime that can be fought together if we are vigilant and willing to be there for each other. Let us make sure that cyberbullies are held accountable and removed, and that the internet is a safer and more welcoming space for all people.

Dalgona Coffee: The Latest Instagram Fad

 

While the lockdown has ignited various trends on social media, one that has received a major global following is #DalgonaCoffee.

If you’re avid user of social media, chances are that you have come across the Dalgona Coffee wave perhaps when a friend uploaded a story on Instagram, flaunting a beautiful cup of coffee; a glass full of milk topped with a fluffy and creamy layer of whipped coffee or when you came across posts of people sharing their attempts (especially on TikTok) at making this quarantine-chic drink. This frothy DIY coffee drink is a cheap and cheerful viral trend that everyone these days seems to be whipping up at home.

So, what even is Dalgona Coffee?

The frothy, light as air drink is known as Dalgona coffee. The name ‘Dalgona’ originated from a South Korean toffee by the same name – a sugary toffee with a thick sponge-like exterior and it took off from there. The trend was first popularized in South Korea, spreading across the world as more countries started recommending that people engage in social distancing. This latest Instagram food trend is meant to be made at home and shared online, which might be why you are seeing it all over social media.

One might wonder what’s with the sudden obsession?

Well, first of all it’s coffee. Some like it chilled and cold brewed, while others prefer their filter coffee. Some can’t do without their morning cappuccino, while others still swear by the humble latte. However it is enjoyed, Dalgona coffee is an interesting new recipe for the caffeine addicts to try. Coffee connoisseurs basically united to create a new recipe that ended up going viral on social media, globally and in India. Second of all, it looks beautiful and in this day and age if something is Instagram-worthy, well then you put it on your social feed and it spreads like a wildfire. Third of all, it’s a bit of a treat. Having a cup of coffee that feels like silky moose. What’s not to love?

Perhaps the main reason Dalgona Coffee became so viral was because of its simplicity. Practically anyone could make it. You don’t need any fancy tools, extensive knowledge about coffee, or any sort of special skill. After all, it requires little more than pantry staples and patience to create.

Additionally, the Dalgona Coffee trend emerged in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine. An easy, fun, and delicious drink you could make at home with your family and friends? It was the perfect recipe (both literally and figuratively). People shared their successes and failures of making the drink online, which piqued a lot of curiosity and sense of community. With a lot of people self-isolating or quarantining themselves during the lockdown, the only thing left to do is spend more time in the kitchen upgrading your usual recipes. So, how do you make it?

Ingredients:

All you need is four simple ingredients and your delectable frothy coffee is on the table to enjoy. This recipe is made using just ingredients –Instant Coffee, Sugar, Warm Water and Chilled Milk.

Instructions:

  1. Mix sugar, coffee and warm water in a bowl.
  2. Use a whisker or be prepared to whisk your way through this coffee. Keep whisking the coffee for at least 15 minutes until it has a very creamy texture.
  3. In a glass, pour cold milk with ice and then add the frothy coffee mixture on top of the milk. Enjoy!

This fledgling new trend of the aesthetically pleasing South Korean coffee has given people and coffee lovers all across the world an interesting project to invest their time and break the monotony during the quarantine period.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY : BOON ??

As we know that science & technology have filled our life with too many wonders…this has made our life so easy & fast…..from bullock cart to aeroplane….from postman to message….it has changed everything….. but as we know that every coin has two sides….
Science & technology have so many disadvantages also either it is related to health,privacy & security,emotional disturbance or it is related to nature..


according to the America’s optometric association the more use of computer, laptop, phone is the cause of eye strain and dry eye.


According to national cancer institute over use of phone can be the result of brain cancer.
2.4% of deaths are caused by using phone during driving…


from the negative impact of science & technology children and teen s are affected very badly….according to the times of India a 16 year old boy get suffered by cardiac arrest while playing PUBG…from so many previous newses we get to know that don’t know how many children get affected by THE BLUE WHALE GAME …because of this don’t know how many children committed suicide and don’t know how many children got depressed….


when the tech was launch in to the market then who thought that which type of days it will going to see us …..let’s take a real life example…EK TIME THA JAB BACCHE APNA HOME WORK GURU KI MADAD SE POORA KARTE THE OR AB BACCHE GURU KI MADAD SE NAHI GOOGLE KI MADAD SE APNA HOME WORK KRTE HAIN………because of this their thinking power is going to be less and they are not using their mind fully to do any task!!!!!


There was a time when people used to say that BOOKS ARE OUR REAL FRIEND… but in today’s scenario people say that PHONE IS OUR REAL FRIEND…..
Science & technology even though has decreased the geographical distance but it has increase the distance of people’s heart’s…..and its example is SOCIAL MEDIA…..which provides us the facility to connect with every one wither we know them or not…we meet our new friends or old friends everyday on this platform…we also get connect here with our relatives….but this platform also interrupts in our personal life….according to research those persons who use social media a lot they feel more isolated in the society…..so here we can say that APNO SE JUDNE KI WAJAH SE APNO SE HI DOOR HOTE JA RAHE HAIN……


science & technology not only affected the beauty of relations it has also ruined the NATURE’S BEAUTY….just think who had thought hat we have to BUY OXYGEN ONE DAY…..it’s living example is our country’s capital DELHI…..there is a oxybar named as OXYPURE.. the high use of tech not only affect the humans it is also harmful for the animals , plants , birds and for every thing in this world …..climate change is also the result of over use of technology. Because of science & technology our privacy is also get affected….there are some apps who requires the accessibility of our location, identity, contacts, messages……with the help of this they can misuse the data also and they are doing this we can see this in today’ situation….there are some people who shared just everything on social media an this can be cause of trouble for them….as we have seen that rates cyber crime and theft of data are increasing day by day….and which can be very harmful for the future….there are some words of poet about tech…
24 HAATHON WALA LAGTA MUJHKO YE AVATAR..
12 HAATHON MEIN HAI SURGEON, 12 MEIN HATHIYAAR…


In reality if science & tech have given the eyes to a blind person then it is the science who made the person blind by the blue strain light (which comes from phone)…..if the science & technology have given the legs to a handicapped then it is the science who made the the person handicapped who drives during calls..if science & technology have given the power of hear to a deaf…then it is the science who made a person deaf with highly use of earphones..in reality science & technology is not a good or bad thong…it depends on us…it depends on it’s user’s intentions…the tech was invented to make the human life easier we invented it to make complete our tasks fast..we invented it to use it as a servant but in today’s scenario…..WE HAVE BECOME THE SERVANT OF THIS….so from now TREAT THE TECHNOLOGY AS A SERVANT OF YOURS NOT AS YOUR BOSS ……


The right use of science & technology and in the right direction can make the earn heaven and with the over and wrong use of it can make the earth hell….


over use of anything is always dangerous here are some lines of a poet


ATI KA BHALA NA BOLNA, ATI KI BHALI NA DHOOP…
ATI KA BHALA NA BARSANA, ATI KI BHALI NA CHOOP…

SO CHOICE IS OURS …IF GOD HAS GIVEN US A BEAUTIFUL HOME TO LIVE THEN IT IS OUR RESPONSIBILITY THAT WE SHOULD LIVE IN IT AS A RESPONSIBLE PERSON AND AMONG THE CREATIONS OF GOD ONLY HUMAN HAS MIND AND POWER TO DO SOMETHING AND HERE OUR RESPONSIBILITY INCREASES THAT WE SHOULD MAKE THE EARTH MORE BEAUTIFUL MORE THAN BEFORE…….

Importance of Undertaking an Internship

“I hope your internship lands you the affair of your dreams.”

– Shashikant N Sharma

The above quote has a very deep meaning which shows your career and your dreams. Really internship is an important part of a student’s life. As this is the first step in any person’s life towards his or her career. So this is really very essential in everyone’s life. Before starting further first we should know that What is Internship? Internship is a professional learning experience and a temporary job generally provided to students so that they can gain real time work experience in the field of study or career interest. It is generally for a limited period of time. These internships are generally undertaken by students and graduates who are looking to gain relevant skills and experience in a particular field. It provides them the opportunity for career exploration and development and helps in deciding them whether they are liking the job or not. As it is said by Confucius –

Photo by Christina Morillo on Pexels.com

“Choose the job you love and you will never have to work a day in your life.”

Internship also helps the organisation and employer too as it gives the opportunity to bring new ideas and energy into the workplace, a new blood enters into the organisation with new opinions, develop talent and builds a path for future full-time employees if they work hard with dedication and commitment. As we know that internship is for a short duration. It can be as short as a week or as long as 12 months. Internship can be paid or voluntary. Internship can be done in the following sectors like sales, marketing, engineering, management, IT, etc. The internship helps in developing a variety of skills like communication skills, presentation skills, problem solving and influencing skills. In today’s scenario, more emphasis is given on theoretical knowledge rather than practical knowledge. But implementing these theoretical knowledge in practical field is more important and impactful. So these ‘On-the-Job’ experience can be as valuable as anything learned in your studies. As we cannot really understand what a job is unless and until we have worked in that environment. Internship provides you a platform so that you can confirm if this is what you want to do in the long term. In simple language it acts as a ‘ try before you buy ‘ option. An internship can be used to create a professional network that can assist with letter of recommendation or lead to future employment opportunities. The benefit of bringing an intern into full-time employment is that they are already familiar with the company, its culture, work – environment, position and they require little to no training. Internship has many benefits and they are:-

  • It provides the students with professional work experience with the help from experts. Generally, an intern works under the guidance of worksite mentors. He is the one who will train a student that how he has to work.
  • Internship helps a student to practice and improve their skills as it helps in providing a practical exposure in your desired field.
  • It helps students to master in soft skills like communication, time management, etc. As these are the skills which acts as a key to success.
  • Internship acts as a confidence builder for a student. As we have a tendency of forgetting things which we have studied but the things which we do practically has a very deep impact as this helps in raising our confidence level.
  • Through internship students can learn the roles and responsibilities of a particular career in which they are interested.
  • If an intern completes his or her internship successfully and according to the expectation of employer. This makes the candidates more attractive to employer. This is because many interns have acquired good work habits, excellent soft skills and have higher technical and industry skills due to this internship.

So lastly through this internship students not only learn new things and new skills but also get to know how the things work. So, the best way of learning about anything is by doing as said by Richard Branson.

Situation Of Valet Parking Service In India

The situation of valet parking service in india  is improved after the judgement of Taj Mahal vs United India Insurance Company Ltd. Ors, the judgement was given in the favour of the consumer and the hotel had to pay all the expenses to the consumer because of its irresponsible management of the hotel. As this is the said to be a land mark case in the context of valet parking therefore the situation is a bit improved. In our country there are no valet parking rules but we can ask for our compensation or justice under other rules and regulations.

Recent Case Of A Theft In Ahemdabad:

Businessman from Usmanpura gave keys of his SUV to a staff of a renowned hotel in bhodakdev, who had fled away with the car and valuables that were kept  inside in a grab of valet parking. However, the accused, Nitin Malviya,28, a native of Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh, had called up the businessman and informed him that he had dropped the car at the parking space of Ratlam Railway Station. Vastrapur police russed to Ratlam railway Station and came back with the SUV but the cops are yet to nab the accused.

In his FIR with Vastrapur Police, Rutul Sha, 35, resident of Usmanpura who runs an IT firm, Said that he had gone to the hotel pride Plaza in Bodakdev  at around 11.30am to participate in an exbition. When he went to park his car, a hotel staff came to him and asked for car keys for valet parking.[1]

At around 12.50am, he came out from the exhibition and asked foe his keys from the hotel staff but they could not find the keys. When they enquire about the staff member – Malviya, who had taken the keys, they found that he had gone to have his meal.

As Malviya did not return after a long time, he enquired and found that Malviya had fled with his car and other valuables having total worth of RS 16 Lakh.

When Shah checked CCTV footage, he came to known that though CCTV camera was installed at the place of incident but the camera was not functioning.

Sha states that in the FIR that the staff member of Hotel Pride Plaza had breached his trust and cheated him. After this, the police registered an FIR but did not get any concrete clue until the accused called Shah up and informed that he had left the car at Ratlam railway station in Madhya Pradesh.

A police official said that Malviya reached  Ratlam and when checked inside the car, he found valuables and RS.95000 cash. At Ratlam Raliway Station, he parked the car in the railways parking area where he was asked for documents. Suspecting that he would be caught, he left the car there and then called up the owner, said a police official. A team of Vastrapur police went Ratlam and got the car.[2]

The above case is a very appropriate example for the situation of valet parking in India. As we see in the above case there was no precaution taken by the hotel for the service of the valet parking, as there are no rules and regulations in India. Rules and regulation for valet parking is the need of the hour in India because of the number of robbery taking place in Indian by the valets who cheat the consumers, therefore our country needs rules and regulations for valet parking.

[1] https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-man-gives-keys-for-valet-parking-hotel-employee-flees-with-car/articleshow/72726512.cms

[2] https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-man-gives-keys-for-valet-parking-hotel-employee-flees-with-car/articleshow/72726512.cms

Regulations That Govern Valet Parking In The United States

Regulations That Govern Valet Parking In The United States:

In the United States, two regulatory bodies make the rules and regulations when it comes to valet parking – the National Valet Parking Association and your local municipality. The National Valet Parking Association (NVPA) provides guidelines for the standards and best practices in the industry.  Your municipality will also have a say on how valet parking companies should operate.

In this post, we will look at the regulations provided by both the municipality and the National Valet Parking Association. Local municipalities are taking an increasing interest in the valet parking service companies concerning how they follow parking laws and regulations. For example, in Los Angeles, companies are required to have permits and insurance before they can drive the customers’ cars.

The valet parking permit:

Valet parking permits must constantly be in order. In the event that your permit has expired, you will be required to submit information like proof of insurance, location and number of spaces required, contact info, days and hours of operations, estimated number of vehicles and other bits of information that the municipal department will ask for.  Should the city municipal decide to carry out a search on companies that have permits, you will be on the safe side of the law and you will not have to pay the heavy fines that will be imposed on you.[1]

Employee management:

This is perhaps one of the hardest standards to adhere to and one of the most important. Before you hire employees, ensure that you check their driving records, their referrals and most importantly, come up with a system to test the honesty and integrity of the individuals. After you have hired your employees, take them through a training program. The topics that you could cover in the program include customer service standards, how to appropriately handle cash, maintaining a safe working environment, and how to report unsafe conditions to management. [2]

Consequence of Misconducts Performed By the valets Or Valet Parking agency:

Indemnification.

 The Permittee, and any person acting under or pursuant to a Valet Parking Operator’s permit, agrees to indemnify, hold harmless, release and defend (even if the allegations are false, fraudulent or groundless), to the maximum extent permitted by law, and covenants not to sue, the City, its Council and each member thereof, and its officers, employees, board and commission members and representatives, from any and all liability, loss, suits, claims, damages, costs, judgments and expenses (including attorney’s fees and costs of litigation) which in whole or in part result from, or arise out of: (1) any use or performance under the permit; (2) the activities and operations of the Permittee and its employees, subcontractors or agents; (3) any condition of property used in the permitted operation; or (4) any acts, errors or omissions (including, without limitation, professional negligence) of the Permittee and its employees, subcontractors or agents in connection with the Valet Parking operation.[3]

Disciplinary Action – Additional Grounds. The following acts committed by a Permittee shall be grounds for disciplinary action in addition to the grounds listed in Section 103.35:

1. The Permittee, its agents or employees, through carelessness, negligence or failure to make proper provision for the safeguarding of vehicles left in their custody, have knowingly or unknowingly facilitated or contributed toward the theft or conversion of any such vehicle, or of the contents thereof, or the damaging of any such vehicle; or

2. The Permittee, its agents or employees failed to cooperate with the police to aid in the investigation of any theft or other crime committed on a parking lot used by Permittee, or which arose out of the conduct of the business for which the permit was issued; or

3. The Permittee, its agents or employees knowingly delivered a vehicle in their custody to a person not the registered owner or entitled to possession of such vehicle; or

4. The Permittee’s Valet Parking operation negatively impacted traffic or disrupted the peace and quiet within any area of the City; or

5. The Permittee failed to comply with any City business tax and parking occupancy tax laws; or

6. The Permittee failed to comply with any of the operating requirements in Subdivision (d) of this section, or any rules or regulations adopted by the Board governing valet parking.

Violation. Violations of the operating requirements in Subdivision (d) of this section, or any rules or regulations adopted by the Board of Police Commissioners governing valet parking, shall not be prosecuted as misdemeanors, but shall be subject to administrative sanctions and civil remedies as provided by this Code, or at law or in equity, or any combination of these.

Any person operating as a Valet Parking Operator without a permit as required in subdivision (b) of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.[4]

Severability:

 If any provision of this ordinance is found to be unconstitutional or otherwise invalid by any court of competent jurisdiction, that invalidity shall not affect the remaining provisions which can be implemented without the invalid provisions and, to this end, the provisions of this ordinance are declared to be severable.[5]

The above extract from the ordinance of valet parking in Los Angles gives us the information how the valet parking rules and regulations in united States help consumers or protects consumers from theft or any misconducts which are done by the valet parking agency. The rules regarding the valet parking in U.S.A are amended in consideration with the prospective of consumers.

[1]    https://valetonly.com/blog/regulations-that-govern-valet-parking-in-the-united-states/

[2] https://valetonly.com/blog/regulations-that-govern-valet-parking-in-the-united-states/

[3] Los angels ordinance on Valet parking

[4] Los angels ordinance on Valet parking

[5] Los angels ordinance on Valet parking

Maybe we all were ‘the same’

We have often heard the saying, “Everyone is unique”. But let’s try to question this. Is this really true? Okay, very much debatable! But, let’s proceed with it slowly.

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We grow up in a society where we face comparison knowingly or unknowingly. No one can escape the trap of comparison. Comparison with a second person for grades, for projects, for skills, for the job, for salary, and whatnot. But, then we decide, or let’s say realize that this is not the correct way we are seeing things. We now understand that each of us is unique. Yes, it is true to some extent. We are unique in the way we think, in the way we perceive a situation, the talent we have, the skills we acquire, and the level of our creativity. But, this uniqueness is not out of birth, it is developed.

When we say each of us is different, we start imagining a situation, where we all have everything different. We think that the kind of situations we are in is less likely to be experienced by others or maybe, at least not at that point in time. Sometimes, we come across some difficult situations and we are stuck, we might feel low and might feel that we are the one who is stuck here, there are people out there with a very smooth and happy life with no difficult situation arising in their life. But, the thing is that life offers the same set of problems in each one’s life and the no. of problems with the same difficulty level is also the same. We all experience ‘the same‘. We all come across similar situations in our lives and then label them as “good” or “bad” according to our personal opinion. Now, we call them, good or bad experiences and then count the number of bad experiences we had, to classify our lives as a ‘happy life’ or ‘struggling life’.

To better understand, think of life as a game. We all are players of the same game. Initially, we don’t know whether we will find the game interesting or not but, we all need to start playing. Then, we proceed with playing the game. We all come across different levels of the game in order of increasing difficulty. Some are playing the game with great enthusiasm and interest, collecting a lot of gems, health/lives, and rewards, which will be helpful for them in coming levels. While some are going at the same pace with quite low enthusiasm, hardly collecting gems and lives, or they are stuck at a particular level. Those who have collected rewards and lives can now use these in the difficult levels of the game too, to easily clear that level. But, those who were not able to collect rewards are stuck there watching their fellow reaching higher levels. Some of those in the lower levels of the game can again try the previous levels and collect gems, learn the strategy, and move forward, while some of them are tired and can’t play the game more and they quit. This is how the game goes on.

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So, we all are playing the same game. We all come across the same situations and the same difficulties. The thought that we are the one coming across the difficulties of life arises because we don’t have enough knowledge of others’ lives. We only see their lives from outside. We can say we know the points of each player in the game (it is there on the scoreboard), but what we actually don’t is the details, i.e. how much gems, lives, and rewards each of them have collected. We all started from the same point and proceeded along the same direction but eventually end up getting different results. The gems, lives, and rewards that we collected on our way and the attempt we made for it kept us making different from each other. So, if you look at those who reached the final level, they may have different skills and talents because of the way in which they proceeded but they have similar perceptions.

Anxiety-Mind’s own prison

Nowadays people associate the word anxiety only with mental illness but anxiety is just an emotion like happiness, sadness, etc.  It is quite a familiar emotion which we come across seldom in our day to day life like, before taking a test, pressure at work. Occasional anxiety is “OK”. But anxiety disorders are different with constant fear and overwhelming.

Causes

  • Stress at workplace
  • Emotional trauma such as the death of a beloved one
  • Use of prohibited drugs like cocaine
  • Maybe a symptom of heart related problems
  • Emphysema or Pulmonary embolism,etc.

Symptoms

  • Feeling nervous, restless or tense
  • Having a sense of impending danger, panic or doom
  • Having an increased heart rate
  • Breathing rapidly (hyperventilation)
  • Sweating
  • Trembling
  • Feeling weak or tired
  • Experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) problems

During this lockdown, the levels of depression and anxiety are much higher than usual in the society. Surprisingly, exposure to the coronavirus itself has had minimal impact on people’s mental health rather,  the social disruption had a much more effect. People confined in their houses has both negative and positive impacts; positive because people can spend more time with their families than before and negative as humans are social animals and disconnecting from the outside world, friends, relatives is the cause of a frustrating environment in the house. This change in scenario might fuel anxiety and depression.

GAD-Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) is the most common anxiety disorder. It is characterized by persistent, excessive worrying about everyday events and activities which the person finds difficult to control. People with GAD find that their worry is excessive (blowing things out of proportion), difficult to control and pervasive. People are often tempted to avoid threatening situations, but if you do, the anxiety will be worse the next time you are in that situation. The best strategy is to confront the feared situation. Usually, it is better than you thought, and if not, you will have learned valuable coping skills by confronting your fears.

People with GAD should work toward challenging their beliefs and assumptions about themselves. For example, your worry might be “I’ll never be prepared in time,” which may be accompanied by the assumption that “if anything goes wrong, it’s my fault” and the underlying belief that “I am a failure.” Cognitive therapy strategies can help you identify and challenge these assumptions and develop alternative and more realistic beliefs.

The Six Structured Problem Solving Technique-

This technique is a simple yet as effective as medication for people dealing with GAD or any type of anxiety.

  • Write down exactly what you believe the main problem to be.
  • Write down all possible solutions, even bad ones. *
  • Think about each solution in practical terms.
  • Choose the most practical solution.
  • Plan how you will carry that solution out.
  • Do it.

image courtesy-TOI

Stop judging women by her attire

Women are always judged and labelled as character less by her clothes or attire. The length of their clothes decide their character.

The character of a woman is being labelled by the people of the society. Whatever a women wears, she is being judged and are always surrounded by uncomfortable stares.

If a girl is wearing shorts, she is being called hot or available you can say. If a girl is wearing onepiece or a skirt, she is a slut. If a girl is wearing jeans, she is modern. If a girl is wearing a salwar kameez or chudidar, she is known as sanskaari. And if she is wearing a saree then she is called beautiful. At times the blouses also decides the character of a women. Backless, strapless blouses or modern blouses,etc.

A woman is always told to wear decent clothes by the family so as to protect themselves from being molested or eveteasing. Woman are always told to hide their bodies with their clothes. If you are revealing your body then you are making available yourself.

A women can’t wear whatever she wants. They always have the fear of getting touched by anyone or the stares that are passed at them which makes them uncomfortable. They are not allowed to wear the clothes they wish because of the devils that are disguised in the form of men.

Women have to compromise their wishes for these devils outside. Parents do now allow their daughters to wear clothes they want to in fear of something will happen to them.

Modern families do allow their daughters to wear anything they like but traditional families are not allowed to wear as per their choice. Still many women dreams of wearing clothes they always wanted to. And the ones who wear clothes as per their choices are judged by the people.

Judging a women by her clothes is totally incorrect. Why does she have to change herself for someone else? Why can’t a woman wear something of her own choice?

Why don’t we judge men for their clothes instead of judging women for their clothes? A man is allowed to wear anything they wish to as they are not stared or eveteased by anyone outside. They are not made uncomfortable. They are not labelled character less by their attires. Just because a woman has breasts and a figure that needs to be hidden right or else the society would not leave her alone.

If a woman’s cleavage is visible, all the eyes would be on her cleavage. If she is wearing something short that reveals her legs, all the eyes would be on her legs. If a woman is wearing backless, all the eyes would be on her back. If she is wearing a strapless top or a spaghetti then too she is being watched by every passer by. If she is wearing something bodyfit, all the eyes would scan them as if they are able to see from inside out. If she is wearing a saree and her waist is visible, still people wouldn’t miss that chance too.

Even if a slightest body part is revealed they will make sure that they would take the opportunity to watch it.

There is no freedom for women to wear whatever they want to and freely roam wherever they feel like. The judgemental society can never rest.

Instead of stopping womens to wear what they want to, stop the mens to think about women in such a way. Stop the mentality of men towards the women in the society. Stop judging women for their clothes and stop making labels in your minds.

If a man is made understood at their early stages that womens are not a show piece and have to be respected for what they wear then it could bring atleast small changes.

Remember, the second line in the pledge of our country. All indians are my brothers and sisters. This should be fitted in the minds of the male members of the society from their early childhood by their families so that they never judge a woman and treat them with respect as they would have treated their sisters. It is all in our hands. The way the mens are raised from the beginning they tend to be following that till the end.

The day men changes their mentality about women and her clothes would give each woman atleast some sort of relief.

Women have a right to wear whatever they want to. It is her choice. Stop judging them for their attires.

What I do when I fail

My favorite quotes on failure is this: “If you’re not prepared to be wrong, you’ll never come up with anything original.” — Ken Robinson

I fail at all of that stuff, and it feels just as horrible for me as it does for anyone else. I get down on myself, feel guilty, try to avoid thinking about it, would rather hide it from everyone else. Failing at things can really suck. And yet, I get back up and try again.

I fail at eating healthy on a regular basis, but I keep trying again. I’m pretty good these days at sticking to an exercise plan, but I failed and tried again, regularly, for years and years.

I fail at loving myself. But I don’t give up on that.

I fail at being a good daughter, sister, girlfriend, seemingly multiple times a day. But I continue to try, and sometimes I succeed. When I try over and over again, once in awhile I succeed. So what’s the secret? Well, there isn’t any. You just have to keep trying.

That said, here’s what I’ve found to work:

  1. I learned a more flexible mindset. When you are rigidly trying to stick to a plan or achieve a goal, and things don’t go according to plan, then you feel like crap and things can get derailed. But if you have a more flexible mindset, and think, “I might not be able to go according to plan but that’s OK because things change,” then it’s not a disaster when you get off track. There’s no single track that you have to stay on.
  2. I came to realize that every attempt is about learning. When you fail, that’s actually really good information. Before you failed, you thought that something would work (a prediction), but then real-world information came in that told you it didn’t work. That means you now know something you didn’t know before. That’s excellent. Now you can adjust your plan, figure something new out, try a new method. Keep learning.
  3. Ask for help. When I’m struggling with something, I know that I can either give up, or I can figure out a better way. But it’s not always easier to figure out a better way, so I reach out to my wife, friends, trusted family members, and I ask them. They might give me simple, obvious, why-didn’t-I-see-that advice that I need, or brilliant tips, or accountability. Whatever happens, my friends and loved ones never seem to fail me.
  4. I give myself a break. If I’m struggling, sometimes my mind or body just needs a break from the discipline. So I’ll take a day or two off, or a week, or even more. There’s no set time that’s right for every situation, so I’ve been learning to go by feel. For some things, I’ve taken a month or two off from trying to learn something.
  5. I remind myself why it’s important. It’s easy to give up on something, because not doing it is always easier. But giving up means you’re losing something important, like helping someone, and so if my reasons for doing something aren’t just selfish (pleasure, vanity), then I will renew my vigor for the struggle. This alone is often enough to get me going again, especially if I’m doing it to help someone important, like my kids.

Well unfortunately, for most people who try something and fail, that failure actually reinforces their feelings of regret. They think, I never should have done this. Why did I even try this? How stupid can I be? It reinforces their insecurities and fears. They return to a rut. They get negative. They might never try anything again.

I think the biggest obstacle to success for most people is they never do anything. They just exist and go through life and never take a chance or do anything different. They go from one day to the next and just exist in life because they’ve failed in the past and are afraid to try again, or because they’re too scared to take a chance in the first place.

The most successful people in the world are only successful after so many failures; you wonder how they ever kept going. If you really study their failures, you think, How could they survive that?

The best way to deal with failure is to focus on what’s next. Move forward, chart a new path and get excited about what’s next.

Two of the great emotions in life are excitement or enthusiasm. It’s easy to get down, where your attitude is that nothing’s working and life is terrible. Keep your excitement and enthusiasm about the future and about where you’re going.

How do you do that? Talk about that next thing. Write it out. Share it with people who can help you get excited. Post it on your mirror every day, if that’s your thing. But make sure you place your thoughts on the next goal, the next journey, and stop rehashing that last failure in your mind.

Beating yourself up for your lack of success or declaring yourself a hopeless cause leads to unhelpful feelings, like shame or resentment. And it can lead to unproductive behavior, like staying inside your comfort zone.

The key to recovering from failure is changing the way you think. When you think about failure differently, you’ll be able to turn your biggest setbacks into your best comebacks.  

Always remember: you have more than one shot to create the life you want

You will screw up at some point in life, and that’s okay so long as you learn from them and figure out a different path towards the same goal.

The biggest screw up you can make is to just give up and accept that you can’t succeed because of you who you are or where you come from. If you are going through hell, don’t stop. And if you catch hell, don’t hold it.

So start again when you get it wrong. People who overestimate what they’re capable of are far more likely to actually, get off their ass and try. You will stumble, you may fail, but you are not your failure!

One thing is absolutely certain, if you REALLY want to succeed in life, if you want to do something special, something incredible, if you want to fulfill your dreams… failure is inevitable.

RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The unemployment or underemployment in the villages has led to influx of rural population to the cities. What is needed is to create a situation so that the migration from rural areas to urban areas comes down. Migration is not always undesirable but it should be the minimum as far as employment is concerned.


Rather the situation should be such that people should find it worthwhile to shift themselves from towns and cities to rural areas because of realization of better opportunities there. In other words, migration from rural areas should not only get checked but overpopulated towns and cities should also get decongested.

Though governments have tried out various schemes for generating incomes in the rural areas such government initiatives have not stopped people from moving out of villages to cities. This is because such government initiatives are not on their own capable of enabling people to earn adequately and ameliorate their conditions. There has to be some committed enterprising individual or a group of people who should be capable of making use of the government policies and schemes for the betterment of rural people. Some individuals who happen to be local leaders and NGOs and who are committed to the cause of the rural people have been catalytic agents for development. Despite all the inadequacies in rural areas one should assess their strengths and build on them to make rural areas places of opportunities. Enabling them to think positively, creatively and Entrepreneurship purposefully is must for the development of rural areas. Young people with such perspective and with the help of rightly channelized efforts would usher in an era of rural entrepreneurship.

To promote entrepreneurs who would take to rural entrepreneurship in utmost earnestness and sincerity is to ensure rural development. Such enterprising people who prefer rural entrepreneurship may or may not themselves belong to rural areas. Entrepreneurs taking to rural entrepreneurship should not only set up enterprises in rural areas but should be also using rural produce as raw material and employing rural people in their production processes. Rural entrepreneurship is, in essence, that entrepreneurship which ensures value addition to rural resources in rural areas engaging largely rural human resources.

In other words, this means that finished products are produced in rural areas out of resources obtained in rural areas by largely rural people.


The entrepreneur may or may not be of rural origin. The entrepreneurs may be from anywhere, but their enterprises have to be located in a rural area, using mainly local resources both material as well as human. Also, the enterprises have to be located in a rural area though it need not be actually using 100% local material and human resources. Some amount of material and some people may be from urban cities. But certainly large portion of material used has to be locally produced and an appreciable number of people engaged in the production of finished goods should be people based or living in rural areas.


Even a unit set up by the government or a large company in a rural area could promote rural entrepreneurship depending on how much opportunities it throws up for entrepreneurs to use local resources, to fulfill the demands of such large units and the multiplier effect such large units create.
Any large unit coming up in rural areas more or less does have an impact inactivating the surrounding economy for entrepreneurs to take advantage of. This is precisely the reason why it is recommended to shift industries from urban centers to neighboring rural areas. Such shifting initially may be a difficult proposition but in the long run beneficial in many ways.


Moreover, it would throw up lots of opportunities in the rural areas and result in decongestion of the urban centers. Urban slums would start disappearing with large number of industries getting shifted to rural areas resulting in increasing opportunities in the rural areas.


Thus, both the rural as well as urban areas get benefited by setting up more industrial units in the rural areas, making rural areas attractive locations for investment.

The Cyber City is Struggling to Keep The Scammers Away

 

“I was making more money than a MBA graduate.”

– Confessed a call-centre scammer

Recently BBC Panorama released a documentary called ‘Spying on the Scammers’ which features a hacker who gained access to the recorded scam phone calls as well as CCTV footage and exposed the scammers at work. The cyber vigilante, who uses the alias ‘Jim Browning’, went through hundreds of hours of video footage from the office in Gurugram, near Delhi, and listened to 70,000 phone calls. The documentary reveals that there are centres set up for the sole purpose of scamming, though I would imagine that they are small in size. It’s, thus, needless to say that such scams are thriving and flourishing businesses in India.

It makes one wonder why India has come to be a hub of call-centre scams.

There are several social aspects contributing to it. Technology is indeed a double edged sword & India is a country which ushered into the field of Information Technology in the past few years, and has large number of people with IT skills. However, due to huge population of approximately 1.3 billion people in this country, those who are qualified and skilled have to face cut-throat competition and, thus, despite having skills in IT, they fail to secure a job. Thus, there are too many people becoming educated and too few jobs to satisfy the supply of employment seekers. Owing to unemployment, some of them are led down the wrong path like scamming and using their technical skills to dupe people to earn easy money. Most of businesses hire low-level support staff who can be fired easily, and many a times they don’t even know they are scamming people. So, many people who desperately need money and jobs will join “tech companies” in search of employment. Some know it’s a scam before they start. Some don’t. But it’s putting food on the table, when many couldn’t even get lowly entry level jobs to begin with. And at the end of the day, money is the same, whether you earn it or scam it. Moreover, people in the country possess adequate fluency in English.

Apart from this, since there are many legit outsourcing and customer service businesses here, many parts of country offer good infrastructure for cheap. What’s interesting is that, many of these scammers are ex-employees of call centres and have good grasp over the standard procedures and working of tech support. Plus, they may still have the means to access the customer data somehow.

Now coming to the legal aspect of things, they’re quite untraceable by targets unless the target is experienced in something like hacking or tracing by other means. It’s also because the people they’re scamming are too far away to have them arrested or taken to the court. They are in a sense de facto immune from the law by location. Scammers may choose to operate out of countries that have weak law enforcement relations (or simply weak local law enforcement when it comes to having the resources necessary for locating them) with the target countries of their scams. Weak relations make it harder to track down the scammers, and even of they are found, it makes it difficult to prosecute them. Plus for scam purposes, it’s obviously easier to evade US’s and other target country’s  law enforcement by being thousands of miles away and with a local police force that may be unable or unwilling to take action against them.

The lack of adequate fear among the scammers can also be a contributing reason as to why so many call-centre scams are mushrooming in India. They feel safe and confident enough that they cannot be caught and punished, thus, they continue to do this. Most of the times this kind of scams take birth from the loop holes of any business process. Scamming is an organized crime. In an organized crime, it is very hard to catch a criminal because they are already familiar with ways to avoid geting caught. But, one should understand that the stronger wins. If the law is stronger, it will improve itself to counter attack the new approaches by scammers. A failure to do so, will keep the crime alive.

Also, there’s no proper technology available in India to catch these criminals as Indian law enforcement is already burdened with huge amounts of unsolved cases more heinous than tech scamming, so LEA can’t give proper attention to frame these convicts even if they got caught. This inevitably leads to feeling of safety among tech criminals as there’s very little possibility of them getting caught and even lesser possibility of getting any punishment, if caught, due lack of stringent IT laws in India. Needless to say, law enforcement isn’t up to the point.

Thus, the risk vs. reward conundrum works out in their favour as the chances of getting caught are almost negligible, while the profit margins are high.

The biggest issue, however, is that scamming just happens to be so easy, owing to the mediocre security measures from the banks and the lack of technical knowledge on the part of the elderly and digitally challenged which make them easy targets to these scams. To top it off, Technical Support Companies pay a very great deal of money in the form of incentives, once the salesman achieves the allotted target. Although, it should be mentioned again that, some people working in such firms don’t even have the slightest of an idea that this no more than a scam.

People often forget ‘with power comes the responsibility’ and wrong use of technology leads to tech crimes like scamming which are cognizable offences under India Penal Code IPC – section 420 and IT Act 2000 (Amendment 2008) section 66, but then again, these laws are as good as a toothless tiger as they have repeatedly failed to be stringent towards the criminals .

The scammers not only give India a bad rap but also present a sorry manifestation of the failure of the government policies who cannot provide enough jobs and quality education for the youths, pushing them to adopt such fiendish ways of making money and risking their reputation by getting inevitably busted.

The idea of true love

What is true love?

A true love is something that makes you complete. True love can be from anyone. It can be from your parents, friends, lover, siblings,etc. Generally, true love is expected by a lover or partner.

True love makes you feel that you are loved truly by that one person more than anything in this world. It makes you feel special and at top of the world. It makes your simple life into a magical one.

True love is like that one thing which everyone tries to pursue but only few succeed. It is a beautiful feeling when you get that true love in your life.

Every person dreams or wishes to have a true love in his or her life where he can be loved so much and truly by one person. That one person would give him or her the love they needed or waited for so long.

True love is like a two soulmates connected to each other. They can do anything to make each other happy and are at their best when with each other. True love is like two people who are destined to be together.

True love is beyond saying those three magical words to each other. A love that makes your life worth it and amazing. A love that was made for you.

Does it still exist?

Gone are the days where true love existed. A love where two people could die for each other. A love where two people could do anything for each other.

Today in the modern world, the idea of real love has lost. The love that was earlier has disappeared. The kind of love where emotions, feelings, were real and not just for sake. Where two persons were together in love with real feelings. Where physical relation was not of much importance than their strong feeling towards each other.

Today, love is just another word for lust. Love took the place for physical relationships.

Love is compared with physical relation between two people. There is nothing like true love today because here true love starts from being intimate with each other.

Love is present where the intimacy is strong. Strong relationships grow due to this and not because of love today. Sometimes, ‘love’ word is misused for getting physical with someone and the whole idea of love has been made a joke.

True Love is way beyond getting intimate:

True love is not always having sex or being intimate with each other. True love is way beyond that.

Having a physical relation with someone just because you love them is really common nowadays.

The concept of true love is compared with sex. If you love someone, you have to do it. No!

True love is a feeling where you genuinely care about the other person and want that person to be happy with or without you.

True love is more than just physical relationships. There has to be a lot of trust and mutual understanding with each other. There needs to be an unbreakable bond with each other.

True love should be like where you do all the small things which makes your partner happy. Its like where you have to constantly make each other special everyday. Where both of you treats each other equally.

It should make you bring the best version out of you. Ofcourse, intimacy is required too. But one should understand that only being physical is not love.

True love is always about making constant efforts for each other and never giving up on each other no matter the fights. A love where both the persons have to respect, care for each other, motivate each other, continously support each other and stand up for each other at both good and worst times.

Someone who can walk in hand besides you and never make you feel worthless or unwanted.

So, find your true love. And if you find them give your best and never let them go.

Life – changing Tricks

“The purpose of our lives is to be happy” – Dalai Lama. So, implementing certain good habits in our daily life won’t certainly do any harm. The key for betterment of living lies entirely in your hands. Leading a normal and simple life along with a few tricks here and there helps you to achieve your goal. Enhancing your lifestyle in every aspects of life is a answer for proper subsistence. Lets start following these tips from today onwards –

1) Drinking enough water – This is the first and foremost point to start the whole theory with. At least 8 glasses of water is mandatory for a day. You just cannot ever compromise on this part. Drinking less water is a serious issue for sure. A person who often drinks a lot of water everyday stays more healthy and fit rather than the rest. According to doctors, around 60 per cent of human body consists of water. This basically hydrates your body and helps in getting rid of all harmful toxins. Hydration for your body is a must. Water is such a fluid which helps in proper digestion and also helps in assists you in the weight loss game. Do not harm your body consuming alcohol, cold-drinks e t c , replace those with Water from today onwards.

2) Exercising everyday – This is such an essential step to be followed daily. You need not join a gym or workout like a beast no you need not do that. Just take a few minutes out from your schedule and just perform some free hand. Also, try to stretch in the morning before leaving the bed. This is going to make a lot of genuine difference in your life. This is not only makes you physically fit but also boosts up your confidence, improves your focus towards the target. Exercising motivates you to get better everyday. When your body says you No, your mind says you to push yourself further. Exercising is the most crucial steps for the aged group of people too and this helps to remove pain or stress.

3) Cleansing, toning, moisturizing – Let me tell you this step is Not just for the girls out there, very much for the guys too. As they seem to do absolutely nothing for the skin, just know that skin is the largest organ of your body. You are liable to do this much for your skin. This process is simplified as follows… 1stly, apply a Face wash, any one of your choice to remove the dirt and debris. After that apply to tone down your skin a bit. Now apply the hydration, a Moisturizer to your skin to lock in all the goodness. I promise you this is life – changing.

4) Applying sunscreen – Another step for treating your skin, applying a sunscreen. Won’t take even a minute but this has a hundreds of benefits. Protect your skin from the harsh sunlight and keep it safe. Whether you go off to your workplace or playground. Apply some sunscreen before leaving and make sure it is of a good brand. Keep reapplying your sunscreen after every 2-3 hours if you can manage to do so. Skipping a sunscreen will make you pay a lot as it will worsen your skin condition. Sunscreens with UVA and SPF protections is the best.

5) To-Do-List – Yes, maintaining a To Do List and pre-planning everything beforehand makes your life way more easier. Suppose you have got a meeting the next day, sort everything out, the timings, the work and jot it down in a paper or in a diary. Now make a list of all necessary things to be done and check the list after you have finished tasks of the day. The more you will write the more you finish. You can never go wrong with a To Do List. This routine will give you to explore more scopes of life. Also, write down all your dreams, aspirations, your needs so that you have the urge to finish each one of them within a given span of time. Being unpredictable and having no ambitions won’t certainly help anyone in the long run.

6) Enhancing your skills – if you really want to achieve bigger and better in your life, you have to have some skills. Not stressing on the part of scoring good marks, but having any particular skill is a MUST for the youngsters. The skill can be anything, knowing more than 1 languages, mending parts of a car, knowing computer well, making new paintings or whatsoever. the point here is… brush up your skills, your passion and never leave it in the midways. if you can excel in this part, you surely will make a huge difference. Your skill is what makes you recognizable in a field of work. This will also cut down your laziness and make you happy.

7) Believe in yourself – If you cannot practice this, the above mentioned points won’t come handy for you. ‘Believing in your self is the 1st secret to success’ . You have to keep faith and keep believing that you can be better, you can do better. Make your mindset so determined from the very beginning that life is going to thank you for the same. Start working hard from today onwards and make no more excuses. If you fail to believe in yourself today, you are being answerable to your life after 30s for sure.

8) Read a lot – Nowadays, the kids do not practice proper reading. Going through the School text books or Course books before exams does not justifies the term “reading” . This concept is vast and cannot be achieved only by reading subtitles of Netflix or surfing google. You have to slow down a bit and go through some world Class- literatures or Novels. Reading new journals or news everyday will become your best friend someday only if you get addicted to this. This is going to help you so much by increasing your command on the language, enhancing vocabulary. Reading is like doing something productive to yourself.

9) Organizing your closet – This is a grooming tip for our generations as we certainly get no time for this and keep everything way too dirty especially if someone stays in a hostel or a mess. Cleaning your shirt, Ironing them properly adds so much more dignity to your overall personality. We often hear the term , 1st impression is your last impression, hence this is evident that whatever you wear, it should be fitted and taken care of. You won’t have to wear a high end gown for the same, the trick here is to be clean and real. Appearance is the game changer and never ever mess this up in your life.

10) Help them out – Helping never signifies doing something for someone expecting anything in return, or to show yourself superior in any ways. Helping out means genuinely coming to someone’s rescue and being empathetic. Just help out of your own willingness, help your family, your friends, show love to the plants, feed the animals. Doing all this is in turn serving God indirectly. Having a golden heart is rare- make sure you are one of the few.

CORONA WARRIORS

As we all are familiar with today’s ongoing situation….we have faced a horrific lock down time….but that was essential for us… freak out is very risky even in today’s situation…
We have seen that how we had spent that time of lock down even while we had everything…. food on our dining table… hopefully no one was suffering from COVID….. clean water to drink…. by the blessings of GOD …but think about those who had nothing to eat…who hadn’t the purified water…..even they were struggling for their EK TIME KI ROTI…
When we were in our home due to the fear of corona there was some people who were fighting to corona for us on front foot…….they were not only fighting…. they were also get injured but they were still fighting with corona….
We had given a name to them ….yes everyone knows….WE CALLED THEM CORONA WARRIORS…

There is list of corona warriors who not only helped us as well as they provided the best ever possible facility to us in the tough time……

So from here the list starts…….


DOCTORS- We all compare doctors with GOD as they save lives… and in this pandemic we have seen that doctors are really just like GOD…
They provided us the best possible treatment by put their lives on risk. Just suppose how a person can remain in ppe kit all the time in this sunny season, just suppose how they feel… they were the front foot fighters and today they are the front foot fighters…..

NURSES & OTHER HOSPITAL STAFF- If doctors are the fighters then nurses, ward boys, & other hospital staff are their helpers….they support the doctor in every case without them even doctors can’t work efficiently….nurses and other staff were also risking their lives ….they also provide service like doctors even they have to clean all the waste ……just think about those corona patients who faced disgusting behavior from their own family members….these nurses and other staff are taking care of them…. they are motivating them that they will get well ….

POLICE- Police always kept its image of a fighter ..and no doubt they are really a fighter….but in this pandemic we have seen the another side of police and that side was of a caretaker of needy people …… they are always ready to help public in any time…either delivering ration to the homes or awaring the public by different ideas just to keep them safe…..police have their families too…so just thin k how their family feels when a member of their family is remain outside by risking his / her live.
FARMERS- In India we call farmers as ANNADATA.. and they are …in this pandemic when there was no working in the whole world….there were frames,… who were providing us food….and always whatever the situation is they always do their duty without complaining…….

MEDIA- Media is also corona warrior because they have done reporting in many hotspots….they updated us every minute of the day about the world’s situation…they are also risking their lives ….we don’t have any idea about their efforts ….they have to do reporting in very serious condition places….it is easy to comment about anyone but ask them… what they are paying for their duty…

VENDORS- Yes, vendors are also corona warriors…they provide us vegetables and fruits at our home so that we don’t have to go anywhere……they are also risking their lives….don’t know which type of people they met every day in which circumstances they have to do their work ….

DAILY NEEDS SHOPKEEPERS- When there was lock down in the whole country then there was the daily shopkeepers who were providing us every daily need things just like vendors don’t know how many different-different types of people they meet but they keep their service on…..

THE LIST IS NOT OVER HERE….THERE ARE SO MANY PERSONS LIKE SWEEPERS, CLEANERS,SOCIAL WORKERS…… WHO HAVE DONE THEIR JOB GREATLY..AND THEY ARE STILL PROVIDING THEIR SERVICE….THANK YOU IS A VERY SMALL THING IN FRONT OF THEIR EFFORTS ….WE SHOULD APPRECIATE THEIR EFFORTS…WE SHOULD RESPECT THEM ..AND WHENEVER WE MEET THEM WE SHOULD SALUTE THEM…..BECAUSE BY THEIR EFFORTS WE HAVE A GOOD RECOVERY RATE AND WITH THE HELP OF THEM AND WITH COOPERATION OF PUBLIC HOPEFULLY WE WILL WIN THE FIGHT AGAINST CORONA ONE DAY…

MANN MEIN HAI VISHWAS…POORA HAI VISHWAS……HUM HONGE KAAMYAAB EK DIN…..

Talk To Them

I have read many articles on depression. And being a psychology student, I can say most of them are extremely helpful.

These articles usually talk about there are signs and if we pay enough attention, we can notice who is battling with depression and who is not. According to American Psychiatric Association (APA), Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. 

There are signs that if observed carefully, can be identified. In India, mental health has just started getting important for the general public. Even now, in several rural (and even urban for that matter) areas, people live in utter denial of there being such a thing as mental health. In a study, it was seen that 1 out of every 3 school children withing the ages of 13-18 were struggling with some sort of mental illness. A major chunk of these kids, suffer from depression. Seriously! This is the age where children have the right (literally) to be children! Play outside with friends, making new aqaintances, talking comfortable with their sexual preference and even create some harmless ruckus of their own!

This is not the age where kids should be burdened to study so hard that they don’t know what to do with their free time i.e. if they get any. They should have the freedom to explore their fields of interests. Even if they are childish, let them be! Instead of expecting something that is practically impossible for them to achieve, ask then what they want to become. Because if we don’t let kids be kids, we are basically pushing them towards the edge. Don’t expect them to be mature at such a young age that they lose sight of what they are actually supposed to be.

“But we provide you with a comfortable lifestyle. You have everything! You don’t have a right to complain. Neither do they have a right of having a mental disorder!” These are some of the many common dialogues parents or guardians use when a child tries to talk to them. Again, most of the parents are supportive and they indeed try to help their child as much as they can. But there is still a huge chunk of people who go around throwing these phrases at their kids.

People, when your child tries to talk to you about their mental health, please don’t tell them you are busy. Please. And even if you are busy, think about this. All the efforts and hard work you put in, is ultimately for your little one’s benefit. What will you do with all the money and success if you don’t have your own child with you at the very end of your journey of success. Who will you share your happiness with if they are no more?

To have a healthy child parent relationship, oneust be open to communicate. Talk, listen, and then form a judgement regarding your child. You never know what your child is going through. Show physical affection. Spend healthy time with them. Tell them your life stories. Make them laugh. Make them happy. Make them feel like they are not alone. Like you are there for them. There with them. If they come to you with a problem, try to give them a healthy advice.

We don’t realize this but parenthood is what is responsible for building the kid’s personality. If you spoil them with too much love, they will grow up to become brats. If you ignore them, they will ignore you. If you maintain a healthy balance, they will be loving and smart at the same time. Just talk to them.. It’s really important that we do that now before it’s too late.

Job Evaluation

Job Evaluation is an important part of Human Resource Management. It is a comparative process. Job Evaluation is a formal and systematic way of determining the relative intrinsic value or worth of a job in relation to other jobs in an organisation. It is a process which is very helpful for framing compensation plans by the personnel manager. Job Evaluation begins with job analysis and ends at that point where the worth of a job is ascertained for achieving pay equity between jobs and different roles. The objective of job evaluation is to determine which jobs should get more pay than others. Job Evaluation is usually based on compensation factors rather than on the employee which means that job evaluation is done for ranking of job and not the job holder. As job holders are rated through performance appraisal. Several methods such as job ranking, job grading and factor comparisons are employed in job evaluation. Job Evaluation forms the basis for wages and salary negotiation. The value or worth of the job varies from time to time and from place to place under the influence of certain economic pressure. Some of the features of job evaluation are it helps in building a base for salary negotiation, it assesses the job and not the employee, Job Evaluation is done by a group of experts and not individuals, Job Evaluation is the output provided by job analysis, last but not the least it helps the management to maintain high level of productivity and satisfaction among employees which motivates them to work hard. The main point which must be understood is that job evaluation is about relationship and not absolutes it cannot be the sole determining factor for deciding pay structure. As there are many other external factors like labour market conditions and collective bargaining. The objectives of Job Evaluation are –

  • To help in measuring the “intrinsic” worth of the job. This is based on the degree of complexity of job content and requirements.
  • To provide a rational basis for equitable remuneration within an organisation.
  • To rank the job in order of importance like job duties and responsibilities.
  • It helps in providing framework for periodic of wage rates and its revision too.
  • It helps in providing a benchmark for career planning of the employees in the organisation.
  • To identify a ladder of progression for future movement to all employees interested in improving their compensation.
  • To develop a base for merit or pay for performance.

Job Evaluation as a process is advantageous and important to a company in many ways:-

  • Helps in Wage and Salary Fixation – Job Evaluation helps the management so that they can establish a rational and consistent wage and salary structure. It lays down the base or foundation for wage incentive plan.
  • Helps in Recruitment and Selection – Job Evaluation provides useful information for recruitment of new employees. It is also helpful at the time of selection of candidates as the factors which we have determined for job evaluation can be taken into consideration while selecting the employee. Likewise, promotion, transfer and so on can be made on a rational basis for different employees in the organisation.
  • Improves Labour-Management Relation – Job Evaluation helps in eliminating wage inequalities within the organisation. And thus it helps in bringing and maintaining harmonious relationship between Employee and Employer
  • Fair Distribution of Rewards – As each and every human likes to get rewarded same goes with employees. They should be rewarded fairly in relation to others in the organisation and it helps to ensure that rewards are allocated without any discrimination.
  • Helps in Analysis of Company – It acts as a valuable tools for the analysis of a company. As it helps in identifying that whether there is any gap or overlap in responsibility.

As we know Job Evaluation is a very important part of Human Resource Management as it determines the worth of the job in the organisation.

The Forgotten: The Stranded Migrant Workers

There is no section in our country that remains unaffected by the difficulties caused by the affliction that is COVID- 19, however it’s safe to assume that, the most gravely affected by the crisis are the underprivileged labourers and workers. Their agony, their pain, their ordeal cannot be expressed in words. Who amongst us cannot understand and feel what they and their families are going through.

More than 92.5% labourers, including daily wage earners, have lost work and are unemployed owing to the lockdown imposed by the country, according to a survey of migrant workers in north and central India. This is despite the labour ministry’s plea to owners and contractors not to retrench workers.

Why are the migrant workers so hard hit during lock down?

The answer is pretty simple, while many people have lost the jobs, it’s the migrant workers that have lost their only livelihood without any fall-back support. They don’t have any fixed income, health insurance ot savings. They get paid in wages, only if they work, most of them being employed in the informal sector. They are also devoid of sufficient monetary resources to sustain themselves and their families (who are dependent on them) during the unemployment period. Further, they are the only groups who have been displaced from their normal place of residence. Nearly six lakhs migrant labourers are stranded in government camps. They are more vulnerable to corona virus infection as they have repeatedly failed to observe social distancing die to their special living conditions and full dependence on public transport.

The aforementioned consequences may have the following impact if they aren’t monitored and checked by the government and the respective agencies. They might have to draw loans in order to sustain themselves with their home or land they own as the collateral. It might push them further into economic insecurity and instability. The education of their children will also be affected, even during the post lockdown period as they might be unable to afford the fees. If left unaddressed, it might put the migrant labour under tremendous mental pressure and strain, leading to a substantial rise in mental health issues in the community. It’ll also widen the gap between the rich and the poor, thus leading to increased economic inequality. There are possibilities of increased exploitation in terms of employment compensation in the post lockdown period, when a lot of people will be looking for work in an economy which was already suffering from unemployment.

How did their future become so grim?

When the Indian government announced a lockdown with just a four hours warning, large numbers of migrant workers all over the country were left stranded, with no idea of where to go and what to do. No arrangements had been made for them, whether to transport them back or to house them in shelters. As a result, there were tragic consequences. Panicked migrant workers going to buses and train stations and getting beaten by Police or being sprayed with bleach. Thousands of migrant workers trying to walk back hundreds of kilometres to their villages, with many dying on the way. I guess the decision makers seemingly forgot about the most vulnerable people while deciding, why? When they could arrange transport for pilgrims and students, why was no thought put in about what would happen to migrant workers? Why is it that only the NRIs were retrieved from affected areas? Is it because they are voiceless and they don’t have a pressure group.

Even if they were forgotten about while planning the lockdown, there was still a means to rectify the mistake. Day after lockdown, a relief package was announced by government for the vulnerable section, which ended up being too little and too late. As soon as the lockdown was announced, this section immediately lost their jobs and because of the sustenance nature of livelihood, they immediately ran out of food and basic necessity. The moment lockdown was announced, all the relief should have been announced simultaneously. The gap between the announcement of lockdown and the announcement of relief package was enough to create panic in these sections and due to uncertainty they started taking the extreme step of walking back on foot to their home. And soon the situation got out of control. Because remember, we are not talking about a handful of people, not even thousands, they are millions in number.

There was still a scope of avoiding the unfateful. All the states had enough resources and means to take care of all these workers but they failed to pacify and communicate to them. The situation came to a point that state government had to announce for hundreds of buses to carry them home in such a condition, loosing the very purpose of lockdown. The risk of people dying of hunger became believe than the outbreak itself.

BLUIS (Bhubaneswar Land Use Intelligence System)

The Bhubaneswar Land Use Intelligence System is a geo-tagged repository that would monitor and detect all government lands in Bhubaneswar. This will be done by using high-resolution satellite imagery. For safeguarding government lands from encroachments by land grabbers- the launch of BLUIS makes Odisha the first state in the country to use satellite technology and artificial intelligence. Any attempt to change the use of government land in Bhubaneswar, BLUIS will raise alarm and guide the enforcement staff to the exact location of encroachment. ‘BLUIS’ and ‘Litigation Management System’ are among the 8 Technology-driven Solutions that were launched under the 5T initiatives by the Chief Minister.

Odisha-CM-Naveen-Patnaik-launches-BLUIS

Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik on 8 July 2020 unveiled BLUIS which would monitor changes in all government lands in Bhubaneswar by leveraging high-resolution satellite imagery. Along with that, he launched 8 technology-driven solutions under 5T initiatives for Home and GA & PG Departments through video conferencing. Along with BLUIS, the chief minister launched applications like e-Pravesh, e-Bhawan, e-Atithi, HRMS 2.0, HRMS mobile app, LMS 2.0, ORTPSA to improve public services. The 5T Initiative (Technology, Transparency, Teamwork, and Time Leading to Transformation) model of governance, launched in August 2019, requires each department of the State Government to draw up an annual work-plan for faster, better public service delivery systems leading to achieve transformational goals. Launching the services, Patnaik said that the 5T model of governance along with Mo Sarkar has brought about a perceptible improvement in the quality of governance and has eased the delivery of public services.

Encroachment of government land in the capital city of Bhubaneswar will no more be easy for land grabbers as the Bhubaneswar Land Use Intelligence System (BLUIS), a web and mobile-based solution, launched by Odisha government would raise alarm over attempts to change the land use. According to the government, BLUIS is a geo-tagged repository of all the government lands in Bhubaneswar, created through high-resolution satellite imagery to detect all changes taking place on government lands.

Odisha becomes the first state in India to use high-resolution satellite imagery utilizing space technology and artificial intelligence to monitor government lands. The lack of transparency and accountability of the enforcement in the current mechanisms and the increasing encroachment of government lands in Bhubaneswar resulted in the development of BLUIS.

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“Bhubaneswar is one of the fastest-growing cities in India witnessing land-use changes on a daily basis. In the process, precious public land is prone to encroachment. The present mechanism of detection and enforcement lacks adequate transparency and accountability,” a senior officer said emphasizing real-time monitoring. A mobile application would alert the enforcement authorities of any new construction on government lands. The GPS on the application guides the enforcement staff to the exact location. Evidence of enforcement is uploaded on the application as geo-tagged images and videos,” he said. As per follow-up action, a case will be filed for removing encroachment. The Litigation Management System, an online application to record information on legal cases and enable end-to-end communication between government officials and advocates during different stages of a case, was also launched. It provides a smart technology solution to monitor court cases from initiation, online appointment scheduling, and allotment of the case to government advocate for preparation and submission of counter-affidavit.

Mob Lynching

The word ‘lynching’ is originated in mid-18th century America. Origin of ‘lynching’ is traced by Willam Lynch who lived in Virginia in the U.S. Back then lynching referred to vigilante justice meted out to black people. Before the America Civil War brought an end to slavery, several instances of black slaves being lynched where reported in the U.S. In some cases whites were also lynched for opposing slavery of black people.

What is Mob Lynching?

‘lynching’ shall mean any act or series of acts of violence, whether spontaneous or planned, committed to inflicting extrajudicial punishment or an act of protest and caused by the desire of a mob to enforce upon a person or group of persons any perceived legal societal and cultural norms/ prejudices.

‘mob’ shall means a group of two or more individuals, assembled with an intension of lynching.

Law related to Mob Lynching

In India there was no specific act which describe the punishment concerned with the heinous crime of mob lynching. Recently we came across many such cases of mob lynching which was shocking for the whole nation. This kind of cases comes to limelight when it is shared on social media and I think that’s the worst part of it. Then we share the post and make it viral after all this the ministers, police start investigation of the case and then the action is taken if any.

There are states like Manipur, Rajasthan which has passed an act of Mob Lynching in which the role of police, punishments, trails are all explained in detail manner.

There was a PIL filed in 2016 on which in 2018 three bench of Judges have issued a guidelines for prevention of mob violence and lynching

 A. Preventive Measures.

 (i) The State Governments shall designate, a senior police officer, not below the rank of Superintendent of Police, as Nodal officer in each district. Such Nodal Officer shall be assisted by one of the DSP rank officers in the district for taking measures to prevent incidents of mob violence and lynching. They shall constitute a special task force so as to procure intelligence reports about the people who are likely to commit such crimes or who are involved in spreading hate speeches, provocative statements and fake news.

(ii) The State Government shall forthwith identify Districts, Sub-Divisions and/or villages where instances of lynching and mob violence have been reported in the recent past, say, in the last five years. The process of identification should be done within a period of three weeks from the date of this judgment; as such time period is sufficient to get the task done in today’s fast world of data collection.

(iii) The Secretary, Home Department of the concerned States shall issue directives/advisories to the Nodal Officers of the concerned districts for ensuring that the Officer In-charge of the Police Stations of the identified areas are extra cautious if any instance of mob violence within their jurisdiction comes to their notice.

(iv) The Nodal Officer, so designated, shall hold regular meetings (at least once a month) with the local intelligence units in the district along with all Station House Officers of the district so as to identify the existence of the tendencies of vigilantism, mob violence or lynching in the district and take steps to prohibit instances of dissemination of offensive material through different social media platforms or any other means for inciting such tendencies. The Nodal Officer shall also make efforts to eradicate hostile environment against any community or caste which is targeted in such incidents.

(v) The Director General of Police/the Secretary, Home Department of the concerned States shall take regular review meetings (at least once a quarter) with all the Nodal Officers and State Police Intelligence heads. The Nodal Officers shall bring to the notice of the DGP any inter district co-ordination issues for devising a strategy to tackle lynching and mob violence related issues at the State level.

(vi) It shall be the duty of every police officer to cause a mob to disperse, by exercising his power under Section 129 of CrPC, which, in his opinion, has a tendency to cause violence or wreak the havoc of lynching in the disguise of vigilantism or otherwise.

(vii) The Home Department of the Government of India must take initiative and work in co-ordination with the State Governments for sensitizing the law enforcement agencies and by involving all the stake holders to identify the measures for prevention of mob violence and lynching against any caste or community and to implement the constitutional goal of social justice and the Rule of Law.

(viii) The Director General of Police shall issue a circular to the Superintendents of Police with regard to police patrolling in the sensitive areas keeping in view the incidents of the past and the intelligence obtained by the office of the Director General. It singularly means that there should be seriousness in patrolling so that the anti-social elements involved in such crimes are discouraged and remain within the boundaries of law thus fearing to even think of taking the law into their own hands.

(ix) The Central and the State Governments should broadcast on radio and television and other media platforms including the official websites of the Home Department and Police of the States that lynching and mob violence of any kind shall invite serious consequence under the law.

(x) It shall be the duty of the Central Government as well as the State Governments to take steps to curb and stop dissemination of irresponsible and explosive messages, videos and other material on various social media platforms which have a tendency to incite mob violence and lynching of any kind.

(xi) The police shall cause to register FIR under Section 153A of IPC and/or other relevant provisions of law against persons who disseminate irresponsible and explosive messages and videos having content which is likely to incite mob violence and lynching of any kind.

(xii) The Central Government shall also issue appropriate directions/advisories to the State Governments which should reflect the gravity and seriousness of the situation and the measures to be taken.

B. Remedial Measures.

(i) Despite the preventive measures taken by the State Police, if it comes to the notice of the local police that an incident of lynching mob violence has taken place, the jurisdictional police station shall immediately cause to lodge an FIR, without any undue delay, under the relevant provisions of IPC and/or other provisions of law.

(ii) It shall be the duty of the Station House Officer, in whose police station such FIR is registered, to forthwith intimate the Nodal Officer in the district who shall, in turn, ensure that there is no further harassment of the family members of the victim(s).

(iii) Investigation in such offences shall be personally monitored by the Nodal Officer who shall be duty bound to ensure that the investigation is carried out effectively and the charge sheet in such cases is filed within the statutory period from the date of registration of the FIR or arrest of the accused, as the case may be.

(iv) The State Governments shall prepare a lynching/mob violence victim compensation scheme in the light of the provisions of Section 357A of CrPC within one month from the date of this judgment. In the said scheme for computation of compensation, the State Governments shall give due regard to the nature of bodily injury, psychological injury and loss of earnings including loss of opportunities of employment and education and expenses incurred on account of legal and medical expenses. The said compensation scheme must also have a provision for interim relief to be paid to the victim(s) or to the next of kin of the deceased within a period of thirty days of the incident of mob violence/lynching.

(v) The cases of lynching and mob violence shall be specifically tried by designated court/Fast Track courts earmarked for that purpose in each district. Such courts shall hold trial of the case on a day to day basis. The trial shall preferably be concluded within six months from the date of taking cognizance. We may hasten to add that this direction shall apply to even pending cases. The District Judge shall assign those cases as far as possible to one jurisdictional court so as to ensure expeditious disposal thereof. It shall be the duty of the State Governments and the Nodal Officers in particular to see that the prosecuting agency strictly carries out its role in appropriate furtherance of the trial.

(vi) To set a stern example in cases of mob violence and lynching, upon conviction of the accused person(s), the trial court must ordinarily award maximum sentence as provided for various offences under the provisions of the IPC.

(vii) The courts trying the cases of mob violence and lynching may, on application by a witness or by the public prosecutor in relation to such witness or on its own motion, take such measures, as it deems fit, for protection and for concealing the identity and address of the witness.

(viii) The victim(s) or the next of kin of the deceased in cases of mob violence and lynching shall be given timely notice of any court proceedings and he/she shall be entitled to be heard at the trial in respect of applications such as bail, discharge, release and parole filed by the accused persons. They shall also have the right to file written submissions on conviction, acquittal or sentencing.

 (ix) The victim(s) or the next of kin of the deceased in cases of mob violence and lynching shall receive free legal aid if he or she so chooses and engage any advocate of his/her choice from amongst those enrolled in the legal aid panel under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.

Current situation

There are guidelines made by the Supreme Court but it is followed by none. Making videos about mob lynching in public, showing that type of videos to the society through social media, newspaper, news channels is just promoting this kind of things. Its better we make people understand a guidelines made by the Supreme Court through various sources this will encourage the people to support Indian Judiciary and also work accordingly to the said guidelines.

We all are aware of Palghar Lynching case where two Sadhus and one driver killed by the villagers. As the people of the village assumed them to be child kidnapper who are engaged in organ harvest business. This also came across us through social media and then it takes a political turn. But no one unfolded the guidelines which was given by the apex court THAT’S THE CURRENT REALITY. News channel, social media do not explain the solution of the problem they just exaggerate it in every manner possible.

Balance life with balance

‘Balance’, a word, simple and easy to understand but yet difficult to put in reality. The most crucial thing for the smooth running of life is ‘to maintain balance’, balance in everything, the balance of emotions, the balance of relations, the balance of food, the balance of thoughts, the balance of exertions, and whatnot. As we grow, we discover that a mistake we did earlier in life was due to a lack of balance of certain things at that point in time. Any problem that we face can be solved if we are able to identify what all things need to be balanced to manage this problem.

how-to-improve-work-life-balance-for-your-employees

Life is all about maintaining a balance between various factors/parameters that govern our life. And this balance is unique for each individual, in the sense that the importance of various elements of one’s life is different for different people. No one can decide it for us that how much importance to give to certain things that to others to maintain a balance. The balance of various things of our life that we make depends on our priorities, our comfort, our boundaries, and our mind and heart. The balance of things for a perfect life for two different people can often be very different.

We can understand it in this manner: whenever we cook food, we add all the spices in some specified amount according to our taste depending on the level of spicy food we prefer. Also, we add salt according to taste. If we try to add more of any particular spices, let’s say red chili, then it may ruin the taste of food for us as we can’t eat that spicy. However, the same food can still be found yummy by some other person who loves to eat spicy and is comfortable with eating spicy food. The same is the case with adding more or less salt. Here salt and various spices are similar to the various important elements of our life.

A perfect balance is a solution to every problem. But the reality is, it is quite difficult to figure out what is a perfect balance for us, what will work for us. It is a process of self-learning and self-realization. We can learn this only after making some mistakes as we move forward in life.

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Let’s discuss some of these balance that we need in brief:

  • The balance between various relations – We humans hold tons of relations in our entire life. It starts from the day we are born and it keeps on increasing as we grow. Each relation is important and can be maintained through proper balance.
  • The balance of thoughts – We need to balance between positive and negative thoughts. Though it is said always to be positive and always think positively, it is not true. It is also important to have some negative thoughts. It helps us to make back-up plans, it makes us aware, it can also boost us sometimes. But, again, a balance between the two is important.
  • The balance of emotions – We are humans and emotions are the gift we got that make us different from other creatures. Each human gets all types of experience. Even if you are a saint, you will find yourself getting angry. The thing is how you took your emotion and how you are managing it to bring the best out of you.
  • The balance of food – We need a balanced diet to maintain good health. A balance of various nutrients namely, protein, carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, etc is important for a healthy lifestyle.
  • The balance between work and home – Another important balance is the balance between work and home. Our work helps us to improve and grow and it keeps us focused, our home is our strength, it is our backbone and provides us emotional support. It is important to have a balance between the two.

So, the trick is to figure out the balance which will work for us in life and work with it. We should also understand that what might be a perfect balance for us today may not be a perfect balance for us tomorrow. So, it needs to be a bit flexible. We must realize that the small word ‘balance’ has a big importance for the smooth functioning of our lives.

5 BOOKS YOU MUST READ BEFORE YOU TURN 20

Turning 20 means that you are embarking on your big 20s of your life where you can go to bars, make bad decisions, thrive in college, fall wildly in love which most of us won’t do because we are adults with responsibilities, society is crushing our soul and we have no money but nevertheless, before you embark to your 20s you must read these books that will lend you a helping hand in your 20s. These books will help you figure out or make you feel normal when everything around you is changing or give you advice to sought out your problems or comfort you. So, pick any one book….


1.THE ART OF WAR BY SUN TZU
The art of war is a military manual written by sun Tzu back in the 5th century BC. You may ask why a military manual is useful for us common people? Sun Tzu was a military general who believed that war was based on rules of spirituality and compassion. His writings are filled with wisdom on how to tackle a tough situation with elegance and ease. It’s a beautiful book that gives us an immense understanding of how we should strategize and intercept our problems. As a teen who is stepping into adulthood, this book offers plenty of advice and know-how but most importantly teaches us grace and elegance.


2.THE KITE RUNNER BY KHALED HOUSSEINI
The book is filled with life lessons and will resonate with you as you get older. This book is beautifully painful and will touch your heart. This book is heart touching, filled with heartbreak but poignant story of two boys. Despite the sadness that shrouds the story the book still ends on an optimistic note and sometimes that’s all we can do.


3.NORWEGIAN WOOD BY HARUKI MURAKAMI
The running theme in the book is nostalgia and searching for our inner identity. The book is marked with understanding why we humans feel the way we feel and how each of us deals with sadness and regret in different ways. This book retains the main truth of life that life itself is a bittersweet journey.


4.CATCHER IN THE RYE BY J.D SALINGER
This book captures the story of teenager Holden Caulfield who has been kicked out of is school and runs away to New York city to avoid meeting his parents. The book is a poignant tale about the ‘phoniness of the world we live in “. The book deals with angst, depression, and how its difficult to find a human connection in this phony world. This story is something any teen can understand and go through.

5.THE DEVIL WEARS THE PRADA BY LAUREN WEISBERGER
This story is about a recently graduated girl who struggles to cope with the world and has to change herself to fit in but eventually realizes that her worth. This book holds true to the world cut-throat job market, crazy bosses who hate everyone, and an overworked employee who doesn’t have any time. This book is a heartwarming story that stays true to the ethics of the real world.

Why Caste Reservations?

The caste-system is something that has been ubiquitously identified with Indian society. It has its roots in ancient traditions and has seen changes over time under various dynasties and regimes. However, the essential notions of assigning position in society by virtue of birth have more or less remained the same. This has led to lower-caste communities becoming victims of the whims of those above them, living lives in deplorable conditions, forced to work in menial jobs, and even considered untouchables who will pollute the higher castes and thus have to live on the fringes of society. Over time, many have fought against the caste system and worked for the upliftment of downtrodden communities who have been exploited and oppressed by those in power.

In the 21st century, many popular media narratives and discourses among privileged sections of society would make it appear that the caste system does not still have a hold in India’s societal structure. Many believe that with the Constitution giving equal rights to all citizens and abolishing untouchability, all caste-based discriminations have ceased to exist. Merit should be the basis for all opportunity, not caste or background, is a common objection. Others opine that it is greatly misused and many who are economically well-off use their caste in-order to get advantages. Still others say that it gives students of lower castes an unfair advantage in academic spaces and other situations. All of these anti-reservation voices work on the fundamental assumption that caste is not an issue in modern-day India. But if one is willing to look into how caste differences are manifested, it will become all too apparent within a very short period of time that this notion of caste-based discrimination still runs deep in our systems and our attitudes. It is a stark reality for millions in this country and is an evil that dehumanizes the individual.

Caste-based reservations exist in order to combat the effects of systemic discrimination and disadvantage that the lower castes have been and continue to be subjected to. Lower caste individuals are even today subjected to discrimination in all spheres from education to employment. Many of them struggle to afford basic education and are often the sole providers for their families by the time they reach college. However, they are faced with difficulties there as well, be it a background of education that has not been as good as that of their peers or even elitist hiring practices in universities that silently discriminate. They continue to face difficulties from various sides even after they enter campuses. Lower caste individuals have barely any representation in public offices and services. Upward mobility for the majority of them is still a dream too far away to reach, and they are continuously caught in structures that are designed to not accommodate them.

It is to improve economic status and living conditions, but also to correct the many wrongs they have been meted out with, and the denial of fundamental rights and opportunities, that reservations seek to address. When one argues that economic status should be the criteria rather than caste, one forgets that in a system fraught with biased attitudes, this will only lead to more higher-caste but perhaps economically backward individuals getting the reservation seats and lesser being available to those of the lower caste. While economic ability is an issue, it is not the same problem as caste issues and has to be dealt with separately even if the two might overlap. Condescending attitudes of apparent saviors who belong to higher castes but who speak ‘for’ the lower castes instead of creating an opportunity for them to speak for themselves is also a bane that has to be resisted.

The continuing existence of the caste system in India is a reality that many would rather not address or even acknowledge since it makes them uncomfortable. It is also this attitude that makes reservations and affirmative actions all the more important. They work towards ensuring a more egalitarian society and should not be done away with until we achieve the end goal of no discrimination. This will require empathy, understanding, and even giving up of privileges taken for granted by many middle- and upper-class folk unless you are able to make it accessible to all sections of society. Social reform, reservation, educating the masses, dismantling of structures designed for the elites, and public awareness of how rampant this issue is would propel this fight for change. We cannot heal wounds that have been inflicted over centuries overnight but we can work towards creating spaces for healing and also ensure that these scars are never inflicted again.

Dark pages of Lockdown

Due COVID-19 pandemic, in India lockdown was announced on 24th March 2020 by honourable PM. It lastly ended on 31st May. A lockdown is an emergency rule/protocol that prevents people from leaving a particular area. A full lockdown will mean you must stay where you are and not exit or enter a building or that particular area. But it allows for essential supplies, grocery stores, pharmacies and banks to continue to serve the people. All non-essential activities remain shut for the entire period like travel ban, shutting of public places etc.

This lockdown was for decrease the rate of spreading of COVID-19. It also impacted positively on environment i.e cleaner river, greener environment, improvement in Air Quality Index. It also increased in use of technology in education, work and governance.

But it has also impacted people badly. Due to lockdown generally people faced problems which are mentioned below:

Joblessness: many daily wage workers/migrant workers lost their job. Most of the poor still struggling to survive i.e have not food or essential need. Farmers also faced problems of sale of their crops,vegetables etc.

Uncertainty about their salaries: Private employee facing this problem either they will paid or not.

After forced Isolation many peole faced high level of Stress, frustration, anxiety and other mental health problems.

There is also rise in Domestic violence. It involves a pattern of psychological, physical, sexual, financial, emotional abuse.

These problems must be tackle properly and government should launch initiative to overcome the joblessness and improve educational method of learning.

Thanks.

Plea Bargaining

A new chapter,that is Chapter XXI1 on Plea Bargaining has been introduced in the Criminal Procedure Code. It was introduced through the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2005, which was passed by the Parliament in its winter session. It became effective from 5thJuly 2006. Originally Plea Bargaining is an American concept its origin can be traced back in America during the 19thCentury. Over the years Plea bargaining has emerged as a prominent feature of the American Judicial System.

What is Plea Bargaining?

Plea Bargaining can be described as a process whereby the accused may bargain with the prosecution for a lesser punishment. In simple words, Plea Bargaining is an agreement (contract) between the accused and the prosecution regarding disposition of the criminal charge levelled by the prosecution against the accused. In layman’s language, it is bargaining done by the accused of a serious and severe offence, with the authority for a lighter punishment in lieu of a full-fledged trial.

An agreement as a result of negotiation between the prosecution and defence (at time, also the judge) which settles a criminal case, usually in exchange for a more lenient punishment. Typically the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser crime or for a fewer charges than originally charged, in exchange for a more lenient punishment than the defendant would get if convicted at trial. It is seen as a win-win for all the parties as the prosecution has a certain conviction on the record, the defendant is provided a more lenient sentence than the risk of a higher one at trial and the judge is freed to move to other  cases and dispute to resolve.
Plea Bargaining can conclude a criminal case without a trial. When it is successful, Plea Bargaining results in a plea agreement between the prosecutor and defendant. In this agreement, the defendant agrees to plead guilty without a trial, and, in return the prosecutor agrees to dismiss certain charges or make favourable sentence recommendation to the court. Plea Bargaining is expressly authorized in statutes and in court rules.

Features of Plea Bargaining

  1. It is applicable on the offense which is punishable with imprisonment for not more than 7 years.
  2. Deposition of the case on mutually agreed terms.
  3. A possible concession to accused or culprit by the prosecuting authority.
  4. The negotiation must be done under judicial purview.

Types of Plea Bargaining

  1. Charge Bargaining
  2. Sentence Bargaining
  3. Fact Bargaining

Benefits of Plea Bargaining

i. Time saving

ii. Money saving

iii. No mental strains

iv. Guaranteed solutions

Who can file Plea Bargaining?

Plea Bargaining is an application for all those whose trail is pending. The accused should be eighteen years or more. The accused should have commit offense for which the punishment is not more than 7 years.

When it can be filed?

It can be filed before the commencement of the actual trail or on any point of the pendency of trail.

Exceptions

I. The acts which are Scio-economic in nature some are as follows :

1.Sati Prevention Act

2. Dowry Prohibition Act

3. The immoral Traffic Prevention Act

4. The Army Act, 1950

5. The Explosive Act, 1884

6. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offense Act, 2012.

According to IPC :

Section 115, Section 119, Section 302, Section 305 etc the offense which carry punishment for more than seven years.

Recent case on Plea Bargaining?

Tablighi Jamaat Case

A Delhi court allowed some foreign nationals from Thailand to walk free on the plea bargaining process after they accepted mild charges in connection with a Tablighi Jamaat congregation at Nizamuddin Markaz here. Metropolitan Magistrate Gagndeep allowed 34 Thailand nationals to walk free on plea bargaining and imposed a fine of Rs, 6,000 each while seven Thai nationals claimed trial.

The foreign nationals from Thailand were represented by advocate Ashima Mandla. The fine has been paid to the PM CARES fund as per the direction of the court, Mandla said.

The court had earlier said that there was prima facie sufficient material on record to proceed against the accused persons under Section14 (b) Foreigners Act, 1946, under provisions of the Epidemic Diseases Act, the Disaster Management Act, and the Indian Penal Code.

Thereafter, the court had summoned all the 41 accused of Thailand who were charge-sheeted in 48 charge sheets and 11 supplementary charge sheets, filed by Crime Branch of Delhi Police in the matter. The court had directed them to physically appear from the court.

The court has recently granted bail to many foreign nationals in connection with the cases related to Tablighi Jamaat congregation in March this year, which had reportedly become an epi centre of COVID-19 spread across the country.

Retention Policies

Repository Administrators can define document retention and archiving policies. A retention policy allows repository administrators to permanently delete (purge) older documents or documents that meet a certain criteria. For example, a policy could be created to mark documents of a particular matter type for deletion when a specified number of days or years has passed after the matter closed date. 

Retention Policies will support policies based on matter type, matter closing date, and other criteria. Administrators will have a chance to confirm a mass deletion before purging documents when retention policies indicate they should be purged.

Creating and Activating Retention Policies

When the document retention policies feature is enabled, a link will be available on the Repository Administration page:

The “Document Retention Policies” page will appear as follows:

Click “Add a new policy” to define a new policy:

The policy’s fields are described below.

After defining a retention policy, click OK. The dialog will close and the underlying page will update to show the new retention policy. 

Name:

The policy name field will allow only letters, digits, spaces, dashes, and forward slashes. The maximum name length is 25 characters.  

Description:

Administrators can add a description to retention policies in the description field on the Retention Policy dialog. Policy descriptions are limited to 120 characters.

“Policy is active” defaults to unchecked. 

Document Criteria:

The document criteria dropdown contains the names of all the repository’s custom attributes except for Notes type field. There will be an additional entry for each attribute with “ Type” appended to the attribute name. 

If there are no non-Notes type custom attributes in the repository, a message will display saying “Profile attributes must be defined before retention policies can be added.”

Retention Period:

The first field on the Retention Period line will accept numeric entries between 1 and 9999.  The first Retention period dropdown’s values are “years” and “days”; the default is years. The second retention period dropdown’s values are “last modified date” and “xxx closing date”, where xxx is the attribute selected for Document Criteria.

Using Parent-Child Attributes

If a linked parent attribute is selected in the Document criteria dropdown of the Retention Policy Definition dialog, an additional set of fields for the child attribute will be displayed:

The child attribute drop-down lists the child attributes of the selected parent attribute plus a blank entry. The 2nd Retention period drop-down will include a closing date entry for the child attribute if one is selected, and a closing date entry for the parent attribute if no child attribute is selected.

Using Lookup Buttons

On the retention policy definition page you will be provided with a lookup buttton.  The retention period is keyed off the workspace attribute’s closing date even when the workspace attribute is not used in the selection criteria.

The lookup button on this dialog acts like it does on the Advanced Search page. If multiple values are selected, then each value is automatically surrounded by parentheses and an OR operator is automatically inserted between values.

If workspaces have been enabled for any cabinets in the repository the trigger date listbox will include an entry for the workspace attribute closing date, i.e. “Matter closing date.” If the document criteria attribute is the same as a workspace attribute, the attribute will not be listed twice in the listbox.

Activating Policies

When “Activate selected policies” is clicked, all the marked policies will be set to active.

When “Deactivate selected policies” is clicked, all the marked policies will be set to inactive.

When “Delete selected policies” is clicked, a confirmation message box will display asking if the user is sure he/she wants to delete the selected policies. If he/she confirms the deletion, the selected policies will be deleted.

When you click OK on the Document Retention Policies page, all the changes will be saved.  Clicking Cancel will discard the changes.  You will be returned to the Repository Administration page.

Retention Policy History

An unalterable record is available of all changes made to purging rules.

Each activation and deactivation of a document retention policy is recorded.  Edits and deletions of active retention policies (but not of inactive deletion policies) are recorded.  Each of these records will include the current date/time, the user who performed the action, the name of the policy, and the policy’s criteria and retention period.  If the policy name is changed both the old name and the new name are included in the log entry.

A link to view the Retention Policy Log is found at the bottom of the Retention Policies page:

A Retention policy history will look like this: (with records sorted chronologically)

NOTE: A repository’s retention policy log is deleted automatically when the repository is deleted.

Modi calls for reformed multilateralism at UN

While high speaking a dialogue in UN’s Economic and social council (ECOSOC) has called for reformed multilaterlism . During this address the prime minister has spoken about India’s efforts against the Covid -19 pandemic and he has highlighted how the multilaterlism institutions such as the UN are outdated and he has reminded the world that this multilateral institutions are the relic of the world war era.In this context the prime minister has given a call for reforming Multilaterlism by providing opportunities for emerging powers such as India and he has made case for a permanent seat at the UN security council . This push for reformed multilaterlism given by the prime minister is inline with India’s long standing complain that united nations and other multilateral platforms they do not reflect the current geo-political realities and they are outdated institutions that date back to the world war era .

ECOSOC was established in 1945 as one of the six main organs of the United Nations.This council deals with the social and economic initiatives of the UN council and is said to the very heart of the UN council as it is promoting all the three dimensions of the sustainable developments -economic development ,social developments and environmental developments.It formulates the policies recommendation address to achieve internationally agreed goals and works with various other multilateral institutions such the World bank ,IMF etc.It acts as a platform for fostering debate and innovative thinking and it tries to built the consensus on the ways forward,and coordinating efforts to achieve internationally agreed goals under the sustainable development goals of the UN.The council is made of 54 member states, which are elected yearly by the UNGCA assembly for overlapping three year terms.seats on the council are allocated ensuring equitable geographic rotation among the united Nation regional groups. The President of the council is elected for one year term and the convention is that it is always chosen from the small or mid sized countries in order to give the greater voice for the smaller power when it comes to addressing the socio -economic challenges of the world.The presidency rotates among the United Nations regional groups in order to ensure equal representaions.

Teaching in times of Corona

We are living through times of unprecedented change and confusion. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to mankind in every realm imaginable, urging as to rethink the way we have approached social activities as well as everyday tasks that we so far did without second thoughts. Work from home has become the norm for most IT companies and trade has moved largely online. Perhaps the most visible of all shifts is in the education sector with all educational institutions having been shut down for months with no definite time for reopening. Since learning cannot be paused, teaching has moved online as well. This has brought with it multiple challenges – from questions of accessibility to apprehension over a widening digital divide to difficulty in ensuring the students understand and the limited interaction possible. While online education is a viable alternative in most western countries, it is far from ideal and is only a poor substitute for classrooms in a developing country like India.

While we can agree that students all over the country, particularly from rural backgrounds, are facing a severe challenge with this new mode of learning, we also understand that teachers have been finding the shift extremely difficult as well. If many tech-savvy students who are used to spending much time online or facing a screen is finding the shift strenuous, it is natural that teachers who have spent years teaching on a blackboard would find it more so. Along with the challenges of learning how to use technology in a way that allows students to learn better and maximizes opportunities for optimum holistic engagement, teachers also face other concomitant issues.

photo of kid playing with kinetic sand while watching through imac
Photo by Julia M Cameron on Pexels.com

While at home, many of them, like their students, are unable to access proper internet or gadgets which will make their work easier. They also have longer days where much time is spent worrying over internet connections and whether they are able to teach the students well. Particularly for teachers of younger classes, making videos that will capture the attention of seven-year-olds, and being able to anticipate their reactions are a huge task. Many teachers also need to be involved with whatever is happening at home or in the places that they are staying. The privilege of being uninterrupted while teaching is not one that is available to all.

Teachers also say that they are unable to connect with their students and help them with their questions or doubts. And if a new academic year which is completely online is to commence soon, a batch of students the teacher has never met will be learning from her. It is impossible with our current limitations and methods to forge meaningful relationships that used to exist in the class. Another major issue that has come up is that of the student response. Teachers have come out with stories of rude and condescending behavior from students. Many students who dare not say anything otherwise have turned to mocking teachers and interrupting classes, flaunting their strength from behind a screen. This has led to public outrage but also largescale demoralizing of teachers. Burnouts have become common and many worry that they are unable to deliver according to the expectations and needs of those they are teaching.

It is time to come together and support each other more than ever now. The challenges faced by those on the teaching side should be taken as seriously as that of the students. Only if those are addressed adequately can we ensure that a semblance of normal learning can be maintained within our digital classrooms. Their voices have to be heard and amplified. They should also be provided with solutions to their issues so that the entire education sector does not suffer.

Money Matters!

With time, money is the only thing that has became so important today and is continously needed everyday by everyone.

Money is the constant need and demanded by every human in the world. Without money, there is nothing anyone can buy today and without money its difficult to live now.

Earlier people were happy without money. The times where barter exchange were in place. There wasn’t use of money but still people found happiness in those simple things. At that time, money was not much of importance to the people.

After development of coins and currency notes, the world has changed. Happiness is found in the money and without money there is no happiness. In order to survive today, money plays an crucial role today for poor to the rich ones.

Money has changed the idea of happiness and today you can see every person is chasing money be it for basic needs or be it for to buy anything.

The poor, the middle class, and the rich class; every class of society are chasing behind money and constantly are working or are putting efforts to get money in order to survive. The poor ones or daily wage earners have to put in efforts everyday to get the money for buying basic things or necessities for his family. Everyday the daily wage earners earns so that they can feed themselves and their family.

The middle class have three classes: lower middle class, middle class and the upper middle class. All the levels are at a situation where they are rich from the poor and daily earners but are poor than the rich ones. The middle class people also needs money and works hard daily to earn money. The rich class or the luxury people even after being rich still constantly chase behind money and think of becoming more rich. No matter the levels, money is needed by everyone to buy or do anything in this world.

Well, if there is ‘money‘ then there is everything. Constantly people are running behind and chasing money and have forgot to live the life or to find happiness without money.

Considering the lockdown, still we need money in our pockets to go out. We need money for stepping out of the house, no matter lockdown exists or not. To travel you need money, to make something you need money, to live daily you need money, to go out with anyone you need money, for education, for health, for work, for every single little thing you need money.

Without money, there is no value of people. If someone has money, then only he is valued. Silly, right? But it is the fact today. Money buys you happiness today. Those who have money are respected by others. Money brings status to people. Money brings luxury and comfort. These are the mindsets that have taken place over the years.

Every human runs after money and the whole life of any human revolves around money. Every individual thinks about money every single day and the means to earn it.

Today, there is no peace or real happiness in anyone’s life. Money brings happiness for sometime but no peace. Money is the only thing that is never enough for anyone. We constantly need money for anything. We can’t live without money today. It has become such an important part of our lives that it is impossible to live without money today or in future as well.

Every thing is related to money. With money, we can buy anything but not peace or real happiness. Gone are the days when people used to be happy without money. But now, imagining living without money is not possible ever.

No matter how much rich or poor you are, you need money. It is an essential thing which is the constant need for every class of people in the society.

Money has took over the place of happiness in lives. People chase money so much that they have forgot that there is a life beyond money. But, the reality is different. ‘Aaj Paisa hai toh sab kuch hain.’

Who said? The basic necessities are food,shelter and water. No, the basic necessities in order to live is money first and then these. Without money, there is no food or shelter or water.

Nothing is free today. If you have money then only you can buy whatever you want to. Money was introduced or invented so that it can be a common medium of exchange that is accepted by everyone replacing with barter system. But who knew? That one day this invention would be so important or dominant in the world.

Money has changed lives but we can’t also deny that it has ruined many lives. The sufferings of people without money. People dying because of hunger due to lack of money. People dying or taking up their lives because of no money due to which they can’t feed themselves and their families. People dying due to certain diseases which requires lakhs of money and are incapable to do so. People involving in thefts or crimes for money.

No matter how much necessary money is today still it is one of the reason or you can say main reason for such happenings or for someone’s sadness or pain. Money has became more important compared to humanity.

To be honest, there is no humanity left around. People are busy in making money or earning money that they forget to help anyone in need.

People forget to live their lives and make memories or spend time with their families or their close ones and constantly busy in chasing money. Today, as the pandemic hit the world we as people are at our homes with our families and close ones and have got the opportunity to understand that in the end spending time with your family matters and brings you more happiness than money. In the end our life is more important.

Money matters and will always be needed for each and everything but making or keeping money more important than your family or close ones is incorrect. We need to understand that money will be always important but not every happiness is bought by money.

ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Entrepreneurs who are business leaders look for ideas and puts them into effect in nurturing economic growth and development. They play the most important role in the economic growth and development of Indian economy. An entrepreneur plays a pivotal role not only in the development of industrial sector of a country but also in the development of farm and service sector. The major roles played by an entrepreneur in the economic development of an economy are as follows:

• Promotes Capital Formation- Entrepreneurs promote capital formation by mobilizing the idle savings of our citizens. They employ resources for setting up their enterprises. Such types of entrepreneurial activities lead to value addition and creation of wealth, which is very essential for the industrial and economic development of India.

• Employment Generation- Entrepreneurs provide instant large-scale employment to the unemployed which is an unending problem of India. Small entrepreneurs provide self employment to artisans, technically qualified persons and professionals.

• Entrepreneurs promote development of industries- They help to remove regional disparities by industrializing rural and backward areas. The growth of industries and business in these areas lead to a large number of public benefits like road transport, health, education, entertainment, etc. They help to reduce the problems of congestion, slums and population in cities by providing employment and incomes to them. They help to improve the standard of living in sub-urban and rural areas.

• Reduces Concentration of Economic Power- Industrial development normally leads to concentration of economic power in the hands of a few individuals which results in the growth of monopolies. Entrepreneurs contribute towards the development of society by reducing concentration of income and wealth.

• Wealth Creation and Distribution- It stimulates impartial redistribution of wealth and income in the interest of the country to more people and geographic areas, thus giving benefit to larger sections of the society. Entrepreneurial activities also ensure equitable distribution of income and wealthy by inculcating the spirit of entrepreneurship amongst people thereby providing them self employment with limited resources.

• Increasing GDP and Per Capita Income- Entrepreneurs are always looking out for opportunities. They encourage effective resource mobilization of capital and skill, bring in new products and services and develops markets for growth of the economy. In this way, they help increasing gross national product as well as per capita income of the people in our nation.

• Improvement in the Standard of Living- Entrepreneurs adopt latest innovations in the production of wide variety of goods and services in large scale that too at a lower cost. This enables the people to avail better quality goods at lower prices which results in the improvement of their standard of living.

• Promotes Country’s Export Trade- Entrepreneurs earn valuable foreign exchange through increased exports. They produce goods and services in large scale for the purpose earning huge amount of foreign exchange from export. This ensures economic independence and development.

• Induces Backward and Forward Linkages- Entrepreneurs work in an environment of changing technology and try to maximize profits by innovation. This induces backward and forward linkages which stimulate the process of economic development in the country.

• Facilitates Overall Development- Entrepreneurs act as catalytic agent for change which results in chain reaction. Once an enterprise is established, the process of industrialization is set in motion. This unit will generate demand for various types of units required by it and there will be so many other units which require the output of this unit. This leads to overall development of an area due to increase in demand and setting up of more and more units.

Lucid Dream

Lucid dreaming is a form of dreaming in which you are able to control your own dreams. Most of us, generally can’t control our dreams. That is mainly because in that moment, we think that this (the dream) is real. But the moment we wake up, we realize it wasn’t real. When we try to recall it, we might only remember about 7 % of the dream.

Lucid dreaming is basically when an individual is fully aware that they are dreaming while they really asleep. This let’s us have a certain degree of control of our dreams. People who get reoccurring nightmares, or have a desire to spend a little bit more time with their loved one who has passed away take help from this phenomenon.

Steps that can help you lucid dream.

1. Keep a dream journal. Immediately after you wake up, write in a journal about all the details that you remember from your dreams. Keep it next to your bed and make it a habit to write in it the next day. At first, you probably won’t have much to write. But with practice and consistency, you will be able to recall even the smallest details of your dreams.

2. Self-fulfilling prophecy. Before sleeping, keep reminding yourself to be aware of your surroundings. The longer you do that, the higher your chances are to be aware in your sleep. As we are usually not aware of the fact that we are dreaming, we are unable to control it. But by doing this, we slowly but gradually start getting aware of the fact that we are dreaming.

3. Mnemonic introduction of lucid dreams (MILD). It can be done right before you fall asleep. All you have to do is rehearse the dream that want to see and say, ‘I will be aware and I will dream this’. Now chances are that you won’t get it right the very first time. But again, persistency is the key. Keep saying that to yourself every time you are about to fall asleep. It will take time, but it will come to you.

4. Reality Check. By asking yourself if you are dreaming in the middle of the dream, can help you lucid dream. This is because of the fact that by asking yourself this question, in a way you are trying to stay aware of your dream. This one is hard, because naturally this question won’t immediately click to you. With some practice and will power, you can remember to ask yourself this question. After you ask this question, like in the movie ‘Inception’ you can check this by looking at a clock. If the clock is moving at it’s usual slow pace, you are not dreaming. But if time is moving drastically, you are still dreaming. It basically helps your recognize reality and dreams.

All these methods of lucid dreaming will only work if you constantly practice doing so. You need to be regular with these particular habits and after some time, viola! You will be doing whatever you want to instead of having no control on your dreams whatsoever!

Wasting Minds: Is The Education System Failing Us?

If the purpose for learning is to score well on a test, we’ve lost sight of the real reason for learning.

– Jeannie Fulbright

Education is the form of learning that directs each individual to pursue his interests, to sharpen his skills, to become comfortably employable. The ultimate effects of education may vary from teaching others to take the nation forward to creating world class technologies depending on the individuals. It is different from being literate which is simply defined as being able to ‘read, write and speak. Education system on India in the olden days of Takshila and Nalanda Universities relied on creativity and was famous in the whole world for it. It was the scope for creativity that education provided that fulfilled it’s purpose of developing the society in totality. There is no point of educating an individual without having an effect, directly or indirectly, on the society.

Presently, the Indian Education System is in fiasco, mostly owing to shoddy politics. It now focuses on rewarding rote learning sans understanding, penalising those who question, suppressing free thought and pigeon-holing clueless kids into “streams” and yet manages to combine the corruption and ineptitude of the public services with the greed of the private. Did I forget to mention the abysmally low salaries for teachers and the utter incapability of society to deal with failure?

The entire ranking list of toppers is an unapologetic hierarchy of rote learning, where we’re never ashamed of showcasing the performance of disability. The day since rote learning has replaced knowledge as a standardized way of judgement, it has become more of fierce, dark competition, where children chase absolutely nothing. Celebrating success of this kind was meant to be an all-round personal achievement and not a standard system a failed competition in education. Succeeding in a hollow system like the one that prevails now, is even more worse than not gathering enough knowledge and failing a number of times.

The system is so sick that it has become an antithesis of the pleasure in knowledge acquirement and freedom. With such imprudent exaltation of so called toppers furthermore makes the entire failed system even more worse and disheartening to the not so called toppers, rather the victims of a still failed system. The entire definition of “excellence” is being misjudged. Perfection is unattainable, and in this case, is a complete trick of misjudgement.

Education system was meant to come out with a strategy that would scrap discrimination and not jeopardize the learning process. Authorities shouldn’t teach us displeasing habits of grading every human being out there by a completely wrong system, rather they should join hands to cultivate a sense of morality, joy of learning in every individual and aim towards an all-round development of a human being than pushing towards the death end of a cliff with all sort of cursed strategies.

The ongoing pandemic only magnified the shortcomings of the education system.
The structure of schooling and learning, including teaching and assessment methodologies, was the first to be affected by these closures. Only a handful of private schools could adopt online teaching methods. Their low-income private and government school counterparts, on the other hand, have completely shut down for not having access to e-learning solutions. The students, in addition to the missed opportunities for learning, no longer have access to healthy meals during this time and are subject to economic and social stress.

The pandemic has significantly disrupted the higher education sector as well, which is a critical determinant of a country’s economic future. A large number of Indian students—second only to China—enrol in universities abroad, especially in countries worst affected by the pandemic, the US, UK, Australia and China. Many such students have now been barred from leaving these countries. If the situation persists, in the long run, a decline in the demand for international higher education is expected.

Parents, students, and employers must demand that our institutions deliver real capability and not empty certificates. Let us stamp our vote to those leaders who can make this happen. Let us not keep quiet till we get what we deserve. But with the right to raise our voices comes the responsibility to stay invested. Media must capture this moment and ensure that those in power heed this call. It must hold them accountable for action.
It is our children’s future, not our ancestor’s pride, that deserves our outrage first.

Only then can we begin to unleash the potential of our 100 million young minds.

ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS

Section 3 of the Competition Act, 2002 is the substantive provision in the Competition Law dealing with anti-competitive agreements and arrangements. An anti-competitive agreement is an agreement having an appreciable adverse effect on the competition. This Section prohibits any agreement in respect of production, supply, distribution, storage, acquisition or control of goods and services which causes, or likely to cause an applicable adverse effect on the competition in India. Thus there are two essential requirements to bring into operation Section 3(1):

  • There should be an agreement
  • The agreement should cause an appreciable adverse effect on competition in the market in India

An agreement is anti-competitive if it causes or is likely to cause an adverse effect on the competition. The term appreciable adverse effect has not been defined in the Act. In the case of Haridas Exports v. All India Float Glass Manufacturers Association (2002), the Supreme Court observed that the words appreciable adverse effect on competition embraces acts, contracts, agreements or combinations which operate to the prejudice of the public interests by unduly restricting competition or unduly obstructing the due course of the trade.

Proviso to Section 3 provides that the aforesaid criteria shall not apply to Joint ventures entered with the aim to increase efficiency in production, supply, distribution, acquisition and control of goods or services.

HORIZONTAL AGREEMENTS

Horizontal agreements are agreements between enterprises at the same stage of production. Section 3(3) provides that such agreements includes cartels, engaged in identical or similar trade of goods or provisions of services, which-

  • Directly or indirectly determines purchases or sale prices.
  • Limits or controls production and supply.
  • Share the market or source of production
  • Directly or indirectly results in bid rigging or collusive bidding.

Under the Competition Act, 2002, horizontal agreements are placed in a special category and are subject to the adverse presumption of being anti-competitive. this is known as ‘per se’ rule. This implies that if there exists a horizontal agreement under Section 3(3) of the Act, then it will be presumed that such an agreement is anti-competitive and has an appreciable adverse effect on competition.

VERTICAL AGREEMENTS

Vertical agreements are those agreements which are entered into between two or more enterprises operating at different levels of production. For instance between suppliers and dealers. Other examples of anti-competitive vertical agreements include:

  • Exclusive supply agreement and refusal to deal.
  • resale price maintenance
  • tie-in arrangements
  • Exclusive distribution agreements

The ‘per se’ rule as applicable for horizontal agreements does not apply for vertical agreements. Hence, a vertical agreement is not per se anti-competitive or does not have an appreciable adverse effect on competition.

IPR EXCEPTIONS

Section 3(5)(i) of the Act provides an exception, from the adverse effect of Section 3 to the right of any person to restrain any infringement of, or to impose reasonable conditions, as may be necessary for protecting any of his rights which have been conferred upon him under:-

  • The Copyright Act, 1957
  • The Patents Act, 1970
  • The Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958
  • The Geographical Indications of Goods ( Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  • The Design Act, 2000
  • The Semi-Conductor and Integrated Circuits Layout Design Act, 2000

The effect of Section 3(5) is that entire Section 3 dealing with prohibition of anti-competitive agreements will not apply where the owner of any intellectual property rights under the enactments provided above does not anything in the exercise of his right of restrain the infringement of any of those rights, or imposes reasonable conditions as may be necessary for the protection of any of those rights. In the case FICCI-Multiplex Association of India v. United Producers/ Distributors Forum & Ors.(2011), it was held that the extend of non obstante clause in Section 3(5) of the Act is not absolute as is clear from the language used therein and it exempts the right holder from the rigors.

“Women” as Entrepreneurs in India:

Women owned businesses are highly increasing in the economies of almost all countries.
The hidden entrepreneurial potentials of women have gradually been changing with the growing sensitivity to the role and economic status in the society. Skill, knowledge and adaptability in business are the main reasons for women to emerge into business ventures.


‘Women Entrepreneur’ is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. A strong desire to do something positive is an inbuilt quality of entrepreneurial women, who is capable of contributing values in both family and social life.


With the advent of media, women are aware of their own traits, rights and also the work situations. The glass ceilings are shattered and women are found indulged in every line of business from pappad to power cables. The challenges and opportunities provided to the women of digital era are growing rapidly that the job seekers are turning into job creators. They are flourishing as designers, interior decorators, exporters, publishers, garment manufacturers and still exploring new avenues of economic participation. In India, although women constitute the majority of the total population, the entrepreneurial world is still a male dominated one. Women in advanced nations are recognized and are more prominent in the business world.

PROBLEMS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR IN INDIA:-
Major problems faced by the Women Entrepreneurs can be described as:
• Lack of Confidence: In general, women lack confidence in their strength and competence. The family members and the society are reluctant to stand beside their entrepreneurial growth. To a certain extent, this situation is changing among Indian women and yet to face a tremendous change to increase the rate of growth in entrepreneurship.


• Socio-Cultural Barriers: Women’s family and personal obligations are sometimes a great barrier for succeeding in business career. Only few women are able to manage both home and business efficiently, devoting enough time to perform all their responsibilities in priority.


• Market-Oriented Risks: Stiff competition in the market and lack of mobility of women make the dependence of women entrepreneurs on middleman indispensable.
Many business women find it difficult to capture the market and make their products popular. They are not fully aware of the changing market conditions and hence can effectively utilize the services of media and internet.


• Motivational Factors: Self motivation can be realized through a mind set for a successful business, attitude to take up risk and behavior towards the business society by shouldering the social responsibilities. Other factors are family support, Government policies, financial assistance from public and private institutions and also the environment suitable for women to establish business units.


• Knowledge in Business Administration: Women must be educated and trained constantly to acquire the skills and knowledge in all the functional areas of business management. This can facilitate women to excel in decision making process and develop a good business network.


• Awareness about the Financial Assistance: Various institutions in the financial sector extend their maximum support in the form of incentives, loans, schemes etc. Even then every woman entrepreneur may not be aware of all the assistance provided by the institutions. So the sincere efforts taken towards women entrepreneurs may not reach the entrepreneurs in rural and backward areas.


• Exposed to the Training Programs: Training programs and workshops for every type of entrepreneur is available through the social and welfare associations, based on duration, skill and the purpose of the training program. Such programs are really useful to new, rural and young entrepreneurs who want to set up a small and medium scale unit on their own.


• Identifying the Available Resources: Women are hesitant to find out the access to cater their needs in the financial and marketing areas. In spite of the mushrooming growth of associations, institutions, and the schemes from the government side, women are not enterprising and dynamic to optimize the resources in the form of reserves, assets mankind or business volunteers.


Highly educated, technically sound and professionally qualified women should be encouraged for managing their own business, rather than dependent on wage employment outlets.
The unexplored talents of young women can be identified, trained and used for various types of industries to increase the productivity in the industrial sector. A desirable environment is necessary for every woman to inculcate entrepreneurial values and involve greatly in business dealings.


The additional business opportunities that are recently approaching for women entrepreneurs are:
• Eco-friendly technology,
• Bio-technology,
• IT enabled enterprises,
• Event Management,
• Tourism industry,
• Telecommunication,
• Plastic materials,
• Vermiculture,
• Mineral water,
• Sericulture,
• Floriculture,
• Herbal & health care,
• Food, fruits & vegetable processing


Empowering women entrepreneurs is essential for achieving the goals of sustainable development and the bottlenecks hindering their growth must be eradicated to entitle full participation in the business. Apart from training programs, Newsletters, mentoring, trade fairs and exhibitions also can be a source for entrepreneurial development. As a result, the desired outcomes of the business are quickly achieved and more of remunerative business opportunities are found. Henceforth, promoting entrepreneurship among women is certainly a short-cut to rapid economic growth and development.

Fake or Real?

Every person has two side faces. One side that we show to the world and the other side that we hide from everyone. So, which one is the real face? Its the one which we ‘hide’ from others.

Why do we hide?

We hide the inner face or reality of us from everyone in the fear of being not accepted. We tend to fear that we will be judged by the society or peers, friends, family, relatives, etc. The fear of getting misunderstood by people.

We tend to hide our real side because we feel that if we show that side people would leave us or judge us. There is a constant fear of getting judged.

Fake is the new trend:

Today, being fake is the new real. People tend to be fake around the other people so as to be accepted. They hide their real emotions or feelings or the side that they actually are. They display their fake image when they are surrounded by people.

And it is the reality, we tend to judge others without thinking twice. We live in a judgemental society where being real is called as rude or very straightforward. And so some people prefer being fake in front of the world.

The idea of being real is not mastered by everyone. Being fake is such a trend that sometimes we forget our own real side of us.

Everyone fake a side of themselves due to various reasons. Sometimes they fake to fit in a group. Sometimes to hide their real side. Sometimes to show that they are just like others. Sometimes to make others happy.

Even when we don’t like a person for whatever reason, we end up saying hi or smile at them. We still be nice to them in front of their faces and then we gossip about them or you can say bitching about them behind their backs.

Yes, people do that. We live in a society where people do gossip about other’s lives. There are fake people who will be nice at your faces and then gossip about you the next moment you leave.

I do not say that everyone is fake or try to hide their real side. There are people who got nothing to hide. They prefer being like this. They prefer being fake in the world with everyone they meet. They love being fake but are genuine with their close ones.

These kinds of people show their real faces to the ones that they actually love. Where they can be really themselves and be accepted for who they are. Some might fear to hide their real side and some may not.

Not everyone has a fake side and not everyone is trying to hide something.

The real face:

Inspite of all these fake faces all around us, there are people who are real. Who are actually real and love being the way they are without having any fear of not being accepted and having nothing to hide.

They tend to show the real side because they do not have anything to hide. They love themselves as they are and wany everyone to accept them for who they are.

They do not care about the judgements of the society. This is the way they like it and they choose to be real. They accept themselves and are happy for being real. They do not like being fake and can’t even if they try. They also do not tolerate fake people around them.

The real side people have nothing to care about. They always show their real side to everyone they meet or be close to. Yes, not everyone they meet knows them completely but those who are close to them knows them inside out.

The real people can’t be fake with someone or pretend to like someone. If they do not like a thing or person, they will just not try to show much interest.

They do not have to pretend even. They will directly tell you that they do not like you or for that matter a thing. Yes, real people are straightforwards too. And thats the reason straightforward people and being real is not accepted by everyone.

The real people are hated by many as people love fake people who are nice on other’s faces and later bitch about them. The real people who will tell others directly about what they feel or about the things or person they dislike are not being accepted in the society. The real people speaks whatever comes to their minds and are free minded and open. Such kind of people are rare in this fake world but still are left alone.

The real side of the people are left out by many because of their straightforwardness. They have less friends who understand them compared to the fake ones.

The fake side is loved by everyone. The real side is loved by people who are also the same.

Which side to choose?

We live in a society where we are surrounded by fake ones and real ones. Some choose to be fake and some choose to be real. The choice completely depends on different individuals. Some choose to be real even after losing everything. Some choose to be fake always so as to be accepted and hide their real side. Some have nothing to hide still prefer being fake.

At times, something bad happens because of being real and people tend to change due to such occurings and start prefer to being fake with everyone they meet. Certain times, when we don’t like a person we still smile or greet them due to relations we have with them. Such times, some people also feel not to hurt anyone.

There is no compulsion of choosing a side and living with it. It completely depends on us whether we have to be real with everyone or some or whether we have to be fake with some or everyone we meet.

Why do people get so easily offended these days?

People are so easily offended these days and to imagine where the mind-set of a person was few decades ago and where they are now, one must say it is difficult to understand. Few centuries ago people from Africa were sold as slaves in America. In 2009 Barack Obama became the first African-American President of the United States. India has had both a female Prime Minister (Indira Gandhi) and a President (Pratibha Patil), even Islamic nations like Pakistan and Bangladesh have had a female Head of State, but the United States has never had a female Head of State.

Real life is not like that depicted in movies. In movies when the protagonist has to kill his old friend because he’s the villain says, “You know that I have to do this right?”, then they both hug each other, then the hero kills him. This does not happen in real life. When your friend even says something to you that you do not like, you will be fuming with anger. 

What was offensive a few years ago is not offensive now. What is offensive now was not offensive a few years ago. Punishing children at school was not offensive until recently. Being a member of the LGBT community was not offensive until recently (only in a few countries). People even get offended if you honk, as they show their frustration by honking back at you, for whatever reason it is. Proverbs 19:11 says, “A person’s wisdom yields patience; it is to one’s glory to overlook an offence”.

Why do people get offended, let us have a look as some of the reasons?

  • People are too sensitive: According to a research by Stony Brook University, about 20 per cent of the population are genetically predisposed to empathy that is, they respond intensely to both positive and negative stimuli.
  • Ego: This is very powerful three letter word. A silly argument breaks out between two people, because both of them think they are right, and they do not want to compromise. Friendship, relationships are often split by their own ego. A healthy argument is always good, but it is never healthy if you get offended. Holding grudges just to prove a point or just to display one’s power over a subordinate are all traits of ego. Both parties feel that one is more offended than the other. 
  • Work Place: Stress at work place can cause a lot of behavioural changes. Not loving the work that you do can also lead to stress. This can cause a person to offend others and also get offended easily. This tends to become the permanent character of a person within a few months, and he/she become insufferable. One can develop anxiety with such stress induced behaviour.
  • Insecurities : Not having anyone to depend on, developing the thought that  “No one is there for me”, can create a sense of not being happy or even put you in a state of depression, which makes you care less about others. This makes you prone to offend others or get offended easily.
  • Diet: The type of food that we eat today reduces the life span of a person considerably, mainly due to processed foods (even junk food) which are easily accessible and takes almost no time to prepare. These contain preservatives and MSG’s to give that taste which you do not get from food prepared at home. These chemical are not good over the long haul. Most of the ingredients are also synthetic, artificial or adulterated. These can be allergic or different than what your body can process. Scientifically it is said that these substances do not allow you to produce hormones like serotonin or GABA which are produced as brain calming hormones, so this makes you more prone to anger, hence get offended.

Value of Discipline in life

Imagine being in a society where there is no discipline, just think for a mere second, what would happen to this world if there is no discipline. The only word that comes up instantly is disaster. If there is no discipline among the people of a society then there is just chaos. Discipline bridges the gap between our aims and achievements. In every sphere of life this is a very essential factor. To quote Roy Smith, discipline is the refining power which transforms talent into ability. If soldiers disobey the orders of higher officials and perform their duties as they like, then terrorists can easily enter our country and ruin everything. In the same way disciplined soldiers are more efficient to work. In a battle fought between the Englishmen and Frenchmen, the English won the battle even though the French had a bigger army, this was because of their discipline and morale. Imagine that you are a pedestrian, and the drivers on the road are not following the traffic rules, scary? This is what lack of discipline can do to a peaceful society. Countries like Japan and Israel have a higher economic growth compared to a lot of countries, this is because of the discipline shown by the common public. 

Advantages of being disciplined:- 

● Being disciplined will help a person focus more on their goals and day to day activities. They perform their activities in a more efficient manner. 

● Being disciplined has its own perks as well, people start respecting you as discipline commands respect. Since being disciplined takes a lot of effort, people respect your determination. 

● Being disciplined helps you finish your job smoothly and on time. You will not be distracted by anything else and will be focused on your work. 

● Being disciplined includes having a balanced life with habits like healthy food, exercise, walking and sleeping at the right time. Hence you have a better and healthy life. 

● Being disciplined helps a person have a very good self control over himself/herself, avoiding silly problems, not indulging in trivial things and having a healthy relationship with everyone around them. 

● Being disciplined will also help a person avoid unnecessary stress or tension and be happy in all their activities. 

● Being disciplined will make a person more organized, they will have a time schedule allotted for every activity, and this will help them find a lot of extra time to relax. 

● Being disciplined will also make a person value time the most, and make use of every second possible. They have better time management skills than others. 

Conclusion:- 

Discipline should be omnipresent. Every small activity taking place around us happens in discipline, be it the sun rising on time or the birds chirping blissfully in the early morning or the blood flowing in our veins or the heart that beats continuously. They all happen to continuously do their work without any help or a clock. Initially we might feel it’s excruciating but with time it will always get better soon. Imagine how beautiful and happy will all of our life be if it’s disciplined. This will help all of us resist evil and enjoy life’s true fruits in a real sense. 

NATURAL DISASTER!!!!…

We all have studied in our primary school that flood, earthquake, tsunami, volcano eruption, wildfire, drought etc. are natural disasters.
But in today’ time are these really just a natural disaster????? No in today’s time these have become MAN MADE DISASTERS ….yes, these disasters are happening in today’s time because of human’s mistakes ….just because human interrupts in process of NATURE….

Let’s talk about every topic one by one :

  1. FLOOD – yes flood. As it is rainy season, we can clearly see in our surroundings that so many cities either it is metropolitan or not have filled by water… every street, every crossing is just totally filled up by water…why????…..does this rain take place for the first time in our life so that we couldn’t make any arrangements???……did this rain not occur in the old time?? ..…it occurred….. But in old time they had better arrangements than us ….
    What we have done guys the first problem is population….since there are so many people and everyone will live in a home so what we did??? Just cut the trees and forests and made very big big buildings and had not made any drainage system for the water…
    There is just a small amount of rain in any city and just look at it situation it become water water everywhere..
    And now when the water enters in our home then we blame GOD for all this…Here is no fault of GOD…here is the fault of us THE HUMANS….
    There is also another thing to be noticed that we have seen so many times that any animals like leopard, snakes usually come into our city or sometimes even in our streets … another example, we have seen that animals like rhino and elephants are walking on road why???….. Don’t they have their home (forests)??…. The answer is NO…We have occupied their home we have finished the forests and build our home …we have divested their home so where they will go that’s why they just come to cities….. Here is no fault of animals it was their home and we have divest it form them so fault is of us THE HUMANS….
  2. EARTHQUAKE- There was a time when earth quake was a natural disaster but now it has also become man made disaster.

Some scientists have traced the increase in earthquakes, especially in areas not known for the presence of fault lines or past seismic activity, to human actions. That’s right. We humans are causing earthquakes more frequently than ever before. scientists have identified a variety of large-scale human activities that can trigger earthquakes.

Although natural earthquakes usually occur along fault lines, While many human-induced earthquakes are mild and don’t cause much damage, some of them can be serious and dangerous. In fact, scientists believe human activity has caused earthquakes with magnitudes as high as 7.9 on the Richter scale.
Scientists believe most human-induced earthquakes are the result of mining. As companies drill deeper and deeper below Earth’s surface to extract natural resources, holes left behind can cause instability that leads to collapses that trigger earthquakes.

Building large dams can also cause earthquakes. For example, approximately 80,000 people died in China in 2008 as a result of a 7.9-magnitude earthquake triggered by 320 million tons of water that had been collected in the Zipingpu Reservoir after a large dam was built over a known fault line.

Another human activity triggering earthquakes is hydraulic fracturing (known as “fracking”) for oil and gas, including the high pressure wastewater disposal that usually accompanies fracking. In this process, water, sand, and chemicals are pumped underground under high pressure to fracture rocks to release natural resources.

As those resources, such as oil and natural gas, make their way to the surface, so do the water and chemicals that were injected to begin the process. This wastewater is collected and often injected deep underground again to dispose of it. Both the fracking process and wastewater disposal have been shown to trigger earthquakes.
These aren’t the only human activities that can trigger earthquakes, though. Scientists point out that earthquakes can also be triggered by other human activities, such as construction of skyscrapers and nuclear explosions.

  1. DROUGHT- Mr. Rajendra Singh, Chairman, Tarun Bharat Sanghsaw the current drought as, “A man made disaster.” He called for, “A community driven decentralized water policy as the only solution. Before offering solutions we first need to listen to the knowledge of the farmers who have dealt with drought.”

Mr. Richard Mahapatra, managing editor, of Down to Earth magazine claimed “There is no connection between monsoon and drought, the dire situation has been caused mismanagement of water.”

  1. FOREST FIRE- The causes of forest fire have been increasing rapidly. The problem has been accentuated by the growing human and cattle population. People enter forests ever more frequently to graze cattle, collect fuel wood, timber and other minor forest produce. It has been estimated that 90% of forest fires in India are man-made
    Fire is caused when a source of fire like naked flame, cigarette or bidi, electric spark or any source of ignition comes into contact with inflammable material.

Recent amazon rain forest’s fire , Australia ‘s forest fire there are so much examples of this…

So , we have seen that humans are continuously interrupting in nature but remember when nature will determined to learn us a lesson that day…that day no one will be able to ask any question no one will be able to say a single world because when nature got angry then there is no one on this earth who can save us…

THIS IS JUST A SIMPLE THING NATURE IS JUST LIKE OUR MOTHER CARE IT…RESPECT IT…THIS IS NATURE WHO PROVIDES US THE LAND ON WHICH WE CAN LIVE EASILY AND WHAT WE ARE GIVING IT IN RETURN… POLLUTED SOIL????….IT PROVIDE US WATER AND WHAT WE ARE GIVING IT IN RETURN… POLLUTED WATER???…..IT PROVIDES US GREENERY AND WHAT WE ARE GIVING IT IN RETURN…. DROUGHT??…WE ARE CUTTING TRESS????….
REMEMBER THIS EARTH IS THE HOME OF NATURE ….NATURE IS THE OWNER OF EARTH AND WE ALL ARE JUST GUEST…..TODAY WE ARE HERE …TOMORROW WE WILL NOT…. BUT THE NATURE WILL…
AS I SAID ABOVE WE ARE JUST GUEST WE SHOULD LEARN TO LIVE PEACEFULLY WITHOUT SPOILING THE NATURE’S HOME…..BECAUSE IF WE DO SOMETHING WRONG THEN NATURE WILL GET OUT US…….

Potential Appraisal

Each and every person has some or the other talent. Some talents and skills they know about that while some are not known. The talent which he or she may not know is known as hidden talents. As it is correctly said by Delue –

“We all have hidden talents waiting to be discovered.”

And identifying these talents is done by Potential Appraisal. Potential Appraisal is also known as Potential Evaluation. Potential Appraisal is a crucial function of Human Resource Management. It is used by many organisations. Before moving further first we should know that what is potential appraisal? Potential Appraisal is an appraisal process which helps in identification of the hidden talents or skills which is present within a person. The person might or might not be aware of them. Appraising the potential of a human resource in a scientific and systematic manner can help an organisation in enhancing their corporate performance. It can be also defined as a new system of developing employees for occupying higher position in an organisation is called potential appraisal. It is a future – oriented appraisal and its main objective is to identify and evaluate the potential or the hidden talent of an employee so that he can take the higher position and responsibilities in the organisational hierarchy. The time for a potential appraisal is not fixed. The assessment activity is done under the discretion of managers. There are many organisations who uses potential appraisal as a part of performance appraisal process but potential appraisal is different from performance appraisal. Actually potential refers to the skills and abilities which an employee possess but which are not currently brought into use by an organisation. As these are the skills which helps an employee to take higher challenges on job in future. And when these untapped and unutilized qualities are put to use they are definitely going to give fruitful results to the organisation. The attributes and qualities which are hidden might be in the form of analytical power, creative thinking, innovative ideas, ability to predict future condition and changes, proactive, problem-solving, decision-making, etc. So, we have to find all these hidden talents which are there in an employee and have to make optimum use of these so that the goals of both the parties can be achieved. The main purposes of Potential Appraisal are –

  • To make employees aware of their future prospects.
  • To provide training and development activity to your employees.
  • To provide career opportunities by advising them to work hard.
  • To draft a management succession programmes.

These are the purposes for which potential appraisal takes place. Potential Appraisal can be used in a number of human resource management functions like human resource planning, career and succession planning, promotion and transfer decision and for training and development. But the main use of potential appraisal are –

  • Employee Development – It is a powerful tool for developing our employees. Potential Appraisal also helps in developing the career of employees as it helps in identifying the hidden talent and skills of an employee. It helps the employee to know their certain competency which was earlier not known to them.
  • Motivates Employees – As the organisation helps them to identify the talent which was within them but was not known to them. This motivates employees as know they can further develop their skills and competencies.
  • Identifying Training Needs – Potential Appraisal helps the organisation to identify the training needs as such appraisal throws light on the hidden skills of employees and by providing them appropriate training program can help both organisation and employee to grow.
  • Assistance to Organisation – It provides assistance to the organisation as now the duties and responsibilities can be provided to the potential employees and can ensure continuous growth of the organisation.
  • Assessing the Individual – Potential Appraisal helps us to assess an individual that how much level of work an employee can handle comfortably and successfully.

As we know, appraisal system varies from organisation – to – organisation. But according to me potential appraisal should be followed by each and every organisation as it will help in building a strong relationship between the employee and the organisation.

Students’ Engagement with Politics

The average Indian student’s encounters with the word ‘politics’ is often colored with negative experiences and connotations. When one talks of politics at the workplace or at the church, it is always used in a manner that signifies that something is wrong there – there is a moral implication in these ideas. Many use the word itself as referring to something which is the domain of a certain few who are power-hungry and seek to control. This is because their definition of what is political is extremely limited and their experience of the world has been limited to certain spaces that they inhabit. Many do not see their duty as a citizen of a democratic country to include anything but going to the voting booth whenever elections come along. Many also do not know whom to vote for or what they stand for, so they are easily persuaded by campaigners, many are promised material benefits, many others go with what their family or friends say, and still others for whoever appears to match their personal tastes. With India being the largest democracy in the world and yet finding itself the hub of many communal riots and systemic shutting down of voices, it is time we start asking what our role is in a political system.

The student is considered the future of the country. She is the one who is going to inhabit the world that is currently being built and who will go on to shape and change the world as she moves into the public arena. In this context, it is absolutely vital that she be able to understand what the system that governs her stands for and how it functions. A general understanding of political systems of governance, ‘political literacy’ itself is one of the most essential qualities that an individual should possess. This also makes the person aware of the challenges that are facing their society, the issues that other sections of the society are fighting against, and also nurtures a sense of responsibility. It will aid in creating a bent towards social action and for standing for what is right.

It is in recognition of the potential that resides in young minds and their part in creating the future that many fundamental aspects of the government are included in school curriculums for all students and not just those going onto study political science or sociology. This is also why the government’s move to remove many-core passages from CBSE textbooks which talk of these very things is looked upon with apprehension. This is also why political parties are allowed to exist on many college campuses, although this is becoming rarer now. It is in these formative years that a student’s capacity to think is shaped by what he reads and sees, and his perception of the world expanded. While many college politics stories turn violent, the solution is not to curb all activism but to instill principles that will guide students as they make decisions and decide what is worth standing for. The idea that machoism and calling for blood is the epitome of political interaction has to be dismantled and replaced by consistent engagement and listening. There should be dignity and freedom of making choices that are based on strong moral principles, and spaces of dialogue created. The youth will not disappoint if they are given the tools they need to navigate these discussions, and they are standing up for causes as is evident from the number of student-led protests that happened in our country in the past one year. Students are to be exposed to arenas of political interaction and allowed to participate so that they can develop their own ways of seeing and thinking, as well as ensure that the country is in safe hands.

HOW LAW HAS AN IMPACT IN YOUR LIFE

The most well-known manner by which individuals portrayed their noteworthy common equity issues is that it’s either misfortune or God’s will for them. … In the event that I think something has simply transpired in my life due to powers beyond my ability to do anything about, I’m most likely not going to go down to the nearby legitimate office and request lawful assistance with an issue that I don’t comprehend is lawful.

Everything to lay it out simply, the law is the thing that keeps a great deal of things running easily and precise. Without law there would be a ton of mayhem. We people can be very awful animals to one another, envision there wasn’t a law set up to oppress murderers,i can wager you there would be much more deaths, on the other hand , Stealing wasn’t a wrongdoing, admirably I’ll let you picture that in your mind. Laws are what guard you, they influence your life in a bigger number of ways than you can even think.

Satisfaction and the law appear to be random, isn’t that right? The law harshly disallows individuals from getting things done and afterward backs up its principles with alarming disciplines. Be that as it may, envision what life would resemble if there were no law. Being burglarized or assaulted could turn into a typical event, and the greater part of the advantages of society we as a whole underestimate would not, at this point be conceivable. At the point when you consider it, the general purpose of having law is to improve our lives.

Great laws assist individuals with carrying on with more joyful lives. So if a nation needs to make great laws, it ought to realize what satisfies individuals. Furthermore, luckily, there’s been an ongoing blast of examination into bliss. In what capacity would that be able to investigate be utilized to improve laws?

Some people are affected more and others less. However, the law and government do affect us all in some common ways. Most importantly, the law and government affect us by allowing us to live in a society where we are not related to most other people and we generally do not even know who they are. Most definitely the so-called “civil law” or, depending on you location, the “common law”. The “law” is a set of rules designed to regulate relations (a) between humans and (b) between humans and objects. What exactly those rules are, and how they operate, varies. Typically, when people think of the “law”, they think of circumstances when the “law” becomes visible, i.e. in exceptional circumstances that are potentially life-changing, i.e. criminal law,or when the state makes it’s presence known, by demanding you pay taxes. However, daily life is usually regulated by a much larger degree by the so-called “zivilrecht”, for lack of a better word, a “law of interpersonal relationships”. You get up in the morning, out of bed? Chances are you bought that bed someplace, so the law of contracts, which governs sales, has something to do with it. The bed is standing in a flat or house, which is either rented → law on lease agreements, or owned → property law. You take a shower → you have a service agreement with your utilities provider, who ensures that there is water in the pipe leading to your domicile. You get dressed → law of contracts concerning how you bought the clothes you wear, → property law concerning you’re allowed to do with them as you please.

You leave house and walk down the street → traffic laws are designed dot make that a safe and convenient experience: and enter a coffee shop. There, you buy a cup of coffee, a bagel, and an newspaper for your breakfast → depending on where in the world you are, you just entered into, and executed, anything between one and nine contracts governing the passage of ownership of coffee, bagel and newspaper to you, reciprocal obligations (“stuff” for “money) concerning the quality, payment of the items you purchased, and them now “belonging” to you, and not to the coffee shop, any more.

If the coffee shop is part of a chain, chances are you will not be contracting with the guy behind the counter, but with a company (f.e, Starbucks?), so laws on representation and agency also apply. In 90% of the cases, if your coffee is cold, you will complain to whoever sold you your coffee if the coffee is too cold → Implied terms, coffee is suitable for human consumption and of a “typically to be expected” quality and temperature.

All of this happens more or less “in plain sight”, but out of mind. It is supposed to happen that way. The law is there, more or less invisible to non-lawyers, but it only becomes visible when things go wrong. y Our everyday lives are typically enmeshed by legal rules, most of them concerning “commercial” transactions in the widest sense. That is the area of law that most of us will find prevalent in our everyday lives. Everything else, Taxes, criminal law, etc., is not nearly as prevalent.

BY GOVIND SAGAR

Turning Point!

Everyone has face situations in their life which they never expected in their path. People have their own hurdles and obstacles to elucidate with. Every person has made certain goals in their life and working towards it so that they can accomplish it. But in the journey of accomplishment one has to face many hitches in which many of them would give up, some of them will get bored of it, some of them will change the goal itself as they find too many hurdles to cross. In all of them there would be some exceptions too. Some of them will wait for a turning point or I would say a kick to continue the run to reach the finishing line.

Turning point in life can be good or bad but it will teach you a life lesson which will be with you throughout your life.  There was a simple girl who loves her family distributing her time equally for sports and studies. She was a National Volley Ball player. She was living her life happily but one incident changed her life. She met with an accident where two chain snatcher tried to snatch her chain when she was in train as she was a sports player giving up was not an option for her she tried hard to push the snatchers but life as other plans for her the snatchers pull her out and thrown her out of the train it doesn’t stop here she hit hard herself from another train coming from the tracks parallel to the first. She fall down between the tracks, no one noticed her. She was not conscious, she knows her life was not same now it was fallen apart her both legs was bleeding she saw her one leg was broken into pieces and other was not at all visible. 48 trains passed by but none of them noticed her she got companions that was rats. Now this was her turning point. Life throw us with situations which we had not expected in our nightmares. But now this is reality she is handicapped. The village people carried her in the nearby hospital, afterwards it was revealed she was a National Volley Ball player then she was shifted to AIIMS Delhi. She was bed ridden, with three spine fractures, one leg was artificial and in other leg a rod was inserted. On that hospital bed she decided to become mountaineer and she also decided to climb Mount Everest. This was shocking, surprising for everyone whoever hears it. No one encourages her for the goal she had in her mind but, she was firm with her goal she just aim herself on top of the Mount Everest. She knows it already it will be a journey where her life was on stake. She is not normal now she doesn’t fit the ideology of normal as per the society. Easy things like climbing, walking will be not easier for her the thing she left with was her will to not give up at any cost. The young girl just wanted to show the world if anybody wants to conquer the world luck is not an essential thing it’s the will, if we have a will the luck will also play its role and the way will be easy to locate and to conquer. Days of training, finding sponsorship, dealing with the society is not that simple as it seems but she survived it all.

Climbing the highest peak of world is visibly not everyone’s cup of tea. She managed to reach the peak of the Mount Everest with minimum oxygen level. When she started the descending journey from the mountains her oxygen was zero and she fell down but as I said if we have a will all the other things will find its way to reach you that’s what happened in this young girl’s story. A British mountaineer on his way down run out to help her, he had two oxygen cylinder with him. This saved the young girl’s life. That how she completed her journey with an artificial leg and other one with rod inserted. She was none other than Mrs. Arunima Sinha she reached the summit of the Mount Everest as on 21st May 2013.

Life give us turning point when we least expect it coming this hard in our path. But if we use this turning point wisely with all our hearts and brains then it will never disappoint us with the results.

“When Life throw lemons on us we should catch them, squeeze them, crush them, add salt, add mint, add soda, and water your lemonade is ready. Complaining about the sour taste of lemon will let you reach nowhere so its better you make your drink in your own way.”

Creativity is Imagination with Responsibility

Human creativity is what drives us forward as a species. It is this unique ability to harness our thoughts and ideas that has been responsible for some of the world’s greatest inventions, from the wheel to the microprocessor.

Despite our incredible capacity for creativity and imagination, many of us actually understand very little about the creative process.

“Creativity involves breaking out of established patterns in order to look at things in a different way.”–. Edward de Bono

The very phrase “creative thinking” gives rise to associations connected with something mysterious and new. How can we define creative thinking? How to improve and develop creative thinking skills? This kind of mental activity is associated with a special brain function – imagination.

Imagination is not part of any of the mental functions (memory, perception, attention). It unites them and becomes a transitional form between all structures of holistic intelligence. What is actually the definition of imagination? What techniques and exercises can we use to develop it? And what benefits can we get?

Generating reality in images is the physical ability of the human brain only. Its peculiarities are that it has a connection with organic, semantic and mental components of thinking and unites them. It is still unknown where the neural structures of the brain responsible for its appearance are located. Therefore, in general, the word “imagination” justifies its mystery and phenomenality, it is the essence of the creative principle. With its help, artistic and cultural masterpieces are created: literature, painting, sculpture. All these achievements are realized by mankind due to this phenomenon.

In the imagination there are hidden opportunities that create unlimited the processes of knowledge in our world. The reflection of reality in the mind with the help of imagination is essential both for the intelligence and for the psyche:

  • a person with the help of imagination plans his further actions and can mentally imagine his behavior, think over the preliminary result of his actions;
  • due to imagination, a person can be transported in time – into the past or the future, randomly evoke long-gone events from memory, relive these feelings, extracting material for creativity from them.
  • in the imagination tasks are solved when the immediate real action in practice is unavailable or is not completely clear; with its help the missing details of the information ca be refined

“Creativity” is not the miraculous road to business growth and affluence that is so abundantly claimed these days. And for the line manager, particularly, it may be more of a millstone than a milestone. Those who extol the liberating virtues of corporate creativity over the somnambulistic vices of corporate conformity may actually be giving advice that in the end will reduce the creative animation of business. This is because they tend to confuse the getting of ideas with their implementation—that is, confuse creativity in the abstract with practical innovation; not understand the operating executive’s day-to-day problems; and underestimate the intricate complexity of business organizations.

The trouble with much of the advice business is getting today about the need to be more vigorously creative is, essentially, that its advocates have generally failed to distinguish between the relatively easy process of being creative in the abstract and the infinitely more difficult process of being innovationist in the concrete. Indeed, they misdefine “creativity” itself. Too often, for them, “creativity” means having great, original ideas. Their emphasis is almost all on the thoughts themselves. Moreover, the ideas are often judged more by their novelty than by their potential usefulness, either to consumers or to the company. In this article, I shall show that in most cases, having a new idea can be “creative” in the abstract but destructive in actual operation, and that often instead of helping a company, it will even hinder it.

Suppose you know two artists. One tells you an idea for a great painting, but he does not paint it. The other has the same idea and paints it. You could easily say the second man is a great creative artist. But could you say the same thing of the first man? Obviously not. He is a talker, not a painter.

That is precisely the problem with so much of today’s pithy praise of creativity in business—with the unending flow of speeches, books, articles, and “creativity workshops” whose purpose is to produce more imaginative and creative managers and companies. My observations of these activities over a number of years lead me firmly to this conclusion. They mistake an idea for a great painting with the great painting itself. They mistake brilliant talk for constructive action.

But, as anybody who knows anything about any organization knows only too well, it is hard enough to get things done at all, let alone to introduce a new way of doing things, no matter how good it may seem. A powerful new idea can kick around unused in a company for years, not because its merits are not recognized but because nobody has assumed the responsibility for converting it from words into action. What is often lacking is not creativity in the idea-creating sense but innovation in the action-producing sense, i.e., putting ideas to work.

Quality v/s Quantity

There is always a big debate going on that what is good QUALITY OR QUANTITY …..Some said that if you have a thing in more quantity then you will win but some said that if you have quality in your work then you will win…… we should listen to whom?????
Actually it depends on situation which is in front of us ….it depends on which topic we are talking about…
So there are some fields in which this confusion has created …these are listed below…..after reading this I hope this confusion just get sort out..

  1. Student life – This dispute always create a confusion specially for students because they are just new comers in the world’s competitive world….
    At student life we all thought if we write so many pages or the full answer copy then we will get more marks, this situation comes specially in board exams and in college exams… they thought so, because maybe they have seen someone who is doing the same and getting the good results … here can be fault of those teachers who check the copy by counting that how many pages a student have filled….
    The students thought so…because there is no one to tell them about this topic…. there is no one who can make understand them that quality matters most.

As they are the new comers and they were at the age where many people get distracted easily ….so they do so…they just flow with everyone….
In this field quality and quantity both matters here quantity doesn’t mean that you are writing a answer which is full of rubbish matter …your content should related to the question.. you should always write quality content…

  1. Politics – In politics quantity is more important ..the more supporters a party have the more powerful the party will be..
    In politics majority matters a lot….

3. Food – we all want food but in quantity???…. the answer is NO… we want food but quality food we make efforts in our whole life just to get quality food , quality life….
In food quality matters.. just think if you have a lot of food but it is rotten then still will you prefer to eat it ???….NO Na ….

4. Business – In business suppose that you are the owner of that, then now think if you have 100 employee but only 50 of them are qualitative , only they are giving best output and other 50 are just increasing the rush…..and for the business it is waste of money by providing them salary….
In business quality matters most…. because if the owner has qualitative workers then the business will grow up…..

5. Children– As we see that in old time a family used to have so many children…they didn’t think that they should focus on quality if they give birth to even a single child and give them the education of values , ethics and make him/her worth to the family, to the society, to the world then it will be more beneficial to all for them as well as the world…..so here quality matters…

6. Social connectivity- In today’s era everyone has social media accounts and have so many friends on it either it is Facebook / Instagram/ twitter and so on…..but a person is all alone in the real world ….now suppose that you have a long friend list in real life but if you can’t trust them and none of them helps you in your tough time then this all long friend list is just waste…..so here also quality matters….

So above are the fields… and here so many field can occur….there is no end of this list …

CONCLUSION OF THIS DISCUSSION IS THAT IT ONLY DEPENDS ON SITUATION OR ON FIELD ….OF WHICH WE ARE TALKING ABOUT …IN SOME FIELDS WE NEED QUANTITY AND SIMILARLY IN SOME FIELDS WE NEED QUALITY….
IT ONLY DEPENDS ON US THAT WHAT WE CHOOSE….SO CHOOSE WISELY….

Dreams

We all have this one thought when we wake up from our sleep. “Whoa.. What a crazy dream.” But then immediately the next moment you try to remember it and think, “What dream?!”

Yes, most of us have been there. So today, let’s talk about these dreams that we have.

Lucid dreaming is quite uncommon. Lucid dreaming is a state where the person is aware that they are dreaming and can even control their dreams. It’s a common phenomenon that we often hear of. But not many people can actually do it. A research suggests that only about 20% of the total population can actually lucid dream.

Dreaming is very important for our health. Through researches it has been found that dreaming is really important for us. We are aware that constant lack of sleep eventually leads to health problems. If we don’t get enough sleep for a long time we may start hallucinating and our concentration power decreases in general. It can also lead to Alzheimer, heart disease, and obesity. Apart from lack of sleep, lack of dreams is also partly responsible for these health hazards. Actually when we are in REM cycle of dreaming it helps us restore our brain and allows us to subconsciously process things.

Dream journals improve how well we remember our dreams. This one is for those who want to be able to remember the dreams that they have when they sleep. It is said that about 95% of all our dreams are quickly forgotten as we wake up. However it is possible that with some skill we can recall our dreams without thinking about it too much. And this skill can be improved through jotting down every detail that we can remember from our dream in a journal. Practicing this on a daily basis can help us remember our dreams in bigger chunks everytime we do it. We just have to be consistent with this one habit.

Dreams become more complex as the night goes on. People who can already remember their dreams might have noticed that as the night grows their dreams become more complex and bizarre. They even become more vivid and emotional. This is likely attributed to the fact that the longer we sleep the deeper sleep we achieve. This allows us to process things work through fears and reorganize memories more intensely.

Not everyone can dream. People who have suffered a traumatic brain injury may find that they no longer can dream. This probably happens because of damage caused on the part of brain that involved emotion, memory and imagination.

We have multiple dreams a night. We usually dream about 4-6 times every night. The time can range from a minute to twenty minutes each. This possible because of the fact that sleep happens in cycles. People usually get to REM sleep, which is required for dreams to haopen about 4-6 times a night. So in an eight-hour sleep period a person might spend two of them dreaming.

So, today when you go to sleep that even though your body will be at rest, your brain won’t! Happy dreaming!

Management Development

“Of course education becomes very very important and that’s for our human resource development.”

– By Abdullah Ahmad Badawi

Today’s scenario is characterised by constant change and dynamism especially in businesses. So, inorder to face this dynamic environment it is very important to change or upgrade yourself according to the need and requirements. Earlier training programmes where conducted in the organisation in order to improve the performance of the employee in a particular job. But now organisations have become more human resource oriented as we know that it is one who plays the main and dominant role in helping the organisation to reach the top and stand apart in the crowd. With the passage of time the role of the managers and executives are becoming complex now it is not as easy as it was earlier. As we know success and growth of an organisation largely depends upon the calibre, capabilities and performance of its managers or executives. So, a manager is the dynamic life-giving element in any organisation. Hence, it becomes important for managers to educate and update themselves regularly about the changes in the management practices. So, it can be said that due to the changes and complexities a new word came into existence and it is Management Development.

Management Development can be defined as a process of utilising a systematic procedure of training by which managerial personnel gain conceptual and theoretical knowledge which he can use to manage the work in their organisation effectively and efficiently. Management Development is a long-term educational process. It involves broader education and its main purpose is long-term development. Management Development is a continuous process as our environment changes continuously so the managers also have to update their knowledge and skills accordingly. As there is always a gap between actual and potential performance. So management development helps in filling these gaps. Management Development programme helps in bridging the gap between the two. This helps in enriching the functional capacity of executives and managers by continuously updating their knowledge and skills through management development programmes. As we know human behaviour is dynamic and it changes from time to time. So in order to ensure better interpersonal skills some properly designed management development programmes should be conducted for attaining managerial success. Management development programmes helps in improving the deficiency of managers and the organisation can derive immediate benefits from these programmes. Management development programmes can be designed by taking into consideration some issues like employee motivation, pattern of conflict, etc as these are the reasons why they cannot show their full potential. And if they receive some quality programmes on these topics this will really help them alot. It also facilitates self-development of managers, as with the help of this programme they can learn new things. The need for management development arises due to the following reasons –

  • Complexity of Jobs – As the current scenario is changing and becoming complicated and more challenging. So in order to cope up this situation the managers and executives need varied skills and proper training to deal with this problem. And this is possible only through management development programmes.
  • Lack of Trained Managers – As we know precious things take time to come infront of us, same goes with employees and managers too. Talented and matured managers and executives are not easily available. We have to find the calibre and talent which is within them and this we have to find out by providing management development.
  • Changes in Technology – As we know rapid changes are taking place in the business world. And to cope up with the change is the main problem. So for this proper training and exposure in computer application and information technology should be provided.
  • Obsolescence – Executive obsolescence occurs due to mental and ageing process. So this can be corrected by offering them some opportunities of self-development and it must continue throughout the career of an executive.

So lastly always provide some or the other opportunities to your managers, executives and employees so that they feel connected with your organisation and can work hard to achieve organisational and individual goals.

BE SMART AND INNOVATE YOUR SELF TO THE FULLEST POWER

                                                                                                  -SHUBHANKAR

Well innovation is the need of the hour. But how to get the right innovative idea for the right product/service, is the most important question to answer. See, marketing a product or service is as important as say, giving a life to a product. Without proper marketing techniques, a product or service, be it very very good won’t succeed in a consumer-oriented market, which is in place nowadays. Consumer is the king of the market, whatever he/she demands needs to be provided, if not the consumers can shift from one seller to another in no time. So, now the question arises, how can one be innovative in a right way.

The answer to this question is the fact that marketers should be open to analysing the market in frequent intervals. What I mean by analysing the market is, the marketers need to know about what is the target market for their product or service, how will they manage to get their attention, what’s the best means of communication through which they can communicate about their product to the customer in a very effective way. Innovation comes to play in this area of work for the marketer. Marketer after making sure that he/she has selected the best medium of communication, has to now decide the innovative feature he/she can add to make the advertisement of the product or service stand out among the competitors in the market in the eyes of the consumers.

Now talking about innovation, innovative means are very different for any individual. Some marketers might innovate with the distribution strategy, put into perspective different schemes for their customers to increase sales, some might look for product innovation, creating a unique product for the consumers, which would let them earn higher profits in the future. What marketers can use is the psychological aspect. Psychological aspect in branding can be very well used through the use of colours.

Now let me explain you the use of colours in branding in a very effective way:

            COLOURS        EMOTIONSBRAND (Using this in logo)
BlueStrength, TrustHP, Twitter
GreenPeaceful, HealthMonster
DiversifiedMixed FeelingsMicrosoft, eBay
YellowWarmth, ClarityBest Buy
RedBold, PowerExxon

Now, see this is one of the innovative ways through which various companies can design their logo’s in a very different and attractive way.

The 2nd innovative thing which a company can do is the use of innovative names. According to a survey, the company with the most innovative names in the 21st century is Apple Inc. and the 2nd position is taken by Alphabet company. And look at the performances of these companies, these are the top companies of the world, and one of the factors besides their unique and technology bounded products is the uniqueness of their names. Now, having said so much about marketing and stuff, what about the uniqueness in the advertising displayed through various communication modes.

The 3rd and the most important thing is the innovativeness shown in the advertisements. Advertisements are the one’s which show the product or service to the end consumers. So, if the advertisement is unique, so will the sales ultimately increase. One of the most important aspect in advertisement is the use of emotional aspect in advertisement. If the advertisement is emotionally appealing, them it has the most positive impact on the consumers. This is a kind of mind game which the marketer needs to play and sell his product.

MESNE PROFIT

Section 2(12) CPC states, “‘Mesne Profit’ of property means those profits which the person in wrongful possession of such property actually received or might with ordinary diligence have received therefrom, together with interest on such profits, but shall not include profits due to improvements made by the person in wrongful possession.”

When a person is dispossessed from his immovable property, he has two rights:

  1. He is entitled to receive possession of property;
  2. He is also entitled to receive damages for wrongful dispossession.

The mesne profits are a compensation which are penal in nature.

OBJECT

Every person has a right to possess his property. And when he is deprived of such right by another person, he is not only entitled to restoration of possession of his property, but also damages for wrongful possession from that person. The mense profits are thus a compensation paid to the real owner.

The object of awarding a decree for mense profit is to compensate the person who has been kept out of possession and deprived of enjoyment of his property even though he has entitled to possession thereof.

WHO IS LIABLE FOR MESNE PROFIT?

A person in wrong possession and enjoyment of immovable property is liable to mesne profits because wrongful possession of the defendant is the essence of a claim for mesne profits. Following persons are liable for mesne profit:

  • a trespasser;
  • a person against whom a decree for possession has been passed;
  • a mortgagor in possession of mortgaged property after a decree for foreclosure has been passed against him;
  • a mortgagor in possession of property even after a decree for redemption is passed;
  • a tenant holding over at will after a notice to quit has been served upon him.

Where the plaintiff is dispossessed by several persons, everyone would be liable to pay mesne profit to the plaintiff even though he might not be in actual possession or the profits might not have been received by him. The court in such cases may hold all the trespassers jointly and severely liable, leaving them to have their respective rights adjusted in a separate suit for contribution; or, may ascertain and apportion the liability of each of them. (Fateh Chand v.s Bal Kishan Das,AIR 1963 SC)

ASSESSMENT

In assessing the mesne profits, usually the Court will take into account what the defendant has gained or reasonably might have gained by his wrongful possession of the property. the test is not what the plaintiff has lost by being out of possession but what the defendant gained or might reasonably and with ordinary prudence have gained by such wrongful possession.

PRINCIPLES

The guiding principles for determination of mesne profits are as follow:

  • The profits must be accounted of by the person in wrongful possession.
  • Restoration of status to the decree holder about the possession of the property.
  • Use to which the decree holder would have put the property if he himself was in possession.

LAW IN INDIA

Law is essential for society to function. The chaotic human nature has proven that laws are guidelines for humanity’s road to harmony. According to Hugo Grotius, perception of law he argued that law arises from the social impulse of humanity. Law is a tool that maintains the balance between those who are victims are those who harm the victims. Law is dynamic and ever-changing. It changes along with the consequential change in human nature. Law has always reflected human nature. The crucial part of the law is that every man regardless of his wealth, gender, community, and color is equal in the eyes of law. Thus the law is an important fragment of human existence.

Law is classified into civil law and criminal law. Criminal law is laws or rules created for the protection of the public against potentially serious crimes. The laws are against acts that are morally, ethically wrong, and threatening to the public welfare of the community thus halting the progress of the society to a harmonious society. Criminal offenses are considered offenses against the public. Criminal cases are punished by ordering fines, imprisonments, or rehabilitation of the guilty or even death sentences. Criminal cases are always filed by the government as it is a crime against the public as a whole. Criminal law in India is governed by the Indian penal code, The Code of Criminal Procedure, and the Evidence Act. The criminal acts are categorized according to the nature of the act as felonies or misdemeanors. Felonies are serious crimes; they are classified into different classes and given different punishments according to the severity of the crime. Felonies are punishable by imprisonment or death. Misdemeanors are violations of law or lesser offenses such as parking violations and are punished for a sentence lesser than a year.

Civil law on the other hand is offenses against individual persons. The party at fault or the guilty person has to pay compensation or obey the laws for a remedy as said by the law. Civil law is practiced to uphold the individual’s private right and find suitable remedies for the violated rights. Civil law aims to solve disputes or disagreements between individuals, families, or companies by providing compensation to the party that is harmed. Civil law is classified into Contract, Tort, and Family Law. Contract law is rules are applied when two or more parties agree to enter into an agreement or contract; all parties in the agreement are required to respect the terms of the agreement. Any parties found to have broken the terms of the contract then they have committed a civil wrong and broken the contract. Contact law in India is based on the English common law of England. Tort Law is applied when there is personal injury or negligence such as trespass. The laws of torts in India in ancient times were the Muslim Sharia laws and the Hindu laws which had a very restricted expansion of the idea of torts. When the British established courts in India which were run as per the English laws, Torts were introduced to the Indian judicial system. Family law is concerned with divorce, inheritance, adoption, marriage annulment, birth certificate, and child custody matters. Since India has a diverse population where different religions are followed, India’s family laws are based on different religions. The Hindus follow the Hindu Marriage act of 1955, the Muslims follow the
Muslim Personal Law Application Act 1936, Christians follow the Indian Christian marriage act of 1936 and the Special Marriage Act 1954 applies to all persons regardless of their religion, the caste of community.

Law is always been dynamic and the crux of the law is that it offers justice to people regardless of his wealth, gender, community, and color is equal in the eyes of law. Law in India is a fairly complex conception of rules. India has grown its roots into the judicial system the British left behind. India did although have the existence of various law systems before which was very restricted. With the introduction of English law systems and the introduction of torts in the Indian judicial system gave the people more chances for aggrieved parties to come to court.