CHENNAI: As per a notification issued by the University grants commission,Anna University and 10 other institutions in have been allowed to offer fullfledged online degree programmes. Students will get a chance to enrol in nearly 80 online courses, including MCA,MBA, BBA, BCom, BCA, MA and MSc, from July this year.

 

Thirty-eight institutes from across the country, including Bharathidasan University, Alagappa University and Madurai Kamaraj University, now don’t require

UGC’s prior approval to start these programmes. At least six deemed universities in TN that are within the top 100 in NIRF ranking have also been allowed to offer these programmes. The institutions are gearing up with facilities such as studios and are hiring experts to prepare content for these online programmes.

BCA to MBA: Many online options on offer

 

S RM Institute of Science and Technology had applied for eight online degree programmes including BBA in digital marketing, MBA in business analytics, and MBA in marketing management. We launched an MBA online programme in February as we got the approval in January. The remaining programmes will be launched in July,” said Manoranjan Pon Ram, director, online education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology .From 2020 we started building technology infrastructure like hi-tech lab and academic preparation. The institute also prepared the SRM Online Learning Platform which can provide complete learning for students,” he said. Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science (HITS) has started the Centre for Open and Digital Education to start online degree programmes from 2021-22. “We have been preparing for the last one year and hiring experts to offer online degree programmes. We will include as many programmes as possible focusing on working professionals and homemakers,” said RW Alexander Jesudasan, pro-vice-chancellor, HITS. Sastra has got the permission to offer eight online degree programmes and started online degrees like BCom and BCA. “Our online degree programmes are AAA focusing on the demands of diverse working professionals,” said , vice-chancellor of Sastra.

By ;G Gnana Priya dharshini

Sir Thomas Malory (c. 1415 – 14 March 1471) become an English writer, the writer or compiler of Le Morte d’Arthur, the conventional English-language chronicle of the Arthurian legend, posted through William Caxton in 1485. Malory’s identification has by no means been confirmed, however the likeliest candidate is Sir Thomas Malory of Newbold Revel in Warwickshire. He become as knight, politician, and a writer. Much of his existence records is obscure, however Caxton classifies him as a ‘knight prisoner’, reputedly reflecting a crook career, for which there’s adequate evidence, though he become additionally a prisoner-of-war all through the Wars of the Roses, wherein he supported both sides different times.

Idylls of the King, published among 1859 andd 1885, could be a cycle of twelve narrative poems via means of means of the English poet Alfred, Lord Alfred Tennyson (1809–1892; Poet Laureate from 1850) that retells the legend of King Arthur, his knights, his love for Guenevere and her tragic betrayal of him, and therefore the rise and fall of Arthur’s kingdom. The Idylls are written in clean verse. Tennyson’s descriptions of nature are derived from observations of his terribly own surroundings, gathered over the direction of the many years. The dramatic narratives aren’t an epic each in form or tone, but derive elegiac unhappiness withinside the style of the idylls of Theocritus. Idylls of the King is frequently study as AN allegory of the social group conflicts in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland at some purpose of the mid-Victorian era. Alfred Tennyson altogether, totally his retelling primarily on Sir Thomas Malory’ LE Morte d’Arthur and therefore the Mabinogion.

1. Tennyson amended the traditional spellings of several names to fit the metre but Malory did not use traditional spellings in his prose.
2. In Malory’s version, Arthur is accompanied by two friends, Lucan and Bedivere, while Tennyson mentions only Bedivere.
3. In Malory’s work Le Morte d’Arthur, Guinevere is sentenced to be burnt at the stake but is rescued by Lancelot, But In the Idylls of King, Guinevere flees to a convent, is forgiven by Arthur, repents, and serves in the convent until she dies.
4.  Both authors recount the dream that Arthur sees shortly before his final clash with the enemy. However, according to Malory, the prediction that the king hears is not fixed. He should avoid fighting Mordred in order to live. Tennyson, on the other hand, makes the prediction of the dream final. Arthur will surely die.
5. Malory prefaces the final battle with the scene of peace negotiations, Launcelot’s kinsmen requests the peace negotiations to king Arthur but Gawain rejects it which upsets Launcelot. But there is no such scene is found in Tennyson’s work Idylls of the King.
6. In Le Morte d’Arthur, King Arthur was warned to not fight until Launcelot could rejoin Arthur, but in the fatal truce ceremony, a snake accidentally crosses a knight’s foot. Instinctively, he draws his sword to kill the snake, but this is misread as a sign of aggression and a betrayal of the peace terms. War breaks out at this point. This seemingly meaningless accident leads to the brutal battle that leaves only a handful of Camelot’s knights standing. Tennyson does not introduce this incident in his portrayal of the battle.
7. In Le Morte d’Arthur, Arthur kills Mordred but is fatally wounded by him and dies, as Merlin has prophesied. But in Idylls of the King Arthur kills Mordred, but he is left ‘all but slain himself’ in line 169. So, the ending is doubt full.
8. In Le Morte d’Arthur, Launcelot dies of illness. But in Idylls of the King Launcelot’s ending was not given. The poem ended as if Launcelot had disappeared.

water  is one of the most important substance on earth.All plants and animal must have water to survive .If there was no water there would be no life on earth  Apart from drinkiing it to survive ,people have many other uses of water

water delivers important nutrients to all of our cells,especially muscle cells ,postponing muscle fatigue .water helps weight loss .watee helps you feel full longer without adding additional calories

 

water is important to our everyday life and key to iur survival water plays many important roles to the body .requlating body temperature ,transpoting nutrients ,
Continue reading “Water” →

The significance of myth is immeasurable—in literature, philosophy, records and lots of different components of human life. They were a massive a part of oral, written, and visible tale telling for actually hundreds of years; in fact, they were part of mankind’s whole records. Humans have constantly used myths to provide an explanation for herbal phenomena and life’s mysteries; for instance, Greek and Roman mythology served as each technology and faith in each cultures for centuries. To nowadays myths have a totally big and applicable region in cultural research and scholarship, and are represented throughout research in literature, faith, philosophy, and lots of different disciplines. Part of the appeal of myths is that the precise technique and cause in their improvement is unclear. For instance, a few pupils trust that myths are misguided debts of actual ancient events, even as others argue that the gods and goddesses have been personifications of items and matters in nature that historical guys worshiped.

This poem the Coromandel fishers become written via way of means of Sarojini Naidu. She become a freedom fighter, and accompanied Mahatma Gandhi. Later she went directly to turn out to be the primary female president of the Indian National Congress. The poetess Sarojini Naidu become a prominent poet, famend freedom fighter and one of the best creators of her time. In the poem ‘The Coromandel Fishers’, she addresses the fishermen as brothers. She considers herself one among them. The poem is a call to the fishermen to collect their nets and set to stated to trap fish. Addressing them as their comrade, she calls them to enroll in her at the fishing expedition. She expresses her problem for them and asks them to upward push and at the spoil of sunrise to trap the jumping wealth of the tide. This facilitates in constructing a rapport with the fishermen. She considers them as her very own kith and kin. The poetess Sarojini Naidu possesses a pointy aesthetic sensibility and is an admirer of the various shades of nature. She has fantastically stated that the fishermen set out for the ocean at sunrise whilst the wind is still sound asleep as quietly as a infant that sleeps after crying the whole night. Everything round is quiet and calm.

This is an suitable time for the fishermen to set out their fishing task for the ocean amassing their nets and putting their catamarans unfastened and he or she additionally says the fishermen to now no longer be afraid because the God, who controls the Strom will defend them. The poetess calls all poets to head on a fishing excursion on the time of dawn and go back secure and sound through dusk. The fishermen who name themselves because the kings of the ocean love the beauty of the coconut glade, the heady fragrance of the mango grove, the golden sand on a complete moon night time and the voices of the birds on the destroy of day and the sound of the waves. But past these kind of they find the kiss of the spray and dance of untamed foam in pleasure some distance sweeter.

This poem, Coromandel Fishers, seems to be describing thefishermen and their day by day habitual however while study deeply understanding who Sarojini Naidu turned into (freedom fighter) and focusing on the socio-political fame of the time the poem turned into written, you may understand that it’s miles a name to rouse the human beings of India to come, combat for the liberty in their kingdom from the Britishers.

The word ‘essay’ is derived from a Latin word ‘exagium’, which roughly interprets to offering one’s case? So essays are a quick piece of writing epresenting one’s facet of the argument or one’s rexperiences, stories, etc. Essays are very personalized. An essay is commonly a quick piece of writing outlining the author’s attitude or tale. It is regularly considered synonymous with a tale or a paper or an article. Essay may be formal as properly as casual.Formal essays are commonly instructional in nature and address critical topics, at the same time as casual essays are greater private and regularly have funny elements.Format of Essay incorporates Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. The sort of essay will depend upon what the author wants to bring to his reader. There are extensively 4 kinds of essays. They are,Narrative Essay,Descriptive Essay,Expository Essay,Persuasive Essay. An best essay has 300 – 500 words.

The writer could choose peace and non – violence. He is at a loss for words and couldn’t apprehend why others aren’t following Gandhi’s advice, even as on this estimate he’s positive that the historical Indian know-how is correct. Contrastively the present day technology takes it to something is western and elegant and are neglecting too much. Like different Indians, he too has to enhance his English language so he reads “Times of India” newspaper daily. The scholar hobby and petty agitations make him experience sickening line Antony’s enchantment to the Roman mob, he’s going to name upon the guy residents to think about the beyond masters. Still the effective factors like regeneration, remuneration and birth control might be concept of as a manner out of the prevailing muddle. One can truely desire for the higher destiny however ought to be patient. In order to break out from that that’s disgusting, he desires to have a cup of lassi that’s superb for digestion. It may be taken as equal to the western wine if simplest a touch salt is delivered to make it a adorable drink. The poet confesses that he’s the whole abstainer from beverages or is a complete teetotaler and tells us that wine is taken with the aid of using addicts to gunch themselves. The poet attempts to get hold of the antique Gandhian days. The gift situations all around the global talk of a horrific fashion that deliver an area to the manufacturing of risky guns and attempt to be advanced to others. The poet asks what we think about potentialities of globalwide peace and wonders whether or not the arena is actually in peace because the nations of the arena regularly tie with every different in maintaining themselves beforehand of others on this mad aggressive global. This retrace regularly ends in conflicts ensuing in lack of valuable human lives. If simplest one considers the opposite because the brother and tolerate one another, the fashion might be changed. India is a land wherein the precept of ‘harmony in Diversity’ is practiced. Here many groups stay collectively despite the fact that there are a few problems. This best scenario wherein one Co-exists with the opposite is defined as Ram Rajya with the aid of using the poet and is positive that Ram Rajya could come. He offers the hand of friendliness to the tourist and expects him to return back again. The poet is positive while he says that he enjoys each second of precise company. So, he ends the poem with the aid of using announcing that he does now no longer experience the need of celebrating ceremonies.

Frail, Rosy, confinements… Somehow these words have become synonymous with women. What if I tell you that it’s merely a mindset or perspective, Will you agree with me ?

Have you ever wondered why great legend like Wordsworth wanted the reaper to be a women instead of a men in his poem ‘The Solitary Reaper’ ?

The question that pierced me most was, Don’t guys or the so called menfolk like and use pink, don’t they cry, mourn,… if so then why not ? Why is a girl indicated by pink and not any other color she likes ? Why does jungle have a king Lion but not a Queen lioness ??

I heard my grandmother saying to my 5 year old cousin brother that neither can he get a pink bicycle nor can he cry when he gets hurt just because he is a boy… How can emotions and fondness differ based on gender ??

Crying does not mean you’re feminine, frail and Not crying does not mean you’re manly. Charlotte Bronte beautifully quotes about this, “Crying does not indicate that you are weak. Since birth it has always been a sign that you are alive”.

Let’s understand that real men or women are the ones that treat everyone equally without any gender bias, it does not depend upon the color they favor and the emotions they use.

 

“ This is not men vs. women issue. It’s about people vs. prejudice ”.

 

 

 

Elon musk was called as Elon Reeve Musk was born on June 28, 1971 is to a Canadian mother and South African father and raised in Pretoria, South Africa. Elon is father and mother had a problem between them always so they have been separated and Elon stayed with his father. Elon and his father did not have a good relationship between them what Elson is doing is not liked by his father and what his father is doing is not liked by Elson. In that time he was totally alone that time he was reading the books even now to he used to read books before sleeping. He was reading books through that he got intrest of going to the moon. In that time only the first man Neil Armstrong landed in moon. So the passion that we must send people out of this earth grew more and more. Elson started reading many books at the same time his intrest grew on computer he studied that also. He himself created a video game and got more money from selling the video game. As his father and mother are separated he didn’t mingle with anyone in class he was a lonely student so all were making fun of him one fine day Elon was pushed by other students from the stairs he was taken to hospital. Elon was not happy in home and school somehow he managed and finished his schooling and he finished his college and wants to finish his PhD but within two days he left the college. He wants to gain more money so to achieve his dream so he started a company that is like a map route it was helpful for other companies for the door delivering so they came towards his company he sold that company either than that he cannot do anything. He started another company as money transaction it is called as Paypal then E bay tried to buy this but others those who invest in Paypal was worrying Elon that we can give our company to him but Elon didn’t want to happen he had some files of Paypal they thought that e will speak about that or will do something with that but he was so quite. As other investors tried to sell they sold but Elon got more amounts because he had some files of Paypal. Then he told this plan NASA told that it will take about some million amount to make a rocket then he studied if we buy only it will take so much if we do it will not like that only space x company was stared then he collected some members with their help he sent 3 rockets but the three did not go out of the earth first rocket burst, second came back in a short distance and third rocket went came and fell into the sea. In the other side he was making electric cars Tesla and solar energy he was working on it on other side. Then one day NASA asked help from Elon then he sent a rocket without any issue it went to eclipse. Then without any stop they continued it at that time Elon found that rocket is going in a waste so he thought after the purpose is over it must come back to the world. Then he read many books succeeded in that also. He is becoming a successful through this he is not wasting any money. Elon musk had many problems in his life but he did not get up of his dream he worked for it and succeeded in all his dream.

“3 ADVANTAGES OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR HEALTH”

Everyone is busy in their lives and dealing with lots of stress and tension. In the busy time span, one has to keep a balance between work and recreational activities. Recreational activities enable the human body to utilize the mind and body in a positive and healthy way to keep the body active and engaged. Indeed, most of us forgotten about the fruitfulness of recreational activities.

Recreational activities empower people to utilize leisure time effectively. People can play indoor games, indulge in gossips with friends, walk in the playgrounds or walking areas, go to the gym, play with children, play with pets, listen to music, go on a date with bae or can organize a get together with friends. Hence, these recreational activities keep the body healthy and engaged. Here are some recreational activities to go for.

STRENGTHEN THE BOND WITH FAMILY
Spending time with family is the best way to get rid of the stress of the daily routine. People do not consider spending time with family members but it is not a good approach. Spending quality time with family members keeps the mind and body healthy and fresh. One can do many activities with their family member to avoid the stress and exertion of the whole day. Many indoor and outdoor activities can be performed. In the indoor activity, an amazing movie can be watched together. In outdoor activity badminton or volleyball can be played with family members.

FUN TIMES WITH FRIENDS
Life is incomplete without good friends. Bond of friends should be retained throughout life to make life happier. But in normal days of life, due to the busy schedule, we are unable to communicate with our friends frequently. So, meetings and kitty parties should be arranged to keep in touch with friends. Communication with friends at regular intervals assists the people to share their problems and get relaxed by avoiding stress. Therefore, gossiping with friends is a good recreational activity to maintain the best relationship with friends.

INCORPORATE HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Physical fitness is important to live a happier and healthier life. So, the involvement of the body in recreational activities like yoga, walk, and aerobics is compulsory. Physical activities control the heart rate of the body and prevent the body from various diseases so one will be able to live happily.

Positive mind incorporates the happiness in life. A healthy mind will stay away from the stress and anxiety through the incorporation of the recreational activities in daily routine. Plus, one will be able to stay focused on their work just because of the recreational activities. Even, it builds confidence in one’s personality to a large extent. Hence, people will be able to adopt a healthy lifestyle.

Success in life is the dream of every individual. But due to continuous and hectic working schedule in daily routine without the incorporation of the recreational activities make the life robotic. So, to achieve the level of success in life, one has to plan recreational activities in daily routine. Henceforth, standards of life should be maintained to live healthier, happier, and stronger.

– JERISHA. S

A cancer diagnosis can have a substantial impact on mental health and wellbeing. Depression and anxiety may hinder cancer treatment and recovery, as well as quality of life and survival. We argue that more research is needed to prevent and treat co-morbid depression and anxiety among people with cancer and that it requires greater clinical priority. For background and to support our argument, we synthesise existing systematic reviews relating to cancer and common mental disorders, focusing on depression and anxiety.

We searched several electronic databases for relevant reviews on cancer, depression and anxiety from 2012 to 2019. Several areas are covered: factors that may contribute to the development of common mental disorders among people with cancer; the prevalence of depression and anxiety; and potential care and treatment options. We also make several recommendations for future research. Numerous individual, psychological, social and contextual factors potentially contribute to the development of depression and anxiety among people with cancer, as well as characteristics related to the cancer and treatment received. Compared to the general population, the prevalence of depression and anxiety is often found to be higher among people with cancer, but estimates vary due to several factors, such as the treatment setting, type of cancer and time since diagnosis. Overall, there are a lack of high-quality studies into the mental health of people with cancer following treatment and among long-term survivors, particularly for the less prevalent cancer types and younger people. Studies that focus on prevention are minimal and research covering low- and middle-income populations is limited.

Freedom fighters were people who sacrificed their lives selflessly for the freedom of their country. Every country has its fair share of  freedom fighters.People look up to them in terms of patriotism and love for one’s country. They are considered the epitome of patriotic people.

Freedom fighters made sacrifices which one cannot even imagine of doing for their loved ones, leave alone the country. The amount of pain, hardships, and opposite they have endured cannot be put into words. The generations after them will always be indebted to them for their selfless sacrifices and hard work.

One cannot emphasize enough on the importance of freedom fighters. After all, they are the ones because of whom we celebrate Independence Day. No matter how small a role they played, they are very much significant today as they were in those times. Moreover, they revolted against the colonizers so as to stand up for the country and its people.

Furthermore, most of the freedom fighters even went to war to safeguard the freedom of their people. It did not matter that they had no training; they did it for the pure intention of making their country free. Most of the freedom fighters sacrificed their lives in the war for independence.

Most importantly, freedom fighters inspired and motivated others to fight injustice. They are the pillars behind the freedom movement. They made people aware of their rights and their power. It is all because of the freedom fighters that we prospered into a free country free from any kind of colonizers or injustice.

Nature writing is nonfiction or fiction prose or poetry about the natural environment. Nature writing encompasses a wide variety of works, ranging from those that place primary emphasis on natural history facts (such as field guides) to those in which philosophical interpretation predominate. It includes natural history essays, poetry, essays of solitude or escape, as well as travel and adventure writing.
Nature writing often draws heavily on scientific information and facts about the natural world; at the same time, it is frequently written in the first person and incorporates personal observations of and philosophical reflections upon nature.
Modern nature writing traces its roots to the works of natural history that were popular in the second half of the 18th century and throughout the 19th. An important early figures was the “parson-naturalist” Gilbert White (1720 – 1793),[2] a pioneering English naturalist and ornithologist. He is best known for his Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne (1789).
William Bartram (1739 – 1823) is a significant early American pioneer naturalist who first work was published in 1791.
Nature” is an essay written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and published by James Munroe and Company in 1836. In this essay Emerson put forth the foundation of transcendentalism, a belief system that espouses a non-traditional appreciation of nature.
Different types of nature writing books can include: factual books such as field guides, natural history told through essays, poetry about the natural world, literary memoir and personal reflections. Typically, nature writing is writing about the natural environment. It allows for reflection, guided thoughts, metaphors and a glimpse into the mind of another. Nature writing and nature writing reading help us to see things with new, focused, eyes. For the writer, nature can provide a muse. To write it, nature writing begs us to pause, to think, to notice and to attune our senses.

“CAUSES, TYPES, AND SYMPTOMS OF AN EATING DISORDER”

An eating disorder is directly associated with the eating habits of an individual. Due to the disturbance in eating habits, one can have a negative impact on health. Eating habits not only affect health but also affects all functions of the body to work properly. Even it affects the emotions of an individual. Eating disorders may affect the digestive system, bones, or may cause other diseases in the body.

Most of the time eating disorders will occur when one is starting a diet to lose weight or gain weight. Consequently, it will lead to a dangerous eating habit which in result causes an eating disorder. Eating disorders mostly develop in teens and youngsters. The eating disorder occurs due to a number of reasons. It also has some types and symptoms that will also be highlighted here.

TYPES
The most common types of eating disorders are Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. People who come in the category of Anorexia nervosa have fear to gain weight. Therefore, they avoid consuming an adequate amount of food. They always perceive that they are overweight but in the actual condition, they are underweight. So Anorexia causes weakness, infertility, heart rate problems or brain damage.

People who are suffering from Bulimia nervosa eating disorder may also assume that they are overweight. They involve their bodies in excessive exercise and the use of laxatives. They use laxatives medicines excessively because they remain unhappy with their body size and shape. As a result, they have to face the problem of dehydration.

It is observed that individuals who are suffering from Binge eating disorder may lose control over their eating habits. They have an intense feeling of distress and guilt. It may occur due to a heartbreak or nervous breakdown. Also, they do not follow the regular patterns of exercises from their daily routine habit.

CAUSES
Normally emotional people and people with sensitive digestive systems suffer from an eating disorder. It is because they have psychological problems. People with a lack of confidence and low self-esteem suffer from an eating disorder. Depressed and people who are facing problems in managing their relationships are also victims of an eating disorder.

The disorder is also a genetic issue that will transfer from generation to generation. Furthermore, people who remain in tension, stress, and depression may also face an eating disorder.

SYMPTOMS
Several symptoms have been observed in people who are suffering from eating disorders. Weight fluctuations in the body occur on a large scale. Further, people remain underweight due to the habit of vomiting after every meal. People suffering from eating disorders, preferably avoid having friends to socialize, avoid get-togethers and family functions.

An eating disorder should be not neglected as it has a disastrous impact on the overall health of the human body. If a person you are close to shows such symptoms of the eating disorder, then the person must be advised to visit the doctor for the proper medication because it is not curable at home. Medical help in this matter enables the individual to move on from his current depressed state of mind with proper medication and treatment.

– JERISHA.S

“SALE OF ADULTERATED MILK CAUSING HEALTH ISSUES”

 

Only 10 percent of people are provided with pure natural milk and other 90 percent of people’s inability to have fresh and unadulterated milk is the reason that leads to many health issues. The unchecked sale of adulterated milk is causing serious health problems to the masses.

 

 

 

Milk is one of the most important natural food consumed by humans. It contains vitamins, enzymes, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Milk is an ideal food for people of all ages. It strengthens the bones, teeth, muscles. Moreover, it lowers the risk of heart diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. All these milk benefits can be obtained by consuming pure milk. Unfortunately, more than 50 percent of milk dealers and more than 80 percent of companies are selling unhealthy milk and dairy products.

 

The main reasons behind the delivery of contaminated milk are that it is stored in barrels that are used to transport chemicals. Preservatives and chemicals are added to keep it good for a longer period. Contaminated water is added to increase the milk quantity. Adulterants like urea, formalin, detergents, ammonium sulphate, acids, hydrogen peroxide, sugars, and melamine are added to the milk that has some serious adverse health effects.

 

Recently, the Punjab Health Authority tested around 52 samples of milk collected from all parts of the province and only 27 of them were good enough to be consumed. In KPK, the situation was even deplorable and the majority of the consumption was of unhealthy milk. According to another survey, 12 most famous packaged milk brands were involved in adulteration of milk. The official report stated that only two milk brands were found safe to be consumed out of 200 brands tested.

 

We buy packaged milk from shops by trusting the milk brands. Although its packaging is ISO certified and the color of milk looks pure, but the reality is that highly harmful chemicals are added to give its good natural look. Toddlers and kids are given such milk by their mothers which leads to many deadly diseases later in their life like hepatitis, bone diseases, skin problems, and prostate cancer.

 

 

 

It is nothing new to add water to pure milk to increase its quantity. In can be noticed by the lightness of milk, but the milk providers have now started to add new chemicals like soap, formalin, and washing powder and urea to make the milk thick again and therefore these adulteration goes unnoticed. The causes are diarrhea, typhoid, allergies, cancer, and brucellosis.

 

Milk is the most consumed natural product and it is used to make many other dairy products. Therefore, contaminated milk will only make other contaminated dairy products. Companies and local milk dealers do all these criminal activities to make more profit from selling less pure milk. Poverty stricken society of Pakistan have no other option but to continue buying them. Food authorities are least concerned with these criminal activities done by milk sellers and famous companies. The government needs to devise a plan to crack down on the unchecked sale of adulterated milk, bring all these companies and milk sellers under the law and heavily fine them for noncompliance.

 

 

– MEREZJA F

“HEPATITIS A, B AND C CAUSE, SYMPTOMS AND, TREATMENT”

 

The liver is the largest organ of the body. It serves many functions such as detoxification and metabolism of many drugs and chemicals. The liver’s main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract before it circulates throughout the body.

 

 

 

The liver produces bile, which helps to digest and break down fats, cholesterol, and vitamins. The liver has certain cells called the Kupffer cells that are involved in the destruction of disease-causing agents to help the immune system that might enter the gut through the liver.

 

Inflammation of the liver, a condition known as hepatitis occurs due to certain viruses, drugs or alcohol abuse and due to autoimmune diseases.

 

In Pakistan, there are about 15 million cases of hepatitis, which makes the country have the highest number of cases in the world. The disease does not occur and disappear, but it may last and cause several complications. It can be proven fatal if not treated.

 

HEPATITIS A:

Hepatitis A is caused by the Hepatitis A Virus (HAV). The mode of transmission is through the fecal-oral route. It can also spread through direct and indirect contact with the infected person, close relation with the infected person or sexual relation with the infected person.

 

 

 

Ingesting the contaminated water and food can also be the reason for hepatitis. Initially in the infection viremia occurs, but the bloodborne transmission of HAV is uncommon.

 

The symptoms in all types of hepatitis are the same that include jaundice, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine and diarrhea which is specific to Hepatitis A.

 

Children of less than 6 years of age and older adults are more prone to it. It usually does not cause any chronic complications after acute infection. There is no specific treatment. Vaccination is available and effective under the age of one.

 

HEPATITIS B:

Hepatitis B is caused by the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Percutaneous or exposed skin if you get in contact with infectious blood, semen, and other body fluids can cause HBV.

 

It is transferred from one infected person to another through sexual contact when an infected mother gives birth and by sharing needles and drug equipment. HBV is less likely to occur through organ transplants and or using other personal equipment like razors, toothbrushes or contact with open sores of an infected person.

 

The symptoms are the same as HAV excluding diarrhea. A few percentages of the people get a chronic infection following HBV like cirrhosis or liver failure. The only treatment is to get vaccinated and take preventive measures.

 

HEPATITIS C:

Hepatitis C is caused by the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). The mode of transmission is through direct or indirect contact. Sexual contact with an infected person, exposure to body fluids transfer the disease in a healthy person.

 

The indirect mode of transfer is through infected needles and surgical instruments. The signs and symptoms are fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, and related pains and complications. The treatment of acute HCV is considered, but there is no vaccine for it.

 

– MEREZJA F

 Do you often catch yourself redesigning the clothes you see in markets? Does your world revolve around fashion? Do you often check out fashion bloggers on social media and wonder about the efforts that go into it? Well, you are at the right place, because today, we are going to decipher the whole journey of fashion designing from A to Z.

 Fashion Designing is the ‘art’ of applying designs, aesthetics, and creativity to clothing and accessories. We generally have this idea that fashion designing is only concerned with clothing but we need to understand that designing can be related to a variety of accessories like handbags, necklaces, shoes, etc.

The foremost qualities one needs, to take up any form of career are- Aspiration and inspiration. But in this segment, we aim at talking about the ‘skills’ which are needed to take up fashion designing as a career. The questions we face from most of the aspirants of this field vary from “Do we need to have a professional degree for taking up this career?” to “Do we need to be really good at drawing to master this course?”

These questions turn out to be very hypothetical and hence, have miscellaneous answers. Although we do not NEED a professional degree to enter the world of fashion designing, an associate’s or bachelor’s degree in fashion designing would be considered more in big institutions and jobs. You also do not purposefully need extreme drawing skills to be a designer as we have mentioned first hand that designing includes a wider range of accessories other than just clothing but this skill would also be appreciated when it comes to employment.

Any student who has passed their class 12th with any stream (Science/commerce/arts) can take up this course at the Under Graduate level and then apply for a master’s degree in the latter. The course fees lies from 7 lakhs rupees to 23 lakhs rupees in private colleges and 11 lakhs to 15 lakhs in public colleges.

The best colleges for the course are:

PRIVATE COLLEGES–

 Pearl Academy, Delhi

NIFT, Kolkata

Symbiosis Institute of Design, Pune

Pearl Academy, Jaipur

Amity School of Fashion Technology, Noida 

PUBLIC COLLEGES–

NIFT, Delhi

NIFT, Bangalore

NIFT, Chennai

NIFT, Patna

NIFT, Gandhinagar

 After getting into a good college, you are automatically offered various internships, jobs, and fashion shows to work in. If your work is good enough, you might be offered to work with fashion magazines and even be offered sponsorships. If you have great competency skills and a sense of responsibility, then these fashion shows are made for you because you get to face new challenges and challengers and open up to the world when you go for the latter. If the authority takes a glimpse of your great potential, they might also give you sponsorships for the expenses of your designing and become your mentors! Apart from this, Free-lancing is coming out as one the biggest employer of fashion designing aspirants and is totally based on your talent!

  Although, online courses don’t provide you with as much expertise as manual practice does, it seems to be a great introduction to the world of fashion designing since we are all stuck at home because of the pandemic! Some websites than provide you with good internships regarding this field are- Internshala, Handshake, Pearl Academy and a thousand more. You can look for various diplomas on their websites. It is also advised that once you get the chance, you should definitely try your hand at a face-to-face coaching because they give you a much better inspection of your practical work. Also, rejection and the struggle to overcome it is the key to success, remember it! Conclusion- In this modern world, where figures are valued more than the clothes that grip it, fashion designing seems to be losing its essence. But while fashion blogging has its significance, fashion designing is, and will always be the key behind it because fashion designers don’t only design clothes, THEY ALSO DESIGN DREAMS ALONG WITH IT !!

As humans, Physiological and Psychological well-being is essential for us to live a peaceful life. But do we all have peace in our lives today? The pandemic hited everyone’s life upside down. Until 2019,the world was moving very quick. No one had time to think. We had no break. Then the Covid-19 pandemic came. Situation changed. The doors of exploration were closed. We were in homes,locked. We understood that we need break. The impact created by this pandemic was huge. Every sector of the society got hit. Talking about students and education, college life is the turning point for many. Interactions with professors, students and the healthy and positive environment in college campus contribute more than anything in his student life. But now there is no in-person communication for students with teachers.

They discussions going among students in college are “Do we have any free hours today? Shall we go to canteen? Do we have any assignment submission? Today is the last day to lend books to library?”. There would be so much interest towards education if they were in college. But now,”Am I audible?Is my screen visible? Switch on your cameras” these are the discussions going on. What made it so different? There occured a change. Change is a part of human life. It may happen within a body or can come from external environment. It can be either positive or negative. The thing matters is,how humans react to it? It’s normal for a person to worry. But it won’t help us now. But it can be changed by our thoughts.

Any life is life of change

-Kathleen Smith,2021

There occurs changes in nature. Species adapt to changes. It is called Evolution. As well,humans have the capability to adapt to changes. It is an emotional reaction;difficult to compare from a person to another. The point is how persistent you are to adapt to this change.

What should we do now?

1) Understand:

Normally our brain works in system 1 thinking which gives controlled emotions. But there is also another kind called System 2 thinking where we don’t think much before acting. Today we should understand the situation and act rightly. We should not leave stress to take over us.

2) Resilience:

It is the ability to cope with change and work to start a new beginning. People with resilience have higher tolerance. Resilience helps us to be positive even at these difficult times. It helps us to stay focussed and work on our objectives. It helps us to improve self-esteem. We should work to build up resilience.

3)Acceptance:

Changes are outside individual’s control. Just focus on things within your control. Use time in a positive way. Take actions that help us to improve in life. Take inspiration from the past. This situation will end. We need to accept that and believe.

4)Reach out:

Connect with family and friends via phone,video chats,etc. Technology is here to help us. We have to come out of the shell,open our minds and discuss about the concerns we have. We have to avoid negative discussions and messages and use social media and networks to learn and improve.

5)Self care:

Our body is interesting.We have to keep it good by doing exercise daily. It’s a relaxation technique. We should have enough sleep to keep our brain healthy. We have to rediscover our hobbies that have a positive impact on our Psychological well-being. We have to stay motivated with persistence and endurance.

Good vibes:

• Family time
• Rediscovering hobbies
• Learning
• Pollution levels down
• Less accidents
• Personal hygeine
• Restructuring life
• Wildlife is thriving
• Technological advancements in health-care sector.

We have all these positives to think about. We are at the verge of ending the pandemic. Be ready for a new beginning.

The only thing that remains constant is the change.

-Abraham Loeb

The practice of depending up on entrance exams to give entry of students to collages has been lingering in our society for a long period. Nobody has really cared of the usefulness of these exams in deciding the potential of students. Authorities consider the exams to be the easiest way to select students to collages without giving importance to other factors involved. Any kind of discriminations faced by students is totally neglected. Is this the right practice to decide which student goes into which collage. It is high time that we spent time in considering these factors and implement alternative practices in selection of students.

The use entrance exams in selecting students to universities had occurred many years ago. But extensive use of such exams has happened in recent years. Earlier students were allotted collage based on their academic performance. The number of applicants were also less, hence the selection based on academic performances were easier. But now the applicant number has increased and sorting based on academic performance is too difficult. Here entrance exams play the major role by cutting out proportion of applicants who do not score the required marks. Selection from those remaining candidates becomes really easy for the selectors.

But can these exams really measure the knowledge of the students appearing for it. The exams occur for a particular time with particular number of questions. Usually objective type questions are given during entrance exams. Students are required to complete the question within the specified time. Usually students only get a minute spent on one question. So it totally depends on the responsiveness of those appearing rather than their knowledge. Not just that, the day of examination plays a major role. If one is going through a rough day and he finds it really difficult to concentrate during exam time, the chance of getting in to his choice of school is completely lost there. He must probably wait another year to appear for the exam once again. All the work that he put for training just goes in vain without any result. Usually students spent years preparing for these exams, and that just one day decide their future. And a lot pressure also builds upon these students at their beautiful time of life. Not just students , but parents too have to go through a lot of pressure. Its like mere mugging up can land you in a good collage.

These has lead to a bad practice in the society . Entrance exam coaching institutes have become very common nowadays. The only confusion for parents is to where they should sent their children. Parents never hesitate to pay coaching institute huge amount of money since they just want their children to end up in a good collage. The competition has also risen very high. But those students who are not rich enough faces discrimination here. They don’t find themselves in good collages since they lack the money. The practice indulging coaching institutions has even violated the purpose of entrance exams. They just train their students mere questions and answers which greatly damages the learning potentials of students. It is high time that we recognize these problems.

As human beings, our minds are continuously thinking, and we face various ideas, observations, and experiences during the day. However, all these ideas, information, and observation make sense only if we can analyze, evaluate and reflect upon them and conclude using our thinking skills. This is possible only if we use critical thinking skills rather than ordinary thinking skills.

Analytical thinking, or “the ability to analyze,” is an important component of critical thinking. Critical thinking does not take things at face value. There is a difference between appearance and reality, and one can easily detect the difference.

How to improve critical thinking skills?

>Don’t overcomplicate things.
>Know what you want..
>Keep thinking about improvement
>Analyze the mistakes and failure.
>Thinking out of the box.
>Come up with new ideas.
>Accept the fact that your are not always right.

Maroju Sanjana

📌Success has different meaning to different people.Success doesn’t mean fame , power , money , status , etc.
📌success means accomplishment of task or achieving aim.
📌For some people , success comes from failure.
📌Successful people don’t give up on their dreams.Even after failing , they even give last shot to it because road to success is combination of failures and hardships.
📌We should not fear anything, but we worry about everything and the day you stop worrying in good times, the paddle will get your behind and as great as things are in life.
📌you will achieve your dreams and it will come true, finally your hard work and persistence pays.

“There is enough for everyone’s need but there’s nothing for anyone’s greed.”

Human greed has taken us towards the nuclear catastrophe. A day is not far when the humanity’s bitterest enemy would be human themselves.

In this situation there is a need of ideology and nothing better than the words of one of the greatest leader Mahatma Gandhi could help us to make our world a better place to live in by being satisfied with what we have and curtail the excessive demand we make to make our lives luxurious.

Therefore, we should always try to be content and satisfied with what we have and cherish it.

Khushi Agarwal

The value of the family has been deeply imagined in the Indian society over the ages. However like everything, this too has been corrupted by the evil influence of western society. The present generation aping the west is becoming highly materialistic and this is leading to the break – up of the joint family system. Further with the exponential growth in the population, people were compelled to migrate to another cities and towns ins search for livelihood.

Notwithstanding the above, the break-up of the joint family system, has taken away the umbrella of security and protection from the individual. Thus, one can no longer seek protection, advice, or support from elders, in times of crisis. Further the emotional bonds of the family have also been weakened by distance and time.

However, we must always try to preserve the rich family values, and strengthen the kinship bonds, by greater interaction, by showing respect to elders, and love to family members. It is for these family values that differentiate us from others in the universe.

Khushi Agarwal

Godrej is an old Indian multinational conglomerate company founded by Ardeshir Godrej and Pirojsha Burjorji Godrej in 1897. It is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Godrej Group has been in industry for almost 123 years serving more than 1.1 billion customers. It operates on various sectors and providing various services across the globe. Godrej Group has its subsidiaries and affiliated companies which include Godrej & Boyce, Godrej industries, Godrej Agrovet, Godrej Properties, Godrej Infotech, Godrej Koerber and Godrej Consumer Products.

GOALS

• Providing employment- Godrej Group Limited has partnered with government and NGOs to provide many job related training programmes focussing on skill development and empowerment.
• A step to a Greener India- Their manufacturing plants concentrate on productivity and environmental sustainability. The also focus on the water, energy and waste management in their factories.
• Good/Green product- The company produces a good and green product by way of catering the needs of the customers down the pyramid and is also less harmful to the environment.

STORY OF GODREJ

After much of failures in business, Ardeshir Godrej sets up a lock company in 1897 which opened his locked door to success. In 1918, their company launched the world’s first vegetable oil soap without animal fat and then ventured into manufacturing steel cupboards. In 1943, the then Government of Bombay auctioned Vikhroli village Pirojsha Godrej which was transformed into a beautiful, industrial township supported by lots of greenery. In 1944, the group produced the safest safes. It was the pride of Godrej Group to manufacture 1.7 million Ballot boxes for India’s first elections after becoming a democratic country. Cinthol No.1, a soap which was released by Godrej became the second largest soap player in India. Refrigerators, hair dyes were also new categories in which they ventured. In 1990, Godrej Properties was established dealing with real estates in India. Godrej Agrovet was established in 1991 to address the agricultural crises in India. Godrej Group built the revolutionary lock: the Mechatronic Door Lock Key, and the Unique Dual Access Control Padlock in 2007. It also provided engineering expertise to India’s mission to the moon in 2008. Godrej India Cultural Lab was set up in 2011. It also built the Calandria for a 700MW nuclear power reactor for the Nuclear Power Corporation of India within a record time of 30 months in 2013. Godrej partnered with the Indian Space Research Organisation on India’s first mission to Mars. Godrej Aerospace engine powered the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and their precision components calculated the satellite’s trajectory to the millisecond. Godrej One was created in 2015 by Godrej Properties and Pelli Clarke Pelli, which headquartered at Vikhroli in Mumbai. They also acquired a 51% stake in Krsnaa Mehta’s India Circus to put a 100% in redesigning India’s lifestyle(2016). In 2017, Godrej Agrovet was listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange. In 2019, the group made a big achievement by delivering the world’s tallest Continuous Catalytic Regeneration reactor of 95 meters, for Nigeria’s Dangote Oil Refinery. The Group partnered with the Ordnance Factory Chandrapur to develop the Pinaka rocket assembly line to enhance the production with high-quality and advanced-safety features.

As we can see, Godrej did not just grow from all out of a sudden but has been consistent and hard working and their goodwill is spread over a number of years.

Relevant links:https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/godrej-holding-company-hikes-stake-in-godrej-properties-agrovet-121063000007_1.html https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/icra-upgrades-godrej-consumers-longterm-rating/2110558

All systems and societies naturally Develop. In this age and day, DEVELOPMENT is moving at breakneck speeds, thanks to advancements in technology. The only problem is that not everyone considers the downsides that comes along with UNBALANCED ECONOMIC GROWTH including Impacts on people’s well being and ENVIRONMENT.

Thus, comes the CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT! It’s about time people start to change their perspective on UNBALANCED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT by viewing the world in a completely different way which would help people achieve the SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. Now, WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? Well, According to WIKIPEDIA, “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT is the organising principle for meeting human development goals while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the NATURAL RESOURCES and ECOSYSTEM SERVICES on which the ECONOMY and SOCIETY depends”. But, In simple terms, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT can be defined as “DEVELOPMENT that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. Sustainable development involves satisfying the needs of the present population without endangering the capability of the future population to satisfy it’s own needs. It’s about improving the well being of everyone wherever they are and achieving this milestone collectively! DEVELOPMENT also digs DEEPER. This means, We want COMPANIES to expand, everyone to afford NUTRITIOUS FOODS wherever they live, QUALITY and AFFORDABLE EDUCATION for everyone, and our ECONOMIES to grow EXPONENTIALLY. We want to develop INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES while keeping the ENVIRONMENT SAFE! Sustainable development is not about the ENVIRONMENT. It’s focus is much broader than that. It’s all about meeting the diverse needs of people in different communities, SOCIAL COHESION, creating EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES to ensure a STRONG and HEALTHY SOCIETY! It also focuses on finding better ways of doing things without affecting the quality of our life. Countries are now, recognizing the IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES, people are switching to cycling instead of driving that will improve their health! Farmers are practicing CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE and INDUSTRIES are realising as to how much they can save through ENERGY EFFICIENCY! Understanding SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT and it’s GOALS is the first step to learning what we can do to make it happen.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT has its roots in Ideas about”SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT” which were developed in EUROPE during the 17th and 18th century, while the MODERN CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT is derived from the 1987- BRUNDTLAND REPORT, and the 20th century ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS. In response to a growing awareness of the DEPLETION OF TIMBER RESOURCES in ENGLAND, JOHN EVELYN argued “sowing and planting of trees has to be regarded as a national duty of every landowner, in order to stop the ” DESTRUCTIVE OVER-EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES” in his essay “SYLVA”, 1662. Another Milestone was the 1968 article by GARRETT HARDIN that popularised the term ” TRAGEDY OF COMMONS”. He argued that if individuals act independently, Rationally and focused on pursuing their interests, they’d end up going against the COMMON INTERESTS of their COMMUNITIES and exhaust the planet’s NATURAL RESOURCES. In this way, human free access and unlimited Consumption of finite resources would extinguish these same resources! Hence, to his eyes, Mankind needed to radically change its way of using COMMON RESOURCES to avoid disaster in the future- this would be the way to keep on a SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT track. LIMITS TO GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 1972:. A few years after HARDIN’S ESSAY, CLUB OF ROME, in 1972 ran a computer simulation that aimed to predict the CONSEQUENCES of what could happen in a planet with limited resources. One of the first uses of the term SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT in Contemporary sense was by the “CLUB OF ROME” in 1972 in its classic report on “THE LIMITS TO GROWTH”. They argued that if the pattern of LIMITLESS GROWTH continued, then there would arise problems of SUSTAINABILITY. And the very same year, in 1972, THE FIRST UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT was held, also known as “Stockholm Conference”. As the World’s knowledge of global Politics evolved the first historical conferences were organized. It was the FIRST BIG WORLD LEADERS MEETING organized by the UNITED NATIONS to discuss the human impact on the Environment and how it was related to ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. AFTER THIS, many meetings in the international scenario were organized , be it:. 1979- WORLD FIRST CLIMATE CONFERENCE, another one being 1992- RIO DE JANEIRO EARTH SUMMIT in RIO, BRAZIL. So, we can say Concerns over ENVIRONMENT got much higher in 21st century.

Since the BRUNDTLAND REPORT, the CONCEPT of SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT has developed beyond the Framework to focus more on the GOAL OF “SOCIALLY INCLUSIVE and ENVIRONMENTALLY SOCIAL-ECONOMIC GROWTH!

Positivity-The source of cosmic energy transmission

Morale is a manifest source of primordial energy. Positivity is intimately involved with character formation. All the means of transmitting cosmic energy to us are positive in nature. Positive character is very necessary for our beautiful future. We sow the bricks of the ideal future by this positive way of thinking.

The possessor of power theory inculcates positive character. It’s a key to all kinds of feeling. If we have positive approach in life, we do not become sad in the same way we welcome our good with smile. Being happy and calm in every situation is constant in positivity.

Positivity gives indomitable courage not to break under any circumstances. We need to live a disciplined life in order to incorporate positive character into ourselves; we need to think good in our sorrow, we have to be tough in every adverse situation. Positivity is the only mean of survival in a good way.So; we should always think in a healthy way and move forward with a naturally positive character in ourselves.

Education is a constitutional right of every citizen that prepares an individual to play their role as a sophisticated member of society. The importance of Education can be implied by habituating the lack of its existence.

The importance of education and its significance can be understood through the life of an ignorant and illiterate person, who has never had the chance to visit the school and is experiencing the bane of illiteracy could value the answer to the question-‘ Why is Education an essential factor in our life?’ He/she knows the prominence and importance of Education and its changes in an individual’s life.

 

Education is a powerful weapon that aids an individual to face the adversities of life and overcome societal stigmas such as poverty, fear, status to achieve success. Education is the hope of development and success for most third-world countries and the world’s dominion countries. Mandatory education builds the scope of better growth and development.

Role of Education in India

Education has the potential to revolutionize the course of a nation – with skilled and educated youths. A nation comprises a higher rate to achieve its targeted economic growth and sit among the league known as the developed nation. A well-educated nation discards any obstacles that hinder its growth and strives hard to attain sustainable development.

Education in India refers to the process of learning, training, and teaching human capital in schools and universities. The Indian government reflects specific economic policies that emphasize the importance of education in India.

Birds are essential components of forest ecosystems. Small fruit-eating and insectivorous birds disseminate seeds and help regulate insect populations. Large predatory birds control small-mammal populations, and birds serve as food for other species, including humans. Some birds, such as woodpeckers, construct nest cavities that later serve as shelter for other animals. Scavenging birds help decompose animal and plant material on the forest floor. And, the beauty of bird song and flight provides incomparable aesthetic value.

 

Forest attributes of composition and structure are important to forest bird species to varying degrees and during different seasons. These attributes include: species of trees and understory vegetation, tree diameter, canopy and understory height and density, and abundance of standing dead trees and downed dead wood. The arrangement of forest and non-forest habitat on the landscape also plays an integral role in the ability of forests to meet bird life cycle needs.

All types of forests are important for birds, and each bird species is adapted to the forest in which it resides. Suitable bird habitat provides food, water, shelter, nest sites, song posts, and perching sites. Some species, such as mockingbirds and crows, are habitat generalists: they occupy a wide range of habitats and are not dependent on any one type. Others, such as the red-cockaded woodpecker and Kirtland’s warbler, are habitat specialists and require a specific habitat type or feature for all or a critical part of their life cycle. The red-cockaded woodpecker, for example, makes its nest only in living pine trees.

Forest breeding bird species diversity in the United States generally increases from southwest to northeast following gradients of moisture, topography, and vegetation. US oak-pine and oak-hickory forest types support around 150 to 200 species of breeding birds, while coniferous forests support about 150 species. Bird species diversity increases with forest succession in deciduous forests. Up to 75 percent of bird species in deciduous forests are neotropical migratory songbirds, which actually spend most of each year in other habitats, from the southern United States to Central or South America.

In general, diverse landscapes support more species than do uniform ones with little variation in topography or vegetation. For example, mountainous regions tend to support numerous avian species because of the habitat diversity associated with topographical changes. Forest management techniques such as thinning or prescribed burning are sometimes used to manipulate forest communities to target a specific species or to support overall avian diversity in a stand or on the landscape.

The flammulated owl (Otus flammeolus) is an example of a species that has specific habitat requirements for breeding. Like many owl species, the flammulated owl nests in cavities of live trees or in large standing dead trees, or snags.

flammulated owl
Throughout most of their breeding range of western North America, flammulated owls inhabit mid-elevation montane forests of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi). This map shows the extent of those pine species and associated flammulated owl range. Potential flammulated owl breeding habitat is present on about half of this forest acreage, where there are trees of a large size and open cover.

WATER Wood ducks, kingfishers
CANOPY Thrashers, orioles
MID-STORY Hawks, warblers
SHRUB Cardinals, jays,sparrows
TRUNK Chickadees,woodpeckers, nuthatches
FLOOR Thrushes, grouse, turkey
FOREST BIRD HABITAT. Each bird species may be characterized by a general habitat type. But many species use different features of a forest during different life stages, requiring a diverse set of characteristics even for an individual species. Species may be generalists during part of the year, such as in winter, but specialists during other life stages, such as during breeding season. Thus, depending on the life stage, a given species may occupy differing locations in the forest. This graphic provides examples of types of birds most likely to be encountered in a given forest vegetation layer for at least some portions of the bird’s life cycle.

 

Madurai, formerly (until 1949) Madura, city, south-central Tamil Nadu state, southern India. It is located on the Vaigai River, about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Dindigul. Madurai is the third most populous, and probably the oldest, city in the state.
The ancient history of the region is associated with the Pandya kings, and Madurai was the site of the Pandya capital (4th–11th century CE). Later it was conquered by Chola, Vijayanagar, Muslim, Maratha, and British rulers. In the 1940s it became known as the centre of the civil disobedience movement against the British raj, and it remained an important seat of political leadership.

The compact old part of the city—enclosed by the Anai, Naga, and Pasu (Elephant, Snake, and Cow) hills—is centred on Meenakshi Amman (Minakshi-Sundareshwara) Temple. The temple, Tirumala Nayak palace, Teppakulam tank (an earthen embankment reservoir), and a 1,000-pillared hall were rebuilt in the Vijayanagar period (16th–17th century) after the total destruction of the city in 1310. The city walls were removed by the British in 1837 to enable Madurai to expand, and administrative and residential quarters were established north of the river.
Madurai is a major transportation hub for southern India, with road and rail lines radiating from the city. There is also an airport just south of the city, providing both domestic and international passenger and freight services. Large-scale industry has developed in the suburbs. Predominant are cotton spinning and weaving and the manufacture of transport equipment, tobacco, and sugar. Small-scale hand-loom weaving of silks and cottons, which have made Madurai famous throughout history, remains important.
Lying southeast of the Eastern Ghats, the region surrounding Madurai occupies part of the plain of southern India and contains several mountain spurs, including the Palni and Sirumalai hills (north), the Cardamom Hills (west), and the Varushanad and Andipatti hills (south). Between those hills in the west lies the high Kambam Valley. Eastward, the plains drop to 300 feet (90 metres) above sea level but contain isolated hills. The chief river, the Vaigai, flows northeast through the Kambam Valley and then east across the centre of the state.

The region has never been self-sufficient in rice, despite the completion of irrigation projects on the Periyar (1895) and Vaigai (1960) rivers. Its chief cash crops are peanuts (groundnuts), cotton, sugarcane, coffee, cardamom, potatoes, and pears. The area is also renowned for its jasmine-flower plantations. Pop. (2001) city, 928,869; urban agglom., 1,203,095; (2011) city, 1,017,865; urban agglom., 1,465,625.

We all have been through doomsday surfing. Some of us reached a point where we do not want to talk about the virus and the pandemic but now after a long wait we have a vaccine and there is hope again. It won’t hurt to dive into the science of vaccine and understand our immune system and its main warriors, the antibodies.

A disclaimer before we start- I have tried to explain the system in a very simplified manner. The complexity of our bodies is beyond our comprehension. It is not fully understood even by scientists. So you can ask questions but answers are not guaranteed.

The immune system of humans has two major components- The innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The Innate immune system is present by birth and includes physical barriers like skin, chemical barriers like the acidity of the stomach and cellular barriers including an array of cells with sensitive receptors to detect pathogens. Adaptive immunity is acquired immunity that is induced when we are exposed to pathogens. When we get a vaccine we try to wake up the adaptive immune system. It is this adaptive immunity that is responsible for immunological memory. This means that the body will remember the pathogen and be ready to fight the next time it encounters it in a much robust and quick responsive manner.
Antibodies are part of the adaptive immune system. They are also called immunoglobulins. These belong to the protein family. There are five major classes of immunoglobulins. The most important ones that are studied for serological survey for testing COVID-19 are immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Immunoglobulin M is the first immunoglobulin class produced in a primary response to antigen/pathogen, and it is also the first immunoglobulin to be synthesized by a newborn. Immunoglobulin G is the most abundant class in serum. Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) test is used to detect the presence and amount of these two antibodies.

Now let’s talk about vaccines.
Vaccines are pathogens that are weakened or killed or parts of pathogen that are introduced in the body to generate an immune response and create a memory. Therefore vaccine should not be confused with medicine. It is just a means of exploiting the immune system of the body itself to fight the pathogen. Vaccines facilitate in the creation of memory so that when the real virus comes the body is ready for it.

How to boost immunity
We can start with a proper diet and exercise. These two together work wonders. It’s a proven fact. You too know this but the only thing that is stopping you from having a disciplined lifestyle is procrastination or just laziness. When it comes to health you are your own master. You can make choices- to have prudence or not. Now people can argue that due to lockdown they are not able to go to parks for walk or jog or gyms. The truth is that exercise does require anybody to leave their homes. Yoga, high-intensity interval training or the fun-packed Zumba needs no equipment and can be done at home. It needs only the intention and motivation to get fit. As far as the pandemic is concerned, the only way in sight to get over it soon is to get a vaccine. So make your body an armour to tide over these tumultuous times through the right choices.

Trees are vital. As the biggest plants on the planet, they give us oxygen, store carbon, stabilise the soil and give life to the world’s wildlife. They also provide us with the materials for tools and shelter.

Not only are trees essential for life, but as the longest living species on earth, they give us a link between the past, present and future.

It’s critical that woodlands, rainforests and trees in urban settings, such as parks, are preserved and sustainably managed across the world.

Play your part and donate to The Royal Parks today to help us manage these vital trees in London’s Royal Parks.

Trees benefit health

The canopies of trees act as a physical filter, trapping dust and absorbing pollutants from the air. Each individual tree removes up to 1.7 kilos every year. They also provide shade from solar radiation and reduce noise.

Over 20 species of British trees and shrubs are known to have medicinal properties. The oil from birch bark, for example, has antiseptic properties.

Research shows that within minutes of being surrounded by trees and green space, your blood pressure drops, your heart rate slows and your stress levels come down.

Trees benefit the environment

Trees absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and the carbon that they store in their wood helps slow the rate of global warming.

They reduce wind speeds and cool the air as they lose moisture and reflect heat upwards from their leaves. It’s estimated that trees can reduce the temperature in a city by up to 7°C.

Trees also help prevent flooding and soil erosion, absorbing thousands of litres of stormwater.

Trees boost wildlife

Trees host complex microhabitats. When young, they offer habitation and food to amazing communities of birds, insects, lichen and fungi. When ancient, their trunks also provide the hollow cover needed by species such as bats, woodboring beetles, tawny owls and woodpeckers.

One mature oak can be home to as many as 500 different species. Richmond Park is full of such trees, which is one of the reasons it has been designated a National Nature Reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Trees strengthen communities

Trees strengthen the distinctive character of a place and encourage local pride. Urban woodland can be used as an educational resource and to bring groups together for activities like walking and bird-watching. Trees are also invaluable for children to play in and discover their sense of adventure.

Trees grow the economy

People are attracted to live, work and invest in green surroundings. Research shows that average house prices are 5-18% higher when properties are close to mature trees. Companies benefit from a healthier, happier workforce if there are parks and trees nearby.

Trees protect the future

Soon, for the first time in history, the number of people with homes in cities will outstrip those living in the countryside. Parks and trees will become an even more vital component of urban life. We must respect them and protect them for the future.

Time management” is the process of organizing and planning how to divide your time between specific activities. Good time management enables you to work smarter – not harder – so that you get more done in less time, even when time is tight and pressures are high. Failing to manage your time damages your effectiveness and causes stress.

It seems that there is never enough time in the day. But, since we all get the same 24 hours, why is it that some people achieve so much more with their time than others? The answer lies in good time management.

The highest achievers manage their time exceptionally well. By using the time-management techniques in this section, you can improve your ability to function more effectively – even when time is tight and pressures are high.

Good time management requires an important shift in focus from activities to results: being busy isn’t the same as being effective. (Ironically, the opposite is often closer to the truth.)

Spending your day in a frenzy of activity often achieves less, because you’re dividing your attention between so many different tasks. Good time management lets you work smarter – not harder – so you get more done in less time.

What Is Time Management?

“Time management” refers to the way that you organize and plan how long you spend on specific activities.

It may seem counter-intuitive to dedicate precious time to learning about time management, instead of using it to get on with your work, but the benefits are enormous:

• Greater productivity and efficiency.
• A better professional reputation.
• Less stress.
• Increased opportunities for advancement.
• Greater opportunities to achieve important life and career goals.

Failing to manage your time effectively can have some very undesirable consequences:

• Missed deadlines.
• Inefficient work flow.
• Poor work quality.
• A poor professional reputation and a stalled career.
• Higher stress levels.

Spending a little time learning about time-management techniques will have huge benefits now – and throughout your career.

With the first ICC Test Championship Final just around the corner, let us look at some of the less remembered greats of the game.

George Headley

For a common cricket follower of today’s time – Lara, Richards, Chanderpaul and Gary Sobers – are the poster boys of the legendary West Indian batsmanship. To the fan of the game before World War II, it’ll always be George Headley. The record holder for the highest individual test score by a West Indies batsman was born at Panama on May 30, 1909. With none to coach him during his early days, he trained himself in the aspects of batsmanship. Known for his impeccable timing, he made a name for himself with some fine performances during the Australian tour of 1930/31. The experts of the day were astonished at his timing and placement. In addition to his mastery of batsmanship, he was also a part timer and a great fielder. He finished his test career with an average of 60.8. It won’t be further from truth to say that he was the beginning of what was to come in the history of West Indies cricket.

Wally Hammond

The great legend of English cricket was born at Dover in the year 1903. He began playing cricket at the age of eight. As was not uncommon in those days, he was yet another example of an autodidact. After witnessing some of his knocks for his county team, the watchers were left with no doubt about his skill and went back home with their mind filled with expectations. His career did justify these great expectations. Loved for his aggressive and stylish batting, he contributed significantly to his team’s performance. His numbers at the end of his career are impressive – 50, 511 first class runs at 56.10 with 167 centuries. However, he was largely overshadowed by the greatness of Sir Don Bradman during his career.

Douglas Jardine

The former captain of England Test Cricket Team is remembered by history for reasons other than his batsmanship. Douglas Jardine was born at Bombay in the year 1900 and was coached by his father, also a cricketer, in his early days. Though he impressed with his fine batting performances in the Australian tour of 1928/29, it is for his role as a captain in the series four year later he is remembered by the Australia crowd. Armed with the pace of H Larwood and Voce, he countered the threat of the intimidating Australian batting by targetting their body with bouncers. This series is known as the bodyline series for this reason. This tactic was not well received by the Australian crowd and the cricket board. He was called as “The Iron Duke” for his rock like character.

Victor Trumper

Regarded as a great batsman by his contemporaries and now forgotten by many in world cricket, Victor Trumper was the first of many great batsmen from Australia. The early period of cricket history is notorious for its bad pitches. It was on these tracks Trumper astonished many with his batting. He was the first to score a hundred before lunch. His mates, who marvelled at his batting on sticky wickets, opined that he was worth 3 wickets on these tracks. He was known for his big hitting. Also an outstanding fielder to boot, he was an indispensable part of the team. He dies at a young age of 37.

Palwankar Baloo

Palwankar Baloo, the first Indian Dalit cricketer, was also a great slow bowler. He is regarded as the first great Indian cricketer. He rose through the ranks from doing ground duties and bowling in the nets at a club to the leader of the attack of whichever team he represented. On his first tour of England, he picked over 200 wickets at an incredible average of 13 apiece. His struggles were more off the field than on the field. Hailing from a lower caste family, he was a victim of caste discrimination and untouchability. He conquered these inequalities through his skill in the game. He later on became a politician to fight for the rights of the depressed. Another interesting fact about him is that he also contested against Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in an electon and lost it by over 2000 votes. He was a role model for the depressed classed. His contributions as a cricketer and a politician will be remembered by history for a long time.

Research is performing a methodogical study to revise the current knowledge and discovery of new facts Research is a process that requires patience and thought. There is no easy way to make certain that one has exhausted every resource and found the best.there are currently many Research groups that are active in scientific research, research in the humanities and artistic research. Scientific research this type of research is a systematic way of gathering data and hardness curiosity. This research provides scientific information and theories for the explanation of the nature and properties of the world. It makes practical applications possible. Research in the humanities scholars usually do not research for the ultimate correct answer to a question, but instead explore the issues and details that surround it.context is always important, and context can be social, historical, political, cultural, or ethnic. An example of research in the humanities is historical research, which is embodied in historical methods. Artistic research this type of research also seen as practice based research can take form when creative works are considered both the research and the object of research itself it is the debatable body of thought which offers an alternative to purely scientific methods in research in its research for knowledge and the truth. One of the main sources of air pollution is burning fossil fuels like oil,gas,and coal.fossil fuels are burned to create energy so that we can drive cars and trucks, fly planes, make electricity, and run factories. Fossil fuel will not last forever, as we are using them up very quickly. When fossil fuels are burned they create different types of air pollution problems besides creating particulate matters burning fossil fuels create smog makes the air pollution problems besides creating particular matter burning fossil fuels. And make people sick if they spend too much time outside breathing it in burning fossil fuels also creates dangerous games that trap heat from the sun and make the planet too warm. This is called global warming and it makes the weather, or climate, change in serious ways to tackle this issue of pollution caused by fossil fuels a company in Canada had in fact discovered not one but two varieties methods for breaking down ordinary water into hydrogen and oxygen they are simply answer this existing engines in our automotive could work with these systems with very little alternation and no need for an external support infrastructure like the one now provided by fuels station to understand how these water fuels systems work it helps to begin by realizing that ordinary water is actually a battery containing vast amounts of energy water is two parts hydrogen combined with one part oxygen the amount of time spent on the action not on the result of the deaths of the water molecules is thus vast.and had.absolutely nothing to do with the amount of energy it takes to break down the molecules this is am extremely important point as so many people even scientists are unclear on this concept and yet if we can find an economical means to breakdown the water molecules out energy problems are over..

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President Joe Biden has baited office in a country looking prominently different that it did on his forefather inauguration Day .Covid19 has killed more than 4,00,000 Americans, with a big part of socio economic toll impute to federal Mismanagement, The US has also renounce its role as leader of the free world, squabbled with democratic allies while keeping authority populist’s to everywhere, snicker at its post truth misadventures. This month’s attack on the capitol represented the domestic broadcast has poisoned the polity. In the short, the new administration really has its work cut out invent correctives at multiple levels. It is a mighty challenge. But democracy is hypothetical on elections making a difference. The promise of a newdawnis both powerful and credible. The diversity , temperance and experience of the incoming cabinet strongly suggest that they ahave a good measure of the problems at hand, and the ambition to attemept solutions one clear aspirational target is 100 million doses of covid 19 vaccine n the first 100 days.Then, Janet L Yellen,waho will be the new treasury secdretary and America’s top economic diplomat, has verbalize as proriteis both addressing the economic damage of the pandemic at home and repairing relaionships with various allies a broad to take on china’s (illegal, unfair and abusive rpactices) collectiely.

After the vain of institutions and Clutter or flailings seen in the trump years,it will indeed take solid international cooperation to trevitalise the gloabl rules based order. Incoming secretary of state Antony Blinken has showed a welcome sobe saying,(WE’ll engage the world not as it was,bu as it is)Pragmatically speaking, rebukes on human rights issues for India maybe part and parcel of Washington’liberal ressival alongside the many Indian+Americdan in the Biden Team.

The provision of blood has always been an important aspect of healthcare. A well functioning blood system should be an absolutely necessity and top priority of the healthcare policy. Safe blood is critical both for treatments and urgent interventions. It can help patients suffering from life threatening conditions live longer and with a higher quality of life and supports complex medical and surgical procedures. Blood is also a vital for treating the wounded during emergencies of all kinds and has an essential, life saving role in maternal and neonatal care. But access to safe blood is still a privilege of the few. Most low and middle income countries still struggle to make safe blood available because donations are low and equipment to test blood is scarce. Globally, 42% of blood is collected in high income countries, which are home to only 16% of the world’s population.

INDIA NEEDS MORE ‘SAFE BLOOD’

India has always been home to natural disasters and communicable diseases, which demands the inflow of the vital fluid on the regular basis. However, a global study published that India has the largest absolute shortage of blood units among all the countries in the world. The study reveals a staggering shortage of almost 41 million units in 2017. This existing shortage is exacerbated by the fact that almost 10-11% of collected blood is wasted each year in the country. This means India has cumulatively wasted over 3.4 million blood units from 2014 to 2017. Besides adequacy, the safety of blood is yet another matter of concern. As per the National Aids Control Organisation (NACO), over 1342 people across India have contracted the HIV infection from contaminated blood transfusions during 2018-19. The data reveals that over 7218 people have contracted HIV through the blood transfusion route over the last five years. The data which opens up serious safety and quality concerns underline the fact that zero risk blood supply is still a distant reality in the country.

For quality, safety and efficacy of blood and blood products, well equipped blood centers with adequate infrastructure and trained manpower is an essential requirement. However, there is a sizable shortage of trained healthcare professionals in the field of transfusion medicine throughout the country. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare had long before formulated a National Blood Policy with an aim to ensure easily accessible and adequate supply of safe and quality blood and blood components procured from a voluntary non-equipped premises, which is free from transfusion transmitted infections and is stored an transported under optimum conditions.

BLOOD DONATION IN THE TIME OF PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 outbreak has caused unprecedented challenges to the blood bank supply. The lockdown period has witnessed a drastic decline in the number of blood donors. According to the Indian Red Cross Society’s weekly updates as of June 4, blood units collected were less than a hundred while the demand exceeded almost two times the available units. Blood Banks all over the world are dependent on voluntary blood donation from healthy individuals to make their blood supplies. Since there continues to be a demand for blood and blood components, especially for those patients depending on blood transfusions as a life saving measure, like Thalassemics, or to mitigate blood loss in accident victims, pregnant women and critically ill patients, supplies of safe blood must continue to be maintained at blood banks throughout the country. Activities and actions plans for blood collection and voluntary blood donation, therefore, are required to be continued judiciously even during this period to meet the blood requirement of the nation.

Healthcare workers, all around the globe have a major role to play in ensuring a safe and adequate supply of blood in hospitals and blood centers. Let’s call on more people all over the world to become lifesavers by volunteering to donate blood on regular basis.

FOCUS OF 2021 CAMPAIGN

For 2021, the World Blood Donor Day slogan will be “Give blood and keep the world beating”. The message highlights the essential contribution blood donors make to keeping the world pulsating by saving lives and improving others’ health. It reinforces the global call for more people all over the world to donate blood regularly and contribute to better health. A special focus of this year’s campaign will be the role of young people in ensuring a safe blood supply. In many countries, young people have been at the forefront of activities and initiatives aimed at achieving safe blood supplies through voluntary, non remunerated blood donations. Young people from a large sector of the population in many societies and are generally full of idealism, enthusiasm and creativity.