A group of Indian analysts has created what shows up to be a first-of-a-kind human verification through teeth for versatile and other hand-held gadgets. The group says that the app obtains biometric tests utilizing the camera on a portable handset. The app has particular markers that enlist the teeth of a human for confirmation, comparable to existing apps that record the whole confront.
The title of the think about is “Deepteeth: A Teeth-Photo Based Human Verification Framework for Versatile and Hand-Held Gadgets”. It has been wrote by Geetika Arora, Rohit K Bharadwaj, and Kamlesh Tiwari from the Birla Founded of Innovation and Science (BITS), Pilani. Clarifying the working of the app, the group, within the unique of the paper, composes that the locale of intrigued (RoI) is extricated utilizing markers and the gotten test is at that point improved utilizing differentiate constrained versatile histogram equalization (CLAHE) for way better visual clarity
The group says that to the finest of their understanding, typically the primary work on teeth-photo-based verification for any portable gadget, including the comes about have appeared “perfect accuracy.” Upon advance perusing the paper, you discover a chart clarifying how teeth-photo confirmation works. The app, utilizing the front camera of your portable gadget, obtains the impression of your teeth to begin with. Usually taken after by ROI extraction and upgrade. The following work of the app is “deep include extraction” taken after by “enrol/verify and identify.” The following step is where the verification truly starts. The enrolled extraction at that point compares the teeth impression with the database, taking after which the app makes the “decision” on whether or not it coordinated with the correct individual.
In conclusion, the creators type in that they watched that the less investigated teeth-photo has exceptionally tall acknowledgment and recognizable proof exactness with the uncommon include proposed within the think about. And indeed in spite of the fact that it takes a small longer to prepare at first, once conveyed it is exceedingly effective for recognizable proof or confirmation. Agreeing to the ponder, the proposed show works flawlessly with a little measure test and is, subsequently, power-efficient and reasonable for versatile gadgets. “We have moreover proposed a novel strategy for the regularization of the profound learning design by combining margin and shared data within the spine highlight representation,” the analysts composed within the think about.
The types of negotiable expand a lot. some of the very common ones are promissory notes, certificate of deposit , money orders etc.
Personal Checks:
These checks can only be authorized by a person if they deposit money in the bank and clearly justify the sum of money and the name of the person to whom the cheque is addressed to with the name of the bearer of the check.
Advantages of Checks:
No cash is required and big amounts can be transferred hassle free.
If money gets lost it can’t be recovered but check transactions can be stopped from depositing, if lost.
Disadvantages of Personal Checks:
Personal checks are not always taken easily everywhere.
In the fast pace world of technology checks are relatively sluggish and their processing takes time.
2. Travellers Check:
Travellers checks are convenient for people who are in foreign countries for any of the following temporary situations such as vacations, work visits, trading etc. these checks can be used as an alternative for the respective foreign currency which makes the travel hassle free and reduces currency exchange which results in more following of the social distancing protocol.
“These checks are generally issues by financial institutions with serial no. and in prepaid fixed amounts”. A dual signature system is generally followed in which the signature of the buyer of the check has to sign at the time of issuing of the check and later another signature is required while using the check. The two signature are mandatory to match for the financial institutions to issue the check and guarantee the payment.
Advantages of Travellers:
Hassle free and safe travel is enabled because no big amounts of money are carried around.
The banks back up for most of the stolen or lost checks and even sometimes provide security money for the same.
Disadvantages of Travellers check:
This whole system depends on the double signature system too much and as we understand that signatures can be easily forged it is not the most secure method to carry and transfer money.
Debit and credit cards are a more convenient way nowadays compared to travellers checks.
3.Promissory Notes:
Promissory notes are handwritten promises between 2 parties. One party is the one liable to pay that is; payor and the other one is the receiver that is payee. These handwritten documents hold promises of the payor to pay the payee a certain sum of the money in future. These notes also contain all the important aspects for a promise to be relevant. These information includes specified principle amount, interest rate, term length ,date of insurance and signature of the payor.
“These at first enables a person, people or a co operation to obtain financing from a source other than a bank or financial institution. Those who issue a promissory note become lenders.”
4. Money Order:
The holder of money orders are paid a promised amount as mentioned in the money order. These are available across easily and are generally issued by financial organisations and governments also. Money orders differ by the limit of amount of order that is typically One thousand Dollars.
These resemble checks but the main difference is that there is little personal detail mentioned in the money orders compared to checks.
5. Bill of exchange:
“A Bill of Exchange is a binding agreement by one party to pay a fixed amount of cash to another party as of a predetermined date or on demand”
These are basically used for international trade purposes. These have become more powerful.
To understand it in detail the following example is suitable:
If Mr. Varun orders Mr. Jatin to pay Rs.85000 for 60 days and Mr. Jatin signs his name to accept the order given by Mr. Varun then it is called a bill of exchange.
But sometimes due to financial inadequacy or different circumstances the seller and the purchaser cannot pay off immediately generally after which a promise is signed for future credit to be paid and this promise is drafted in a written format after which it turns into a legal instrument of value.
NOTE: “These instruments can often be accepted by banks and we can advance money against them. Also, we can also endorse the instrument that is, pass it to another person.”
Features of Bill Of Exchange:
“A bill of exchange is an instrument in writing”
“It is drawn and signed by the maker i.e. drawer of the bill.”
“It contains an unconditional order to a person i.e. drawee.”
“To make an instrument of value the drawee must accept it.”
“The specified amount is payable to the person whose name is mentioned in the bill or to his order or to the bearer.”
“It specifies the date by which amount should be paid.”
“Payment of the bill must be in the legal currency of the country.”
A few Indian media on Monday cheered a court arrange over the end of the week which put on hold a portion of modern rules looking for to direct substance on computerized news websites, calling the move critical for press opportunity in India. The Bombay Tall Court put on hold the execution of rules that advanced news media would got to compulsorily take after the code of conduct laid down by the Press Board of India, a self-regulating press guard dog, and the country’s cable TV code. The court ruled taking after petitions recorded by a news site and a writer.
It moreover put on hold a three-tier administrative structure for advanced news media counting an oversight instrument by the government government, a run the show which started concerns it would check the capacity of news outlets to report freely and was seen by numerous as portion of government endeavors to curb within the media.
The wide reach of the 2021 rules “bring around a chilling impact” on the flexibility of discourse and expression of the media, the court said, including that the rules moreover go past the scope of India’s Data Innovation Act. “The Bombay High Court arrange remaining the foremost upsetting portion of the government’s unused IT Rules as they apply to digital news media may be a shot within the arm for press flexibility,” said Siddharth Varadarajan, the establishing editor of free news site The Wire.
“The government was endeavoring to pressgang advanced news into an official straitjacket but the court has properly put a end to this process.” A last hearing within the case is planned for September 27.
India sketched out its unused substance directions – Middle person Rules and Computerized Media Morals Code – in February and the rules, which the government said are legitimately enforceable, got to be successful end-May. The rules – generally pointed at directing huge social media firms such as Facebook and Twitter, and for supervising computerized news media – have driven to a pontoon of lawful challenges counting from news organisations. The non-profit, which runs The Wire, has moreover challenged the unused rules within the Delhi Tall court and the case is due to be listened afterward this month.
The majority of people use at least one major social media platform, yet they are unaware of the impact that everyday social media use can have. It’s fun to scroll through memes, images, and life updates from individuals you’ve met along the way, but we frequently overlook how social media affects how we act and think.
The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health:
Humans are social creatures by nature. To succeed in life, we require the company of others, and the strength of our bonds has a significant impact on our mental health and happiness. Being socially linked to people can help you cope with stress, worry, and depression, increase your self-esteem, bring comfort and joy, prevent loneliness, and even add years to your life. On the other hand, a lack of strong social relationships can put your mental and emotional health at risk.
Many of us use social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, YouTube, and Instagram to locate and communicate with one another in today’s society. While each has its own set of advantages, it’s important to remember that social media will never be a substitute for real human interaction.
Benefits of Social Media:
While virtual interaction on social media does not have the same psychological benefits as face-to-face contact, it can nevertheless help you stay connected and improve your wellbeing in a variety of ways.
1. Stay in touch and updated with family and friends all across the world.
2. During difficult circumstances, seek or provide emotional assistance.
3. If you live in a remote area, have limited independence, social anxiety, or are a member of a marginalized group, find a critical social connection.
4. Find a reliable sources of useful information and education.
5. One of the biggest advantages of social media is that making friends has never been easier. It was difficult to connect with people just a few decades ago, unless you were the overly extroverted sort who could strike up a discussion with anybody and everyone at an event.
6. Social media can be utilized for a variety of good reasons, such as social welfare and the promotion of non-profit organizations (NGOs). Not only that, but it also aids in the transformation of people’s lifestyles. It raises awareness and assists individuals in discovering new ideas that can help them improve their life.
The Negative Aspects of Social Media:
Social networking is such a new technology, little research has been done to determine its long-term effects, both positive and negative. Multiple studies, however, have linked heavy social media use to an increased risk of depression, anxiety, loneliness, self-harm, and even suicide ideation and some are as follow.
1. Isolation.
According to a study conducted at the University of Pennsylvania, frequent use of Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram increases rather than lowers loneliness. Reduced social media usage, on the other hand, can help you feel less lonely and isolated, as well as increase your general wellbeing, according to the study.
2. Depression and Anxiety.
To be mentally healthy, humans require face-to-face contact. Eye-to-eye contact with someone who cares about you relieves stress and improves your mood faster and more efficiently than anything else. You’re more likely to acquire or develop mood disorders like anxiety and depression if you prefer social media activity over in-person relationships.
3. Cyberbullying.
Around 10% of teenagers say they’ve been bullied on social media, and many others have received nasty comments. Twitter and other social media platforms can be hotbeds for spreading harmful rumors, lies, and abuse that can leave emotional scars.
4. Feelings of Incompetence in your life or Appearance.
Even if you are aware that the photographs you see on social media have been edited, they can still make you feel anxious about how you appear or what is going on in your life. Similarly, we’re all aware that others only discuss the great aspects of their lives, rarely the sad points that everyone goes through.
Spending more Time on Social Media than with Friends in Real Life.
Many of your offline social interactions have been replaced by using social media. Even when you’re out with friends, you feel compelled to check social media on a regular basis, frequently motivated by the fear that others are having more fun than you.
The Taliban’s fast takeover of Afghanistan postures a unused challenge for huge US tech companies on dealing with substance made by a bunch considered to be fear mongers by a few world governments.
Social media monster Facebook affirmed on Monday that it assigns the Taliban a fear based oppressor bunch and bans it and substance supporting it from its platforms. But Taliban individuals have allegedly kept on utilize Facebook’s end-to-end scrambled informing benefit WhatsApp to communicate straightforwardly with Afghanis in spite of the company forbidding it beneath rules against unsafe associations.
A Facebook representative said the company was closely observing the circumstance within the nation which WhatsApp would take activity on any accounts found to be connected with endorsed associations in Afghanistan, which might incorporate account removal. On Twitter, Taliban representatives with hundreds of thousands of supporters have tweeted overhauls amid the country’s takeover. Asked around the Taliban’s utilize of the stage, the company pointed to its approaches against rough associations and derisive conduct but did not reply Reuters questions almost how it makes its classifications. Twitter’s rules say it does not permit bunches who advance fear mongering or savagery against civilians.
The Taliban’s return has raised fears it’ll split down on opportunity of discourse and human rights, especially women’s rights, which the nation may ended up a sanctuary once once more for worldwide terrorism. Taliban authorities have issued articulations saying they need tranquil worldwide relations and have guaranteed to secure Afghans. Major social media firms this year made high-profile choices on dealing with sitting world pioneers and bunches in power. These incorporate disputable pieces of previous US President Donald Trump for affecting savagery around the January 6 Capitol revolt and bans on Myanmar’s military in the midst of a upset within the country. Facebook, which was long scrutinized for coming up short to combat abhor discourse in Myanmar, said the overthrow raised dangers of offline hurt and its history of human rights infringement contributed to the boycott on the administering military or Tatmadaw.
The companies, which have come beneath fire from worldwide officials and controllers for their outsized political and financial impact, frequently depend on state assignments or official worldwide acknowledgments to decide who is permitted on their sites. These too offer assistance decide who can be confirmed, permitted official state accounts or may get uncommon treatment for rule-breaking discourse due to newsworthiness or open intrigued loopholes. However, the contrasts among the tech companies’ positions propose the approach isn’t uniform. Alphabet’s YouTube, inquired whether it contains a boycott or limitations on the Taliban, declined to comment but said the video-sharing benefit depends on governments to characterize “Outside Fear based oppressor Organizations” (FTO) to direct the site’s requirement of its rules against savage criminal bunches
YouTube pointed to the US State Department’s list of FTO’s of which the Taliban isn’t a part. The US instep classifies the Taliban as a “Extraordinarily Assigned Worldwide Fear monger,” which solidifies the US resources of those boycotted and bars Americans from working with them. Complicating things encourage, in spite of the fact that most nations appear small sign they will perceive the gather carefully, the Taliban’s position on the world arrange may however move as they cement control. “The Taliban is to some degree an acknowledged player at an worldwide relations level,” said Mohammed Sinan Siyech, a analyst on security in South Asia and doctoral candidate at the College of Edinburgh, indicating to talks China and the Joined together States have held with the group. “If that acknowledgment comes in, at that point for a company like Twitter or Facebook to create a subjective decision that this gather is awful and we’ll not have them postures complications.
The fashionable age is the age of science, technology and knowledge in which all of these are interrelated and are different aspects of the same thing. Explosion of knowledge and data , supported breathtaking advancement within the world of science and technology, has bestowed on man powers enviable even for gods. it’s helped man conquer space and time. Now one has unraveled many mysteries of nature and life and is ready to face new challenges and move forward within the realm of the unknown and thus the undiscovered. In India there has been an extended and distinct tradition of scientific research and technological advancement since the past .
Since independence, India has accelerated it’s speed and efforts in this field and have established many research laboratories, institutions of upper learning and technical education. The results would make anybody’s heart swell with pride , confidence and fulfillment. The best, however, is yet to return . The central and state governments, various public and private sector establishments are engaged in scientific research and technological development to require the state on the trail of rapid development, growth and prosperity. There are about 200 research laboratories spread everywhere in the country. The institutions of upper learning, and universities, the fashionable temples of learning, are all committed to need the country forward. they’re well equipped and staffed to secure for the people of the state all the blessings and benefits which can accrue from the acquisition and application of knowledge and technology. But there is no room for complacency, for during this field only the sky’s the limit and that we are yet a developing country.
Our technology policy is comprehensive and well thought out. It aims at developing indigenous technology to ensure efficient absorption and adoption of imported technology suitable to national priorities and availability of resources. Its main objective is attainment of technical competence and self- reliance, leading to reduction in vulnerability in strategic and important areas.
With a view to strengthening our economy and industrial development, our government has introduced many structural reforms through adoption of a replacement industrial policy which features an important pertaining to the programmes of development concerning science and technology. Consequently, technology has become our mainstay enterprise and now we’ve built a robust and reliable infrastructure for research, training and development in science and technology. Within the field of agriculture, our scientific and technological researches have enabled us to be self-reliant and self-sufficient in food grains.
Today, India withstand droughts and natural calamities with much greater confidence than ever before. Now, we are at an edge to export food grains, etc. and are on the sting of white and blue revolutions. Our agricultural scientists and farmers, who are always ready to imbibe new technologies, our country has many kinds of hybrid seeds, crop- protection technologies, balanced farming practices and better water and irrigation management techniques. Similarly within the sector of economic research, we’ve achieved many milestones and India is emerging as a significant industrial power of the earth .
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), which has its network of research laboratories and institutions, has been chiefly instrumental in our major achievements in scientific and industrial research. We’ve now joined the exclusive club of six advanced nations by developing our own supercomputer at the Centre for Development of Advance Computing (C- CAD) at Pune. Our Atomic Research Commission, acknowledged in 1948, is engaged in valuable nuclear research for peaceful purposes. The chief agency for implementing atomic energy programmes is the Department of atomic energy . The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, near Mumbai is the most important single scientific establishment within the country, directing nuclear research. Now, we’ve five research reactors, including Cyrus, Dhruua, Zerina and Purnima. We’ve administered two underground nuclear tests at Pokhran in Rajasthan.
This is often an interesting achievement by our nuclear scientists, which has enabled us to become one of the chosen few countries on earth to have done it. India is additionally the first developing country, and one of the seven countries of the earth to master fast breeding technology. Research in breeder technology is currently happening at Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research at Kalpakkam, Chennai. The successful launching of the Polar Space Launching Vehicle (PSLV- D-2), in October 1994, marked India’s entry into the league of the world’s major space powers. Within the INSAT-2 series of satellites, launched first in 1992, India has shown its ability to fabricate complex systems like anything made anywhere within the earth . Our previous launches of the SLV-3 and thus the SLV were merely stepping stones to what’s going to be the workhorses of the business, the PSLV, which can launch one tone satellite into orbit of up to 1000 km, and therefore the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, which can take 2.5 tonne satellite to orbits 36,000 km away. India’s space programme rocketed to greater heights with the successful launch of the second Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-D2) in May, 2003. As has been rightly observed, the challenge before Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is to take care of the momentum of the programme by integrating it with other missions. The foremost obvious ones are related to military communication and reconnaissance.India’s first space mission to specialize in an extraterrestrial landing, Chandrayaan-2, would have commenced by the time you read this. It’s a symbol achievement for India’s technological capability, in areas ranging from propulsion , signals and communications, materials, robotics, remote guidance and even AI , to let the lunar lander navigate on its own on the far side of the moon. If successful on all targeted fronts, it’d also increase humankind’s understanding of cosmology and thus the origins of the planet , because the moon probably could also be a piece of this planet that got thrown out at a stage when it had been mostly molten matter. And, of course, it’d cause greater understanding of the moon itself, its chemistry and composition. America landed men on the moon essentially to demonstrate that it had overcome the Sputnik scare — the shock realisation that the Soviet Union was before it in space science and technology which its own education system had to repair for greater specialize in science and maths — and had beaten the Soviet Union therein lone area of human achievement during which the Communist nation had been ahead.
Achievements in space still have a component of demonstration of technological capability, apart from their intrinsic utility. So, becoming the fourth nation within the world, behind the US, the previous Soviet Union and China, to land a mobile explorer on the moon, tells the earth of India’s capability altogether the intricate technologies that are marshalled and harmonised to carry out Chandrayaan-2, its predecessor having orbited the moon with a proximity of 100km. The mission, conceived in 2008, has taken 11years to end . The mission director and thus the project director are both women, to boot. The Indian Space Research Organisation is standing testimony to the overall public sector’s capacity to deliver outstanding results, when given autonomy and resources. There’s a case for similar public sector initiatives in cyber security, telecom systems and AI . What it lacks is political vision and commitment. Our success on Antarctica speaks volumes of our scientific genius and technological wisdom within the world . So far, 13 scientific expeditions by our oceanographers,scientists and technicians are to Antarctica where we’ve two permanent stations on the icy continent. within the field of defence also our achievements are quite laudable.
The successful production of such missiles as Prithvi and Nag testify to the high capabilities and achievements of our scientists. we’ve also been successful in producing opt-electronic preparation and night-vision devices required for our indigenous tanks. The HAL at Bangalore has already produced the Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH). Obviously, technology has been used effectively as a tool and instrument of national development and yet much remains to be achieved so that its benefits reach the masses. Scientists within the country will strive hard to bring technological developments to people’s doorsteps.
Therefore, they can not rest on their laurels, but should remember the famous and galvanizing lines of the poet Robert Frost: The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I even have promises to stay, And miles to travel before I sleep……
The space rock that wiped out dinosaurs hit the Soil close Mexico. Named Chicxulub impactor, the huge rough question had an assessed width of generally 6 miles (10km). It delivered a hole that covers an zone of around 90 miles (145km) and the affect is credited with not fair the termination of dinosaurs, but moreover around 75 percent of add up to creature species at the time.
This mass termination occasion happened 66 million a long time back and has come to be broadly acknowledged as the conclusion of the Mesozoic time. Presently, analysts have figured out where the pillaging space rock originated. Using computer models, analysts considered 130,000 demonstrate space rocks to conclude that this one circled the Sun with others within the fundamental space rock belt some time recently slamming into Earth. Researchers at the Texas-based Southwest Inquire about Founded (SwRI) said the impactor likely came from the outer half of the most space rock belt. The space rock belt is between Defaces and Jupiter.
The analysts moreover say that the forms that convey expansive space rocks to Soil from that locale happen at slightest 10 times more as often as possible than already thought. The SwRI group, counting lead analyst Dr. David Nesvorný and colleagues Dr. William Bottke and Dr. Simone Marchi, said a few considers have been conducted over the past decade on the mass termination that finished the rule of dinosaurs but each of them has driven to modern questions. Two basic questions remained unanswered, Bottke said. One of them was almost the source of the impactor and the other one almost the recurrence of these Earth-crashing occasions. So, the analysts begun with knowing more almost the space rock, that driven them to recognize the Chicxulub impactor as carbonaceous chondrite. Numerous objects encompassing Soil share comparative compositions to the impactor but these are much littler in measure. “We chosen to hunt for where the kin of the Chicxulub impactor could be hiding,” said Nesvorný.
The analysts at that point utilized NASA’s Pleaides Supercomputer. To their shock, they found that 6-mile-wide space rocks from the external half of the space rock belt strike the Soil at slightest 10 times more as often as possible than already found.
Blue origin, the space company claimed by Jeff Bezos, is suing the US government over its choice to grant a enormous Moon investigation contract to its competitor SpaceX, it said in a articulation Monday.The company has recorded a suit with the US Court of Government Claims “in an endeavor to cure the blemishes” in how the contract was granted, agreeing to the statement.The human landing framework (HLS) contract, worth $2.9 billion (generally Rs. 21,540 crores), was given to SpaceX, possessed by Bezos’ very rich person equal Elon Musk, in April
It was dissented by the other bidders, who contended NASA was required to form different grants which the assessment prepare was unfair. “We immovably accept that the issues recognized in this obtainment and its results must be tended to to reestablish decency, make competition, and guarantee a secure return to the Moon for America,” Blue Beginning said.Since losing the contract, Blue Root has unequivocally campaigned to have the choice turned around. It recorded a dissent with the Government Responsibility Office, but in July the guard dog maintained NASA’s choice
NASA said in a explanation Monday that it was informed of Blue Origin’s claim and it is investigating the case. “With our accomplices, we’ll go to the Moon and remain to empower science examinations, create unused innovation, and make tall paying occupations for the more noteworthy great and in arrangement to send space travelers to Damages,” the explanation said. Under the Artemis program, NASA is arranging to return people to the Moon within the center of this decade and construct a lunar orbital station, some time recently a manned mission is sent to Defaces within the 2030s. Musk’s company, established in 2002, is right now NASA’s driving private segment accomplice.
India is a country where we have nearly 28% of the youth population in contrast to 37 in China and 45 in Western Europe. This says about the enormous growth opportunity that India will have as the highest number of people in the workforce. In some other words, we could say that the India’s non working population would be out numbered by the working population leading to the demographic dividend which is to be in favour.
Climatic effects
The increased use of non-degradable plastics, bio-medical waste have created climatic deterioration. The pandemic had paved the way for the increased use of plastics and also we have no other go to end up without being safe. This effects leads to the increased landfilling which would cost fisheries, tourism and maritime transport and service industries with an additional billion dollars according to the report given by the UN Environmental Program.
The changes
Though the population of youth in India with the high level of unemployment is high, still there is chance of silver line beyond it. By concentrating on the demographic dividend, this leads to the increase in labour force, which in turn leads to the productive outcome. This accelerates the industrial growth. As the purchasing power of the population is high, there is no doubt in the increased domestic growth and increasing opportunities. By analyzing all these factors into the current situation, India will become the third largest country by 2030.
The younger the people the more conscious they are. They are much more of the climatic changes and impact of the land population which affects the sustainability of their growth. The natural disasters and less number of natural resources are even known to the children as it affects climate badly. The UN report also tells us that nearly half a million of the youth generation are taking action against the polluted lands through small initiatives they can make around their schools, colleges, surroundings and other communities.
The future
Sustainable future, socio-economic progress with the flourishing economies need a gradual vibrant to be empowered for the best future of the great version. India’s youth are interested in the green job as they have a great belief that healing the environment is the sustainable way to move forward. India is often in the forefront of bringing the change but there are issues like inequality which still goes in the Environment. Though the Union Government has rolled out various employment schemes, the dominance of the informal economy makes it still difficult to reap the benefits.
The rising youth young population provides India with a great opportunity for growth. The labour intensive sectors needed to more skillful for the better job creation. Ensuring the components of the life skills along with the technical skills makes one to get the better satisfaction in the life.
“Exams and grades are temporary, but education is permanent.” Education is an important medium for the development of any country. India being a part of it is moving forward towards globalization, which has proved to have a positive effect on the education system, in a way making it simpler and easier. The advent of technology has steadily digitized all services and offerings, taking them to the online platform and examination has been no exception. Is it better to test it on bamboo paper or a digital page? In my opinion, the benefits of e-examinations exceed their drawbacks.
It’s all about Exams…!!!
Why is it beneficial?
The traditional pen-and-paper exams not only affect the surroundings but also come at a high cost as far as institutions are concerned. The climate change crisis being the foremost priority forces an individual to make efforts for the reduction of natural resources. The adverse environmental impact of mercilessly cutting down trees for paper is evident. However, as far as administrative costs are concerned, it proves to be an economical way to conduct examinations on a large scale. For instance, there is no need to have spacious classrooms to fit in students, the flexibility of time and checking without glitches impels efficiency for examiners as well as examinees. Altogether, it helps education centers to go paper-free and eliminate expensive processes.
Don’t strive for high grades,
But always for higher learning.
Motivation hard work always leads to success.
A secured, simple, and auto-graded system has been possible, due to the advancements in technology. It has enhanced the privacy of students, reducing the risk of any malicious activities such as cheating or paper leaks. Further, the ease of setting up questionnaires, procedures, and access proves it to be reliable. Also, the automatic scoring by computers mandates flawless marking, decreases teacher’s burden, saves time, and ensures fairness. According to a survey was done by A.P Barkley, the potential for student learning is growing because of frequent assessment and reduced plagiarism. Overall, it builds mutual trust between the two, providing transparency and bias-free results.
Let’s look at it’s demerits
When looking at the other side of the coin, we come across a few disadvantages as well. Firstly, poor internet connection can hamper the student’s possibility to attempt the examination and in turn the grades. Secondly, it does not accommodate all exam modes like long answers, letters, essays, etc. Teachers have to stick to either multiple choice or short answer questions. On the whole, two of them have to compromise their comforts.
In conclusion, online exams have it’s own strengths and flaws, meanwhile, the pros outshine the cons. In an ever-changing world, online tests and e-assessment are at the center of it. It can be a powerful tool to educate students from diverse backgrounds and places.
Note: students often get nervous and it, in turn, affects their results. Here are some tips to remember before appearing a test.
Have a thorough revision of the syllabus.
Take a five-minute break in between every hour and refresh yourself with some fun activity.
A healthy diet and sleep are necessary one day before an examination. It helps maintain the metabolism.
The last day should not be stressful but carefree.
Recheck the materials before going to the assessment hall.
Last but not least, believe in yourself and tick the answers in God’s name!!
The case is currently being heard by the International Court of Justice(ICJ).
BACKGROUND: The Rohingya people are a group of ethnic(Muslim Indo-Aryan) minority in the Buddhist majority.In the recent years they have been facing procedural ethnic cleansing and prosecution at a mass level. it has also been described as genocide.The genocide followed for more than 2 years with decades of prosecution on the Rohingya people which included mass murders,destruction of villages,rapes and various other heinous crimes undertaken by the millitary of Myanmar.
Mostly restricted to the Rakhine state (where the Rohingya are largely settled) and done under the garb of “anti-terrorism measures”. With the general support of the public. (John Oliver did a segment on how “free” Facebook contributed to the genocide.
What does genocide mean?
According to the Article 2 genocide means comitting any of the follwoing acts:
Causing serious bodily harm to a group.
Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part.
Killing members of the group
Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group.
Forcibly transferring children of one group to another group.
Article 6 of Rome Statute of International Criminal Court: For the purpose of this Statute, “genocide” means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethical, racial or religious group, as such: (a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
Online dating app Tinder will before long be making its ID Confirmation alternative accessible to all clients around the world. Tinder said on Monday that it’ll make its ID Confirmation highlight accessible to all individuals around the world “within the coming quarters.” The highlight which has as of now been live in Japan since 2019, will permit clients to confirm their personalities by uploading official documentation including a international id or permit. Be that as it may, which will change from nation to nation.
The dating app company, through an official articulation, had said that it’ll take into “thought proposals from specialists and input from Tinder individuals approximately which archives would be utilized in each nation as well as nearby directions and laws whereas it rolls out the feature.” Tinder had also stated that it’ll utilize the feedback from the same to guarantee the method is “privacy-friendly.” Rory Kozoll, head of believe and security item at Tinder, said that the company is taking a “test-and-learn” approach to the ID confirmation dispatch.
We know one of the foremost profitable things Tinder can do to create individuals feel secure is to grant them more certainty that their matches are true and more control over who they associated with,” Kozoll said in a statement. The company’s agents are moreover recognizing the truth that a few clients might not need to share their personalities online. Taking after this, the ID confirmation handle will be at first kept intentional but as required by nearby law. Tracey Breeden, bad habit president of security and social promotion at Tinder parent company Coordinate Bunch said, “We know that in numerous parts of the world and inside customarily minimized communities, individuals might have compelling reasons that they can’t or don’t need to share their real-world character with a web stage.”
She included, “Making a genuinely evenhanded arrangement for ID Confirmation may be a challenging, but basic security venture and we are looking to our communities as well as experts to assist illuminate our approach.” This isn’t the primary time that the dating app has thought of including safety-focused highlights to the stage; final year it included a photo confirmation framework that includes a blue tick to users” dating profiles.
A consider of the Ophiuchus star-forming complex has advertised unused experiences into the conditions in which our possess sun based framework was born.
The discoveries of the ponder were distributed within the diary Nature Astronomy. A locale of active star arrangement within the group of stars Ophiuchus is giving stargazers modern bits of knowledge into the conditions in which our possess sun oriented framework was born
In specific, the ponder appeared how our sun based framework may have ended up improved with short-lived radioactive elements. Evidence of this enhancement prepare has been around since the 1970s when researchers considering certain mineral incorporations in shooting stars concluded that they were flawless remainders of the newborn child sun based framework and contained the rot items of short-lived radionuclides. These radioactive components seem have been blown onto the early sun powered framework by a adjacent detonating star (a supernova) or by the solid stellar winds from a sort of gigantic star known as a Wolf-Rayet star.
The creators of the unused ponder utilized multi-wavelength perceptions of the Ophiuchus star-forming locale, counting marvelous unused infrared information, to uncover intelligent between the clouds of star-forming gas and radionuclides delivered in a adjacent cluster of youthful stars. Their discoveries shown that supernovas within the star cluster are the foremost likely source of short-lived radionuclides within the star-forming clouds. “Our solar framework was most likely shaped in a mammoth atomic cloud along with a youthful stellar cluster, and one or more supernova occasions from a few enormous stars in this cluster sullied the gas which turned into the sun and its planetary system,” said co-author Douglas N. C. Lin, teacher emeritus of space science and astronomy at UC Santa Cruz. “Although this scenario has been recommended within the past, the quality of this paper is to utilize multi-wavelength perceptions and a modern factual examination to infer a quantitative estimation of the model’s probability,”
To begin with creator John Forbes at the Flatiron Institute’s Center for Computational Astronomy said information from space-based gamma-ray telescopes empower the discovery of gamma beams transmitted by the short-lived radionuclide aluminum-26. “These are challenging perceptions. Ready to only convincingly identify it in two star-forming districts, and the finest information are from the Ophiuchus complex,” he said. The Ophiuchus cloud complex contains numerous thick protostellar cores in different stages of star arrangement and protoplanetary disk improvement, speaking to the most punctual stages within the arrangement of a planetary system. By combining imaging information in wavelengths extending from millimeters to gamma beams, the analysts were able to picture a stream of aluminum-26 from the adjacent star cluster toward the Ophiuchus star-forming locale.
The enhancement handle we’re seeing in Ophiuchus is steady with what happened amid the arrangement of the sun based framework 5 billion a long time back,” Forbes said. “Once we saw this decent case of how the method might happen, we set almost attempting to demonstrate the adjacent star cluster that created the radionuclides we see nowadays in gamma beams,” he added. Forbes created a demonstrate that accounts for each enormous star that may have existed in this locale, counting its mass, age, and likelihood of detonating as a supernova, and joins the potential yields of aluminum-26 from stellar winds and supernovas. The show empowered him to decide the probabilities of distinctive scenarios for the generation of the aluminum-26 watched today. “We now have sufficient data to say that there’s a 59 per cent chance it is due to supernovas and a 68 per cent chance that it’s from numerous sources and not fair one supernova,” Forbes said.
This sort of factual investigation allots probabilities to scenarios that cosmologists have been debating for the past 50 a long time, Lin noted. “This is the modern heading for cosmology, to measure the probability,” he added. The unused discoveries moreover appeared that the sum of short-lived radionuclides consolidated into recently shaping star frameworks can shift widely. “Many unused star frameworks will be born with aluminum-26 plenitudes in line with our sun powered framework, but the variety is tremendous – a few orders of greatness,” Forbes said. “This things for the early advancement of planetary frameworks since aluminum-26 is the most early warming source. More aluminum-26 likely implies drier planets,” he added. The infrared information, which empowered the group to peer through dusty clouds into the heart of the star-forming complex, was gotten by coauthor Joao Alves at the College of Vienna as portion of the European Southern Observatory’s VISION overview of adjacent stellar nurseries utilizing the VISTA telescope in Chile
There’s nothing uncommon almost Ophiuchus as a star arrangement locale,” Alves said. “It is fair a normal setup of gas and youthful enormous stars, so our comes about ought to be agent of the improvement of short-lived radioactive components in star and planet arrangement over the Smooth Way,” he concluded. The group moreover utilized information from the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Herschel Space Observatory, the ESA’s Planck adj., and NASA’s Compton Gamma Beam Observatory.
Women self help groups is a scheme launched by indian government under the mission of National rural livelihood mission im 2011.The mission took pace around 2012-13.Bank accounts are provided by the government to these groups in which each member adds 10 rupees per week in their account to which the government provides economical support with very less interest.women can borrow loan from the group with a mere interest of 2 percent which is very low compared to the money lenders who charge 20 percent of interest.
Effect of National rural livelihood mission :- The women self help groups formed under the above mission has worked magically in the field of women empowerment.because of availability of hassle fress loans without and security encouraged women to follow their passion or start a new business.Financial access and other support has increased family incomes of each member by almost 19 percent and savings by 23 percent according to the recent reports by National rural livelihood mission.This scheme proved to be most beneficial for educated women who get extra benefits.
Success stories :- There are many cases or inspiring stories of women who started their own business in a country having very few women leaders whether they are in politics or in the field of business.Recently,Hemlata devi borrowed some amount from jai ambe swaya sahayata samooh in udaipur rajasthan to buy a pump for her farm.There was no way she could approach any bank for loan as she had nothing as security hence she approached to one of the self help groups in her district who provided her loan with mere interest of 2 percent .Because of this she could buy a pump which gave a powerful thrust to her family income and she easily returned the borrowed amount.
Benefits :- These self help groups benefitted the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes the most.the programme increased income of households to a good extent and has helped in empowering women.these groups also provide skill training like sewing to the rural people so that they can start their own tailoring shops.they also provide other training as well such as agro ecological practices.these groups boosted confidence of women hence many women started taking part in politics as well.
Conclusion :- Self help groups has empowered women of rural areas ,has provided training which are beneficiary to everyone despite their differences has motivated equality as well as provided support in the economy of their nation.No doubt SHGs has golden effects on the society and has helped in many ways in the development of their areas.A nation can be developed only if women are empowered and these groups did that.
Negotiable instrument act enacted on 9th December 1881, by Imperial Legislative Council is an act to define the law relating to negotiableinstruments.
Some imp dates and their significance for the act:
Negotiable Instrument Act (1881)
(Citation: ACT No. 26 of 1881)
1866 – The act was originally drafted.
1867- “Introduced in the council and was referred to a select committee.”
1877-“ the bill was revised by a select committee, after the lapse due to criticism by local governments , high courts and chamber of commerce.”
1880-“ By the order of secretary of state the bill was referred to new law commission as in spite of everything happened in the past bill could not reach the final stage.” The bill was redrafted.
1881- Thus after being prepared for 4 times, it was introduced in the council.
1882- Commenced on 1 March 1882.
Characteristics of Negotiable Instruments :
These are freely transferable in nature. for example; property is a negotiable instrument and it is readily transferable by a simple process of delivery..
Presumed to have been
1. made
2. accepted
3. endorsed
4. drawn
5. negotiated
6. transferred for consideration
They are easy for recovery
Independent Title: “The general principle as regards the transfer of property, that is, no
“One can give a better title than he himself has, is not applicable in case of negotiable
instruments. If the transferor had obtained a negotiable instrument by exercising fraud, but the transferee obtains that negotiable instrument in good-faith (bona-fide)
for value, then the transferee shall enjoy a good title as regards that negotiable
instrument. Thus, the title of the transferee as regards a negotiable instrument is independent of the title of
the transferor.”
“The holder who acquires the instruments hold title free from all defects.”
“Every holder of instrument is presumed to be holder in due course.”
Presumptions as to negotiable instruments: “Sections 118 and 119 of the Negotiable Instrument Act lay down certain presumptions which the court presumes in regard to negotiable instruments. In other words these presumptions need not be proved as they are presumed to exist in every negotiable instrument”. Until the contrary is proved the following presumptions shall be made in case of all negotiable instruments:
1.Consideration: “It shall be presumed that every negotiable instrument was made drawn, accepted or endorsed for consideration. It is presumed that, consideration is present in every negotiable instrument until the contrary is presumed. The presumption of consideration, 6 however may be rebutted by proof that the instrument had been obtained from, its lawful owner by means of fraud or undue influence.”
2.Date: “Where a negotiable instrument is dated, the presumption is that it has been made or drawn on such date, unless the contrary is proved.”
3. Time of acceptance: “Unless the contrary is proved, every accepted bill of exchange is presumed to have been accepted within a reasonable time after its issue and before its maturity. This presumption only applies when the acceptance is not dated; if the acceptance bears a date, it will prima facie be taken as evidence of the date on which it was made.”
4.Time of transfer: “Unless the contrary is presumed it shall be presumed that every transfer of a negotiable instrument was made before its maturity.”
5. Order of endorsement: “Until the contrary is proved it shall be presumed that the endorsements appearing upon a negotiable instrument were made in the order in which they appear thereon.”
6. Stamp: “Unless the contrary is proved, it shall be presumed that a lost promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque was duly stamped. “
7. “Holder in due course: Until the contrary is proved, it shall be presumed that the holder of a negotiable instrument is the holder in due course. Every holder of a negotiable instrument is presumed to have paid consideration for it and to have taken it in good faith. But if the instrument was obtained from its lawful owner by means of an offence or fraud, the holder has to prove that he is a holder in due course.”
Many people assume that extroverts are the ones who make great leaders. However, this is not always the case. It’s no secret that extroverted people are known for being outspoken, loud, talkative, highly social, and outgoing. They are excellent public speakers, make connections, and are quick decision makers.
Humility is not a quality you will find in many leaders. But it is what has pushed many introverts up the chain of authority. It helps them in managing people and makes them want to serve other people no matter their level.
It is this trait that makes introverts quietly confident. And they don’t boast about their accomplishments.
When faced with a problem, an introvert will persist until they get a solution. After all, the ability to solve problems is a bonus trait for any entrepreneur. Albert Einstein stated that his ability to stay with a problem longer is what made him seem smart. If you can solve problems in your business, employees will always remain productive.
3. They don’t get easily distracted.
Introverts aren’t exactly disconnected from other people and their environment, but they are better able to tune out the noise and concentrate. They draw their energy from within, and therefore they can easily focus on the task at hand without being distracted by loud conversations or other office noise.
The ability to concentrate amid distraction further enhances the qualities that make introverts great leaders to begin with. Their motivation for quality and productivity is easier to maintain, and they can focus on the needs of their team members without being sidetracked by other tasks or demands.
4. They’re Great Listeners
Because they are naturally very observant and thoughtful, introverts are also excellent listeners. Great leaders don’t just talk, they listen intently — to their employees, consumers, and anyone else around them. They’re vocal about their ideas but are also open to feedback and change. They take their employees’ ideas into consideration and really listen when they’re upset about something.
Introverts also know that listening is the key to learning…and learning is the key to growth — both as a leader and an organization.
5. Introvert leaders have deeper connections
Introverts rarely exist on the surface. Introvert leaders are likely to have fewer yet deeper connections with people. When introverts network, they don’t flit from one person to the next. That takes up too much of their energy. They are likely to spend the entire evening in the company of a small group of individuals which results in getting to know them better and forging deeper friendships that last for years. Introverts, by listening well, also build rock-solid connections that are cemented in mutual admiration and respect for each other.
6. Introvert leaders are creative
The ability to think deep helps introverts to be creative too. They observe the nature, people and patterns and apply them to leadership challenges they face and come up with creative solutions.
Conclusion
Introvert leaders tend to be strong planners and motivated by long-term goals rather than immediate rewards. Introvert leaders are also motivated by productivity and seldom by ambition. Introverts are known to be highly creative and as a result, make wonderful creative leaders who see solutions in places where others don’t and provide abstract solutions where others can’t. So, embrace your introvert self and learn to leverage the unique traits that make you a better leader.
Women of Revolutionary Movement in British India: Kalpana Dutta
Kalpana Dutta was born in 1913.
She joined the Bethune College in 1929 and around the same time she also joined Chatri Sangha.
In September of 1932, she joined the group of almost 65 people which also included Pritilata Waddedar. The group torched the European Club. But Kalpana was arrested one week prior to the attack on the European Club.
While she was imprisoned she came to know about Pritilata Waddedar’s death.
Soon she was released from jail. But in the May of 1933 she was arrested again in the Chittagoan Army Raid and sentenced to life. However she was released in 1939.
In 1940, she joined the Communist Party of India and kept engaging in revolutions against the British Raj.
She married a fellow communist leader Joshi in 1943.
Post Independence
Kalpana migrated to India and retired from active politics.
Japan is stressed that US plans to pour billions of dollars into chip fabricating to battle off China might wrap up off what’s cleared out of a Japanese semiconductor industry that once overwhelmed the world.
After “three misplaced decades”, concurring to Japan’s industry service, the country’s share of worldwide chip fabricating has fallen from a half to a tenth because it spilled clients to cheaper rivals and fizzled to preserve a lead in cutting edge production.
As China and the Joined together States, driven by a exchange war and security concerns, incline up back for the fabricating of chips that run everything from smartphones to rockets, authorities stress Japan will be pressed out altogether. “We can’t just continue what we have been doing, we have to be do something on a totally distinctive level,” previous Prime Serve Shinzo Abe told individual administering LDP party individuals in May at a to begin with party assembly to examine how the nation can be a driving advanced economy.
Authorities fear that by attracting Asian chip foundry monsters such as Taiwan’s Semiconductor Fabricating Co (TSMC) to its soil, the Joined together States might entice these firms to follow.
“It’s conceivable for companies to construct in Japan and send out, but the closer you’ll be as a provider the superior, it’s simpler to trade data,” said Kazumi Nishikawa, executive of the IT industry at METI. While the move may not come instantly, “it seem happen over the long term,” he said.
The companies Nishikawa stresses almost incorporate wafer producers Shin-Etsu Chemical and Sumco photoresist provider JSR Corp and generation apparatus builders Screen Property and Tokyo Electron. “We are continuously arranged to reply to arrangement changes in each nation,” said a representative for JSR, which makes light delicate photoresist coatings utilized for etching chips in Japan, Belgium and the Joined together States. When inquired by Reuters, none of the companies said they right now arrange to move generation to the Joined together States.
To hold them, Japan needs chip foundries that will purchase their wafers, apparatus, and chemicals, and will moreover guarantee steady supplies of semiconductors for the country’s car companies and electronic gadget makers.
TSMC, which is looking to extend abroad in the midst of concern around the potential powerlessness of its Taiwan operations to terrain China’s regional aspirations, has set up a investigate and improvement middle close Tokyo. It is additionally looking into a arrange to construct a manufacture plant in Japan.
However, its greatest foreign venture by distant could be a $12 billion (roughly Rs. 89,140 crores) plant it is developing in Arizona within the Joined together States. In a offered to keep up within the innovation race, Prime Serve Yoshihide Suga’s government in June endorsed a procedure concocted by Nishikawa’s group at METI to guarantee Japan has sufficient chips to compete in advances that will drive future financial development, counting fake insights, high-speed 5G network, and self driving vehicles. One init
Twitter on Tuesday declared a modern highlight to permit clients to hail substance that may contain deception, a flay that has as it were developed amid the pandemic. “We’re testing a highlight for you to report Tweets that appear deluding – as you see them,” the social arrange said from its security and security account.
Starting Tuesday, a button would be obvious to a few clients from the Joined together States, South Korea, and Australia to select “it’s deluding” after clicking “report tweet.” Users can at that point be more particular, hailing the deceiving tweet as possibly containing deception around “wellbeing,” “legislative issues” and “other.”
“We’re surveying on the off chance that typically an viable approach so we’re beginning little,” the San Francisco-based company said. “We may not take activity on and cannot react to each report within the experiment, but your input will offer assistance us recognize patterns so that we will move forward the speed and scale of our broader deception work.” Twitter, like Facebook and YouTube, frequently comes.
But the stage does not have the assets of its Silicon Valley neighbors, and so regularly depends on exploratory strategies that are less costly than selecting armed forces of moderators. Such endeavors have inclined up as Twitter toughened its deception rules amid the COVID-19 widespread and amid the US presidential decision between Donald Trump and Joe Biden.
For case, Twitter started blocking clients in Walk who have been cautioned five times almost spreading wrong data almost vaccines. And the organize started hailing tweets from Trump with a pennant caution of their deluding substance amid his 2020 re-election campaign, some time recently the then-president was at long last prohibited from the site for posting actuations to viciousness and messages undermining the race results. Moderators are eventually dependable for deciding which substance really damages Twitter’s terms of utilize, but the arrange has said it trusts to inevitably utilize a framework that depends on both human and mechanized ana
Trees are a fundamental piece of our current circumstance There can be no question about the helpfulness of trees. We need oxygen for living and trees to give us oxygen. Trees cause precipitation and in this way forestall the spread of desert. Trees save our property from disintegration and keep up with the fruitfulness of the dirt. Trees give us conceal. Trees give us food. We get crops and diverse heavenly and succulent organic products from trees. Trees offer sanctuary to numerous creatures, creepy crawlies, and birds. Thusly, trees assist with keeping up with natural equilibrium. We likewise get numerous items like wood, leaves, elastic, gum, aroma nectar and so forth from trees. Paper is produced using Wood and bamboo. We use wood as fuel and furthermore need it for making things like houses, boats, and furniture. Trees make our reality lovely. It is extremely enchanting to take a gander at trees. Yet, the world is losing its trees in enormous sum each year. We cut a great deal of trees and annihilate many woodlands for making new houses and for getting more Wood. In the event that this pattern proceeds, there won’t be sufficient trees for keeping up with biological equilibriums. Numerous nations are now transforming into deserts because of the enormous cutting of trees. Numerous types of birds and creatures have additionally gotten terminated for need of food and natural surroundings after the obliteration of woods. Consequently it has become a crisis to plant more trees. In India, the rainy season is the best an ideal opportunity for the estate of trees. We can plant trees in any open spots, around our homes, places of business, production lines, schools universities, and emergency clinics. We ought to likewise plant trees on one or the other side of the streets and in every single accessible spot.
Numerous of us have transferred our lives to the web. Managing an account, work emails, social media, dating profiles, therapeutic records – all that imperative, touchy data. So it could be a small perturbing that the web features a lethal security imperfection.
Don’t freeze; our private data is safe for presently. But some time recently exceptionally long the encryption calculations that ensure us online are attending to crack. That is the pressing driving drive behind a modern, more secure kind of web that saddles the control of the quantum domain. Once up and running, the framework will be able to do a parcel more than ensure our data.
It could bring us unanticipated quantum apps, and possibly gotten to be the platform for a world-spanning quantum computer of extraordinary power. Building the quantum web could be a colossal and multi-faceted building challenge, but the establishments are as of now being laid. Systems of filaments are spreading. Researchers are chatting in mystery on neighborhood systems. There are indeed plans to utilize minor satellites to empower long-dist
An unforgettable era, which can not be captured on a camera!!
College life is a story captured in a paperistic picta. It is like the save button to a mind’s eye. The black-white days have their beauty of ugly faces but this phase adds color to the journey. Even after living in a world mixed with sour and sweet people, this makes the heart to beat a little faster, the body to feel a little more pleasure, and the soul to rejoice a little longer!!
Every click is perfect with its imperfections. Blurry, abrupt, random, odd, and accidental snaps are what this time is all about. The slideshow from that first unknown hi to the known goodbye outlines the whole adventure of casual wear, crowded canteens, cool teachers, hilarious talks, loud giggles, bunking lectures, graduation, farewells, and the drift.
Every year many silly people graduate the college.
But this year was a little unusual.
This is coming from the one who has never been to college ever before. I have heard stories from everyone around me, saying ‘this is the best moment where you not only explore yourself but also the real world.’ But why does my college feels not the same as theirs? Am I not born lucky? Why do I see the screens instead of blackboards?
It was the day of summer when a deadly virus entered our region and took control of each and everything around it. Since then, the rule of ‘no mobiles in class’ changed to ‘only mobiles and not you.’ Our hands were filled with devices, rooms with assignments, faces with masks, and days with the lockdown. This time it’s not classrooms but google meet, exams but no papers, festivals but no celebrations.
It’s a tough time for both warriors and survivors to sit inside a room for days with taunting parents, not seeing friends for days, missing the old memories, and facing tragic situations have made this age even harder than before. Although, it is good in every mood. Even after all this, we learned many good skills without paying any bills, introspected ourselves without ringing the best friend’s doorbell, and spent time with kin without acting mean.
We take different paths in life, but no matter where we go, we take a little part of each other everywhere.
Women of Revolutionary Movement in British India: Aruna Asaf Ali
Aruna Asaf Ali(1909-1996) was an Indian educator, political activist and publisher who actively participated in Indian Independence Movement.
She was a member of Congress Socialist Party, factions within the Congress Party for activists that had socialist-leaning.
She was jailed for actively engaging in the Salt Satyagraha and remained in jail till 1931. She was imprisoned several times over the course of her lifetime.
Aruna Asaf Ali, popularly known as the ‘Grand Old Lady’ of the Independence Movement, is known for hoisting the Indian flag at Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement.
Post Independence
She served as Delhi’s first Mayor.
Later she left the Congress Socialist Party to join the Communist Party of India(CPI).
NGO (Non Governmental Organization) came into use in 1945 .According to the UN,all private bodies which are free from government control are known as NGO.Voluntary organizations with no profit making objective were active in health,disaster relief,cultural promotion as early as medieval era.they proliferated during british empire working to improve social welfare.Many organizations like Friend in need socity(1857), Arya samaj(1875), National council for women in india (1875) emerged during the second half of 19th century as self help emerged as primary objective of socio political movements.When mahatma gandhi returned he identified poverty as major issue and hence focused on developing with available local resources. Concept of voluntary organisations is not new to india.time to time many voluntary organisations emerged each focusing on important things of their time.
Role of NGOs :-
Voluntary organisations can prove themselves as a very helpful hand to the government in order to develop an area or a nation.voluntary organisation have deep roots among the people they know their issues and people love them as they seek no profit for them.NGOs and government working together can develop an area at an exponential rate as these organisations know the root problems that people are facing and have comparatively very low corruption unlikely the government.The only thing they lack is power however government has taken measure so that NGOs can work with government to achieve great results like there are scheme which provide these NGOs permission to use resources directly for rural development.
Some of the major objectives of NGOs in the present world are listed as follows Objectives of NGO in rural areas :-
To establish a proper communication between the people and government
To motivate people through social media to help poor people in rural areas 3.To help people in need with fund raising movements for different causes like health issues ,shelter etc.
To establish camps in order to provide basic medicines 5.to organise programs teaching rural people new skills for their livelihood
Looking at the work quality of these organisations new five year plan was given to these NGOs focusing on rural development by the government.with each tenure new opportunities emerge and these NGOs work amazingly because if their direct connection with people in developing areas.With time NGOs in rural india is growing,so now they are hiring experts to help in solving different issues.
Few famous NGOs in india:-
Garima samajh vikas sansthan :- Woks primarily in the domain of Gender, education ,food etc.
2.Anahita foundation :- Established in 2009 works with the single minded focus of empowering rural india
3.Batika :- Works in the field of sustainable development of rural india
Centre for education and social development :- Works in the area of advocacy and research, art and culture,nutrition,legal aid etc
5.Akruti :- Provides special education,health and vocation training to people with disabilities
Conclusion :- NGOs in rural areas works in many inaccessible areas to provide basic needs to people They not only work as gap fillers but also as a failure mechanism if anything wrong happens in any rural areas.they work among the people and with the government strengthening the society and developing the area .they provide training related to agriculture help people during adverse weather provides food if needed hence we can conclude that NGOs has worked efficiently in rural development and hence are very important for further development as they are the bridge between the rural people and government.
Financial literacy and financial markets are rapidly changing,with developments in technology and new and more complex financial products.From different kind of loans to mortgages,the range of financial products people have to chose from has changes drastically from what it was in the past.the exponential hrwoth in fintech(financial technology) is revolutionizing the way people take financial decisions.Ability to effectively manage money and taking financial decisions in order to become financially self sustainable is known as financial literacy.
The OECD( organisation for economic cooperation and development)defines financial literacy not only as the knowledge of risks and management but also the skills.What does financial literacy involve:-From keeping tracks and understanding when to spend money how to spend money so that it does not have any negative impact on one’s life comes under financial literacy. Importance of financial literacy in a farmer’s life :- Financial literacy enables a farmer to develop a budgetary guide to distinguish what he owes,what he buys and what he spends.This can help them in becoming independent and self sufficient instead of debtors to banks or someone.
Understanding your money and knowing basic principles can prevent farmers from fraud as it will help them with foreseeing risks and argue with anyone learned and well informed.Hurdles in farmer’s way to achieve self sustainability :-Financial literacy can help farmers in many ways, but in india ,most of the farmers are illiterate who dont know how to read,never went to school hence they dont know basics things such as calculating interest adding amounts which plays a very big role in their lives.Because of lack of proper knowledge farmers usually become victims of fraud by money lenders.Money lenders charge a very hight amount of interest which is illegal but many farmers dont know that.Not only this there are many cases when a money lender charges money even though farmers have already paid it . There are many cases in india where farmers hang themselves to tree , burns themselves only because they get trapped in a debt trap and they dont know how to come out of it. There are cases like sanjeev bhatnagar vs union of india 2006, related to this matter but evern supreme court couldn’t do much then asking governments for reasons behind deaths and ordering them to take proper steps. So farmer have tk become self sustainable so that they can prevent themselves and their families from these.And to achieve this the only way is financial literacySolution :- Government should organise specialised programs at every panchayat where trained teachers can teach farmers about 1.Calculating interest to a given amount
2. Managing credit debit system
3. Different places from where they can get low interest loans
4.How to spend money and manage bills so that they dont have to face negative impacts.
5.Asset management. Risk managementThey can also teach them skills and how to apply them because there is no use of knowledge if you dont know how to apply it and where.With proper knowledge and understanding of credit debit system farmers can provide a major help in the growth of economy of india . No farmer will end up having a day with no food,no money or loss of thier land. This will be a concrete step towards the converting our developing nation into developed nation
Women of Revolutionary Movement in British India: Bina Das
Bina Das(1911-1986) was an Indian revolutionary and nationalist from West Bengal.
She was a member of the Chatri Sangha revolutionary society, a semi-revolutionary organization for the women in Kolkata.
After 1928 session of the Congress, Bina joined a circle of revolutionaries whose leader was Bhupal Bose.
In 1932, she marked herself into history by attempting to shoot the Governor of Bengal, Stanley Jackson, in the Convocation Hall of the University of Calcutta, where she was to receive her degree. She was caught and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment.
After her early release in 1939, Das joined the Congress party.
In 1942, she participated in the Quit India movement and was imprisoned again till 1945.
Later she became the secretary of the South Kolkata Congress Committee.
Post Independence
She won the Padma Shri award in 1960 for her Social work.
Bina wrote two autobiographical accounts in Bengali: Shrinkhal Jhankar and Pitridhan.
Network Engineers design, develop, install, test, and maintain networks that link computers, peripherals (fax machines, printers, modems), communication equipment (telephones, cellular phones), and video equipment (cameras, VCRs) using cabling methods of wireless transmissions and software.
Sharing is the basic reason that networks exist. Through networks, the greatest number of users can access applications, hardware, and information and thereby, attain cost-saving, efficiency, and widened communication.
Ask ten different people what networking is and you may get as many as ten different answers. A person’s definition of networking probably depends upon their use of this important personal and professional activity. However, whether your network is to make new friends, find a new job, develop your current career, explore new career options, obtain referrals or sales leads, or simply broaden your professional horizons, it is important to focus on networking as an exchange of information, contacts or experience.
Computer networks enable communication for every business, entertainment, and research purpose. The internet, online search, email, audio and video sharing, online commerce, live-streaming, and social networks all exist because of computer networks.
Education
Although a 4-year degree in Engineering is the routine educational preparation, it is becoming increasingly necessary for certain certification of network-related competency. Several network hardware and software vendors after certification programs that at least an individual’s basic network knowledge or specialized knowledge of that company’s products.
There are three to four companies well known for their educational courses. Microsoft offers several courses for a network engineer link Microsoft Certified Professional, Microsoft Certified Professional Internet, Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer, Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer Internet, or Microsoft Solution Developer.The most highly regarded of them all is CISCO systems.
It offers a course containing three levels, the lowest level of certification is Cisco Certified Network Associate, secondly Cisco Certificate Network Professional, and ultimately, Cisco Certified Interwork Expert Certification.
Identify the Networking Engineering Path You Want
Once you’ve gained entry-level IT experience, you need to identify your career path. Networking engineering careers and positions vary widely depending on the industry, company, and technology.
If you’re just starting, here’s a list of some of the networking jobs available:
Network Specialist
Network Administrator
Network Technician
Network Analyst
Network Manager
Network Engineer
Network Solutions Architect
What is a job of a Network Engineer?
The aim is to ensure the integrity of high availability network infrastructure to provide maximum performance for your users.
Network engineers enable data to pass between computers in a network to aid communication between users.
Consult with key users/customers concerning the design and maintenance of their networks.
Monitoring the daily performance of the network infrastructure including cable lines, hubs, servers, and satellites/towers.
Resolve hardware and software problems, bugs and deficiencies, and customer router and circuit outages.
Report network operational status by gathering and prioritizing information and managing projects.
Maximize network performance by monitoring performance, troubleshooting network problems and outages, scheduling upgrades, and collaborating with network architects on network optimization.
Undertake data network fault investigations in local and wide-area environments using information from multiple sources.
Secure network systems by establishing and enforcing policies, and defining and monitoring access.
Support and administer firewall environments in line with IT security policy.
Importance of rural education in india India is a country with a population of 135 crores.According to reports by world bank in 2020, 65 percent of indian population resides in rural areas.With such a huge population living in rural areas,rural education in india becomes important not only to eradicate poverty and illiteracy,but also for a variety of social ,economic as well as cultural and political reasons. In 1947 when india became independent policy makers realized the importance of education.Education is considered as the most strong weapon to improve community development as well as initiate social alterations in the world.For a nation ,education in urban as well as rural areas plays a huge role in growth of country . Although education in urban areas of india has progressed rapidly , there are places where still education is not a priority. It is mandatory for the government to teach people about the importance of education,about the benefits of education and why it should be enforced even in most remote places.
Benefits of education :-
In political system of rural india,it is necessary for rural people to be educated so that they can understand the programs and principles in a much better way and hence elect worthy representatives.
Villages in india plays major part in the economical growth of the country by producing agricultural, industrial as well as other goods.For this it is necessary to have an understanding of the global economy as it is the international price movement of goods which regulate their quantity and price.for that its important for rural masses to be educated.
With time and introduction of modern gadgets culture is also advancing at a rapid rate. To handle and utilize the benefits of these advanced gadgets whether it is for agriculture or daily life education is a prequisite.For example,a rural farmer must be educated in order to learn how to use harvesters , fertilizers, threshers etc. Education can affect the intellectual life of people and make them contribute in the advancement of society.
Indian constitution provides several rights and principles to citizen such as right to education,right to speak,right to information . To understand the significance and functioning of these right modern education becomes must.
Thus we can understand that rural education not only helps in the rural development but it helps in the overall progress and development of the nation.
Thus many steps were taken time to time in order to enhance level of education by the government.many programs were organised to enlighten the people,many schemes were launched in order to attract people of rural areas having low income . Scheme launched by indian government :-
Samagra shiksha is an scheme launched by indian government to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education
Since the inception of erstwhile centrally sponsored scheme in 2001, 3.18 lakh school building,18.8 lakh additional classrooms,2.3 laks water facilities were constructed.
Mid day meal was started to attract poor families and encourage them fo send their children to schools.
Based on national achievement survey,2017 was conducted to identify and design strategies to reduce the gaps. 5.section of 23(2) of the RTE Act has been amended to extend the period of untrained in-service elementary teachers.
6.NIOS has been entrusted to organise trainings as well as D.El.Ed was started to ensure quality of teachers.
The term child labor is used when a child is involved into doing a work which is mentally, physically , socially or morally harmful and dangerous to a child and also deprives them of a better childhood and schooling opportunities forcing them to leave the opportunities they have and mature earlier than they should.
The Child Labor Act 1986:
Government has enacted the Child Labor (Prohibition & Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016 which came into force. The Amendment Act completely prohibits the employment of children below 14 years. The amendment also prohibits the employment of adolescents in the age group of 14 to 18 years in hazardous occupations and processes and regulates their working conditions where they are not prohibited. The amendment also provides stricter punishment for employers for violation of the Act and making the offence of employing any child or adolescent in contravention of the Act by an employer as cognizable.
The main objective of this act was to ensure, no involvement of children who have not completed the age of 14 in certain occupations.
The Act also prohibits employment of child in about 13 occupations and 51 processes. The constitution of India in the article 24 under right against exploitation also mentions for prohibition for employment of children in factories and other unorganized sector.
A lot of efforts were put in by PN Bhagwati and V.R. Krishna Iyer to get this litigation into running and in action.
The Path-breaking and Landmark Case of MC Mehta V. State of Tamil Nadu:
The case started with a PIL which was filed by Mr. MC Mehta, alleging that many children were being employed in several hazardous industries more particularly in the firecracker and matchstick industry in Sivkasi in Tamil Nadu.
What held in the court:
A committee was appointed by the Supreme Court of India to visit the site and to prepare a report keeping all the different aspects in concern.
The committee after the submission of the report on November 11,1991 , gave suggestions that the state of Tamil Nadu should be directed that no child should be employed in hazardous and damaging industries of any kind. They also suggested another premise for them to not work more than 6 hours. Proper transport and education facilities should be provided in or around the factory.
It was also recommended to start a national commission on children’s welfare to prepare a scheme for the abolition of child labour.
The case is a landmark case and is so important because it introduces a lot of reforms and amendments in the child labor act 1986 and the case threw light on Child labor as a major issue.
Some of the provisions after the MC Mehta Case are:
The provisions introduced as an after effect of the case were:
Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. – No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment. 39€. That the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength.
Article 39(f) -Children should be given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner, in conditions of freedom and dignity and childhood should be protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.
Article 41 – Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.- The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want.
Article 45 – Provision for free and compulsory education for children.- The State shall endeavor to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.
The iPhone vs. Android debate rages on, especially as Apple and Google prepare for another big annual release with iOS 15 and Android12, respectively. While you can turn to a number of companies to buy one of the best phones, whatever you get is guaranteed to be running one of the two prominent mobile OSs: iOS (if you pick an iPhone) or Android (if you opt for anything else).
Both platforms are quite mature at this stage, having existed for more than a decade. That means both have amassed comprehensive feature sets, and there’s very little one can do that the other cannot. Still, however, each has its advantages, and there are reasons you might want to choose one over the other.
iPhone vs Android: Why iPhone is better
This might seem like a shallow reason, but Apple obviously makes a wide breadth of tech products, and if you already own a Mac, iPad or Apple Watch, getting an iPhone makes a lot of sense.
Apple has designed a multitude of continuity features that allow you to carry over work and data from one of its devices to another, and these features can certainly save you time. Take Handoff, for example, where calls on your iPhone and web pages in Safari can move seamlessly between iOS and macOS. Universal Clipboard makes text copied on one platform usable on the other. Another one of our favorites is Continuity Camera, which allows you to take pictures and scan documents using your iPhone’s camera, and then view and edit them on your Mac. You can even complete purchases on your Mac by using biometric authentication features on your iPhone via Apple Pay.
Only a handful of Android phone makers have hardware ecosystems that approach Apple’s, and even for some that come close, like Samsung, you won’t get the depth of integration possible between the iPhone and other Apple-built devices. Microsoft is helping Google close the gap somewhat with its new Your Phone app for Windows, which allows Android users to respond to texts and notifications on their PCs, though the experience is a little clunky and there is still work to be done.
There are many other great examples of continuity across iOS, iPadOS, watchOS and macOS — and the iPhone is a critical component in that puzzle, especially now that iPhone apps can be seamlessly ported to macOS. Power users already immersed in Apple’s ecosystem can stand to gain a lot by adding an iPhone to their repertoire. And that’s to say nothing of friends and family members who prefer to use iMessage and FaceTime to keep in touch.
Additionally, Apple has added yet another opportunity for lock-in with the new iPhone 12 and iPhone12 Pro: MagSafe accessories. These magnet-based chargers, cases and products will work only with the latest iPhones, so if you invest in the platform, it’s going to cause some friction should you try to leave.
The third-party apps are just better.
This one is definitely down to personal preference, but as someone who has jumpedback and forth between iOS and Android as long as both platforms have existed, I’ve been consistently blown away by thequality of apps built by iOS developers, and mostly disappointed in their Android counterparts.
Don’t get me wrong — there’s great software and developers on Android, but they’re harder to find, in my experience. One of our favorite Twitter apps, Tweetbot 5, is an iOS exclusive, for example; by contrast, one of the best third-party Twitter apps we’ve encountered on Android, Fenix 2, strongly pales in comparison. One of our staff members, Henry T. Casey, loves using Bear to compose blog posts on his Mac and iPhone, but we’ve struggled to find a note-taking app on Android as comprehensive and slick. However, I have a markdown editor on Android that I prefer to anything on iOS.
You may even find that apps from established companies, ranging from banks to airlines, are a bit smoother and cleaner on iOS than Android, with better integration with the phone’s core services, like Wallet. (Google Pay is only now starting to catch on with many airlines.) And don’t even get me started on how slow and buggy Snapchat is on Android.
There’s a bigger selection of accessories.
Walk into any Best Buy or Target, and you’ll find aisles of cases for every iPhone that Apple makes — something that certainly cannot be said for the Android contingent outside of flagship devices from the biggest companies. Once you get past the semi-healthy selection of products made for the latest Galaxy S device, you’re out of luck. Don’t bother expecting a choice of accessories for your new Pixel or LG handset at any brick-and-mortar retailer. Sure, you could go online and snag a $4 case off of Amazon, but then you’re guaranteed to get what you pay for.
The selection and availability of iPhone cases, screen protectors, car mounts and other goodies is simply far greater than you’ll find for any other phone, and that’s more important than most people realize. Recently, I used a Pixel 3 and then Pixel 4 as my daily driver. As someone who likes to regularly switch up my phone’s case to keep it feeling fresh, I’ve been extremely disappointed with the lack of options for Google’s handsets. iPhone owners will never have that problem.
Education and student life at Semmelweis University during the coronavirus pandemic
Reactions to the novel coronavirus/COVID-19 have caused a great many changes to daily life in recent days. One group particularly affected by these changes is high school students. They are facing challenges this year that have never happened before on this scale.
HOW HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ARE AFFECTED BY SCHOOL CLOSURES
School provides structure and routine to the lives of students. Following the routine of getting up at a certain time, going to classes at specific times and coming home at a certain time provides a sense of normalcy in their lives. The predictability of knowing that third period math class follows second period history class allows students’ brains to focus on academic content. Expectations for behavior and academic performance are known and familiar. When schools closed earlier this month students lost this structure and routine. Many were sent home with packets of assignments to complete but it is up to them to decide when and in what order they will do the assignments. At first, this greater amount of freedom and choice feels good – “Finally I get to decide what I want to do!” In short time though, it is easy to fall behind, to be distracted by other more desirable options (Netflix, video games, social media), or to become bored.For most students school isn’t just about academics, it is also about social interactions. Many friendships started by sitting next to each other in class. The highlight of a student’s day might be walking down a certain hallway between fifth and sixth period because that’s when she can reliably expect to see the person she has a crush on. Groups of friends eat lunch together every day. Through their interactions with teachers and other school personnel young people learn to interact with non-family authority figures. In the hallways and classrooms of their school, young people are exposed to a variety of different cultures, perspectives and ways of living that may be different than their own.Extracurricular activities were also affected by school closures. Many students enjoy participating in sports, music, school plays, robotics and a variety of other activities. Participation in these activities helps students to be more attractive applicants to colleges, universities and future employers. More importantly though, participation in these activities is an important part of students’ identities. They provide a “tribe” of others with whom a common interest and skill set is shared.
Coronavirus Impacts on Students and Online Learning
College students continue to grapple with the educational fallout of the pandemic.School closures exacerbate issues of digital access and other inequities.More and more students report feeling stressed and anxious due to COVID-19.Students on and off campus will navigate colleges’ shifting plans well into 2021.
College students continue to grapple with the educational fallout of the pandemic.
School closures exacerbate issues of digital access and other inequities.
More and more students report feeling stressed and anxious due to COVID-19.
Students on and off campus will navigate colleges’ shifting plans well into 2021.
With the pandemic, schools rushed to fill gaps in their online infrastructures. Finding the money and experts to make those upgrades presented a hurdle, though. According to Melissa Venable, an online education advisor for BestColleges, “There aren’t enough instructional designers and other learning support specialists to go around right now. These offices have not been a priority at all colleges and universities.”
If ad hoc digital solutions don’t work for students and teachers, the experience could stymie online education’s future growth. “This quick and mandatory shift may reinforce the most challenging aspects, leading some instructors to be less likely to adopt online education in the future,” Venable said.
Ramping up online education under present circumstances may not be ideal, but as Venable notes, “The focus is not about experimenting with technology, but an emergency response.” The digital systems that colleges build to support students now will outlast the coronavirus and inform the digital approach to higher education going forward. Successes could even galvanize colleges to expand online offerings.
Dozens of colleges have already announced a marked change for spring 2021: no spring break.
Ways to Relieve Stress in these Unprecedented TimesI
mprove Your Diet:
Eat low carb diets.
Consume vegetables regularly (broccoli & spinach are good options to build resilience against infections).
Intake fruits rich in beta carotene, ascorbic acid & other essential vitamins.
Consume herbs like garlic, Basel leaves and black cumin as it helps in boosting immunity.
Munch on nuts and seeds like flaxseed, pumpkin seeds and melon seeds as they are excellent sources of protein and vitamin E.
Intake probiotics like Yoghurt, Butter Milk, Yakult and other fermented food.
Exercise Regularly
A good diet should be followed by a good exercise of 30 to 45 minutes. The best way to make exercising fun is to pair it with music
.
Take a Good Sleep
Research by the National Sleep Foundation says that teenagers need 8-10 hours of sleep a night to stay fresh and healthy.
Stay Positive
One can stay positive by identifying something that he/she enjoyed or found to be beautiful. Listen to stories about people being kind and helpful. Don’t spread or listen to the news that came to you through unauthentic resources.
COVID-19’s impact on education in India: It’s not all bad news
The current year presented some new challenges to each industry; it not just forced people to change business cycle, lifestyle but had a deep impact on daily activities which people do to live their life and are considered as basic necessities.Education, especially the task of going to a school is one such activity which used to be done on a regular basis in the pre-Covid era, and it is one activity which was an integral part of the daily routine of each parent who has school-going children.Now, as we are approaching the end (hopefully) of Covid-19, it is the right time to take a pause and reflect on what impact Covid left on the student’s achievements and what it may mean for educators
COVID-19 in India: Education disrupted and lessons learned
India, 320 million students have been affected by COVID-19 school closures, and though the government quickly recommended shifting to “online teaching,” this ignores India’s immense digital divide—with embedded gender and class divides. The 2017-18 National Sample Survey reported only 23.8 percent of Indian households had internet access. In rural households (66 percent of the population), only 14.9 percent had access, and in urban households only 42 percent had access. And males are the primary users: 16 percent of women had access to mobile internet, compared to 36 percent of men. Young people’s access is even less: A recent news report stated only 12.5 percent of students had access to smartphones. Furthermore, most teachers are ill-equipped for online teaching.
Using digital volunteers to teach in a limited environment
Once these basic needs were taken care of, teachers then used whatever digital means were available to teach their students. Teachers galvanized an army of digital volunteers in the communities tasked with sharing the information on their devices to students without access to technology. To reach those low-tech students, teachers used voice messages, text messages, and phone calls. For high-tech students (i.e. with smartphones), teachers sent longer videos and used WhatsApp groups for discussions. To reach girls, most of whom had no access to phones, teachers even called fathers to ask how they were doing and to enlist their support for their daughters’ education. So far, the majority of fathers have responded positively, demonstrating how this crisis might be a great opportunity to develop positive relationships with fathers that improve their daughters’ education and well-being.
After World War -II, as the Indian Army returned to barracks and took stock of the new situations, the Indian polity and its people strived hard for independence. Various meetings were held between the British Government in India and political leaders, and plans were chalked out for not just independence but also for the division of the sub continent on communal lines into two distinct countries – India and Pakistan. This theory did not have many takers, especially amongst those people likely to be displaced. As a result, during 1946-47 communal riots and violence of unprecedented proportions swept throughout India.
The partition came into effect on 15 August 1947, when India gained independence. Pakistan declared independence a day earlier. At the time of independence the old Indian Army stood divided between Pakistan and India. The active strength of the Army along with countrywide movable and immovable assets was shared under a complicated scheme, supervised by a British presence in the form of a Supreme Headquarters.Instead of large scale celebrations, riots and mass killing between Hindus and Muslims in Punjab and Bengal intensified. It also led to acute suffering and misery of the displaced people, apart from colossal loss of precious human lives and destruction of property due to communal riots and retribution. The level of violence had reached civil war proportions and had to be contained rapidly. It was a grave price to pay for India’s independence, although the Armed Forces of both India and Pakistan provided yeoman service in arresting further bloodshed and ensuring smooth exchange of service personnel opting for either India or Pakistan.The Punjab Boundary Force came into being for this thankless task. It had elements of the Armies of both countries spread thinly on the ground, and was hard put to contain the increasing levels of violence. This was to be the last time that the old Indian Army deployed jointly as one body. After six weeks of continuous violence, peace gradually returned.While consolidating the loosely federated Princely States and Indian Provinces into one homogeneous entity, some initial difficulties were encountered. Except for three, most of the 566 odd Princely States merged with India in accordance to the laid down directives.The three troublesome states were Junagadh (now in Gujarat), Hyderabad (now in Andhra Pradesh) and Jammu and Kashmir. While Junagarh remained indecisive, Hyderabad and Jammu and Kashmir bought time to merge with India by signing a ‘Standstill Agreement’ valid for one year.To quell internal strife and facilitate smooth merger the Indian Army and police forces had to be employed in Junagadh and subsequently in Hyderabad, but much before Jammu and Kashmir could exercise its option, armed Pakistani frontier tribesmen along with Pakistan’s regular troops invaded the State in October 1947 with a view to annex it.Pakistani troops soon crossed over into Kashmir to precipitate an undeclared war with India. Before describing the war an understanding of the topography of the state may be necessary.
The provincial subdivision of Kashmir followed geographical features. The lofty Pir Panjal range, running roughly east to west with heights varying from 2500 to 4500 meters, divides the valley from Jammu region. Further towards the east, running from north to south, lies the Great Himalayan Range comprising heights above 5000 meters, which divides Ladakh from both the Valley and Jammu region.
North of the Valley and Ladakh lies Gilgit, Hunza and Baltistan, also known as the Northern Territories. Mainland India was linked to the Valley by a fair-weather road from Pathankot, across the 2,700 meter high Banihal Pass to Srinagar. A mountainous trade route also existed between Manali (in present-day Himachal) and Leh, the district headquarters of Ladakh. Other major routes into the Valley as well as to the northern areas run through what is now Pakistan.
The strategy employed by Pakistan to annex the state was ingenious. It was expected that before India reacted, possession of Jammu and Kashmir would constitute law. In this game plan Pakistan came within a whisker of success. With the Northern Territories overrun by 30 July 1947, by 26 October elements of the main columns were at Baramulla, 50 kilometers from Srinagar, raping and looting along the way.
This point lay beyond the Shyok valley and rested on the lower slopes of Saltoro range, an offshoot of Karakoram Range. It was added that the Line thereafter ran northwards towards the glaciers, of which there existed a surfeit. Here lay the seeds of a future conflict between India and Pakistan, the battleground being the highest glacier region in the world.This war along with its political fallout holds enormous importance for Indian Army and the nation as a whole. Despite the accession of the state, a part of Kashmir, known as Pakistan Occupied Kashmir, remains under the illegal control of Pakistan, and this has remained a contentious issue for India ever since, affecting subsequent Indo Pak relations. That apart, the Kashmir war gave the Indian Army its first experience of high altitude operations amidst snow, ice and extreme cold conditions.
Machine learning is the branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In AI, the machines are designed to simulate human behavior. Whereas in machine learning, the machines are allowed to learn from the past data without programming explicitly. Any technology user in today’s world has benefitted from machine learning. It is a continuously growing field and hence provides several opportunities to the research industries. In machine learning, tasks are classified into broad categories. Two of the most adopted machine learning categories are supervised learning and unsupervised learning. In supervised learning, the machines train the algorithms based on the sample input and output labeled by the humans. It uses patterns to predict values on additional unlabeled data. In unsupervised learning, the machine trains the algorithm with no labeled data. It will find the structure within its input data. As a field, machine learning deals with data, so having a piece of knowledge in statistics will be useful in better understanding concepts.
WHY MACHINE LEARNING?
It develops systems that can automatically adapt and customize themselves according to the individuals.
It can be a key for unlocking the value of corporate and customer data which in turn helps the company to stay ahead of the competition.
For growing data and the different available data, the computational process is cheaper and faster and provides affordable storage.
By using algorithms to build models, organizations can make better decisions without human intervention.
Relationships and correlations can be hidden in a large amount of data. Machine learning will help find these relationships.
As technology keeps changing, it is difficult to continuously redesign the system by hand.
In some cases like medical diagnostics, the amount of data available about certain tasks might be too large for explicitly encoding by humans.
VARIOUS FIELDS THAT USES MACHINE LEARNING:
GOVERNMENT: By using machine learning systems, the prediction of potential future scenarios and adapting rapid changes becomes easy for government officials. Machine learning helps to improve cybersecurity and cyber intelligence. It also helps by reducing the failure rates of the project.
HEALTHCARE: The use of sensors to predict the pulse rate, heartbeats, sugar levels, sleeping patterns helps the doctors to assess their patient’s health in real-time. It provides real-time data from past surgeries and past medical records which will improve the accuracy of the surgical robot tools. Some of the benefits are avoidance of human errors and will be helpful during complex surgeries.
MARKETING AND SALES: The marketing sector has been revolutionized since the arrival of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. It has increased customer satisfaction by 10%. E-commerce and social media sites use machine learning to analyze the things that you are interested in and help in suggesting similar products to you based on your past habits. It has greatly helped in increasing the sales of e-shopping sites.
TRANSPORTATION: Through deep learning, machine learning, has explored the complex interactions of highways, traffic roads, accident-prone areas, crashes, environmental changes, and so on. It helped in traffic control management by providing results from the past day. So, the company can able to get their raw materials without any delay and supply their finished goods to the market inefficient time.
FINANCE: The insights produced by machine learnings helps the investors to give a clear picture of risk and the right time for investment and helps to identify the high-risk clients and signs of fraudulent areas. It helps in analyzing the stock market movement to give financial recommendations. Machine learning also helps to be aware of the risks in the finance department.
MANUFACTURING: Machine learning has helped to improve productivity in the industrial field. It helps in the expansion of product and service lines due to mass production in a short time. Improved quality control with insights helps to improve the product’s quality. Ability to meet the customer’s new needs. Prediction helps to find risks and reduces the cost of production.
Thus in today’s world, machine learning is implemented in several fields to complete the work faster and cheaper. The machine should be able to do all the works that man can do and machine learning will help to achieve this goal.
Peace is a stress-free state of security and calmness that comes when there’s no fighting or war, everything coexisting in perfect harmony and freedom. … After a war, two countries may sign a peace treaty, agreeing to not fight anymore.
A PEACEFUL LIFE.
A peaceful life is a life that is lived with a balanced harmony inside you, and around you. It means that you feel content with whatever is going on in your life or around you, and nothing, no one can disturb this inner peace of yours.
Living a peaceful life is about being in harmony with yourself and the surrounding world. Peace begins from within, and once your mind is at ease, you will start to see the effects in everything that surrounds you. Being at peace doesn’t mean you have a perfect life. Instead, it is how you deal with everything around you. Controlling your fears, respecting others, and not letting the small things get to you are the stepping stones towards leading a happy, healthy life. Once you are on the journey, peace will find you soon enough!
In this modern era, we live such a fast-paced life that stopping to take a moment seems like a dream to many. Our day starts with a list of tasks, and we spend our time burning through the to-do list, only to start over the next day. This daily grind has detached us from the ground realities of life, and most people live their lives with no sense of what’s essential for them.
Life is more than just work and responsibilities, and trust me; it is possible to create a peaceful life if you set your priorities straight. When you actively make time for what’s important, you will feel a fog lifting from your head, and you will find that life is more than a to-do list! It may not be immediately apparent to you how to make these changes, but we got you covered. Let’s go over a few simple suggestions that you can practice every day to get a happy and peaceful life.
A peaceful life is something worth striving for if you:Feel infinitely calm and happy no matter what is happening around you.Like the idea of living without fear, anger, or fixation on material things.
Are tired or feeling exhausted by life problems.Feel like there’s more to life than just a never-ending chase of temporary “highs” (ways to satisfy our human nature).
7 ways to live a peaceful life.
1) Lower Your Expectations It is natural for anyone to feel frustrated and disappointed when something doesn’t turn out as expected. If you want to live a peaceful life, you have to lower your expectations and suppress the urge to control everything around you. When you stop anticipating every possibility and live life on a day-to-day basis, your life will dramatically become more peaceful. You will finally stop staying up every night worrying about a business deal or the new job and focus on what matters.
2) Don’t Lose Yourself From the day we are born, we are supposed to follow the footsteps laid for us by others and live the ‘ideal life.’ Go to school, get a job, find the love of your life, and strive for greatness till your last day. However, it is very easy to lose yourself in the process! You may become so focused on chasing the dream life that you forget your own passions.Instead, take a good look at your life and see whether you are on the path set for you by others? If you desire a peaceful life, start by living life on your terms. Chase your dreams, quit the job you hate, or get enrolled in college even if you think it’s too late. A decision that takes you closer to your goal will bring you more peace than you can imagine! woman taking pictures on the roof top
3) Practice Tolerance We are accustomed to a particular way of living, and most of us are less than tolerant of the changes happening around us. However, if you want to lead a peaceful life, you need to broaden your horizons and become susceptible to the ever-changing world. Accepting diversity is the first step towards this, and you will feel a considerable difference once you start respecting other peoples’ beliefs and opinions instead of fighting them.
4) Give Up On The Urge To Control Your Loved Ones All of us want to have control over our lives, but sometimes we extend this control to the people surrounding us, and that’s where the trouble begins. If you want to live a peaceful life, it is vital to stop controlling others and have harmony in your relationships. Imposing your will on someone and taking control over relationships not only creates conflicts, but it also seeps out all the happiness from your life. Try to accept the people who surround you, embrace their flaws instead of trying to change them, and be on your way to a happier life!
5) Practice Forgiveness If you are always dwelling on the past, reliving your wounds, and thinking of the people who hurt you, you will never find true peace. For a peaceful life that is free of mental burdens, it is important to practice forgiveness for others and yourself. Don’t think of the past and don’t beat yourself for the mistakes you made; instead, focus on the present day.peaceful life illustration with cocoa pink peonies and jewellry
6) To Live A Peaceful Life, You Must Prioritize! You may spend hours and hours of a work task, forsaking everything else, including your family and friends. This is a great way to lead a successful life, but are you really at peace? Stop for a minute and ask yourself, is this what you want to do with your life? Does your professional life take precedence over your happiness? If the answer to any of these is no, then I would be best to set your priorities straight. Make time for the people you love and the things you love to do, and a peaceful life won’t seem like a dream anymore.
7) Find The Peace Within If you want to live an endlessly peaceful life, you have to start by finding your inner peace. No amount of external tranquillity can calm down the chaos in your mind. Finding your inner peace is a journey, but with some effort, you will get there.Try to connect with your inner self by disconnecting yourself from the surroundings, even if for a few minutes. Find a quiet spot to sit, close your eyes, and take a deep breath. Let all the anxiety and worries out of your body with each breath, and fill your lungs with hope and peace. This simple exercise is excellent when feeling anxious or helpless, and it will instantly put things in perspective.woman meditating on the top of the roof A happy and peaceful life is not a utopia Of course, a peaceful life doesn’t mean that all your problems will vanish, but it will give you the strength to face these challenges. When faced with a difficulty, don’t let disharmony and conflict overtake you. Instead, deal with the problems without letting them affect your life.Decide to change your life, and make a conscious choice to work for that change. You can live a peaceful life and be happier than ever, but it will not happen by magic! You have to change your priorities, give attention to the essential things in life, and open your heart to peace.
DELTA OR DELTA PLUS VARIANT? WHICH IS A BIGGER THREAT AND WHY?
India has been immersed by an awful spread of novel Covid, particularly during the subsequent wave. It was fuelled significantly by the Delta variation, found first in Quite a while and observed to be ordinarily more irresistible than the first strain, and added caseloads consistently to a disabled medical services framework. It is likewise now the most predominant variation causing a flood of cases across the globe. In India, where the case tally has spiralled down, there’s as yet a conceivable chance of a third wave coming up and a fresher, more unnerving change, Delta Plus was found in certain conditions of the nation and still thought to be a potential danger.
The Delta variation of the infection, known to be significantly irresistible, contagious and serious in its assault drove the second flood of the infection in many pieces of the country. Simultaneously, the Delta Plus variation, likewise sequenced during a portion of the cases recognized during the subsequent wave, is said to convey forward changes from two variations supposedly infects even the individuals who have completely immunized, and furthermore cause passing. Yet, which among the two would it be advisable for us to be the most careful of? Could one be more potentially irresistible than the other?
DELTA VERSUS DELTA PLUS VARIATION : HOW WOULD THEY THINK ABOUT?
Both the Delta and Delta Plus variations have been classified as Variants of Concern (VoC), and are spreading in numerous nations. The most significant dangers were found in our own, where immunization inclusion is as yet on the lower side.
While the Delta variation (B.1.617.2) keeps on being a prevailing and quickly rising variation unleashing destruction across the world, it is likewise answerable for the outrageous storm of cases and pulverizations looked during the second wave in India. Not exclusively were greatest cases observed to be genomically followed to this variation of the infection, it actually stays to be a disturbing variation adding cases, even after the decay of the second wave direction in India. In states actually recording stressing caseloads, the Delta variation has been considered mindful.
In the meantime, the Delta Plus variation, which as well, was sequenced in Maharashtra, India, is a disturbing infection variation. Containing transformations of two COVID variations the Beta variation (found in South Africa) and the Delta variation (found in India), the Delta Plus contains two striking changes L452R and P871R.
WHICH ONE COULD RISE QUICKER
While the Delta variation of Covid was intensely liable for driving a dangerous second wave, the ascent of cases was additionally very quick with the variation in view of its high contagiousness. In any case, the Delta Plus variation, which contains transformations from the Delta variation has been named significantly really concerning. In examination, the Delta in addition to variation is said to spread very nearly ‘60% quicker’ than the Delta variation.
In any case, while clinical perceptions have proposed a higher infection danger, the presence of the Delta Plus variation is as yet on the lower side and has simply been found to spread at a much slower rate than anticipated. Until this point in time, three states represent most analysed instances of the new variation Maharashtra, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.
Presently, while the Delta variation is as yet a predominant COVID strain, and the infection particularly dynamic, specialists recommend that the Delta variation, with its serious striking side effects could stay to be a waiting danger we may confront.
The proof accessible on contagiousness and spread have likewise agreed through examinations and genomic discoveries. According to specialists, Delta Plus, in spite of its extreme provisions and capacity to quickly spread, isn’t really rising quicker at the present time.
MANIFESTATION OF BOTH THE VARIANTS
The Delta variation of the infection is viewed as outrageous because of the seriousness of manifestations it causes, in contrast with the first strain. High lung contribution, respiratory challenges and gastrointestinal protests (even with gentle or moderate cases) were what separated it from past variations of concerns.
The Delta in addition to variation, in the interim, which is said to convey highlights from both the Delta variation and the Beta variation could be significantly more extreme in nature. A few examinations have recommended that the variation could without much of a stretch outperform resistant protections, and tie unequivocally to lung cell receptors. More examinations are in progress to decide an expounded rundown of potential signs and side effects.
While the majority of the indications are supposed to be like the Delta variation, underneath recorded could be the potential signs which draw a few concerns and consideration:
– Early-stage lung association
– Shortness of breath and breathing troubles
– Longer enduring fever and steady hack
– Gastrointestinal manifestations
– Skin rashes and sensitivities
– Dryness and watery eyes
– Appetite misfortune and queasiness
WHAT POSES GREATER THREAT FOR VACCINATED INDIVIDUALS?
With any variation, what studies have shown is that the greatest danger involves unvaccinated people. The Delta variation, with its serious side effects and high virus rate was seen to hugely affect the ones who were/are unvaccinated. The ones who gotten an advancement case, just proceeded to foster milder side effects and had a quicker recuperation course of events. The chances of hospitalization and mortality with immunization are definitely decreased.
Nonetheless, with the Delta Plus variation, not exclusively could the infection be conceivably compromising for the unvaccinated, however it has been seen to progressively influence the ones who have been completely inoculated too in various habits some asymptomatic, some experiencing gentle or moderate contaminations, and seldom implied the danger of hospitalizations. Until this point in time, more than 3 passing have been recorded in the nation, ascribed to the Delta Plus variation. Each of the 3 cases were connected to serious comorbidities also. Government reports additionally have given alerts that the fresher variation, while sidestepping the insusceptible guards, could likewise lessen a reaction to the monoclonal counter acting agent treatment.
It is additionally obscure concerning how powerful current immunizations are against the fresher variation, since it’s still leisurely spreading and a couple of cases have been distinguished up until this point. Notwithstanding, specialists and virologists keep on issuing preventative counsel, proposing that regardless of a low predominance, the Delta in addition to variation could dodge neutralizer assurance and along these lines, add to stresses.
Jana Gana Manais the national anthem of India. It was originally composed as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata in Bengali by polymath Rabindranath Tagore.The first stanza of the song Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950. A formal rendition of the national anthem takes approximately 52 seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged occasionally. It was first publicly sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress.
The poem was first publicly recited on the second day of the annual session of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta (now Kolkata) on 27 December 1911. Then, it was followed in January 1912 at the annual event of the Adi Brahmo Samaj, however, it was largely unknown except to the readers of the Adi Brahmo Samaj journal, Tattwabodhini Patrika. The poem was published in January 1912, under the title Bharat Bhagya Bidhata in the Tatwabodhini Patrika, which was the official publication of the Brahmo Samaj with Tagore then the Editor. In 1912, the song was performed by Sarala Devi Chaudhurani, Tagore’s niece, along with the group of school students, in front of prominent Congress members like Bishan Narayan Dhar, Indian National Congress President, and Ambika Charan Majumdar . Outside of Calcutta, the song was first sung by the bard himself at a session in Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh on 28 February 1919 when Tagore visited the college and sung the song. The song enthralled the college students while Margaret Cousins, then vice-principal of the college (also an expert in European music and wife of Irish poet James Cousins), both requested Tagore to create an English translation of the song and set down the musical notation to the national anthem, which is followed only when the song is sung in the original slow rendition style. Tagore translated the work into English while at the college on 28 February 1919, titled The Morning Song of India – via Wikisource. The college adopted Tagore’s translation of the song as their prayer song which is sung till today.
How – and Why – ‘Jana Gana Mana’ Became India’s National Anthem
In Berlin, during the autumn of 1941, just a few months after his dramatic escape, Subhas Chandra Bose had recruited a team of enthusiastic Indians to launch a fresh fight against the British Empire.It included young men like Abid Hasan, N.G. Swamy and M.R. Vyas, along with veterans like A.C.N. Nambiar, Girija Mookerjee, and N.G. Ganpuley.Detailed discussions and analysis were carried out. Years later, Ganpuley recalled how Bose was ‘very vigilant and was a master of details,’ and Hasan added, ‘He used to throw ideas around and provoked thinking and discussion’.Soon, supported by diplomatic recognition from the German foreign ministry, the Free India Center was established. And, at the inaugural session of the Center on November 2, 1941 the ‘Azad Hind’ team formally decided that Tagore’s ‘Jana Gana Mana’ will be the national anthem and ‘Jai Hind’ will be the national greeting.The historic significance of these decisions is evident to all of us today. In his memoirs, Ganpuley wrote, ‘It was cogently and very enthusiastically argued at that meeting in Berlin that ‘Jana Gana Mana’ which defined India as the union of all provinces, languages and religions was most suited for being a national anthem’.Hasan remembered that he had opposed the ‘Bande Mataram’ because, ‘How many ordinary people can understand?….A man like myself with no familiarity with music and with a husky voice, should also be able to sing it.’ Bose himself was certainly interested in the ‘Jana Gana Mana’ . Capt. Lakshmi Swaminathan would recall him saying, ‘This is a truly representative national song’. Also, Bose would have recalled how he and other members of the Congress Working Committee had sought the advice of Rabindranath Tagore to resolve the ‘Bande Mataram controversy’ in 1937.And so, he summoned B.L. Mukherjee, who worked at the Institute for Fashion Textile Researches in Berlin and was also a regular vocalist at the Berlin Official Radio, and Ambik Mazumdar, who was a doctorate in Music from the Quinsbeck University to prepare the notation and other musical details.Several months later, on September 11, 1942, Bose inaugurated the German-Indian Society at Hamburg. It was a grand occasion and the existing video shows several German officials and foreign diplomats (including Amin al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem) were present.
It was here that Netaji officially introduced the 55-second song that was destined to become India’s national anthem. ‘The function concluded with the playing of the Indian and German national anthems, the Band was the Chamber Orchestra of Radio Hamburg.’
Ganpuley, a lifelong activist, managed to preserve what was perhaps the only surviving tape-record of the orchestra that evening. In the late 1970s, after a thorough research, Chitra Narain of the All India Radio received access to it.
But that was not all for the anthem.
Among the other resolutions passed at Free India Center was that Hindustani – the mingling of Hindi and Urdu that was the lingua franca of the masses of north India – would be the national language. While clearly supporting ‘cultural autonomy for the different linguistic areas’, Bose – certainly influenced by Kemal Ataturk’s reforms in Turkey – also wanted a common language and script. He had spoken about it even at his presidential address at the 1938-Haripura session.
But the ‘Jana Gana Mana’ is in literary Bengali. So, next year, when Netaji travelled to South East Asia, Hasan (who had been his co-passenger in the U-boat) and Mumtaz Hussain of the Azad Hind Radio were instructed to prepare a simple Hindustani translation of the anthem.
The result was the ‘Sabh Sukh Chain ki Barkha‘. Formally known as the Quami Tarana, it was set to music by Captain Ram Singh Thakur.
As Hasan summed it up, ‘We had our different private faiths and we had our different languages, but in our purpose and in our political belief we were a well-knit, determined and indivisible whole.’
Whether you live in a big country or a small town , you must have come across certain beliefs or ideas which people abide by , without actually having any reason behind such beliefs . Do you consider yourself superstitious ?
BLACK CATS – This majestic black furred animal is unfortunately associated with bad luck and death. You must have come across people saying that it is bad luck if a black cat crosses your path . This superstition has its roots going back to the medieval times , when animals with dark fur were believed to signal death . It is considered a bad omen if a black cat is spotted during a funeral procession . But in Egypt Black cats are symbols of good luck , and in Ancient Egypt black cats were really respected as they resembled the Egyptian goddess Bastet. In some parts of the world black cats are considered be lucky and in other parts they are considered to be a bad omen .
TRIMMING NAILS AT NIGHT – In India , Turkey and South Korea , trimming nails at night is believed to bring bad luck, and could invite evil spirits at home . Before the the invention of light bulbs , in ancient times it would be dangerous to trim nails at night as because of the absence of a light source , also the fact that sharp tools were used to trim nails which might cause injuries . This is where this superstition allegedly,comes from. In Japan , there is a superstition that states that trimming nails at night could lead to premature death .
SITTING AT THE CORNER OF THE TABLE – In Russian , Hungarian , Polish and Romanian cultures , it is widely believed that sitting in the corner of the table is bad luck , and the person sitting in the corner might never get married .
BROKEN MIRRORS – It is believed that if a mirror is broken , it brings seven years of bad luck. The Romans manufactured mirrors from polished metal surfaces and believed that the Gods monitored and observed souls of the people through mirrors . Thus , it was considered disrespectful to break mirrors , and people started believing that the Gods might unleash bad luck on them .
Instagram usually abbreviated to IG, Insta or The gram is an American photo and video sharing social networking service created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger. In April 2012, Facebook acquired the service for approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock. The app allows users to upload photos and videos that can be edited with filters and organized by hashtags and location tagging. Posts can be shared publicly or with your followers. Users can browse other users’ content by searching tags and locations and view trending content. Users can like and comment on other users’ photos and follow their knowns to add their content to a personal feed. It was released in October 6, 2010; 10 years ago. It is available in 32 languages and its website is https://www.instagram.com/. Later on, the service also added messaging features, the ability to include multiple images or videos in a single post, and a ‘stories’ feature which allows users to post their daily works and videos for 24 hours. The ‘Reels’ section is now also added which allows the users to post a video of them or anything within a limit of 15 to 30 seconds using any type of audio. The craze of making reels is so high among the people, they are enjoying and celebrating with Instagram Reels. Instagram became the 4th most downloaded mobile app of the 2010s.
Ongoing research continues to explore how media content on the platform affects user engagement. Past research has found that media which show peoples’ faces receive more likes and comments and that using filters that increase warmth, exposure, and contrast also boosts engagement. Users are more likely to engage with images that depict fewer individuals compared to groups and also are more likely to engage with content that has not been watermarked, as they view this content as less original. The motives for using Instagram among young people are mainly to look at posts, particularly for the sake of social interactions and recreation.
In popular culture:
Instagram is also used as a documentary film about three teenagers growing up on Instagram as social animals.
Instagram model is a term for models who gain their success as a result of the large number of followers they have on Instagram.
Instapoetry is defined as a style of poetry which formed by sharing images of short poems by poets on Instagram.
Instagram Pier is a cargo working area in Hong Kong that gained its nickname due to its popularity on Instagram.
Instagram gives you the opportunity to learn more about your audience and reach them very easily.
With more than 25 million businesses actively using Instagram to market to their target audience, it’s easy to see why so many people use the app to shop. In today’s instant access retail world, shoppers want visual content to help them make buying decisions.
It is a new method of sharing the pictures online via social media sites involving various creatives ideas like adding filters, making reels and many more to make the post or story look more attractive.
The positive effects of Instagram include self-expression, self-identity, community building and emotional support.
We can also make money by using Instagram like by creating sponsored posts for brands as an influencer. Become an affiliate and endorse different products. Be a virtual assistant to an influencer.
Your brand probably has a stable group of fans who follow your work, consume Instagram content, and like, share and comment on your posts.
It’s easy to share Instagram content across other channels.
Instagram is free advertising. With social media, including Instagram there are no costs involved unless you decide to pour money into it.
It’s not just about capturing the moment, Instagram is also a social network,” Eyal says. Instagram is so popular because it has the ability to anticipate users’ needs, prioritize their trust, keep abreast of competition, and leverage current trends. Instagram is more than just a way to get jealous about your friend’s vacation photos. Instagram is a way to express yourself and enhance your knowledge and various skills. It is a fun place to wander around in your phone anytime. You can post anything or can add to your story with beautiful filters never seen and used before. It is a very safe place for sure as it do not reveals your identity unless you follow another person. You can enjoy it by watching various types of reels, various funny reels are also there and. You can also make reels by choosing your choice of audio. So it’s not wrong to say that Instagram is very popular and it has become the way of living.
As people in today’s world are getting more and more conscious about their health and overall fitness, they are constantly overcoming the age-old beliefs that may provide remedy for a variety of issues at the time, but not with everyone. One of the major health trends of present times that highlights the issues faced by lactose intolerant people is : GOING DAIRY FREE. This type of diet excludes all forms of dairy products; including butter, cheese, cream, ice cream, and so on. Due to its various effective and visible benefits, more and more people are opting for a dairy free dies in their daily lives in order to avail the advantages of going dairy-free.
Here is a compiled list of all the positive effects that you may face after quitting dairy, varying from one person to another. They are discussed as follows:-
#1 HELPS IN CONTROL OF ACNE
One of the major reasons why people go dairy free in today’s world is : controlling acne. A lot of people have found that removing milk products from their everyday diets have helped them control their acne. This is credited to a number of factors. Firstly, mill promotes production of oils in our body and as a result, our sebaceous glands become highly active. Due to the highly reactive behavior of our oil glands, our skin becomes more prone to trapping bacteria in the pores of the skin and due to this, bacteria development may take place on our skin, resulting in acne. Another factor worth mentioning is that consumption of milk also promotes sugar resistance in our body which may further, cause acne in people, especially women since their hormones are highly active throughout the month.
So, try eliminating milk from your diet to get a smooth and clear skin!
#2 HELPS FIX DIGESTIVE ISSUES
The major development that people who quite dairy may encounter first would be the ease and smoothness they encounter in digestion of the everyday foods they consume. This is evident though the fact that a large number of people around the globe face the issue of lactose intolerance, a condition where people are unable to digest dairy milk. This may result in heavy bloating and gas within the stomach, making the person feel uncomfortable and sick. Once such people quit dairy, they are able to tackle this issue effectively.
#3 WEIGHT-LOSS
If you want to lose a few inches, try quitting dairy! A number of studies have shown that quitting dairy may actually help you reduce weight. This is because nowadays, the milk and milk products available in the market are highly processed, saturated and may also contain chemicals and even additive hormones that may not be beneficial for us at all. Not only this, they are extremely hazardous for us, making our body a host of several chronic illnesses like diabetes blood pressure and high bad cholesterol levels. This is not good for us in the long term period. Henceforth, try avoiding dairy if you are trying to lose weight to see if it may help and aid you in any way at all!
To sum it all, going-dairy free may be a healthy option for people who are lactose intolerant but may not know about it. However, this diet may not work for everyone too. Hence, we need to be selective about our everyday diet choices, so that we can handle our health in a better fashion!
More and more people are dependent on social media for healthcare news and resources in this new era. Today, the idea of following doctors on Facebook is typical. Social media and healthcare go hand-in-hand. When Social media matters across all the industries, then why should healthcare be avoided right?
Since more people are engaged on social media, the medical field has now understood the importance of social media in healthcare and has started incorporating such practices. Healthcare organizations have seriously started examining the role of social media in the patient-physician relationship. Leaders in public health have begun realizing that a comprehensive healthcare brand can be built with the help of social media marketing.
Raises Awareness
Social media has always been a key to increase public awareness about emerging, new, and annual health issues. It facilitates raising awareness in a way that is as simple as reminding followers about the basic sense of health practices.
When the world around is changing fast, social media is the key that ensures that the public is aware of the latest medical guidelines, issues, and advisories. One of the ways of sharing information is to share them directly through your social posts. Another way is to use social media to direct followers to credible sources of the latest news.
Combat Misleading Information
Social media, due to its very nature, helps spread information quickly to distinct groups of people. That’s great when the information shared is helpful, clear, and fact-based. But unfortunately, there is also a lot of misinformation on social platforms. At times, this misinformation comes in the form of false statements and they are easily ridiculed.
You can cite published research from a credible health resource like the CDC or WHO. But sometimes, the creators of misinformation may use a reputable institution to give credibility to their statements. Then, the institution needs to clarify that they are not the source.
Social media offers institutions a platform to generate statements to stop the masses from believing false facts. So, make your healthcare brand a platform where you share useful information with your followers and stay away from spreading misinformation. More detailed research can help you identify the true facts.
The more the research, the better!
Answer Common Questions
Health organizations and authorities working in the healthcare sector are valuable for all kinds of health concerns. Social media tools offer a creative way for healthcare professionals to address common issues.
For example, the government of India has developed a Facebook Messenger Chatbot. It allows answering questions, directing citizens to the right source, and countering misinformation.
Everything is shrouded in the media’s shadow. If we claim that the media is counting the feathers of the flying sparrow, we are not exaggerating. The role of media has created a stir and sensation in the world , rich or poor, fair or dark, wise or unwise, are enjoying lucretian pleasures and are in the air. Media could play a leading role in creating awareness on the various health issue and this role can’t be disputed. Hillary Clinton Secretary of State of the US has recently commented on AIDS and while speaking that the disease is incurable, she said efforts are to be made. Many efforts are made on health-related issues and role of media have to be included also. There are many health-related problems confronting our country and these include both communicable and chronic diseases. Health department at the center and state play a leading role in the eradication of diseases, including international agencies and governments of other countries. Media has been promoting health-related causes in a big way in helping government departments spreading awareness on various issues relating health and family welfare programs. The MOHFW has various schemes and these are promoted in many private and government-owned media outlets.
Ahh!! Books I just love to read them whether it be based on any genres I just love them. Are you one from these types of people’s, if yes then you have landed on the right article. Here, we are going to talk about books, books and just book mainly based on different genres.
A few connections can’t be depicted in words and one of them is human and pet relationship. This relationship can’t be portrayed in words and the sensations of creatures are so unadulterated their blamelessness simply wins your heart. Pet presence at home might bring about sure, glad environmental elements, prosperity in individuals and abilities in youngsters.
Individuals generally keep felines and canines as their pet. Individuals pet different creatures too like parrot, fish, ponies and that’s only the tip of the iceberg. Be that as it may, proportion of keeping felines and canines as their pet is high when contrasted with others.
People and pets relationship is normally valuable and moment and dynamic relationship. People are constantly benefitted and content with this relationship as from numerous years creatures have been an extremely cheerful and accommodating piece of human existence. The association which you share with your pet is profound to the point that it can’t be depicted in words. Our pets can detect our joy, pity, temperament, disappointment in your life. They even can detect the opponents which are near you and which individual is doing useful for you and which not.
As it is helpful for people it is valuable for creatures as well, as they get great safe house, great food , great consideration, colossal love and love.
HUMAN-DOG RELATIONSHIP –
Human canine association is a standout amongst other organization. Canines comprehend human so well by taking a gander at their temperament. Canines are known as the people closest companion. Canines are so glad to see their proprietor back in the home and are so glad to welcome them. It is otherwise called human-canine holding. Canines are so useful and keen that they are use in examinations for tackling case quicker. Canines regularly watches your home, go on long strolls with you, comprehends you well, and has been there as a decent ally to whom you can share anything.
As indicated by advisors likewise, creature human relationship is extremely useful for the two of them, similar to you can converse with them, hit the dance floor with your canine, partake in specialized canine care exercises so your canine additionally feels better. Canines can recognize great and awful. They can undoubtedly recognize among companion and enemy. Canine and human can bond together by straightforward exercises like playing or through a walk. They can make bond simply by doing an eye to eye connection like people. People love cushioned things and love to have them and canines are that way. Canines can unmistakably get what you are saying and love to invest energy with you.
HUMAN – CAT RELATIONSHIP –
Human and feline relationship is not the same as human canines relationship. Felines show love towards their proprietor uniquely in contrast to canines, however as per late examinations felines can rapidly bond with human actually like canines do. Felines are less receptive to human clues than canines. Felines now and then didn’t go to people for their assistance and they react to circumstances simply their proprietors do like panic or glad.
Felines are delicate to human mind-sets, they are less inclined to move toward people who are pitiful and bound to move toward people who are garrulous and outgoing. Felines are excessively generally receptive to their proprietor’s voice actually like canines do. Felines also love to invest energy with their proprietor and don’t remain with outsiders for long time.
However long human considers felines their partner you can bend over backward to improve their life and great and can give them great consideration and haven.
Keeping pet can diminish your pressure, can improve your state of mind, make you all the more truly dynamic, helps in making social associations as you go out with them and meet your companions and new individuals uncommonly it is better for senior residents or any other individual who is less friendly and pets offer the enthusiastic help and don’t anticipate much consequently your adoration.
As we say great music can mend anything. We as a whole love to listen music while working, driving, running, in exercise centers and then some. We pay attention to you that identifies with us, that we love tuning in a wide range of circumstances. Great Music is a fixation. Music can change somebody’s state of mind, can make them loose, can make them energized or can help in quieting. Music is a significant part as it is a language of feeling that addresses various sentiments and gets into soul without any limits or restrictions. It interfaces us to various pieces of the world. Individuals from various district can associate with one another by means of music. As indicated by research it has been shown that music can lessen tension, circulatory strain and torment also as it can further develop rest quality, emotional well-being and memory.
As per research, music goes about as a treatment for different emotional wellness conditions like gloom, injury, and schizophrenia. Music goes about as a medium that reflects feelings, torment, injury, and so on and can be utilized to quiet an individual, lessen their tension and cause them to feel unwind.
It’s undeniably true’s that while paying attention to music we work all the more successfully and truly appreciates it. Music is a language that is cherished by all and it interfaces us to individuals everywhere. With music we can communicate all the more viably.
Mending force of music is without a doubt the best and is applauded by everybody. Music treatment is propelling step by step and is zeroing in on in general wellbeing model. Music treatment utilizes music to further develop physical, mental and prosperity of people.
Ever, music was utilized as a treatment apparatus to fix issues identified with mind, including actual issues like sensation and development. Previously, then after the fact both the universal conflicts, heading out music bunches used to visit patients in emergency clinics and played music for them, seeing this specialists came to understand that music powerfully affects patients and can assist them with recuperating, and mentioned clinics to employ artists. This came out to be the music treatment meetings. Indeed, even in schools and universities music is incorporated as extra curricular exercises.
Music treatment can both assess and upgrade social, enthusiastic, psychological and engine working of a person. This treatment can likewise be utilized in therapy of actual sicknesses like hypertension and malignant growth. Music treatment are restricted to mental or actual issues as well as it can benefit in different circumstances or issues.
Music treatment can be coordinated face to face or with gatherings, and music can be pick by any of the party for example specialist or individual in treatment. The specialist will guarantee what sort of music the individual is picking and at what time to accomplish the objectives and answers for the issues of the person. In the start of music treatment advisors by and large prescribe music to people that matches to their present circumstance.
Music is adored by all age gatherings and that is the reason it is the most significant associating factor between individuals.
Music treatment results are practically acceptable and positive however it isn’t suggested as the last choice for genuine ailments and mental circumstances.
Impact of music in music treatment relies upon people music decision and how it will help them. To accomplish objectives and necessities in music treatment, advisors need to guarantee the people music inclinations and their present circumstances.
Dhyan Chand was born in Allahabad on 29 August 1905 in a Rajput family.He was the elder brother of another hockey player Roop Singh, and the son of Sharadha Singh and Sameshwar Singh.Dhyan Chand’s father was enlisted in the British Indian Army, and he played hockey for the army. Dhyan Chand had two brothers – Mool Singh and Roop Singh. Because of his father’s numerous army transfers, the family had to move to different cities and as such Chand had to terminate his education after only six years of schooling. The family finally settled in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Chand graduated from Victoria College, Gwalior in 1932. Being in the military, his father got a small piece of land for a house.
Young Chand had no serious inclination towards sports though he loved wrestling. He stated that he did not remember whether he played any hockey worth mentioning before he joined the Army, though he said that he occasionally indulged in casual games in Jhansi with his friends.
career start
Major Dhyan Chand (29 August 1905 – 3 December 1979) was an Indian field hockey player widely regarded as one of the greatest in the history of the sport.He was known for his extraordinary goal-scoring feats, in addition to earning three Olympic gold medals, in 1928, 1932 and 1936, during an era where India dominated field hockey. His influence extended beyond these victories, as India won the field hockey event in seven out of eight Olympics from 1928 to 1964 .
On 29 August 1922 – his 17th birthday – Chand enlisted in the 1st Brahmans of the British Indian Army as a sepoy (private).A reorganisation of the army that year resulted in the 1st Brahmans becoming the 1/1stPunjab Regiment. Between 1922 and 1926, Chand exclusively played army hockey tournaments and regimental games. Chand was ultimately selected for the Indian Army team which was to tour New Zealand.
The team won 18 matches, drew 2 and lost only 1, receiving praise from all spectators. Following this, in the two Test matches against the New Zealand squad, the team won the first and narrowly lost the second. Returning to India, Chand was promoted to LanceNaik in 1927.
After successfully lobbying for reintroducing field hockey in the Olympics, the newly formed Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) made preparations to send its best possible team for the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics. In 1925, an Inter-Provincial Tournament was held to select the team members. Five teams participated in the inaugural nationals – UnitedProvinces (UP), Punjab, Bengal, Rajputana and Central Provinces. Chand got permission from the Army to play for the United Provinces team.
In its first game in the tournament, Dhyan Chand as the centre-forward, and Marthins, their inside-right, performed very well together. Chand attracted much attention by his clever stick-work. His penetrating runs and judicious passes seemed to assure for him a position in the team that is to take part in the Olympic Games. Early in the game, it became evident that Chand was at his best. In combination with Marthins he took the ball away to the right and Marthins did well to give him a good pass. Quick as lightning, Dhyan Chand shot a goal. The ball struck one of the defenders’ stick and went into the net, giving goalkeeper Collie no chance. A goal within 3 minutes of the start was more than what the most optimistic of the UP supporters could expect. At the interval, UP led by three goals to nil.
On their part, Rajputana put every ounce of their efforts to score. The UP goal had more than one narrow escape, but were the winners of a fine exhibition match (3–1).
Buoyed by the success of the Tournament, it was decided that it would be held every two years. After two more trial matches between various hopefuls, the Olympic team (including Chand as center-forward) was announced and assembled in Bombay. Center-half Broome Eric Pinniger was selected as the captain. The IHF was initially low on funds since the provinces of Bombay, Madras and Burma had turned a deaf ear to their financial appeal, but they managed to scrape enough money. The Olympic team then played a match against the Bombay XI, and amazingly lost 3–2, even though Singh scored both his team’s goals. With a quiet send-off, the team left for England on 10 March, to play 11 matches against local sides as well in the London Folkestone Festival in 1927, winning all. It was also said that Great Britain did not send a team in 1928 to the Amsterdam Olympics after their national team was defeated by the Indian team at Folkestone. This is best cited in Kapur’s book Romance of Hockey where a despatch of H. Sutherland Stark, London representative of “Sports”, a magazine of Lahore, tells the story better than any other comment : “For reasons it is difficult to understand the English Hockey Association have taken up a very stiff attitude towards Indian Hockey in recent years and have repeatedly been twitted about it by even their own supporters. The Editor of a leading sports newspaper described them to me as an intensely conservative body, but there seems to be something more than conservative behind their unwillingness apparently ever to meet India in a full international encounter”.Finally, on 24 April, the team arrived in Amsterdam to embark on a tour of the Low Countries. In all the pre-Olympic matches against local Dutch, German and Belgian teams, the Indian team won by large margins.
In the 1928 Amsterdam Summer Olympics, the Indian team was put in the division A table, with Austria, Belgium, Denmark and Switzerland . On 17 May the Indian national hockey team made its Olympic debut against Austria, winning 6–0, with Chand scoring 3 goals. The next day India defeated Belgium 9–0; however Chand only scored once. On 20 May, Denmark lost to India 5–0, with Chand netting 3. Two days later, he scored 4 goals when India defeated Switzerland 6–0.
The final match took place on 26 May, with India facing the home team of the Netherlands. The Indian team’s better players Feroze Khan, Ali Shaukat and Kher Singh were on the sick list and Chand himself was ill. However, even with a skeletal side, India managed to defeat the hosts 3–0 (with Singh scoring 2), and the Indian team won its country’s first Olympic gold medal. Chand was the top scorer of the tournament, with 14 goals in 5 matches. A newspaper report about India’s triumph said,
This is not a game of hockey, but magic. Dhyan Chand is in fact the magician of hockey.
On returning to India, the team was received by thousands of people at the Bombay harbour, compared to the three people who had seen them off.
Posted in Waziristan in the North-West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan) with his new 2/14 Punjab Regiment, Chand, by now a naik (corporal) was cut off from the IHF, which was by now controlled by civilians.
The Inter-Provincial Tournament was being held to select the new Olympic team; the IHF wrote to the Army Sports Control Board to grant Singh leaves to participate in the nationals. His platoon refused. Chand received news that he had been selected by the IHF for the Olympic team without any formalities. The rest of his teammates however, had to prove their skills in the Inter-Provincial Tournament, which was won by Punjab. As such, seven players from Punjab were selected for the Olympic team. Apart from Chand, Broome Eric Pinnigar, Leslie Hammond and Richard Allen were the other 1928 Olympians retained in the team. Chand’s brother Roop Singh was also included in the squad as a left-in. Lal Shah Bokhari was selected as captain.
The Olympic team then played practice matches in India before heading for Colombo. In two matches in Ceylon, the Olympic team beat the All Ceylon XI 20–0 and 10–0. Wrote one newspaper on the first match,
“Perfection is perilous, for it tempts the gods. For once, this was proved wrong for even the god of weather paid tribute to the genius of the Indian players. Rain clouds, which had threatened to ruin the game, vanished into the blue, and thousands of spectators spent a happy hour marveling at the incomparable artistry of the Indian team.”
The India team set sail for San Francisco on 30 May, and arrived on 6 July. They reached Los Angeles three weeks before the opening ceremony of the Olympics, which took place on 30 July. On 4 August 1932, India played its first match against Japan and won 11–1. Chand, Roop Singh, Gurmit Singh each scored thrice, and Dickie Carr once. In the final on 11 August, India played against hosts USA. India won 24–1, a world record at that time (until it was broken in 2003), and once again clinched the gold medal. Chand scored 8 times, Roop Singh 10, Gurmit Singh 5 and Pinniger once. In fact, Chand along with his brother Roop, scored 25 out of the 35 goals scored by India . This led to them being dubbed the ‘hockey twins’.
One Los Angeles newspaper wrote, “The All-India field hockey team which G. D. Sondhi brought to Los Angeles to defend their 1928 Olympic title, was like a typhoon out of the east. They trampled under their feet and all but shoved out of the Olympic stadium the eleven players representing the United States.”
The team then embarked on a tour of the United States. They played a match on 20 August against a United States XI, almost the same team that they had faced in Los Angeles. Even after loaning its second keeper Arthur Hind, for a half, the team won 24–1.
After setting sail from New York, the team arrived in England. The then embarked on a hectic tour, playing nine matches in various countries in a fortnight, commencing on 2 September. They played four internationals-against the Netherlands, Germany, Czechoslovakia and Hungary. The team then reached Sri Lanka and India, playing a number of matches to pay for their expenses. At the end of the tour, India had played 37 matches, winning 34, drawing 2, with one abandoned. Chand scored 133 of the 338 Indian goals.
In India he is often referred to as Hockey ka Jaadugar which translates to “Magician of the game of Hockey”.
People are the supreme power in the democratic country. Accordingly the People of India solemnly resolved that India is a democratic country. As we know that the India is a largest democracy in the world. The term Democracy mentioned in the Preamble of the constitution of India in the broader sense embracing not only political democracy but also social, economic and inclusive democracy.The Indian constitution provides for the representative parliamentary democracy under which the Executive is responsible for legislature for all its policies and actions.
An Act to provide for the conduct of elections of the Houses of Parliament and to the House or Houses of the Legislature of each State, the qualifications and disqualifications for membership of those Houses, the corrupt practices and other offences at or in connection with such elections and the decision of doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with such elections.
The Representation of Peoples Act 1951 is an act enacted by the Indian provincial parliament before first general elections. The People’s Representation act provides for the actual conduct of elections in India. The act also deals with details like qualification and disqualification of members of both houses of Parliament (Loksabha and Rajyasabha) and the state legislatures (State Legislative Assembly and State Leg.
Salient features
Conducting of elections in the country.
Administrative machinery for conducting elections.
(Fixing time for poll)
Election offences.
Election disputes.
By-elections.
Registration of political parties.
Elector: It is a person whose name is on the electoral list.
Voter: who is eligible for voting but may not be on the electoral list.
The Representation of Peoples Act 1951: Section 8 deals with Disqualification of representatives on conviction for certain offences. This section states that:
A person convicted of an offence punishable under certain acts of Indian Penal Code, Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955, Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act 1967, Prevention of Corruption Act 1988, Prevention of Terrorism Act 2002 etc. shall be disqualified, where the convicted person is sentenced to — (i) only fine, for a period of six years from the date of such conviction; (ii) imprisonment, from the date of such conviction and shall continue to be disqualified for a further period of six years since his release.
A person convicted for the contravention of—(a) any law providing for the prevention of hoarding or profiteering; or (b) any law relating to the adulteration of food or drugs; or (c) any provisions of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.
A person convicted of any offence and sentenced to imprisonment for not less than two years [other than any offence referred to in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2)] shall be disqualified from the date of such conviction and shall continue to be disqualified for a further period of six years since his release.
Notwithstanding anything 8[in sub-section (1), sub-section (2) or sub-section (3)] a disqualification under either subsection shall not, in the case of a person who on the date of the conviction is a member of Parliament or the Legislature of a State, take effect until three months have elapsed from that date or, if within that period an appeal or application for revision is brought in respect of the conviction or the sentence, until that appeal or application is disposed of by the court.
Amendments
Even if a person is prohibited from voting due to being in police custody or in jail, as long as his name is entered on the electoral roll he shall not cease to be an elector. This implies that he can file nomination for an election.
The definition of “disqualified” in the Act has been amended. Currently, the definition of disqualified means disqualified for either being chosen as or being a Member of Parliament or a State Legislature. The amendment adds a ground to the definition that the disqualification has to be due to conviction for certain specified offences and can be on no other ground. Conviction for one of these offences would result in the person’s name being removed from the electoral roll and he would cease to be an elector.
On July 10, 2013, the Supreme Court ruled that a person, who is in jail or in police custody, cannot contest elections to legislative bodies. The RPA, 1951 states that any contestant to an election to legislative bodies has to be an “elector”, i.e., his name should be on the electoral roll and he is not subject to any of the disqualifications mentioned in Section 16 of the Representation of People Act, 1950. Among other things, that section disqualifies anyone from being on the electoral roll if he is disqualified from voting under the provisions of any law relating to corrupt practices and other offences in relation to elections. RPA, 1951 talks that anyone in prison or on the lawful custody of the police (other than preventive detention) is not entitled to vote.
The parliament (prevention of disqualification) amendment act, 2013 come into force on the 19th day of February, 2004. It has mentioned about the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes constituted under clause (1) of article 338 of the Constitution; the National Commission for the Scheduled Tribes constituted under clause (1) of article 338A of the Constitution
Rural Women are re a resourceful economic agent, who work day and night for the family and their growth in every form economic as well as emotional level. They do businesses; they work in farms; they contribute in family businesses. There are rural women who work for others but are also self employed.
They have a very unequal access to the resources and also go through a lot of discrimination. They also have to suffer through gender norms which needs to be addressed. They also have to work at home unpaid for the huge amount of work for their family.
Some general facts about Rural women in daily discrimination:
Most rural women workers are unpaid family workers or self employed and exposed to precarious jobs and low pay.
Rural women are paid on an average 25% less than men. They are considered to be less efficient because of low physical strength and sometimes are not even paid for the same work done by men.
Rural women also work for longer hours than men. They are expected to look after family and children needs along with work. The society thinks of the woman’s real job to be looking after the family needs and being independent for a woman in these cases is generally considered secondary.
Most of the rural women are unpaid family workers and their work is generally just considered as a contribution to the family rather than actual work which requires a pay.
Many times a woman’s entrepreneurship is not accepted by the society and they are not supposed to dedicate all their time into some growth or business.
Women in rural areas also get less or sometimes no access to education. Sometimes they are just told to leave it halfway because their fate is already decided and hence studying will only increase the burden on the family.
Condition of women in Indian rural society specifically:
Employment Creation and how to do it for rural women: Employment creation mean coming up with new industries and ideas which can and will provide employment to a lot of people which will give them stable income and a stable life. Creation of more sector which require the skills of rural women and can help them excel can prove to be a big boon in the society.
Creating employment: Creating employment can be
Rural work programmes should be encouraged and women training should be encouraged. Rajasthan had one of the highest no. Of women businesses from home. For example: Lijjat Papad. They should be provided with exposure for their promotion and the brands should be encouraged more than the imported brands.
And increase in women friendliness and a change of attitude towards working women.
Providing capital for the women to kick start their business ideas and then paying it with small installments.
Social protection should be improved that is, creating more awareness about women sanitary pads and other basic needs and creating trusted rural brands for all the basic needs so that they don’t feel on being introduced to something foreign but they should learn using the things made by them only. Giving them more trust on the brand and creating awareness among them about them the better living standards in low costs.
It is never too late to start new. Their access to technological reforms should be increased. They should start learning more about internet and technology through different organizations whose main job is to educate them. These small jobs will also create employment opportunities.
The most basic difference between both is that a housewife is dependent on her family members generally for taking her to places,shopping,movies and many more. Apparently if we see the case of a working women, she is independent at first,can perform all her jobs, earn, can take care of her family and be with the time.
Her Own Decision
Firstly we need to understand that it’s completely the decision of your partner, whether she want to work after marriage or not. You can’t force her to be housewife or to be a working women.
Now coming back to our topic, what are the major difference in roles and lives of housewife and working women are listed below:
Time for Family
OK, the first thing that we will compare is how much time both spend with their family. If we talk about housewife, she will spend a lot of time with her family. She will be available for them anytime her family needs her. But if we talk about a working women, she won’t be there at that time. First she would have to ask her boss for holiday or leave. Only then she can be with her family. In emergencies, housewife can easily manager her time with her family.
But a working women can’t. A housewife can attend all the family functions very easily, but a working women can’t.If her family is planning for a holiday, a housewife can easily go with them and enjoy the holidays. She will not be having any kind of work stress in her mind. But it will be very difficult for working women to get holidays. Thus it will be difficult for her to spend holidays with her family. Even if she will get holidays, she will have work stress in her mind. So she will not enjoy those holidays as expected.
Self-Dependence
A housewife is always dependent on her husband for any type of financial capability. Whenever she wants to buy something or have to do some financial transactions, she have to ask her husband for money. Whereas a working women have her own savings and money. So she can make any type of financial decisions on her own. She don’t need any kind of permission from his husband.
Emotionally Strong
Working women are always emotionally strong as compared to housewife. As housewife spends a lot of time with her family, so she get more emotional. Whereas working women have to deal with so many type of clients. And as per business rules, there is no emotion in business. That is why she is emotionally strong as compare to housewife.
Emotionally StrongWorking women are always emotionally strong as compared to housewife. As housewife spends a lot of time with her family, so she get more emotional. Whereas working women have to deal with so many type of clients. And as per business rules, there is no emotion in business. That is why she is emotionally strong as compare to housewife.
Supporting RoleHousewife
are truly supporting their husbands. Because a man works hard with full focus on work if he is sure that his wife will handle the house. Whereas a husband having working wife is always full of tension that after going home, he would have to do household routine work with his wife.
Pursue Own Interest
A housewife can pursue her interest like painting, stitching etc. but it’s very difficult for a working women to do so. As it will be really difficult for her to get time to do such things.
Women of Revolutionary Movement in British India: Usha Mehta
Usha Mehta(1920-2000) was a Gandhian and freedom fighter of India.
At the age of 8 years she became an active member of the Indian freedom struggle with her first protest being against the Simon Commission in 1928.
She became even more actively involved when her family shifted to Mumbai in 1932 by distributing clandestine bulletins, publications and carrying messages to jailed leaders.
She was known for broadcasting the Congress Radio (an underground radio station), which functioned for a few months during the Quit India Movement of 1942.
The radio broadcasts recorded messages from Gandhi and other prominent leaders of the freedom movement. The messages were played across India by the Congress Radio.
The Congress Radio played an important role in the freedom struggle by spreading uncensored news and other information banned by the colonial authorities.
The British eventually found it and all the organizers including Usha were arrested. Usha was held in solitary confinement and offered incentives to betray the movement but she chose to remain silent. For this she was sentenced to four years imprisonment at Yerwada Jail in Pune. She was released in 1946.
Post Independence
Upon India’s independence, Usha Mehta actively spread Gandhian thought and philosophy.
She was conferred the Padma Vibhushan in 1998, second-highest civilian award of India.
Since the decline of communalism, Globalization has become one of the most controversial and debating issues among people around the World. Globalization has a different definition to different people, and whether it has a positive impact today or was better for yesterday is still questionable. Although a part of the population questions its existence, it has significantly impacted both developed and developing countries’ economies. Globalization cannot simply be related to being political as it has had significant effects on cultural, ideological, and social aspects of people around the World.
To understand the impact of Globalization, it is important to know what it is. One of the popular political scientist, James Rosenau, described the term as a currently popular label and accounted for people’s norms, goods, ideas, services, activities, and currencies that are localized and practiced in a confined area. As per World Health Organization, Globalization is defined as the interdependence and interconnection of people in a local place with the people around the World. The two main elements that need to work here is the ease of flow of goods, services, and activities of people from one place to another and the incorporation and change in policies that allow the easy flow of exchange around the areas.
Globalization is a complex procedure that includes the trends and tendencies of the economic, cultural, and social spheres of the people and places around the World. The process is huge and not easily predictable but organized as well. The liberation of investment and trade, Social networks worldwide, technological innovation, and entrepreneurship are the four major factors of Globalization.
Many political scientists believe that the two major forces that make Globalization effective are technological innovation and entrepreneurship. However, it is impossible to prove that the process works without the intervention of other factors. With the adoption and evolution of market-related laws and policies in local and international fields, the governments have played a significant role by allowing economic integration of special activities and giving major independence to welcome the outside World. Globalization’s financial aspect is the major force that acts as a driving agent for both the political and social parts. Due to the colonization by Europe in various countries, some of the practices and cultural lifestyle is adopted by the people deep inside the African villages.
Globalization has made way for the countries to develop rapidly. However, the development is not even because some countries are growing quickly in comparison to others. The interconnection between the countries helped decrease poverty, but it does not equally support global community members. The developing countries lie in a depriving position while the developed countries enjoy all the interconnection benefits. However, when we take a close look at the impact of Globalization worldwide, we can conclude that it has both positive and negative effects on both developed and developing countries.
Globalization has proven to make a positive impact on the quality of life of people in developing countries. Funding from foreign countries and industrialized nations are helping many developing countries to decrease poverty. These funds are spent on improving the social, health, transport structure, and education of developing countries, helping them with a standard of living.
Today, the developing countries can openly communicate and trade through transport, labor, technology, management, and other benefits from other industrialized countries.
The impact of Globalization around the World
Globalization has its backdrops that dually affect both the developed and developing countries. However, considering the positive side to be heavier, people still believe it to be beneficial and aim for a better standard of living for all the poor people around the Globe.
The concept of a smart city aims to investigate the implications of smart solutions for sustainable development and smart solutions in the city. These solutions mainly concentrate on the core area of the city’s administration, education, health, transportation etc.
The idea of a smart city has been introduced to highlight the importance of Information and Communication Technologies ( ICT’s) in the past 20 years for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of industrialization. In literal terms, the smart city is used to specify a city’s ability to cater to the needs of citizens. Development of city and quality of life are profoundly influenced by the core systems of a city: transport, education, and government services; public safety and health. Research has focused on these four areas, which identity having high priority.
The literature review highlights that various criteria referring to improve life in a city are mentioned in connection to the terms of a smart city. The most important area for starting to transform a city into a smart one in the system of communication; thus, this area prioritizes the use of modern transport technologies. Smart transformation system works as a highway between the development of city and modern technologies.
The term smart city is also used in the literature regarding the education of its citizen. Therefore, a smart city has smart inhabitants in terms of its educational criterion. The intelligent system represents the future processes of education. This system will affect how the information is received, used, understand, and learned by users. In other, the literature the term smart city is also referred to the relation between the city’s governance or public administration and its citizen. Good governance is a communication for the citizens, e.g. “ e-governance” or “ e- democracy”.
The health system is like a good solution for a smart city snd this implies to use modern technologies to better the results. The smart health system ensures timely diagnosis thus improving the life of the patients. The concept of the ubiquitous city has been developed into huge international research. It is also known a U-city . a model of a smart city is based on the usage of computer systems to exchange data such as cloud computing, open data etc.
The term smart city has attracted a lot of attention in these recent years. Since the end of the last century, many cities have initiated smart city planning. The first step for the establishment of the smart city is based on the physical telecommunication network infrastructure. The second layer constitutes applications that improve operation in the city like traffic control, etc., the third is based on connectivity and unity of all.
There are a lot of advantages to this new system: energy and other natural resources are spent more efficiently, and the tasks of synchronization are much easier to accomplish. We are now able to identify a lot of smart city in different levels of development, and this concept can be used to define urbanization based on modern technologies.
Sports is such an activity that it can be taken up by anyone; at any age and any point in life. Adults, children and elders – everyone alike can take part in sports. Many regard sports as a mere co-curricular or extra-curricular activity in schools. However, in reality, sports play an equally important role as does education in a person’s life. To achieve overall and all-round development in life, one should be well-versed in both sports and culture. While training sharpens the mind, sports sharpens the body and fitness. Thus, both are essential.
There are numerous advantages of involving oneself in sports. First and foremost, as known by all and very definitively, competitions increase the physical fitness of an individual. Additionally, sports also contribute to building stable mental well-being of a person. Various researchers show that people who are in the daily practice of sports in any form record better mental as well as physical health. Moreover, sports also eliminates the risk of a person catching diseases or facing any bodily interruptions. Competitions increase immunity and increase people’s stamina.
Sports also influence the life expectancy of people, increasing the potential years to live of an average human individual. All of us are associated with games somehow or the other in our lives. While at schools and as kids, we were exposed to sports in various forms. However, since many institutions do not make it obligatory to pursue sports in higher academics, some of us are dissociated from its practice. However, a lot of people take up games further, on their own accord. Some people even decide on pursuing a career in the field.
A lot of people take up a lot of different kinds of sporting activities. There are many outdoor sports; these include cricket, badminton, football, hockey, volleyball etc. Indoor sports such as various board games, table tennis, chess etc. are also popular. One can choose from a large variety. While outdoor sports contribute heavily in building the physical aspect of one’s being, indoor games have a more psychological impact. However, none of the activities can be categorised in a hard and fast way. Every sporting activity contributes to the well- being of a person, both physically and mentally.
Sports also builds several characteristics and personality traits in a person. Sports instils a sense of confidence and enthusiasm in an individual’s attitude. People who are involved in regular sports practices show qualities of leadership, team-work and excellence in their personalities and behaviour. Sports makes one competitive, however in a healthy manner. It also helps us to deal with failure and enables us to work hard in achieving our respective goals.
These are all just a few good qualities that sports brings us into our lives. There are many other attributes that games have. Hence, we should all engage actively and more frequently in sports and other physical activities. It instils discipline in us, makes us active, energetic and increases our mental, emotional and physical state.
Through marriage you enter into a committed relationship with your ‘life partner’, meaning he or she promises to share a life-long bond with you. Hence depending on whether you have made the right or wrong choice, your marriage can make or mar your life. Marriages happen in two ways. In arranged marriages, the family searches for a suitable spouse for the bride or groom. In love marriages, the boy or girl chooses his or her own life partner by entering into a mutual love relationship. While people talk both for and against both these kinds of marriages, here we discuss the benefits of love marriages.
What is love marriage?
Love is not a recent concept in the history of human civilization. Humans are falling in love with their desired partner from unknown times. In fact, love marriage is the natural form of marriage wherein the spontaneous liking for the other person results in a marital union. Comparatively speaking, arranged marriage is a concept that should have developed later with the maturing of human civilizations.
Love marriage lets you choose your own partner
You do not fall in love with all the people you meet. Because someone has impressed you in some ways, you start liking them. This liking turns into love relationship that will eventually mature into marriage if everything goes well. Hence in love marriage you get to marry the person who you like.
Love marriage results in finding a compatible partner
Not all the people who go for arranged marriage are blessed with compatiblepartners
. We find many people lament that they have made a wrong choice. Hence love marriage is the royal road to choose the best partner who will walk with you for the rest of your life and exhibit a high degree of compatibility and understanding in your married life.
Love marriage paves way to social equality
Love marriage breaks the conventions underlying marriages. It brings together individuals from two different communities, castes or social groups. Hence love marriages give way to realizing social equality.
Love marriage gives rise to new class of people
When two individuals of unrelated communities come together in love marriage, they both give rise to a new class of people when they get their offspring. Experts in biology say this is the best way to procreate since the rare and unusual combinations promoted by love facilitate some excellent genetic codes. Majority of children born out of love marriages are found to be intellectually gifted, immunologically strong and emotionally matured.
Love promotes happy and successful marriages
In love, the common feeling that brings two hearts in the marital union is “I am for you and you are for me”. This mutual love results in a strong relationship. People marrying through love feel they have landed on happy and successful life. Love marriage is often not an easy journey. In many cases, the couple faces trials and tribulations on the way to its union. Hence they are motivated to demonstrate a strong commitment that will put them in a lifelong bond.
The Taj Mahal is the materialized vision of love and marks a perfect indelible remark on it’s Mughal Architecture. This historical monument is the mausoleum of Emporer Shan Jahan’s beloved wife, Empress Arjuman Banu Begum, most commonly known as Mumtaz mahal. The Taj Mahal is a complex comprising of the astonishing vision Ustad Isa Khan of Turkey, the chief architect of this historic monument.
The Taj Mahal now holds a renowned place in UNESCO’s World Heritage Site. The tomb contains a 17-hectare centerpiece. The Taj Mahal is located 2.5 km away from the famous Agra Fort and is a renowned masterpiece of the world holds a special place as the 7th wonders in the world.
About Taj Mahal, The conventional story behind the stunning 17th-century marble mausoleum is Emperor Shah Jahan’s eternal for Mumtaz, who died in childbirth. Historians believe that Shah Jahan remained heartbroken over the Empress’s death and ordered his court into mourning for two whole years. To treasure all memories of his beloved wife, Shah Jahan undertook the task of building the world’s most treasured beautiful monument as a symbol of love. The construction of the imperial structure took almost 22 solid years with the labor of 22,000 workers. However, there are a few debates that question the construction of the Taj Mahal as a monument of love or guilt.
To invoke the memories of the Mughal era, a 10-day annual event called the ‘Taj Festival’ is celebrated in February, in front of the Taj Mahal.
The grandeur of the Taj Mahal despite decades after construction resonates as the most attractive human-made tourist spot of the world. The Taj Mahal unveils five major structural components- the Darwaza or the main entrance, the Bageecha or gardens, the Masjid or Mosque, the Naqqar Khana or the rest house, and Rauza, the central mausoleum.
The Taj Mahal’s main chambers consist of pseudo-tombs perforated marble screens. Beneath this lies the shadowy burial crypt that homes the tombs of both the Empress Mumtaz and the Emperor Shah Jahan. The perforated screens transmit light into the grave and is a structure of typical Mughal mausoleum. The tombs hold semi-precious stone linings, and calligraphic inscriptions are found to be inscribed on the sides on Mumtaz’s monument, reveal ing the ninety-nine names, Allah. The Taj structures add great artistic wonder and architectural realm to the place.
Located on banks of the sacred river Yamuna, in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, the Taj Mahal is a royal artwork of multiple talented artisans and artists. The area surrounding the Taj holds many decorative elements such as grass lawns and trees that increase the fragrance of the environment. A few feet apart, at the foothills of the entrance pathway lies a fascinating fountain gleaming with water. However, due to the growing pollution, the white Taj marbles have reacted, leaving yellow-tinged surfaces. To protect the Mahal from further damage, the Indian government has enforced around 4,000-square-mile Taj Trapezium Zone, with strict emissions standards. This beautiful marble masterpiece gives immense pride to all Indians and is considered as a devout symbol of love.
Our mothers are like a security blanket to us because she saves us from all problems. She never regards her own problems and listens to us all time. In order to give her respect, the second Sunday of May month has been dedicated to her to celebrate mother’s day. This event is of great importance to us and our mothers. On this day we should keep our mothers happy and never make them sad. We should always obey her and do work properly. She always wants to make us a good human being in life.
A big program is organized in our school every year on mother’s day to celebrate it conjointly. Our teachers help us in getting prepared for the mother’s day occasion. We learn lots of poems, rhymes, essays, speeches on Mother’s day, conversations, etc for the celebration of this occasion. We are really blessed by God with a caring and loving mother. Without mothers our lives are nothing. We are so lucky as we have a mother. We give lots of special gifts to our mother and she gives us lots of love and care. Out teachers give us an invitation card to invite our mother to school and be the glory of the occasion.
Mothers do lots of activities in the classroom like dancing, singing, poem recitation, speech, etc for our happiness. We too take part in the celebration and show our talent (such as poem recitation, essay writing, speech, dance, singing, etc) in front of the mother and teacher. Our mothers bring a lot of delicious dishes with them to school. At the end of the celebration, we all enjoy eating those delicious dishes together with our teachers and mothers. We are served a variety of dishes by our mothers.
Our mothers are very special. Even after being tired she always smiles for us. She tells us different poems and stories while sleeping in the night. She helps us in preparing our project works and home works and helps us during exam time. She takes care of our uniform and school dress. She teaches us to eat anything only after proper hand washes with soap and water. She teaches us good manners, etiquette, morality, humanity, and helping others always in life. She takes care of my father, grandparents, and my small sister. We all too love her too much and take her outside weekly with all family members.
Alexander the Great was a king of Macedonia who conquered an empire that stretched from Balkans to modern-day Pakistan. He was born on July 20th, 356 BC in Pella, which was the administrative capital of Macedonia.
Alexander was the son of Philip II and Olympias, one of Philip’s eight wives. He was brought up with the belief that he was of divine birth. From his early days, Olympias had encouraged him to believe that he was a descendent of heroes and gods. Nothing he had accomplished would have discouraged him from believing. The personality of Alexander the Great was a paradox. He had great charisma and force of personality, but his character was full of contradictions, especially in his later years. However, he had the ability to motivate his army to do what seems to be impossible.
Alexander was a visionary. His ability to dream, plan and strategize on a large scale allowed him too many battles, even when he was outnumbered. It also helped motivate his men, who knew they were part of one of the greatest conquests in history. Alexander could be inspiring and courageous, continued Abernethy. He was devoted to training his mean, rewarding them with honours and spoils, and going into battle beside them, which furthered their devotion and confidence. The fact that Alexander was young, beautiful and empathetic only helped to increase his influence on his soldiers and subjects.
His father was often away, conquering neighbouring territories and putting down revolts. Nevertheless, King Philip II of Macedon was one of Alexander’s most influential role models. Philip ensured Alexander was given a noteworthy and significant education. He arranged for Alexander to be tutored by Aristotle himself. His education infused him with a love of knowledge, logic, philosophy, music and culture. The teachings of Aristotle would later aid him in the treatment of his new subjects in the empires he invaded and conquered, allowing him to admire and maintain these disparate cultures.
Alexander watched his father campaign nearly every year and win victory after victory. Philip remodelled the Macedonian army from citizen-warriors into a professional organization. In early 324 BC, Alexander reached the city of Susa in Persia. Wanting to unite the Persians and Macedonian and create a new race loyal to him, he ordered many of his officers to marry Persian princesses at a mass wedding. He also took two more wives for himself.
The Macedonian army resented Alexander’s attempt to change their culture, and many mutinied. But after Alexander took a firm stand and replaced Macedonian officers and troops with Persians, his army-backed down. To further diffusion the situation, Alexander returned their titles hosted a huge reconciliation banquet.
Many conquered lands retained the Greek influence Alexander introduced, and several cities he founded remain important cultural centers even today. The period of history from his death to 31 BC, when his empire folded, would come to be known as the Hellenistic period. Alexander the Great is revered as the most powerful and influential leaders in the ancient world ever produced.
In 334 BC Alexander III of Macedon better known as Alexander the Great set out on his grand campaign of conquest against the Persian Achaemenid Empire, aged just 22. Benefitting from the conquests, diplomacy and military reforms of his father, Philip II, Alexander has inherited a powerful professional army that utilized the Phalanx formation.
He would go on to forge one of the largest empires the world had yet seen, conquering the mighty Persian Empire and marching his army as far as the Beas River in India. Alexander won four victories against the Persians: the Battle of the Granicus: May 334 BC, The Battle of Issus: 5 November 333 BC, The Battle of Gaugamela: 1 October 331 BC, The Battle of the Persian Gate: 20 January 330 BC. His ability to dream, plan and strategize on a large scale allowed him too many battles, even when he was outnumbered.
Mental health is crucial and integrates a component of health. Mental health includes an individual’s psychological, emotional and social well-being. Proper mental health results in the proper mental functioning that result in being productive in activities, healthy and fulfilling relationships with other people and having the ability to cope and adapt to adversity.
Proper mental health is essential in every stage of life – from childhood and teenage to adulthood. Throughout a lifetime, an individual can experience mental health issue at any point. This affects not only their mood and behaviour but also changes their way of thinking, of looking at life and facing challenges.
Even though mental health is a highly personal thing, what affects one person may or may not affect the other person; however, some significant factors contribute to mental health problems. These factors include life experiences such as trauma or abuse, biological factors such as genes or chemistry of the brain, and even the family history of mental health problems can affect an individual. Poor mental health is also linked with stressful work conditions, rapid social changes, gender discrimination, gender discrimination, social exclusion, physical illness and human rights violation.
Mental health problems are common, but for the longest time, people have avoided the entire concept of it and taken mental health for granted. At one point, mental health was considered taboo, and anyone seeking help was labelled as mentally ill. Mental health and mental illness are not similar things.
For a long time, mental health has been defined as the absence of mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression. Mental illness typically refers to all the diagnosable mental disorders – health conditions that are characterized by alterations in mood, thinking and behaviour associated with impaired functioning or distress.
Mental health and mental illness together go hand in hand. Individuals having optimal mental health conditions can also face mental illness, where people who have no mental illness can also have poor mental health. In recent times, people have started taking mental health seriously and taking proper steps in dealing with any mental health issues. Help is available out there; people with mental health problems can get better by seeking help.
People suffering from mental health issues show various symptoms such as little or no energy, pushing away people and pulling themselves back from regular activities, loss of sleep or the will to eat, smoking, drinking or doing drugs, feeling helpless, yelling and fighting, losing temper very quickly, harming themselves and many more.
Taking care of mental health not only is getting help from professionals when needed but also connecting with other, getting involved in physical activities, helping others, getting enough sleep and staying positive that there is a way out. Positive mental health allows people to realize their full potential, cope with stress in life, work productively and make meaningful contributions to the community. Various factors in people’s lives such as intrapersonal relations, physical factors, childhood trauma and many other conditions can disrupt mental health conditions. Taking care and looking after one’s mental health preserves an individual’s ability to enjoy life.
Mental health is not only the psychological and emotional well-being of an individual but also it is the state of well-being where an individual can use their emotional and cognitive abilities to meet the demands of everyday life and contribute to the society. Mental health is essential in every stage of one’s life, starting from childhood to adolescents up to adulthood.
Every year October 10th is observed as world mental health day. It was started as an annual activity by the world federation by the deputy secretary-general of UNO (United Nations Organisation) at that time for mental health.
Mental health resources in every country are different. At the same time, developed countries of the western world provide mental health programs for every age group. In third world countries where it becomes a struggle to find the basic needs of the families, not much importance is given providing proper mental health aid.
Foreigners often remark that India is a land of temples, shrines and sacred places. With the history of India are intertwined many stories that are religious, legendary and social. Right from Kashmir to Kerala, we come across temples of many Gods and Goddesses.
One of the biggest temples of India is the newly built Lakshmi Narayan temple (Birla Mandir) in Delhi. This temple was built by late industrialist Shri G.D. Birla.
As we approach the temple, we see a majestic and magnificent construction. It covers a wide area having the front wall artistically built with gates in it. At the back of this temple, lie the hilly mounds. The trees give it a very natural and fascinating look.
The entire temple has been built with marble. Inside the temple, there is the statue of Lord Krishna that lies in the central precincts. There are engravings and murals on the walls of the inner temple that depict the stories of The Ramayana and The Mahabharata. There are green lawns inside the temple and parks having many swings and slides on which the children can play. The figures of cow, camel, bear and many other animals, have been carved in stone. The fountains and water coming out of a tiger’s mouth attract people.
On one side of the temple akhand-kirtan or non-stop singing goes on in praise of the Lord. People going to the temple listen to it with full attention. Devotees, saints and sages are seen reciting the sacred hymns of the holy Bhagwad Gita.
The Lakshmi Narayan Temple wears a grand and decent look on the days of Janam Ashtami and Ram Navami, i.e., the birthdays of Lord Krishna and Lord Rama, respectively. Thousands of visitors visit this temple on these days. There is a great rush of people during these days. The temple-tops are illuminated with fancy electric bulbs and it presents an exquisite sight.
Pujas are performed. This sacred place hums with activity during the festivals. The entire temple is lit-up with electric bulbs and lights on the day of Deepawali. If we visit this temple on Deepawali, when it is decorated with glittering lights and adorned by the flowers and other decorative things, we derive great mental satisfaction and solace.
journey by train is always an interesting experience. In the winter of 2009,1 happened to attend the marriage of one of my friends. My friend lived in Amritsar. I got a seat reserved in the first-class compartment from Delhi to Amritsar in a super-fast train and its a winter season.
When the train crossed the platform, it began to pick up speed. Soon, it ran very fast and after some time, reached Panipat. I was carrying some novels, tit-bits, magazines and a newspaper with me. For some time, I read but I soon got bored and gazed outside. A peep through the window of the train showed me a charming sight. I saw lush green fields, trees, groves and forests from the window of the running train. I also saw farmers ploughing the fields. Then my train reached Ambala at 4.50 p.m. Here I had my evening tea at the tea-stall on the railway platform. There was a lot of rush. The hawkers and vendors were selling a variety of foodstuffs. Soon, the train whistled. I got into my compartment and the train left the station.
From Ambala, a foreigner couple boarded my compartment. The couple seemed nice and friendly, so I enquired about their country. The man at once quipped that he belonged to Norway. Then both the husband and wife began to narrate the facts about Norwegians. They also compared the same with the facts and information about India. His wife spoke highly of Indian womanhood. She praised their beauty and behaviour. She also praised the culture, civilisation and places of historical and religious interests in India. Both were deeply impressed by the grandeur of Punjab. Its folklores and festivals were highly appreciated by them. This chat with the foreigner couple was quite interesting for me.
It was night. There was darkness outside. The chilling wind began to blow. My train was nearing its destination. The train halted at Jalandhar. The engine was also changed there. The train then steamed off and ran at full throttle. The piercing wind was penetrating through the open window panes. At 9 p.m. the train reached Amritsar. The platform was lit up with lights. I got down from the train. I met my friend who had come to receive me at the railway station. We both then drove to his home. It was a pleasant journey by train in winter. It added to my experience and knowledge.
It’s normal to feel anxious about moving to a new place, starting a new job, or taking a test. This type of anxiety is unpleasant, but it may motivate you to work harder and to do a better job. Ordinary anxiety is a feeling that comes and goes, but does not interfere with your everyday life.
Anxiety is a feeling of nervousness, unease, or worry that typically occurs in the absence of an imminent threat. It differs from fear, which is the body’s natural response to immediate danger.
Anxiety is part of the body’s natural reaction to stress, so it can be helpful at times, making you more alert and ready for action.
Anxiety disorders and normal feelings of anxiousness are two different things. Many of us get anxious when faced with particular situations we find stressful, but if those feelings don’t subside, the anxiety could be more chronic. When feelings of fear or nervousness become excessive, difficult to control, or interfere with daily life, an anxiety disorder may be present. Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders.
Signs and Symptoms
Your heart beats fast, and your breathing speeds up. Your chest may feel tight, and you might start to sweat. If you’ve ever felt it, you know that anxiety is just as much a physical state as a mental state. That’s because there’s a very strong biological chain reaction that occurs when we encounter a stressful event or begin to worry about potential stressors or dangers in the future. Other physical symptoms include headaches and insomnia. Psychological symptoms may include feeling restless or tense, having a feeling of dread, or experiencing ruminative or obsessive thoughts.
Some of the most common symptoms of anxiety disorders include:
Feelings of apprehension
Anticipating the worst
Irritability
Tremors or twitches
Frequent urination or diarrhea
Nausea or upset stomach
Duration of Anxiety
It is possible to get rid of anxiety with therapy or medication, or through a combination of therapy and medication. It may also take changing your mind a bit about the power your mind has over you.
According to Health Care Experts, “You might start to consider your emotions as changing experiences that are always fluctuating. When we feel distressed, it can seem like the distress is going to go on and on forever until we emotionally combust. But instead, emotions act more like a wave, at times increasing and becoming more intense. But inevitably they’ll reach a plateau, subsiding and finally passing.”
5 Ways to Ease Anxiety and Feel Calmer
Take some deep breaths
When anxious, our breath becomes rapid and shallow. Deep belly breathing helps decrease anxiety by stimulating the body’s relaxation response, lowering our heart rate and blood pressure. It’s a powerful technique that works because you can’t breathe deeply and be anxious at the same time. There are many variations to try, including this simple exercise: Inhale deeply for a count of 4, hold your breath for a count of 4, exhale for a count of 4. Repeat several times.
Go for a walk
Exercise is one of the best anxiety remedies, immediately and long term. Going for a walk creates a diversion from your worries and releases muscle tension. Grab your headphones or earbuds on your way out; studies show that listening to music brings its own calming effects.
Long term, regular exercise triggers the release of feel-good neurochemicals in the brain, building up resilience against stormy emotions. It boosts your confidence and your mood, and you don’t need to run a marathon to feel the benefits. Washing your car, hiking, gardening, a pick-up game — anything that gets you moving counts. Thirty minutes, 3 to 5 days a week can help to significantly improve anxiety symptoms, but even 10 minutes can make a difference.
Try a mini-meditation from Headspace
No matter what’s causing your anxiety, take a pause and try this 3-minute meditation to anchor your mind and body in the present.
Sitting down, take a few deep breaths, in through the nose, and out through the mouth, feeling the breath move through the body, the rising sensation as you breathe in, the falling sensation as you breathe out. Do this a few times, then allow the breath to return to its natural rhythm.
Begin to focus your attention on the physical sensations, either of the weight of the body on the seat beneath you, or the feet on the floor. That’s your anchor, something that doesn’t change, no matter how many thoughts come and go. The moment you realize you’re caught up in thought, come back to that sensation, that feeling of being grounded. It’s as though you’re stepping out of all the business of the mind, and just being present in the body.
Sip some herbal, chamomile, or green tea
If you’re feeling jittery, pour a cup of chamomile or green tea. Known as a sleep aid, chamomile contains a compound called Matricaria recutita, which binds to the same brain receptors as drugs like Valium. Chamomile’s sedative effects may also come from the flavonoid apigenin. In one study at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center in Philadelphia, patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) who took chamomile supplements (1.2 % apigenin) for 8 weeks showed a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms compared with patients taking placebo. (Despite improved quality control, herbal supplements aren’t regulated by the FDA the way medications are, so before taking any supplement, check with your doctor.)
Green tea, long used in Chinese medicine to treat depression, contains the amino acid L-theanine, which relieves stress, and reduces blood pressure and muscle tension. Nuts, whole grains, and broccoli are also rich in L-theanine.
Distract yourself
If you’re feeling anxious, try a distraction technique — anything that redirects your attention away from distressing thoughts or emotions. Run your fingers around the edge of your phone, put your hands under running cold water, color, or draw on a piece of paper. Distractions work because your brain can’t be in two places at once, and shifting your attention to any activity will interrupt a string of racing thoughts.
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