Rural Women are re a resourceful economic agent, who work day and night for the family and their growth in every form economic as well as emotional level. They do businesses; they work in farms; they contribute in family businesses. There are rural women who work for others but are also self employed.

They have a very unequal access to the resources and also go through a lot of discrimination. They also have to suffer through gender norms which needs to be addressed. They also have to work at home unpaid for the huge amount of work for their family.

Some general facts about Rural women in daily discrimination:

• Most rural women workers are unpaid family workers or self employed and exposed to precarious jobs and low pay.
• Rural women are paid on an average 25% less than men. They are considered to be less efficient because of low physical strength and sometimes are not even paid for the same work done by men.
• Rural women also work for longer hours than men. They are expected to look after family and children needs along with work. The society thinks of the woman’s real job to be looking after the family needs and being independent for a woman in these cases is generally considered secondary.
• Most of the rural women are unpaid family workers and their work is generally just considered as a contribution to the family rather than actual work which requires a pay.
• Many times a woman’s entrepreneurship is not accepted by the society and they are not supposed to dedicate all their time into some growth or business.
• Women in rural areas also get less or sometimes no access to education. Sometimes they are just told to leave it halfway because their fate is already decided and hence studying will only increase the burden on the family.

Condition of women in Indian rural society specifically:

Employment Creation and how to do it for rural women: Employment creation mean coming up with new industries and ideas which can and will provide employment to a lot of people which will give them stable income and a stable life. Creation of more sector which require the skills of rural women and can help them excel can prove to be a big boon in the society.

Creating employment: Creating employment can be

• Rural work programmes should be encouraged and women training should be encouraged. Rajasthan had one of the highest no. Of women businesses from home. For example: Lijjat Papad. They should be provided with exposure for their promotion and the brands should be encouraged more than the imported brands.
• And increase in women friendliness and a change of attitude towards working women.
• Providing capital for the women to kick start their business ideas and then paying it with small installments.
• Social protection should be improved that is, creating more awareness about women sanitary pads and other basic needs and creating trusted rural brands for all the basic needs so that they don’t feel on being introduced to something foreign but they should learn using the things made by them only. Giving them more trust on the brand and creating awareness among them about them the better living standards in low costs.
• It is never too late to start new. Their access to technological reforms should be increased. They should start learning more about internet and technology through different organizations whose main job is to educate them. These small jobs will also create employment opportunities.

Since the decline of communalism, Globalization has become one of the most controversial and debating issues among people around the World. Globalization has a different definition to different people, and whether it has a positive impact today or was better for yesterday is still questionable. Although a part of the population questions its existence, it has significantly impacted both developed and developing countries’ economies. Globalization cannot simply be related to being political as it has had significant effects on cultural, ideological, and social aspects of people around the World.

To understand the impact of Globalization, it is important to know what it is. One of the popular political scientist, James Rosenau, described the term as a currently popular label and accounted for people’s norms, goods, ideas, services, activities, and currencies that are localized and practiced in a confined area. As per World Health Organization, Globalization is defined as the interdependence and interconnection of people in a local place with the people around the World. The two main elements that need to work here is the ease of flow of goods, services, and activities of people from one place to another and the incorporation and change in policies that allow the easy flow of exchange around the areas.

Globalization is a complex procedure that includes the trends and tendencies of the economic, cultural, and social spheres of the people and places around the World. The process is huge and not easily predictable but organized as well. The liberation of investment and trade, Social networks worldwide, technological innovation, and entrepreneurship are the four major factors of Globalization.

Many political scientists believe that the two major forces that make Globalization effective are technological innovation and entrepreneurship. However, it is impossible to prove that the process works without the intervention of other factors. With the adoption and evolution of market-related laws and policies in local and international fields, the governments have played a significant role by allowing economic integration of special activities and giving major independence to welcome the outside World. Globalization’s financial aspect is the major force that acts as a driving agent for both the political and social parts. Due to the colonization by Europe in various countries, some of the practices and cultural lifestyle is adopted by the people deep inside the African villages.

Globalization has made way for the countries to develop rapidly. However, the development is not even because some countries are growing quickly in comparison to others. The interconnection between the countries helped decrease poverty, but it does not equally support global community members. The developing countries lie in a depriving position while the developed countries enjoy all the interconnection benefits. However, when we take a close look at the impact of Globalization worldwide, we can conclude that it has both positive and negative effects on both developed and developing countries.

Globalization has proven to make a positive impact on the quality of life of people in developing countries. Funding from foreign countries and industrialized nations are helping many developing countries to decrease poverty. These funds are spent on improving the social, health, transport structure, and education of developing countries, helping them with a standard of living.

Today, the developing countries can openly communicate and trade through transport, labor, technology, management, and other benefits from other industrialized countries.

The impact of Globalization around the World

Globalization has its backdrops that dually affect both the developed and developing countries. However, considering the positive side to be heavier, people still believe it to be beneficial and aim for a better standard of living for all the poor people around the Globe.

The concept of a smart city aims to investigate the implications of smart solutions for sustainable development and smart solutions in the city. These solutions mainly concentrate on the core area of the city’s administration, education, health, transportation etc.

The idea of a smart city has been introduced to highlight the importance of Information and Communication Technologies ( ICT’s) in the past 20 years for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of industrialization. In literal terms, the smart city is used to specify a city’s ability to cater to the needs of citizens. Development of city and quality of life are profoundly influenced by the core systems of a city: transport, education, and government services; public safety and health. Research has focused on these four areas, which identity having high priority.

The literature review highlights that various criteria referring to improve life in a city are mentioned in connection to the terms of a smart city. The most important area for starting to transform a city into a smart one in the system of communication; thus, this area prioritizes the use of modern transport technologies. Smart transformation system works as a highway between the development of city and modern technologies.

The term smart city is also used in the literature regarding the education of its citizen. Therefore, a smart city has smart inhabitants in terms of its educational criterion. The intelligent system represents the future processes of education. This system will affect how the information is received, used, understand, and learned by users. In other, the literature the term smart city is also referred to the relation between the city’s governance or public administration and its citizen.  Good governance is a communication for the citizens, e.g. “ e-governance” or “ e- democracy”.

The health system is like a good solution for a smart city snd this implies to use modern technologies to better the results. The smart health system ensures timely diagnosis thus improving the life of the patients. The concept of the ubiquitous city has been developed into huge international research. It is also known a U-city . a model of a smart city is based on the usage of computer systems to exchange data such as cloud computing, open data etc.

The term smart city has attracted a lot of attention in these recent years. Since the end of the last century, many cities have initiated smart city planning. The first step for the establishment of the smart city is based on the physical telecommunication network infrastructure. The second layer constitutes applications that improve operation in the city like traffic control, etc., the third is based on connectivity and unity of all.

There are a lot of advantages to this new system: energy and other natural resources are spent more efficiently, and the tasks of synchronization are much easier to accomplish. We are now able to identify a lot of smart city in different levels of development, and this concept can be used to define urbanization based on modern technologies.

Sports is such an activity that it can be taken up by anyone; at any age and any point in life. Adults, children and elders – everyone alike can take part in sports. Many regard sports as a mere co-curricular or extra-curricular activity in schools. However, in reality, sports play an equally important role as does education in a person’s life. To achieve overall and all-round development in life, one should be well-versed in both sports and culture. While training sharpens the mind, sports sharpens the body and fitness. Thus, both are essential.

There are numerous advantages of involving oneself in sports. First and foremost, as known by all and very definitively, competitions increase the physical fitness of an individual. Additionally, sports also contribute to building stable mental well-being of a person. Various researchers show that people who are in the daily practice of sports in any form record better mental as well as physical health. Moreover, sports also eliminates the risk of a person catching diseases or facing any bodily interruptions. Competitions increase immunity and increase people’s stamina.

Sports also influence the life expectancy of people, increasing the potential years to live of an average human individual. All of us are associated with games somehow or the other in our lives. While at schools and as kids, we were exposed to sports in various forms. However, since many institutions do not make it obligatory to pursue sports in higher academics, some of us are dissociated from its practice. However, a lot of people take up games further, on their own accord. Some people even decide on pursuing a career in the field.

A lot of people take up a lot of different kinds of sporting activities. There are many outdoor sports; these include cricket, badminton, football, hockey, volleyball etc. Indoor sports such as various board games, table tennis, chess etc. are also popular. One can choose from a large variety. While outdoor sports contribute heavily in building the physical aspect of one’s being, indoor games have a more psychological impact. However, none of the activities can be categorised in a hard and fast way. Every sporting activity contributes to the well- being of a person, both physically and mentally.

Sports also builds several characteristics and personality traits in a person. Sports instils a sense of confidence and enthusiasm in an individual’s attitude. People who are involved in regular sports practices show qualities of leadership, team-work and excellence in their personalities and behaviour. Sports makes one competitive, however in a healthy manner. It also helps us to deal with failure and enables us to work hard in achieving our respective goals.

These are all just a few good qualities that sports brings us into our lives. There are many other attributes that games have. Hence, we should all engage actively and more frequently in sports and other physical activities. It instils discipline in us, makes us active, energetic and increases our mental, emotional and physical state.

The Taj Mahal is the materialized vision of love and marks a perfect indelible remark on it’s Mughal Architecture. This historical monument is the mausoleum of Emporer Shan Jahan’s beloved wife, Empress Arjuman Banu Begum, most commonly known as Mumtaz mahal. The Taj Mahal is a complex comprising of the astonishing vision Ustad Isa Khan of Turkey, the chief architect of this historic monument.

The Taj Mahal now holds a renowned place in UNESCO’s World Heritage Site. The tomb contains a 17-hectare centerpiece. The Taj Mahal is located 2.5 km away from the famous Agra Fort and is a renowned masterpiece of the world holds a special place as the 7th wonders in the world.

About Taj Mahal, The conventional story behind the stunning 17th-century marble mausoleum is Emperor Shah Jahan’s eternal for Mumtaz, who died in childbirth. Historians believe that Shah Jahan remained heartbroken over the Empress’s death and ordered his court into mourning for two whole years.  To treasure all memories of his beloved wife, Shah Jahan undertook the task of building the world’s most treasured beautiful monument as a symbol of love. The construction of the imperial structure took almost 22 solid years with the labor of 22,000 workers. However, there are a few debates that question the construction of the Taj Mahal as a monument of love or guilt.

To invoke the memories of the Mughal era,  a 10-day annual event called the ‘Taj Festival’ is celebrated in February, in front of the Taj Mahal.

The grandeur of the Taj Mahal despite decades after construction resonates as the most attractive human-made tourist spot of the world. The Taj Mahal unveils five major structural components- the Darwaza or the main entrance, the Bageecha or gardens, the Masjid or Mosque, the Naqqar Khana or the rest house, and Rauza, the central mausoleum.

The Taj Mahal’s main chambers consist of pseudo-tombs perforated marble screens. Beneath this lies the shadowy burial crypt that homes the tombs of both the Empress Mumtaz and the Emperor Shah Jahan. The perforated screens transmit light into the grave and is a structure of typical Mughal mausoleum. The tombs hold semi-precious stone linings, and calligraphic inscriptions are found to be inscribed on the sides on Mumtaz’s monument, reveal ing the ninety-nine names, Allah. The Taj structures add great artistic wonder and architectural realm to the place.

Located on banks of the sacred river Yamuna, in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, the Taj Mahal is a royal artwork of multiple talented artisans and artists. The area surrounding the Taj holds many decorative elements such as grass lawns and trees that increase the fragrance of the environment. A few feet apart, at the foothills of the entrance pathway lies a fascinating fountain gleaming with water. However, due to the growing pollution, the white Taj marbles have reacted, leaving yellow-tinged surfaces. To protect the Mahal from further damage, the Indian government has enforced around 4,000-square-mile Taj Trapezium Zone, with strict emissions standards. This beautiful marble masterpiece gives immense pride to all Indians and is considered as a devout symbol of love.

Our mothers are like a security blanket to us because she saves us from all problems. She never regards her own problems and listens to us all time. In order to give her respect, the second Sunday of May month has been dedicated to her to celebrate mother’s day. This event is of great importance to us and our mothers. On this day we should keep our mothers happy and never make them sad. We should always obey her and do work properly. She always wants to make us a good human being in life.

A big program is organized in our school every year on mother’s day to celebrate it conjointly. Our teachers help us in getting prepared for the mother’s day occasion. We learn lots of poems, rhymes, essays, speeches on Mother’s day, conversations, etc for the celebration of this occasion. We are really blessed by God with a caring and loving mother. Without mothers our lives are nothing. We are so lucky as we have a mother. We give lots of special gifts to our mother and she gives us lots of love and care. Out teachers give us an invitation card to invite our mother to school and be the glory of the occasion.

Mothers do lots of activities in the classroom like dancing, singing, poem recitation, speech, etc for our happiness. We too take part in the celebration and show our talent (such as poem recitation, essay writing, speech, dance, singing, etc) in front of the mother and teacher. Our mothers bring a lot of delicious dishes with them to school. At the end of the celebration, we all enjoy eating those delicious dishes together with our teachers and mothers. We are served a variety of dishes by our mothers.

Our mothers are very special. Even after being tired she always smiles for us. She tells us different poems and stories while sleeping in the night. She helps us in preparing our project works and home works and helps us during exam time. She takes care of our uniform and school dress. She teaches us to eat anything only after proper hand washes with soap and water. She teaches us good manners, etiquette, morality, humanity, and helping others always in life. She takes care of my father, grandparents, and my small sister. We all too love her too much and take her outside weekly with all family members.

Alexander the Great was a king of Macedonia who conquered an empire that stretched from Balkans to modern-day Pakistan. He was born on July 20th, 356 BC in Pella, which was the administrative capital of Macedonia.

Alexander was the son of Philip II and Olympias, one of Philip’s eight wives. He was brought up with the belief that he was of divine birth. From his early days, Olympias had encouraged him to believe that he was a descendent of heroes and gods. Nothing he had accomplished would have discouraged him from believing. The personality of Alexander the Great was a paradox. He had great charisma and force of personality, but his character was full of contradictions, especially in his later years. However, he had the ability to motivate his army to do what seems to be impossible.

Alexander was a visionary. His ability to dream, plan and strategize on a large scale allowed him too many battles, even when he was outnumbered. It also helped motivate his men, who knew they were part of one of the greatest conquests in history. Alexander could be inspiring and courageous, continued Abernethy. He was devoted to training his mean, rewarding them with honours and spoils, and going into battle beside them, which furthered their devotion and confidence. The fact that Alexander was young, beautiful and empathetic only helped to increase his influence on his soldiers and subjects.

His father was often away, conquering neighbouring territories and putting down revolts. Nevertheless, King Philip II of Macedon was one of Alexander’s most influential role models. Philip ensured Alexander was given a noteworthy and significant education. He arranged for Alexander to be tutored by Aristotle himself. His education infused him with a love of knowledge, logic, philosophy, music and culture. The teachings of Aristotle would later aid him in the treatment of his new subjects in the empires he invaded and conquered, allowing him to admire and maintain these disparate cultures.

Alexander watched his father campaign nearly every year and win victory after victory. Philip remodelled the Macedonian army from citizen-warriors into a professional organization. In early 324 BC, Alexander reached the city of Susa in Persia. Wanting to unite the Persians and Macedonian and create a new race loyal to him, he ordered many of his officers to marry Persian princesses at a mass wedding. He also took two more wives for himself.

The Macedonian army resented Alexander’s attempt to change their culture, and many mutinied. But after Alexander took a firm stand and replaced Macedonian officers and troops with Persians, his army-backed down. To further diffusion the situation, Alexander returned their titles hosted a huge reconciliation banquet.

Many conquered lands retained the Greek influence Alexander introduced, and several cities he founded remain important cultural centers even today. The period of history from his death to 31 BC, when his empire folded, would come to be known as the Hellenistic period. Alexander the Great is revered as the most powerful and influential leaders in the ancient world ever produced.

In 334 BC Alexander III of Macedon better known as Alexander the Great set out on his grand campaign of conquest against the Persian Achaemenid Empire, aged just 22. Benefitting from the conquests, diplomacy and military reforms of his father, Philip II, Alexander has inherited a powerful professional army that utilized the Phalanx formation.

He would go on to forge one of the largest empires the world had yet seen, conquering the mighty Persian Empire and marching his army as far as the Beas River in India. Alexander won four victories against the Persians: the Battle of the Granicus: May 334 BC, The Battle of Issus: 5 November 333 BC, The Battle of Gaugamela: 1 October 331 BC, The Battle of the Persian Gate: 20 January 330 BC. His ability to dream, plan and strategize on a large scale allowed him too many battles, even when he was outnumbered.

Mental health is crucial and integrates a component of health. Mental health includes an individual’s psychological, emotional and social well-being. Proper mental health results in the proper mental functioning that result in being productive in activities, healthy and fulfilling relationships with other people and having the ability to cope and adapt to adversity.

Proper mental health is essential in every stage of life – from childhood and teenage to adulthood. Throughout a lifetime, an individual can experience mental health issue at any point. This affects not only their mood and behaviour but also changes their way of thinking, of looking at life and facing challenges.

Even though mental health is a highly personal thing, what affects one person may or may not affect the other person; however, some significant factors contribute to mental health problems. These factors include life experiences such as trauma or abuse, biological factors such as genes or chemistry of the brain, and even the family history of mental health problems can affect an individual. Poor mental health is also linked with stressful work conditions, rapid social changes, gender discrimination, gender discrimination, social exclusion, physical illness and human rights violation.

Mental health problems are common, but for the longest time, people have avoided the entire concept of it and taken mental health for granted. At one point, mental health was considered taboo, and anyone seeking help was labelled as mentally ill. Mental health and mental illness are not similar things.

For a long time, mental health has been defined as the absence of mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression. Mental illness typically refers to all the diagnosable mental disorders – health conditions that are characterized by alterations in mood, thinking and behaviour associated with impaired functioning or distress.

Mental health and mental illness together go hand in hand. Individuals having optimal mental health conditions can also face mental illness, where people who have no mental illness can also have poor                 mental health. In recent times, people have started taking mental health seriously and taking proper steps in dealing with any mental health issues. Help is available out there; people with mental health problems can get better by seeking help.

People suffering from mental health issues show various symptoms such as little or no energy, pushing away people and pulling themselves back from regular activities, loss of sleep or the will to eat, smoking, drinking or doing drugs, feeling helpless, yelling and fighting, losing temper very quickly, harming themselves and many more.

Taking care of mental health not only is getting help from professionals when needed but also connecting with other, getting involved in physical activities, helping others, getting enough sleep and staying positive that there is a way out. Positive mental health allows people to realize their full potential, cope with stress in life, work productively and make meaningful contributions to the community. Various factors in people’s lives such as intrapersonal relations, physical factors, childhood trauma and many other conditions can disrupt mental health conditions. Taking care and looking after one’s mental health preserves an individual’s ability to enjoy life.

Mental health is not only the psychological and emotional well-being of an individual but also it is the state of well-being where an individual can use their emotional and cognitive abilities to meet the demands of everyday life and contribute to the society. Mental health is essential in every stage of one’s life, starting from childhood to adolescents up to adulthood.

Every year October 10th is observed as world mental health day. It was started as an annual activity by the world federation by the deputy secretary-general of UNO (United Nations Organisation) at that time for mental health.

Mental health resources in every country are different. At the same time, developed countries of the western world provide mental health programs for every age group. In third world countries where it becomes a struggle to find the basic needs of the families, not much importance is given providing proper mental health aid.

Foreigners often remark that India is a land of temples, shrines and sacred places. With the history of India are intertwined many stories that are religious, legendary and social. Right from Kashmir to Kerala, we come across temples of many Gods and Goddesses.

One of the biggest temples of India is the newly built Lakshmi Narayan temple (Birla Mandir) in Delhi. This temple was built by late industrialist Shri G.D. Birla.

As we approach the temple, we see a majestic and magnificent construction. It covers a wide area having the front wall artistically built with gates in it. At the back of this temple, lie the hilly mounds. The trees give it a very natural and fascinating look.

The entire temple has been built with marble. Inside the temple, there is the statue of Lord Krishna that lies in the central precincts. There are engravings and murals on the walls of the inner temple that depict the stories of The Ramayana and The Mahabharata. There are green lawns inside the temple and parks having many swings and slides on which the children can play. The figures of cow, camel, bear and many other animals, have been carved in stone. The fountains and water coming out of a tiger’s mouth attract people.

On one side of the temple akhand-kirtan or non-stop singing goes on in praise of the Lord. People going to the temple listen to it with full attention. Devotees, saints and sages are seen reciting the sacred hymns of the holy Bhagwad Gita.

The Lakshmi Narayan Temple wears a grand and decent look on the days of Janam Ashtami and Ram Navami, i.e., the birthdays of Lord Krishna and Lord Rama, respectively. Thousands of visitors visit this temple on these days. There is a great rush of people during these days. The temple-tops are illuminated with fancy electric bulbs and it presents an exquisite sight.

Pujas are performed. This sacred place hums with activity during the festivals. The entire temple is lit-up with electric bulbs and lights on the day of Deepawali. If we visit this temple on Deepawali, when it is decorated with glittering lights and adorned by the flowers and other decorative things, we derive great mental satisfaction and solace.

 journey by train is always an interesting experience. In the winter of 2009,1 happened to attend the marriage of one of my friends. My friend lived in Amritsar. I got a seat reserved in the first-class compartment from Delhi to Amritsar in a super-fast train and its a winter season.

When the train crossed the platform, it began to pick up speed. Soon, it ran very fast and after some time, reached Panipat. I was carrying some novels, tit-bits, magazines and a newspaper with me. For some time, I read but I soon got bored and gazed outside. A peep through the window of the train showed me a charming sight. I saw lush green fields, trees, groves and forests from the window of the running train. I also saw farmers ploughing the fields. Then my train reached Ambala at 4.50 p.m. Here I had my evening tea at the tea-stall on the railway platform. There was a lot of rush. The hawkers and vendors were selling a variety of foodstuffs. Soon, the train whistled. I got into my compartment and the train left the station.

From Ambala, a foreigner couple boarded my compartment. The couple seemed nice and friendly, so I enquired about their country. The man at once quipped that he belonged to Norway. Then both the husband and wife began to narrate the facts about Norwegians. They also compared the same with the facts and information about India. His wife spoke highly of Indian womanhood. She praised their beauty and behaviour. She also praised the culture, civilisation and places of historical and religious interests in India. Both were deeply impressed by the grandeur of Punjab. Its folklores and festivals were highly appreciated by them. This chat with the foreigner couple was quite interesting for me.

It was night. There was darkness outside. The chilling wind began to blow. My train was nearing its destination. The train halted at Jalandhar. The engine was also changed there. The train then steamed off and ran at full throttle. The piercing wind was penetrating through the open window panes. At 9 p.m. the train reached Amritsar. The platform was lit up with lights. I got down from the train. I met my friend who had come to receive me at the railway station. We both then drove to his home. It was a pleasant journey by train in winter. It added to my experience and knowledge.

I was a bit apprehensive at first by just seeing that the premise of this show was based on superheroes. I didn’t think that they would have the budget to deliver the level of VFX that Marvel and DC have been managing to. Although they get around this issue by spacing out action set pieces and largely constraining to hand to hand combat when they do get to the larger action scenes involving computer effects and stunt coordination they are able to deliver on a large scale.

In many ways, this did not feel like a TV show at all. It felt like an 8-hour movie that was just split into 8 halves. There are no instances where the show seemed to drag for the purpose of producing more episodes, it did not also pander to less interesting side characters to pass the time. The whole show seems very cohesive and consistent with the logic in its universe. It also adroitly uses its soundtrack at appropriate places only when it is necessary. The show also manages to balance humor and its dark tone quite well.

I found this show extremely mature, not only in the sense of its visual presentation which is extremely gory and ultra-violent but also in terms of the ideas and themes it is trying to convey. It touches on many topics like religion, fame, capitalism, nihilism, and loss. All these ideas are eloquently carried out throughout the show in such a way that they do not impede the actual story development. The color pallet of this show is also very dark and grainy, which I am not always a fan of but it actually works here because unlike other films or shows who use their R rating unwittingly and sporadically, this one uses it with the purpose to show the reality of the world.

By far my favorite aspect of this show is its characters. Every character in this show has multiple dimensions. They are not just completely evil or noble, even some of our main characters have questionable morals. They all have a strong background and motivation and they definitely do justice in further developing these characters as the season moves along. I found the character of Billy Butcher, played by Karl Urban, the most interesting. This is because several aspects of his life are lightly alluded throughout the season, making the audience want to know more about this character.

I know this is not the first of its kind to make a show about morally compromised heroes but it is also a lot more than that. It has a lot to say about society and huge cooperations running our lives. It just uses superheroes as a medium to convey all those ideas. My only gripe with this show is its plot convenience and misplaced exposition. I strongly recommend checking it out.

History of Amazon:

The company was created as a result of what Jeff Bezos called his “regret minimization framework”, which described his efforts to fend off any regrets for not participating sooner in the Internet business boom during that time. In 1994, Bezos left his employment as vice-president of D. E. Shaw & Co., a Wall Street firm, and moved to Seattle, Washington, where he began to work on a business plan for what would become Amazon.com.

On July 5, 1994, Bezos initially incorporated the company in Washington state with the name Cadabra, Inc. After a few months he changed the name to Amazon.com, Inc, because a lawyer misheard its original name as “cadaver”. In its early days, the company was operated out of the garage of Bezos’s house on Northeast 28th Street in Bellevue, Washington. In September 1994, Bezos purchased the domain name relentless.com and briefly considered naming his online store Relentless, but friends told him the name sounded a bit weird. The domain is still owned by Bezos and still redirects to the retailer.

Introduction:

Amazon  is an  American  international  e-commerce  company.  It  was started by Jeffrey P. Bezos  in the  year 1994. And  it was  launched in

India in June 2013. Three years back, Amazon had no infrastructure in

India, and now it dominates the Indian markets. At the very start it was

perception of investors that in India It will not go long like China as   in

the    2004  when  Amazon  entered  in  China  it  hasn’t  seen  much

success there with Alibaba, its Chinese competitor, dominating the e-

commerce market. After its bad run in China, Bezos is going all in for

India. 

Fact  behind formation of  Amazon  in  India was  its huge  number  of headcounts i.e.  1.25 billion four  times as  big  as the  U.S.’s  and  more.

than  doubles  . Of these  500 million around  35  are

Internet users. As per researches the yearly growth rate of internet users is  highest  in  India  around  six  million  users  join  every  month. Researchers expect  the online shopping  market  in India  to reach $15 billion by 2016 up from only $35 million in 2014.

Objectives Of Business Model:

• To look into the strategy of Amazon to assess and be prepared for  the foreseen challenges of running Am
• To understand Amazons expansion strategy in detail.

  Amazon India Business model:

 Amazon targets the middle class & upper class people who  have hands on experience in technology but don’t have much  time  to  do  shopping  from  the  physical  outlets.  Taking  this  into  consideration  Amazon  has successfully positioned itself as a Glocal (Go global Act local) e-commerce giant where one can buy anything & get it delivered at any remote locations. Using the catchphrase Aur Dikhao its most recent campaign in India, it has further helped them carve a distinct space in the consumer’s mind.

 Company  acquired  many  IT  &   e-commerce  start-ups  like  pets.com,  audible.com,  Junglee.com,  IMBD.com,

Zappos.com,  Woot  etc. for    providing  high value  to their customers  using existing  technology of the  acquired

partners at low cost.

Company’s  CRM  records  data  on  customer’s  buying  behavior.  It enables them to  offer individual items,  relaconsumers or bundle them as an offer, based upon preferences demonstrated through purchases or items visited. Revenue model defines how a firm aims to generate higher return on investment and profits. Important e-commerce

revenue models include advertising, subscription, transaction fee, sales, and affiliate revenue models (Laudon and

Traver, 2009). Market opportunity gives description of possible revenue a company is likely to generate from its

proposed marketspace. 

 .

In the U.S., by contrast, Amazon holds and sells its own inventory of toys, books, and more in addition to selling

goods from third-party sellers. The Indian Government, however, plans to allow foreign companies that manufacture their products in the country to sell them directly to consumers over the Internet. But Amazon would have to start making its products in India to take advantage of the change in the  law. Amazon’s model in India differs slightly .

As we discussed earlier that major foreign ownership to operate retail locations having their own inventory . Because of which amazon serves with warehousing and shipping goods

Amazon is an American international e-commerce company. It was started by Jeffrey P.  Bezos in the year 1994.

And it was launched in India in June 2013. Three  years back, Amazon had no  infrastructure in India, and now it dominates the  Indian markets.  So main objective of the case is  to study the  challenges  faced  by Amazon India during initial years and what strategy it followed to overcome the challenges. This case will also study the business model of amazon in India

Amazon entered in China it hasn’t seen much success there with Alibaba its Chinese   the

commerce market. After its bad run in China, Bezos is going all in for India. 

Fact behind formation of Amazon in India was its huge number of headcounts i.e. 1.25 billions.

Researchers expected the online shopping market in India to have reached 15 million by 2016.

Amazon is known for knowledgeable products

Note: References taken from different websites as the data was number based.

-Medha Singh

The Rule of law and its origins:

The rule of law is a concept that describes the supreme authority of the law over

governmental action and individual behaviour. It corresponds to a situation where both

the government and individuals are bound by the law and comply with it. It is the

antithesis of tyrannical or arbitrary rule.

The rule of law is the product of historical developments over centuries and is linked to

the rise of the liberal democratic form of government in the West. The rule of law is the

subject of competing theories.

For some, the concept has a purely formal meaning.

Under this concept of the rule of law, the state must act in accordance with the laws it has

promulgated and these laws must meet a certain number of minimum characteristics. For

others, the concept has a wider, more substantive, meaning that incorporates ideals of

justice and fairness. Further meanings can also be ascribed to the concept according to

various political ideologies.

Although it is generally accepted that the extent to which a government adheres to the

rule of law is indicative of the degree of legitimacy of its actions, the divergent use of the

term illustrate that the concept is far from having achieved a universally accepted

meaning. Indeed, while some declare the concept to have attained the status of a new

universally-accepted political ideal following the end of the Cold War.

The rule of law has evolved over centuries and is inextricably linked to historical

developments that have led to the gradual emergence of liberal democracies and their

underlying modes of governance and legal systems.

The role that law plays in society was the subject of philosophical discussions in Greek

and Roman antiquity. In one of his last dialogues, The Laws (circa 360 B.C.), Plato is

credited with positing the idea that the government should be subservient to the law. The

idea was further refined by his student Aristotle in his work The Politics (circa 350 B.C.)

in which he contrasted the rule of law, reason, with the rule of man, passion, to explain

why the government should be bound by law as means to prevent arbitrary rule and the

abuse of power.Both philosophers agreed that laws must be promulgated for the

common good.  These Greek works had a notable influence on Roman legal thought,

most notably on Cicero, who emphasised in De Legibus (circa 54-51 B.C.) that the law

must be for the good of the community as a whole, thereby subjecting law to ideals of

justice. The fall of the Roman Republic at the hands of emperors gave way to autocratic

rule. During the reign of Emperor Justinian I, Roman law was codified.

Meaning Of the Rule of law:

For some, the concept has a purely formal meaning, in which the rule of law requires the

state to act in accordance with the laws it has promulgated and these laws must meet a

certain number of minimum characteristics. However, for others, the concept has a wider,

more substantive, meaning that incorporate ideals of justice and fairness and respect for

fundamental rights.

Under formalistic theories – termed by some as the “thin rule of law” or “rule by law” –

the government must operate within the confines of the law, whatever those laws might

be. Contemporary formalistic theories tend to share the liberal view of the rule of law as

being equivalent to formal legality. From this perspective, the rule of law is therefore not

concerned with the content of the laws, but rather the optimal functioning of the legal

system with a view to providing individuals with a certain degree of predictability as

regards the legal consequences of their actions. Formal theories of the rule of law tends to

be the most widely accepted and are embraced by international development agencies,

because they are capable of universal appeal regardless of whether certain countries

recognise fundamental rights or democratic values.

In The Morality That Makes Law Possible (1964), Lon Fuller explained that, in order to

act as a proper guide to behaviour, the law must be characterised by the existence of a

system of rules that meets a certain number of characteristics. Although Fuller

acknowledged that the occasional and partial absence of any of these criteria was

unavoidable because a balance has to be achieved between legal certainty and society’s

ability to change laws, he also stressed that the complete absence of one or more criteria

would result in complete failure of the law. Although these criteria were not directed at

providing a definition of the rule of law but rather a definition of law itself, Fuller’s list of

characteristics has been incorporated one way or another in contemporary definitions of the rule of law.

Criticisms of the Rule of law:

It is undeniable that the rule of law forms an integral part of the liberal form of

democratic government worldwide. It goes without saying that “freedom under the rule

of law” is an oft-repeated mantra of Western liberal democracies. In this sense, adherence

for the rule of law therefore appears to carry with it a number of connotations of a social

and political nature. Seen in this light, the rule of law is not necessarily a politically

neutral concept.

For instance, some argue that a model of government based on the welfare state is

incompatible with the rule of law. In a later edition of Introduction to Study of the Laws

of the Constitution, Dicey had deplored what he saw as the decline in the rule of law

owing in part to the emergence of the welfare state and the adoption of legislation that

gave regulatory and adjudicatory powers to administrative entities without recourse to

judicial review by the courts. This concern has been shared by liberal commentators over

time. Like Dicey, Hayek argued that the welfare state was incompatible with the rule of

law. Nonetheless, it could be argued that these concerns have been tempered by the rise

of administrative law as a distinct area of law in common law countries, where the

ordinary courts have developed an elaborate body of case law that has placed limits on

administrative discretion, some of which has been codified into legislation. Dicey

criticised as being incompatible with the rule of law the existence in France of separate

administrative laws that deal with relations between government and the governed and

which did not fall within the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts. However, it is now

recognised that the establishment of administrative courts that are distinct from the civil

and criminal courts in countries following the civil code tradition has ensured to a large

extent that discretionary actions taken by the government do not go unchecked.

Moreover, it is undeniable that certain countries that follow the civil law tradition – for

example Belgium and Sweden – which pride themselves on having a political system that

embraces social welfare, are also widely accepted as adhering to the rule of law.

Natural Law and it’s Definition:

It is undeniable that the rule of law forms an integral part of the liberal form of

democratic government worldwide. It goes without saying that “freedom under the rule

of law” is an oft-repeated mantra of Western liberal democracies. In this sense, adherence

for the rule of law therefore appears to carry with it a number of connotations of a social

and political nature. Seen in this light, the rule of law is not necessarily a politically

neutral concept.

For instance, some argue that a model of government based on the welfare state is

incompatible with the rule of law. In a later edition of Introduction to Study of the Laws

of the Constitution, Dicey had deplored what he saw as the decline in the rule of law

owing in part to the emergence of the welfare state and the adoption of legislation that

gave regulatory and adjudicatory powers to administrative entities without recourse to

judicial review by the courts. This concern has been shared by liberal commentators over

time. Like Dicey, Hayek argued that the welfare state was incompatible with the rule of

law. Nonetheless, it could be argued that these concerns have been tempered by the rise

of administrative law as a distinct area of law in common law countries, where the

ordinary courts have developed an elaborate body of case law that has placed limits on

administrative discretion, some of which has been codified into legislation. Dicey

criticised as being incompatible with the rule of law the existence in France of separate

administrative laws that deal with relations between government and the governed and

which did not fall within the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts. However, it is now

recognised that the establishment of administrative courts that are distinct from the civil

and criminal courts in countries following the civil code tradition has ensured to a large

extent that discretionary actions taken by the government do not go unchecked.

Moreover, it is undeniable that certain countries that follow the civil law tradition – for

example Belgium and Sweden – which pride themselves on having a political system that

embraces social welfare, are also widely accepted as adhering to the rule of law.

Natural law’s Origin:

It is undeniable that the rule of law forms an integral part of the liberal form of

democratic government worldwide. It goes without saying that “freedom under the rule

of law” is an oft-repeated mantra of Western liberal democracies. In this sense, adherence

for the rule of law therefore appears to carry with it a number of connotations of a social

and political nature. Seen in this light, the rule of law is not necessarily a politically

neutral concept.

For instance, some argue that a model of government based on the welfare state is

incompatible with the rule of law. In a later edition of Introduction to Study of the Laws

of the Constitution, Dicey had deplored what he saw as the decline in the rule of law

owing in part to the emergence of the welfare state and the adoption of legislation that

gave regulatory and adjudicatory powers to administrative entities without recourse to

judicial review by the courts. This concern has been shared by liberal commentators over

time. Like Dicey, Hayek argued that the welfare state was incompatible with the rule of

law. Nonetheless, it could be argued that these concerns have been tempered by the rise

of administrative law as a distinct area of law in common law countries, where the

ordinary courts have developed an elaborate body of case law that has placed limits on

administrative discretion, some of which has been codified into legislation. Dicey

criticised as being incompatible with the rule of law the existence in France of separate

administrative laws that deal with relations between government and the governed and

which did not fall within the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts. However, it is now

recognised that the establishment of administrative courts that are distinct from the civil

and criminal courts in countries following the civil code tradition has ensured to a large

extent that discretionary actions taken by the government do not go unchecked.

Moreover, it is undeniable that certain countries that follow the civil law tradition – for

example Belgium and Sweden – which pride themselves on having a political system that

embraces social welfare, are also widely accepted as adhering to the rule of law.

August 1st, 2019, I knew my world had changed, for one thing, I loved biology with all my heart, and the other was I was standing at the admission center of Sahyadri Engineering college. I was put into a whole different world from what I had previously planned up for myself. Till that day of my life, the only thing I knew was that I wanted to be a Doctor.

Maybe because all my life, I was around my cousins who were doctors too. But when I genuinely asked for their opinion, they asked me one thing, Studying MBBS and being a doctor is no joke, there will be times where you will be frustrated because there will be too much to study, you won’t be able to get proper sleep or even time for yourself, Do you still want to be a doctor? Well it was at that time something clicked in me, so even before I knew it, I had suddenly backed out. I wanted to do something different, at the same time I also wanted a bit of freedom, where I had time to concentrate on myself too. So now one thing was sure that, there was no turning back, no matter how hard it gets I will have to stick up with my choice of stream.

In A New Place And New Environment

In the beginning, It was hard to open up with strangers, but the Induction program gave me a chance to speak with people, where I came to know some were in similar condition as mine. Then I met one of a senior, and she turned out to be my biggest blessing there. She introduced me to her friends. One of the many things we had in common was dancing, so she introduced me to a dance group from our college. I met some amazing dancers there. All the rehearsals kept me busy and didn’t give me a chance to think twice as to why I chose engineering. Without even knowing I had already blended in and made some friends. And formed our small group of friends of five people. Those who still are close to my heart.

An Unforgettable Experience

In the following month of October, we saw a notice was put up on the notice board of each class. It was a chance for us to go, participate, and attend events that were being held at different colleges in a different place, while with full attendance in each subject. Our class people were soon divided into two teams. One to go to BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, and the other one to Thapur University, Punjab. I was in the first team, of Hyderabad. We were a total of twenty-two people along with two mentors to guide us. Our team was named ‘The Hawx’. We had around two weeks to prepare all our bots. We stayed at college late nights, for work. It was a new experience too. Along with work we bonded and enjoyed while having dinner together in college.

I also caught a glimpse of what a team and teamwork actually were. Because in this field you can do things alone, but when in a team, be it the idea or the end product it comes a lot better than what you usually do alone. You learn to be understanding of each other and respect their opinions too. And also learn that some misunderstandings or problems can be solved by simply sitting and discussing, what and where things went wrong, then brainstorming ideas, and come up with an even better solution. And even then if things seemed very unsatisfying, we knew there was always someone to guide us, like our mentors who have already gone through with all the process and also know how to make the best of the worst situation that we may face during the competition.

Taking The Initiative

As all these events were going on, simultaneously every first-year student had an additional more practical subject called SIP – Social Innovative Program. Where we were divided into teams of five, every class was given a topic to work on, as for our class we were given the topic of ‘Horticulture’. We were asked to form a problem statement by asking them, what all problems they faced, as well as come up with a project as its solution. We interviewed farmers, shopkeepers, chemists, lecturers, This program taught me to be alert and also increased my level of curiosity. As it was teamwork, it also improved my team-building skills and initiation-taking skills. As the interview was to be done in a formal manner, it also helped me improve my soft skills, and my teammates also helped me boost my confidence.

Overall the whole year, I discovered my new sides that I didn’t even know existed. I had a great year filled with both sweet and some bitter memories. Even though I don’t know what the future holds for me, this time I will be looking forward to it!

About the book

Inferno is a 2013 mystery thriller novel by American author Dan Brown and the fourth book in his Robert Langdon series, following Angels & Demons, The Da Vinci Code and The Lost Symbol. The book was published on May 14, 2013, ten years after publication of The Da Vinci Code (2003), by Doubleday. It was number one on the New York Times Best Seller list for hardcover fiction and Combined Print & E-book fiction for the first eleven weeks of its release, and also remained on the list of E-book fiction for the first seventeen weeks of its release. A film adaptation was released in the United States on October 28, 2016.

Important character

Robert Langdon: An American professor of symbology at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts and protogonist of the novel.

Sienna Brooks: A doctor and Zobrist’s former lover who works for The Consortium and secondary antogonist. She helps Langdon find the virus Zobrist created, but her past relationship with Zobrist makes her loyalty to Langdon suspicious until the end of the novel. She was a loyal disciple of Zobrist until she reads his last letter and decides to get his new technology before it can fall into the wrong hands. She believes the World Health Organization will cooperate with other government agencies to use Zobrist’s new virus for weapons. She uses The Consortium and Langdon to follow the Map of Hell and get to ground zero before everyone else, but realizes that Zobrist had set off a futile search as he released his virus well beforehand.

Bertrand Zobrist: A transhumanist genius scientist who is obsessed with Dante’s Inferno and a primary antagonist of the novel. He is intent on solving the world’s overpopulation problem by releasing a virus.

Elizabeth Sinskey: The head of the World Health Organization who hires Langdon to find Zobrist’s virus. She became infertile after taking steroids to help with her childhood asthma attacks and as such is emotionally invested in Zobrist’s method of controlling world population.

Cristoph Brüder: Head of the SRS team (part of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) who is ordered by Sinskey to find Langdon after she loses contact with him.

The Provost: The head of The Consortium. He tries to bring to fruition Zobrist’s wishes by securing the location of the virus from Langdon and Sinskey and scheduling to release to the media a video Zobrist made before his death. When he learns that he was helping Zobrist in a bio-terrorist attack, he helps the World Health Organization to search for the weapon. He is eventually arrested for his part in the events.

Vayentha: The Consortium’s agent in Florence who has orders to follow Langdon but is later disavowed after failing her mission. She falls to her death after a confrontation with Langdon and Brooks in the Palazzo Vecchio.

Jonathan Ferris: An agent of The Consortium who pretends to be in league with the World Health Organization. He used fake eyebrows and a mustache to act as Dr. Marconi in the beginning of the novel.

Marta Alvarez: An employee at the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence who assists Langdon with Dante’s death mask. She is pregnant with her first child.

Ignazio Busoni: The obese director of Il Duomo in Florence, nicknamed “il Duomino”, who assists Langdon with Dante’s death mask. He succumbs to a heart attack prior to the events of the novel.

Ettore Vio: The curator of St. Mark’s basilica in Venice.

Mirsat: A tour guide of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul.

Story plot

Harvard symbolism professor Robert Langdon wakes up in a hospital in Florence, Italy with a head wound and no memory of the last few days. Dr. Sienna Brooks, one of the doctors tending to him, reveals that he is suffering from amnesia. When Vayentha, an assassin, shows up in the hospital and kills one of the doctors, while attempting to kill Langdon, Brooks helps Langdon escape, and they flee to her apartment.

Langdon finds a cylinder with a biohazard sign in his jacket and decides to call the U.S. consulate. He learns that they are searching for him, but, prompted by Brooks, claims to be across the street from her apartment, to avoid getting her more involved. Soon, Langdon sees Vayentha pull up to the location he gave the consulate, deducing that the U.S. government wants to kill him. Langdon opens the container and finds a small medieval bone cylinder fitted with a hi-tech projector that displays a modified version of Botticelli’s Map of Hell, which is based on Dante’s Inferno. A trail of clues leads them toward the Old City.

He goes there with Brooks, but they find that a secretive team of soldiers, and the Florentine Carabinieri searching for them. They flee, and Langdon examines the “Map of Hell” again, noticing several changes to the layers. Langdon discovers a phrase from the painting The Battle of Marciano by Vasari, located in the Palazzo Vecchio. They manage to evade the soldiers and get into the Old City using the Vasari Corridor.

At the Palazzo, Langdon meets the director of the museum, Marta Alvarez, who recognizes him, having met him and Ignazio Busoni, the director of Il Duomo, the previous night, when she showed them Dante’s death mask. Langdon asks to see the mask again, to retrace his steps, but they find the mask gone, and security footage shows Langdon and Busoni stealing the mask. Fleeing, Langdon and Sienna listen to a message left by Busoni, referring to “Paradise 25”.Vayentha murderes Ferris with the squib breaking his ribs.

Langdon and Brooks escape the guards, but the soldiers arrive, and chase them across the attic. Vayentha also arrives, and in a confrontation with Langdon, Brooks pushes her to her death. Langdon connects the phrase “Paradise 25” to the Florence Baptistry, where they find the Dante mask along with a riddle from its current owner, a billionaire geneticist named Bertrand Zobrist. Brooks explains that Zobrist was a geneticist who advocated the halting of humanity’s growth, and that he was rumored to be working on an engineered disease to do so. Ferris, claiming to be from the World Health Organization (WHO), helps them escape the soldiers. Ferris had been ordered to detain Brooks. They follow the riddle to Venice. Ferris collapse was due to Brooks punching him in his damaged ribs, with Brooks claiming he is suffering from massive internal bleeding, causing Langdon to suspect Ferris has been infected with Zobrist’s plague. Langdon is captured by a group of soldiers while Brooks escapes.

Langdon is taken to Dr. Elizabeth Sinskey, the director-general of the WHO. She explains that Zobrist, who committed suicide the week before, had supposedly developed a new biological plague that will cause infertility in a third of the worlds’ population, in order to solve the problem of the world’s impending overpopulation, citing the Doomsday Argument. Sinskey raided Zobrist’s safe deposit box, found the cylinder and flew Langdon to Florence to follow the clues. However, he stopped communicating with Sinskey after meeting with Alvarez and Ignazio and the WHO feared he betrayed them and was working with Zobrist. The soldiers were the WHO’s emergency response team, and not meant to kill him.

Zobrist had paid a shadowy consulting group “The Consortium” to protect the cylinder until a certain date. He also left a video filled with disturbing Dante imagery, and then showed a picture of the plague itself, kept in a hidden underwater location, within a slowly dissolving bag. The video claims that the world will be changed the following morning. When Sinskey retrieved it, the Consortium abducted Langdon and staged every event up to this point, to motivate him to solve it.

Brooks goes rogue and The Consortium realizes she was a secret supporter and lover of Zobrist. She learned where the plague was being kept after Langdon solved the riddle and acquires a private jet to get to it. Langdon, the WHO and The Consortium team up to stop her. After watching Zobrist’s video, they conclude that the bag containing the plague will be fully dissolved by the date the video specifies and that Zobrist’s clues point to its location: the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. They find the plague is in the Cistern but discover Brooks already there. The bag that held the plague had already been broken, presumably spreading to the outer world via visiting tourists. Brooks runs out of the Cistern, causing panicked tourists to stampede, while Langdon gives chase.

Despite almost escaping, Brooks returns, and reveals that the bag had already dissolved one week earlier. The date specified in Zobrist’s video was the mathematical calculation of when the entire world would be infected, which has already happened. The plague that Zobrist created is revealed to be a vector virus that randomly activates to employ DNA modification to cause sterility in one third of humans. Brooks reveals that she was trying to stop the virus herself, distrusting the WHO, fearing the virus would be weaponized if they found it. The leader of The Consortium tries to escape WHO custody, but is caught later. Brooks receives amnesty in exchange for working with the WHO to address the crisis, since she has extensive knowledge of Zobrist’s research and work

Have you ever been in that awkward situation with someone where you couldn’t get past the short talks? Starts with the greetings and then a complete full stop? The root cause of all these problems is improper communication skills!

WHAT EXACTLY IS COMMUNICATION?

Well, the textbook may define it as “the act of giving, receiving, and sharing information” But it is much more than that, and when put into simple words, it’s basically exchanging ideas and thoughts, being open-minded about each other’s perspective and being a little vulnerable enough to trust the person that you speak to.

HOW TO GET BETTER AT COMMUNICATION IN THE PROFESSIONAL SECTOR?

Some people may face issues when they need to start up the talk, they are usually blank in the beginning, don’t know how to start the conversation, but once they get into it and open up, they find no issues in continuing the conversation.

• Have some ‘deep’ conversation starters on hand : 

You can’t expect topics to simply click in your mind, so maybe it is better to prepare yourself beforehand. In order to do that, you must first need to assume that, the person you are talking to also matches the same enthusiasm as yours. Even when unsure, take the initiative, it may end up blowing your mind!

• Ask questions about topics the other person is interested in :

One of the best ways to continue the conservation is speaking on the topics the other person is interested in, so in order to do that, you must at the least know something’s about him/her, which can either be done by a small background check, if the person you are speaking to has direct influence over you, then it is better to know things about him/her in order to impress. Else you can pick up by their body language as to where their interests may lay.

• Don’t push people to see your perspective :

All of us are unique in our own way, also mindsets vary from person to person. When you are talking about a certain topic make sure you are just pointing out your thoughts and opinions but not pushing them. They will have their own perspective, listen to it, not all of our facts need to be correct as sometimes when you go deeper into the subject you may realize that there is a possibility to look into the matter differently too! So instead of pushing your thoughts, keep the conversation light and end with “What are your opinions about it?”

• Avoid talking about the weather : 

The topic of weather simply means that you are either not interested in the conversation or don’t know what else to speak about. So I suggest you not take up this topic.

• Reveal something slightly personal about yourself :

Instead of directly jumping to the point, you can talk about your own experience as to why you have the opinion that you have. When you tell them more about yourself they get a clear idea too! Instead of asking them questions and expecting answers, you can ask for their stories, instead of asking questions like, “How was your weekend?” or, “What’s up?” try asking “What was the best part of your weekend?” or “What are you looking forward to this week?”

Never back down, feeling that you speaking or that your accent isn’t good enough. You need to make mistakes in order to learn! Take the initiative and go with the flow!

Cricket the game of bond, the game of love has many viewers all around the world. So here is the list of top 5 bowlers of all time.

1) Muttiah Muralitharan

Muralitharan is one of the biggest bowler in cricket history. He is a right- arm off break bowler. He made his debut vs Australia in R.Premadasas stadium on 28th August 1992. With his right-arm off break bowling style he has 1347 international wickets in his name which came in just 583 innings with an average of 22.86. He had conceded runs with an economy of 2.92.

2) Shane Warne

Shane Warne is one of the biggest Australian spinner around the world. He is well known for his magical skills of turning the ball. He is a Right-arm leg break bowler. He made his international debut vs India in Sydney Cricket Ground on 2nd January 1992. He has 1001 international wickets in his name which came in just 464 innings with an average of 25.51. He had conceded runs with an economy of just 2.98.

3) Anil Kumble

4) Glenn McGrath

Anil Kumble know as the gem of Indian bowling. He is one of the greatest spinners in India. He is a Right-arm leg break bowler. He made his international debut vs SriLanka in Sharjah Cricket Stadium on 25th April 1990. He has 956 international wickets on his name which came in just 501 innings with an average of 30.09. He had given runs with an economy of just 3.11.

Glenn McGrath another great Australian bowler know for his ability to swing the bowl. Mcgrath had a very great rivalry with sachin. He is a Right-arm fast-medium bowler. He made his international debut vs Newzealand in W.A.C.A. Ground in 12th November 1993. He has 949 international wickets on his name which cam win just 493 innings with an average of 21.76. He had conceded runs with an economy of just 2.93.

5) Wasim Akram

Wasim akram know as the legend of pakistan bowling. He had made his huge name on his ability to swing the bowl and gave batsmen’s a nightmare. He is a Left-arm fast bowler. He made his international debut vs Newzealand in Iqbal Stadium on 23rd November 1984. He has 916 international wickets on his name which came in just 532 innings with an average of 23.57. He had conceded runs with an economy of just 3.17.

Cricket one of the famous sports in India and in many other countries all around the world. Some love batsmen and some love bowlers. So here is the list of five best batsmen of all time

1) Sachin Tendulkar

Sachin Tendulkar or God of cricket, who does not know him. Everyone all around the globe is familiar with this name even if they love cricket or not. Sachin test debut was on 15 November 1989 vs pakistan. Sachin’s international runs of all three format is 34357 in just 782 innings with an average of 48 and strike rate of 67.58. He also has 100 international centuries on his name.

2) Kumar Sangakkara

Kumar Sangakkara is one of the most successful wicket- keeper batsmen and also a successful captain of SriLanka. He made his debut against Pakistan in Galle international stadium on 5th July 2000. He scored 28016 international runs in all three formats in just 666 innings with an average of 46.77 and stikr rate of 66.56. He also has 63 international centuries on his name.

3) Ricky Ponting

Ricky ponting is one of the most successful batsmen and captain of Australia till now. He made his debut vs south africa in Basin reserves stadium in 15th February 1995. He has 27483 international runs on his name in just 668 innings with an average of 45.95 and strike rate of 68.48. He also has 71 century on his name.

4) Mahela Jayawardene

Mahela Jayawardene is also one of the successful srilankan captain under his captaincy srilanka wents to final in 2007 world cup but unfortunately they lost the game. He made his debut vs India in R.Premadasa stadium on 2nd August 1997. He has 25957 international runs on his name in just 725 innings with an average of 39.15 and stike rate of 64.73. He also has 54 centuries recorded on his name.

5) Jacques Kallis

Jacques Kallis is known as the best cricket all rounder all around the world. He made his debut vs England in Kingsmead stadium on 14th December 1995. Under his 20 year long cricket career he has made 25534 international runs in just 617 innings with an average of 49.10 and strike rate of 56.30. He also has 62 international centuries recorded on his name.

Friendship is one of the purest forms of relationship. It’s a connection built on affection, love, and trust in each other. True friends are those who stay with you in your toughest times and show empathy to you no matter what. It is evident that when you are in any problem, the first thought that arises in your mind is FRIENDS. You also never miss a chance to share your happiness with them. If you are happy, your friends are, and vice-versa.

Always value your friends, their love, and their trust. Such people are rare who take care of you and ask about you as to how you are. Friendship can mold a person to his/her best version. They correct you when you go wrong and appreciate you when you are correct. Friends bring happiness and joy to our lives. Friends can have a great impact on your mental and physical health. When we are sad, they are always there as stressbusters.

From those crazy night stays to sleeping the whole day, we have had lots of fun. We plan to go out for movies, having yummy pizzas and burgers, enjoying fresh air by the beachside. Friends never fail to tease each other and be mischievous. They find reasons to irritate each other till the other person is tired of it. So, it’s always amazing to be surrounded by crazy friends.

Everything doesn’t always go peaceful. There are ups and downs in friendship too. If there are any misunderstandings or arguments, try to clear them out calmly. Never let go of the matter easily because genuine friendships are never that weak to break easily.

True friends are those-

• Who accept you the way you are.
• How big the matter maybe, they will not leave you to suffer alone. 
• Who don’t hesitate to stay open with you.
• Who cares for you feelings and love you the most.

Why are friends needed in life?

• Emotional support: Friends are the ones who can completely relate to you in all situations because they have also undergone the same phase that you are. You have a belief that you possess friends who are available for you anytime you need them. They support you even when you don’t ask for it.

• Stressbusters: If you are upset or sad, run to your friends for a bag filled with laughter. When you realize you have amazing friends around you who know your likes and dislikes, then they use those to make you happy.

• Encourage you: It doesn’t matter if you don’t succeed in the task you have tackled. You have friends who motivate you to your fullest whenever you need them.

• Building your confidence: When you lose your self-esteem, friends are there who don’t let it break at any cost. They build up your confidence by praising you for how amazing you are.

Always aim at strengthening your friendship. Don’t stop yourself from sharing your problems or feelings with them assuming they would think bad about you. Spend time with them, try to understand their feelings, mingle with them whenever you have a chance.

Don’t make fake friendships. You are indeed using that person for your work to be done. And don’t encourage it too. They remember you when their work should be done and then forget you. Friends aren’t those who forget you, isn’t it?

True friends are the ones you stay with you till the end of your lives. Friends are the most precious gems of our lives. Always look after them whenever they need you, lock them in your hearts and support each other throughout your lives.

Spiders are dangerous or can be said extremely dangerous but not all. Some are dangerous and deadly for humans too.

Spiders are arthropods having eight legs. They are able to inject venom. They are the largest order of arachinds. Spiders are found world wide on every continent except Antarctica.

1) Wolf spider

Wolf spider are family of Lycosidae. Their eyesight is excellent, their uniqueness is that they don’t spin webs. They hunt alone. They inject venom directly in to their prey’s body. Symptoms of their bite include swelling, mild pain, itching. They are found in Australia and South America.

2) False widow spider

False widow spider is also known as noble false widow in United Kingdom. They are popular for biting humans in uk but their bite just have symptoms as similar to bee or wasp. They are considered as the dangerous species in Europe. Their venom has the power to induce neuromuscular paralysis, extreme pain and can be fatal.

3) Black widow spider

Black widow spider are found in America, Newzealand and southern Africa. The females are black coloured sometimes it may be lighter with red colour. They have hourglass shape. Their venom has latrotoxin which means their bites are dangerous causing severe muscle pain, abdominal cramps, musle spasm. Symptoms last for 3-7 days. In US each year about 2,200 people are being bitten by black widow, some bite need no medical attention as no venom has been injected in that bite.

4) The Brazilian wandering spider

The Brazilian wandering spider are dangerous but has medical significance too. They use their venom to usually attack their prey. Due to their wandering nature they are considered as dangerous.

5) Funnel web spider

Funnel web spiders are found in Australia. They are mostly deadly as well as most medically significant. Their venom is really toxic. Bites from this spider has reported 13 deaths in Sydney from which 7 were children.

A bank spokeswoman stated that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has lifted an eight-month ban on HDFC Bank, which is a huge relief for the private sector lender. After several issues with digital banking, cards, and payments on the bank’s platform in the last two years, the bank was stopped from issuing new credit cards and launching any new digital goods on December 3, in an unprecedented action. HDFC Bank, India’s largest credit card issuer, has lost market share in recent months as sales have slowed due to limits on issuing new cards. From November 2020 to May 2021, the number of outstanding credit cards decreased from 15.4 million to 14.9 million.

A crime is an offence that merits community condemnation and punishment usually by way of fine imprisonment. This is different from a civil wrong, which is an action against on individual that requires compensation or seized to pay a debt. There are lots of different types of crime and nearly everyone will experience a crime at some point in their lives. One in five people are affected by crime every year. It affects people from all background, location and ages.

FEATURES OF CRIME:-

1. Physical act : This is the physical act or lack of action that make up the criminal act itself. A crime must be committed with voluntary actions. One can judge the person on the basis of their physical act.
2. Mental state : In many cases, a person’s mental state maybe taken into consideration when deciding if they are guilty of a crime. The defendant must have committed the crime with a culpable state of mind.
3. Causation: Causation has to do with the actions of the accused and the result of those actions. It must be clearly established that the defendant’s actions directly harmed or victimized someone
4. Attendant circumstances : Attendant circumstances are the facts involved in an event. If a person was accused of abusing a nursing home patient the age and medical condition of the victim would be part of attendant circumstances.

Types of crime :

It is also important to know that how many types of crime are there and should be considered and are punishable under the law. Same of them are Child Abuse, Cyber crime, Domestic violence, Fraud, Modern slavery, Hate crime, Burglary, Arson, Murder and Manslaughter, Robbery, Rape and sexual assault, Violent crime, Terrorism and Stalking and harassment.

Through this article we will get to know the exact meaning of crime and can differentiate between what is acceptable as a crime and what is not. The above mentioned types are crime are very familiar with the people nowadays but it is the time to know that if it is a crime , strict action must be taken otherwise this will never stop. People should understand that crime is done by the accused person not the person who is victim. It is not the duty of the court or the lawyers to tell whether the crime has been committed or not but the duty of the normal individual too that if he sees it gets to know about such any crime the victim must be saved immediately and necessary action must be taken. A life will be saved if we are aware about the facts and knowledge.

Hope you will be acknowledged with good knowledge. Thank you !!