The Department of Posts (DOP),trading as India Post, is a government-operated postal system in India, which is a subsidiary of the Ministry of Communications. Generally called “the Post Office” in India, it is the most widely distributed postal system in the world. Founded in 1854 by Lord Dalhousie who laid the foundation for the modern […]
Indian Postal Service — EDUindex News
Category: Research Publication
Democracy — EDUindex News
India is a democratic country. But do we all know what democracy actually is?What it is all about? Democracy is the most significant topic in political science as well as political philosophy, and a generally accepted view. Democracy, or rule by the people, is an unrestricted form of government in which all the inhabitants of […]
Democracy — EDUindex News
DGCA extends fare capping, restricted operations of domestic passenger flights till November 24 — EDUindex News

Earlier, the aviation secretary Pradeep Singh Kharola had said that the base minimum airfare of domestic flights ranges from Rs 2,000 to Rs 6,500, and the maximum range from Rs 6,000 to Rs 18,600. Airlines have to make available 40 per cent of total seats in an aircraft at less than the mid-point price between […]
DGCA extends fare capping, restricted operations of domestic passenger flights till November 24 — EDUindex News
Kolkata airport suspends passenger flight operations from July 25 to July 29 — EDUindex News

Kolkata airport suspends passenger flight operations from July 25 to July 29 Passenger flight operations to and from Kolkata Airport have been suspended from July 25 to July 29 after the West Bengal government requested for the suspension of services, news agency ANI reported quoting West Bengal Airport sources. The West Bengal government has decided […]
Kolkata airport suspends passenger flight operations from July 25 to July 29 — EDUindex News
The Entire Earth Is Vibrating Less Due to COVID-19 Lockdowns, Study Reveals — EDUindex News

In a study conducted in 117 countries, researchers have found that the world is experiencing the most dramatic reduction in the seismic noise (the hum of vibrations in the planet’s crust) in recorded history due to global Covid-19 lockdowns. Measured by instruments called seismometers, seismic noise is caused by vibrations within the Earth, which travel […]
The Entire Earth Is Vibrating Less Due to COVID-19 Lockdowns, Study Reveals — EDUindex News
Restriction on domestic flights to remain in effect till November 24 — EDUindex News

The civil aviation ministry on Thursday extended the restrictions on domestic flights till November 24 in the view of the coronavirus pandemic. A notification by the ministry issued in the evening also said that the domestic airfare cap, too, will remain in place till November 24 or until further orders. Domestic flights were suspended on […]
Restriction on domestic flights to remain in effect till November 24 — EDUindex News
Asia’s largest Solar Power Plant in Madhya Pradesh — EDUindex News
By Udbhav Bhargava Madhya Pradesh chief minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan had laid the foundation stone in December 2017. The solar plant will generate 750 MW electricity and was established with an investment of Rs 4,500 crore. WHO DEVELOPED THE PROJECT? The solar park was founded by Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Ltd (RUMSL), a joint venture […]
Asia’s largest Solar Power Plant in Madhya Pradesh — EDUindex News
Khudol Initiative — EDUindex News
By Udbhav Bhargava The UN Secretary-General ‘s Youth Envoy has listed Manipur’s Khudol among the top 10 global initiatives for an inclusive fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Envoy of the United Nations Secretary-General on Youth The Envoy of the Secretary-General on Youth serves as a global advocate for addressing the needs and rights of young […]
Khudol Initiative — EDUindex News
CASTE POLITICS IN INDIA — EDUindex News
Caste is a social marvel of Indian culture. By taking an interest in the cutting edge political framework, standing is presently presented to troublesome impacts and another type of joining coming about because of another plan of universalist-particularity connections. caste has increased a compelling situation in India legislative issues.From one viewpoint, a structure of divisions […]
CASTE POLITICS IN INDIA — EDUindex News
Dil bechara Review — EDUindex News
late actor sushanth Singh Rajput last movie Dil Bechara is going to steaming in Disney + hotstar Sara Ali khan shared movie poster on twitter for everyone to watch the movie,and also the movie is going to available for subscribes and non-subscribes Dil Bechara stars sushanth Singh rajput, sanjana and directed by mukesh chhabra No […]
Dil bechara Review — EDUindex News
Development and Environment Protection Together? — EDUindex News
Mahatma Gandhi once said that “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.” and this statement gives us reflect about the sort of advancement we need as an individual, one which can satisfy our necessities or one which can satisfy our covetousness. in the event that we need to get […]
Development and Environment Protection Together? — EDUindex News
Keys to become RICH faster, in your 20’s *Practical Steps* — EDUindex News

Everybody wants to become RICH one day. Still, how is it that some people have all the answers? How do the rich keeping getting richer while the poor keep getting poorer? Is the game actually rigged against us? Are we, in fact, doomed to live ordinary lives, merely controlled by our hedonistic desires and pleasures, […]
Keys to become RICH faster, in your 20’s *Practical Steps* — EDUindex News
Intellectual Property Rights
What are intellectual Properties?
These are the things that emerge out of human creativity. These are the creation of the mind. Inventions; literary and artistic works; and symbols, names, and images used in commerce fall under this. Intellectual property is divided into two categories: Industrial Property includes patents for inventions, trademarks, industrial designs, and geographical indications. Whereas, literary works (such as novels, poems, and plays), films, music, artistic works (e.g., drawings, paintings, photographs, and sculptures) and architectural design are covered by copyright.
The associated rights:
Intellectual property rights are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain period of time.
Types:
- Patents – A patent is an exclusive right granted by law to applicants/assignees to make use of and exploit their inventions for a limited period of time. The patent holder has the legal right to exclude others from commercially exploiting his invention for the duration of this period. In return for exclusive rights, the applicant is obliged to disclose the invention to the public in a manner that enables others, skilled in the art, to replicate the invention. A Patent Owner has every right to commercialize his/her/its patent, including buying and selling the patent or granting a license to the invention to any third party under mutually agreed terms. Patents are valid for 20 years from the date of filing an application, subject to an annual renewal fee.

- Trademarks – Trademarks are another familiar type of intellectual property rights protection. A trademark is a distinctive sign which allows consumers to easily identify the particular goods or services that a company provides. Some examples include McDonald’s golden arch, the Facebook logo, and so on. A trademark can come in the form of text, a phrase, symbol, sound, smell, and/or color scheme. Unlike patents, a trademark can protect a set or class of products or services, instead of just one product or process.

- Copyrights – Copyright is the set of exclusive rights granted to the author or creator of original work, including the right to copy, distribute, and adapt the work. Copyright lasts for a certain time period after which the work is said to enter the public domain. Copyright gives protection for the expression of an idea and not for the idea itself. Copyright ensures certain minimum safeguards of the rights of authors over their creations, thereby protecting and rewarding creativity. The copyright owner has the exclusive right to sell, publish, and/or reproduce any literary, musical, dramatic, artistic, or architectural work created by the author.

- Trade secrets – Trade secrets are the secrets of a business. They are proprietary systems, formulas, strategies, or other information that is confidential and is not meant for unauthorized commercial use by others. This is a critical form of protection that can help businesses to gain a competitive advantage.

Why Are Intellectual Property Rights Important?
- Intellectual Property Creates and Supports High-Paying Jobs
- Strong and Enforced Intellectual Property Rights Protect Consumers and Families
- Intellectual Property Drives Economic Growth and Competitiveness
- Intellectual Property Rights Encourage Innovation and Reward Entrepreneurs
- Intellectual Property Helps Generate Breakthrough Solutions to Global Challenges
Strategic Thinking
The strategic thinking is simply in intentional and rational thought process that the analysis of the critical factors and variables that will influence the long-term success of a business, a team or an individual. These thinking includes careful deliberate anticipation of threats and vulnerabilities against the guard and to pursue. Ultimately strategic thinking and lead to a clear set the goals, plans, and new ideas required to survive and thrive in a competitive, changing environment. This sort of must be account for economics realities, market forces, and available resources.
THE STRATEGIC THINKING IS VERY IMPORTANT: The competitive landscape can quickly for any organization. New trends emerge quickly and require our to take advantages of them fall behind. By the everyday strategic thinking into your work and life routine, you will became an more skilled at anticipating, forecasting and capitalization of an opportunities.
The levels are allows to you greater contribution in your role, become more essential to your organization and prove that you are ready to control of the resources.
During the organization’s annual planning process, leaders often, analyze and the synthesize external and internal data idea to develop its strategic intent and build a strategic narrative. This document will guide the company the future for defined period of time. Leader the choose and plan sustain the effort across the organization.
THE COMPONENTS OF STRATEGIC THINKING:
If the working on your company’s strategy, you all the engage in analysis, problems decision making and leading through changes. As a creat a strategic direction or plans are –
- Business opportunity.
- Feasible of each risk.
- The costs associate that various tactic effective.
- The effect of competitors, supplier, customer on your strategic plans.
- The method are objective with overall plans.
THE OBSTACLES DURING PLANNING YOU ALL PROBLEMS SOLVE:
- Gathering relevant information about the problems.
- Clearly defined the problems of the point review.
- Brainstorming possible solutions.
- Delegating assignments of various parts of the strategy to associates.
There are the thinking requires agility and decisiveness in choosing a plan and sticking with it however the aware of the new,opportunities. There are between consistency and flexibility team are:
- Make the decision as the information through research.
- Choose objective and accompanying metrics.
- Follow a standard decision making process.
- Build consensus when necessary.
There are the strategy thinking During planning. you will need to communicate ideas to the staff and gather feedback from them. You all utilize effective channels to communicate a compelling vision of the completed plan to all employees and keep them focus the their are contribution to the plan.
IMPROVE ON STRATEGIC THINKING SKILLS:
- Set aside time the reflect and plan the future, identity, polarize tasks and determine where allocated.
- Uncover your own basis so you can think more clearly about strategy.
- Listen to subjects matter expert and opinion leader in your organization to obtain higher quality information you can your strategy.
- Learn to ask good questions to under option and plans like Is this idea logical?.
- Explore all the consequences of the different strategies and direction.
Failure Is a Great Thing
Failures are the stepping stones to success. Mistakes help you improve. You can learn from your mistakes. It enables us to look from different perspectives and let us see the other strategies that will work.This is a growth mindset. Growth mindset make everyone powerful and adaptable. It facilitates them to develop resilience which helps them in bouncing back.It makes them to consider failure as a positive learning experience in a creative way.Though mistakes hurt you , they make you humble.
In fact, our brains grow and develop in important ways whenever failure occurs. When kids understand this concept, amazing things can happen for them (and for us).When we learn new things , our brain grows.They learn to tolerate frustration.They learn to focus on the positive aspects, patience ,social and emotional skills for their life-time.After learning from mistakes, children can help others and guide them who experience similar difficulties or failures.
Failing in some activities like exam, competitions,sports etc is a natural event or part of living .Failure can produce painful feelings such as anger, sadness, frustration, or low self-esteem in a child or adult. These emotions may be based on their age and emotional maturity.They have to be taught to recognize and deal with those feelings in a positive way.
Failing gives the children a chance to self-regulate their emotions . While children learn from mistakes, they also understand the moral judgement that comes from doing something like apologizing to the opponent or neighbour and take measures to correct the wrong thing to a right.
How parents can help children face and learn from their failures ?
Parents should praise their children for learning from a mistake. They should not be praised for not making a mistake.
Challenging experiences are the only way children learn specific coping skills and problem solving skills .If we pamper them and protect them from adversity , certain brain connections will not develop.
Kids typically fear failure.But if they know that mistakes improve learning and grow their brain , they will accept the mistakes and think about different learning paths or strategies.When children are exposed to failures and by regular practise, they learn to respond to it strongly rather than merely reacting to it.
Children should know that winning is not an important thing. They should be praised for their efforts and attitude to take part in the challenging activities or competitions .
Children should be made to understand that the biggest mistakes teach us more courage , strength and wisdom than any success can bring.
Parents can share stories of past failures and the steps they took to get over from them . This can be beneficial for your children. It’s even more helpful by keeping your kids in the communication loop as you face challenge or adversity in the present.
Sharing current failures allows parents to share the entire thinking, communication and behavioral processes they engage in . More importantly , it delivers the message that no matter how old we are, we fail, we persist and we learn from them.
Kids who are overpraised become dependent on others for validation and may end up needing a constant flow of positive feedback to feel valued. Hence , they should not be lavishly given compliments. Parents should enlighten children by guiding them to get confidence from overcoming challenges or adversity rather than over-praising.
Encourage them to try new things – Kids naturally get inclined toward the hobbies that interest them and at which they excel. But if your child avoids trying a different activity because she’s afraid of how she’ll perform, she’ll miss or fail to broaden her horizons.
After failure , Parents should make the children to try again and understand that they are on the right track. They can suggest them to ask for help without giving up.Also, Parents can make them realise that they can become better the next time.
Conclusion:
Kids typically fear failure.But if they know that mistakes improve learning and grow their brain , they will accept the mistakes and think about different learning paths or strategies.When children are exposed to failures and by regular practice, they learn to respond to it strongly rather than merely reacting to it. Children should know that winning is not an important thing. They should be praised for their efforts and attitude to take part in the challenging activities or competitions .Children should be taught to fail with a positive approach.
Right issue
Right issue refers to the listed company or public limited company will raise the fund through issuing shares to the existing shareholders. In right issue existing shareholders can purchase the shares at discount or less than the market price of the share. The issue will be according to proportion of share held my share holder. The ratio will set by comapny, according to that shareholder will get additional share. In Right issue existing shareholder will be offered to purchase the share where it is his choice whether to purchase or not. The issue was done to raise additional fund for the operation of the company. In right issue the shares are issued at discount to shareholder.
Stock split
Stock split is decided by the company where the shares of the existing shares will be divided in to more number of shares. The share split is done to increase number of shares in market, to bring liquidity in particular stock and to make stock to avail for retail investors to purchase. In stock split the shares will be divided according to ratio specified by the company.after stock split companies market capitalisation will remain same. The face value and market value of share will be divided according to ratio specified by the company.
Air force common admission test (AFCAT)
AFCAT is very popular exam as like upsc competitive exam, many of youngster have a dream to join Indian air force, when they watched movies and any of their idle who are in air force and who are playing a role of Indian air force cadet so, they become more crucial to join the air force. Many of youngsters have a dream to fly fighters plan they can do such thing after clearing these exam, interviews and some physical and medical tests.
Air Force Common Admission Test is a written exam conducted by Indian Air Force twice every year to induct officers in the IAF. The written exam is followed by Air Force Selection Board Interview for shortlisted candidates.
It is not tough to crack the AFCAT exam if candidates have prepared well.
What are the options through AFCAT?
Through AFCAT you can apply for all the three branches of the IAF which are Flying Branch, Technical Branch and Ground Duty Branches. The eligibility criteria for different branches vary. Both men and women can apply for all the three branches. While for women there is short service commission only in all the three branches, for men there is Permanent as well as Short Service Commission for men. However for Flying Branch only Short Service Commission is there through AFCAT. Thus if you clear the written exam and then clear the AFSB also then you have a chance of joining the Air Force Academy.
Eligibility Criteria
- Flying Branch –Age should lay between to 23 years at the time of course commencement. The candidate must be a Graduate (Minimum three year degree course) in any discipline from a recognized University who have attained minimum 60% marks in aggregate in all papers put together and have passed Math’s and Physics at 10+2 level OR BE / B Tech degree (Four year course) from a recognized University with minimum 60% marks in aggregate in all papers put together.
- Technical Branch- The age must lay between 18 to 28 years at the time of course commencement.
- Ground Duty Branch-The age must lie between 20-23 years for Graduates, 20-25 years for Post Graduates, 20-26 years for LLB (Three year course after graduation) and 20-27 years for M.Ed./PhD/CA/ICWA.
AFCAT is an online exam conducted by the Indian air force to get potential officers.
AFCAT exam was started in 2011 as an OMR sheet based paper. In 2019, AFCAT exam went online and many candidates attempted the AFCAT online across the country.
All AFSB Stage 1 qualified candidates will have to appear for AFSB Stage 2 and undergo the following tests:
- Psychological Tests: These are the written psychological tests and are conducted by professional psychologists.
- Group Tests: These tests involve mental and physical activities to examine the candidates’ on various mental and physical parameters.
- Interview Round: In this round, the interviewing officer takes a personal round of interview for the candidate.
- Computerized Pilot Selection System (CPSS) Test: This test is mandatory for only those candidates who have applied for the Flying Branch.
If the candidate clears the Online Tests and both the stages of AFSB Interview then he will be called for Medical Examination.
If you really wants to join Indian air force and serve for our nation, AFCAT is an exam which can give you wings, for all of you who have the dream of working between the sprawling jets can turn this dream into reality through this exam.

Ayushman bharat scheme
Ayushman Bharat Programme is an umbrella health scheme of the Government of India. It was launched in 2018 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
The Ayushman Bharat programme was launched in 2018 to address health issues at all levels – primary, secondary and tertiary. It has two components:
- Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), earlier known as the National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS)
- Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs)
Ayushman Bharat is an integrated approach comprising health insurance and primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare. The HWCs are aimed at improving access to cheap and quality healthcare services at the primary level. PM-JAY will cover the financial protection for availing healthcare services at the secondary and tertiary levels.
Ayushman Bharat is the largest government-funded healthcare programme in the world with over 50 crore beneficiaries. It has been dubbed ‘Modicare’.
There are 1300 diseases including serious health conditions like heart & liver ailments, cancer, tuberculosis are covered under AyushmanBharat and this very great help for those who cannot afford the costly treatment.
Features of Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Yojana
- Over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families are covered across the country, No limit on family size and age of members.
- Priority is given to girl child, women and senior citizens. Free treatment can be availed at all public and empanelled private hospitals.
- The scheme was able to enrol 18,236 hospitals. Of these, 9,665 were private hospitals. In fact, of all the treatments served, 62 per cent of the expenditure was incurred in private hospitals. Around 46.5 lakh individuals availed treatment, with an average hospitalization cost of Rs 16,107.
With Ayushman Bharat sponsoring almost all secondary care and most of tertiary care hospitalizations, things are never going to be the same. Because of the large number of surgeries done in public and private hospitals, better infrastructure will come up which can easily take care of malaria, TB and HIV, apart from all other
medical treatments.
With the launch of the National Medical Commission by the government, the much debated shortage of medical specialists can be addressed in just three years.
Ayushman Bharat can transform healthcare by encouraging digital medical records.
Private healthcare was becoming unviable well before Ayushman Bharat, mainly because of the Central Government Health Scheme. The scheme, which sets the benchmark for procedural pricing for all government schemes, did not make major changes in its pricing of procedures, which is not scientifically arrived at, in the last 10 years. Compounding the problem was delayed payments by government sponsored health schemes, at times after more than a year.
The only grievance is the pending request for upward revision of some of the rates which assume will happen soon.
The AB-PMJAY offers a unique opportunity to improve the health of hundreds of millions of Indians and eliminate a major source of poverty afflicting the nation. There are, however, substantial challenges that need to be overcome to enable these benefits to be realised by the Indian population and ensure that the scheme makes a sustainable contribution to the progress of India towards UHC. UHC has become a key guiding target for health systems around the world under the Sustainable Development Goals to improve the health of the global population and overcome the scourge of medical-related impoverishment. The success of UHC is measured by the access of health services across the population, the types of services that are available, and the financial protection offered to the population. While there are obvious resource constraints in implementing AB-PMJAY.
Rafale in India
Rafale fighter jets will soon be inducted in Indian Air Force. This is sure to give Indian firepower a major boost. Rafale fighter jets will introduce new capabilities in IAF’s fighter fleet that will be unrivalled in the region. The aim of the Indian Air Force has always been to be prepared for a two-front war on Indian borders. IAF is capable of warding off twin threats to India and Rafale fighter jets are going to further increase Indian strength and strategic depth in the region.
The order for the HAMMER Missile for Rafale jets with the ability to neutralize any target at the range of around 60-70 km and is being acquired under the emergency powers for acquisition given to the armed forces by the Modi government.
“The order for the HAMMER missiles is being processed and the French authorities have agreed to supply them to us at a short notice for our Rafale combat aircraft,” government sources told ANI. In view of the urgent requirement for these missiles by the Air Force, the French authorities would be delivering the missiles to India from the existing stock meant for some other customer.
Rafale fighter jets are equipped with state of the art weapon systems. Most famous of these weapons are the Meteor missiles.
Meteor missiles are a game-changer. They are air-to-air missiles that work ‘beyond visual range’. This means that even if the pilot cannot locate enemy aircraft with his eyes, he/she can aim and fire the missile which will hit and destroy enemy aircraft. The Meteor is powered by a unique rocket-ramjet motor that gives Meteor far more engine power, for much longer than any other missile. This means it can fly faster, fly longer, and manoeuvre more than any other missile – giving Meteor the ability to chase down and destroy agile hostile fighters.
Every missile has a ‘no escape zone’, if a target aircraft is within this zone, it is hard for it to evade the missile and save itself. Greater the ‘no escape zone’, better is the missile.
India has contracted 36 Rafale multi-role fighter jets from France in fly-away condition with 13 India Specific Enhancements (ISE) under a €7.87 billion Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) signed in September 2016.
There is reason for rafale has powerful fighter plan it can take off weight than f-16.
The maximum take-off weight a Rafale can carry is 24.5 ton while an F-16 can carry a maximum of 21.7 ton. So, clearly in a dogfight between the two, the Rafales have a slight edge given the fact that it can load more weapons than the F-16s.
But, rafale is more costly than other fighter plan ,Big increase in Rafale’s price came because a deal bypassing mandated procedures and made in the face of official objections resulted in €1.3 billion ‘non-recurring’ cost attributed to the ‘Design and Development’ of 13 India Specific Enhancements being spread over 36 instead of 126 aircraft.
The Government has compromised national security by denying to the Air Force the 7 squadrons (126 aircraft) that it desperately needs. “The PM’s unilateral decision to buy 36 Rafales resulted in a price escalation of 41.42% per jet.
India is likely to receive the first batch of six Rafale fighter jets by July 27. The French-origin jets are expected to significantly boost the combat capability of the Indian Air Force.
That is great news for our country because after getting this fighter plan, india will become more powerful and it enhances the strength of india.

Bonus share
Bonus share is issued by the company to its existing shareholders for free instead of cash dividend. Bonus shares are issued to capitalise the companies profits. In Bonus share issue company will convert the profits in to equity share and issue in free of cost to its existing shareholders. The issue of Bonus share is inthe form of proportion. Which is set by the company. According to share held by the shareholder proportion to that he will get the bonus share. The issue of Bonus share will increase the number of share in the market. To get the bonus share one need to purchase the share before the ex-dividend date.on the record date who has the share in their account such share holder will receive the bonus share. The reason to issue the bonus is convertion of profits in to capital.
5 Books To Read Before You Die
Losing yourself in a great book, is one of the most endearing and satisfying joys. Every book has a different style, different attitude, different perspective but every book teaches and leaves you with a different feeling. It is hard to choose a favorite but let’s talk about 5 books that you must read.

- To Kill A Mocking Bird, by Harper Lee- A novel before its time, Harper Lee’s Pulitzer-prize winner addresses issues of race, inequality and segregation with both levity and compassion. While To Kill a Mockingbird could be a favorite book of just about everyone who has read it, it is important to recollect that it continues to be subversive and challenging to the establishment. The story revolves around the cute, lovable kids, Scout and Jem, and undoubtedly one of the most loved character in literature, Atticus Finch. Most of the characters within the book are marginalized by the facility structure of their town — a structure that also exists nearly everywhere — where wealthy white men control the lives of everyone else, and even the members of that group who want to use their status for something honorable, cannot win against the flattening wave of power.

2. The Book Thief, by Markus Zusak– Set in Germany during 1939, The Book Thief follows a young girl, Liesel, growing up in Germany amidst World War II. Liesel is living with foster parents, Hans and Rosa. Throughout the story, Liesel steals many books. At first, she doesn’t even know how to read, but she knows that the book is important. Hans notices and teaches her how to make sense of the letters, as she rescues books from the tyranny of Nazi rule. Meanwhile, her family has hidden a Jewish fighter in their basement and death looks down on the family, narrating our tale. Experience bravery that is rarely found in the world, and friendship that is formed in the most unlikely of situations.

3. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger- It only takes one sentence, written in the first person, for Salinger’s Holden Caulfield to announce himself in all his teenage nihilism, sneering at you for wanting to know his biographical details “and all that David Copperfield kind of crap”. The Catcher in the Rye is the quintessential novel of the adolescent experience, captured in deathless prose.

4. The God of Small Things, by Arundhati Roy-Roy won the 1997 Booker Prize with her debut novel, a powerful inter-generational tale of love that crosses caste lines in southern India, and the appalling consequences for those who break the taboos dictating “who should be loved, and how. And how much.” Sex, death, religion, the ambivalent pull of motherhood: it’s all there in this beautiful and haunting book.

5. The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood– Atwood’s classic dystopian novel of a terrifying (and terrifyingly plausible) future America has rewarded rereading like no other book; I’ve probably read it 30 times by now. the globe of the narrator, Offred (from “Of Fred” — women not have their names), is chilling, but she could be a magnificent survivor and chronicler, and also the details of everything from a mundane way of life to ritualized sex and violence to her reminiscences of the time before (our contemporary reality, as seen within the ’80s) are realistic. The novel is as relevant today as ever; feminist backlashes still wax and wane, but women’s rights remain within the spotlight. And despite its scenarios of great despair, The Handmaid’s Tale is ultimately a hopeful book — Offred, and others, simply can’t be human without the chance of hope, and therein lies the strength of the resistance. All of Atwood is worth reading, but this book best exemplifies the cultural and psychological impact that a piece of fiction can create.
Further WEB Development trends
Single-Page Websites are on the top list
A single or one page website is simply a website that only contains one HTML page. Content is fully loaded in the initial page and there are no additional pages, such as a Home or About , Features or categories and Contact Us page. The sensible approach is to create a rough sketch of your site, and outline the elements to include in the design and finalise where they should be placed. This helps to figure out if the one-page approach is appropriate.Single page websites aim to provide just the right amount of information for a user to make a decision and act on it. For starters, a single page website, that splits content into small chunks and removes User Interface or design clutter, is easy to design.
They are ideal for the busy digital customers who don’t want to waste time and offer concise and relevant content directly. Scrolling is an easy movement and it can be easily accessed across various devices .The reduced content and cost-effectiveness of these websites are making it quite popular among businesses. Another advantage of having a straightforward navigation system is that there is usually only one action to be taken by the user and it can lead to increased conversions because users nowhere get distracted by another offer.
Effective one-page sites often share certain characteristics that include:
Clearly defined sections – The more information you include on a single page, the more care needs to go into the way it’s formatted. Users click navigation links that allow them jump to destinations or different sections of the content on the same page.
Big header elements – They’re even more important that help you to capture the visitors’ attention.Here are a few examples of situations where it makes sense to use a simple one-page layout:
Portfolios – For certain services like freelancing , a single page is often enough to give potential employers a bit of information you can find out about the agency’s services, team members, past clients and projects, contact information and even include a simple contact form. The website even includes a fun chatbot you can use to get in touch instead of sending an email, which makes the page feel more interactive.
Landing pages – This type of website is all about converting users. In a nutshell, it’s a landing page designed to drum up excitement for the product. However, simple animations can be used to make the page liven up, and help you understand how it all works.
Brochure websites. If your business only needs a simple website with photos, contact information, and an introduction to your services.This is why single-page design is especially hot for brands owning exclusive sites for events or announcements with the amazing photography and simple layouts.
Drawbacks : (i).Single page websites can’t perform big on SEO (Search Engine Optimization). In fact, they could hurt your chances of ranking with Google and result in decreased conversions and user engagement. With so little content, target keywords often get neglected on single page sites. The good news is that there are workarounds, such as using the expandable div to include descriptions and additional imagery.(ii).Additionally, the single page website isn’t the ideal candidate for a growing brand, as its ability to scale is limited.
Minimalist Web Design Principles Create Maximum Impact
A simple website carrying fewer design elements and offering good User experience can improve user interaction and drive conversions. Most developers are experiencing how applying functional minimalism principles to a website can create a huge impact on the visitors and business outcomes.Consequently, most developers are adopting the less-is-more approach to improve their site’s composition and engage their visitors.
Modular design
Modular design allows developers to reuse components and modules to create a web page rather than creating it using a restrictive template. Visually, modular design is a step up from templates. Developers can use it to create content blocks to display information in a powerful way.
However, creating a modular design web page is like each piece should interlock with one another without worrying how to rebuild the shape of the lego piece.Of course, when each of these pieces is combined, developers build a web page that makes sense and this leads to faster and cheaper development but a similar end-goal product.
Motion UI and impressive websites
The internet is massive and that it affects the average person’s attention span; The better way to grab the attention of a user is with a captivating motion UI. As you scroll down the page, it changes and adapts to keep the visitor engaged. With functions, such as loading spinners, attractive CTAs, CSS animations, and subtly-moving elements, motion UI is a raving trend among modern developers. This animation technology allows businesses to own impressive web pages that reduce the time between clicks and conversions.Finally, resources like the Motion UI library offer various design elements that allow developers to animate design elements that work with any JavaScript or jQuery framework, the applications of GIF animation and motion UI will grow further.
The final words:
Compared to multi-page websites that are used in e-commerce websites, single page websites are highly used by busy digital customers for Portfolios , landing pages , brochure services and is especially hot for brands owning exclusive sites for events or announcements .Modular website design , Motion UI and minimalistic design principles too create a greater impact and will set a niche trend in the years to come.
Kindly check the below link to futher explore the above topic :
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT – A CHALLENGE
Before the arrival of motorized transport horse drawn traffic was the main stay of all major cities. In Newyork alone there were more than 100000 horses which produced more than a million kilo of horse manure which had no system for disposal. Millions of flies bred on this manure creating yet another urban public health issue. The problem was faced by cities after cities around the world. But there was no solution. 
Urban solid waste management remains a challenge around the world even now. Cities big and small, from countries developed and developing face major challenges in dealing with waste management.
Anything which is solid and is considered by its owner to be not worthy of continued use become a solid waste. The composition of the solid waste varies vastly depending upon the economic situation of a society while used automobiles and white goods are a major component of urban solid waste in developed countries. The culture of repair, reuse, and recycling in developing countries ensures that these do not end up in the waste piles.
Solid waste can be classified into seven
1.Household solid waste
2.Agricultural solid waste
3.Industrial solid waste
4.Waste from ships and Aircrafts
5.Hospital waste
6.Demolition of debris
7.Waste created by conflicts and disasters
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)hazardous waste is waste that is dangerous to our health or the environment. The following waste are often considered hazardous.
1.Industrial chemicals
2.Pesticides
3.Waste from oil Industry
4.Batteries and fluorescent lamps
5.Medical waste
6.Radioactive waste
7.Discarded pharmaceutical products
8.Discarded asbestos
9.Mixed Waste
In the last century Reduction, Reuse and Recycle (3R approach) reached significance. There are some global issues in waste management that is Trans boundary movement of waste, Technology transfer for waste management and disappearing land fills and it goes on……..
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action as a government remedy to effects of long standing against such group and has consisted of policies, programs and procedures that give limited preference to minorities and in the job hiring admission institute of higher education, the awarding of government contracts and other social benefits. The typical for criteria for affirmative action are race, disability and age.
The affirmative action was initiated by administration of president of the Lyndon in order to improve opportunity for Africa American while civil right legislation was dismantling the basis for discrimination.The federal government began to institute affirmative action policies under the landmark civil Right Act as an a executive order. Business receiving federal funds were prohibited from using programs were monitoring office of federal fund were prohibited from using aptitude test other criteria by the tended to discriminate federal funds were prohibited from using program were monitoring by the office of federal contract compliance and the Equal Employment opportunity commission, subsequently, affirmative action broadened to cover women and native American,Hispanics and minorities and was extended college universe and federal agencies.
The affirmative action in California culminated in the passage in 1996 of the civil right by the California initiative, Which is prohibited agencies institution from the giving preferential treatment t o individual on the basis of their race. The supreme court effectively upheld the constitutional of proposition 209 in November 1997 by refusing to hear challenges its enforcement. The supreme court also upheld a lower court ruling that struck down as unconditional the university of Texas action. program arguing in Hopwood University of Texas Law school that there are no compelling state interest to warrant using race as a factor in admission decisions. After ward there are further legislative an electoral challenges to affirmative action decision in many parts of country. In the two landmark ruling involving to the University of Michigan and its law school the supreme curt reaffirmed the of constitutionality of affirmative action.
The preeminent factor in such decision, striking down the university undergoes admission policy that awarded point on the basis, three year later admission policies of the kind approved in grutter were outlawed in Michigan under a state constitutional amendment banning race-based and other discrimination or the preferential treatment in public employment, public education otherwise there are public contracting. The supreme court upheld amendment as it applied to admission policies in Schuette defend affirmative action in fisher, the supreme court vacated and remanded an appeals court decision that had rejection challenge to an affirmative action program modeled on the approved in Gratz that the lower court had not subjected the to strict scrutiny, those most demanding form of the judicial review.
2. SEGREGATION THEORIES – There are the different have been put forward to explain the OS of men and women. The main difference between these theories is whether segregation is attribution to discrimination or the in preference or choice. Alternatively seem to have different implication for relationship between ES and OS, Possibly the policy instruments to be used ES and OS.
Human resource and Company
Human resource is an majore resource for a company, from forming up plan to its implementation the each and every employees work will give contribution. Satisfied employees will always become the reason for the companies success. When company give good salary, job security and other related facilities the employees will be satisfied. Even timely motivation and promotion is needed. So some of the companies will give free share to employees to give them the feeling of owners of company. When the employees are satisfied they can give their full efforts to the companies success as companies success will become their own success.
Debentures and Bonds
Debentures and Bonds both are debt instruments which are issued to raise funds. One who purchase this instrument will be the creditor or loan giver and issuer will be debtor or loan taker. Debentures used to raise funds by companies and they will give fixed rate of interest. These instruments are purchased on the basis of their credit ratings. Some types of debentures can be converted in to shares by the company. companies will issue debentures for the purpose of raising the fund. Bonds are debt instruments which are secured issued by government, corporates to raise the funds. Bonds has the Asset as the security. Bonds will pay interest as the return to bond buyer. The bond issuer will be the loan taker and bond purchaser will be the loan giver.
Right of equality(article-14 to 18)
The meaning of Equality before law which is defined under Article 14 of the Indian Constitution. It is one of the fundamental right.
Recently, the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) has been implemented in India. This law provides Indian citizenship to the migrants of six religious communities of three countries.
The enactment of the CAA is opposed by many Indian citizens, citing the reasons that it has granted Indian citizenship to six religious communities on the basis of religion while a particular religious community is excluded. So it’s a clear cut violation of article 14. While other Indians think that CAA does not discriminate with others.
What are the Exceptions to Right to Equality:
It is not like that the ‘Rule of Equality’ applies thoroughly. There are some exceptions to this that is why it does not apply in case of these circumstances and individuals.
I. No criminal proceeding shall be initiated or continued against the President or the governor in any court during his/her term of office.
II. No court can issue an arrest warrant of the President or Government during his/her term of office.
III. No member of state Legislature (MLA) shall be liable to any proceeding in any court in respect of any statement or any vote given by him in the state Legislature.
IV. No member of parliament (MP) shall be liable to any proceeding in any court in respect of any statement or any vote given by him in the Parliament.
V. The United Nations and its agencies also have diplomatic immunity.
VI. Foreign (sovereign ruler), ambassadors and diplomatic persons will be free from criminal and civil cases.
Article 14 says that the State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
This means that every person, who lives within territory of India, has the equal right before the law. That equals will be treated equally.
This article constitutes of 2 parts, being:
1. Equality before law and
2. Equal protection of the laws.
Although both sound similar, they don’t mean the same. The word “Law” in the former expression is used in a genuine sense – a philosophical sense, whereas the word “Laws” in the latter expression denotes specific laws in force.
Article 15 says that the state shall not any discriminate against any citizen on ground only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
Article 16 guarantee equality of opportunity in matters of employment under the state. The right is available to citizens only.
Article 17 deals with a peculiar problem of our country. Howsoever praiseworthy the caste system in its origin might have been, it certainly proved to be a disgrace to humanity, a threat to unity and a serious hindrance to social, educational and economic progress of our country.
Article 18 Abolition of titles No title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State No citizen of India shall accept any title from any foreign State No person who is not a citizen of India shall, while he holds any office of profit or trust under the State, accept without the consent of the President any title from any foreign State No person holding any office of profit or trust under the State shall, without the consent of the President, accept any present, emolument, or office of any kind from or under any foreign State Right to Freedom.
The Indian Constitution has granted the right to equality to all citizens. All are equal before the law and there can be no discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, gender, place of birth, etc.

Radioactive waste disposal
There in chapter are the information about the generation of radio active wastes, such as its definition, Origin, classification and stage of radioactive waste management. In addition there are information about the current state of research and technologies which have been proposed for the treatment of radio active waste, their advantages and disadvantages, in special case of the electro chemical techniques to treat radioactive waste with theoretical consideration and case of study, At the end of this chapter, there is information about risk assessment and development of future strategies.
There are many use of radioactive material which improve of facilitate human activities or quality from power generation to supply entire cities or areas, to medical and industrial uses, even the smoke detector in building. All these application generate radioactive waste that may represent risk to the environment or of human being, but it is necessary to have special attention to the management of radio waste.
RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL –
The chapter deals with the variety of which radioactive wastes are disposed of, land burial, deposition into geological and storage of radioactive waste in seas oceans. There are two two fundamental approach to radioactive and its disposal, dilution and dispersion and containment of the radioactive material and its grounds, preventing contact with the environment, current technical and economics the analyses have product is 2-3 fold less fixation of storage in container. An intensive search is therefore being made for new suitable fixation methods that would be make radioactive waste disposal more economic and safer for man and his environment. The siting of nuclear installations is the first of range measure for securing their nuclear and radiation safety. This range include project, production, construction, installation, commissioning of operation, close down and the safeguarding of quality of all stages, the problems of siting consists mainly in solving the extremely complex system of intern relations between the nuclear installation and the surrounding area, guided by the efforts and find an optimal solution. The radioactive substance must not be released from from the disposal site to such extent as become hazard to be population.
Treatment of aqueous waste
The processes available for treating aqueous radioactive waste are mainly: ion exchange/sorption, chemical precipitation, evaporation or ultra filtration/reverse osmosis. However, liquid containing suspended matter must be treated to remove the particulates before primary treatment or after it. Sedimentation, decantation, filtration or centrifugation are treatments used commonly to clear
Chemical precipitation
Chemical precipitation processes are regularly used for removing radioactivity from low and intermediate level aqueous wastes at fuel reprocessing facilities, research laboratories and power stations. Precipitation processes are greatly versatile, relatively low investment and operational costs; and may treat from large volumes of liquid effluents containing relatively low concentrations of active species to those containing large amounts of particulates or high concentrations of inactive salts. However, in some cases, a pretreatment stage, such as oxidization of organic contaminants, decomposition of complexed species, pH adjustment, change of the valency state or adjust the ionic species, should be applied prior to the formation of precipitate in order to improve the process.
Content marketing , Social Media and Email Marketing strategies
Content marketing
Content marketing is a strategic marketing approach focused on creating and distributing valuable, relevant, and consistent content to attract and retain a clearly defined audience — and, ultimately, to drive profitable customer action.
Content marketing and creation is an art form that requires the ability to design creative and interesting content that connects with a targeted audience. It’s an educational material that helps the reader, answers a question, or solves a problem in a way that is entertaining to read, watch, or listen to.Content should engage someone with valuable, engaging, and relevant information.
Visual Content : In addition to video , there are other forms of visual content your audience may find valuable – pictures, presentations , tables , charts , graphs and GIFs. Embedding visual content into your blog articles can create a significant impact.There are several mediums through which they make these connections such as blog posts , social media posts , emails and video.Blog articles – They remain one of the most effective and versatile types of content. The key is that you need to publish regularly inorder to have them bring in traffic.
Audio – Podcasts are great ways to share the content for those who prefer audio.
E-Books – They are more detailed than blogs and as such are great for a learning-oriented audience.
Videos – Visuals can say a lot with a combination of data, and they’re also super .
Your first step is the research stage, in which you can use advanced analytics,social listening and search intent modelling to gain the necessary insights into your audience and opportunities. Keyword research can be done to create great social content. Content gets the supreme position when it comes to social media marketing. Make sure you post regularly and offer truly valuable information that your ideal customers will find helpful and interesting. The content that you share on your social networks can include social media images, videos, how-to guides and more.
SOCIAL Media marketing
The use of the major social media platforms – Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, YouTube, and Snapchat for marketing the product or a service is called Social Media marketing.The Five Core Pillars of Social Media Marketing are as follows .
Strategy – The first step is to think about your social media strategy.Some businesses use social media for increasing their brand awareness, others use it for driving website traffic and sales. Social media can also help you generate engagement around your brand, create a community etc .
Planning and Publishing – The content to be published to social media must be planned before hand and it is as simple as sharing a blog post, an image, or a video on a social media platform.
Listening and Engagement – You will want to monitor social media conversations about your brand for positive and negative comments . Depending on that , you get a chance to surprise ,delight them or you can offer support and correct a situation before it gets worse.
- To measure brand awareness: visitors, page views
- To measure retention: subscribes/unsubscribes, bounce rate
- Engagement: Likes, shares, retweets, comments
The key here is really engagement and brand awareness. You can tell how valuable your content is to your audience by how well they’re engaging. So, comments, mail list signups, and social shares are examples of them.
Analytics – The social media platforms provide more in-depth analytics information of how it’s marketing is performing.
Advertising – Social media ads allow you to reach a wider audience than those who are following you.You can create target audiences based on their demographics (location), interests, behaviors, and more.
Social Media for Content Promotion — Social media marketing is a perfect channel for sharing your best site and blog content with readers. Plus, great blog content will help you build more followers.
Sharing Curated Links —It’s also an opportunity to link to outside articles as well. Curating and linking to outside sources improves trust and reliability, and you may even get some links in return.
Using different social media for Social Media MarketingFACEBOOK : Facebook’s casual, friendly environment requires an active social media marketing strategy. Start by creating a Facebook Business Fan Page with the visually appealing layout, as it is a key aspect of it. Consider a cost-effective Facebook ad strategy, which can have a big impact .
Google+ : Google+ won’t work for everybody, but some communities are very active on Google+. Also take advantage of Google+ circles, which allow you to segment your followers into smaller groups, enabling you to share information with some followers .
Pinterest : Pinterest is one of the fastest growing social media marketing trends with an image-centered platform . Pinterest allows businesses to showcase their product offerings with unique pinboards. When developing your Pinterest strategy, remember that the social network’s primary audience is female. Twitter : Twitter is the social media marketing tool that lets you broadcast your updates across the web. Using Twitter as a social media marketing tool revolves around dialog and communication, so be sure to interact as much as possible to build upon your following.
LinkedIn : LinkedIn is one of the more professional social media marketing sites. LinkedIn Groups is a great venue for entering into a professional dialog with people in similar industries and to share content with them. It’s also great for posting jobs and general employee networking. Encourage customers or clients to give your business a recommendation that makes your business appear more credible and reliable for new customers.YouTube : YouTube is the place for creating and sharing video content, and it can also be an incredibly powerful social media marketing tool. Focus on creating useful, instructive “how-to” videos that have the added benefit of ranking on the video search results of Google , that shows the power of video content.
Paid Social Media Marketing is a highly cost-effective way to expand your reach.
Email Marketing
Research shows that email marketing is consistently one of the top choices for digital marketing and has a higher Return On Investment when compared to other platforms. An email list consists of subscribers who have signed up to receive news about your brand, service or product. MailChimp and Constant Contact are popular customer relationship management systems, and email marketing on those platforms is free or low-cost until a certain number of subscribers are reached, at which point the fees increase.
Summing up….
With digital marketing, you’re looking for engagement and conversations that are a two-way street. Content creation is an art form that requires the ability to design creative and interesting content that connects with a targeted audience. Keyword research can be done to create great social content. Content occupies the supreme position when it comes to social media marketing.
Kindly refer the following link for further information:
Indian Education System

India produces more engineers than the total population of Switzerland, even after that Switzerland is number one when it comes to research and innovation. Since our independence, India has not produced a Nobel laureate in science, whereas the USA has produced a hundred plus. According to the National Employability Report of 2019, 80% of the engineers in India are unemployable. And if we want to look for the root cause of this problem then we have to go back to the time Britishers were ruling us and The East India Company was facing 2 major challenges- 1. Communication with Indians. 2. They needed more workers; then Thomas Babington Macaulay gave us the “English Education Act of 1835”. It fulfilled both their purposes- of finding people who would sit behind desks and work for them without asking questions, and the other was communication in English. English is not a widely spoken language, even then it has become an attribute that defines your education. Russia, China, France, and many other countries are not as obsessed with English as we are. In India, a person is said to have “Poor Communication Skills” if his/her English is not good.
Even a 2-3 years old iOS is considered outdated but a system which is as important as our education system is almost 185 years old, with just minor changes here and there. Our education system is a rat race, churning out robots who are proficient only in mugging up. A simple example of the incompetence of the system is that even after scoring 95 out of 100 in a Sanskrit exam a person is unable to speak the language. Instead of having a precise basic history syllabus, the students are made to learn a wide syllabus which is mostly just mugging up date(that could easily be looked up on the Internet now). Every class has English as a compulsory subject, but even after being taught English for 12 years most of the people are not able to speak the language properly, even a 5-year-old kid learns his/her mother tongue without cramming books. The techniques used in kindergarten to teach kids is better than the “fill out the sheets” technique to score marks taught in colleges. Everyone is taught the same subjects, the same syllabus regardless of the person’s capabilities, caliber, or creativity. Even Dronacharya taught his pupils according to their capabilities and specialties he did not force everyone to learn the same thing.
We do not have many options, to begin with. We have Science stream on top, then comes Commerce and then comes the least dignified stream Humanities or Arts. Every parent wants their child to be either a doctor or an engineer. Your training begins early, you are taught from an early age that marks matter the most if you don’t get good marks you won’t get a good job and you’ll end up being a failure. Just think about the person whom you admire and who’s success story inspires you, be it anyone I am sure that they succeeded because they didn’t get trapped into this education system. If you ask the CEO of any company to appear for an interview in all the departments of his firm, there is no chance that he would succeed in all of them and there is a high chance that he won’t be qualified educationally enough to even appear for half of the posts.
We spend 25% of our lives getting educated to work for someone who is most probably less educationally qualified than them. If the education system of India is so good then why do the kids of elites, politicians, actors, etc. go abroad to complete their education? Graduates and post-graduates are preparing for 5-6 years just to get a government job, just because a government job provides security. We look for a job with security because we don’t have confidence in our skills that we are capable of landing a job where we will stay purely based on our skills and creativity.
With the rapid growth in technology, I believe that we will reach a point, within not more than 5 years, where technology will make what we teach in schools irrelevant. Jobs in Digital Marketing, SEO, Cloud Computing, etc. didn’t even exist a few years back. We need to be open towards change, towards learning new things, towards being creative.
Post pandemic affect
Its most important point of concern from perspective of Indian economy as far as ongoing blow of corona virus had already struck to Kerela state in India with first case being diagnosed as positive for nconv.Thus Its a red signal for Union health ministry who need to formulate a statewise precautionary measures in order to prevent its transmission from man to man as well as animals to human beings.While in terms of its impact on Indian economy still there are lot many factors that can interplay such as its overnight spread in larger population as well as its morbidities and mortalities that can better gives a clarity regarding its implication on health budget utilisation in every state which is by and large remains on paper in absence of any unhealthy conditions.Therefore its more transparent to notice that Indian economy gets only under deep threat with any diseases burden when sudden health emergencies are declared and that with draws additional health budget from respective government of that nation.
How To Fight Nostalgia
Fight nostalgia with bad memories
Conjure up an unpleasant or humiliating moment from the past (childhood offers tons of raw material for that!). Or, think of a time when you were generally bored and dissatisfied with your life.
Then you’ll be grateful to be where you are now instead of wishing a time machine would transport you to the past!
Of course, bad memories can also bring us down. The key, then, is to keep in mind that both the good and the bad are integral parts of our life story.
Storie are just that—stories. They can inspire or entertain you, but they have no control over your reality.
Now you’re just in a different chapter, which is exciting in a way—you have no idea what it will bring!
2) Recognize that the “good times” are always mixed in with the bad
When I recall those exceptionally euphoric memories, I realize that they always came on the tail end of memories that were unexceptional or even terrible. In fact, it’s that contrast that creates the euphoria in the first place.
Think about it: when people ecstatically throw their arms in the air after running a marathon, that emotion is generated by the fact that the process itself (the training as well as the actual running of the marathon) was grueling and painful.
When you look at it that way, you’ll recognize that there could be another amazing moment just on the horizon!
3) Create a formula for how to recapture that memory
While obviously you can’t recreate the memory (although there’s about that concept!), you can pinpoint what elements made it so great.
For instance, you may be nostalgic for those fun, carefree times with friends before you were bogged down with family and work responsibilities.
Make it a point, then, to schedule a weekly get-together with friends. If you can’t leave the house, then maybe you can invite them over for dinner or appetizers.
It’s all too easy to lose touch with friends in adulthood, but it’s never too late to reconnect. Even if you haven’t reached out to them in years, they’d probably be thrilled to hear from you!
Like you, your friends are mostly likely also overburdened with responsibilities and have been “too busy” to call. It’s up to you, then, to make the first step.
4) Forget the past and focus on the now
Most of us want to forget the painful memories, and for good reason. These memories can cause trauma and negatively impact our career and relationships.
But the wonderful memories can be just as counterproductive. When we cling to them so intensely, it prevents us from moving forward.
In this case, it’s best to erase them from your current state of mind. First, picture the memory clearly in your mind—the colors, smells, precise location.
Next, imagine this picture dissolving into a puff of air. Keep doing this until it is completely gone.
Now, it can be difficult to conjure up the will to let go. Most of us don’t want to forget these memories in the same way we don’t want to wake up from a good dream!
But if the past’s grip on you is so strong that it impairs your ability to enjoy the present or look forward to the future, it’s time to move on.
Instead of being stuck in nostalgia mode, you can reward yourself by soaking in the present. Take time to observe the things around you—a flower on the side of the road, the lamp on your desk, an interesting thrift store you’d never noticed before. It’s amazing what we pick up on when we’re not lost in daydreams or dwelling on our problems!
Visualizing the future can also be a powerful tool. Imagine your dream home, relationships, and career unfolding before your eyes as if it were happening right now. This is a powerful tool for manifesting your goals, which you can read about in more detail
How To Be Fit
Fitness is a broad term and can mean different things. By definition, being “fit” is the quality of being suitable for a particular task. You can be physically, mentally or even emotionally fit to do something. However, I am going to assume that you are referring to the ability of being physically fit in your question.
Being physically fit is the ability to handle the physical challenges placed in front of you. This can mean different things to different people. For a marathon runner, being physically fit is the ability to run a full marathon with relative ease and without placing a lot of physical strain on your body. For a construction worker, physical fitness is to the ability to handle the task of lifting heavy objects everyday. But ask the construction worker to run a full marathon or the marathon runner to work with a heavy hammer all day, and both of them will possibly be not up to the task. This does not mean that they are unfit. Both of them are quite “fit” to do their own tasks.
Wanting to stay fit is an amazing goal to strive towards. However, I urge you to probe a bit further and ask the question, “staying fit to do what?”
If you are a professional athlete and wish to stay fit for your particular sport, I suggest you to get a trained physical coach.
However, if you are a non-professional like me who does a regular day job/business and just wants to stay fit to do tasks like climbing stairs, lifting groceries/travel bags, play recreational sports, go hiking etc., the goal of staying fit becomes much more straightforward:
- If you expect to deal with heavy weights in your daily tasks, such as lifting carrying and bags, shifting furniture etc. you need to do some form of strength training to ensure that you don’t exhaust or injure yourself. Focus more on movements you might need regularly such as presses, pull ups, rows, deadlifts, squats etc.
- If you expect to walk long distances or climb stairs regularly, you need to do some form of cardiovascular exercises such as jogging, interval training to boost your stamina and agility. Regular cardiovascular training will also help if you wish to enjoy some recreational activities such as playing sports, hiking or even playing with your kids.
- To get the energy to do any of the tasks mentioned above, you need to have a diet that contains the necessary nutrients. The less processed the food, the better.
Getting fit and staying fit is quite straightforward and simple. Its not easy though. To be fit to do some task, you need to do that task regularly. Our bodies are amazingly adaptive. Follow a fitness regime for a year and you will probably reach your fitness goal. Drop the regime for the next 6 months, and you will be back to where you started.
The key is to focus more on consistency and less on intensity. I can give you a detailed hour-by-hour daily fitness schedule that I follow. But if following my schedule requires you to completely overhaul your life, I doubt the schedule will help you get the consistency. Choose a plan that you can follow consistently for a long time, preferably the rest of your life.
Record Breakers boys
There was a period when, Korean dramas, music, or culture were unfamiliar to the world. They were unknown and were not celebrated like western culture. But time changed and today the “effect of Hallyu wave” could be seen far and wide. People belonging to diverse linguistic backgrounds, ethnicity, and beliefs are acknowledging and shouldering K-pop dramas, music and etc. with a friendly sentiment.
It’s quite good to express the popularity of BTS has reached the door of billboard, and the K-pop band is conquering over the world. They were revealed in 2013 and have subsequently zoomed to universal screen idol. Starting with the ‘School’ trilogy, the group has shaped the melody revolving around countless subjects. On 18th September 2017 their album “Luv Yourself” broke all existing records and mounted to the top of the US charts, placing topmost boy bands like Jonas Brothers and one-direction behind. They were also disapproved many times but not once they lose confidence and remain stick to their ambitions.

How they become so famous? If you have seen their live video, you will clearly get the picture. BTS is identified for its exceptional fashioning, as well as its imaginative and unbelievably dazzling songs. They basically produce the melodies which motivate people to think, they embrace the themes that other groups have never directed on like harassment, selectivity, and psychological well-being. I am a great admirer of their presentations, it’s an innovative fine art which we seldom see these days. They are mind-boggling in serving the message. Countless articles have uncovered, to buff up BTS rehearse for long hours every day. Not to overlook, Social media has also lent a hand in making them connected with their supporters genuinely and pull fans together on the same road. We all understand, there existed a huge figure of followers after the achievement of megastars and it is likewise boon for BTS. They consider they are winning only because of “ARMY”- a name given to their admirers. ARMY love for BTS is nonpareil, it is tough to believe they bred 300 million votes for the group to succeed Billboard Award!
“I have come to love myself for who I am, for who I was and for who I hope to become”, is the well-known message conveyed by the leader of the Group Mr. Namjoon (Rap Monster) in United Nation Assembly held in New York City, in 2018.
“I’ve made many and plenty of mistakes in my life,” he said.
“I have many faults and I have many more fears, but I’m going to embrace myself as hard as I can. And I’m starting to love myself gradually just little by little.”
BTS boys are continuing to grow. They land their fourth No. 1 album on the Billboard 200 chart with the biggest week of 2020 for any release. They have blown the mind of all. Their success has crossed all the limits and millions of people around the world have been hit by BTS syndrome.
BTS Musical Expansionism
BTS (방탄소년단) The boy band crystallize their position as an international luminary of the music world. Hailing from South Korea and triumphing over the heart of millions of fans worldwide, fitting to dissimilar traditions and dialect conveyed reaction from everyone to them. Their inimitable competence and adeptness are a mammoth for voluminous admirers. We all are cognizant, how our music business work conscientiously grounded over a theory of adoration, grief, and miseries but then again, a freshly premeditated model of storytelling by K-POP star BTS, centered around communal thinking like rich vs poor, self-love or psychological fitness, etc. dish up a neoteric genre of music on the platter.
Speaking with no holds barred, becoming the world’s biggest boy-band is a tough row to hoe for a commoner, it’s not as easy as a pie. Only a decade back, none ever prophesied that the English-speaking citizenries will endlessly appreciate the music of diverse lingo. It was furthermore implausible that the world once idolizing – “one direction” or “Jonas brothers” will step on the road to the Korean tongue miraculously.
After 2013, of their first promotion, it’s an underestimation to still call BTS a boy band. They are all-pervading. Whatever formed BTS exceptional and one-off, from the aforementioned greatest boy bands amongst the humankind, is also what award BTS to spread to a prodigious variety of fanatics than their forerunners. Coming to their admirers, they announced themselves an “ARMY”. The ARMY enthusiasts are genuinely and enormously a universal flock, with millions of devotees enrolled from corner to corner in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Remarkably, the World Tour charmed a massive figure of middle-aged fans in millions. At the BTS concert, it is not surprising at all for the last few years to come across a three age-band of ARMY being present.
Not long ago, an Indian BTS Fan crafted and uploaded the attention-grabbing frolic moves of BTS by altering their videos to a Bollywood song- chunnari chunnari. The video uploaded on YouTube was channel acknowledged by many and received numerous optimistic remarks and likes from supporters globally. The song voiced by Abhijeet Bhattacharya and Anuradha Sriram again reaped the publicity in newfangled glory underneath BTS charisma.
This 7-member boy band coming from South Korean culture has numerous times exceeded chronicle sales of their music in the western culture of United States of America. Astoundingly, they become the foremost Korean band to made it to the U.S. Billboard Charts more than a few times. They also achieved the U.S. Billboard Music Awards three times placing many singers in arrears and is addressed as the 2018-19 most powerful and valuable Korean celebrities by Forbes.
Is HE back?

Last night, I was watching this Korean Drama and I denied to pause till I completed the whole 16 episodes. I appreciated the storyline, it’s remarkable which I seldom encounter in Korean movies or drama. Covering the parallel universe is an icing on the cake and the joyful windup proffer contentment to the watchers. The show is marvelous and the excitement rousing in the pit of my stomach, of finding what will happen in the next episode is unbelievable.
Excellent acting of all the characters binds you emotionally with them. They are WOW! Centered on a monarchy theme, starring Lee Min Ho and Kim Ho Eun as the main character, the drama was released in April 2020 and continued till June 2020. Netflix also counted it in the list of “Hit Netflix Drama” heedless of all the condemnation the show met on domestic land (South Korea). Anyhow, the k-drama gained popularity in other parts of Asian countries comprising India.
Talking about my favorite dialogues from the show are numerous but I adored – “You are my Unbreakable Sword”.


All hats off to BTS Army

Assam State is a part of India, located on the North-Eastern side. Every year, the state battles with flood and heavy rainfall. But this year, the condition became saddest and poorest owing to COVID 19 and Flood running together. Numerous dead and thousand homeless is a heartbreaking condition which the nation is fronting at the moment.
Bhavana, one of the BTS ARMY hailing from India, she conveyed this news on twitter.

Identified as kind and known for charity fundraisers worldwide, when BTS ARMY came across this unfortunate update via twitter, with no deferment they created a twitter fan page @btshelpIndia. Their target was to accumulate funds as much as possible within a proposed period. Nevertheless, in 24 hours, the group reached the anticipated amount and donated around $8000 nearly.
I purple You
“If you are a true fan of BTS, then it has to be the greatest news for you”

Lugging with Goodluck of the BTS Band logo, Samsung presented S20 + BTS edition smartphone in July 2020. Embraced in beautiful features and coated in purple, Samsung touched the heart of millions of BTS fans (ARMY). “I purple you” was the colloquial speech for the first time introduced by V (Kim Taehyung) to his followers. Since then purple became the traditional color of BTS. It is simply appealing to many.
After the launch of this new edition, it turns into the most retweeted and extremely loved post of Samsung on Twitter in the entire history. This is not new; it forever crops up when there is BTS. On every single social media, ARMY started posting the news and it became viral in an hour, so there is no surprise in bowing to the statistic that a massive figure of Fans reserved the edition on first hand.

Imagination is the beginning of Creation

” Imagination will often carry us to worlds that never were. But without it we go nowhere”. – Carl Sagan
Imagination is not only fun but also liberating. It liberates us from the gravity of what we know as real and as possible, opening up avenues that never existed before. Imagination leads us to better and better versions of ourselves just like a high-definition TV is clearer, crisper and more dynamic version of the first black and white TVs from last century. How about we take on the activity of lifting all restrictions and all constraints on who we are and what is possible for us and create a brand new vision for our lives? This does not mean we need to drop all that is great about ourselves and start from scratch
. We just take ourselves as we are and where we are and build from there. Let’s see if new realizations and discoveries about our inner desires and dreams are revealed to us. We can start there. From that, we can cherry-pick and with complete attention design the vision we want for ourselves and create goals to bring us there. Let your imagination give you wings.
In short, to “Imagine”, is to reason. Imagining is to the mind, what beating is to the heart, a cavalier, incognizant, untamable reflex; so why write an essay on the basis of such a monotonous concept, the answer is simple, I do not intend to. My favorite word is, “Imagination”. You see whilst to imagine is to take a step to preserving life, it is imagination that qualifies us to imagine. People fear the feral nature of the mind, because its capacity is endless, it encompasses every feeling ever felt, every thought ever had, and yet still opens its doors to the unknown.
The untrained mind is a beautiful thing, because it holds no prejudice, it is saturated with one’s most sincere and candid beliefs, it is so true unto itself that one must solicit the mind to liberate the words to speak. If the makings of the mind could be projected for all to see, a whole new life would be born, broadening the spectrum from romantic to sinister idealism, with all in between having their essence crudely accentuated.
Though it is fascinating to delve into the depths of the mind, “Imagination” is to each its own, and for the absence of an oral medium, we must make our peace with the words we speak. “Imagination” in its truest, most organic form, is too innocent and naďve to feature in reality. If there is a world outside the one we live in, then let it be a creation of the mind, for in the words of John Lennon “You may say I’m a dreamer, but I’m not the only one”.
The importance and influence of imagination on the creation and critique of literature varies between and within various artistic eras. Originally seen as an aberrant function of the mind, imagination was subservient to the powers of reason and order. Art involved mere replication of the real, a craft rather than an unique act of creation. Beginning as early as Aristotle, however, human imagination has been linked to the power and value of art. The ascendancy and, in some eras even superiority, of imagination as a potent mental faculty gave birth to new critical enterprises bent on articulating the manner, motivation, and merit embedded in art and the artistic process.
Imagination is a natural structure of the mind which must be trained or attuned to appreciate the greatness of art, to develop a meaningful standard of taste. Where Hume addresses the critic, Johnson’s attention is fixed on the writer and the duty of each writer “to increase prudence without impairing virtue”. Imagination is both the key and the obstacle to Johnson’s moral vision of art. In order to inspire an audience toward goodness, an artist must possess a fertile and ever expanding imagination. “Whatever is beautiful, and whatever is dreadful, must be familiar to his [the poet’s] imagination… for every idea is useful for the enforcement or decoration of moral and religious truth”.
Imagination is good when its powers are given direction, moral purpose. Johnson assumes a somewhat utilitarian attitude toward imagination; the value of imagination is dependent on its usefulness in attaining or helping others to attain virtue. Unchecked, imagination promotes virtue and vice ambivalently. Imaginative freedom must only exist within the bounds of an imminently rational moral code. Romantic critics turn the Eighteenth Century division between reason and imagination to their own poetic and critical purposes.
Imagination is a creative power that is necessary for inventing an instrument, designing a dress or a house, painting a picture or writing a book. George Bernard Shaw. Imagination is not only fun but also liberating.
Imagination, also called the faculty of imagining, is the ability of forming mental images, sensations and concepts, in a moment when they are not perceived through sight, hearing or other senses. Imagination is the work of the mind that helps create. Imagination helps provide meaning to experience and understanding to knowledge; it is a fundamental facility through which people make sense of the world, and plays a key role in the learning process. Imagination is the faculty through which we encounter everything. The things that we touch, see and hear coalesce into definite forms through the processes of our imagination.
digital marketing v/s social media marketing
A digital marketing include one or more platforms like (Internet Advertising, Mobile ads, TV, SMS, etc.) while a social media strategy may include one or more social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, etc.)
While the two encompass different components, social media marketing is a part of digital marketing. However, while digital marketing will include promoting across multiple channels, social media marketing is limited to internet based social media platforms.
Digital marketing
Digital marketing is an era of new marketing, through this many people can commenced business, ads marketing approach that primarily relies on the internet to connect with the target audience through various digital media channels and platforms.
Digital marketing is an all-encompassing term that consists of digital channels, such as content writing , SEO, email marketing, social media marketing, mobile marketing and so on, to create elaborate strategies to reach and connect with prospects and customers.
An average user consumes content via the television, computer, tablet, smartphone, radio, and other traditional media. This constant exposure to various types of media has led to information overload, further complicating the buyer’s journey. Digital marketing has allowed brands to stay relevant by making themselves visible through different channels and touchpoints.
Apart from traditional marketing channels, such as television, newspapers, billboards, and so on, marketers use these digital channels to guide prospects through their purchase journey and keep in touch with their existing customers.
Digital marketing is about the implementation of a variety of customized digital media marketing channels to achieve any of the following objectives:
- To grow your products or services sales and profits
- Create your brand awareness and build a strong relationship with your target audience
- Create and add value
- Promote your products or services or brand
- And many more!
Remember that it is not necessary to include all available digital media marketing channels in your marketing campaign to accomplish your goals. Digital marketers develop a customized digital marketing strategy that includes the most appropriate digital marketing channels that fit your business, target audience, and of course, your budget.
Social media marketing
Social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook and Instagram are here to stay, which means that marketers can leverage this popularity and use it for their brand’s growth and also to pad their wallets. One of the greatest benefits of social media marketing is that it helps you reduce marketing costs, without sacrificing the results.
Not only can you reach a global audience with limited resources but social media can get you a target audience. Having access to all these customers will help boost traffic. When a new blog or update is put on the homepage, it can take time to get traction through Google, which means that few customers will know the new content if they are not searching for your product or service. Using social media for business also boosts your site’s SEO.
Social media marketing is a powerful way for businesses of all sizes to reach prospects and customers. SMM, is a form of internet marketing that involves creating and sharing content on social media networks in order to achieve your marketing and branding goals. Social media marketing includes activities like posting text and image updates, videos, and and other content that drives audience engagement, as well as paid social media advertising.
How Social Media Marketing Can Help You Meet Your Marketing Goals
Social media marketing can help with a number of goals, such as:
- Increasing website traffic
- Building conversions
- Raising brand awareness
- Creating a brand identity and positive brand association
- Improving communication and interaction with key audiences
The bigger and more engaged your audience is on social media networks, the easier it will be for you to achieve every other marketing goal on your list!
Best Social Media Marketing Tips
Social Media Content Planning
Great Social Content
A Consistent Brand Image
Social Media for Content Promotion
Sharing Curated Links
Tracking Competitors
Measuring Success with Analytics
There are also best platforms for social media marketing like Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, twitter, google+, YouTube etc.
After reading the above explanations, it must be clear to you that social media marketing is just a part of digital marketing.
Digital marketing uses both online and offline digital means to reach out to the target audience, while social media marketing is limited to online boundaries.
Using all the digital marketing channels is not a wise decision and do not have the right impact. The choice of digital media channels depends on your industry, business, and type of audience. Due to this, you often need to test, make changes, retest and measure the outcomes of your digital marketing campaigns to determine which works best for your brand or business. Based on these results, you can drop those digital marketing channels, which fail to provide satisfactory growth or ROI.
The success of your social media marketing campaign depends heavily on your content strategy. It means you need to keep posting fresh and unique content on your social media accounts to interact and engage your target audience.
Investment and speculation
Investment and speculations has the common objective to get gain from an asset,but the way and the methods are different.In investment the investors need to wait for longtime where as speculators try to make money in short time.Investment has the long term objective on the assets, securities, buildings etc to increase in the value. Where in speculation the profit or gain will be depends on the change in the price of assets in short time.
work smartly or intelligently?
To be an intelligent person is not so enough for your personality may be you are not ready to take quick actions smartly.
Being smart can focus more on the idea of being good at something by having a broader knowledge in that specific something compared to the majority.
Being Intelligent, Many people attest that intelligence is gained through education but no, what you gain from education is cleverness as well as knowledge. Intelligence it is truly something we are born with and it can be manifested trough varies ways. I have looked to see if there are any scholars talking about this but sadly no. Intelligence is having the ability to find solutions to difficult situations quicker than other people or having different abilities that enhance the way you think.
An intelligent people can be hard working and they can devote long hours for work, but a person who work smartly they devote time according to the situation with action plan and devote less hours for the work.
Smart is an earned status. Smart can also be applied to sarcasm. We have ‘smart like’ answers, or we can be ‘smart’ when answering a question or talking in a conversation. We don’t apply intelligent to the idea of being sarcastic.
Intelligence, on the other hand, is something with which you are born. Your IQ is a measurement of your intelligence, and doesn’t change because it is a measure of your ability to learn. This can apply to terms we chronically associate with intelligence, like math, or it can apply to your ability to learn negotiation of emotional issues. In either case, it is inherent, and it simply stems from your genetic makeup.
Intelligent is used as a higher level of measured intellect. We give a higher compliment when we tell someone they are intelligent, versus when we tell them that they are smart. Intelligence is directly related to our own degree of sophisticated knowledge.
Smart is what you know AND how to benefit from what you know, Intelligence is the ability to become smart. Intelligence makes you smart and not the other way round
Perhaps, becoming smart, makes you appear more intelligent.
Smart can also be applied to describe appearance. If you are a smart dresser, or you represent yourself in a smart way, this in no way implies that you have intelligence. It means that you are appropriate for the conditions, and that you look very good. We don’t imply that you are an intelligent dresser.
Intelligence also implies a certain degree of higher education. Whether you’ve actually completed a higher education, or you have yet to do so, we refer to intelligent people as those we assume to have completed a higher level of education than high school. While there are those who are intelligent who never go to college, the implication is essential when understanding the description offered.
This is one of the big huge differences as many people affirm that we can learn to be smart but not cannot acquire intelligence through any means as it is something we are born with. That is the difference between the smart work and intelligent work. through this article we can understand the work which is best an intelligent work or a smart work because to be educated is not enough to work smartly and intelligently both required for surviving our life’s , if you are intelligent and smart you can achieve anything in your life.

CRYPTOCURRENCY
Cryptocurrencies are non-physical virtual currencies or currencies based on cryptography. Cryptocurrency is made up of very complex programs. These can also be referred to as software codes. These are called ‘cryptocurrencies’ because they use encryption technology. The cryptocurrency was invented in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto
The major cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Lightcoin and Stellar. The most valuable and popular of these is Bitcoin. This is also the first cryptocurrency. Bitcoin is currently valued at $ 10,000 against the dollar. Bitcoin is traded through Bitcoin exchanges
Cryptocoin is not a new concept. But the full credit for turning the octopus into a grass-eating cow goes to some individual or group known by the nickname Satoshi Nakamoto.Satashi introduced the Bitcoin protocol in 2008 and introduced it in 2009. Satoshi Nakamoto suddenly disappeared from the world of bitcoin in 2011 without even giving a hint of who he was, building the Bitcoin protocol and related software and providing all the infrastructure needed for further development.Media outlets such as The New Yorker and Fast Company have been scrutinizing the identity of Satoshi, but no definite answer has been found. Shinichi Mochisuki, Japanese mathematician, computer engineer and economistTed Nelson, the father of ‘hypertext’, believes that Satoshi has no choice but to become. He gives no clear evidence for this. Ted Nelson argues that the character traits of Mochisuki, who withdrew after publicizing his findings and giving the public the necessary guidance, are in perfect agreement with Satoshi.The concept of Bitcoin is not just for a mathematician or a computer engineer. These conclusions are underlined by the fact that it can only be achieved by someone with extraordinary insights into economic, social and humanitarian issues. Moreover, good knowledge of the English language is required to discuss this concept with the outside world in a way that does not interfere with its meaning. Mochisuki is one of the few Japanese who can speak English fluently. But Mochisuki has denied this, so Bitcoin’s father still hides behind the nickname Satoshi.
In all existing monetary systems, the value of a currency is controlled by a centralized institution. For example, the value and distribution of our currency are controlled by the Reserve Bank. In this type of centralized control system, consumers are always at risk of being exploited. Moreover, black money poses a major challenge to the monetary system.This is where Bitcoin comes into play. No individual can exploit the Bitcoin system in a harmful way. The production of counterfeit coins is also impossible. Unlike other currencies, there are accurate estimates of the maximum number of bitcoins that can be marketed. 210 lakh bitcoins will be marketed only in predetermined proportions. This completely eliminates inflation.
Bitcoin and the Bitcoin network are protected in two ways. The first is through highly secure cryptographic technology. According to this, the full right to spend and keep is reserved for the Bitcoin owner only.The second is the Bitcoin exchange account known as the blockchain. That is, a blockchain is a register that encodes information on all completed Bitcoin transactions.Here too, one can look at the shortcomings of the common banking system and understand the relevance of the blockchain. Withdraw more than the amount in the account in the normal banking system. Banks use centralized books to avoid errors such as paying checks for unaccounted money. However, we do not accept checks from unbelievers. Because of the fear of bouncing. Moreover, the misconduct of the bank officials may result in loss of money. All of this is excluded in the Bitcoin currency system.The Bitcoin Blockchain is a public account book that encodes all Bitcoin transactions and systematically connects them to each other under the clock. The process of making bitcoin blocks and updating the ledger is known as bitcoin mining. Bitcoins are rewarded by the Bitcoin community.The reward for this is the number of new coins entering the Bitcoin network (down from the previously mentioned 210 million coins). Once the index reaches 210 lakhs, new bitcoins cannot be mined. According to estimates, we will have to wait until 2140 to reach this magic number. Once the 210 lakh coins have reached the market, the new coins will be exchanged for the renewal of the books of account and the exchangers will have to pay a fixed percentage of the amount for the renewal of the books of accounts. As the competition intensifies, so does the exchange rate.
Apart from India, countries like China, Nepal, Russia, Vietnam and Bolivia have also banned virtual currencies, including Bitcoin.
In April 2018, the Reserve Bank will impose restrictions on cryptocurrencies. The ban was aimed at curbing irregularities that could affect economic growth.
Be Civilized
Anthropologist Margaret Mead was asked by a student what she considered to be the first sign of civilization in a culture. The student expected Mead to talk about clay pots, tools for hunting, grinding-stones, or religious artifacts, but Mead said that the first sign of civilization in an ancient culture was a 15,000 years old fractured femur found in an archaeological site. Femur (thighbone) that had been broken and then healed. In societies without the benefits of modern medicine, it takes about six weeks of rest for a fractured femur to heal. This particular bone had been broken and had healed. Mead explained that in the animal kingdom, you break your leg, you die. You cannot run from danger, get to the river for a drink or hunt for food. You are meat for prowling beasts. No animal survives a broken leg long enough for the bone to heal. Broken femur that has healed is evidence that someone has taken time to stay with the one who fell, has bound up the wound, has carried the person to safety and has tended the person through recovery. Helping someone else through difficulty is where civilization starts. We are at our best when we serve others. Be civilized.
Sometimes I’m wondering if we’ve lost the primary sign of true civilization. When I hear the angry rhetoric and therefore the arrogant talk about a number of our chat show pundits and political candidates, I’m wondering what has become of compassion. When I happen to catch a flash of a vicious voice like Ann Coulter (I can only take a few minutes) I’m wondering what has become of civilization. When I hear even Christians talk in such bitter tones about immigrants and minorities, anybody who is “different”, I’m wondering if they need ever read the Gospels and if they care about the values of the Kingdom of God. I know it is an extreme voice, but I even heard a web preacher say he thought we should always take the Bible literally and stone homosexuals. God have mercy! If Margaret Meade is correct that the primary sign of true civilization is compassion, I’m wondering just how civilized we are.
Of course, there was an enormous outpouring of well-deserved compassion and bonafide outrage over the death of Cecil the Lion, but what about the death of innocent children caught amid war, or homeless families in our uncivilized urban centers? The Old Testament all for welcoming the alien and therefore the stranger and the first ministry of the first church was to worry for the widows and orphans. Compassion isn’t just the primary sign of civilization, it’s central to what it means to be a lover of Christ. St. Paul draws a sharp contrast between the “works of the flesh” which include strife, anger, quarrels, factions, envy” (…sounds like our current political climate) and the “fruits of the spirit” which are love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control.” (Gal. 5:19-23).
And so…I check my own heart and spirit. Even when handling people I afflict, am I able to commit to measuring by the primary sign of civilization, to measure with compassion?
4P’s of Marketing
“Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell” is something that we all remember from our school days whether we had biology in our graduation or not.
Whenever someone is studying Marketing concepts, there is a very little chance that they will not learn about the famous and highly spoken “4P’s of Marketing”. The 4 P’s form the pillar of marketing strategies introduced by McCarthy in his book “Basic Marketing: A Managerial Approach”.
4 P’s include: product, price, place and promotion. Often referred to as the marketing mix, the four Ps are constrained by internal and external factors in the overall business environment, and they interact significantly with one another. According to investopedia, the 4 Ps of marketing are used by companies to identify some key factors for their business, including what consumers want from them, how their product or service meets or fails to meet those needs, how their product or service is perceived in the world, how they stand out from their competitors, and how they interact with their customers.

Product:
It basically refers to the goods or service that the company has to offer to its customers. It should cater to the demands of the customers. Marketers make a lot of efforts to improve and customize their products according to customers in order to create differentiation and include value proposition. They also need to understand the life cycle of a product, and business executives need to have a plan for dealing with products at every stage of their life cycle. The type of product also partially dictates how much businesses can charge for it, where they should place it, and how they should promote it in the marketplace.
Place:
Place is the distribution channel used to sell the product or service. The goal of business executives is always to get their products in front of the consumers that are the most likely to buy them. At times, some products are sold in the market physically and kept at stores while others are sold online through e-commerce websites. It’s critical then, to evaluate what the ideal locations are to convert potential clients into actual clients.
Price:
Price is the cost end consumers pay for that specific product or service. Ideally, marketers must try to link the price to the product’s real and perceived value, but they also must consider supply costs, seasonal discounts, and competitors’ prices. In some cases, business executives may raise the price to give the product the appearance of being a luxury. Price is a sensitive issue and hence a lot of decision making is needed in order to get and evaluate the right cost of the product.
Promotion:
Promotion includes all the strategies in order to increase brand visibility and reaching out to the masses such as advertising, public relations, and promotional strategy. The goal of promoting a product is to reveal to consumers why they need it and why they should pay a certain price for it. Each touch point must be supported by a well positioned brand to truly maximize return on investment.
Volatility in share price
As share market is volatile market the price of the shares will be chage every day. It may be negative or positive. There are many several issues which can impact on the share price. It may be internal or external. What ever it will affect share price. When company declares it’s quarterly results it will always has impact on its share price. Majore parts are turnover,profit, reserve, expenses etc. If companies sales are improving and company has mentioned increase in profits it may positively impact on share price. If profits and sales are negetive it may negetively impact on share price.In balance sheet Debts are growing it will affect the share price. When company brings new products to market,if such companies competitors are becoming strong it will affect the share price.In external if countries economy is in depression it will negetively hit the price.if mansoon is good in country it will be good news for market of mansoon if bad it will negetively hit the Market. when government bring new schemes which may benifitial for corporates then market will get possitive sign from it, hope will increase.As share market get highly impact from news it act quickly to each and every aspects.
Neuralink brain chip
Elon Musk‘s mysterious Neuralink startup is working on a brain-computer interface that will allow wearers to stream music directly to their brain, the technology entrepreneur has claimed. Mr. Musk, who also heads SpaceX and Tesla, is set to reveal new information about the mysterious startup next month but has been slowly releasing details over Twitter in recent days. The device that allows the human brain to connect to a computer could be implanted in a person for the first time later this year, announced the founder of Neuralink neurotechnology company, the tycoon Elon Musk. This crazy project of Elon Musk and his startup seems to be going well. Elon Musk said on Twitter that the Neuralink is working on an “awesome” new version of the company’s signature device. “Clearly better than Utah Array,” he said contentedly.

Neuralink’s ambitions are really great! The main purpose of the device is to compensate for entire sections of the brain lost due to a stroke, accident, or congenital disease. The billionaire businessman said that people would soon be able to use the brain chip technology of Neuralink to stream music into their brains without any special efforts. According to Musk, Neuralink chip would also be able to control hormone levels and help with anxiety relief and some other mental issues. The Tesla CEO noted that those who are willing to get Neuralink chip into their brains would go through a process similar to laser eye surgery.
One part of it will involve a neurosurgical robot, which fits flexible “threads” into the brain connected to a tiny implantable computer chip. A research paper detailing the device claims that a single USB-C cable will provide “full-bandwidth data streaming” to the brain. Neuralink has 11 job postings listed on its website, offering roles for a mechanical engineer, a robotics software engineer, and a “histology technician”. Over the weekend, Mr. Musk made a request for people with specific expertise in wearables. Earlier this month, Mr. Musk hinted that Neuralink’s chip will be able to cure depression and addiction by “retraining” the parts of the brain responsible for these afflictions.

Of course, it is not yet clear what the updated concept looks like and whether it will work at all. SpaceX and Tesla chief, however, is full of optimism and enthusiasm. “The potential is truly transformational for restoring brain & motor functions,” he said in his tweet on Monday. If the arrival of the first tests on the human brain is encouraging, the road is long until the actual implantation of Neuralink. In another tweet, he says: “First, we need to make it super safe & easy to use, then determine the greatest utility vs. risk. From initially working to volume production & implantation is a long road.” Though the company is yet to make an announcement over its official plans, Musk recently said that there will be a progress update on August 28.
Neuralink was founded in 2016 and since then the company has only held one public presentation about how the technology will work. In 2019, Musk had said that Neuralink was developing a “sewing machine-like” device that would provide a direct connection between a computer and a chip inserted inside the brain.
HOW TO WIN THE WAR FOR TALENT.
Even though potentially by the candidate are normally have not chance to familiarize themselves with the culture, when applying for the position then the word of mouth with usually an a engaging workplace go unnoticed, as employee retention card is an important factor in the war of talent, and effective employee engagement will always be a great card to play with their challenge, and less than the half them believe that they have good programs in place of the engage and retain employees. Refer to TalentMapAsia for more information.
Employee are engagement is the important. Various studies have proved engaged employees among other, are the more productive less absence days and generate higher profits. To the dedicate more efforts to employee engagement board across the organization. Let the team understand engagement from the your employee from your employees are perspective on the basis of yearly employee engagement survey and carry out of full communication to develop strategies and tactic that enhance engagement.

- EMPLOYEE FLEXIBILITY – There are no doubt that in order for employers to attack and retain top talent decreasing the level of employee disengagement,offering the right mix for the corporate of wellness initiatives is critical.
More and more employees are both old and young believe that employers need to play active roles in reducing the amount of the street in their lives. Employees are also of the belief that employers are the right ones do that. Initiative such as mediation program, flexible work arrangement, improvement of work environment and introduction of amenities such as fitness rooms are the days centers of many many more have the capability of making work of environment more for the challenged parents, great talent and the new generation.
Their are the seven types of the war to win for the talent –
You want more insights on how employee engagement can leave a position impact on your bottom line? Download our white paper linking customer experience with employee engagement.
- YOUR STRATEGY – Employee retention is a strategy for keeping your employee happy an productive. It required adopting and idea then you have shaped yourself based and data you have collected. It is about building on own principle and sticking to them.
2. GUIDANCE – The place to start is your own shoes, We needed to analyze role in your employee retention strategy and go from the there. You are the person which is charge. That means you get to have the final say all the big decision and tasks put together the team and coordinates the machinery.
3. STRONG TEAM – We have the your backyard covered and then now we have your neighbor. Your employee are need and collaboration from one another which is why has to be strong sense employee of team and mutual goals.
4. TALENT DEVELOPMENT – You are the part of war for talent. We have already made it clear that even though it hard to find the employee. then the it make them stay harder.
5. DEMANDING TASKS – Young, talent people who are to work hard, show off their qualities of world are need an the opportunity.
6. BELONGING – Another important task ahead of you is to be make employee feel like their workplace is their second of house.
7. AWARD SYSTEM – The final aspects of your employee retention strategy is the award you set up for all the employees.
CARBON TAX AND CARBON CREDIT
A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon content of fuels. It is a carbon pricing. Carbon is present in every hydrocarbon fuel such as coal, petroleum and natural gas and is released as carbon dioxide CO2 when they are burnt. 
Carbon taxes offers a costeffective means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Products produced through dirty processes will became more expensive thereby making it possible for other products produced through cleaner processes to compete on price. By raising the cost of using fossil fuels, a carbon tax would tend to increase the cost of producing goods and services especially things such as electricity or transportation that involve relatively large amounts of CO2 emissions.
Carbon credit is a permit representing the right to emit one tonnes of carbon dioxide or the mass of another green house gas with a carbon dioxide equivalent. One carbon credit is equal to one metric otonne of carbon dioxide.
Carbon market can be divided into two
1)The voluntary market.
2) Regulatory or compliance market. In the compliance market carbon credits are generated by projects that operate under one of the UN framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC) approved mechanism such as the clean development mechanism (CDM). Credits generated under this mechanism are known as certified emissions reductions (CERs)
In voluntary market carbon credits are generated by projects that are accredited to independent International Standards.
This week Canada ‘s Federal Govt took the latest step when it extended its carbon pricing program Nation wide. More than 40 Govts world wide have now adopted some sort of price on carbon. Economists suggests this is a way to curb emissions.
Now the COVID 19 pandemic has so far slashed global carbon emissions by more than 8 %. But this is only temporary
The practice of gratitude
“Acknowledging the good that you already have in your life is the foundation for all abundance.” – Ekhart Tolle
Gratitude, thankfulness, or gratefulness, is a feeling of appreciation felt by or similar positive response shown by the recipient of kindness, gifts, help, favors, or other types of generosity, towards the giver of such gifts. Gratitude turns what we already have into enough. It gives us a feeling of satisfaction and eternal peace. Gratitude is the best medicine, it heals one’s mind, body, and spirit, and it attracts more things to be grateful for.

Why do we need to practice gratitude?
“The struggle ends where gratitude begins”.
We all are surrounded by beautiful nature, we have our favorite people around us and we have enough food, clothes, and facilities. But, it is quite common that we take these things for granted. When we take things for granted, we are not satisfied with what we have and we strive to get something else, if we get it, then again we want something else, and we are never satisfied. Consider the present situation where we all are sitting at our respective houses. Earlier we could freely roam around, walk-in streets and parks, visit beautiful places, enjoy the fresh air and beauty of nature. But, we used to take all these for granted. We were really not grateful for the places around us, the beauty around us. But, now we realize its importance. The reality is that we always have enough of the resources around us for our survival. But, sadness drives in when we don’t appreciate what we have and take that for granted. Each one of us is living a life that is actually a dream life for a second person. So, just embrace it.
Imagine your life without the people around you, who are always there with you and support you. If you remove them from your life and think deeply, you will realize that they have a big role to play in your life which you never really thought about. The people around you are precious, value them, and be grateful to them that they are with you. Imagine a day without food, clothes, shoes, or air. If you do this exercise, you realize that you have enough of these things. Your desire to eat in a restaurant and to wear stylish clothes was really not that important. You get your food every day, you have clothes and shoes to wear. So, be thankful for what you have. Each and everything we get in our life, each and everything happening to us is very valuable to build us, to build our personality. Everything happens for a good reason. Being thankful for everything we get and for every event we come across gives us a satisfactory feeling, it eliminates negativity and makes our life more pleasurable. Saying thank you to another person pleases them and us too.
What do we get out of it?
A grateful heart is a magnet for miracles. The day you start practicing gratitude, it never ends. The more you express your gratitude for what you have, the more things you will have to express gratitude for. It gives you immense peace, happiness, and satisfaction. It rewires our brain and reduces stress. It boosts our immunity, improves relationships, and makes each day more beautiful. It makes sense of our past, brings peace for today, and creates a vision for tomorrow. Gratitude is the most wonderful feeling. Once you start practicing it, there is no way back.
“Thank You ” is the best prayer anyone could say.

“Doctors the life savior’s”
Doctors have always been perceived as people with immense knowledge and the custodians of our health. These health workers have left no stones unturned in leading the battle against an invisible enemy – the novel coronavirus. Leaving their lives and family behind, doctors are working round the clock to tackle every challenge during this global pandemic. Their fight is grueling, lonely and often thankless. However, despite difficulties, their commitment towards humanity never wavers.
Needless to say, doctors, nurses and people working in health-care sectors are particularly vulnerable to the highly infectious disease. In response to the global pandemic, the under-resourced doctors are facing unprecedented challenges. The list of the sleep-deprived heroes includes doctors, nurses, medical cleaners, pathologists, paramedics, ambulance drivers, and health-care administrators. In the fight against coronavirus, the brave medical army stands strong with thermometers, stethoscopes, and ventilators as their weapons. Not to forget, medical researchers are working day in and night out against all odds, hoping to find the antidote to the disease.
Since the coronavirus outbreak, health-care professionals have not only experienced the gratification of healing patients and saving their lives but have also lost many battles along the way. On top of that, many doctors have even sacrificed their own lives in the line of duty.
Every day, the selfless warriors are giving it their all in health-care settings while cutting themselves off from their families and loved ones. The sacrifice that they are making for the safety and welfare of humanity is priceless and deserves lifelong gratitude on our end. Most importantly, we must reassess the value health-care workers hold in our lives and the kind of treatment they get from us. Among the several lessons this coronavirus pandemic has been teaching us, the biggest one is to find ways to sufficiently invest in the better and more efficient medical fraternity and give medical professionals the respect, compensation and infrastructure that they truly deserve once this crisis is over.
That being said, we’d now like to highlight the heroic efforts of some courageous and inspiring doctors from across the globe who lost their lives while saving the lives of COVID-19 patients. Most of health care is far too distracted by the global pandemic of COVID-19. These are difficult times, professionally and personally. Doctors are in the thick of this pandemic, fighting from the front and performing their duties untiringly. Separated from their families—children, spouses, aging parents—indefinitely, moving into separate quarters, so they don’t bring the contagion home.
Doctor is our god who saved our lives. While the deadly virus has brought attention to the inadequacies in the health-care systems across the globe, doctors and health-care workers have been risking their lives to save all of us. They are also risking the lives of their family members, which indeed is a huge sacrifice.
Doctors are blessed with the magical powers to treat a life, to bring health into our lives and to be there with us when we lose hope. Today, at great personal risk doctors are working for our wellbeing. We can do something for our corona fighters by staying home, using of mask and sanitizers, maintain social distancing, we can support our doctors and health care workers by maintaining all these things. Moreover, the world needs to work towards advancement in medical research and technology. Nothing will be a greater tribute to the health-care workers than this.

Bargaining a consumer behavior
When a person wants to saves money during buying anything of its use it’s called bargaining, it’s a trick of saving money.
Bargaining or haggling is a type of negotiation in which the buyer and seller of a good or service debate the price and exact nature of a transaction. If the bargaining produces agreement on terms, the transaction takes place. Bargaining is an alternative pricing strategy to fixed prices. Optimally, if it costs the retailer nothing to engage and allow bargaining, they can deduce the buyer’s willingness to spend.
Bargaining means you are trying to get the best price without compromising on any features or benefits. It is competitive, aggressive and a win-lose strategy, and neither party is generally satisfied. On the other hand, negotiation happens in an environment of trust and openness. It is a win-win strategy where both the parties leave the table satisfied.
One of the most effective bargaining methods is to ask if buying multiple items together merits a discount. This is especially helpful when shopping for gifts.
Purchasing Negotiation is part art part science.
If you have been led to believe that you must be the smartest man on planet Earth to be a successful negotiator, it is not so. Apart from having good skills as a negotiator, the most important factor is to Prepare.
This is where the psychological process comes in that you need to use persuasion, communication, verbal & nonverbal skills.
Basically there are 2 types of objectives and approaches to purchasing negotiation. The first is the Confrontational or Lose – Lose approach where you don’t care whether the suppliers makes or loses money. You just bang on the supplier to give you 20% discount no matter what.
Lose – Lose Approach
We call this lose-lose because while you may get the discount you want in the short term, that will come at the expense of quality, delivery times etc. So at the end while the supplier loses in the discount given the buying organization loses more than the discount given.
The second approach is that of Win-Win Negotiations. For example, when you write a price negotiation letter to the supplier, you want to be fair to the supplier and ensure that he makes a reasonable profit but he delivers the products/services with the highest possible quality and on time.
While Win type is most talked about it happens in only about 20% of cases. Plus this is not easy, depending on who’s supervising the purchasing department and company culture.
Deals fall through every day. But businesses that depend on long-term customer relationships have a particular need to avoid win-lose situations, since backing out of a bad deal can cost a lot of future deals as well. Some buyers resort to hardball tactics even when the salesperson has done a consummate job of selling. The premise is that it costs nothing to ask for a concession. Sellers can always say no. They will still do the deal. But many sellers—especially inexperienced ones—say yes to even the most outrageous customer demands.
These is the scenario buying and selling of goods .does not matter you are rich or poor bargaining is the trend and behavior of people .they likes to do these things because it’s a kind of sense of achievement after bargaining .
Taste of Tribal Jharkhand
Jharkhand is a state that is growing popularity these days not only owing to budding tourism places but also people commonly relate it to mouth-watering delicacies. The cuisine is not very unalike from its neighboring states like Bihar or Kolkata It is truthfully attractive and contains a diverse cooking form which styles it wholly exceptional. People here use mustard oil as the main element in most dishes which gives it a distinctive flavor.
So, let’s taste some-
Dhuska
Dhuska is one of the utmost widespread food in Jharkhand and is a part of every day. Your voyage to Jharkhand is unfinished without eating Dhuska. It is typically devoured as a breakfast item, fried deeply in mustard oil. Thee ingredients used in Dhuska are rice and urad dal. It’s served with green chutney and chole.

Litti Chokha
One of the most important and famous cuisines of Jharkhand is Litti & Chokha. The food of Jharkhand is mostly vegetarian. Litti is the very famous dish of Jharkhand which is serving with Bangan Barta and Allo Barta.

Rugda
Rugda is a species of Mushroom which is a very delicious food item. A type of mushroom which you will find only during the monsoons, often in the forest. It grows beneath the soil and only the locals of the forest will be able to find it. Although found only in the Chota Nagpur Plateau, it can be found all over the state. It can be said which no one wants to leave. If cooked well with proper ingredients you will fall in love with the dish.

Chilka
A dish made of rice flour served with Oal (yams) ki Sabzi or with mutton curry is a famous dish. A dish made from a staple grain; rice, this reminds of a south Indian dish dosa but has a distinct flavor. Made in a similar way using rice flour, chana dal, and Urad dal as ingredients this Jharkhand food is a famous dinner of these people.

The CHERO
The Chero lived in the Jharkhand State of India. They are “Adivasis” and belongs to the Wotriol tribe. Many people called them “Cherus or Cher was”. In some districts of Jharkhand, they are widely recognized by name of “Bara Hazar”. In many books, I found that they called themselves Rajput and are divided into two sub-divisions – 1) Bara Hazari, 2) Barbadian. These two subgroups are endogamous, and both groups are further divided into several septs. The chero village is situated in plain areas marks the hills and dense forest.

Coming to their family structure, the Chero has a patrilocal and Patriarchal system. They have full faith in marriage and they have confidence in the sacred ritual of marriage. They usually follow the rule of monogamy. The Chero has also adopted dual worship. They worship Hindi gods and goddesses and also worship local gods and spirits. The female members of a family tattooed themselves made by malariam.
Credit Where It Is Due
Who invented the telephone? Alexander Graham Bell. Who invented the computer? Charles Babbage. Who invented the automobile? Karl Benz. Who invented the airplane? The Wright Brothers. We all were taught in school about the great inventors and scientists who created history by creating something extraordinary, but as history has appreciated some of the remarkable people it has not been so kind to the women inventors and there were times when the credit of something remarkable was passed on to a man, stealing away not only the credit but also a chance to be recognized and be remembered always. Let us take a look at such incredible women who’s inventions were credited to their male counterparts.
Rosalind Franklin- In 1958, James D. Watson and Francis H.C Crick received a Nobel prize for their groundbreaking discovery o the double Helix, which changed our point of view of the human DNA, but little do we know that it was Rosalind Franklin who actually discovered the double Helix but died 4 years prior of cancer with no recognition whatsoever.


Lise Meitner- In 1944, Otto Hann won a prize in Chemistry from the Royal Swedish Academy for his discovery of nuclear fission. This discovery would later contribute to the making of the atomic bombs. The woman that he worked in this dangerous research was Lise Meitner, who never received credit for her work.
Hedy Lamarr- Hedy Lamarr was an American-Australian actress and a fashion icon, but she was also the brilliant mind who took part in the invention of the radio guidance system- the system that enables the WiFi and Bluetooth that we use every day. What’s tragic is that while she was presenting her invention to the Navy with her partner, George Antheil, the Navy just pretended to not be interested in it and then stole it later on. Unfortunately, she received her due to recognition in her 80s.


Margaret Knight- In 1868, a woman who was working at a paper bag factory, invented the machine that sealed and folded the paper bag on its own, saving millions of dollars in the workplace. It may sound nothing but back in 1868, it was a revolutionary idea. But there was a machinist who asked to see her machine and he went and tried to patent it in his name behind her back. Fortunately, she fought him and because there were several eyewitnesses, she managed to win the case and received her credit.
White collar crime
The White collar crime as a unique form of illegal behavior which is recieved by the great deal of attention since sutherland introduced at the concept in his 1939 president to the american socio- economics status in the ciurce of occupation activity has been the focused upon in serve the ways. For instance, number of reserch studies of the white crime has the initiated by the legal character of the violation questioned of soci logical relevence of that the concept have been doubted their are indicated
Critiques and summaries has the written and the most of criminology textbooks considerable are devoted to a discussion of the white collar crime 7.
Then because of the validity of their white collar crime as a form of crime has been subject of serve controversy, the questions of the conceptual has largely been ignored . Today as addition to be the lack of conceptual clarity a satisfactory explanation of the diverse behaviors subsumed under the concept of the does not exits. These difficulties are to be expected are the search for causative are to be the white collar crime has been hampered by the number of problems which is the impended the study of other form of crime. Two principle problems have been their are the units –
- unit of the analysis.
- Level of explanation. A discussion of these problems as they are apply particularly to be the study of white collar crime will aids to be clarity the concept of white collar crime and will provide suggestion for reorientation.in the theory.
It is the apparent then that such effort to distinguish catagories of the white collar crime, or to resitrict the definition of white collar crime itself must be the undertaken in order to give the concept of any scientific in order to give various principle of classification should be considered. Possible classification could be the kind of occupation and the employment, The position of the occupation in the occupation structure, the occupational role or roles of the offender, The institutional nature of the occupation or organization.Also classifications could based on the relation of the offence to societal values.
An additional consideration is the possibility of a multi-dimensional classification.-
However, before white collar typologies can be developed, a more pressing problem must be faced
and that is that the concept of white collar crime today rather indiscriminately covers a diverse,
wide, and oftentimes uncertain and inconsistent range of behaviors. The result is that we are not
entirely certain what behaviors constitute white collar crime. This is due in part to Sutherland’s
definition and to his own subsequent use. of the concept of the 3-
1. The research and writing of others on the subject have done little to clarify the concept. remain uncertain as to
2. the importance of the social status of the offender,the exact meaning
of occupational activity.
What Color is your Personality ?
The five fingers in our hand are different . So , are we human beings. What is it that makes us different ? It is PERSONALITY , the difference maker and it is in your Genes. It creates the involuntary behavioral patterns necessary for you to function and to survive , and represents both your genetic coding and the outward direction you will take in life. Your personality affects all aspects of your life : your lifestyle , your work habits, your relationships, your stress responses , and your health.Your personality has two aspects : traits and characteristics. Traits are the result of inherent genetic coding that determines the way your brain functions around mental processing , which is how you gather and process information and make decisions.Characteristics are the flexible parts of personality that allow you to adapt and survive.It is driven and controlled by the boundaries predetermined by your personality traits.
There are four distinctive personality styles : RED , ORANGE , YELLOW and GREEN.
Red Personality (Red stirs the senses and passions )
Hard work is the hallmark of reds – they make things happen.They are hardworking , ambitious people who are driven to conquer. Reds are rapid-fire thinkers and become impatient with too much planning. They are fiercely competitive .In their rush to win , they may simply push others aside or run over them.With a conservative approach to life, they live more in the past than the present , and are concerned with personal safety and security.They are firm-minded, practical, stubborn , and assertive.It represents aggression , passion , strength , and action . The color red excites and represents the blood of life.Reds move the world.
Orange Personality ( Social color of service to mankind)
They are , by nature , caretakers. They are more solicitous , more sensitive or more concerned about basic human emotional needs .They are devoted , considerate , and ever-so-helpful team players.They make decisions based on how they feel about things. Orange energy seeks harmony and cooperation between people , and focusses on family and on the building of relationships that are mutually beneficial . They live more in the present than the past and plan for the future. They are jealous and protective of their things and the people they care about. They have a strong need for personal praise and seek social acceptance. They are friendly , welcoming , and approachable.
Yellow Personality ( Color of intellect , innovation )
Yellows are self-confident personalities. They are intuitive and challengers. They challenge the way things are done , and they challenge authority.They are both conceptual and analytical thinkers who pride themselves on their ability to solve problems. They live in both the present and the future. Yellow in the energy system reflects intellect and is a synthesis of both linear thinking and creativity. They are stimulated to explore new directions. Emotionally , from a positive perspective , yellow represents optimism and joy. They are idea people who have the capability of turning ideas into reality.Negatively , it represents lack of courage and fear of criticism.
Green Personality (fresh emblem of well-founded hopes)
They are open and receptive to new ideas.They are continually looking for new interests .They are expansive in their thinking – idea people who thrive on change and are constantly seeking new experiences. They are continually hopeful and optimistic that they will find their place in society , since they need conflict-free environments and relationships , and are driven by their need to be liked.Greens seek energetic social contact and approval. They live in the past and future. They are continually impatient with the present because it is too slow to catch up with their futuristic thinking. They have a deep longing for spiritual fulfillment. They continually seek to understand what their life’s purpose is , the significance of life itself , and also mental , emotional , and spiritual expansion.They are most interested in the extrasensory and the supernatural.
The final words….
New scientific evidence in the fields of behavioral and energy medicine is supporting the premise that the real cause of illness lies in our thoughts and emotions.Personality ties behavioral and emotional responses to the body. The body responds by creating weak sites predictable by personality color.If we have the knowledge and understanding of our personality colors, we have an increased awareness of the vulnerability of our state of wellness.
Kindly check the book titled
“What color is your PERSONALITY ?” – Carol Ritberger, Ph.D.
INDIAN SCENARIO OF CHILD ABUSE
In a nation wide survey on child abuse across 13 states of India report released in 2007 by Ministry of Women and child development Government of India in which 12447 children participated, more than half, 53.22% subjected to one or more forms of sexual abuse. The age wise distribution showed abuse started at 5,gained momentum 10 years onwards, peaking at 12 to 15 years. In 9 out of 13 states reported higher percentage of sexual abuse in boys as compared to girls, Delhi reporting a figure of 65.64% boys. Children at work faced the highest at 61.61%.Out of the total children interviewed 20.90% were subjected to Severe form including sexual assault. Preadolescent to Adolescent children seemed to be more at risk of suffering Severe form. It was also distributing to note that age 6 to 10 years also face severe form of sexual abuse. 
Assam, Delhi, Andhra Pradesh and Bihar reported maximum sexual abuse. There is no legislation on child physical abuse but its moral duty of all adults to report the abuse and stop further harm to the child.
Child sexual abuse is a Universal problem with grave life long outcomes. Is a complex life experience, not a diagnosis or a disorder. An array of sexual activities is covered by the term CSA.
After the enactment of the new law “Protection of child against sexual offences (POCSO) Act 2012” the concept and management of child sexual abuse (CSA) in India has changed a lot safeguarding best interest of the child in every respect at each step including rehabilitation, compensation and all legal procedure.
This law applies to all persons up to 18 years of age, is gender neutral, gives set of guidelines for all the stakeholders to perform their role as even the maintaining silence to allow sexual abuse to happen to the child is a crime and punishable offence under the law of the land, law of the land does not allow consensual sex to any person under 18 years of age, there is provision of mandatory reporting to the police under the Act.
The first step towards prevention is awareness and save the child from further abuse. Hence, stringent measures should be taken for the prevention and control of this hidden public health issue.
The abuser can be of any age, gender and socio – economic class, at times can be a family member. Sexual abuse may not be necessarily penetration, force, pain, or even touching. Most sexual abusers know the child they abuse.
World wide reports have indicated boys are equally abused as girls and have suggested that protective shield should be provided not only to the girls but also to the boys right since they are born. Children can be sexually abused even by their lawful guardians.
Polution of corruption
In India the humongous tree of corruption finds it’s roots in none other than the very opportunistic mindset of the common middle class man, which is passed on to his child at a very tender age, that he should study and strive not in order to contribute something to the society but in order to get a secure, well paying government job, entitling him/her to a prerogative called “upar ki kamai” (a jargon ironically referring to the bundles of notes exchanged under the table as bribe). As the child grows up watching his elders falsifying his D.O.B. in records of educational institutions, using political influence to get things expedited, furnishing false income/caste based certificates, milking loopholes in the system etc, his own psyche is imbibed with the same opportunism and guile.
But then, this common middle class man has such attitude because he is the one at the receiving end of a system full of deceit and inefficiency, where he needs to lock horns with red-tapeism and bribery, on daily basis, to meet even his very rightful requirements. He can teach his child honesty and dedication only at the peril of exposing a gullible child to a reckless world where straight trees are cut down first.

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