The Indian Prime Minister, Mr.Narendra Modi has recently announced that the country remains a steadfast partner in global efforts to combat the Covid pandemic. The government’s results have resulted in a positive impact against the battle with the deadly Corona Virus. India made a 100 Crore Vaccine jabs milestone on 22nd October, 2021. Thousands of health care workers and people from the government sector joined hands to achieve this mark. There had been no such mass vaccination drive in the country prior to the pandemic. Indians were not made to wait endlessly for these jabs due to vaccine makers such as The Bharat Biotech and Serum Institute. Within a short duration of time amidst the Covid – 19 waves, these manufacturers came to the rescue and supplied indigenous doses.
After several episodes of complete and partial lockdowns in the nation, the authorities began permitting to open up different sectors, trains, educational institutes and shopping malls, with the mandatory restriction of complete vaccination of an individual. The date 16th of July, will be engraved in the history of India’s achievements, as this is the day when the very first vaccines were administered to the frontliners. The civilians were initially hesitant with administration of the jabs because of several inhibitions and rumours. Gradually, the public started pre-booking their slots in order to get vaccinated. In about only 9 months, India is basking in glory with the milestone that has been achieved.
The country not just secured itself from the virus, but also worked for humanitarian causes by supplying these vaccines to other nations such as Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, South Africa, Afghanistan and many more. There were times when the government did receive backlash for supplying vaccines and this move was also being called as a risky diplomacy. Inspite of hardships, the country did supply approximately 361 lakh doses of the Covid-19 vaccine to other nations.
With the completion of this landmark, a gesture of gratitude towards the frontline warriors was displayed by lighting up of 100 monuments in India, ins colour of the Indian tri-colour. This initiative was lead by the Archaeological Survey Of India. Therefore, to offer a vote of thanks to all the doctors, nurses, sanitation staff, police officers, monuments including the Konark Temple, Agra Fort, Red Fort, Shanivar Wada, Khajurao, Fatehpur Sikri, Qutb Minar, Kumbalgarh, Nalanda, St. Francis Church, Dholavira, etc were illuminated. This expression of gratefulness towards the relentless efforts of the essential workers took place on the night of 21st October, 2021.
The National COVID-19 vaccination drive of India is the world’s largest vaccination drive and has been unprecedented in both scale and reach. India alertly imposed restrictions on the movement of people and quickly arranged for hospital like setups to provide timely health care. A series of sessions were conducted by the Prime Minister to advice the citizens regarding the ongoing crisis. India scored high on communications with health care workers during a public health emergency, trade and travel restrictions, laboratory systems, immunization, and socioeconomic resilience.
In simpler words, Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on current events based on facts and supported with proof or evidence. The word journalism applies to the occupation, as well as collaborative media who gather and publish information based on facts and supported with proof or evidence. ย It is a long process that includes various tasks such as collecting the information from various sources, preparing it accordingly, and reporting it through different media platforms like newspapers, radio, blogs, social media, television, magazines etc-etc. Journalism is the product of modern history. It has been changed over time to time, from Medieval scribes recording war and taxes to paid pamphleteers at shop waging political battles to mass-market newspapers that use new tech like trains and telephones to gather and spread the news as well as the informationโs to the people from door to door.
History of Journalism
The history of journalism spans the growth of technology and trade, marked by the advent of specialized techniques for gathering and disseminating information on a regular basis that has caused, as one history of journalism surmises, the steady increase of “the scope of news available to us and the speed with which it is transmitted. Before the printing press was invented, word of mouth was the primary source of news. Returning merchants, sailors and travelers brought news back to the mainland, and this was then picked up by peddlers and travelling players and spread from town to town. The first newspaper in India is credited to James Augustus Hickey, who launched The Bengal Gazette, also the Calcutta General Advertiser, in 1780. The paper lasted just two years before being seized by the British administration in 1782 for its outspoken criticism of the Raj. Over the years, journalism has evolved drastically and it changes over time with the latest technologies and innovations to reach a larger audience and meet their needs. To explain present-day Journalism in one word is โHandyโ. Due to the rise of digitalization, people can easily access the news from various forms of print and electronic media like podcasts, televisions, newspapers, radio, social media, magazines, websites, blogs, and so on.
Bengal’s Gazette
Forms of Journalism
Journalism is divided into different forms based on the medium such as โ
Print Journalism โ Delivering news in the form of printing such as magazines, newspapers, books, pamphlets, etc. is called print journalism. This is the oldest and widely spread journalism. People can easily access it at very low costs. The rise of other forms of journalism has a huge impact on print journalism. Newspapers, magazines, books, flyers, academic journals are the example of print journalism.
Online Journalism โ Delivering news through internet platforms such as websites, apps, blogs, social media, etc. is called online journalism. This is the latest and advanced form of journalism. It can be accessed from the tip of your fingers. Due to its easy availability and accessibility, online journalism has became popular within a short span of time.
Broadcast Journalism โ Delivering news through radio and television is called broadcast journalism. This is the most comfortable and popular form of journalism. The reason why it became more popular than print journalism is because of its visual-audio experience. It engages the audience and glues them to televisions and radios. It has higher budgets and resources compared to the other forms of journalism.
Types of Journalism
Opinion Journalism-Opinion journalism is journalism that makes no claim of objectivity. Although distinguished from advocacy journalism in several ways, both forms feature a subjective viewpoint, usually with some social or political purpose. Common examples include newspaper columns, editorials, op-eds, editorial cartoons.
Investigative Journalism– Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report.
Business Journalism– Business journalism is the part of journalism that tracks, records, analyzes and interprets the business, economic and financial activities and changes that take place in societies.
Entertainment Journalism-Entertainment journalism is any form of journalism that focuses on popular culture and the entertainment business and its products. Like fashion journalism, entertainment journalism covers industry-specific news while targeting general audiences beyond those working in the industry itself. Common forms include lifestyle, television and film, theater music, video game, and celebrity coverage.
Sports Journalism– Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on matters pertaining to sporting topics and competitions. Sports journalism started in the early 1800s when it was targeted to the social elite and transitioned into an integral part of the news business with newspapers having dedicated sports sections.
Watchdog Journalism– Watchdog journalism is a form of investigative journalism where journalists, authors or publishers of a news publication fact-check and interview public figures to increase accountability. Watchdog journalism usually takes on a form of beat reporting about specific aspects and issues.
Political Journalism– Political journalism is a broad branch of journalism that includes coverage of all aspects of politics and political science, although the term usually refers specifically to coverage of civil governments and political power.
Lifestyle Journalism– Lifestyle journalism is an umbrella term for more specialized beats of journalism such as travel journalism, fashion journalism, or food journalism
Arts Journalism– Arts journalism is a branch of journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of the arts including, but not limited to, the visual arts, film, literature, music, theater, and architecture.
Arts journalismLifestyle JournalismSports JournalismInvestigative Journalism
Who is a Journalist ?
A journalist is a person who investigates, collects, and presents information as a news story. This can be presented through newspapers, magazines, radio, television and the internet. Journalists are relied upon to present news in a well-rounded, objective manner. Journalists have distinct personalities. They tend to be artistic individuals, which means theyโre creative, intuitive, sensitive, articulate, and expressive. They are unstructured, original, nonconforming, and innovative. Some of them are also enterprising, meaning theyโre adventurous, ambitious, assertive, extroverted, energetic, enthusiastic, confident, and optimistic. The most important and the most needed skills to become a journalist are having alertness, command over language, good communication skill, can differentiate between facts and fiction and lastly working in a team. Therefore, A Good Journalist must provide good and accurate content to the people. Thus by providing accurate information will help people to understand the greater truths beyond the facts.
The trend towards media convergence in recent times means that media, technology and mobile communications have become increasingly intertwined. The future of journalism could see the emergence of more and more personalized content, intelligent algorithms and robot journalists โ as well as the opportunity to ‘experience’ that news thanks to immersive VR and AR technologies
Ever wondered what specialties distinguish a gaming laptop from a normal laptop?
Well, there are a lot of factors that act their part to make a Gaming laptop significantly better than Normal laptops. Letโs discuss what they are.
Graphics Card or GPU:
What is gaming without vivid real-life graphics? The additional dedicated Graphics card or a Graphics Processing Unit in Gaming Laptop allows your high-definition games to run more smoothly and provide improved performance. Many manufacturing companies are adding GPU in the laptops for high functionality which can be helpful even in your official works.
The advanced Graphics video cards allow better realistic landscapes and actions. Graphics cards are available in 512 MB, 1 GB, and 2 GB. A higher capacity GPU will enable you to have an unprecedented gaming experience and also allow 3D gaming.
RAM
RAM is another important feature that makes gaming laptops have an edge over normal laptops. The capacity, as well as the speed of RAM, determines how fast and smooth would your machine run. Unlike normal laptops, most Gaming laptops have dedicated VRAM for video memory. Usually, normal laptops have 2 GB RAM, whereas Gaming laptops support 4 GB or more capacity RAM.
Processor
The Processor too plays an important roleย when comparing a gaming laptop and a normal laptop.
Gaming laptops are powered by high-velocity processors which enable functioning to be swift and need minimum buffering. You would appreciate the sudden freezing of your screen in the middle of a tournament. The normal laptops do not have these high-performing processors but have comparatively slow-running quad-core processors. So while opting for gaming laptops, nothing beneath the GHz range must be considered.
Screen Size and Display
While playing HD or 3D video games, screen size and display become important factors. Gaming laptops have a wider aspect ratio which can give you a more vivid gaming experience as it will fit the display more accurately.
Viewing angle too is important in laptops as it will give you wider coverage of the field of view. You will be able to see the display from almost every angle.
Battery Life
While discussing theย difference between a normal laptop and a gaming laptop, battery life is a vital point to consider.
High definition video games will consume high powers and certainly, you would not want to drain your battery when you are at a crucial point in your game. Itโs frustrating, right?
That is why you need a higher and more powerful battery in your laptop. Normal laptops generally have a battery life of 5 to 6 hours once fully charged. But gaming laptops with stellar batteries can provide you with a run time of 12 to 13 hours at one charge. With this improved battery life, you wouldnโt be fearing running out of battery ever again.
Connectivity
As most of the video games available are played online, you should always prefer a laptop with a Wifi connection. With that, you would be able to connect to the Internet at public hotspots and communicate with your fellow players online. It is an important feature even for business and other official purposes, but often normal laptops skip this feature. Replacing your normal laptop with the gaming one will allow you to work online uninterruptedly via a Wifi connection.
Bluetooth connectivity is a major characteristic to look for in a laptop. Gaming laptops usually support Bluetooth connectivity and allow easy sharing of your data. Also, Bluetooth helps in connecting with new-age Bluetooth-compatible speakers and headphones with your laptop to give you a better audio experience.
Keyboards:
Another point is theย difference between gaming and normal laptopย is their keyboard.
Normal laptops tend to have a keyboard for light uses. It has inferior durability to mechanical keyboards of Gaming PC. But the specially designed gaming laptops are equipped with mechanical-type keyboards which offer increased tolerance to your excitement-filled hits.
Illumination:
Nobody will deny that illumination can elevate the gaming experience to the ultimate level. Normal laptops usually donโt offer any LED illumination or backlighting feature. Whereas, gaming laptops often feature stunning customizable RGB LED lighting that would give your gameplay a more lifelike feel.
Input-Output Interface
USB and HDMI ports are useful on any laptop. Gaming laptops usually offer multiple jacks for connecting external devices than the normal ones.
Internal Cooling
Long hours of uninterrupted working often leads to overheating of laptops. Gaming laptops generally come equipped with extra internal cooling fans and improved wiring for better heat dissipation than normal laptops.
Conclusion:
We hope this concise article has provided all the required information you needed to know about theย difference between a gaming laptop and a normal laptop.
Though gaming laptops are a tad bit more expensive than the normal ones, they are definitely worth the money. With improved speed, higher quality parts, and longer battery life, gaming laptops can be a great replacement for regular ones.
Although regular laptops usually have all the necessary features, it would never hurt to upgrade them for better performance.
Being out of the box and not following being a part of the rat race is the new black.
Being trapped inside the box of โlog kya kahengeโ is something that we all have faced and we still do even if we deny it. With the parents and guardians being supportive and the youth being overtly conscious and aware of their rights, we, as a generation, as a club of the 2000โs, the โgen-z clubโ are trying to freely reign the things that we want to do ignoring any type of judgement and pushing away the people who pull us down.
We are conquering the world of nonlinear growth pattern and not focusing on the aligned growth pattern which means that we do not focus on just the โconservativeโ idea of growth. We do not indulge into working like a robot but focus on a nonaligned growth pattern which means that we not only love to work but also focus on our mental health. We understand that we are not in a rat race and believe in living our lives in a comfortable manner.
Why is mental health important?
There is a clear connection between mental health and academic performance. Mental health is important for personโs growth just like a person’s physical health. Imagine working with a broken arm, will you be able to work? No. Then why should someone with anxiety disorders, paranoia, depression, etc., are expected to work efficiently when they can’t even process their mind the way they want to.
Social media and positivity
Being a generation with extreme activeness on the social media, we have made social media a happy, comforting place for everyone. Social media positivity helps us bear things. With innumerable creators creating content that helps us ignore the negativity and LIVE.
Log kya hi keh lenge!
When we start, when we initiate, the paradigm shifts, the pattern starts changing. We have to hold hands and work together. We all can shift the attention from โlog kya kahengeโ to โlog kya hi keh lengeโ and then see how the world changes, how we conquer the art of living and being a generation that creates better adults.
As the name itself suggests, Mass Media refers to an array of methods which help to promote a variety of things/messages/ideas among the masses through different communication outlets. In today’s times, the various kinds of mass media include, Cinema, Radio, Television, Internet, Print, Recordings, Mobile phones, etc. People may opt for a particular medium of communication based on the availability of technology, type of message/product to endorse and ease of mass communication.
CINEMA
Movie making is certainly gaining a lot of popularity in this era. Cinema Media has a lot of potential to create an impact on the society at large. The film industry inclusive of Hollywood, Bollywood, Tollywood, so on and so forth manifests the reflection of society in the past and the present. Today, the youth does look up to movies for recreation. A good cinema can entertain, educate and inspire the viewer in several ways.
EXAMPLE – The movie JOKER, impacted it’s audience with inspirations like, leaning to forgive, succeeding despite having mental issues, never giving up on your dreams, etc.
RADIO
The credit of being able to enjoy broadcasting in the earlier times and today as well, goes to Guglielmo Marconi, the developer of the first radio transmitter and receiver. With scarce means of recreation in the olden times, Radio bound families, peers, neighbors together. The auditory mode of communication, Radio is also used to maintain contacts with the flights and ships that are out in the air and water. Radio is also an essential element used at war zones to transmit information through morse codes.
EXAMPLE – Africa considers radio as the most important too of communication. Radio is quite cost efficient, does not need any expensive data package, helps to reach out to a broader audience and is also easily portable.
TELEVISION
Television is an audio visual type of Mass medium. It is used by broadcasters to air sports, daily soap, movies, news, etc. The progress of the T.V is easily noticeable, as it started from the black and white version and has now developed to a very high extent in the form of OLED, LCD, LED, and HD. It is used by direction and production houses to entertain, inform and educate viewers. It can be considered as an ultimate Pandora’s Box.
EXAMPLE – Viewers ranging from the kids to the elderly at home, are often seen glued to the television for the purpose of entertainment.
INTERNET
Sharing information and communication has become a piece of cake since the invention of the Internet. This mass medium has bypassed almost all other media of communication. Internet is now considered as a boon to e-sellers, social media influencers, researchers and all the other end users as well. The Internet has become a global networking platform which anyone can access at any point of time.
EXAMPLE – People do resort to the Internet to pay their bills, listen to music, manage finances, to shop online or even to communicate with people all across the globe.
Mass Media plays a significant role in this era. Making appropriate usage of it will give us fruitful results. Mass media helps in transmitting values, heritage, cultures and information and acts as a watchdog on society.
Digital Marketing is any and all marketing efforts that rely on electronic devices, and in extension, the internet.
Itโs the group of activities that a company (or individual) performs online to attract new business opportunities, creating relationships and developing a brand identity. It is very diverse and versatile.The sheer amount of tools, data and channels available on the internet creates opportunities for marketers to deliver effective content to specific people, through personalization.
Modern day digital marketing is an enormous system of channels to which marketers simply must onboard their brands, advertising online is much more complex than the channels alone. In order to achieve the true potential of digital marketing, marketers have to dig deep into todayโs vast and intricate cross-channel world to discover strategies that make an impact through engagement marketing. .
โDigital is at the core of everything in marketing todayโit has gone from โone of the things marketing doesโ to โTHE thing that marketing does.โ โ Sanjay Dholakia, Former Chief Marketing Officer, Marketo
The online world allows brands to communicate with all of their clients and possible clients. You donโt even need to be in the same country to find and engage your public. And the technology turned simple phones, designed to make calls, in true computers with all the access the user needs to connect with other people. Apps, emails and websites are literally in the palm of their hands. Smartphones are incredibly popular, especially among Millennials and Generation Z.
With applications like Instagram, Facebook, and Snap-chat taking up hours in their days, companies have very much found a direct link to their lives. Facebook is a very famous social media site that has over 2 billion users and is a popular choice among companies to market their products. Ads play before videos on Facebook, and it also has sponsored posts that appear on everyoneโs news feed. Instagram is another incredibly famous and popular social media site that companies use to market to a wide age group. Although Instagram is mostly a photo and video sharing platform, companies are still able to make use and take advantage of it. The best part about websites like Instagram and Facebook is that they all have a very wide and massive age demographic.
Benefits of Digital Marketing
1. The most measurable form of marketing – Digital Marketing analytics takes away the guessing games related to traditional forms of marketing. Through these analytics, you can measure in real-time how many people are looking at your posts or ads, as well as how many users have opened your posts, along with all of the people that have replied, liked, or shared your post.
2. The most cost-effective marketing technique – While there was once a paywall between major companies and smaller ones in terms of advertising and exposure, that is no longer the case. Nowadays, smaller companies can get the attention of people that they otherwise could not. This is something that they can cover with the help of Digital Marketing, as they can reach an audience of their choice with minimal effort.
3. Allows you to choose any audience – Speaking of choosing your audience, another great benefit of Digital Marketing is that it can be as specific or broad as you want. You can find specific groups or forums on social media websites like Instagram or Reddit to market to a very niche audience.Moreover, getting a respected figure in the community you are tapping into can grow trust for your brand.
4. Everyone is already there – With billions of people using the internet and social media daily, the question is no longer will anyone see it, but rather when. No matter how big the network might be, there is a cap on just how many people a traditional marketing strategy can connect to. On the other hand, Digital Marketing strategies have no peak of exposure and can grow along with the company itself.
5. Customers start their buying journey from the internet – Customers depend on the internet for everything, including their buying options and choices. The term โGoogle itโ has become such a common part of our language, the first instinct of most people is to search for something on the internet.
6. The message can be customized – Another big advantage of Digital Marketing is that this strategy allows you to customize your message to the public. Advertising today is different from the old days. Back then, when you wanted to talk to you public, you needed a generic message, that could be used in mass medias such as billboards, TV broadcast, flyers etc. Now, you can target groups by their similarities, customizing the message and making it more real and directed to them. Email marketing, online advertising, niche marketing: all of these strategies can be customized to reach the audience that you want.
Components of Digital Marketing
Paid search, or pay-per-click (PPC) advertising, typically refers to the sponsored result on the top or side of a search engine results page (SERP). These ads charge you for every click and they can be tailored to appear when certain search terms are entered, so your ads are being targeted to audiences seeking something in particular. These ads can be extremely effective, as they rely on data gleaned from individualsโ online behavior and are used to boost website traffic by delivering relevant ads to the right people at the right time.
Search engine optimization (SEO) – SEO is the process of optimizing the content, technical setup, and reach of your website, so that your pages appear at the top of a search engine result for a specific set of keyword terms. By using keywords and phrases, you can use SEO to massively increase visibility and begin a lasting customer relationship. SEO is defined as increasing a websiteโs rank in online search results, and thus its organic site traffic, by using popular keywords and phrases. Strong SEO strategies are hugely influential in digital marketing campaigns since visibility is the first step to a lasting customer relationship.
Content marketing – When you offer content that is relevant to your audience, it can secure you as a thought leader and a trustworthy source of information, making it less likely that your other marketing efforts will be lost in the static. In the age of the self-directed buyer, content marketing gets three times more leads than paid search advertising, so itโs well worth the additional effort.
Social media marketing – The key to effective social media marketing goes far beyond simply having active social media accounts. The more your audience is inspired to engage with your content, the more likely they are to share it, potentially inspiring their peers to become customers as well.
Email marketing – After more than two decades, email is still the quickest and most direct way to reach customers with critical information.To succeed, your marketing emails should satisfy five core attributes. They must be trustworthy, relevant, conversational, coordinated across channels, and strategic.
Mobile marketing – Mobile devices are kept in our pockets, sit next to our beds, and are checked constantly throughout the day. SMS, MMS, and in-app marketing are all options to reach your customers on their devices.
Marketing automation – Marketing automation is an integralโฏplatform that ties all of your digital marketing together. Without it, your campaigns will look like an unfinished puzzle with a crucial missing piece Marketing automation can help you gain valuable insight into which programs are working and which arenโt, and it will provide metrics to allow you to speak to digital marketingโs efforts on your companyโs bottom line.
A key digital marketing objective is engaging customers and allowing them to interact with the brand through servicing and delivery of digital media. This is achieved by designing digital media in such a way that it requires some type of end user action to view or receive the motive behind that mediaโs creation.
Digital marketing campaign
A digital marketing campaign involves the execution of a marketing strategy across all the digital channels where consumers engage with a brand, usually for the purpose of improving a company’s conversion rate. To start a campaign, marketers need to understand who their customer is and where to reach them and anticipate what action the customer will take next.
Customers approach brands though an omnichannel lens. So to effectively reach a customer, marketers should connect digital marketing campaigns across all channels.Digital marketing campaigns can be less expensive than other marketing campaigns and can engage with customer behavior in real time. Companies can use a digital campaign for a variety of uses, from raising brand awareness to telling loyal customers about a new product.
How will digital marketing campaigns change in the future?
There’s great promise with artificial intelligence and machine learning, which take out some of the guesswork and can streamline operations. Something, like figuring out the best offer to send to a consumer, that once took weeks to do might take minutes or even seconds. But as technology improves, there should always be an element of human interaction to make course corrections, to make informed decisions and to avoid losing sight of that human element in experiences. Other opportunities could arise where companies get better at using the context of an engagement. That could look like delivering the right offer at the right time because a brand knows exactly where somebody is and they know exactly the time and day of the week in which they’re engaging because they’re on their mobile device. This concept of location-based marketing has existed for a while, but itโs starting to mature and become more incorporated in larger omnichannel strategies.
Today, when the sun comes up the main hotly debated issue that individuals could pick from the news segments that could give some reprieve to the detestable, tattle cherishing individual inside them is the update about people living in the b-town. Directly from the primary cup of tea of the day, individuals need their portion of reports, some evident other bogus with regards to the big names working in the film business of India explicitly and others as a rule, to the last feast of the day, every one of these tattle sharing creatures care about is the most recent embarrassment that happened even a second prior. Indians have been so energetic about the littlest of the insights regarding each huge or little occasion occurring in the existences of the entertainers extraordinarily working in the Hindi entertainment world that they now and then even complain when an entertainer isn’t that public with regards to their own lives. They become so reveled the existences of the bollywood stars that they barely have any track of their own lives.
With the new paparazzi culture growing quick in India, the interest of next move of these stars have ascended to another level. With paparazzi catching them in the neighborhood city similarly as they move, it has become simpler for individuals to follow them and go all function over them. Each spending day the frenzy for the information about the film entertainers increment. Each new undertaking of their cherished VIP works like a caffeinated drink for their tattle adoring personalities. A smallest of fire of undertaking of two big names is sufficient to consume the place of reality to remains and accept the talk. The data regarding whose dating whom, whose getting hitched to whom, who is having children with whom, who is getting most endorsement on their tryouts, whose been dismissed frequently, who is into medications and who follows which god or religion, fills in as the cold pieces on their newly requested pizza just to consume their tongues later.
This poisonous conduct of following everything about their dearest superstar life which in the end transforms into fixation is unsafe for both the VIP and individuals fixated on them. These supporters become so involved into the existences of these enormous town stars that they are influenced to the outrageous levels when they gain proficiency with the truth around one or other of these entertainers which is certainly not the same as what they had anticipated that it should be. They in a real sense love these entertainers to the degree that they even become prepared to surrender their lives only so to have a selfie with them. With the passings of some well known and truly respected stars this year the passings of their fans in their recognition has lead to the stunning and startling harmfulness that this after to the alcove culture has created. Individuals need to retreat from this over inclusion, interest, energy for the big name they follow to give them and themselves the space for breathing into the solid culture of adoring and respecting somebody however not getting so fascinated that they transform into some neurotic supporter who knows no limits.
We all know that we need oxygen to live. But research has now established an astounding fact. The very thing which promotes life is killing us. Shocked? Relax.. research has now proved that oxidation in the body cells ( the process by which we are continuously burning our calories to get energy) releases dangerous, very active molecules known as free radicals. These damaging fellows attack other (neighborhood) cells, the cells walls, and the genetic material (DNA) within the cells and over a long time period, such damage can become irreversible (like mutation) and cause disease (e.g. cancer). Even if it doesn’t lead to cancer, the old age symptoms (lack of energy, poor memory, loss of hearing, falling hair) are definitely associated with damaged or weak cells. In addition, free radicals contribute to alcohal-induced liver damage, perhaps more than alcohal itself. Radicals in cigarette smoke have been implicated in inactivation of alpha 1 trypsin in the lung, which promotes the development of emphysema and it is now proved that these free radicals are the main culprit. While nature has created this problem, it has provided the solution as well.
What happens in oxidation (burning)?
Burning is quite aptly associated with loss. Things loose their colour, taste or odour when they are burnt. How does an apple retain its fresh red colour even when there’s so much oxygen and sunlight in the nature? It’s the antioxidant. But if it is cut open, it turns brown after a while. That’s oxidation. the presence of every easily oxidisable compounds, called Antioxidants,in the system can “mop up” free radicals before they damage other essential molecules. Therefore, Antioxidants play a key role in these defense mechanisms. An Antioxidants is a chemical that prevents the oxidation of other chemicals. Consuming more antioxidants helps provide the body with tools to neutralise harmful free radicals. It’s estimated that there are more than 4,000 compounds in foods that acts as antioxidants. The most studied include Vitamin C & E, beta-carotene and the mineral selenium. Besides antioxidants, there are several enzyme systems within the body that scavenge free radicals, the principal micronutrient (vitamin) antioxidants are Vitamin E, beta carotene, & Vitamin C. Additionally, selenium, a trace metal that is required for proper function of one of the body’s antioxidant enzyme systems, is sometimes included in this category. The body cannot manufacture these micronutrient so they must be supplied in the diet.
The following vitamins have shown positive antioxidants effects:
Vitamin A or Retinol,or beta-carotene. It has been discovered that beta-carotene protects dark green, yellow and orange vegetables and fruits from solar radiation damage and it is thought that it plays a similar role in human body. Carrots, Squash, Sweet Potatoes, Tomatoes,Peaches and apricots are particularly rich sources of beta-carotene. (NOTE: Vitamin A has no antioxidant properties and can be quite toxic when taken in excess).
Vitamin C: also called Ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin found in all body fluids, so it may be one of our first lines of defense. This powerful antioxidant cannot be stored by the body, so it’s important to get some regularly-not a difficult task if fruits and vegetable are regularly consumed. Important sources include Citrus Fruits (like Oranges, sweet lime,etc.), green peppers, green leafy vegetables, strawberries, raw cabbage, tomatoes and potatoes.
Vitamin E: A fat soluble vitamin that can be stored with fat in the liver and other tissues, vitamin E is promoted for a range of purposes- from delaying aging to healing sunburn. While it’s not a miracle worker, it’s another powerful antioxidant. Important sources include wheat germ, nuts, seeds, whole grains, green leafy vegetable, vegetable oil and fish-liver oil.
Beta-Carotene: the most studied of more than 600 different carotenoids that have been discovered, beta-carotene protects dark green, yellow and orange vegetables and fruits from solar radiation damage. It is thought that it plays a similar role in the body. Carrots, Squash, Sweet potatoes, peaches and apricots are particularly rich sources of beta-carotene.
Beta Carotene rich foods
Selenium: This mineral is thought to help fight cell damage by oxygen-derived compounds and thus may help protect against cancer. It is best to get selenium through foods foods, as large doses of the supplement from can be toxic. Good food sources include fish, shellfish,red meat, grains, eggs chicken and garlic. Vegetables can also be a good source if grown in selenium rich soils.
Natural Sources of Antioxidants
The colorful stuff: carrots, apples, oranges, tomatoes (cooked), beetroot, brinjal, dark green vegetables, olives, strawberries, honey (the darker the better) and so on. The tasty stuff: garlic, ginger, onion, nutmeg. The smelly stuff: tea,green tea, spinach, tulsi and other herbs etc. Research says multi vitamin pills may slow the advance of HIV, as it appears to cut the levels of the virus and boost the number of immune cells.
Even though a tomato is rich in antioxidants, most of them can’t be absorbed by humans because they are too complex. Slow cooking brakes them down into simpler compounds that are easily observed. This antioxidant value of a tomato is said to be increase 5 times when it is cooked.
Preventing Cancer and Heart disease – Do Antioxidants help?
Epidemiologic observations shows lower cancer rates in people whose diets are rich in fruits & vegetables. This has led to the theory that these diets contain substances, possibly antioxidants, which protect against the development of cancer. There is currently intense scientific investigation into this topic. thus far, none of the large, well designed studies have shown dietary supplementation with extra antioxidants reduces the risk of development of cancer. in fact one study demonstrated an increased risk of lung cancer in male smokers who took antioxidants vs,. male smokers who did not supplement. Whether this effect was from the antioxidants is unknown but it does raise the issue that antioxidants may be harmful under certain conditions.
Recommendations
Follow a balanced training program that emphasize regular exercise and eat 5 servings of fruits & Vegetables per day. This will ensure that you are developing your inherent antioxidant systems and that your diet is providing the necessary components.
Today, as soon as the sun comes up the only hot topic that people could pick from the news sections that could give some respite to the evil, gossip loving person inside them is the update about humans living in the b-town. Right from the first cup of tea of the day, people want their dose of rumors, some true other false about the celebrities working in the movie industry of India specifically and others in general, to the last meal of the day, all these gossip sharing beings care about is the latest scandal that happened even a second ago. Indians have been so passionate about the tiniest of the details about every big or small event taking place in the lives of the actors specially working in the Hindi film industry that they sometimes even take offence when an actor is not that public about their personal lives. They become so indulged the lives of the bollywood stars that they hardly have any track of their own lives.
With the new paparazzi culture developing ever so fast in India, the curiosity of next move of these stars have risen to another level. With paparazzi capturing them in the local city just as they move, it has become easier for people to track them and go all gala over them. Each passing day the craze for the knowledge about the movie actors increase. Every new project of their favorite celebrity works like an energy drink for their gossip loving minds. A slightest of fire of affair of two celebrities is enough to burn the house of reality to ashes and believe the rumor. The information about whose dating whom, whose getting married to whom, who is having kids with whom, who is getting most approval on their auditions, whose been rejected most often, who is into drugs and who follows which god or religion, serves as the chilly-flakes on their freshly ordered pizza only to burn their tongues later.
This toxic behavior of following every detail in their beloved celebrity life which eventually turns into obsession is harmful for both the celebrity and the people obsessed with them. These followers become so involved into the lives of these big town stars that they are affected to the extreme levels when they learn the reality about one or other of these actors which is definitely different from what they had expected it to be. They literally worship these actors to the extent that they even become ready to give up their lives just so to have a selfie with them. With the deaths of some famous and really admired stars this year the deaths of their fans in their remembrance has lead to the shocking and unexpected toxicity that this following to the nook culture has developed. People need to back out from this over involvement, fascination, passion for the celebrity they follow so as to give them and themselves the space for breathing into the healthy culture of loving and admiring someone but not getting so engrossed that they turn into some maniac follower who knows no boundaries.
Life is a book loaded with promising circumstances and another part can start anytime throughout everyday life. One is never too youthful to even think about getting everything rolling with new things, likewise one is never too old to even consider beginning again. Dreams have no age limit. With strive after progress and the assurance to accomplish it, one can start with new pursuits anytime throughout everyday life. With a similar idea and determination, there are numerous fruitful individuals who started their new excursion in a later point throughout everyday life. These two notorious brand proprietors likewise began their excursion of progress when they were moderately aged.
COLONEL SANDERS
Harland David Sanders of Indiana, took up a few positions at an early age because of his dad’s demise, when he was six. He did various positions, including, being a piece of the military, functioning as a trolley conductor, a rail street fire fighter and a protection sales rep. He bombed various occasions and was terminated on a large number of the positions that he had taken up. He lost expectations on his vocation and resigned at age 65. He then, at that point, begun selling seared chicken cooked in his own formula, house to house. He opened up a bistro, named Sander’s Bistro and advertised his dishes well. In 1952, Sanders diversified his mysterious formula to Pete Harman, who worked one of the city’s biggest eateries. After acquiring accomplishment with this endeavor, Sanders visited numerous different eateries to establishment his singed chicken formula. Before long, Kentucky’s Singed Chicken (KFC) acquired tremendous achievement. Sanders was overpowered with his chain of food outlets, spread around 600 better places. At 73 years old, Sanders sold his evolved way of life brand for 2 million dollars. Today, KFC is one of the biggest fast help natural pecking orders on the planet, esteemed over 5.1 billion USD.
Beam KROC
Raymond Albert Kroc was brought into the world in a group of Czech beginning. Since a youthful age, he started giving his hands a shot undertakings, for example, opening a lemonade stand and working at a soft drink wellspring place. He functioned as a sales rep for Lily Tulip and his work culture got him associated with Lord Ruler, the creator of a multi blend milkshake machine. Beam left Lily Tulip and began selling those multi blend machines and paper cups the nation over. Kroc ran over a cafรฉ which was obviously claimed by Dick and Macintosh McDonald. They sold burgers, french fries and shakes. Kroc had just visited this spot to supply his multi combination shakes machine, however was exceptionally dazzled with the working of their cafรฉ. He before long took up their establishment as a specialist however needed more speculation pay to purchase the whole partnership. Beam set up the McDonald Partnership in 1955. With the assistance of MC Partnership’s first President, he had the option to make an out and out acquisition of the brand from McDonald Siblings at age 52. Under his possession, he kept up with severe proprietorship in regards to his staff, bundling, size of bits, cooking techniques and lay an accentuation on developments. This added to the glory of the brand. Indeed, even in the current occasions, McDonald’s Organization is the world’s driving worldwide food administration retailer with a total assets of $180.91 B in 2021.
It is evident that, disappointments are the venturing stone to progress. One might fall multiple times yet getting up the eighth time is a genuine accomplishment, which one should accomplish. Likewise, there is no age bar in the first place your enthusiasm. One should cheerfully finish the excursion of life by following his/her fantasies.
Oppression ladies is uncontrolled all around the world even in this 21st century. Despite the fact that around half of the total populace comprises of ladies, yet tragically the vast majority of them are denied fundamental privileges schooling, the right to speak freely of discourse, casting a ballot power and surprisingly autonomous personality.
In India, in principle, ladies partake in a status of uniformity with the men according to established and legitimate arrangements. Apparently, our nation has taken gigantic steps towards incorporation of ladies with the more attractive sex dominating in assorted fields, from writing to astronomy to back. Yet, with title texts about share killing, female foeticides and abusive behavior at home actually making the papers, put a quiet question mark behind the two words.
Which means of Ladies Strengthening
In case it is to be clarified past the two clear as crystal words, ‘Ladies Strengthening’ alludes to finish liberation of ladies from financial shackles of dependancy and hardships. Regularly made interchangeable to sex balance, the term ladies strengthening incorporates a lot bigger arrangement of rules that needs sincere consideration.
Strengthening of ladies would mean empowering ladies to act naturally dependent, monetarily free, have positive confidence, create certainty to confront any tough spot and actuate dynamic investment in different socio-political improvement tries. The developing inner voice is to acknowledge ladies as people fit for settling on normal and instructed choices about them just as the general public, expanding and working on the monetary, political and lawful strength of the ladies, to guarantee equivalent right as men, accomplish universally concurred objectives for advancement and manageability, and work on the personal satisfaction for their families and networks.
The different features of ladies strengthening that should be tended to for a balanced advancement are recorded as:
Common freedoms and Individual Privileges:
A lady has the privilege to offer her viewpoints and suppositions unreservedly, with practically no limitation. Individual strengthening might be accomplished by conferring self-assurance to explain and declare the force of free dynamic. Ladies ought to know about their freedoms and social places that they are qualified for unavoidably.
Social Strengthening of Ladies:
The most basic part of social strengthening of ladies is the advancement of sexual orientation value. Sexual orientation fairness infers that in the public arena ladies and men partake in similar freedoms, results, privileges and commitments in all circles of life.
Instructive Strengthening of Ladies:
It implies empowering ladies to snatch the information, abilities and self-assurance important to take an interest completely in the advancement interaction. Giving inclination to the young lady youngster for instructive freedoms is a beginning.
Financial Strengthening of Ladies:
It implies lessening the monetary reliance of ladies on their mate partners by making them a huge piece of the HR. A superior nature of material life, inside the family just as for the general society, can be accomplished through advancement of supportable livelihoods like house ventures, little pioneering endeavors possessed and oversaw by ladies.
Strengthening Through Lawful Information:
In addition to the fact that it suggests the arrangement of a viable legitimate construction which is steady of ladies strengthening, there likewise is the need to spread mindfulness among ladies about their lawful privileges and laws forestalling their double-dealing. It implies tending to the holes between what the law endorsed and what really happens.
Political Strengthening of Ladies:
The presence of a political framework empowering the investment of ladies in the political dynamic cycle and in administration. Indian constitution has given the ramparts to sex correspondence in the country in the accompanying articles:
Article 14: Fairness under the steady gaze of law “The State will not deny to any individual balance under the steady gaze of the law or the equivalent insurance of the laws inside the domain of India Disallowance of segregation on gatherings of religion, race, standing, sex or spot of birth”.
Article 16 (2): Equivalent freedoms “No resident will, on grounds just of religion, race, standing, sex, plunge, spot of birth, home or any of them, be ineligible for, or oppressed in regard or, any work or office under the state”.
Article 23: Denial of traffic in individuals and constrained work.
Article 39(a): The resident, men and ladies similarly reserve the privilege to a satisfactory method for vocation.
Article 40 (after the 73rd Amendment): 1/third of seats in panchayats will be saved for ladies.
Article 42: State will make arrangements for just and compassionate working conditions and maternity alleviation.
Article 51 A (e): One of the obligations of each resident is to disavow rehearses deprecatory to the respect of lady.
Government Laws and its resulting corrections have seen bigger consideration of ladies as for their remaining in the general public and furthermore there many demonstrations which are forestalling polygamy and plural marriage, and their severe authorizations has generally contributed towards decreasing ladies abuse. Different government plans like Rastriya Mahila Kosh and STEP (Backing to preparing cum Work for ladies) have figured out how to bring monetary improvement of country ladies through self-supportable business. Too “Kanyashree” conspire which is in West Bengal, has been positioned first around the world for ladies strengthening. The Public Arrangement of Strengthening of Ladies (2001) is pointed toward tending to all types of savagery against ladies including physical, mental and that emerging from customs and customs.
Why Lady Strengthening is Significant?
A solid man centric culture with profound socio-social qualities keeps on influencing the advancement of ladies’ strengthening in the country. The need of great importance is a libertarian culture. Where there ought to be a bad situation for sex prevalence. Point of government arrangements ought to be to recognize and wipe out powers that are coordinated towards keeping the practice of male strength over its female partner alive.
Ladies strengthening in its really is inseparable from complete advancement of the general public. An informed lady, with information about wellbeing, cleanliness, neatness is fit for establishing a superior sickness free climate for her family. An independently employed lady is fit for contributing not exclusively to her family’s accounts, yet in addition contributes towards augmentation of the country’s general Gross domestic product. What’s more, numerous things which can be accomplished.
All we need is a coordinated methodology from the Public authority and law implementation organizations of the country focussed the correct way that would rest just with the freedom of ladies from all types of fiendishness.
It is the account of a youthful visionary that tells the adventure of cognizance, battle and accomplishment in each eye; one who has the ability to tear the ground with his arms; one who discusses making an opening in the sky; one who is restless to accomplish his objectives; one who doesn’t acknowledge anything free of charge; and assuming he needs opportunity, he is prepared to spill his blood.
Subhash Chandra Bose, prominently known as “Netaji”, an extraordinary aggressor, political dissident and loyalist was brought into the world at Cuttack, Orissa on January 23, 1897 to Janakinath Bose and Prabhavati Devi. Janakinath was a notable attorney. Prabhavati Devi was a strict and God-dreading woman.He was firmly affected by Master Vivekananda’s lessons and was referred to for his energetic energy as an understudy. Subhash Chandra was a splendid understudy from the earliest starting point and was first in the legitimacy rundown of fruitful.
Allahabad is a venue for Urdu-Hindi literary feat.
A feast for the lovers of art and literature, Allahabad is a venue for Urdu-Hindi literary feat. Allahabad is a cradle of the Hindi and Urdu literary world which attracts writers, poets and scholars from all over the world.
Allahabad has been a political hub since the very beginning and has also contributed to the making of at least six prime ministers, namely Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira and Rajiv Gandhi, Lal Bahadur Shastri, VP Singh and Chandrashekhar and it is very well known that politics leads to creation and invention of different forms art, poetry, stories.
Art and writing, poems and stories, basically any form of art is revolutionary and hence, there was also a literary movement taking place during the time when politics was at its peak in Allahabad. One of the contributing factors was the Allahabad University, which was for a long while referred to by the proud alumni as the โOxford of the Eastโ.
The city is also associated with some of the literary giants of the Hindi-Urdu world in the last century. Some of the legends are mentioned below:
1.Sumitranandan Pant: Sumitranandan Pant was an Indian poet. He was one of the most celebrated 20th century poets of the Hindi language and was known for romanticism in his poems which were inspired by nature, people and beauty within.
He is considered one of the major poets of the Chhayavaadi school of Hindi literature. Pant mostly wrote in Sanskritized Hindi. Pant authored twenty-eight published works including poetry, verse plays and essays. Apart from Chhayavaadi poems, Pant also wrote progressive, socialist, humanist poems and philosophical (influenced by Sri Aurobindo) poems. Pant eventually moved beyond this style. As the late scholar and translator of Pant, David Rubin, writes, “In the early forties the new psychological and experimental “schools” were emerging. It was typical of both Nirala and Pant that they themselves anticipated these trends and, by the time the new approaches were in vogue, they had already moved on to newer areas of experimentation.”
2.Mahadevi Varma: Mahadevi Varma was an Indian Hindi-language poet and a novelist. She is considered one of the four major pillars of the Chhayawadi era in Hindi literature. She has been also addressed as the Modern Meera. Poet Nirala had once called her “Saraswati in the vast temple of Hindi Literature”. Varma had witnessed India both before and after independence. She was one of those poets who worked for the wider society of India. Not only her poetry but also her social upliftment work and welfare development among women were also depicted deeply in her writings. These largely influenced not only the readers but also the critics especially through her novel Deepshikha. Varma was a feminist par-excellence even before the term became trendy in public discourse. She was turned down by her husband only a few years after marriage. Her looks were not the kind that the fashion industry portrays as desirable, but the physicality of being has little to do with the beauty of her soul and intellect.
3.Firaq Gorakhpuri: Raghupati Sahay, better known under his pen name Firaq Gorakhpuri, was a writer, critic, and, according to one commentator, one of the most noted contemporary Urdu poets from India. He established himself among peers including Muhammad Iqbal, Yagana Changezi, Jigar Moradabadi and Josh Malihabadi. Some of his works are as followed,
Gul-e-Naghma
Gul-e-Ra’naa
Mash’aal
Rooh-e-Kaayenaat
Roop
4. Harivansh Rai Bachchan: Harivansh Rai Bachchan was an Indian poet and writer of the Nayi Kavita literary movement (romantic upsurge) of early 20th century Hindi literature. He was also a poet of the Hindi Kavi Sammelan. He is best known for his early work Madhushala. He is also the husband of social activist, Teji Bachchan, father of Amitabh Bachchan and Ajitabh Bachchan, and grandfather of Abhishek Bachchan. In 1976, he received the Padma Bhushan for his service to Hindi literature.
As the river Saraswati flows in the city and is regarded as the goddess of education according to the Hindu scriptures, hence, Allahabad is gifted with literature. The city is buffet of art and literature and is a feast for explorers.
Hanumangarh is a city in the Indian territory of Rajasthan, arranged on the banks of the stream Ghaggar additionally recognized as Antiquated Sarasvati waterway, situated around 400 km from Delhi. It is the managerial seat of Hanumangarh Area. The city was once called Bhatner (then again spelled Bhatnair) on the grounds that it was established by lord Bhupat in 255 Advertisement. It stayed in the control of the Rajputs of Bhati group and confronted a notable attack by Timur in Late 14th century, during which the Bhatti Rajput lord Rao Dulachand lost the fortification for a short time. The stronghold was subsequently involved by Rao Jetsa of Bikaner.
As per 2011 Indian Statistics, Hanumangarh had an all out populace of 150,958, of which 79,709 were guys and 71,249 were females. Populace inside the age gathering of 0 to 6 years was 18,094. The absolute number of literates in Hanumangarh was 102,149, which comprised 67.7% of the populace with male education of 73.6% and female proficiency of 61.1%. The compelling proficiency pace of 7+ populace of Hanumangarh was 76.9%, of which male education rate was 83.8% and female proficiency rate was 69.28%. The Booked Positions and Planned Clans populace was 25,486 and 2,463 separately. Hanumangarh had 30022 families in 2011.
Starting at 2001 India enumeration, Hanumangarh had a populace of 129,654. Guys comprise 69,583 of the populace and females 60,071. The sex proportion was 863 females to 1000 guys. Populace in the age scope of 0โ6 years was 18,669. 83,923 individuals were literates in Hanumangarh which is 64.7% of the complete populace. The compelling education of individuals 7 years and over old enough was 75.6%.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. However, some will become seriously ill and require medical attention. Older people and those with underlying medical conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, or cancer are more likely to develop serious illnesses. Anyone can get sick with COVID-19 and become seriously ill or die at any age.
Myths about Covid19
Can Covid-19 be transmitted through goods produced in countries where there is ongoing transmission?
Although it can last on surfaces for many hours, the environment, transportation, and varying temperatures during shipment make it difficult for the virus to remain active. If you feel the surface may be contaminated, clean it with a disinfectant and wash your hands after touching it.
Can Covid-19 be transmitted through mosquitoes?
There is no evidence that the novel coronavirus can be transmitted through mosquitoes. The virus can be spread through droplets from coughing, sneezing or a patientโs saliva.
How can we be sure that our clothes donโt spread coronavirus 2019?
Besides showering every day, you should wash your clothes using detergent or soap in 60-90 เนC water or add bleach. Dry the clothes in a high-temperature dryer or the sun.
Can drinking alcohol help prevent Covid-19?
Drinking alcohol, such as beer, liquor, wine doesnโt help prevent coronavirus. You should wash your hands often, wear masks, and avoid being close to those with a fever and cough.
Is it true that Covid-19 is transmitted in a cold climate and not in a hot and humid climate?
Coronavirus 2019 can be transmitted in any kind of climate. Wherever you are, no matter what kind of climate, you have to practice personal hygiene, i.e. wash your hands often, cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough, and wear masks.
Can digital thermometers be 100% effective in detecting Covid-19 patients?
It may take the virus 1-14 days to incubate and cause symptoms like fever, so it cannot be used to identify asymptomatic patients.
Can UV bulbs use for disinfecting be used to kill Covid-19 on our body?
Donโt use UV bulbs on your hands or any part of the body because UV light can irritate your skin.
Can spraying alcohol or chlorine on your body kill the virus inside?
Besides not being able to kill the virus inside your body, it could damage clothes and other tissues like eyes and lips.
Can eating garlic prevent covid-19?
Though garlic has some anti-microbial properties, there is no evidence that it can prevent Covid-19.
Can Pneumonia vaccine prevent Covid-19?
This virus is new and different from other strains. We need a vaccine that is developed specifically. The research team is working on this through the support of the WHO.
Can rinsing your nose regularly with saline solution prevent Covid-19?
Evidence has indicated that rinsing your nose with saline solution can help us recover faster from the common cold, but cannot prevent infectious respiratory diseases or Covid-19.
Is there any drug that can prevent and treat Covid-19?
At present, no drug can prevent and treat the disease. Patients should receive proper and supportive care to alleviate the symptoms. WHO is accelerating research with all the partners to actively study the treatment for the disease.
Telemedicine is an emerging field of convergence of medicine, technology and communication. It promises the best of medicinal facilities to people in rural or far flung areas. Telemedicine provides local medical staff the guidance of an expert physician far from the site of emergency. Such timely diagnosis and treatment increases the chances of patient survival. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are expanding the availability and affordability of healthcare services. These technologies integrate electronic electronic medical information, clinical assessment tools and laboratory data to bring state of the art medical expertise to undeserved areas. Seamless sharing of information between healthcare providers has enabled the concept of hospitals without walls.
Patient data,both clinical and non-clinical, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Clinical information includes history of illness, associated signs and symptoms, clinical observations and interventions, diagnosis and treatment, etc non-clinical information includes information about the patientsโs environment , demographic informationโฆ
Yogasana has its roots in ancient India. The Rig Veda, a sacred book for the Indian Hindu community, mentioned the word Yoga, for the very first time, around 5,000 years ago. The word was coined from the Sanskrit word ‘Yuj’, which means to join or to unite. Yoga is among the six schools of philosophy of Hinduism and is also a major part of Buddhism. The practice of Yoga is considered as a subtle harmony between the mind and the body. This science was developed by the ancient sages to overcome all kinds of sufferings and attain Moksha (liberation). The Hindu God Shiva, is called as the ‘Adiyogi’ for being the first preacher of Yoga. He was the supreme one to spread the knowledge of the bodily art form among the saints, who later took it across various places and people. Later on, the Brahmanic scholars, documented these practices in the Upanishads (Indian Sacred Literature). The westerners believed Yoga to be postured based physical activity which helps relieve stress. Yoga is also classified by different religions, into different forms such as Classical Yoga, Advaita Vedanta, Buddhist Yoga, Jain Yoga, Tantric Yoga, Hatha Yoga, Laya Yoga, etc.
Practice Of Yogasanas is extremely beneficial in several ways :
Yoga does help in attaining a sufficient level of flexibility. In the beginning, one may feel a pull in their hamstrings or tendons. But gradually, over hours of dedicated practice, one can attain flexibility, which is essential for a good posture.
Yoga helps in maintaining a stable heart rate. Practice of yoga daily, improves cardiovascular functioning. People who are engaged into Pranayama (breathing exercise) on a regular basis are able to perform several activities even with a lesser amount of oxygen supply.
Yoga helps one to calm the mind and relax the senses. Thus, a calmness in mind, in turn helps in better concentration. This assists in improvement of the I.Q levels and helps maintain a steady focus.
Yoga along with breathing techniques such as Ocean Breathing can help cure Insomnia. It can help a person to fall asleep quicker than usual, sleep for a longer duration and feel relaxed after waking up.
Yoga is also beneficial for boosting one’s self esteem and confidence. It trains a person to be more patient, maintain perseverance and gives the strength to work tiredlessly towards one’s goal.
Yoga tends to make people happier. According to various reports, even a single class can begin to change your brain chemistry. The increased blood flow in the body, helps keep Cortisol (a stress hormone) at bay. Thus, all of this adds up to making a person happy.
Yoga can be termed as a medicine that can cure nearly every human problem. Lifelong commitment to Yoga can improve mental and physical well being. The Bhagvad Gita states, “Yoga is the journey of the self, through the self, to the self.” Imparting knowledge about Yoga, shall begin from the foundation years of children, to inculcate lifelong values of discipline and endurance in them.
Telemedicine is an emerging field of convergence of medicine, technology and communication. It promises the best of medicinal facilities to people in rural or far flung areas. Telemedicine provides local medical staff the guidance of an expert physician far from the site of emergency. Such timely diagnosis and treatment increases the chances of patient survival. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are expanding the availability and affordability of healthcare services. These technologies integrate electronic electronic medical information, clinical assessment tools and laboratory data to bring state of the art medical expertise to undeserved areas. Seamless sharing of information between healthcare providers has enabled the concept of hospitals without walls.
Patient data,both clinical and non-clinical, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Clinical information includes history of illness, associated signs and symptoms, clinical observations and interventions, diagnosis and treatment, etc non-clinical information includes information about the patients’s environment , demographic information, lifestyle and occupation and any other relevant information for providing daycare. In most of the situations, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment can save patients’s life. For hard-pressed local medical staff with a serious or unusual medical condition, the ability to consult specialists elsewhere can mean the difference between life and death of the patient. With advances in telecommunication in formation processing capability and miniaturization of health diagnostic equipment, it has become possible to deliver immediate and effective healthcare to the masses.
Teleconsultation
Voice, video and data are electronically communicated for consultation between geographically separated clinicians. This involves:
a) Telemonitoring: Use of Audio-visuals, electronic signal/information processing and telecommunication technologies to monitor the patient’s such details as measurements taken from devices such as blood pressure cuff, blood oxygen, thermometer, stethoscope, weigh scale, blood glucose, meter, etc.
b) Telediagnosis: Detection of a disease by observation and evaluation of the patient data acquired and transmitted from the equipment/devices monitoring the remote patient.
c) Telementoring: Using telemonitoring an expert consultant guides a distant clinician in a new medical procedure.
Data acquisition and transfer
Data can be transferred in two ways: store-and-forward and real-time interactive video. The choice depends on the clinical setting, purpose of the consultation, infrastructure and economic considerations. Emerging rends in remote monitoring and diagnosis Electronic patient record. An Electronic patient record (EPR) are the electronically stored health information about any individual uniquely identified by an identifier which entails capturing, storing, retrieving, transmitting and manipulating patient specific healthcare data (including clinical, administrative and biographical data).
Home Telecare: The home telecare solution allows visual assessment of the patient, tracking of vital signs and review of the medications remotely,eliminating the need for the physician to be the physically present or the patients who may otherwise be unable to receive them due to geographic distance barriers. thus it holds a great promise in managing the health needs of individuals living in rural and remote areas. The home telecare system comprises a home care unit serving as the video interface, a camera and a gateway.
Emergency care: These devices have the ability to telematically “bring in” an expert emergency, allowing him to review the vital signs and issue directions on patient managements and treatment procedures to the emergency personnel until the patient is administered first aid and the hospital. This results in effective patient management, as the patient and initiate the treatment immediately. Medical Images and waveform can even be downloaded, stored, displayed and exchanged on personnel digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones, so these can be accessed at any time, anywhere to aid remote diagnosis and referrals.
Smart cards: Smart cards act as a portable, comprehensive and accurate source of up-to-date patient information. These can provide basic medical information about the patients, such as lists of drug sensitivities, current conditions being treated, name and phone number of the patients’s doctor and other information vital in an emergency. These can also carry vital medical history and details about insurance coverage. Remote diagnostics and related decision-making process can be integrated efficiently as the patients could carry the repository of information wherever he/she goes to receive treatment.
Telesurgery: Telesurgery is the provision of surgical care over a distance, with direct, real-time visualization of the operative field. it may be categorized into telepresence surgery and telerobotics. telepresence surgery uses a computerized interface to transmit a surgeon’s actions at the surgical workstations to the operative site at the remote surgical unit, with haptic feedback about the tactic environment of the operative fields to the surgeon. Telerobotics is remote control with a robotic arm, usually in conjunction with a laparoscope, without haptic feedback. In the future, though telemedicine will take some time to be available to ordinary people, it will have the greatest impact in the area of home healthcare, since the efficiencies realized are unimaginable.
In its first physical meeting in two years, the GST Council on Friday effected several long-pending tweaks in tax rates including an increase in the GST levied on footwear costing less than โน1,000 as well as readymade garments and fabrics to 12% from 5%.
The new rates on these products, a decision on which had been deferred by the Council over the past year owing to the pandemicโs impact on households, will come into effect from January 1, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said.
The Council approved a special composition scheme for brick kilns with a turnover threshold of โน20 lakh, from April 1, 2022. Bricks would attract GST at the rate of 6% without input tax credits under the scheme, or 12% with input credits.
While this will please States like Uttar Pradesh that had sought a special scheme for brick kilns, a decision on extending such a scheme for other evasion-prone sectors like pan masala, gutkha and sand mining was put off.
The Council also decided to extend the concessional tax rates granted for COVID-19 medicines like Amphotericin B and Remdesivir till December 31, but similar sops offered by the Council at its last meeting in June for equipment like oxygen concentrators will expire on September 30.
The GST rate on seven more drugs useful for COVID-19 patients has been slashed till December 31 to 5% from 12%, including Itolizumab, Posaconazole and Favipiravir. The GST rate on Keytruda medicine for treatment of cancer has been reduced from 12% to 5%.
Life-saving drugs Zolgensma and Viltepso used in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy, particularly for children, has been exempted from GST when imported for personal use. These medicines cost about โน16 crore, Ms. Sitharaman said.
Food delivery tax shift The Council also decided to make food delivery apps like Swiggy and Zomato liable to collect and remit the taxes on food orders, as opposed to the current system where restaurants providing the food remit the tax.
Revenue Secretary Tarun Bajaj stressed this did not constitute a new or extra tax, just the tax that was payable by restaurants would now be paid by aggregators. Some restaurants were avoiding paying the GST even though it was billed to customers.
โThe decision to make food aggregators pay tax on supplies made by restaurants from January 1, 2022, seems to have been done based on empirical data of under reporting by restaurants, despite having collected tax on supplies of food to customers,โ said Mahesh Jaising, Partner, Deloitte India.
โThe impact on the end consumer is expected to be neutral where the restaurant is a registered one. For those supplies from unregistered, there could be a 5% GST going forward,โ he added.
Aircraft on lease The GST Council has exempted Integrated GST levied on import of aircraft on lease basis. This will help the aviation industry avoid double taxation, the Finance Minister said, and will also be granted for aircraft lessors who are located in Special Economic Zones.
Goods supplied at Indo-Bangladesh border haats have also been exempted from GST.
Solar System means system of the sun. All bodies under the gravitational influence of our local star, the Sun, together with the Sun, forms the solar system. The largest bodies, including Earth revolving around the sun are called planets. Often smaller cool bodies, called satellites and moons, orbit a planet. Bodies smaller than planets that orbit the sun are classifieds as Asteroids if they are rocky or metallic from the region between Mars & Jupiter, Comets if they are mostly ice & dust, and Meteoroids if they are very small.
Our Solar System
How Big is Our Solar system ?
To think about the large distances, we use a cosmic ruler based on the astronomical unit(AU). 1 AU is the distance from Earth to the Sun, which is about 150 million kilometres. the area of the Sun’s influence stretches far beyond the the planets, forming a giant bubble called the heliosphere. The enormous bubble of the heliosphere is created by the solar wind, a stream of charged gas blowing outward from the Sun. As the Sun orbits the center of the milky way, the bubble of heliosphere also moves ahead of itself in interstellar space through the interstellar gases. The area where the solar wind is abruptly slowed by pressure from gas between the stars is called the termination shock. That was observed when Voyager 1 began sending unusual data to Earth in late 2003. In December 2004, thats how scientists confirmed that Voyager 1 had crossed the termination shock at about 94 AU, approximately 13 billion kms from the sun,venturing into the vast, turbulent expanse where the Sun’s influence diminishes. Voyager 2, 16 billion kilometres from Voyager 1, crossed the termination shock in August 2007. Voyager 1 may reach in interstellar space sometime between 2014 & 2017; when voyagers exit the enormous Oort Cloud, a vast spherical shell of icy bodies surrounding the solar system.
Galaxies
Solar System: As we know it
A Solar system refers to a star and all the objects that travel in orbit around it. Our Solar system consists of the sun – our Star – Eight planets and their natural satellites (such as our moon); dwarf planets; asteroids and comets. Our solar system is locally in an outward spiral of the Milky Way galaxy.
Like early explorers mapping the continents of our globe, astronomers are busy charting the spiral structure of our galaxy, the Milky Way. Using infrared images from NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope, scientists have discovered that the Milky Way’s elegant spiral structure is dominated by just two arms wrapping off the ends of a central bar of stars. Previously, our galaxy was thought to possess four major arms. This annotated artist’s concept illustrates the new view of the Milky Way, along with other findings presented at the 212th American Astronomical Society meeting in St. Louis, Mo. The galaxy’s two major arms (Scutum-Centaurus and Perseus) can be seen attached to the ends of a thick central bar, while the two now-demoted minor arms (Norma and Sagittarius) are less distinct and located between the major arms. The major arms consist of the highest densities of both young and old stars; the minor arms are primarily filled with gas and pockets of star-forming activity. The artist’s concept also includes a new spiral arm, called the “Far-3 kilo-parsec arm,” discovered via a radio-telescope survey of gas in the Milky Way. This arm is shorter than the two major arms and lies along the bar of the galaxy. Our sun lies near a small, partial arm called the Orion Arm, or Orion Spur, located between the Sagittarius and Perseus arms.
Our Solar System Consists of-
Planets:8 – The planet count in our solar system has gone as high as 15 before new discoveries prompted a fine tuning of the definition of a planet.
Dwarf planets:6 – This new class of worlds helps us categorize objects that orbit the Sun but aren’t quite the same as the rocky planets and gas giants of our solar system. There could be hundreds more of these small worlds far out there waiting to be discovered.
Moons:173 – This Counts includes only the moons orbiting the eight planets in our solar system. it is likely there are more moons orbiting the giant planets of our solar system and there are moons orbiting around dwarf planets and asteroids.
Asteroids:645,118 – New asteroids are discovered on an almost daily basis. it is estimated that the mineral wealth of the asteroid in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter is about $100,000,000 for every person on Earth.
Comets:3,279 – orbiting spacecraft such as SOHO have raised this tally in recent years by catching the comets as they plunge towards the Sun – and sometimes vaporize. Scientists estimated there could be as many as 1,000,000,000 comets held in the gravitational grip of the Sun.
Just like most of his books, โOne Arranged Murderโ is written for the masses. Because the language is so simple and flowy, the book can be easily picked up by a non-reader or a beginner-level reader in English.
Letโs talk about the storyline
Keshav and Saurabh are best friends, colleagues, flatmates, and business partners at a detective agency they started. They are the same guys whom we see in the book, โThe Girl in Room 105โ. But Keshav and Saurabh are not talking, and the reason is Keshavโs habit of fat-shaming Saurabhโs fiancรฉ, Prerna. Prerna is on the heavier side, and Keshav always finds some reason to take a jab at her weight.
Prerna and Saurabh, on the other hand, are a cheesy and romantic couple. There is probably more love between them than any arranged marriage couple. On Karva Chauth, Prerna decides to fast for Saurabh. She doesnโt eat and drink all day, and in the evening, gets all decked up, waiting for Saurabh to come and help break her fast. Saurabh is supposed to enter from the back gate and meet her on the terrace of her three-story house, but when he finally reaches there, what he sees shocks the life out of him.
This is the story of โOne Arranged Murderโ; the story of one arranged marriage that eventually becomes one arranged murder.
What to expect?
Expect the same things that you would expect from aย regular Chetan Bhagat novel. It does not matter which category of readers you belong to, beginners or regulars, you would mostly be getting the same things out of this novel. Yes, there is a marginal improvement from his previous works, but the word that I would like to stress upon is marginal.
What about the writing style?
The book has all the ingredients of a classic masala drama. It has romance, comedy, murder, action, adventure, family drama, friendships, and light-hearted banter. It has a big Indian joint family that looks picture perfect from the outside, but on the inside, it is brimming with secrets and scheming members. People have corrupt intentions, dirty secrets, personal vendettas, and generations-old grudges.
How good is the pace?
Racy and fast-paced, the book can captivate the reader from the very beginning. For many books, what doesnโt happen till, well, 30% of the book, happens at just 30 pages here. I remember getting sucked into the story and its mystery by the end of the 30th page.
What did I like?
I like the way Chetan experiments with the narration. Throughout the book, it is mostly Keshav who narrates the story, but at times, some characters (like Sourabh and Anjali) tell their own story in some parts. They tell their tales from their point of view and perspectives.
Experimenting with the concept of an unreliable narrator in the first two chapters is also something that I loved. I just hoped Chetan had used it on a bigger scale. The ingenuity of this switch, especially in the beginning, is truly remarkable. In the first chapter, Keshav narrates and makes you form an opinion of Saurabh Then in 2nd chapter, Saurabh assumes the role of narrator, and tells you that he is sure Keshav must have already brainwashed you, he must have told you things, and you must have believed him. This makes the reader have trust issues with the main narrator โ the reader is confused as to whose story must be trustedโ Keshavโs or Saurabhโs?
The book also provides a running social commentary about things that are wrong with society. Some of the things that the author talks about are โ
(1) Big fat Indian weddings, where people spend lavishly, only to show off, even when the money is tightย .
(2) How people cringe at the word dowry, but the same people say โsometimes it is not dowry, it is love, isnโt it?โ
(3) People holding on to family honor, even when it comes at the cost of justice and
(4) The tendencies of businesses to work unethically, when they overborrow, speculate, and siphon funds that do not belong to them.
Neuromarketing, a field that makes use of studies and research into the human mind, thoughts, feelings and experiences to design better products, increase sales as well as enhance the marketability of organizations has been gaining momentum. It involves developing an understanding of consumer needs by applying the techniques of neuroscience. While some techniques such as EEG, fMRI and the like are used to directly measure brain activity corresponding to specific functions, other tools include eye tracking and biometric data measurement.
Neuromarketing requires a good amount of investment. However, it is worth the expense since, in comparison to traditional forms of data collection, such as questionnaires and surveys, it directly collects information from the subconscious, a prime source of human decision-making. Moreover, manipulation of data is less likely using this method and it establishes a far better emotional connection with the audience. PepsiCo, Hyundai, Yahoo and eBay are some of the well-known organizations that have used neuromarketing. Spotify, the leading audio streaming platform has joined the list by recently collaborating with the neuro analytics company Neuro-Insight to conduct a brain wave study.
How was it conducted?
The study was based on the experience of 600 participants who listened to multiple genres of music, ranging from rap, pop, Latin, etc. Audio digital ads were allowed to play in between. Brain activity was measured by researchers using a brain tracking method known as Steady State Topography (SST). According to its developer, Richard Silberstein, founder of Neuro-Insight, It not only measures an individualโs speed of response to stimuli but also helps in understanding psychological processes by analyzing the speed of various brain sensitively.
What were the results?
Emotional intensity can be increased by using digital audio since it keeps the long-term memory active and engaged in the process of searching for details and memories.
The genre of music determines its impact on the brain. Rap music, which is driven by speech, tends to bring about more engagement. On the other hand, genres such as instrumental and rock produce more emotional attachment.ย ย
About 93 percent of the brainโs capacity to engage with the music or podcast impacts the engagement with ads. This was a particularly noteworthy aspect for Spotify, an ad-driven platform and can serve other similar platforms in the future.
Jon Gibs, who is the principal data scientist and global director at Spotify, reported that this study was conducted to ensure that Spotify serves content that aligns with the interests of the consumer. He believes that through Neuromarketing, brands can get good insights into a consumerโs thought process as they consume multiple types of media. Samrat Saran, who is the head of client solutions at Neuro-Insight, said that this study would enable them to determine Spotifyโs efficiency as an ad-driven platform.
This study provided some valuable insights which can be very helpful to plenty of content creating and streaming platforms. Advertisers are always looking for customer-friendly platforms and through such studies, user experience can be optimized in such a way that more investors would be attracted to pitch in, which would, in turn, generate better revenues and services. Even though Neuromarketing is not yet widely used, it has the potential to transform the future of marketing.
Dr. Joseph Murphy has constructively written this book which intends to imbibe within the readers, the idea of – if you believe in something and picture it in the back of your mind, you remove the subconscious obstacles that prevent you from achieving your aim and your belief then turns into reality. Dr. Murphy’s book is inclusive of real life case studies and anecdotes, which adds to the facts check. The book serves as a manual to self confidence, unshakable self esteem, techniques to strengthen marriages, create true friendships, give up on bad habits, conquer inhibitions, earn wealth and get recognition. The book endorses techniques to remove fear from the mind and pave the road to success. Dr.Murphy has provided the readers with the golden tips to succeed at life.
The book consists of several chapters such as :
The treasure house within you
How your own mind works
The miracle working power of your subconscious
Mental healing in ancient times
Mental healing in modern times
Practical techniques in mental healing
The tendency of the subconscious is lifeward
How to get the results you want
How to use the power of your subconscious for wealth
Your right to be rich
Your subconscious mind as a partner in success
Scientists use the subconscious mind
Your subconscious and the wonders of sleep
Your subconscious mind and marital problems
Your subconscious mind and your happiness
Your subconscious mind and harmonious human relations
How to us your subconscious mind for forgiveness
How your subconscious removes mental blocks
How to use your subconscious mind to remove fear
How to stay young in spirit forever
The book has accurately explained about the two functions of the human mind – ‘conscious and subconscious’ and how both are necessary to be developed for well-being. It helped me realize how getting acquainted with both the aspects and working to strengthen them is essential. Understanding the things said to you be people on a daily basis, helps you to look at yourself from a different perspective altogether. This book has helped me convey the ideas of a can-do attitude, self evaluation and a will to complete my aims, to my conscious mind. It assisted me in understanding what enormous power one’s subconscious mind withholds. During my years of schooling, I had never purchased a philosophical guide because of the misinterpretation, that a mere book cannot be of much help, for one to make amendments in his or her life. Later I came across this particular book and slowly got engrossed into Dr. Murphy’s strategies of having faith in your subconscious mind. This book has the potential to answer many of our doubts which we are at times, unable to ask others. The examples listed out in the book, make the theories more believable and meaningful. The author has beautifully crafted the content by mentioning real life incidents wherein people have used their subconscious minds to resolve the problems faced by them. According to the Audience Rating Summary, this book has received 4.7/5 stars, which is commendable. In my opinion, The Power Of Your Subconscious Mind is definitely a must read for all bibliophiles.
A number of scientific enquirers suggest our universe may be one in a collection of other universes, possibly an infinite number of universes spreading through other dimensions of time and space. Although these ideas are speculative at the moment, the large Hadron Collider in Switzerland is searching for evidence of multiple dimensions. And ESA’s Planck satellite will be looking for the evidence of inflation. if either finds it is looking for, the possibility of multiple universes will become stronger. The new theory postulates that, just after the creation of the universe, space expanded hugely, driven by fluctuations in energy that once they began were rather had to stop. Not only did our universe grow, but so did countless others in a chain reaction that continues to this day. These other universes would bud off from our own and be completely observable to us. they would bud new ones, creating an endless cascade. The idea of multiple universes crops us again in theoretical efforts to understand why we exist. It also points to how the forces of nature are related to one another, suggesting that reality may consists of 11 dimensions, not just the three that are familiar.
How old is the Universe?
According to the best measurements ever taken of the radiation left over from just after the Big Bang, the universe is a little older and perhaps a bit stronger than previously thought.the data from the Planck satellite combined a map of the remnant glow that largely affirms scientists theories about the universe’s early history. but the results also reveal a few quirks. Launched by the European Space Agency in 2009, the Planck satellite scans the sky for the cosmic microwave background, radiation that dates back to about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. That radiation was originally about 2,700 degree Celsius but has cooled to a mere 2.7 degrees above absolute zero. Planck is essentially a supersentitive thermometer that can probe the temperature of this radiation to millionths of a degree. that extraordinary precision allowed researchers to map tiny temperature fluctuations in the radiations across the entire sky. Now, that cosmologists do have access to the map, they can make many conclusions about how the universe has evolved
The yellow spots in the map are about one part in 100,000 hotter than the average temperature, while the blue spots are slightly colder. These subtle perturbations in the early universe eventually grew into stars and galaxies.
Dark Matter Mystery
Most of the universe is made up of dark energy, a mysterious force that drives the accelerating expansion of he universe. the next largest ingredient is dark matter, which only interacts with the rest of the universe through its gravity. normal matter, including all the visible stars, planets and galaxies, makes up less than 5% of the total mass of the universe. Astronomers cannot see dark mater directly, but can study its effects. They cans see lights bent from the gravity of invisible objects (called gravitational lensing). they can also measure that stars are orbiting around in their galaxies faster than they should be. This can all be accounted for if there were a large amount of invisible matter tied upon each galaxy, contributing to its overall mass and rotation rate.
The Make-up of the Universe
What Exactly it is ?
Astronomers know more about what dark matter is not than what is is. Dark matter is dark: It emits no light and cannot be seen directly, so it cannot be stars or planets. Dark matter is not clouds of normal matter , normal matter particles are called baryon. If dark matter were composed of baryons. it would be detectable through reflected light. Dark matter is not antimatter: Antimatter annihilates matter on contact, producing gamma rays. Astronomers do not detect them. Dark matter is not black holes : Black holes are gravity lenses that bend light. Astronomers do not see enough lensing events to accounts of dark matter that must exist. Particle colliders such as the large Hadron Collider. Cosmology instruments such as WMAP and Planck. Direct detection experiments including CDMS, XENON, Zeplin, WARP, ArDM and others. Indirect detection experiments including; Gama ray detectors (Fermi from space and Cherenkov telescopes from the ground ); neutrino telescopes (IceCubes, Antares); antimatter detectors( Pamela, AMS-02) and X-ray and radio facilities.
India measures 3214 km from north to south and 2933 from east to west with a total land area of 3,287,263 sq. km. It has a land frontier of 15.200 km and a coastline of 7516.5 km. Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and lakshadweep in the Arabian sea are parts of India. the Country shares its political borders with Pakistan & Afghanistan on the west and Bangladesh and Burma on the east. the Northern boundary is made up of the Sinkiang province of China, Tibet, Nepal and Bhutan. India is separated from Sri Lanka by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
National Emblem
The state emblem of India is an adaptation from the Sarnath lion, at the capital of Ashoka the Emperor, as preserved in the Sarnath Museum. The Government of India adopted the emblem on 26th January 1950, the day when India became a republic. In the State emblem adopted by the government, only three lions are visible, the fourth been hidden from the view. The wheel appears in the relief in the center of the abacus with a bull on the right and a horse on the left and the outlines of the other wheel on the extreme right and left.the bell shaped lotus has been omitted. the words “Satyameva Jayate” from the Mundaka Upanishads meaning “Truth alone triumphs” inscribed below,the abacus of the emblem in Devanagari script is also referred to as the National Motto.
National Emblem of India
The National Flag
The National Flag is a horizontal tri-colour of deep saffron (Kesari) (Representing Courage and Sacrifice) at the top, White (peace and truth) in the middle and Dark green (Faith and Chivalry) at the bottom at equal proportion. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2:3. In the center of white band is a wheel, in navy blue. Its design is that of the wheel (Chakra) which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Asoka. Its Diameter approximates the width of the white band, it has 24 spokes. The Design of the national flag was adopted by the constituent assembly of India on 22nd July, 1947. Its use and display are regulated by a code.
National Anthem
Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem of India. It was originally composed as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata in Bengali by polymath Rabindranath Tagore. The first stanza of the song Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950. A formal rendition of the national anthem takes approximately 52 seconds. It was first publicly sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta (now Kolkata) Session of the Indian National Congress. The National Anthem of India is played or sung on various occasions. Instructions have been issued from time to time about the correct versions of the Anthem, the occasions on which these are to be played or sung, and about the need for paying respect to the anthem by observance of proper decorum on such occasions. The substance of these instructions has been embodied in the information sheet issued by the government of India for general information and guidance. The approximate duration of the Full Version of National Anthem of India is 52 seconds and 20 seconds for shorter version.
National Anthem of India
National Song
The song Vande Mataram composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee has an equal status with Jana Gana Mana. The first political occasion when it was sung was the 1896 session of the INC.
National Song of India
National Calendar
At the time of Independence , the govt, of the India followed the Gregorian calendar based on the christian era. The National Government adopted the recommendation of the Calendar Reform Committee that the Saka era be adopted as the basis of the National Calendar. The Saka year has the normal 365 days and begins with Chaitra as its first month. The days of the Saka Calendar have a permanent correspondence with the dates of the Gregorian Calender, Chaitra 1 falling on March 22 in a normal year and on March 21 in a leap year. The national Calender commenced on Chaitra 1 Saka, 1879 corresponding to to March 22, 1957 AD.
National Flower
Lotus (Nelumbo NuciferaGaertn) is the national Flower of India. It is sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian Culture since time immemorial. India is rich in Flora. Currently available data places India in the 10th position in the world and 4th in Asia in plant diversity. From about 70% geographical area surveyed so far, 47,000 species of plant have been described by the Botanical Survey of India(BSI).
Lotus – National Flower of India
National Animal
The Combination of grace, strength, agility and enormous power has earned Tiger, (Panthera tigris), its pride of place as the national animal of India. Out of eight species known, The Royal Bengal Tiger, is rare.
Royal Bengal Tiger
National River
the Ganga or Ganges is the longest river of India flowing over 2510 kms of mountains Valleys and plains. It originates in the snowfields of the Gangotri Glacier in the Himalaya as the Bhagirathi River. It is later joined by Alakananda, Yamuna, Son, Gomti, Kosi and Ghagra. The Ganga river basin is one of the most fertile and densely populated areas of the world and covers an entire area of 1.000.000 sq.km The Ganga is revered by Hindu as the most sacred river on earth.
River Ganga
National Tree
Indian fig tree, (Ficus bengalensis) whose branches root themselves like new trees over a large areas. The roots then gives rise to more trunks and branches. Because of this characteristics and its longevity, this tree is considered immortal and is a n integral part of the myths and legends of India. Even today, the banyan tree is the focal point of village life and thevillage counil meets under the shade of this tree.
Banyan Tree
National Fruit
Magnifera indica, The mango tree is one of the most important and widely cultivated fruit trees pf the tropical world. its juicy fruit is the rich source of Vitamin A, C & D. In India there are over 100 varieties of mangoes, in different sizes, shapes and colours. Mangoes have been cultivated in India from time immemorial.
Mango
National Bird
The Indian Peacock, (Pavo cristatus), the national bird of India, is a colorful bird, with beautiful velvet feathers and slender neck. The male of the species more colorful than the female, with a glistening blue breast and neck and spectacular bronze-green tail of around 200 elongated feathers. The female is brownish and slightly smaller than the male and lacks the tail, The dance of the male fanning out the tail and preening its feathers is a gorgeous sight.
Peacock
National Sport
Hockey is India’s national game. India won the first Olympic history gold in 1928, in Amsterdam, beating the Netherlands 3-0 India’s hockey team is the most successful team ever in the Olympics, having won eight gold medals in 1928, 1932, 1936, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1964 and 1980. India also has the best overall performance in Olympic history with 83 victories out of the 134 matches played.
Hockey
Indian Standard Time (IST)
India has only one standard time, India is 5.5 hours ahead of GMT/UTC, 4.5 hours behind Australian eastern Standard time and 10.5 hours of American Eastern Standard time.
National Monument
India gate, one of the largest war memorials, situated in the heart of New Delhi, is the national monument of India. It was erected in memory of 90,000 soldiers who lost their lives fighting in the world war 1 and Afghan war for the British army. It was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyebs. Earlier it was called All India War Memorial.
India Gate
National Aquatic animal
River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is an endangered species in India. River Dolphin is critically endangered species in India. It has been put in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife protection Act, 1972. Poaching., degradation of its habitat, siltation, pollution and reduced flow of river water are said to be the reasons for its depletion.
River Dolphins
National Currency
The symbol is a combination of both Devanagari letter ”Ra” and Roan letter “R” with a stripe cutting at the middle to represent the tricolor. it also means equality.
National Heritage Animal
In order to enhance the population of this mammalian species the Ministry of the Environment has declared Asiatic Elephants as the National heritage Animal.
First-person shooters are a type ofย shooter gameย that relies on aย first-personย point of view with which the player experiences the action through the eyes of theย character. They differ fromย third-person shootersย in that, in a third-person shooter, the player can see the character they are controlling (usually from behind, or above). The primary design focus is combat, mainly involving firearms or other types of long-range weapons. A defining feature of the genre is “player-guided navigation through a three-dimensional space.” This is a defining characteristic that clearly distinguishes the genre from other types of shooting games that employ aย first-person perspective, includingย light gun shooters,ย rail shooters,ย shooting gallery games, or older shootingย electro-mechanical games.ย The First-person shooter games are thus categorized as being distinct from light gun shooters, a similar genre with a first-person perspective that uses dedicatedย light gunย peripherals, in contrast to the use of conventional input devices. Light-gun shooters (likeย Virtua Cop) often feature “on-rails” (scripted) movement, whereas first-person shooters give the player complete freedom to roam the surroundings.
The first-person shooter may be considered a distinct genre itself, or a type of shooter game, in turn, a subgenre of the widerย action gameย genre. Following the release ofย Doomย in 1993, games in this style were commonly referred to as “Doom clones“; over time this term has largely been replaced by “first-person shooter”.ย Wolfenstein 3D,ย released in 1992, the year beforeย Doom, has been often credited with introducing the genre, but critics have since identified similar, though less advanced, games developed as far back as 1973. There are occasional disagreements regarding the specific design elements which constitute a first-person shooter. For example, titles likeย Deus Exย orย BioShockย may be considered as first-person shooters, but may also fit into theย role-playing gamesย category, as they borrow extensively from that genre. Other examples, likeย Far Cryย andย Rage, could also be consideredย adventure games, because they focus more on exploration than simple action, they task players with multiple different objectives other than just killing enemies, and they often revolve around the construction of complex cinematic storylines with a well-defined cast ofย secondary charactersย to interact with. Furthermore, certain puzzle or platforming games get also called first-person shooters, despite lacking any direct combat or shooting element, instead of using a first-person perspective to help players immerse within the game and better navigate 3D environments (for example, in the case ofย Portal, the ‘gun’ the player character carries is used to create portals through walls rather than fire projectiles). Some commentators also extend the definition to includeย combat flight simulatorsย andย space battleย games, whenever the cockpit of the aircraft is depicted from a first-person point of view.
A show which inspired, optimized and enthralled its audience, Gilmore Girls is the quintessence of a dreamy, thrilling, and congenial TV show. Beginning its way back from the first year of the 21st century, it is a beautiful story of a quirky mother Lorelai and her goofy daughter also Lorelai (but called Rory), starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel fighting the odds, and living a life they adore in a bewitching town named Stars hollow. The story starts with the three main characters, Lorelai, Rory, lounging at the diner, and our beloved, Luke, the owner of the diner, serving them coffee as he has and will be doing forever, taunting them for not taking care of their body, which, both the girls, pleasingly ignore, a glimmer in their eyes, a smile on their faces, and the tale begins. Rory’s main goal in life is to go to Harvard. To do so, she performs arduous efforts, and relentless tries, when she finally gets into a private school, Chilton. But as soon as she is closer to the dream, like every other TV show, a boy comes into her life, and she wishes to settle for her old school. But after sometime, Unlike every other TV show, she decides to go on her way, the right way, for her mum, for herself, for Harvard. Chilton, A herd of snobs in a castle of arrogance. The innocent girl steps in the school with as much courage as she could gather, and survives.
The supporting cast includes, Melissa McCarthy( Sookie), Scott Patterson (Luke), Kelly Bishop (Emily Gilmore), Edward Hermann ( Richard Gilmore), Keiko Agena, (Lane Kim), Yanic Truesdale (Michael Gerard)and many many more.
The show thrived for 7 years before its stop on the small screen, which was much refused and procrastinated by the audience. Still, it lived on, partly through the gen-Y, else mostly through Netflix. Millions of people, regardless of age, watch this show, all around the globe, which has highly shot up it’s viewing compared to just being aired on the American television.
This marvelous tale takes us through ups and downs of their life, some romance, some passion, some fun. The crazy girls are so much more than just what they are defined as, we can see that vividly as we go along from one episode to the next. And in the end, they still are the Gilmore Girls, together, forever. you know, where you lead, I will follow, anywhere! This show will definitely stay in a little corner of your heart for as long as you live. It really is a legacy.
It is the story of a young dreamer that tells the saga of consciousness, struggle and success in every eye; one who has the power to rip the ground with his arms; one who talks about making a hole in the sky; one who is anxious to achieve his goals; one who does not accept anything for free; and if he wants freedom, he is ready to spill his blood.
ย
Subhash Chandra Bose, popularly known as โNetajiโ, a great militant, freedom fighter and patriot was born at Cuttack, Orissa on January 23, 1897 to Janakinath Bose and Prabhavati Devi. Janakinath was a well- known lawyer. Prabhavati Devi was a religious and God-fearing woman.He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekanandaโs teachings and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. Subhash Chandra was a brilliant student from the very beginning and was first in the merit list of successfulโฆ
Life is a book full of opportunities and a new chapter can begin at any point in life. One is never too young to get started with new things, also one is never too old to start again. Dreams have no age limit. With hunger for success and the determination to achieve it, one can begin with new ventures at any point in life. With the same thought and will power, there are many successful people who begun their new journey in a later point in life. These two iconic brand owners also did start their journey of success when they were middle-aged.
COLONEL SANDERS
Harland David Sanders of Indiana, took up several jobs at an early age due to his father’s death, when he was six. He did numerous jobs, including, being a part of the army, working as a streetcar conductor, a rail road fireman and an insurance salesman. He failed numerous times and was fired on many of the jobs that he had taken up. He lost hopes on his career and retired at age sixty-five. He then started selling fried chicken cooked in his own recipe, door to door. He opened up a cafe, named Sander’s Cafe and marketed his dishes well. In 1952, Sanders franchised his secret recipe to Pete Harman, who operated one of the city’s largest restaurants. Upon gaining success with this venture, Sanders visited many other restaurants to franchise his fried chicken recipe. Soon, Kentucky’s Fried Chicken (KFC) gained enormous success. Sanders was overwhelmed with his chain of food outlets, spread around 600 different places. At the age of 73, Sanders sold his food chain brand for 2 million dollars. Today, KFC is one of the largest quick service food chains in the world, valued over 5.1 billion USD.
RAY KROC
Raymond Albert Kroc was born in a family of Czech origin. Since a young age, he began trying his hands on business ventures such as opening a lemonade stand and working at a soda fountain place. He worked as a salesman for Lily Tulip and his work culture got him connected with Earl Prince, the inventor of a multi mixture milkshake machine. Ray resigned from Lily Tulip and started selling those multi mixture machines and paper cups across the country. Kroc came across a restaurant which was apparently owned by Dick and Mac McDonald. They sold burgers, french fries and shakes. Kroc had only visited this place to supply his multi mixture shakes machine, but was highly impressed with the working of their restaurant. He soon took up their franchise as an agent but did not have enough investment income to buy the entire corporation. Ray set up the McDonald Corporation in 1955. With the help of MC Corporation’s first President, he was able to make an outright purchase of the brand from McDonald Brothers at age 52. Under his ownership, he maintained strict ownership regarding his staff, packaging, size of portions, cooking methods and lay an emphasis on innovations. All this contributed to the grandeur of the brand. Even in the present times, McDonald’s Corporation is the world’s leading global food service retailer with a net worth of $180.91 B in 2021.
It is apparent that, failures are the stepping stone to success. One may fall seven times but getting up the eighth time is a real feat, which one must achieve. Also, there is no age bar to begin with your passion. One must happily complete the journey of life by following his/her dreams.
It is the story of a young dreamer that tells the saga of consciousness, struggle and success in every eye; one who has the power to rip the ground with his arms; one who talks about making a hole in the sky; one who is anxious to achieve his goals; one who does not accept anything for free; and if he wants freedom, he is ready to spill his blood.
Subhash Chandra Bose, popularly known as โNetajiโ, a great militant, freedom fighter and patriot was born at Cuttack, Orissa on January 23, 1897 to Janakinath Bose and Prabhavati Devi. Janakinath was a well- known lawyer. Prabhavati Devi was a religious and God-fearing woman.He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekananda’s teachings and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. Subhash Chandra was a brilliant student from the very beginning and was first in the merit list of successful students in the matriculation examination.Bose did his graduation from Presidency College, Kolkata. He went to England in September 1919 for higher studies. He was selected for the Indian Civil Service but returned to India without completing his training to take part in the freedom struggle.
Boseโs selfless contribution to Indiaโs Independence Movement and organizing and leading the Indian National Army is indispensable. His struggle of Independence was highlighted during the Civil Disobedience Movement for which he had even been arrested. In fact, he was imprisoned 11 times for his ideologies and the use of force against the British. Bose was elected the president of the Indian National Congress twice but he resigned from the post as he was against the congress internal and foreign policy. Subhash Chandra favored complete freedom of India at the earliest while the Congress was in favor of freedom in phases in the beginning. He was also against Indiaโs joining the Second World War as an ally of the British. This led to differences with Gandhiji, and so he resigned from the President-ship of the Congress and set up the Forward Block.Soon, he left the party and went out of the country seeking an alliance with other countries to fight against British forces. He earned the support of the Japanese and they agreed to help him in forming the Indian national army in Southeast Asia. Later on, he became the commander of the INA. The Indian National Army attacked the North-eastern parts of India. This attack took place under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose and he was even successful in acquiring a few portions of the north-eastern parts of India. Unfortunately, the surrender of the Japanese forced him to withdraw and call off the war.
Subhash Chandra launched an all-India anti-British Campaign in September, 1939. He was arrested in July, 1940. Later he was put under house-arrest, but then he disappeared in the guise of a Pa than and reached Berlin, Germany in November, 1941.He reached Malaya and established Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauz by recruiting Indian prisoners of war. In June, 1943, he visited Japan to have support of the Japanese government in the freedom struggle of India. On October 21, 1943, he became the commander of the Indian National Army in Singapore and began his military struggle against the British. He also established the Provisional Government of Free India there. In December, 1943 he occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In December 1944 the Indian National Army crossed the Burma-India Border and reached Kohima and then Imphal. But the surrender of the Japanese forced him to withdraw and call off the war. It is believed that he lost his life in a plane-crash on August 18, 1945 at the Taihoku airport, Formosa. Subhash Chandra was one of the greatest freedom-fighters and patriots and the Pride of Bengal. He became a legend in his life-time as a great leader, fiery orator and organizer. He was sent to prison eleven times during 1920-1941.
After his mysterious disappearance from his house, where he was under arrest, he appeared in Kabul and again disappeared until he surfaced in Germany. From there he started publishing and broadcasting on air to help the struggle for freedom.He was promised help in his armed struggle by Germany. Then he traveled to Japan facing all the dangers posed by the Second World War. He became the commander of the Indian National Army and freed the islands of Andaman and Nicobar and renamed them as Swaraj and Saheed Islands.”Delhi Chaloโ (March Delhi) becomes the battle cry of the Indian National Army and they were soon across the Indian border in Manipur but then the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the surrender of the Japanese army changed the whole course of events. Therefore, he decided to return to Tokyo to decide his further course of action, but unfortunately, his plane crashed near Taipei and he achieved martyrdom at the young age of 48 years. But the country took the news of his death with disbelief and still there are thousands and thousands of Indians who believe that he is alive.
In popular Media,
In 2004, Shyam Benegal directed the biographical film, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero depicting his life in Nazi Germany (1941โ1943), in Japanese-occupied Asia (1943โ1945) and the events leading to the formation of Azad Hind Fauj. The film received critical acclaim at the BFI London Film Festival, and has garnered the National Film Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration, and the National Film Award for Best Production Design for that year .
In 2017, ALTBalaji and BIG Synergy Media, released a 9-episode web series, Bose: Dead/Alive, created by Ekta Kapoor, a dramatized version of the book India’s Biggest Cover-up written by Anuj Dhar, which starred Bollywood actor Rajkummar Rao as Subhas Chandra Bose and Anna Ador as Emilie Schenkl. The series was praised by both audience and critics, for its plot, performance and production design.
Gumnaami is an 2019 Indian Bengali mystery film directed by Srijit Mukherji, which deals with Netaji’s death mystery, based on the Mukherjee Commission.
The Ministry of railways of India renamed one of the oldest running trains of India, Kalka Mail as Netaji Express from 23 January 2021.
Netaji was a great adventurer as well. His military exploits, unmatched patriotism and exemplary bravery have made him a role model for the young men and women of India. He still lives within our hearts and minds and works as a leading light and source of inspiration.
โBy freedom I mean all-round freedom, i.e. freedom for the individual as well as for the society; freedom for the rich as well as for the poor; freedom for men as well as for women; freedom for all individuals and for all classes.โ -Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
“We should have but one desire today – the desire to die so that India may live – the desire to face a martyrโs death, so that the path to freedom may be paved with the martyrโs blood”. -Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
Netaji was a true Inspiration and has enlighten our world with his Ideologies & Beliefs. He is a Forever Legend and we all are eternally in debt to him for his sacrifice towards our motherland. He will remain in our hearts and thus will lead an immortal life forever.
It is not an abnormal sight these days – the sight of individuals huffing and puffing after carrying the gross weight of their own bodies . With pizzas, french fries, chowmein , burgers, cold drinks and much more flooding the market, the problem of obesity is not only restricted to a middle aged few who are suffering from diseases . It is fast spreading in children as well who gorge on these items and end up looking like pumpkins. Sedentary lifestyle, peer pressure to eat junk food to appear modern and trendy , food addiction , wrong food choices , stress , thyroid problem – factors are umpteen for this growing problem. With both parents working , there is hardly any time to cook food and the increasing number of eating outlets available in the vicinity has become an easy option. So, while parents ‘order’ something for breakfast at office, children happily munch a ‘ take away’ burger with delicious cheese to solve the problem for the day. Due to paucity of time, this one day affair turns into a daily routine which becomes the cause of worry.In this world of advertisements and packaging, children are drawn to ‘ tasty’ food in comparison to healthy food. Such habits when persisted over a period of time result in disastrous consequences. We are what we eat. Unhealthy food gets reflected in the ailments that our body develops. Obesity increase the risk of diseases like hypertension, heart attack , diabetes , cancer , blood pressure , liver and gall bladder diseases. According to a newspaper report, kids as young as 10 are at the risk of heart disease due to obesity . A study published in the Lancet medical journal recently said that almost 1 in 5 Indian men and over 1 in 6 Indian women are overnight.Proper exercise and adopting good eating habits is the only solution to this problem. Dancing , aerobics, swimming,gumming , jogging ,yoga or sports – there are various ways through which we can keep ourselves healthy and fit. Besides improving energy level and physical health, exercise also works wonders for mental health. Studies reveal that exercise leads to the secretion of endorphin and other ‘ happy hormones’ in the body. A study at the Laval University in Sainte- Foy Quebec suggests that those who exercise are less likely to lose their mental abilities or develop dementia , including Alzheimer’s. A regular exercise regime is the sure shot way to cope with depression , anxiety and stress. For more obesity due to thyroid or hormonal problems , proper medication and doctor’ s help is advisable. God has gifted us with this body, an instrument of expression and identity , to showcase our talents and communicate with the outer world. It is important that we maintain healthy bodies to enjoy the beauty of life.
We the creatures of this planet are born with numerous feelings and emotions and as soon as we get hold of ourselves we decide for ourselves if a certain emotions are important for us or not. And the emotion that gets the last place in this not so perfect ranking is the feeling that portray us as sentimental, weak, and quite vulnerable that of crying, venting out all that we have deep buried inside us through our eyes, tears as people call them are what we find the heaviest to let out and yet heavier to carry within us. The vulnerability that we believe surrounds us every time we emit sentiments or feelings that are emotionally draining turns us into some being that isnโt comfortable about their own emotions and consequently we crawl further into ourselves becoming more of an emotional wreck than an emotional person.
The salty water that is emitted every time we experience any sort of emotional trouble or low can actually turn in to the best kind of respite from the burden that this world puts on us. The relieving of our tensions through our eyes is quite normal and in fact healthy. Taking into the acceptance that we are having a bad day and that crying it out might be the best part of the day then one must do that. With all the responsibilities and tensions of the world we definitely need some type of respite from that hectic schedule and mostly people want to run away from it but crying can actually be the medicine we need on a long day. Though different people have different ways of getting themselves back after a heavy day but if letting out the tears is your way you must not shy away from it.
A common stereotype that makes people control their tears to the extent that they start getting uneasy and it becomes unhealthy is that of crying being associated with weakness, while in reality it has to be quite strong of a person to be vulnerable enough to own this emotional self that they make of themselves. Physical health has always got priority over mental health for a very long time in the past. But now as the times are changing and we as human beings are evolving the significance of taking care of our mental health has been increasing to the extent that people are normalizing the act of crying as the perfect humanly behavior and no connection whatsoever with it being the deed of the coward or the weak. In fact keeping it in is considered much less brave and as more of the action of those who are not familiar with their own weak side and in consequence do not know themselves inside out.
There is no insistence on crying out loud in front of the people we know or not know, but rather it is about letting out of the fear which resides within us, the fear of losing it all, the fear of staying the emotional wreck for the rest of our lives, the fear of going away from sanity, the fear of knowing the weak, vulnerable person that we actually are, the fear of people knowing or seeing our not so perfect side, the fear of getting everything to its worst end, the fear of not making ourselves what we thought of, the fear of not getting back on our feet, the fear of unknown, the fear that makes us let it out.
A western admirer once described Swami Vivekananda as being ‘young in years but eternal in wisdom’. if you accept this ecstatic statement at this face value, it establishes the relevance of Swami Vivekananda’s philosophy today.
Vivekananda, original name Narendranath Datta, Datta also spelled Dutt, (born January 12, 1863, Calcutta (now Kolkata) died July 4, 1902, near Calcutta), is a Hindu spiritual leader and reformer in India who attempted to combine Indian spirituality with Western material progress, maintaining that the two supplemented and complemented one another. At the age of eight in 1871, Vivekananda was enrolled at Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s Institution and later at the Presidency College in Calcutta. He was exposed to Western philosophy, Christianity, and science. He had an interest in music both instrumental as well as vocal. He was active in sports, gymnastics, wrestling, and bodybuilding. He was also fond of reading and till the time he had completed his graduation from the college he had acquired a vast knowledge of various subjects
Swami Vivekananda’s inspiring personality was well known both in India and in America during the last decade of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth. The unknown monk of India suddenly leapt into fame at the Parliament of Religions held in Chicago in 1893, at which he represented Hinduism. His vast knowledge of Eastern and Western culture as well as his deep spiritual insight, fervid eloquence, brilliant conversation, broad human sympathy, colorful personality, and handsome figure made an irresistible appeal to the many types of Americans who came in contact with him. People who saw or heard Vivekananda even once still cherish his memory after a lapse of more than half a century.
Man-making — His mission
Swami Vivekananda’s relevance depends not on the nature of the problems we face but on the spirit with those problems have to be tackled. his stress on man himself, for, given the right kind of man, no problem need be daunting. ‘Man-making is my mission’, he used to say. Indeed, a country’s future depends upon its people-how good, intelligent and capable they are.
Character-building through Education
Character building is one of the main and fundamental objectives of education. In ancient times, education was for the formation of character.He considered character building to be the most important objective of education. He believed that religious, character and moral qualities should be inculcated in the students through education. It was his academic opinion and plan to develop the characteristic qualities in the students from the Upanayan Adi Sanskars at the beginning of the education and to reach the full level through the entire code of conduct of Brahmacharyashram. To him, Man Acharya means a Guru whose conduct remains to be followed by all the disciples. Acharya means a living embodiment of the code of ethics. The Acharya teaches the children the rituals of Sandhya, Upasana, Snan, Achaman, Pranayama etc. The life and thoughts of the Acharya in the Gurukul remain a great source of character building of the disciples. The working people, who had long been neglected and had no access to education, should now receive special attention so that they could quickly overcome their initial drawbacks. He wanted education to reach out to them rather than they come to education. Swamiji believes that the contribution of parents in shaping the character of a child is especially important. The work of the Acharya proceeds on its foundation. Parents as well as principals have a major role to play in the character building of the disciple – in the training of body, mind and soul.
The natural tendency of Vivekananda’s mind, like that of his Master, Ramakrishna, was to soar above the world and forget itself in contemplation of the Absolute. But another part of his personality bled at the sight of human suffering in East and West alike. It might appear that his mind seldom found a point of rest in its oscillation between contemplation of God and service to man. Be that as it may, he chose, in obedience to a higher call, service to man as his mission on earth; and this choice has endeared him to people in the West, Americans in particular.
In the course of a short life of thirty-nine years (1863-1902), of which only ten were devoted to public activities-and those, too, in the midst of acute physical suffering-he left for posterity his four classics: Jnana-Yoga, Bhaji-Yoga, Karma-Yoga, and Raja-Yoga, all of which are outstanding treatises on Hindu philosophy. Swami Vivekananda founded Ramakrishna Mission on 1 May 1897 for one’s own salvation and for the welfare of the world. In addition, he delivered innumerable lectures, wrote inspired letters in his own hand to his many friends and disciples, composed numerous poems, and acted as spiritual guide to the many seekers, who came to him for instruction. He also organized the Ramakrishna Order of monks, which is the most outstanding religious organization of modern India. It is devoted to the propagation of the Hindu spiritual culture not only in the Swami’s native land, but also in America and in other parts of the world.
Swami Vivekananda thus gave a spiritual basis to Indian nationalism. Vivekananda was an avatara , a divinely inspired and God-appointed leader, not only for Man in India, but also for the whole of humanity in the present age. In conclusion, Vivekananda was the most eminent figure among the democratic patriots of India.
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LISTENING
Listening is the key to understanding, they say. It’s not just about listening to what people say. One listens to learn, one listens to understand and one listens to gain knowledge. Listen to your deepest thoughts, figure out the things you desire most and what makes you happy because when you listen to your inner self, you will come to a realiasation that everything else that mattered most in your life might not be the best choices for you afterall and perhaps that will resolve the problems you have.
When a child makes a mistake, you ask them to ‘listen’ to you. When a friend asks for an advice you tell him/her to listen to his/her heart. And while in a heated argument you tend to say, ‘Listen to me’. It is important to listen. One who listens, never fails to overcome the battle of his life because life itself really is a battle.
Remember, comedian, show host, celebrities, millionaires, governs, all who manage to secure successful business nad careers are in their best position because they listen.
The android operating system is a mobile operating system that was developed by Google(GOOGLE)to be primarily used for touch screen devices, cellphones, and tablets. Its design lets users manipulate the mobile devices intuitively, with finger movements that mirror common motions, such as pinching, swiping, and tapping. Google also employs Android software in televisions, cars, and wristwatchesโeach of which is fitted with a unique user interface.
IOS AS AN OPERATING SYSTEM
OS responds to the userโs touchโallowing you touch the screen to open a program, pinch your fingers together to minimize or enlarge image, or swipe your finger across the screen to change pages. It comes with the Safari web browser for internet use and iPod application for playing music and Appleโs Mail for managing your emails. Apple products have a very strong brand following, they tend to be the most expensive but are also well-engineered. They do have drawbacks however, they do not support a type of software called Flash which lots of internet sites use to show video and you are locked into the Apple Brand because the operating system only works on Apple products.
Comparison
In this world, where technology is growing at a very rapid speed. Almost every person right now is having a smartphone in their hands. Talking more about smartphones, we know that there are two biggest competitors in the OS (Operating System) market, mainly Android and IOS. Androids are widely used on phones and tablets, and even on televisions allowing users to be free in their choice. The iOS system, on the contrary, is limited to Apple devices, having no customization. The range of iOS devices is more premium-class iPhones, which is not affordable for everybody. Androids are compatible with any gadget of the price spectrum which makes them more liked among common people. Firstly, both operating systems have a lot in common: the zoom movements, tapping, swiping, a lock screen, similar to the PCโs desktop. That is why switching from one to another makes no problems, except that the iOS system has the most used icons on the home screen, while Androids allow users to set widgets, email, weather, etc. Secondly, software gets outdated every second, so it needs to be renewed regularly. The best results in updating security patches, for instance, belong to the iOS system. Around 90% of Apple devices are powered by the latest software versions whereas only high-end Android devices have the latest software. Both mobile operating systems have decent records and safeguards when it comes to security, but Android, being more open, has more vectors for malware to enter your phone. In particular, apps are more prone to bring trouble in Android, especially if you install from an alternative app store. Whereas in IOS it is not possible to install any apps outside of the Appstore. In the end, we can conclude that IOS is Better than Android in security, software, and privacy aspects. And android is better than IOS in customization and price aspects.
The four-month-old farmerโs protests in India took a violent turn on January 26, 2021, when farmers stormed the streets of Delhi, demanding the abolition of the three new farm bills. Farmers were greeted with tear gas, water guns, and abuse as they rode their tractors onto the roads. These agrarian demonstrations, on the other hand, are not the first in Indiaโs history. For a large portion of Indiaโs independent existence, farmers have been protesting. The majority of protests arose as a result of promises of economic growth eluding farmers and general disillusionment with a government that is unresponsive to their plight. โLarge-scale protests have been taking place against a background of widespread and growing unrest in Indiaโs vast countryside, often rooted in the discontent caused by agricultural stagnation and unemployment,โ writes Alf Gunvald Nilsen, professor of sociology at the University of Pretoria. Here is a timeline of some of Indiaโsโฆ
Explained : Although the monsoon season ends in September, a delayed withdrawal and other factors have been causing severe rainfall in several states.
Western disturbances, which begin to have significant interference in local weather over the extreme northern parts of India, commonly cause either rain or snowfall. Since late last week, Ladakh, the higher reaches of Kashmir and Uttarakhand have reported the season’s first snowfall.
Last week, two low-pressure systems were active simultaneously, one each over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal regions. Collectively, these triggered severe weather events over Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Odisha and West Bengal.
Delayed monsoon withdrawal
The four-month southwest monsoon season normally withdraws completely by early October. During the withdrawal phase, it causes thunderstorms and localised heavy rainfall.
This year, however, the withdrawal began only on October 6 against a normal of September 17. So far, the monsoon has withdrawn completely from the Western, Northern, Central and Eastern India regions. But it remains active over the southern peninsula. Thus, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh have had significant rainfall during the last 10 days.
Until Monday, the monsoon had not withdrawn from Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, parts of West Bengal and Odisha and entire southern peninsular India.
โAs there has been a delay in the southwest monsoon withdrawal, good rainfall has continued over Odisha, the Northeast and south India,โ said Mrutyunjay Mohaptra, director general, India Meteorological Department (IMD).
Normally, by mid-October, the monsoon winds reverse their direction of flow from the southwest to the northeast.
โEven though the easterlies are beginning to replace the westerlies, the former is yet strengthen and fully establish. The easterly winds indicate the arrival of the northeast monsoon,โ said D Sivanand Pai, head, Climate Research and Services, IMD, Pune.
This year, conditions for the onset of the northeast monsoon are expected to develop around October 25.
Extreme rains
For most days last week, at least two low-pressure systems remained active along the east and west coasts and over central India, bringing rains over large parts of the country.
Delhi received 87.9mm (over a 24-hour period) between Sunday and Monday, making it the fourth wettest October day for the national capital since 1901. The month of October has also been the fourth wettest so far. It has received 94.6 mm rains this month so far, which is next only to the 238.2 mm it received in 1954, the 236.2 mm in 1956, and 186.9 mm in the entire Octobers of 1910.
Likewise, Balasore in Odisha recorded 210mm in a day and it was only the second such occasion in a decade for this month.
While Tamil Nadu normally receives good rainfall between October and December, mainly during the northeast monsoon, Coimbatore (110mm) witnessed its wettest October day in a decade even before the onset of the northeast monsoon.
The Western Ghats, northeast and central India are known as high-rainfall receiving regions. However, in recent years, it has been noted that intense spells during a short time span are increasingly becoming frequent.
โDue to climate change, there is definitely a rising frequency in the extreme weather events round the year. But these specific occurrences of heavy to very heavy rains that we are seeing right now can be attributed to the formation of low-pressure systems,โ said Mohaptra.
โWhenever there is a low-pressure system, depending on its strength, it results in heavy to very heavy rainfall activity. In addition, when a low-pressure system interacts with western disturbance, further intense rainfall occurs,โ he said.
Extreme rainfall in Kerala
A low-pressure system that formed in the east-central Arabian Sea moved and sustained over Kerala between October 15 and17.
Simultaneously, another low-pressure system prevailed over the north Andhra Pradesh coast and southern Odisha. The interaction between them strengthened the southwest winds which brought extreme rainfall over central and southern Kerala during the last weekend.
At some places in Idukki, Ernakulam, Kollam and Kottayam districts, the 24-hour rainfall was over 200 mm. As many of these districts are hilly and covered with dense forests, the water run-off triggered landslides and mudslides.
Rainy days ahead
The low-pressure system that affected Kerala has weakened now. But a similar system is still active over central India, because of which northern India is likely to received good rainfall this week.
Heavy rainfall events are predicted over Western Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh for Tuesday, with a โredโ alert having been issued by IMD for these regions.
Another low pressure โ located over Northern Odisha and Gangetic West Bengal โ is active and its interaction with the moist easterly winds from the Bay of Bengal is expected to bring heavy rain over West Bengal, Odisha, Sikkim, and Bihar until Wednesday. The maximum impact in terms of extremely heavy rain (more than 204 mm in 24 hours) is likely over some places in West Bengal and Sikkim on Tuesday.
The Falcon super heavy launch vehicle was designed to transport people, spaceships, and various cargos into space. Such a powerful unit wasnโt created instantly and it also had its predecessors. The history of the Falcon family of vehicles began with the creation of the Falcon 1- a lightweight launch vehicle with a length of 21.3 meters and a diameter of 1.7 meters and a launch mass of 27.6 tones; the rocket could carry 420 kilograms or 926 pounds of payload on board. It became the first private device that was able to bring cargo into low earth orbit. Construction of the Falcon 1 of only two stages, the first of them consisted of a supporting element with fuel tanks, an engine and a parachute system. They chose kerosene as the fuel and liquid oxygen became its oxidizing agent.
The falcon heavy side boosters landings -SpaceX
The second stage also contains fuel tanks and an engine; though the latter had less thrust compared to the one in the first stage despite the huge launch cost $7.9 million. Totally five attempts were made to send the Falcon 1 beyond the of our planet nut not all of them were successful. During the debut launch of the rocket, a fire started in the first stage engine; this led to a loss of pressure which caused the engine to shut down in the 34th second of flight. The second attempt to start the Falcon 1 incurred a problem with the fuel system of the second stage fuels stopped flowing into its engine at 474 second of flight it shut down as well. The third time of the Falcon 1 went on a flight, it wasnโt alone of the serious cargo the rocket carried onboard the trailblazer satellites and to NASA micro-satellites. In phase one with the first stage he flight went normally but when the time came to separate the stages, the first hit the second when it started engine, so the second stage couldnโt continue its flight.
The fourth and fifth launches showed good results but that wasnโt enough. The main problem with Falcon 1 was low demand due to its low payload abilities. For this reason, they designed Falcon 9; this device can carry on onboard 23 tons of cargo. Itโs also a two stage launch vehicle and uses kerosene and l liquid oxygen as fuel. The device is currently in operation and the cost of its launch is equal to $62 million. The first stage of the rocket is reusable; it can return to earth and can be used again. The Falcon 9 is designed to not only launch commercial communication satellites but also to deliver dragon 1 to the ISS. Dragon 1 can carry a six ton payload from the earth, this drone supplies the ISS with everything they needs and it also takes goods back.
The prototype of SpaceX starship had its first free flight on July 25, 2019
The dragon 2 is designed to deliver a crew of four people to the ISS and back to earth. Now there is an ultra heavy launch vehicle with a payload capacity of almost 64 tones. It is the most powerful and heavier device called the Falcon heavy. This rocket was first launched on February 6th 2018 and the test was successful. The rocket sent Elon Muskโs car into space- a red Tesla Roadster. After this debut subsequent launches were also conducted without problem. The launch cost is estimated to $150 million.
The first stage of the Falcon heavy consists f three parts. There are three blocks contain 27 incredibly powerful engines in nine each one. The thrust created when takeoff is comparable to 18 Boeing 747s at full power. The second stage is equipped with a single engine. It is planned that the device would be used for missions to the moon and mars. Currently, SpaceX working on the star-ship manned spacecraft. According to its creators, this device will be much larger and heavier than all of the companyโs existing rockets. This device will able to deliver cargo into space weighing more than a hundred tons. The launch of star-ship into pace is planned for 2022 to mars with a payload. Who knows, one of the mankindโs largest dreams may come true within the next year.
“When something is important enough, you doit even if the odds are not in your favor.” – Elon Musk
For a few years now we have witness number of banks and other financial institution crumbled to dust. Apart from PMC (Punjab and Maharashtra Co-Operative) Bank and Yes Bank crisis there are several small banks crisis that have barely been reported and recently RBI have red flagged as many as 11 bank. So how come most important financial institution of our country are falling apart one by one?
Well the failure of several financial institutions and more importantly banking are mainly due to these reasons. Firstly, Indian banks mainly public sector banks(PSB) are loaded with non performing assets (NPA). This implies that they find it difficult to lend more money to industries and other business out of fear which leads to fall in capital formation which in turn leads to reduction in growth of an economy. Secondly, Public Sector Banks are not professional enough that is government still controls theโฆ
Rhetoric, a term often used in the English language referring to cynicism or a way of not believing in something. But the people who use this word with this meaning do not know the real definition of this word. the word actually means ‘word’ itself. Rhetoric is the opposite of cynicism, it believes in persuasion, in motivation for something, no matter whether its right or wrong, it is the quintessence of convincing someone to do something. And as a result, it is mostly used in speeches, primarily of politicians and debaters, convincing people to favor their party, or organization and disregard the opposition. The art of rhetoric was first found around 367-347 BCE by Aristotle, in Athens. since then, it has never left the world, even before that, it was there, just it didn’t have a particular term referring to it. If you see carefully, you can find rhetoric almost everywhere. suppose when a school is advertising for its high quality education, it is persisting you to believe that it is the best educational facility for your child, hence rhetoric, it may not be in a verbal way, but it is still considered rhetoric. Every advertisement, every political speech, every motivational speech even, can be pointed out as rhetoric. It is as common as a pair of jeans in a garment store, a bad metaphor, but I didn’t get anything else in the spur of the moment, as long as you get what I am saying, it is good.
there are three further sub-categories in this field, namely logos, ethos, and pathos. They form what is called the rhetorical triangle. The first is logos, which is the appeal to reason. It uses the help of logical reasoning to help the audience. We often categories it in two modes of appealing, inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning, the latter regularly used with syllogism. The second is ethos, or ‘the ethical appeal’. It often refers to the establishing the credibility of a speaker or a writer. It is often deployed indirectly. The third mode of appeal is pathos, the appeal to the audienceโs emotions. These can be positive emotions, like pride or hope, or negative ones, like fear or hatred.
So lets talk about the structure of the a rhetoric thesis. Classical rhetoric divided a composition into five parts: (1) exordium, the introduction; (2) narratio, the statement of the context or situation; (3)confirmatio, the presentation of arguments and facts; (4) refutatio, the presentation and refuting of counterarguments; and (5) peroratio, the conclusion.
you can see many rhetorical modes of appealing in some famous speeches. for example, ‘I have a dream’ by Martin Luther King Jr. Gun control speech by Sarah brady, the inauguration speech by Ronald Reagan, and endless other pieces.
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YOUNG MINDS – BIG REVOLUTIONS
It is rightly said, there is no age bar to make a difference in the world. It just needs an ignition and the willingness to do something different, for the betterment of the society. One might feel, it is a daunting task to initiate alone and make amendments, but a single person with grit and determination is sufficient enough to make the world a a better place. Mother Teresa states, “I cannot alone change the world, but I can cast a stone across the waters to create many ripples.” There are many such youth personalities, who came forward to make a difference.
Malala Yousafzai
Female education activist and Nobel Peace Prize awardee, Malala Yousafzai was born in a family where education to girl child was encouraged. Gaining inspiration from her father’s humanitarian work, she decided to get into female education activism. The terrorist group, Tehrik-i-Taliban, was agitated by the her attempts to encourage education for the women. Malala, along with two other girls were shot by gunmen from the same terrorist organization to retaliate against her activism. Even after facing such a violent attack at a tender age of just 15, she did not halt her deeds. She started a fund raising organisation with her own name after recovery. She was then featured in the Times Magazine as one of the Most Influential People in the world and was asked to address the House of Commons at Canada.
Isra Hisri
Isra Hisri, the daughter of Ilhan Omar (U.S Congresswoman), is an American Environmental Activist. She began gaining awareness bout concepts related to the environment in her freshman year when she became a part of her High School’s Environmental Club. In the Club, she was the only girl who had a dark complexion, hence she would feel left out amongst the whites. She played her part in co-ordination of student led strikes related to environmental protection in spite of being neglected by many of her fellow mates. Hisri has made it her goal to use her advocacy in environmental and anti-racial matters since the age of 16. She co-founded and served the Youth Climate Strike and has been awarded the Brower Youth Award.
Nkosi Johnson
Nkosi Johnson, hailing from South Africa was born with HIV-AIDS. He was adopted by another woman, as his mother could no longer nurture him since she herself was suffering from the disease. He lost his mother when he had begun with his schooling years. His school did not permit him to secure admission and attend classes when they became aware of what he was suffering from. Nkosi addressed at the International Aids Conference, encouraging Aids patients to be outspoken about the disease and seek medical aid. Nkosi’s Haven, a refuge for HIV Positive mothers and children was founded by him with the help of his adoptive mother. He lost his life in the year 2001 due to brain damage complications. He was declared as the awardee of International Children’s Peace Prize. His refuge was donated with USD 1,00,000 by Kids Right Foundation. Author, Jim Wooten, wrote a book on Nkosi’s journey of life and named it as We Are All The Same.
“BE THE CHANGE, YOU WANT TO SEE IN THE WORLD” – M.K Gandhi
There are several other youth personalities such as Greta Thunberg, Jaylen Arnold, Param Jaggi, Marley Dias and many more. The youth is not just the leaders of tomorrow but can be the leaders of today as well. Developing and nurturing social values is what the youth must try to contribute in today’s times. Young minds do have the energy and coherent ideas to bring about a change in society, therefore must strive for it. It is time for all the budding minds to realise their eureka moment and create a revolutionary change across the seven seas.
According to Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) ,” child abuse” can be defined as – ” Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker , which results in death , serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse , or exploitation , or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm to the child.” WHO defines it as : ” Child Abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and / or emotional ill – treatment , sexual abuse , neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health , survival , development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility , trust or power.”
Child abuse is one of the most heinous and inhuman crimes. It means to maltreat a child physically or emotionally . Thus , any commission or omission of an act by a parent which leads to a harm or possibility of harm to the child can be categorised as child abuse. Not only the parents but also those who happen to be in the social circle of a child can be a cause of this I’ll treatment. In India, many gruesome incidents of child abuse have been recorded in the past . In 2010, the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights received 75 cases of child abuse in India up to October 31, including cases of corporal punishment , with the highest number being reported from the national capital and Uttar Pradesh . Especially , those in the age group of 5-12 years reported higher levels of abuse. Ranging from incest , rapes , sexual abuse, digital rape , sodomy , inappropriate touch to sexual assaults , India has a higher category of child sexual abuse than other kind of abuses.
The worst part is that a stunning majority of these cases go unreported . Also, reasons like shame , plain depravity and family honour contribute towards shunning and covering the cases of child abuse . According to a government commissioned survey, more than 53% of children in India are subjected to sexual abuse, but most don’t report the assaults to anyone. The survey covered different forms of child abuse- physical , sexual and emotional – as well as female child neglect and found that two out of every three children are physically abused . The report , which surveyed 12447 children , found that 52.94 per cent of victims were boys.It also revealed that ironically parents and relatives , persons known to the child or in a position of trust and responsibility were mostly found to be the perpetrators of child sexual abuse in the country. The report also brings into light that harmful traditional practices like child marriage, caste system, discrimination against the girl child, child labour and Devadasi tradition impact negatively on children and increase their vulnerability to abuse and neglect. Children on street , children at work and children in institutional care reported the highest incidence of sexual assault. Child abuse traumatizes a child in various ways. From not providing required environment for a healthy growth , inflicting physical torture, mental trauma to sexually maltreating a child . While choking, burning , hitting and striking comprise physical abuse , any kind of sexual association in any form between a child and an adult results into sexual abuse. Emotionally depraving a child , hurting his self esteem or inflicting any other kind of mental trauma is a physiological abuse against the child. Child Abuse may also include not providing required food, shelter , clothing , education and an environment to the child that is necessary for an overall development of child’s personality.Cultural norms, unsuccessful marriage and drug addiction of parents comprise as the main causes of child abuse. In an unhappy marriage, spouses vent the entire frustration on the child. Sometimes a child might also be inflicted to abuse without it being in the notice of the parents , for example , at the school , at the hands of some relative or the immediate neighborhood . It can be both, intentional or unintentional. Presently, though India has the highest number of sexually abused children in the world, there is no special law in India dealing with child abuse and child sexual abuse. The Indian Penal Code does not spell out the definition of child abuse as a specific offence ; neither does it offer legal remedy and punishment for ” child abuse”. However, to fight against this heinous crime, in 2011, Union minister of women and child development has introduced the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Bill in Rajya Sabha. This means India will soon have a comprehensive law to deal with sexual offences against children. Defining what constitutes such offences , the proposed law aims at protecting children against penetrative sexual assault, sexual harassment , pornography and also provide for establishment of special courts for speedy trail. It will provide for stringent punishment of up to 10 years jail term , which may even be extended to life imprisonment , if warranted.
Jan Van Eyck was one of the earliest Netherlandish painters, most renowned for his religious and naturalistic oil paintings in the 1400s and is also believed to be the inventor of oil paintings. His work includes portraits, single panels, triptychs and polyptychs, most of them are speculated to be painted in the 1430s. He paid special attention to the religious subjects and realism.
Even though the exact year and place of Jan van Eyckโs birth is unknown but is believed to be born in the 1390s in Maaseik, a territory that belonged to the Holy Roman Empire, a city now known as Belgium. He is classified under the Flemish painters (artists who were active during the 15th and 16th centuries in Flanders). He was working in Hague somewhere between the years 1422 and 1424. Van Eyck, was the official painter to John of Bavaria, Count of Holland and continued to to work in the palace of Hague until 1325, the year in which the Count died.
After the Countโs death, he began working for Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy and worked for the duke until his death. Under Philip the Good, he did not just work as a painter but was also given political and diplomatic tasks, for which Van Eyck travelled all around Europe.
He took a lot of trips around the continent on Philip the Goodโs behalf working on projects that were kept a secret and was given a salary for the same and his income did not depend solely on commissions.
It is believed that Van Eyck came from a family of painters. His brother Hubert van Eyck and he collaborated on perhaps one of Janโs famous works Ghent Altarpiece, a polyptych altarpiece in St Bavo’s Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium which is considered as one of the most profound oil paintings. It began in 1420 and was completed about 12 years later in 1432.
In around 1431 Jan Van Eyck, bought a house in Burges and married a lady, Margaret with whom he had 2 children. The prime of his career began in the mid 1430s, a time during which he painted Madonna of Chancellor Rolin, Lucca Madonna and Virgin and Child with Canon van der Paele.
Madonna of Chancellor Rolin, in which Virgin Mary is being crowned by an angel while holding Jesus in her lap and presenting him to Rolin. This painting was kept in a church in Notre-Dame-du-Chastel in Autun until a fire burnt the church down in 1793 and then later, it was moved to Musรฉe du Louvre, Paris.
Lucca Madonna, an oil painting depicting Mary sitting on a throne with Jesus Christ sitting on her lap.
In July, 1441, Van Eyck passed away and was buried in the Church of St Donatianโs graveyard. After the artistโs death, his widow was paid Van Eyckโs annual salary by Philip as a sign of utmost respect towards the artist. His reputation continued to grow after his death and many of his unfinished works were completed after his death. His brother Lambert van Eyck conducted a workshop after his death as well.
About 20 paintings are known to be made by him in the 21st century and all of them are still waiting for the mystery that encompasses them to unwind itself.
Rabi crops are also referred to as Winter crops. They grow during the winter season which is between October and March. The term โRabiโ means spring. Thus, as you know, the harvesting time for Rabi crops happens during the spring season. Unlike Kharif crops, Rabi crops do not need a lot of water. Thus, they make do with routine water irrigation in order to flourish.
For instance, they include Wheat, Barley, Pulses, Gram, and more. In addition, farmers also sow seeds of Mustard, Cumin, Sunflower, Rapeseed, and more during this season.
Rabi Crops
Definition of Kharif Crop
Kharif Crops grow during the rainy season which is between June and October. Thus, we also refer to them as Monsoon crops. Unlike Rabi crops, these crops require water in abundance in order to grow. That is why the farmers sow them during the onset of monsoon. Consequently, they harvest them at the end of September or in October. However, these crops are totally dependent on the rainfallโs pattern and timing. Thus, some states sow them a bit early than other states depending on the arrival of monsoon.
For instance, Rice, Sugarcane, Cotton, Pulses, Bajra, and more are examples of these crops.
Kharif Crop
Water Requirements of Rabi & Kharif crops in Different Seasons of India
Water is one of the most important inputs essential for the production of crops. Hence crop planning should be done considering as per (Water requirement and Availability of water).
Water Requirements – The water requirement of crops is that quantity of water required by the crops within a given period of time for their maturity and it includes losses due to evapotranspiration plus the unavoidable losses during the application of water and water required for special operations such as land preparation, and leaching. The quantity of water needed for irrigation on different soil types per meter depth of soil profile at 50% of soil moisture availability is as follows – Sandy soils (25-50 mm), Sandy-loam (45-80 mm), Loam (70-110 mm), Clay-loam (80-120 mm) and Heavy clay (100-140 mm).
The water requirement of different crops is given below-
Rice – The amount of water required for growing rice is varies widely under different conditions:-
[1000 – 1500 mm – Heavy soils high water table, Short duration variety, Kharif season].
[1500 – 2000 mm – Medium soils, Kharif or early spring season].
[2000 – 2500 mm – Light soils, Long duration varieties during Kharif, Medium duration varieties during summer].
Rice
Wheat – It requires about 4-5 times irrigation. The dwarf wheat needs more wetness and the optimum moisture range is from 100-60% of availability. For tall wheat the optimum-moisture range is from the field capacity to 50% of availability.
Wheat
Barley โ About 2-3 times irrigation are adequate and the optimum soil moisture ranges from the field capacity to 40% of availability.
Barley
Maize โ The optimum soil moisture range is from 100-60% of availability in the maximum root-zone, which extends from 40-60 cm on different soil types. In the northern parts 2-3 times irrigation are required before the onset of the monsoon. In Karnataka 2-5 times irrigation are necessary during Kharif and Rabi respectively. At Rajasthan 4 times irrigation (500 mm of water) are required during Kharif.
Maize
Sorghum and Other Millets โ The optimum moisture range is from the field capacity to 40% of the availability. At boot stage and grain development, the water requirement is very important.
SorghumTypes Of Millets
Pulses or Grain Legumes – When grown alone, 1 or 2 times irrigation would be beneficial. The grain legumes (gram, lentil, pea and Indian bean) are irrigated for 2 or 3 times during their growth.
Pulses
Oilseeds – The crops are generally grown under rain fed conditions. Groundnut โ 8 to 10 times irrigation of about 50mm each are applied at 10-15 days interval during its growth period. Sunflower, Mustard and Linseeds are grown alone are mixed with cereals should receive 3 or 4 times irrigation during their growth.
Cotton โ The optimum moisture range of soil moisture for the crop is from the field capacity to 20% of availability in 0-75 cm of the root-zone. Water requirements varied from 400-800 mm under different conditions and about 4-7 irrigation are required for cotton.
Cotton Plant
Jute โ The optimum moisture regime is from the field capacity to 70% of availability in the maximum root-zone of the crop which can extend to about 45 cm of soil depth.
Carpets made of Jute
Sugarcane โ The optimum soil moisture for sugarcane has been found to be 100-50% range of availability in the maximum root-zone, extending upto 50-75 cm in depth. In the north, the crop is planted during February-March and irrigated till the commencement of the monsoon.
Fresh sugarcane in garden.
Tobacco – For cigar, hookah and bidi, tobacco the optimum moisture regimes are from the field capacity to 70, 60 and 50% of the availability respectively. Cigar tobacco needs light and frequent irrigation during 4 months. For hookah tobacco, 12-13 times irrigation of 50 mm of water is required.
Tobacco Plants
Forage Crops โ The optimum moisture range is from field capacity to about 75% of availability. Berseem requires about 20 times irrigation during its growth at intervals of about 20 days (December-January), 15 days (November-February-March) & 10 days (September-October-April). For Lucerne 1800 to 2000 mm of water require during the first year of growth.
Vegetables – The soil moisture should range between 70-80% of availability in the maximum root-zone. Potato needs water at intervals of 10-12 days. Onion and Garlic need very frequent irrigation about 3 weeks before maturity the irrigation is delayed to enhance the keeping quality of the bulb. Tomato needs irrigation at intervals of 10-12 days during summer and 15-20 days during winter. The optimum moisture regime is from 100-50% of the availability in case of cabbage and cauliflower. Water-melon and musk-melon need water at intervals of 8-10 days. Other crop of cucurbitaceae family needs irrigation at intervals of 10-12 days during summer.
Different types of Vegetables
Spices and Condiments โ Important crops are turmeric, ginger, chillies, ajwan, cumin and coriander. Turmeric and ginger should be irrigated to maintain 100-60% of the available moisture in the maximum root-zone, the top 50 cm of the soil. Chillies should be irrigated to maintain 100-50% of the available moisture to about 60 cm in the soil. Coriander, cumin and ajwan need irrigation at intervals of 10-12 days on light soil and 15-20 days on heavy soils
Different types of Spices
Fruit-trees – For fruit trees soil moisture should be maintain in the range of 100-75% of availability. On the full development of the root-zone down to 75-90 cm, the crops may be irrigated when 2/3 times of the available moisture is depleted during blossoming, fruit settings are fruit enlargement. Papaya and banana needs irrigation at intervals of 8-10 days in a tropical climate. The date palm needs regular irrigation during flowering and fruiting to produce good yields.
Different Types of Fruits
Coffee โ To irrigate coffee after the cessation of the monsoon rains during flowering to avoid flower shedding is of profitable.
Coffee & Coffee Beans
When the land does not receive any irrigation, the cultivator takes single crop in Kharif season on the available moisture in the soil. If the soil is heavy, a second crop in Rabi season after a short duration crop in Kharif season, but two seasonal or perennial crops is not beneficial. When irrigation becomes available the cropping plan can include heavy perennials like sugarcane and banana, light perennials like guava or orange, two seasonal crops like long staple cotton, chillies, turmeric etc. besides Kharif and Rabi seasonal crops and also follow double cropping such as groundnut green gram, black gram etc. Followed by wheat or rabbi Jowar, Kharif Jowar or cotton followed by wheat, gram or some vegetable to seasonal crop followed by summer groundnut or some vegetable crop.
When a massive star dies, it leaves a small but dense remnant core in its wake. If the mass of the core is more than 3 times the mass of the sun, the force of gravity overwhelms all other forces and a black hole is formed. Imagine the size of a star is 10 times more massive than our sun being squeezed into a sphere with a diameter equal to the size of New York City. The result is a celestial object whose gravitational field is so strong that nothing, not even light can escape it. The history of black holes was started with the father of all physics, Isaac Newton. In 1687, Newton gave the first description of gravity in his publication, Principia mathematica, that would change the world.
Then 100 years later, John Michelle proposed the idea that there could exist a structure that would be massive enough and not even light would be able to escape its gravitational pull. In 1796, the famous French scientist Pierre-Simon Laplace made an important prediction about the nature of black holes. He suggested that because even the speed of light was slower than the escape velocity of black hole, the massive objects would be invisible. In 1915, Albert Einstein changed physics forever by publishing his theory of general relativity. In this theory, he explained space time curvature and gave a mathematical description of a black hole. And in 1964, john wheeler gave these objects the name, the black hole.
The Gargantua in Interstellar is an incredibly close representation of an actual black hole
In classical physics, the mass of a black hole cannot decrease; it can either stay the same or get larger, because nothing can escape a black hole. If mass and energy are added to a black hole, then its radius and surface area also should get bigger. For a black hole, the radius is called the Schwarzschild radius. The second law of thermodynamics states that, an entropy of a closed system is always increases or remains the same. In 1974, Stephen hawking– an English theoretical physicists and cosmologist, proposed a groundbreaking theory regarding a special kind of radiation, which later became known as hawking radiation. So hawking postulated an analogous theorem for black holes called the second law of black hole mechanics that in any natural process, the surface area of the event horizon of a black hole always increase, or remains constant. It never decreases. In thermodynamics, black bodies doesnโt transmit or reflect any radiation, it only absorbs radiation.
When Stephen hawking saw these ideas, he found the idea of shining black holes to be preposterous. But when he applied the laws of quantum mechanics to general relativity, he found the opposite to be true. He realized that stuff can come out near the event horizon. In 1974, he published a paper where outlined a mechanism for this shine. This is based on the Heisenberg uncertainty Principe. According to the principle of quantum mechanisms, for every particle throughout the universe, there exists an antiparticle. These particles always exist in pairs, and continually pop in and out of existence everywhere in the universe. Typically, these particles donโt last long because as soon as possible and its antiparticle pop into existence, they annihilate each other and cease to exist almost immediately after their creation.
In the event horizon that the point which nothing can escape its gravity. If a virtual particle pair blip into existence very close to the event horizon of a black hole, one of the particles could fall into the black hole while the other escapes. The one that falls into the black hole effectively has negative energy, which is, in Laymanโs terms, akin to subtracting energy from the black hole, or taking mass away from the black hole. The other particle of the pair that escapes the black hole has positive energy, and is referred to as hawking radiation.
The first-ever image of a black hole by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), 2019
Due to the presence of hawking radiation, a black hole continues to loss mass and continues shrinking until the point where it loses all its mass and evaporates. It is not clearly established what an evaporating black hole would actually look like. The hawking radiation itself would contain highly energetic particles, antiparticles and gamma rays. Such radiation is invisible to the naked eye, so an evaporating black hole might not look like anything at all. It also possible that hawking radiation might power a hadronic fireball, which could degrade the radiation into gamma rays and particles of less extreme energy, which would make an evaporating black hoe visible. Scientists and cosmologists still donโt completely understand how quantum mechanics explains gravity, but hawking radiation continues to inspire research and provide clues into the nature of gravity and how it relates to other forces of nature.
Rail transportย (also known asย train transport) is a means ofย transferring passengers and goodsย on wheeledย vehiclesย running on rails, which are located onย tracks. In contrast toย road transport, where the vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail vehicles (rolling stock) are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Tracks usually consist ofย steelย rails, installed onย sleepersย (ties) set inย ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels, moves. Other variations are also possible, such as “slab track”, in which the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface.
Rolling stock in a rail transport system generally encounters lowerย frictional resistanceย than rubber-tired road vehicles, so passenger and freight cars (carriages and wagons) can be coupled into longerย trains. Theย operationย is carried out by aย railway company, providing transport betweenย train stationsย or freight customer facilities. Power is provided byย locomotivesย that either drawย electric powerย from aย railway electrification systemย or produce their power, usually byย diesel enginesย or, historically,ย steamย engines. Most tracks are accompanied by aย signaling system. Railways are a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport. Railway transport is capable of high levels of passenger and cargo utilization and energy efficiency but is often less flexible and moreย capital-intensive than road transport when lower traffic levels are considered.
Indian Railwaysย (IR) is aย statutory bodyย under theย jurisdictionย ofย the Ministry of Railways,ย Government of Indiaย that operates India’s national railway system. It manages theย fourth-largest railway network in the worldย by size, with a route length of 67,956 km (42,226 mi) as of 31 March 2020. 45,881 km (28,509 mi) or 71% of all the broad-gauge routes are electrified withย 25 kV 50 Hz ACย electric traction as of 1 April 2021.
In the fiscal year ending March 2020, Indian Railways carried 808.6 crores (8.086 billion) passengers and transported 121.23 crores (1.2123 billion) tonnes of freight. It runs 1 lakh (100,000) passenger trains daily, on both long-distance andย suburban routes, covering 7,325 stations across India.ย Mail or Express trains, the most common types of trains, run at an average speed of 50.6 km/h (31.4 mph). Suburban EMUs run at an average speed of 37.5 km/h (23.3 mph). Ordinary passenger trains (incl. mixed) run at an average speed of 33.5 km/h (20.8 mph). The maximum speed of passenger trains varies, with theย Gatimaan Expressย running at a peak speed of 160 km/h (99 mph).
In the freight segment, IR runs 8,479 trains daily. The average speed of freight trains is around 24 km/h (15 mph). The maximum speed of freight trains varies from 60โ75 km/h (37โ47 mph) depending on their axle load with ‘container special’ trains running at a peak speed of 100 km/h (62 mph).
The first railway proposals for India were made inย Madrasย in 1832.
The country’s first transport train,ย Red Hill Railwayย (built byย Arthur Cottonย to transport granite for road-building), ran fromย Red Hillsย to theย Chintadripetย bridge in Madras in 1837. In 1845, theย Godavari Dam Construction Railwayย was built by Cotton atย Dowleswaramย inย Rajahmundry, to supply stone for the construction of a dam over theย Godavari River. In 1851, theย Solani Aqueduct Railwayย was built byย Proby Cautleyย inย Roorkeeย to transport construction materials for anย aqueductย over the Solani River.
India’s first passenger train, operated by theย Great Indian Peninsula Railwayย and hauled by three steam locomotives (Sahib,ย Sindh, andย Sultan), ran for 34 kilometers (21 mi) with 400 people in 14 carriages onย 1,676 mmย (5 ft 6 in)ย broad gaugeย track betweenย Bori Bunderย (Mumbai) andย Thaneย on 16 April 1853. The Thane viaducts, India’s firstย railway bridges, were built over theย Thane creekย when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended toย Kalyanย in May 1854. Eastern India’s first passenger train ran 39 km (24 mi) fromย Howrah, nearย Kolkata, toย Hooglyย on 15 August 1854. The first passenger train inย South Indiaย ran 97 km (60 mi) fromย Royapuram-Veyasarapady (Madras) to Wallajabad (Arcot) on 1 July 1856.
The rivers of India play an important role in the lives of the Indian people. The river systems provide irrigation, potable water, cheap transportation, electricity, as well as provide livelihoods for a large number of people all over the country.
Seven major rivers (Indus, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, Krishna and Mahanadi) along with their numerous tributaries make up the river system of India.
All major rivers of India originate from one of the three main watersheds;
The Himalaya and the Karakoram ranges
Vindhya and Satpura ranges and Chotanagpur plateau in central India
Sahyadri or Western Ghats in western India
Based on the topography, the river systems of India can be classified into four groups.
Himalayan Rivers
Deccan Rivers
Coastal Rivers
Rivers of the Inland Drainage Basin
The Himalayan Rivers โ The Himalayan Rivers receive input from rain as well as snowmelt and glacier melt and, therefore, have continuous flow throughout the year. The main river systems in Himalayas are those of the Indus and the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna. The Indus rises near Mansarovar in Tibet. Flowing through Kashmir, it enters Pakistan and finally falls in the Arabian Sea near Karachi. Bhagirathi and Alakhnanda are two important rivers that originate in Garhwal Himalayas. . These join at Devprayag to form Ganga which is the most sacred river of India. This river traverses through Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal and thereafter enters Bangladesh. Yamuna River is an important tributary of Ganga and its own important tributaries are Chambal and Betwa. The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet where it is known by the name Tsangpo. It enters India in Arunachal Pradesh and after traversing through Assam, enters Bangladesh. The combined Ganga-Brahmaputra River meets Meghna in Bangladesh and their huge volume of water flows into the Bay of Bengal.
The Deccan Rivers โ The Rivers of Deccan can be further classified in two groups: west flowing rivers and east flowing rivers. The Narmada and the Tapi rivers flow westwards into Arabian Sea. The important east flowing rivers are the Brahmani, the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Pennar, and the Cauvery. These rivers fall into the Bay of Bengal. The Mahanadi, rising in the state of Madhya Pradesh, is an important river in the state of Orissa. The Krishna rises in the Western Ghats and flows east into the Bay of Bengal. The Krishna is the third longest river in India. The source of the Cauvery is in the state of Karnataka and the river flows south eastward. The Narmada and the Tapi are the only major rivers that flow eastward into the Arabian Sea.
The Narmada rises in Madhya Pradesh and crosses the state, passing swiftly through a narrow valley between the Vindhya Range and spurs of the Satpura Range. It flows into the Gulf of Khambhat (or Cambay).
The Coastal Rivers โ There are numerous coastal rivers which are comparatively small. While only handful of such rivers drains into the sea near the deltas of east coast, there are as many as 600 such rivers on the west coast. The West Coast Rivers are important as they contain as much as 14% of the countryโs water resources while draining only 3% of the land.
Rivers of the Inland Drainage Basin โ The Rivers of the inland system, centred in western Rajasthan state, are few and frequently disappear in years of scant rainfall. A few rivers in Rajasthan do not drain into the sea. They drain into salt lakes or get lost in sands with no outlet to sea.
The rivers of India can be classified on the basis of origin and on the type of basin that they form.
On the basis of Origin: Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers.
Himalayan Rivers -The main Himalayan river systems are the Ganga, the Indus and the Brahmaputra river systems. The Himalayan Rivers form large basins. Many rivers pass through the Himalayas. These deep valleys with steep rock sides were formed by the down – cutting of the river during the period of the Himalayan uplift. They perform intense erosional activity up the streams and carry huge load of sand and silt. In the plains, they form large meanders and a variety of depositional features like flood plains, river cliffs and levees.These rivers are perennial as they get water from the rainfall as well as the melting of ice. Nearly all of them create huge plains and are navigable over long distances of their course. These rivers are also harnessed in their upstream catchment area to generate hydroelectricity.
Peninsular Rivers – The main peninsular river systems include the Narmada, the Tapi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Kaveri and the Mahanadi river systems. The Peninsular Rivers flow through shallow valleys. A large number of them are seasonal as their flow is dependent on rainfall. The intensity of erosional activities is also comparatively low because of the gentler slope. The hard rock bed and lack of silt and sand does not allow any significant meandering. Many rivers therefore have straight and linear courses. These rivers provide huge opportunities for hydro-electric power.
The Indus River System – The Indus originates in the northern slopes of the Kailas range in Tibet near Lake Mansarovar. It follows a north-westerly course through Tibet. It enters Indian Territory in Jammu and Kashmir.
The main tributaries of the Indus in India are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej
Jhelum – The Jhelum originates in the south-eastern part of Kashmir, in a spring at Verinag.. It follows the Indo-Pakistan border flowing into the plains of Punjab, finally joining the Chenab at Trimmu.
Chenab – The Chenab originates from the confluence of two rivers, the Chandra and the Bhaga, which themselves originate from either side of the Bara Lacha Pass in Lahul. It is also known as the Chandrabhaga in Himachal Pradesh. It is further joined by the Ravi and the Sutlej in Pakistan.
Ravi – The Ravi originates near the Rohtang pass in the Kangra Himalayas and follows a north-westerly course. It flows as a part of the Indo-Pakistan border for some distance before entering Pakistan and joining the Chenab River. The total length of the river is about 720 km.
Beas – The Beas originates in Beas Kund, lying near the Rohtang pass. It runs past Manali and Kulu, where its beautiful valley is known as the Kulu valley. It joins the Sutlej river near Harika, after being joined by a few tributaries. The total length of the river is 615 km.
Sutlej – The Sutlej originates from the Rakas Lake, which is connected to the Mansarovar Lake by a stream, in Tibet. Its flows in a north-westerly direction and enters Himachal Pradesh at the Shipki Pass, where it is joined by the Spiti river. It turns west below Rupar and is later joined by the Beas. It enters Pakistan near Sulemanki, and is later joined by the Chenab. It has a total length of almost 1500 km.
The Narmada River System – The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India, and is a total of 1,289 km long. Its total length through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat amounts to 1312 kilometres (815 miles), and it empties into the Arabian Sea in the Bharuch district of Gujarat.
The Tapi River System – The Tapi is a river of central India. It is one of the major rivers of peninsular India with the length of around 724 km, and only the Tapi River along with the Narmada River, and the Mahi River run from east to west. It rises in the eastern Satpura Range of southern Madhya Pradesh state emptying into the Gulf of Cambay of the Arabian Sea, in the State of Gujarat.
The Godavari River System – The river with second longest course within India, Godavari is often referred to as the Vriddh (Old) Ganga or the Dakshin (South) Ganga. The river is about 1,450 km (900 miles) long. It rises at Trimbakeshwar, near Nasik and Mumbai (formerly Bombay) in Maharashtra around 380 km distance from the Arabian Sea and empties into the Bay of Bengal. It is a seasonal river, widened during the monsoons and dried during the summers
The Krishna River System – The Krishna is one of the longest rivers of India (about 1300 km in length). It originates at Mahabaleswar in Maharashtra, passes through Sangli and meets the sea in the Bay of Bengal at Hamasaladeevi in Andhra Pradesh. The Krishna River flows through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Its most important tributary is the Tungabhadra River, which itself is formed by the Tunga and Bhadra rivers that originate in the Western Ghats.
The Kaveri River System – The Kaveri (also spelled Cauvery or Kaveri) is one of the great rivers of India and is considered sacred by the Hindus. This river is also called Dakshin Ganga. It flows generally south and east for around 765 km, emptying into the Bay of Bengal through two principal mouths. Its basin is estimated to be 27,700 square miles (71,700 kmยฒ), and it has many tributaries including Shimsha, Hemavati, Arkavathy, Kapila, Honnuhole, Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, Lokapavani, Bhavani, Noyyal and famous Amaravati.
The Mahanadi River System – The Mahanadi is a river of eastern India. The Mahanadi rises in the Satpura Range of central India, and flows east to the Bay of Bengal. The Mahanadi drains most of the state of Chhattisgarh and much of Orissa and also Jharkhand and Maharashtra. It has a length of about 860 km. Near the city of Sambalpur; a large dam – the Hirakud Dam – is built on the river.
Computer Crime Cyber crime encompasses any criminal act dealing with computers and networks (called hacking).Additionally, cyber crime also includes traditional crimes conducted through the internet. For example; The computer may be used as a tool in the following kinds of activity- financial crimes, sale of illegal articles, pornography, online gambling, intellectual property crime, e-mail spoofing, forgery, cyber defamation, cyber stalking.The computer may however be target for unlawful acts in the following cases- unauthorized access to computer/ computer system/ computer networks, theft of information contained in the electronic form, e-mail bombing, Trojan attacks, internet time thefts, theft of computer system, physically damaging the computer system
Cyber Law is the law governing cyberspace. Cyberspace is a wide term and includes computers, networks,software, data storage devices (such as hard disks, USB disks), the Internet, websites, emails and even electronic devices such as cell phones, ATM machines etc.
Computer crimes encompass a broad range of potentially illegal activities. Generally, however, it may be divided into one of two types of categories
(1) Crimes that target computer networks or devices directly; Examples – Malware and malicious code, Denial-of-service attacks and Computing viruses.
(2) Crimes facilitated by computer networks or devices, the primary target of which is independent of the computer network or device. Examples – Cyber stalking, Fraud and identity theft, Phishing scams and Information warfare.
CASE STUDIES
Case no:1 Hosting Obscene Profiles (Tamil Nadu)
The case is about the hosting obscene profiles. This case has solved by the investigation team in Tamil Nadu. The complainant was a girl and the suspect was her college mate. In this case the suspect will create some fake profile of the complainant and put in some dating website. He did this as a revenge for not accepting his marriage proposal. So this is the background of the case.
Investigation Process
Letโs get into the investigation process. As per the complaint of the girls the investigators started investigation and analyze the webpage where her profile and details. And they log in to that fake profile by determining its credentials, and they find out from where these profiles were created by using access log. They identified 2 IP addresses, and also identified the ISP. From that ISP detail they determine that those details are uploaded from a cafรฉ. So the investigators went to that cafรฉ and from the register and determine suspect name. Then he got arrested and examining his SIM the investigators found number of the complainant.
Conclusion
The suspect was convicted of the crime, and he sentenced to two years of imprisonment as well as fine.
Case no:2 Illegal money transfer (Maharashtra)
ThIS case is about an illegal money transfer. This case is happened in Maharashtra. The accused in this case is a person who is worked in a BPO. He is handling the business of a multinational bank. So, he had used some confidential information of the banks customers and transferred huge sum of money from the accounts.
Investigation Process
Letโs see the investigation process of the case. As per the complaint received from the frim they analysed and studied the systems of the firm to determine the source of data theft. During the investigation the system server logs of BPO were collected, and they find that the illegal transfer were made by tracing the IP address to the internet service provider and it is ultimately through cyber cafรฉ and they also found that they made illegal transfer by using swift codes. Almost has been The registers made in cyber cafรฉ assisted in identifying the accused in the case. Almost 17 accused were arrested.
Conclusion
Trail for this case is not completed, its pending trial in the court.
Case no:3 Creating Fake Profile (Andhra Pradesh)
The next case is of creating fake profile. This case is happened in Andhra Pradesh. The complainant received obscene email from unknown email IDs. The suspect also noticed that obscene profiles and pictures are posted in matrimonial sites.
Investigation Process
The investigators collect the original email of the suspect and determine its IP address. From the IP address he could confirm the internet service provider, and its leads the investigating officer to the accused house. Then they search the accused house and seized a desktop computer and a handicam. By analysing and examining the desktop computer and handicam they find the obscene email and they find an identical copy of the uploaded photos from the handicam. The accused was the divorced husband of the suspect.
Conclusion
Based on the evidence collected from the handicam and desktop computer charge sheet has been filed against accused and case is currently pending trial.
Hacking is a widespread crime nowadays due to the rapid development of the computer technologies. In order to protect from hacking there are numerous brand new technologies which are updated every day, but very often it is difficult to stand the hackerโs attack effectively.ย With some of these case studies, one is expected to learn about the cause and effect of hacking and then evaluate the whole impact of the hacker on the individual or the organization.
Treating illness by using tools to remove or manipulate parts of the human body is an old idea. Even the minor operations carried high risks, but that doesnโt mean all early surgery failed. Indian doctors, at the beginning centuries before the birth of Christ, successfully removed tumors and performed amputations and other operations. They developed dozens of metal tools, relied on alcohol to dull the patient, and controlled bleeding with hot oil and tar. The 20th century brought even more radical change through technology. Advances in fiber optic technology and the miniaturization of video equipment have revolutionized surgery. The laparoscopy is the James Bond like gadget of the surgeonโs repertoire of instruments. Only a small incision through the patientโs abdominal wall is made into which the surgeon puffs carbon dioxide to open up the passage.
Using a laparoscope, a visual assessment and diagnosis, and even surgery causes less physiological damage, reduces patientโs pain and speeds their recovery leading to shorter hospital stays. In the early 1900s, Germanyโs George Kelling developed a surgical technique in which he injected air into the abdominal cavity and inserted a cytoscope โ a tube like viewing scope to assess the patientโs innards. In late 1901, he began experimenting and successfully peered into a dogโs abdominal cavity using the technique. Without cameras, laparoscopyโs use limited to diagnostic procedures carried out by gynecologists and gastroenterologists.
By the 1980s, improvements in miniature video devices and fiber optics inspired surgeons to embrace minimally invasive surgery. In 1996, the first live broadcast of a laparoscopy took place. A year later, Dr. J. Himpens used a computer controlled robotic system to aid in laparoscopy. This type of surgery is now used for gallbladder removal as well as for the diagnosis and surgeries of fertility disorder, cancer, and hernias.
Hypothermia is a drop in body temperature significantly below normal can be life threatening, as in the case of overexposure to severe wintry conditions. But in some cases, like that of Kevin Everett of the buffalo bills, hypothermia can be lifesaver. Everett fell to the ground with a potentially crippling spinal cord injury during a 2007 football game. Doctors treating him on the field immediately injected his body with a cooling fluid. At the hospital, they inserted a cooling catheter to lower his body temperature by roughly five degrees, at the same time proceeding with surgery to fix his fractured spine. Despite fears that he would be paralyzed, Everett has regained his ability to walk, and advocates of therapeutic hypothermia feel his lowered body temperature may have made the difference.
Robotic surgery allows surgeonsย to perform complex rectal cancer surgery
Therapeutic hypothermia is still a controversial procedure. The side effects of excessive cooling include heart problems, blood clotting, and increased infection risk. On the other hand, supporters claim, it slows down cell damage, swelling, and other destructive processes well enough that it can mean successful surgery after a catastrophic injury. Surgical lasers can generate heat up to 10,000ยฐF on a pinhead size spot, sealing blood vessels and sterilizing. Surgical robots and virtual computer technology are changing medical practice. Robotic surgical tools increase precision. In 1998, heart surgeons at Parisโs Broussais hospital performed the first robotic surgery. New technology allows an enhanced views and precise control of instruments.
โAfter a complex laparoscopic operation, the 65-year-old patient was home in time for dinnerโ. โ Elisa Birnbaum, surgeon
Imagine that one day our Ozone layer was disappeared. What will happen? How long can we survive without it? The Ozone layer is a region of Earthโs atmosphere that contains a high concentration of Ozone (O3). Ozone is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms. It is found in the lower portion of Earthโs atmosphere. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sunโs ultraviolet rays. Direct exposure to UV rays can cause serious skin problems including sun burn, skin cancer, premature ageing of the skin, solar elastosis. It can also cause eye problems and can ruin our immune system.
ย ย The depletion of ozone layer was first observed by a Dutch chemist Paul crutzen. He described the Ozone depletion by demonstrating the reaction of nitrogen oxide with oxygen atoms which slowing the creation of Ozone (O3). Later in 1974, American chemists Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland observed that chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) molecules emitted by man-made machines like refrigerators, air conditioners and airplanes could be the major source of chlorine in the atmosphere. One chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules.
Not all chlorine molecules contribute to ozone layer depletion; chlorine from swimming pool, sea salt, industrial plants, and volcanoes does not reach the stratosphere. The ozone hole in Antarctica is one of the largest and deepest depletion which was discovered by the British scientists. This became worldwide headlines after that. According to NASA scientist Paul Newman, if this depletion continues in this rate our ozone layer can be likely disappeared in 2065. If that happens UV rays from sun directly reach earth and cause severe health issues, Humans can last 3 months and plants may die in 2 weeks because of heavy UV radiation. Thus Earth will become inhabitable.
ย Fortunately in 1987, Montreal protocol was made that bans chlorofluorocarbon and other chemicals that cause ozone depletion. Surprisingly it works, researches made in 2018 tells that the ozone layer is repairing itself at a rate of 1% to 3% per decade since 2000. Still it will take at least 50 years for complete recovery. The greenhouse effect allows the short wave radiation of sunlight to pass through the atmosphere to earthโs surface but makes it difficult for heat in the form of long wave radiation to escape. This effect blankets the earth and keeps our planet at a reasonable temperature to support life. Earth radiated energy, of which about 90 percent is absorbed by atmospheric gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and others. Absorbed energy is radiated back to the surface and warms earthโs lower atmosphere.
The gases have come to be called greenhouse gases because they hold in light and heat, just as a greenhouse does for the sake of the plants inside. Greenhouse gases are essential to life, not only at an appropriate balance point. These gases increased during the 20th century due to industrial activity and fossil fuel emissions. For example, the concentration of carbon dioxide I the atmosphere have recently been growing by about 1.4 percent annually. This increase in greenhouse gases is one of the contributors to be observed patterns of global warming. On September 16th world ozone day, we can celebrate our success. But we must all push to keep hold of these gains, in particular by remaining vigilant and tackling any illegal sources of ozone depleting substances as they arise, says UN ozone-secretariat. So without the Montreal protocol, life on earth could be a question mark, so keep working hard. โOZONE FOR LIFEโ.
An agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and involves farming methods such crop rotation and companion planting is Organic Farming. The term ‘Organic’ was popularized by Howard and Rodale. This type of farming is inclusive of usage of biodiversity, while preserving natural resources and ensuring animal welfare. Organic Farming is highly beneficial in all terms.
BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FARMING
MAINTAINS PURITY OF WATER
An extensive use of chemical pesticides and insecticides, contributes in polluting water bodies and underground water. Organic farming replaces such toxic substances with natural fertilizers such as manure, compost, animal waste, which help in soil retention and quality. In places where, the incidences of water pollution are more, organic farming must be brought into practice.
PRODUCTION OF HEALTHY FOOD
Organic Farming enhances the nutrients in the soil because use of toxic elements is prohibited. The quality of food is determined with the amount of vitamins and minerals that are embedded in it. Organic food is much richer in nutrients than food grown through conventional methods.
POCKET FRIENDLY
Organic food products are not grown with the use of inputs like expensive pesticides, chemicals, insecticide sprays, etc. Instead, it makes use of everything that is available naturally with no or minimal capital cost. There is yet a buzz that Organic products are costly, which is not true.
SAFE TO PRACTICE
Organic Farming is safe to practice than conventional methods. Annually 44% of the world’s farming population dies, due to poisoning while using harmful pesticides. Farmers are routinely exposed to high levels of pesticides, usually much greater than those of consumers. Farmers’ exposure mainly occurs during the preparation and application of the pesticide spray solutions and during the cleaning-up of spraying equipment. But, Organic farming is very safe to practice because of it’s natural methods.
BETTER TASTE
Farmers producing organic farm products are extremely careful about the quality of their soil and do practice soil care methods. Soil with high nutritional value tends to produce better farm products. Chefs and food experts actually do believe that organic farm products taste much better than the conventional ones.
METHODS OF ORGANIC FARMING
Vermicomposting
Green Manures
Animal Manures
Crop Rotation
Livestock Management
Soil Supervision
Weed Control
Genetic Modification
Hence, in conclusion, we can state that, Organic Farming is the best alternative for traditional farming. There are so many positives to Organic Farming. Today, Organic Agriculture is practiced in 187 countries by about 1.3 million farmers globally. Environmental consciousness has further given rise to the practice of Organic Farming.
A club or society exists to enable one to pursue a specific activity. The opportunity to participate in a particular activity is the main reason that attracts people to a club or society. A camera club offers its members information and know – how regarding the art of photography, a scout troop pursues outdoor activities and a computer club allows its members to learn the intricacies and Marvels of the modern – age computer. Each person is a unique being and has different likes and dislikes. Some people would prefer to go swimming than staring at a video display. Yet other may prefer to read a book quietly than to kick a football. Thus we have dozens of clubs and societies in school as well as outside that cater to our varied tastes and fancies. Besides enabling us to do the things that interest us, a club also provides us the opportunity to meet others , to socialize and develop our own character. For example, a martial arts club teaches its particular form of self – defense. There, a member learns the skills and techniques taught in the club. More importantly he learns to discipline himself. The martial arts is not just learning how to knock down the other guy. On the contrary, it teaches one to exercise self – control and develop respect for his opponents. Those who learn this, stay long with the club; those who don’t soon become disillusioned and leave.So, it is with other clubs. Some members learn and grow with the club. They are the ones who will benefit. Some inevitably leave to pursue other activities in other clubs.I must admit that our age plays a great part in our decision to join a club.When I was a young boy, being a club member seemed like the greatest thing on earth. Later on, my interests grew and being a scout became the most important thing in my life. Now, almost at the end of my school days, those feelings have more or less vanished . Club scouts are just happy memories , never to be relived again. Now computers and astronomy seem infinitely more interesting . After that I cannot even imagine what will catch my fancy. A club that can carry out its intended purpose is a club worth joining. However, many clubs become the victims of squabbles and infighting among its members.The struggle for power is indeed a common thing. It is also the cause of break – ups and failures in the club. To be with a group of people sharing a common interesting activity is the most pleasant experience , so long as the group keeps doing so. It is unfortunate that often, some members of the group will make a grab for power. The will to dominate others rears its ugly head. The moment somebody makes the move, others will follow and soon a struggle for power consumes everyone and the original activity of the club is forgotten. When this happens , it is time for me to leave. I do not like to involve myself in the club politics. I joined the club to pursue an activity that I like, not to quarrel with other people. As age has mellowed my attiy , I find that I can pursue a lot of interesting things on my own. I don’t have to necessarily join a club to do them. I can play badminton in my friend’s court with a few other friends. I can take pictures without having to join a photographic club. I can go swimming in the sea instead of a club’s swimming pool. Granted that I will miss out on a lot of things a club has to offer, but at least I will be spared the agony of strained relationships. The wisest thing to do then would be to join a club only when it is necessary to do so. Otherwise, it would be far better to do things on your own or with a few friends.
Shillong is a hill station in the northeastern part of India and the capital of Meghalaya, which means “The Abode of Clouds”. It is the headquarters of the East Khasi Hills district. Shillong is the 330th most populous city in India with a population of 143,229 according to the 2011 census. It is said that the rolling hills around the town reminded the British of Scotland. Hence, they would also refer to it as the “Scotland of the East”.
Shillong has steadily grown in size since it was made the civil station of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills in 1864 by the British. In 1874, on the formation of Assam as the Chief Commissioner’s Province, it was chosen as the headquarters of the new administration because of its convenient location between the Brahmaputra and Surma valleys and more so because the climate of Shillong was much cooler than tropical India. Shillong remained the capital of undivided Assam until the creation of the new state of Meghalaya on 21 January 1972, when Shillong became the capital of Meghalaya, and Assam moved its capital to Dispur in Guwahati.
Shillong was capital for composite Assam during the British regime and later till a separate State of Meghalaya was formed. David Scott, the British civil servant of the East India Company, was the Agent of the Governor-General North East Frontier. During the First Anglo-Burmese War the British authorities felt the need for a road to connect Sylhet and Assam. The route was to traverse across the Khasi and Jaintia Hills. David Scott overcame the difficulties his administration faced from the opposition of the Khasi Syiems โ their chiefs and people. Impressed by the favourable cool climate of Khasi Hills, they negotiated with the Syiem of Sohra in 1829 for a sanatorium for the British.
Places to visit
SHILLONG PEAK
At a distance of 10 km from the city and at a height of 6449 ft (1965 m) above sea level, this is the highest point of Shillong. It offers a breathtaking panoramic view of the entire city, the Himalayas, its waterfalls as well as of the Bangladesh plains. A beautiful place to spend a day.
LADY HYDARI PARK
A very popular tourist spot in Shillong, the park is dedicated to the first lady of the province – Lady Hydari. This sprawling park, located in the heart of the city encompasses a wide variety of flora along with a mini zoo housing 73 species of birds and over 100 reptiles. The beautiful bed of flowers is the highlight of the park.
DAINTHLEN FALLS
Just before reaching Sohra, a road to the right leads one to the falls which are 5 km away. The waterfall derives its name from a Then or a snake of gigantic size which dwelt in a cave. Legend has it that the people destroyed the snake to rid themselves of its reign of terror. Adjacent to the very spot where the Thlen was slaughtered lies the Dainthlen Waterfalls. Natural rock carvings of the episode draw visitors to see the image of the Thlen, the symbol of greed, corruption, and evil.
Elephant Falls
Named after an Elephant like stone at its base, the Elephant Falls are amongst the most popular falls in the North-East, situated close to Shillong. It is a tourist attraction with three layers of the falls accessible from different vantage points.
Each one of us is born unique. There are no two persons who are exactly alike. Yet, despite our unique individuality , we constantly become slaves to whatever that is currently in fashion. As a result, even though we are different, we strive to dress Alike , use the same slangs , eat the same food and share the same hobbies . So much so, that many times even our thought and behaviour patterns are also governed by the ruling fashion – rage. Then in the midst of such mental slavery , if a bright individual strikes out on his own in another direction, then others see him, admire him and then join him. It becomes fashionable to be like him.His individuality gives birth to another fashion statement. Before the emergence of ‘rock and roll’ in the fifties , it was fashionable to listen to melodious music and to dance the rhumba.It was the in thing then. However, such a fashion could not last forever. Elvis Presley and the other rockers burst into the scene and created an uproar. Youngsters started wearing drain – pipe trousers and did slicked-back hair. Leather jackets and steel – studded shoes became the vogue.Every young boy wanted to be Elvis. The sale of guitars shot up. Slavery to the Elvis trend bred young rebels. However, these young rebels , in the process of asserting their individuality , rather became slaves to rock and roll .These rock and roll slaves can still be seen around , even though now they have gone bald and their grandchildren rebel against their drain – pipe trousers. ‘ Be a rebel ‘ – again became a style statement in the sixties when the hippies and the flower people made the taking of marijuana (ganja) and LSD the fashionable thing to do. Gurus – real and false – appeared all over the place. The ‘in’ thing was to go against the establishment and social order. It was fashionable to dress in rags and have babies out of wedlock . Nobody over thirty was trusted . It was the age of long hair and to get ‘ stoned’ was considered cool. The hippies have more or less faded from the scene. They are no longer fashionable . However, they left behind a drug culture that continued till the eighties.In fact, even today, drug menace is one of the greatest scourges of the present world.It is still fashionable to take drugs – despite its devastating effects. Anybody who gets addicted to drugs is doomed to a life of hell. Unless he can get rid of his addiction , there is not much hope for him. For society as a whole, unless drug – taking goes out of the fashion , addicts will abound and the associated problems will persist. Thus we can see the impact of a powerful drive of fashion. One fashion paves the way for its successor and the chain goes on endlessly . Though with time, fashion style keeps changing , but fashion maniacs are forever caught by the claws of current trend. In the process of trying to be different from others , fashion enthusiasts end up becoming replicas of one another. Only a rare succeed in retaining the originality of their personality. So, next time you take a trip to town , reflect on the clothes you are going to eat, the things you are going to buy and the thoughts you are thinking . Notice how many of these things are influenced by the current wave of fashion. See if you can find anything you can genuinely call your own.
Leonardoโs genius went beyond art and paintings, he shared just as much of a connection with science as he did with his art if not more. His contribution to science and scientific inventions were most probably a result of his artistic abilities.ย ย ย ย ย ย ย
Leonardo studied anatomy, botany, light, chemistry, astronomy, mathematics, to name a few without receiving any sort of formal education. ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย
Leonardo kept a log of his ideas, observations, and scientific drawings. According to him science and art shared a resemblance with each other which is quite evident from his journals that seem to blend art and science together.
FACTOID Leonardo sometimes wrote from right to left because he was a lefty. Therefore most of his writing is in mirror image.
Leonardo learned the basics of anatomy and the human body when he was working for Verrocchio. Leonardo dissected about 30 human corpses in his lifetime. The hospitals in Italy let him continue his studies for research purposes after he established himself as a great artist.
In his dissection studies, he would pull on different muscles to see the effect it would have on the movement of other muscles. His anatomy research also included his studies of facial features. He studied the changes that different emotions caused in the facial features and those of people with a facial deformity or a sickness as well. He studied the human skeleton and pointed out that the sacrum (a bony structure in the vertebral column) is a fusion of 5 bones, which now holds to be true. He did all of this back then, when relatively close to no resources existed.
He studied the human heart and figured out how the valves of the heart work but couldnโt figure out the whole circulation system. In 2005, a heart surgeon in The UK took aid from Leonardoโs journals of the human heart. His studies are being used by top surgeons in the 21st century, over 500 years later.
Leonardo da Vinci was granted the permission to perform his experiments and do all this research after establishing himself as a profound artist during that time. The hospital gave him corpses to dissect and so he did.
Leonardoโs journals contain drawings of some flying machines that he was working on at that time. One such machine had wings that resembled the wings of a bat. Though his drawings were not fully correct and would not have worked in practicality, it is still exceptional that a man like him without major resources could do so much.
His journals contain much more than whatever has been mentioned so far and will probably remain alien to the world or even if someone is able to somehow get their hands on said journal will also need the intellect to understand it.
Leonardo was much more than an artist but sadly thatโs exactly what most people know him as. His ability to blend art and science made him extremely special. Imagine the things he could have achieved if he were born in todayโs time. We would know so much more about the things unknown to mankind. He was an artist ahead of his time and needs to be recognized not just for his art but his true genius.
One of the many paintings that Leonardo left unfinished, that is a skill all artists possess. The painting portrays the Virgin Mary with her chid and the Magi (the three wise men who paid homage to Jesus as the king of Jews) kneeling in adoration in front of them. Behind them, some ruins along with a few horsemen that appear to be fighting and a palm tree which holds a significance in the Bible.
This unfinished masterpiece now resides at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy.
The Last Supper is a mural painting that depicts Jesus having his last supper (the last meal of Jesus with his disciples in Jerusalem before he was arrested and crucified). In the painting, Jesusโ Apostles can be seen reacting to him saying โone of you will betray meโ, โone of youโ, referring to one of his apostles.ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย This was painted by Leonardo in the late 15th century and started to deteriorate quite quickly, due to humidity and the painting techniques used by the artist. It took a long time to restore this painting with the final restoration being done in 1999 and was then returned back to where it belongs- Convent of Santa Maria Delle Grazie in Milan, Italy.
In this painting, Leonardo shows Jesus wearing a robe, with the fingers of his right hand forming a cross pointing upwards while holding a crystal ball in his left. ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย
This painting was sold for $450 million to Badr Bin Abdullah, a Saudi minister, in 2017. ย What makes it worth $450 million? ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย
Well, you see no piece of art is only famous for its artistic grandeur, most pieces of art involved in some sort of controversy have a tendency to embark themselves in textbooks. Salvator Mundi went through itโs fair share of controversies. There were multiple times since the birth of this painting when it was thought to be destroyed. The painting vanished from the public eye in the year 1763 and was found in the 1900s in a rather impaired condition. Then in 2005, a group of individuals bought this painting for about $10,000 and was densely overpainted which made it look like a knock-off. Dianne Dwyer Modestini was given the job to restore this painting and the process came to an end around 2010.ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย
Even now, theories exist about the whereabouts of this piece which adds to the fascination.
One of the greatest paintings to ever be painted. Mona Lisa is a portrait painting of an Italian woman Lisa Gherardini painted in the early 1500s. The painting shows the woman looking directly at the observer. The woman in the painting possesses a certain amount of poise and grace. The landscape shown by Leonardo looks very surreal making the painting all the more captivating. The ladyโs smile has been a subject of discussion among art lovers but a 2003 study suggested that the smile vanishes when you look directly at her mouth and reappears when you observe the face as a whole.ย Leonardo used a technique called โsfumatoโ with this one which is a technique involving the blending of colors into one another making the transition between different tones easier and giving life to the painting. ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย Mona Lisa is housed by the Louvre museum in France
India is a country that gloats of a rich culture. The way of life of India alludes to an assortment of minor one of a kind societies. The way of life of India contains clothing, celebrations, dialects, religions, music, dance, food, and workmanship in India. Generally significant, Indian culture has been affected by a few unfamiliar societies since its commencement. Additionally, the historical backdrop of India’s way of life is a few centuries old.
As a matter of first importance, Indian beginning religions are Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. These religions depend on karma and dharma. Besides, these four are called as Indian religions. Indian religions are a significant class of world religions alongside Abrahamic religions. Additionally, numerous unfamiliar religions are available in India also. These unfamiliar religions incorporate Abrahamic religions. The Abrahamic religions in India unquestionably are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Other than Abrahamic religions, Zoroastrianism and Bahรก’รญ Faith are the other unfamiliar religions which exist in India. Subsequently, the presence of such countless assorted religions has brought about resilience and secularism in Indian culture.
Indian culture has been a motivation to numerous essayists. India is unquestionably an image of solidarity all throughout the planet. Indian culture is unquestionably exceptionally complicated. Moreover, the origination of Indian personality represents specific challenges. In any case, regardless of this, a normal Indian culture exists. The production of this average Indian culture results from some inside powers. Most importantly, these powers are a strong Constitution, general grown-up establishment, mainstream strategy, adaptable government structure, and so on Indian culture is portrayed by a severe social progression. Besides, Indian kids are shown their jobs and spot in the public eye since the beginning. Presumably, numerous Indians accept that divine beings and spirits play a part in deciding their life. Prior, customary Hindus were separated into dirtying and non-contaminating occupations. Presently, this distinction is declining. Indian culture is surely exceptionally different. Likewise, Indian kids learn and acclimatize in the distinctions. In ongoing many years, enormous changes have occurred in Indian culture. Most importantly, these progressions are female strengthening, westernization, a decay of odd notion, higher proficiency, further developed instruction, and so on
To summarize it, the way of life of India is probably the most established culture in the World. Most importantly, numerous Indians till adhere to the conventional Indian culture regardless of quick westernization. Indians have exhibited solid solidarity regardless of the variety among them. Solidarity in Diversity is a definitive mantra of Indian culture.
Happiness is something which we can’t portray in words it must be felt from somebody’s demeanor of a grin. Moreover, bliss is a sign or distinguishing proof of good and prosperous life. Satisfaction is exceptionally easy to feel and hard to portray. In addition, joy comes from the inside and nobody can take your satisfaction.
Consistently we see and meet individuals who look glad from the outside yet where it counts they are broken and are dismal from within. For some individuals, cash is the fundamental driver of satisfaction or sadness. In any case, this isn’t right. Cash can purchase you food, sumptuous house, sound way of life workers, and a lot more offices however cash can’t purchase you bliss. What’s more, in the event that cash can purchase satisfaction, the rich would be the most joyful individual on the earth. However, we see an opposite picture of the rich as they are pitiful, unfortunate, restless, pushed, and experiencing different issues. Also, they have cash still they need public activity with their family particularly their spouses and this is the fundamental driver of separation among them. Additionally, because of cash, they feel uncertainty that everybody is after their cash so to protect their cash and them they employ security. While the state of the poor is the exact inverse. They don’t have cash however they are content with and tranquil from these issues.
As we presently realize that we can’t accepting bliss with cash and there could be no other easy route to satisfaction. It is something that you feel from the inside. Likewise, genuine satisfaction comes from inside yourself. Satisfaction is fundamentally a perspective. Besides, it must be accomplished by being positive and staying away from any bad idea as a main priority. Also, assuming we check out the splendid side of ourselves no one but, we can be glad.
To finish up, we can say that bliss must be accomplished by having positive reasoning and appreciating life. Additionally, for being cheerful and keeping individuals around us glad we need to foster a sound connection with them. Moreover, we additionally need to give them the appropriate time.
Reasearch says, about 7 lac people die of suicide annually, with approximately 132 suicides daily. An alarming rate, isn’t it? At times, we as humans may fail to understand what another individual might be facing. For every death by suicide, there are many more people who attempt it. Globally, ingestion of toxic substances, hanging and firearms are the most common methods of committing a suicide.
Emile Durkheim, a French sociologist and scholar, identified four different types of Suicides. Durkheim stated that, there are no societies in this world, where suicides do not occur. It includes, Egoistic Suicide, Altruistic Suicide, Anomic Suicide and Fatalistic Suicide. We can understand the core of these four forms of suicide, with further expansion of each term.
1. EGOISTIC SUICIDE
Durkheim states, when a man becomes socially isolated or feels that he has no place in society, he destroys himself. It is committed by people in order to find a route of escape from loneliness and introversion. Such individuals are devoid of proper care and empathy from the people in their lives. They are not socialists, hence they find it difficult to mingle in groups. This leads them to feel unhappy, alone and helpless in this world. Cutting off from the mainstream is the main cause of suicide in this case.
EXAMPLE – Person A, is an employee of a firm and is working most of the time in his day. He does not mingle with his relatives and friends or attend any social functions. Due to this, the ties with his family members are getting estranged day after day. His spouse argues with him regarding the same complaints. He now begins to feel alone. Ultimately, there arrives a day when he’s fed up with all the querulous complaints and fights, thus takes his own life.
2. ALTRUISTIC SUICIDE
Durkheim states, it is a sacrifice of one’s life to save or benefit others, for the betterment of society. It is quite an opposite of Egoistic Suicide. An over integration with society may lead to extreme benevolence in an individual. The individual regards suicide as a sacrifice that he/she is making for the good of a group or society as a whole. People committing suicide due to such a reason may consider their act as courageous and selfless.
Example – In the olden times, Indian women used to lay themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands in order to follow the cultural rituals.
3. ANOMIC SUICIDE
Durkheim states, a moral confusion within an individual and inability to comprehend social direction may cause an upheaval in the life of an individual. An individual feels bewildered about the position that he holds in society and goes through a lack of self regulation. A sudden change in societal dimensions or ups and downs in a person’s personal life, may contribute to disappointment in his/her life.
Example – A once wealthy businessman, invests in a venture, but the venture fails miserably, he suffers a tremendous loss and goes bankrupt. Unable to deal with the sudden change in status and overall situation, he plans to end his life.
4. FATALISTIC SUICIDE
Durkheim states, Fatalistic suicide is caused from excessive regulation, that of persons with futures, pitilessly blocked and passions violently choked by oppressive discipline. Burden of mental and physical oppression by other people on oneself may lead to a constant feeling of hopelessness. Finding oneself under strict norms, rules, high civil expectations and regulations may lead to depression in oneself, eventually causing the person to end his/her life.
Example – A famous singer feels extremely conscious about her image in the society. She experiences a burden from society’s expectations from her and thus fears failure and poor performance. She fails to handle this undue pressure and has thoughts about ending her life.
In my opinion, suicides do have societal roots. The reason for any person to commit suicide does not solely lie with him, but with the society as well. We are all directly or indirectly dependent on each other for materialistic and emotional needs. Materialistic needs can be fulfilled in some or the other way but emotional needs rarely come to the forefront. Rightly approaching those experiencing stressful situations, intervening and empathizing can greatly contribute in prevention. Suicides are preventable, with individual, community and national support.
Leonardo da Vinci, a Renaissance man born in Italy in 1452, considered as one of the greatest painters the world has ever witnessed, was not just a painter but a man of great intellect. His scientific journals and studies way ahead of their time are to this date used by scientists to get a better understanding of them . In addition to being a painter, a sculptor, he was an anatomist and was well known in the field of engineering, architecture and astronomy as well. da Vinci was unmatched, the only artist who was able to get close to his art was the sculptor of the statue David Michelangelo. The fascinating thing is that he was able to do all this without being exposed to a speck of formal education or training in any field except in painting. He was taught how to read and do basic mathematics all the rest was his own creation.
Leonardo was a genius to say the least, he possessed curiosity ever so great. Maybe, this is what made him so great, his desire for knowledge.
His scientific evaluations and anatomic studies are very much evident in his paintings. He used his scientific knowledge to better himself as an artist, and so he did.
Here, we are going to take a look at a few of his paintings and some of his contributions in the milieu of science.
Leonardo da Vinci was born in a town in Vinci, Florence. His father was a Florence based legal notary and his mother belonged to a lower class. Not much is known about his family.
PAINTINGS
Leonardo is undoubtedly one of the greatest artists to have ever lived, but where did he start his artistic journey from?
Leonardo worked as an apprentice under Andrea del Verrocchio, an Italian painter, and sculptor of the 15th century. Leonardo first got introduced to Verrocchio at one of his workshops. He learned a plethora of skills by working for Verrocchio and later also collaborated with him for a painting called The Baptism of Christ around 1475.
Baptism of Christwas a collaborative effort of Andrea del Verrocchio and his student Leonardo da Vinci. This painting depicts Jesus being baptized (the Christian act of sprinkling water on someone, symbolizing purification), with two angels beside him, kneeling. The one performing Jesusโ baptism is John the Baptist, who can be seen with a golden cross and a halo over his head. The pair of hands shown above Jesusโ head is Godโs representing approval and acceptance. A dove can also be seen above Jesusโ head as well, symbolizing the Holy Spirit.
Saint Jerome in the Wilderness Another unfinished yet wonderful piece by da Vinci portrays Saint Jerome, a Latin priest in the Christian Church, in the middle of the desert, kneeling, looking fixedly upwards with his arm extending outwards. A lion can be seen resting on the ground looking at the Saint. The lionโs presence can be accounted for by the fact that Saint Jerome helped a lion that entered the monastery where he stayed once, by removing a thorn from the lionโs paw.
Leonardo used a method called tempera for this painting, which involves mixing of painting pigments with water-soluble emulsions, along with classic oil painting techniques.ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย
This painting is currently present at the Vatican museum in Rome.
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