A heallthy level of self respect enables you to have the confident to set firm boundaries .it means knowing what you stand for and what your values are,and being accepting both your strength and weakness .self respect is an inner quality that each individual must take time to develop .self respecf is defined as holding yourself in esteem and believing that you are good and worthy of being treated well.An example of self respect is when you know you deservd to be treated right an as a result you do not tolerate ithers lying to you or treating you unfairly.self respect means having confidence in yourself and behaving with grace,honour,and dignity.A person with self respect doesnt allow other to treat them badly ,and would rather not associate with.self respect is all about treating yourself the way you want others to treat you.

Marriage is a custom which is followed by every section of our society.. It is a tradition to connect two people with rituals performing at the marriage by the priest or their religious head. In India, Marriage holds a very high importance in everyone’s life. It is considered that marriage is not only of two people but of  two families. Families who connect with each other and have common view points. Everybody wants their daughter’s to get married to a person who is responsible, respectful and have money to fulfill their daughter’s wish. Instead of Parents forcing their child to get married, they should push them in the direction to pursue their career ahead and shine brightest among all .

Marriage is a responsibility which puts a lot of pressure on two young ones who are not at the stage of handling it. The Education makes us more qualified to know the difference between our responsibility and desire. It gives us a power to take right decisions at the right time. Since very long time girls in India were prepared to  make her groom and his family happy by being just a housewife.  They were not allowed to dream for what they want. It should be a girl’s choice either she wants to be a housewife or a working women. If we provide them support and love then they can reach several heights. In Today’s generation, Lots of young girls are pushing themselves and making a marks in their respective fields which no one expected them to achieve. Women has a lot of substance in themselves, who can make the world or break it. Life is all about accepting changes and moving ahead without thinking about what perception society will have about you.

Marriage is not the end of someone’s career. It is a desire of two individuals whether they want to spend their life together or not. If a man can pursue his dream even after marriage and children, then why not a women can do the same ? . It is a matter which most of us try to ignore and avoid, but We need to accept the reality of having a happy married life with achieving the best in our career too. Our dreams are not made to crush by the single decision of our life . It is our life to decide the future of it. Nobody has a right to choose what is better for us. Nobody’s permission is needed for young girls to fulfill their dreams. As It’s one life, live it to the fullest.

The Statue of Unity is a colossal statue of Indian statesman and independence activist Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950), who was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of independent India and an adherent of Mahatma Gandhi during the nonviolent Indian Independence movement. Patel was highly respected for his leadership in uniting 562 princely states of India with a major part of the former British Raj to form the single Union of India. The statue is located in the state of Gujarat, India. It is the world’s tallest statue with a height of 182 metres (597 feet).It is located on the Narmada River in the Kevadiya colony, facing the Sardar Sarovar Dam 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of the city of Vadodara and 150 kilometres (93 mi) from Surat. Kevadia railway station is located at a distance of just 5 kilometres from Statue of Unity.[5][6]Statue of Unity Statue of Unity.jpgStatue of Unity is located in GujaratStatue of Unity Location of the Statue of Unity in Gujarat Show map of Gujarat Show map of India Show allCoordinates21.8380°N 73.7191°E Location Narmada Valley Kevadiya colony, Narmada district, Gujarat, India Designer Ram V. Sutar Type Statue Material Steel framing, reinforced by concrete and brass coating, bronze cladding Height182 meters (597 ft)Visitors2.8 million (in 2018-19)Beginning date 31 October 2013Completion date 30 October 2018Opening date 31 October 2018Dedicated to Vallabhbhai PatelWebsitestatueofunity.inThe project was first announced in 2010 and the construction of the statue started in October 2013 by Larsen & Toubro, with a total construction cost of ₹2700 crore (₹27 billion; US$422 million).It was designed by Indian sculptor Ram V. Sutar, and was inaugurated by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 31 October 2018, the 143rd anniversary of Sardar Patel’s birth.

History:

Narendra Modi first announced the project to commemorate Vallabhbhai Patel on 7 October 2013 at a press conference to mark the beginning of his 10th year as the Chief Minister of Gujarat. At the time, the project was dubbed, “Gujarat’s tribute to the nation”.A separate Society named Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Rashtriya Ekta Trust (SVPRET) was formed under the chairmanship of the Chief minister, Government of Gujarat, to execute the project.An outreach drive named the Statue of Unity Movement was started to support the construction of the statue. It helped collect the iron needed for the statue by asking farmers to donate their used farming instruments. By 2016, a total of 135 metric tonnes of scrap iron had been collected and about 109 tonnes of it was used to make the foundation of the statue after processing.A marathon titled Run For Unity was held on 15 December 2013 in Surat and Vadodara in support of the project.

This story by Edgar Allan Poe, is a psychological story. It is an ambiguous investigation of a man’s paranoia. The story shows how the narrator stalks his victim as if he was an intelligent animal. There are times when Poe shows us that his character is worse than a beast as when he tortures the old man and slowly kills him. What makes the story more shocking is that the narrator tries to justify his actions, until he is finally caught.

The story begins with the narrator admitting that he is a very nervous person, whose senses are sharpened as a result of this nervousness. He can hear the smallest sounds even from heaven, hell and earth that normal people cannot hear. It is this over sensitivity that plays an important role in the story. Though he suffers from paranoia, he tells us that he is not mad. His actions on the other hand, prove otherwise. For example- the reason for which he wishes to kill the old man itself is stupid- he wants to kill him because he has a ‘vulture-like blue eye’ that scares him. Although he loves the old man as a person, he is obsessed with his eye, and is always planning out ways to kill him.

This whole plan to murder someone because of an eye shows us, that he is indeed mad. But the narrator goes on to say that one must not call this obsession madness, but rather, they must look at how wisely, and cleverly he plans the whole deed. Every night at twelve o’clock for 7 days, he would slowly open the door gently, and quietly enter the room. Because he is so careful, he sometimes takes up to an hour to go in. After that he would slowly open the lantern and let the light fall on the man’s face. But so far, when the light fell on his face, the eye was closed. So he let him live and pretended to continue their friendship as if nothing had happened.

On the eighth night, however, there is a change. When the narrator opens the lantern, he makes a sound that wakes up the old man.  Because of the darkness, the old man cannot see anyone in the room. Though he sees that no one moves, he cannot go back to sleep. He has become like the narrator, paranoid, and seems to hear every little sound. As the old man lies awake, the narrator decides it is time to check once again, and so he comes out of the dark, and opens the lantern. The light falls on the man’s ‘vulture-eye’, and this makes him angry ad violent. In this state of madness he can hear the sound of a beating heart. It is here that we have our first ambiguity about ‘whose heart does he hear?’ It is a well known fact that in moments of stress and fear one’s own heartbeat increases so rapidly that we feel every beat. So, does the narrator hear his own heart beat or the old man’s?

As he waits, the heartbeat seems to become louder. Afraid that this sound will wake the neighbours the narrator drags the old man to the floor and suffocates him with the mattress. When he is dead, he narrator is happy that the eye will not torment him anymore. He cuts up the body into pieces and hides it under the floor boards of the room itself. As he does this he is very happy. He has succeeded.

But just as he finished his work the door bell rings at 4 A.M. The police were there to investigate some noises that the neighbours heard coming from the house. The narrator lets them in, completely sure that they cannot suspect him as he has not left any evidence. He even leads them to the old man’s room, in a fit of madness, and asks them to sit there and have a drink with him.

But all the time, the narrator can hear the beating sound of a heart, growing louder and louder in his ears. He wonders how the policemen cannot hear anything- and if they are only pretending they cannot hear it. He becomes more and more paranoid, and his common sense too leaves him. Eventually the guilt of what he had done, makes him shout out that he killed the old man and buried his body parts in the room.

The story is a study of character. But it is also a story of horror and suspense. The actions and the images used are scary and are meant to evoke horror. This kind of story is of the genre called Gothic, a style of writing that was very famous during the 18th and 19th centuries. Poe is one of the most famous Gothic story writers. Gothic writing is characterised by concepts like  darkness, death and dying, alienation and isolation, madness, violence, horror and inhumanity  in the behaviour of one person toward another or within an individual himself. In Tell Tale Heart, the narrator is the character whose actions are a representation of these concepts. ‘Darkness’ is both literal (the room is dark when the killing happens) and metaphorical ( his mind is full of darkness/evil). It is in darkness that the narrator kills the old man, using such violent means (suffocation) bringing into the story the concept of Death and Dying.

Alienation and isolation too have both literal and symbolic meanings – the two men are both alone in their home; they are separated from society because the man is old, and the narrator has mental issues. The most important element of the Gothic though, is the element of violence, horror and inhumanity. The narrator first plays with the old man (inhumanity), arouses his fear and paranoia, and only then kills him using the most violent of means – suffocation. To make matters worse, he laughs while cutting up the body and burying it in the same room. But, according to Poe, all these actions are the result of madness and psychotic behaviour. This behaviour makes the narrator dangerous as his thoughts and his actions are unpredictable and without sense.

Yet he is a character with a guilty conscience that shows itself in his hearing of the beating heart- not that of the old man, but his own, telling us that he feels excited to kill the old man, but is also guilty. It forces him to confess to betray his own actions to the police.

 

The short Story, The Fawn was written The Fawn by the famous Indian Short Story writer, Khushwant Singh. Known famously for his wit and comical satire, this is a story that speaks of his love and empathy for nature and its inhabitants. It is also a scathing indictment of man and his so called humanity.

By contrasting the maternal feelings of the doe with the murderous desire of the hunter, Singh is trying to show us how sometimes man is worse than an animal itself.

The main characters of the story are two hunters who have gone for a weekly hunt to the village, so that they can get away from the monotony of a busy city life. The narrator feels that all his actions are ruled by the watch and so finds it impossible to live his life to the fullest. He has come hunting , not to kill, but just to enjoy the beauty of nature and the peaceful country life.

The other hunter, however, is much more involved in hunting. He has a terrible family life in the city, having being forced to take care of a number of step mothers, brothers and sisters, whom he hates. The frustration he feels in his personal life finds an outlet in hunting. The anger and hate that he cannot show towards his family, he shows on the animals he hunts. He hunts only for sport, and does not feel any sadness or empathy for nature.

The two hunters had planned to hunt birds, but unfortunately there were no more as another party had been there before them. So they decided to hunt deer. But because of the location of the deer on an open field they were easily seen, and the deer all ran away. Their expedition began at dawn, yet it was only in the afternoon that they actually got a chance to shoot something. As they were walking by a forest, a doe ran into their path. But it stopped halfway and turned around as if waiting for something. The other hunter realised that there was a fawn nearby, and so they waited patiently. Suddenly, a fawn appeared walking unsteadily on its legs. The hunter fired 2 shots and wounded the fawn. But he did not stop there. He also took out a razor blade and cut the fawn’s throat, killing it.

All this was seen by the doe, who began to follow the hunters as they went back to their car with the fawn’s body. It was dusk, and though they were sharing a drink, the other hunter was well aware of the doe. Suddenly the narrator hears a shot and looks to the boot of the car, where the fawn’s head was hanging out, and saw that the mother had also been shot. The other hunter wasted no time in repeating his ritual of cutting the throat, with a great deal of happiness.

Thus Singh shows us how human beings behave towards animals. They look at nature and its inhabitants as only a source of fun. They are meant to be higher beings than animals because of their humanity, but unfortunately, they are more inhuman than human.

Leo Tolstoy is a Russian author, a master of realistic fiction and one of the world’s greatest novelists. He is best known for his two longest works, War and Peace and Anna Karenina. Tolstoy is the embodiment of nature and pure vitality, others saw him as the incarnation of the world’s conscience, but for almost all who knew him or read his works, he was not just one of the greatest writers who ever lived but a living symbol of the search for life’s meaning.

In Little Girls Wiser Than Men by Leo Tolstoy we have the theme of connection, friendship, fear, conflict, shame and control. Narrated in the third person by an unnamed narrator the reader realises from the beginning of the story that Tolstoy may be exploring the theme of connection. Both Akoulya and Malasha share a connection with each other something that Tolstoy may be highlighting through not only the fact that the girls are playing in the puddle together but also through how both girls are dressed. They are both wearing frocks that they do not wish to get dirty as they know that their mothers will scold them. It is also interesting that Malasha is afraid of how deep the puddle will be. Symbolically this may be important as the unknown depth of the puddle mirrors the unknown depths that Akoulya and Malasha’s parents will go to in order to resolve the dispute that occurs. Despite the incident of Malasha accidentally splashing Akoulya’s frock it would seem that the whole village is in uproar over something that seems to be very minor. This may be important as Tolstoy may be suggesting that at times people can get heated and hostile with others over minor or silly things. Which is very much the case in the story.

It may also be important that Tolstoy never names any of the parents as he could be suggesting that all parents have the ability to react as those in the story do. Regardless of what village, town, city or country they may live in. Parents will protect their own child and react negatively at times. Something that happens when Akoulya’s mother strikes Malasha on the neck. It is Akoulya’s mother’s reaction which escalates the situation and when the matter is not resolved by Akoulya and Malasha’s mothers their fathers intervene. While those in the village look on in amazement. If anything both sets of parents are acting more childish than Akoulya and Malasha. Yet at the time they do not recognise this due to the fact that they are angry over what has happened. Which again the reader must remember has been a minor incident that does not deserve the hostility the issue is being given. The fact that Akoulya’s mother strikes Malasha might also suggest that Akoulya’s mother has gone too far. She is basing her decision to hit Malasha on the fact that Akoulya has told her mother that what Malasha has done was done on purpose. When the reality is it was an accident.

The fact that tempers are heated throughout the story and the fact that the truth of what has happened is lost on everyone might also be important. As Tolstoy may be suggesting that people when angry can forget about the root cause of an argument. Rather than asking Malasha did she deliberately splash Akoulya’s frock everybody beings to argue and fight with one another. Believing one side of the story (Akoulya’s). It is also interesting that the only two people who seems to be practical in the story are Akoulya who cleans her frock and Akoulya’s grandmother by being the voice of reason. Everybody else is lost in an argument that does not need to happen. Nobody has been injured or hurt. All that has happened is that Akoulya’s frock has accidentally being dirtied by the water from the puddle. Throughout the story most of the characters are in conflict with one another and because they have lost control do not understand how minor the incident of the water on Akoulya’s frock is.

The end of the story is also interesting as both Akoulya and Malasha continue to play with each other despite the fact that everyone else is fighting with one another. Not only does this further suggest that both girls have a common bond or connection but it may also serve to highlight that the girls will not let the incident of the splashed water on Akoulya’s frock end their friendship. Despite everything they still remain friends. However the same can not necessarily be said for Akoulya and Malasha’s parents. It is only when Akoulya’s grandmother intervenes that both girls’ parents realise they are in the wrong. A petty argument between two friends has long been forgotten by the girls yet the men in the village very nearly came to blows over the incident. Tolstoy highlighting how quickly a minor incident can escalate into something more serious. It is also through the grandmother’s character that those who were about to physically fight each other realise that there is shame in what they are doing. Not only are they not setting a good example for their children but they are prepared to fight their neighbour. When the reality is that nobody has been hurt and there is no need to fight one another. Both sets of parents would do well to learn from Akoulya and Malasha. Just as they continue to remain as friends despite what has happened. So too should the parents. Rather than being quick to judge as Akoulya’s mother does Tolstoy might be suggesting it would be better for people to step back before they react.

Kamala Das is an Indian poet in English  well known  author in Malayalam from Kerala. She is  one of the most prominent feminist voices in the postcolonial era. On account of her extensive contribution to the poetry in our country, she earned the label ‘The Mother of Modern Indian English Poetry’. Some of her notable works in English are the novel Alphabet of Lust (1977), the collection of short stories Padmavati the Harlot and other stories (1992) and a compilation of her poetry Summer in Calcutta (1973).

Ammu, a small girl who talks of a village, which she visits during her summer vacation, is the narrator of the story ‘Summer Vacation’. It is her grandmother’s place. Ammu lost her mother. She is worried if her grandmother, Muthassi who is sixty-eight years old also would die and leave her. The story interweaves the bonding, affinity and affection between Ammu and Muthassi who belong to an upper class and the other mothers and their children who belong to the lower classes.

The various themes in the story are childhood, nostalgia, motherhood, fear of separation from loved ones and caste discrimination. The story opens with a description of a Nyaval tree. The narrator uses adjectives like “emaciated”, “bent” and “shrivelled up branches” to describe the tree, which work as foregrounding devices to show that Muthassi is growing old. The motherless Ammu looks at her ageing grandmother as a figure of her mother. She is worried if her grandmother would also die like her mother. Das thus brings out the fears, anxieties and insecurities in Ammu that come as filters between their close bonding. On the other hand, we see acceptance and matured outlook towards life and death in Muthassi.

Kamala Das draws out the theme of motherhood in different ways. She depicts the pride of the mother of simply owning a child through the words and actions of Bharati. The unruly, insensitive nature of the illiterate women is evident when a woman with greying hair takes pity on Ammu and says, ‘Poor Child! How can she know? Just think of her fate. So very sad” in response to Bharati when she says, “No one loves a child more than its own mother does.” In their house, Muthassi asks Ammu to have her snacks in the kitchen itself. When Ammu asks if she can have her milk with others in the ‘Tekkini’, she bluntly replies, “No, That’s the way I want it done. That’s all”. Thus, Muthassi turns out to be a protective mother who does not want the child to be hurt in anyway.

Another interesting woman character through whom we can see a different way of raising up a child is Nani Amma, a maid who belongs to the lower strata of the society. Das compares the various attitudes of women towards motherhood and gives a detailed account of their mother-daughter relationships. Nani Amma is a woman who pounds rice at homes for her living. She has a five-year old daughter Amini. Class discrimination is seen when Muthassi says that she can’t allow her to come and grind whenever she wants money. Ammu who is of the same age as Amini just observes how Nani Amma caresses her daughter, which she feels she lacks in her own life.

Social hierarchy in terms of economy is evident when Nani Amma says, “We are poor people child and you are rich” in a shaky voice when Ammu accuses her of stealing the tamarind.

When it is time for Ammu to leave the place, she feels even more distanced from her grandmother. Death is a recurring theme in the story. Ammu is worried about death and the fear lingers in her heart about Muthassi. Despite the differences in caste and status, the love of the mother for her child is undying. The theme of motherhood and fear of death of our loved ones are evident from these characters in the story.

Little Girls Wiser Than Men

Leo Tolstoy is a Russian author, a master of realistic fiction and one of the world’s greatest novelists. He is best known for his two longest works, War and Peace and Anna Karenina. Tolstoy is the embodiment of nature and pure vitality, others saw him as the incarnation of the world’s conscience, but for almost all who knew him or read his works, he was not just one of the greatest writers who ever lived but a living symbol of the search for life’s meaning.

In Little Girls Wiser Than Men by Leo Tolstoy we have the theme of connection, friendship, fear, conflict, shame and control. Narrated in the third person by an unnamed narrator the reader realises from the beginning of the story that Tolstoy may be exploring the theme of connection. Both Akoulya and Malasha share a connection with each other something that Tolstoy may be highlighting through not only the fact that the girls are playing in the puddle together but also through how both girls are dressed. They are both wearing frocks that they do not wish to get dirty as they know that their mothers will scold them. It is also interesting that Malasha is afraid of how deep the puddle will be. Symbolically this may be important as the unknown depth of the puddle mirrors the unknown depths that Akoulya and Malasha’s parents will go to in order to resolve the dispute that occurs. Despite the incident of Malasha accidentally splashing Akoulya’s frock it would seem that the whole village is in uproar over something that seems to be very minor. This may be important as Tolstoy may be suggesting that at times people can get heated and hostile with others over minor or silly things. Which is very much the case in the story.

It may also be important that Tolstoy never names any of the parents as he could be suggesting that all parents have the ability to react as those in the story do. Regardless of what village, town, city or country they may live in. Parents will protect their own child and react negatively at times. Something that happens when Akoulya’s mother strikes Malasha on the neck. It is Akoulya’s mother’s reaction which escalates the situation and when the matter is not resolved by Akoulya and Malasha’s mothers their fathers intervene. While those in the village look on in amazement. If anything both sets of parents are acting more childish than Akoulya and Malasha. Yet at the time they do not recognise this due to the fact that they are angry over what has happened. Which again the reader must remember has been a minor incident that does not deserve the hostility the issue is being given. The fact that Akoulya’s mother strikes Malasha might also suggest that Akoulya’s mother has gone too far. She is basing her decision to hit Malasha on the fact that Akoulya has told her mother that what Malasha has done was done on purpose. When the reality is it was an accident.

The fact that tempers are heated throughout the story and the fact that the truth of what has happened is lost on everyone might also be important. As Tolstoy may be suggesting that people when angry can forget about the root cause of an argument. Rather than asking Malasha did she deliberately splash Akoulya’s frock everybody beings to argue and fight with one another. Believing one side of the story (Akoulya’s). It is also interesting that the only two people who seems to be practical in the story are Akoulya who cleans her frock and Akoulya’s grandmother by being the voice of reason. Everybody else is lost in an argument that does not need to happen. Nobody has been injured or hurt. All that has happened is that Akoulya’s frock has accidentally being dirtied by the water from the puddle. Throughout the story most of the characters are in conflict with one another and because they have lost control do not understand how minor the incident of the water on Akoulya’s frock is.

The end of the story is also interesting as both Akoulya and Malasha continue to play with each other despite the fact that everyone else is fighting with one another. Not only does this further suggest that both girls have a common bond or connection but it may also serve to highlight that the girls will not let the incident of the splashed water on Akoulya’s frock end their friendship. Despite everything they still remain friends. However the same can not necessarily be said for Akoulya and Malasha’s parents. It is only when Akoulya’s grandmother intervenes that both girls’ parents realise they are in the wrong. A petty argument between two friends has long been forgotten by the girls yet the men in the village very nearly came to blows over the incident. Tolstoy highlighting how quickly a minor incident can escalate into something more serious. It is also through the grandmother’s character that those who were about to physically fight each other realise that there is shame in what they are doing. Not only are they not setting a good example for their children but they are prepared to fight their neighbour. When the reality is that nobody has been hurt and there is no need to fight one another. Both sets of parents would do well to learn from Akoulya and Malasha. Just as they continue to remain as friends despite what has happened. So too should the parents. Rather than being quick to judge as Akoulya’s mother does Tolstoy might be suggesting it would be better for people to step back before they react.

Guy de Maupassant’s short story “The Necklace” was first published in the Paris newspaper “Le Gaulois” on February 17, 1884, and he was successfully incorporated into “Tales of Night,” his 1885 collection of short stories. “Like most Maupassant short fiction, it was an instantaneous achievement, and it has become his most widely read and anthologized story” Smith Christopher. TheDiamond Necklace describes Madame Loisel as beautiful and born into an average family. She is unsatisfied with her impoverished life and decides to borrow a diamond necklace from a former rich friend to fulfill her happiness. Maupassant presents the theme that one should be true to one’s self trough his use of situational irony by which he tells the story of Madame Loisel.

 

Maupassant describes Mathilde’s external conflicts in the story “The Necklace.” Though she is “pretty” and “charming”(1), she does not appreciate anything in life. She feels her life should have been blessed with wealth. Although her husband works at a ministry of education as a minor clerk, the money he is bringing to his wife is not enough for the kind of life Mathilde has always dreamed of. For instance, her vision is to “live in a mansion, dinning in famous restaurants, and dance among the riches” (1). She is embarrassed of her poor lifestyle, and decides not to invite any of her former friends who become rich to her home. Therefore, she suffers enormously because her whole life has been based on deficiency of luxury. The love of her husband Charles and the efforts he makes to keep his family healthy is not enough to please Mathilde. However, she happens to be a self-centered person who cares only about her appearance, instead of being thankful for the love of her husband. The author analyzes Mathilde’s internal conflicts in the story. She is unhappy and miserable. She is disappointed in herself because she thinks she deserves more than she has. Mathilde appears to be a round person; although she is attractive and pretty, she also seems depressed because of the lack of money. She is a dynamic person; she is not content with herself because her husband is not well off financially. Otherwise, she would be a cheerful person if her husband was wealthy.

 

Guy de Maupassant describes the characters’ verbal irony in the story; Monsieur Loisel makes an effort to invite his wife to a ball dance because he thinks she would be pleased to get out of the house. However, Mathilde chooses to reject her husband’s invitation by saying, “Give your invitation to some colleague whose wife has a more suitable gown than I”(2). She concerned more about her look and what others might think of her. Still, she convinces her husband to take money out of their life savings to buy a lovely dress for the occasion. Mathilde’s irony in the story is discontentment because she does not have anything to wear with the dress; she realizes she needs a jewel to look her best, so she will not appear as poor as she is among the women at the ministry. Furthermore, Mathilde goes to her former friend to borrow one of her diamond necklaces, which she loses unexpectedly. In the story “The Necklace,” the situational irony occurs when Mathilda sacrifices her life for years to work twice as hard to repay the loan they take to return the necklace. She loses her beauty; “she looks older, and there are traces of gray in her hair”(4). She ruins her husband and her life by not making a smart choice, and her selfishness causes her family’s pain. Nevertheless, the dramatic irony happens when she comes to learn the diamond necklace she loses is an imitation. The resolution of the story reveals that Mathilde realizes she made a fool of herself for not telling her friend exactly what had happened to the necklace. Therefore, she wastes her husband’s and her time for nothing to replace something that was not even real.

 

The writer points out the theme of the story as Malthilde cares only about her appearance, and her greed puts her through so much suffering in life. She should appreciate the sacrifice that her husband makes for her to buy the dress. Her attention is to “dance joyfully with everyone, intoxicates with pleasure, and to be on a cloud of happiness”(3). She does not worry too much about her husband’s feeling toward his happiness. However, she comes to discover the diamond necklace she borrows from Madame Forestier is missing, her husband Monsieur Loisel sympathetically helps her look for the necklace. Moreover, he sacrifices everything he can in his life to help his wife replace the necklace. She confidently lies to Madame Loisel about the necklace. Possibly, if she has told the truth, all the pain and misery could have been avoided. Besides all the pain she puts Monsieur Loisel through, Mathilde wishes she married a wealthy man, but she is “a poor girl with no dowry to offer” (2). Money and material things have stopped her to improve the living she desires. As a result, she loses her beauty and works harder to replace a necklace that is fake.

 

The short story, Test of True Love is a romantic story about a young lieutenant Blandford and lady, Hollis Meynell, who had fallen in love with each other. The author shows us the possibility of existence of a real strong relationships even though a great distances and the fact that two people can be very close to each other even having never seen each other. The young lieutenant Blandford would do anything just to win the love of Meynell and he serves during the war time, while once he faced some witty notes in the book he had been reading. They were made by a woman, whom he contacted later and who has had the power to reach inside of him through writing and renew his strength even from a far. They have been in touch during thirteen years. “YEA, THOUGH I WALK THROUGH THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH, I SHALL FEAR NO EVIL” This sentence strengthened Blandford and gave him courage whenever he feared. This time the woman, who was 30, supported the lieutenant and they both trusted their true inner feelings and instincts. Now the tall young lieutenant was waiting for this woman in Grand Central Station and worried a lot. They knew about each other only from their own words. The first woman he saw was a beautiful lady, wearing a green suit but she had no red rose on her jacket, as it was in their agreement to identify each other. Then he turned around and a woman well past forty appeared to be the one he had been waiting for. However, the lieutenant behaves like a real man and doesn’t escape from the place or pretense to be somebody else. She tells him the truth that the girl he was waiting for is the one he had seen some minutes ago. The message provided by the author is that the real love can exist even in incredible conditions. The fact that two people had been in touch for such a long time and who had never met before, but finally can share a mutual feeling and emotions can prove it. The writer accomplishes this message to the reader through the use of the setting, tone and each individual character in the story. Although the setting is used to describe the atmosphere, the tone is used effectively to communicate the complete and compelling feeling and emotion to the reader. The author uses a clear image of every character. The young lieutenant is shown from the very introduction of the story. The description of the Blandford’s states includes a mixture of emotions and feelings. By drawing all attention to the lieutenant, the reader is immediately given a clear image of Lieutenant Blandford, standing anxiously waiting to meet the woman who he has never seen but claims to love To better show us the emotions of lieutenant and the drama of the situation the author uses the value of time and place. Throughout the story, the author brings the reader out of the station to places that the lieutenant has recalled thinking of this woman. The author stretches the time by retrospect. Time plays a very important role throughout the story, to show how could the time stretch while waiting an important event in your life. The whole story is set on a time schedule as the author begins the story by saying, “Six minutes to six”, and the author creates a feeling of uncertainty for the lieutenant. The time lasts eternity. The figure of the lieutenant is the reflection of many common features which is common to a real man. He’s brave (he participates in battles and combats), here his remembrance of the fight should be mentioned when his plane had been caught in the midst of a pack of Zeros. He is honest as well, and responsible – he was on time at the place of the appointment. However, the lady, Hollis Meynell, quite cunning or even sly, because one can’t approve of her trick she played with a young lieutenant. It’s cruel to examine another person’s feeling in the way she did. But after her final test to Blandford she was sure, that he is a real man, noble, honest and responsible. The atmosphere of the story changes with every line from anxiety, uncertainty and uneasiness to the disappointment (for some seconds). The author accomplishes such instant change in the mood of the story by having the lieutenant meet a woman that he did not expect to meet. As soon as the author has the reader convinced that the mood has changed from excitement to sadness, he once again effectively changes the mood, changing the story head over heels. The author uses a suspenseful tone and it grips the reader’s attention throughout the whole story, the effect makes the reader waiting anxiously from the first line to the end. By doing this, the author creates a feeling of excitement as the reader realizes something exciting is about to happen and this is a real mastery.

Origin of short story Origins. The evolution of the short story first began before humans could write. … Consequently, many of the oldest narratives in the world, such as the ancient Babylonian tale the Epic of Gilgamesh, are in verse. The earliest versions of the American short story can be traced back to Germany where writers such Heinrich von Kleist, E.T.A. Hoffmann, and Ludwig Tieck were popularizing a hybrid narrative art form that combined the sketch and the tale The father of the short story                    Guy de Maupassant Biography   of Guy de Maupassant, Father of the Short Story. Esther Lombardi, M.A., is a journalist who has covered books and literature for over twenty years EVOLUTION OF GENRE: Genre is a style or category of art, music, or literature. As an author, genre controls what you write and how you write it. It describes the style and focus of the novel you write. Genres give you blueprints for different types of stories.Jan 15, 2016 Books form a genre when, according to their readers, they contain a sufficient number of similar words to take them together as a group in contrast to books that do not have a sufficient number of those similar words. … The way in which the words are distributed over books may indicate their genre– specific value. The earliest recorded systems of genre in Western history can be traced back to Plato and Aristotle. Gérard Genette, a French literary theorist author of The Architext, describes Plato as creating three Imitational genres: dramatic dialogue, pure narrative, and epic (a mixture of dialogue and narrative). Features Of  A Short Story     What is a Short Story? short story is a short piece of fiction aiming at unity of characterization, theme and effect. It aims to produce a single narrative effect with the greatest economy of means and utmost emphasis. Did you know that modern short story writers tend to base their narratives on their own experience? Here the focus is much more on the less spectacular aspects of life, on the significance underlying what is apparently trivial. The result of such perceptive writing is to reveal the subtleties of the human mind and of human behaviour.   What makes a good short story?

• A short story is a piece of prose fiction which can be read at a single sitting.
• It ought to combine matter-of-fact description with poetic atmosphere.
• It ought to present a unified impression of temper, tone, colour, and effect.
• It mostly shows a decisive moment of life.
• There is often little action, hardly any character development, but we get a snapshot of life.

Its plot is not very complex (in contrast to the novel), but it creates a unified impression and leaves us with a vivid sensation rather than a number of remembered facts. There is a close connection between the short story and the poem as there is both a unique union of idea and structure.   Short Story feautures Setting — The time and location in which a story takes place is called the setting.  For some stories the setting is very important, while for others it is not.  There are several aspects of a story’s setting to consider when examining how setting contributes to a story (some, or all, may be present in a story): Place – geographical location.  Where is the action of the story taking place? Time – When is the story taking place? (historical period, time of day, year, etc) Weather conditions – Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc? Social conditions – What is the daily life of the characters like? Does the story contain local colour (writing that focuses on the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular  place)? Mood or atmosphere – What feeling is created at the beginning of the story?  Is it bright and cheerful or dark and frightening? Plot — The plot is how the author arranges events to develop his basic idea;  It is the sequence of events in a story or play.  The plot is a planned, logical series of events having a beginning, middle, and end.  The short story usually has one plot so it can be read in one sitting.  There are five essential parts of plot: Introduction /Orientation– The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is revealed. A narrative work beginning in medias res (Classical Latin, means  “into the middle of things”) opens in the midst of the plot Often, exposition is bypassed and filled in gradually, through dialogue, flashbacks or description of past events. Rising Action – This is where the events in the story become complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed (events between the introduction and climax). Climax – This is the highest point of interest and the turning point of the story.  The reader wonders what will happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not? Falling action – The events and complications begin to resolve themselves.  The reader knows what has happened next and if the conflict was resolved or not (events between climax and denouement). Resolution / Denouement – This is the final outcome or untangling of events in the story. Generally, it is helpful to consider the climax as a three-fold phenomenon: the main character receives new information

• accepts this information (realizes it but does not necessarily agree with it)
• acts on this information (makes a choice that will determine whether or not he/she gains his objective).

Conflict—   Conflict is also essential to the plot.  Without conflict there is no plot.  It is the opposition of forces which ties one incident to another and makes the plot move.  Conflict is not merely limited to open arguments, rather it is any form of opposition that faces the main character. Within a short story there may be only one central struggle, or there may be one dominant struggle with many minor ones. Did you know that there are two types of conflict?  They are … 1)  External – A struggle with a force outside one’s self. 2)  Internal – A struggle within one’s self; a person must make some decision, overcome pain, quiet their temper, resist an urge, etc. Conflict can also occur in the following situations:

• Man vs. Man (physical) – The leading character struggles with his physical strength against other men, forces of nature, or animals.
• Man vs. Circumstances (classical) – The leading character struggles against fate, or the circumstances of life facing him/her.
• Man vs. Society (social) – The leading character struggles against ideas, practices, or customs of other people.
• Man vs. Himself/Herself (psychological) – The leading character struggles with himself/herself; with his/her own soul, ideas of right or wrong, physical limitations, choices, etc.

  Characters   Character — There are two meanings for the word character:

• The person in a work of fiction.
• The characteristics of a person.

Persons in a work of fiction – Antagonist and Protagonist Short stories use few characters.  One character is clearly central to the story with all major events having some importance to this character – he/she is the PROTAGONIST.  The opposer of the main character is called the ANTAGONIST. The Characteristics of a Person – In order for a story to seem real to the reader its characters must seem real.  Characterization is the information the author gives the reader about the characters themselves.  Characters are convincing if they are:  consistent, motivated, and life-like (resemble real people) Can you guess how does the author reveal a character? Well, it is done in several ways through:

1. a) his/her physical appearance
2. b) what he/she says, thinks, feels and dreams
3. c) what he/she does or does not do
4. d) what others say about him/her and how others react to him/her

Characters can be …

1. Individual – round, many sided and complex personalities.
2. Developing – dynamic, many sided personalities that change, for better or worse, by the end of the story.
3. Static – Stereotype, have one or two characteristics that never change and are emphasized e.g. brilliant detective, drunk, scrooge, cruel stepmother, etc.

  Point of View   Point of view, is defined as the angle from which the story is told.

• Innocent Eye – The story is told through the eyes of a child (his/her judgment being different from that of an adult) .
• Stream of Consciousness – The story is told so that the reader feels as if they are inside the head of one character and knows all their thoughts and reactions.
• First Person – The story is told by the protagonist or one of the characters who interacts closely with the protagonist or other characters (using pronouns I, me, we, etc).  The reader sees the story through this person’s eyes as he/she experiences it and only knows what he/she knows or feels.
• Omniscient– The author can narrate the story using the omniscient point of view. He can move from character to character, event to event, having free access to the thoughts, feelings and motivations of his characters and he introduces information where and when he chooses.  There are two main types of omniscient point of view:

1. a) Omniscient Limited – The author tells the story in third person (using pronouns they, she, he, it, etc). We know only what the character knows and what the author allows him/her to tell us. We can see the thoughts and feelings of characters if the author chooses to reveal them to us.
2. b) Omniscient Objective – The author tells the story in the third person. It appears as though a camera is following the characters, going anywhere, and recording only what is seen and heard.  There is no comment on the characters or their thoughts. No interpretations are offered.  The reader is placed in the position of spectator without the author there to explain.  The reader has to interpret events on his own.

  Theme Theme — The theme in a piece of fiction is its controlling idea or its central insight.  It is the author’s underlying meaning or main idea that he is trying to convey.  The theme may be the author’s thoughts about a topic or view of human nature.  The title of the short story usually points to what the writer is saying and he may use various figures of speech to emphasize his theme, such as: symbol, allusion, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, or irony.   Some simple examples of common themes from literature, TV, and film are: Things are not always as they appear to be. Love is blind. Believe in yourself. People are afraid of change. Don’t judge a book by its cover.    

If you want to stop worrying, then you need to stop thinking so much. Thinking is a good thing of course but when you focus a lot of time over analyzing things, it can cause a lot of stress. Sometimes worrying is a good thing because it’s your mind’s way of acknowledging the importance of the situation. However, many times we worry excessively for invalid reasons. This article will give you a couple of different ways to help you to worry a little bit less.

When we worry, what we are actually doing is projecting our mind out into the future. We picture negative scenarios and images. We think about the worse possible situations. Students may spend a lot of time worrying about how they did on the test they just took. The person who is running late and is stuck in traffic is worried about what people will think of him when he shows up to the meeting late. The employee watches the news during his lunch time in the break room and sees that unemployment rate is climbing starts to worry about the security of his job.

In all of these situations, the person is worried about something that hasn’t happened yet. Not only that, they are worried about something that they have no control over at the present moment. If you want to know how to stop worrying, then you need to learn how to be in the moment. Realize that the majority of things people worry about coming true, never come true. You can spend a great majority of your waking life worrying yourself to the point where you start to lower your happiness level. You may even start to draw back from life because you’re afraid of every possible negative situation that you have imagined in your head coming true.

So

how do you just stop worrying about everything? Here’s a simple rule. If you can’t do anything to improve the situation at the moment, let it go. Stop worrying so much about things that you have no control over. The student who is worried about what score he got is just wasting his time because what’s done is done. Whether he spends his time worrying or having fun, it’s not going to change the outcome. The employee who sees the unemployment rate increasing can worry about his job and perhaps start working harder but at the moment, during his lunch, he can’t do much about it so there is no point in worrying.

A great book about this topic that you should read is called, “How to Stop Worrying and Start Living” by Dale Carnegie. The book offers a lot of great ways to help you reduce your habit of worrying. You can try writing down the things you are worried about and find out what percentage of those things actually come true. Once you realize that there was really no point in stressing over things you can do anything about and stop worrying about everything, you will start to enjoy life a lot more.

“WHAT ARE HEALTHY BREAKFAST FOODS? TRY THESE 5 FOODS”

 

Breakfast is an essential need to start your day and have a healthy body. A healthy body means a healthy mind and a healthy mind means a successful human being.

 

 

 

Many people especially young people tend to skip breakfast which is not good for their health. Young people in India are busy studying and doing jobs and due to their busy life, they miss their breakfast.

 

Skipping breakfast can lead to an irregular daily routine, it affects the cognitive functioning of the brain, affects metabolism and can cause weakness and migraine. Breakfast should never be left by diabetes patients. It can lead them to serious heart issues, affect their mood and lower energy levels.

 

Therefore, one should always have a healthy breakfast to start their day and normally healthy breakfast foods contains the following variety of foods:

 

Eggs: Eggs are the foremost food that is widely consumed worldwide and recommended by every dietician and nutritionist. An egg contains high-quality proteins, fats, iron, minerals, vitamins A and D, Zinc and other many nutrients, which are beneficial for both mind and body. Egg maintains the sugar level and insulin of the body. Egg white does not increase the cholesterol level and most importantly it decreases the chance of a heart attack.

 

 

 

Vegetables: This is an essential part of our daily meals. Its consumption can be more helpful if it is taken at breakfast. Fresh vegetable consumption at breakfast time can boost-up your energy for the whole day. You can have an energized and delicious breakfast if kale and spinach are mixed as a salad.

 

Baked potatoes can also be consumed by putting a little spice and masala on it. Take some beans along-side.

 

Fruits: Apple, grapes, berries and citrus fruits should be a necessary part of the breakfast to stay fresh and healthy for many hours in a day. Strawberries are other fruits to maintain health. These sweet and juicy strawberries contain fewer calories and high levels of antioxidants. They are super helpful for women. It gives them beauty, their smoothies are very healthy and reduce the chance of a heart attack.

 

Creamy yogurt: Yogurt has calcium and it can be taken with other healthy breakfast foods. It is very healthy and lets you have a quick breakfast. Just carry it along and eat to stay fit the whole day.

 

Juices: Orange juices and Cranberry juice are best to have at breakfast. These are themselves quite healthy. Orange juice reduces osteoporosis, depression, reduces inflammation, improves heart health and prevents kidney stones. Cranberry juice reduces bacterial attacks. But it should not be consumed daily as it has high acidity which can affect the bladder.

 

Breakfast at the right time in the morning is always the best choice. It keeps you free from all the diseases and makes the person healthy.

 

“EAT BREAKFAST LIKE A KING”

“EAT LUNCH LIKE A PRINCE”

” EAT DINNER LIKE A PAUPER”

“To eat is a necessity, but to eat intelligently is an art”

– MEREZJA F

” FIVE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF COSMETIC PRODUCTS ON THE BODY”

Cosmetic products have become an essential utility for ladies. Almost all women are fond of it but the side effects of make-up that appear later are largely unknown. This article discusses the 5 harmful effects of cosmetic products on the body.

All ladies love to wear make-up to look pretty and flaunt their gorgeous looks as this is their nature. Some cosmetic products are made-up of special natural products that are harmless but then many contain a high amount of different chemicals that are full of harm. In Pakistan, many low rated cosmetic products are easily available at low prices but their buyers do not know the side effects of those products containing chemical ingredients.

Some of the harmful side effects of make-up products on a human are as follows:

Skin aging:

Chemicals used in cosmetic products are the reason for premature aging of the skin. Minerals, vitamins and natural oils in the skin get dried when these chemicals react with the skin. This reaction starts forming dry patches and wrinkles on the skin. The reason behind it is the clever marketing strategy of cosmetic companies. They first create such make-up products that give aging effect and wrinkles to the face and then they market anti-aging products and this how their business goes on. Pakistan imports some of the high-quality products that are too expensive that no common man can buy and that is why women do not even know the originality of real cosmetic products.

Poisoning of lipstick:

Almost all lipsticks contain chemicals and such oils that dry the lips. Moreover, it contains lead that is highly harmful if consumed. The ingestion of things in lipstick causes brain damage. Ladies wear lipsticks and most of them consume it from their lips unintentionally by eating something or in any way. This causes different diseases in their immune system.

Allergies of skin:

Make-up is the foremost reason for skin allergies. Cosmetics like deodorants contain alcohol which causes redness. Itching and irritation that leads to pigmentation of the skin. Moreover, make-up closes the skin pores and block the sweat gland which causes many different types of allergies.

On the other hand, fairness creams are highly in use, especially in Pakistan. Men and women both are highly conscious of their complexion and with their fair complex they tend to buy different type of fairness creams that contain highly toxic and dangerous chemicals that give a fair appearance at the start but later it starts showing the side effects on skin and in this way many people do loses their natural skin foundation color.

Skin specialists never prohibit using cosmetic products rather they recommend using original and natural product-based cosmetics. They do not have harmful effects.

Causes cancer:

The excessive use of low-quality products ultimately leads to skin cancer. Lipsticks contain lead and aluminum that causes anemia and glucose intolerance. And other make-up products contain sulfate and zinc oxide that is toxic which fails organs like kidney or liver. To preserve cosmetics, Parabens are heavily used in products that cause severe cancer.

Permanency of dark circles:

This side effect is also included in the 5 harmful effects of cosmetic. According to experts, less make-up should be applied around the eyes as the area is sensitive compared to the rest of the face. Chemicals easily and quickly affect that particular area. The cosmetics should be applied around the eyes after all it leads to the dark circles and bags under eyes. Dark circles once appear there are fewer chances to get rid of them.

” SELF CARE IS ONE OF THE BEST GIFT YOU CAN GIVE YOURSELF”

-JERISHA. S

Petrol is the byproduct of crude oil which is extracted from deep sources beneath the earth. Which is further filtered to produce diesel, kerosene, etc. Now the 98% of the vehicles in the world are running on petrol and which is the major cause of pollution nowadays, only the Cars and Trucks are responsible for about 5% contributor to the pollution alone in which the main fuel of source is petrol with diesel. With the increase in use of petrol as the main source of fuel the carbon emission have seen an increment of an about 100% in last 100 years.

Petrol is a sustainable source of fuel as of now, till they are availability. But after the extinction of the petrol, we need to find more sources of the fuel which can take the place of petrol.next generation of fuels are as follows :

1.Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a clean fuel that can be used in fuel cell, in which the byproduct only water is produced. Hydrogen can be produced from a various means of resources , such as natural gas, nuclear power, biomass, and renewable power like solar and wind. These qualities make hydrogen an attractive fuel option for transportation and electricity generation application. It can be used in cars, in houses, and in many more appliances for a clean energy.

Production of Hydrogen is done by various methods.

1.THERMAL PROCESSES

Thermal processes for hydrogen production typically involve steam reforming, a high-temperature process in which steam reacts with a hydrocarbon fuel to produce hydrogen. Many hydrocarbon fuels can be reformed to produce hydrogen, including natural gas, diesel, renewable liquid fuels, gasified coal, or gasified biomass. Today, about 95% of all hydrogen is produced from steam reforming of natural gas.

2.ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSES

Water can be separated into oxygen and hydrogen through a process called electrolysis. Electrolytic processes take place in an electrolyzer, which functions much like a fuel cell in reverse—instead of using the energy of a hydrogen molecule, like a fuel cell does, an electrolyzer creates hydrogen from water molecules.

3.BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Biological processes use microbes such as bacteria and microalgae and can produce hydrogen through biological reactions. In microbial biomass conversion, the microbes break down organic matter like biomass or wastewater to produce hydrogen, while in photobiological processes the microbes use sunlight as the energy source.

These are some methods by which hydrogen can be produced.

2.Electricity

Electricity is highly recommended source of energy as it is widely adopted by the mankind in the hole world. This type of energy is the clean and clear. And can be produced by various processes such renewable energy and non renewable energy.

1.Renewable Energy

• Solar energy

Sunlight is one of our planet’s most abundant and freely available energy resources. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth’s surface in one hour is more than the planet’s total energy requirements for a whole year. Although it sounds like a perfect renewable energy source, the amount of solar energy we can use varies according to the time of day and the season of the year as well as geographical location. In the UK, solar energy is an increasingly popular way to supplement your energy usage.

• Wind Energy

Wind is a plentiful source of clean energy. Wind farms are an increasingly familiar sight in the UK with wind power making an ever-increasing contribution to the National Grid. To harness electricity from wind energy, turbines are used to drive generators which then feed electricity into the National Grid. Although domestic or ‘off-grid’ generation systems are available, not every property is suitable for a domestic wind turbine.

• Hydro energy

As a renewable energy resource, hydro power is one of the most commercially developed. By building a dam or barrier, a large reservoir can be used to create a controlled flow of water that will drive a turbine, generating electricity. This energy source can often be more reliable than solar or wind power (especially if it’s tidal rather than river) and also allows electricity to be stored for use when demand reaches a peak. Like wind energy, in certain situations hydro can be more viable as a commercial energy source (dependant on type and compared to other sources of energy) but depending very much on the type of property, it can be used for domestic, ‘off-grid’ generation.

There are even more processes such as tidal energy, biomass energy.

2. non renewable energy

• Coal

Coal comes from the remains of plants that died hundreds of millions of years ago. It has the highest level of carbon of all fossil fuels.

• Oil

Oil – also known as petroleum – can be extracted and refined in order to make products such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.

• Natural Gas

Natural gas was formed from the remains of tiny sea plants and animals that died millions of years ago. It is mainly composed of methane.

• Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy is released when atoms’ nuclei are fused together (fusion) or split apart (fission). Nuclear power plants produce electricity through nuclear fission.

The Indian economy is a developing economy, thus, the educated as well as educating population is the future of the nation. However, the future of the nation stays in blue when the citizens are not provided with the facility to educate themselves. The different nations are building themselves under the supervision and employment of the educated and skilled workforce. Whereas, India is facing a serious problem of illiteracy amongst its citizens. The large population of the country doesn’t posses enough knowledge about certain subjects, at times, people are just enjoying incomplete knowledge on something in particular.

A report by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) highlights that India has highest population of illiterate adults, i.e., 287 million. It shows that the number is huge and around 37% of the world’s illiterate people are India. The literacy rate in India is calculated with regards to the people aged between 15-24 years. The literacy level of any nation is a determinant of its socio-economic status, and the level of literacy in India has been increasing at a very slow pace. The 2011 census depicts that the literacy growth in the decade 2001-2011 has been as low as 9.2%. Thus, the problem of illiteracy continues to prevail in the country at a very large level.

Illiteracy is basically defined as the inability to read or write, that means the individual has lack of knowledge in a particular subject. It is a wider concept and includes the individual ability to adapt to the subject and visualizes the content matter. However, the extent of illiteracy in India is different, the people residing in the villages or rural areas have remained familiar to there native language and are ignorant towards the other languages or subjects. These people are mostly the adults, including women who are now unwilling to learn something new due to lack of time or other priority work to do. The women community is largely affected by the illiteracy around the nations, as the aggregate percentage of girls enrolling in schools is just 47.78%. Overall, 60 lakhs children in India are still not able to prevail the facilities of education. The state of Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh are at the bottom in the terms of Dalit Literacy level.

Literacy is not just the ability to read or write, but also includes the individual’s capacity to comprehend a piece of information and further communicate it with others effectively. Literacy is a significant element to enhance the individual social and personal standards, as it is the tool to help them to represent themselves among the people and share a common surrounding with the people around us. It severs as the foundation of the basic education for all the individuals in the nation. Thus, provision of basic education to all the citizens of the nation becomes a necessity. The Constitution of India recognizes this need and had laid down certain provisions and laws to ensure proper and impartial availability of educational rights to all the citizens.

• The Article 30 of the Indian Constitution gives right to the minorities to establish their own educational as well as administrative institutions. Also, they have been given the fundamental right to protect their culture and teachings.
• The Directive Principles of State policy also instructs the state to ensure free education to all the citizens under the sections 41, 45 and 46.
•  Article 21 (A) was also amended to include the provision of free and compulsory education to all the children between the age group of 6-14 years, as a fundamental right.
• The weaker section of the nation; comprising socially, economically, and educationally backward sections belonging to the Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are also provided educational rights through the Article 15, 17 and 46 of the Indian Constitution.

Along with these constitutional or legal provisions, there are other schemes and programs that are initiated with the aim and objective to promoting educational awareness among all the citizens in the nation.

• The Mid-day meal scheme has been launched by the government in 1995 with the aim to improve the enrolment and attendance rate of the students. The poor people will be willing to enroll their children to the government schools which provide free food to the students.
• There are regular updates on the scholarship programs for the students in order to provide fee concession as well as other necessary items. Also, the aim is that a potential and deserving student should not be deprived of the education due to lack of resources.
• Samagra Shiksha Programme was launched by the government with the broader goal of improving school effectiveness. This will be measured in terms of equal opportunities for schooling and equitable learning outcomes.
• Awareness campaigns were launched in rural areas to create awareness among people about the importance of education. They were encouraged to attend or send their children to schools.

It can be observed that continuously efforts have been made by the government to improve the condition of the educational sector and promote the level of literacy in the country. However, the efforts cannot bear results without the support and coordination of the citizens of the country. At the individual level, the people are responsible to make efforts to educate themselves, their children and other encourage other acquaintances as well.

• The individuals must indulge themselves in some or other awareness campaign to learn and share the knowledge with their peers.
• They should expose themselves the different kinds of reading material and adopt good reading habits.
• There is a need to explore more and know your interests to involve in the same kind of areas.

Thus, it can be concluded that the problem of illiteracy is huge but requires coordination between the authorities and the citizens to improve the level of literacy of the nation.

📌Reach out and stay connected 📌Talk to one person about your feelings.
📌Do things that make you feel good
📌Your fatigue will improve if you stick with it.
📌Eat a healthy, depression-fighting diet
📌Get a daily dose of sunlight
📌Challenge negative thinking

Starting a new hobby will help you to identify the things that you are good at. Starting a new hobby will be easy but sticking to it is important. Don’t force yourself too hard. Try to take it as slow as possible. Write down the things you are good at. When you write a new idea will pop up in your mind and will indicate you to give it a try. Giving a try is not difficult. We will know the outcome only when we try it. 

While giving it a try make sure how the end result is. If you are satisfied then continue with it. You can count it as your new hobby. If you find it boring and are not happy with it then don’t push yourself to it. You just tried a new thing and it didn’t work out. So, don’t get disheartened if it didn’t come in your favor. 

On the other hand, don’t wait for the result to be too perfect. If you like what you are doing then keep doing it. Some people will discourage you from your newly found habit. They are not experts to give advice or judge you. Criticism will make you more strong and prove to them what you are doing is worth it. 

There are many hobbies which you start from your home and they will take only a few minutes to start. 

1. Learning Calligraphy

Start learning calligraphy from youtube and if you find it interesting then you can join some online calligraphy classes to become an expert.

2. Exercise

Making it a hobby will be good for your health. Start by doing simple exercises and you will find a change in yourself. 

3. Drawing

You can start this by doing simple works. There are many youtube channels that will help you to learn it step by step. 

4. Learn a new musical instrument

This will create wonders in your life and you can count it as a talent also. 

5. How to apply makeup

This will become your favorite one if you find it interesting. Dressing up is important but what is more important is our looks. Try it out. 

This is personally my favorite one and I will share the story of how it started

Book reading is the most common hobby. But, it will not be an easy task. when a friend suggests you read a book you don’t give a damn. But, at least try to understand why he is so desperate and asking you to read a book. After all, you trust your friend. So, try to put some inputs and ask him questions that pop up in your mind.

The first thing that will come to your mind will be why should I read a book? Ask him what excites him and ask him to give a gist or about the story plotline. It will make you curious to know the exact story. So you will pick the book and read it. Try to read it slowly don’t read it in a go. Give yourself some breaks so that your eyes won’t strain much. Once you finish a book note the name of the book somewhere. Each time you do this it will give you the much-needed energy to read other books.

Mahatma Gandhi’s great granddaughter, Ashish Lata Ramgobin, 56, has been sentenced to seven years in jail by a South African court in connection with a six million (Rs 32.2 billion) rand fraud and forgery case. Ashish Lata Ramgobin was accused of fraud after businessman S.R.Maharaj paid rand 6.2 million to her for clearing imports and tariffs on non-existent consignments from India. S.R.Maharaj was promised a share of promised, PTI reported. The daughter of renowned rights activist Ella Gandhi and the late Mewa Ramgobin, Lata Ramgobin, was also denied appeal by the Durban Specialized Commercial Crimes Court, convicted. During the trial, Brigadier General Hanwani Murauji of the National Public Prosecutor’s Office (NPA) provided Lata Ramgobin with forged invoices and documents to convince investors that three linen containers were shipped from India. At that time, Lata Ramgobin was released on the bail of 50,000 rand.

Lata Ramgobin met with S.R.Maharaj, Director of the New Africa Alliance Footwear Distributor in August 2015. Mahatma Gandhi’s great granddaughter told Maharaj that he had imported three containers of linen for the South African hospital group NetCare. NPA spokesman Natasha Kara said,” Lata Ramgobin is facing financial difficulties in paying import costs and tariffs and needs money to get goods through the port.” She told Maharaj that she needed 6.2 million rand. To convince him, she showed her a purchase order for the item she claimed. Later that month, she sent him what appeared to be an internet care invoice and the invoice to prove that the item was delivered and payment was imminent. in addition, she also sent him a conformation that the payment was made from NetCare’s bank account. Maharaj signed the contract with Ramgobin for her family qualifications and internet care documents.

He then discovered that the document had been forged and filed a criminal complaint. Ramgobin is the founder and secretary general of the Participatory Development Initiative of the NGO International Center for Nonviolence, describing herself as an,” activist focused on the environment, society and political interest.” Many other descendants of Mahatma Gandhi are human rights activist, including Lata Ramgobin’s cousin Kirti Menon, the late Satish Duperia, and Uma Duperia Mesley. In particular, Ramgobin’s mother, Ella Gandhi, has been internationally recognized for her efforts, including receiving national honors in both India and South Africa.

Mahatma Gandhi’s great granddaughter imprisoned for 7 years in South Africa for Rs 3.2 billion fraud.

“The Consistent efforts and the struggle for the expansion of everything in Life, be It: systematic Knowledge, nature, innovations, materials created a need for describing and Understanding the nature”. This need led to the birth of what is known today as “SCIENCE”. WE LIVE IN THE AGE OF SCIENCE. Science is a great BLESSING to mankind. Nothing better has happened in the history of man than the advent of SCIENCE in human life, and today, Science has become an important part of our lives. SCIENCE is a systematic and logical study towards how the UNIVERSE works. Science is a dynamic subject. Science can also be defined as the systematic study of the nature and behaviour of the material and physical universe, based on OBSERVATIONS, EXPERIMENT, and MEASUREMENTS and the formulation of laws to describe these facts, in general terms.

The world into which SCIENCE came, was a world of IGNORANCE, SUFFERING and HARDSHIP. Science has come to relieve us from sufferings, to remove our ignorance, and to lighter our toil. SCIENCE, has helped Man to lead a better life, than ever before! In all walks of life, man has made wonderful progress. You can see the use of SCIENCE in each and every aspect of our life. SCIENCE is an essential element in our life. Basic knowledge of SCIENCE is mandatory for everyone as it makes life easier and open our mind in many ways. Let’s see how!

“HOW IT HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN RELIEVING US FROM THE SUFFERINGS”?

Well, “SCIENCE IS A FAITHFUL SERVANT OF MAN”. It serves us in all walks of our life. It is our servant in the home, in the field, and in the factory. There are many events in our life, which makes us realize the PRESENCE OF SCIENCE. The FABRIC we wear, the brush and paste we use, COOKING, BOILING OF WATER, ELECTRICITY, TRANSPORT, CELL PHONES, etc., Everything is the consequence of advancement of SCIENCE. Science is involved in everything and Life is UNIMAGINABLE without it. SCIENCE has transformed our daily life. Gone are the days when only rich men could afford LUXURIES. Science has made them Cheap and has brought them within the reach of everybody. Books, music, and all other forms of entertainment has brought to our door, e.g, Radio, Television, and Cinema.

SCIENCE is our most faithful MEDICAL ATTENDANT. It shows every care for our health. Because of SCIENCE, we are cured of many deadly diseases. It has given us the power to reduce epidemics. Science has helped in reducing the death rate and has also enhanced the living age of humans.

SCIENCE HAS REDUCED DISTANCE. It has given us very swift means of COMMUNICATION, TRANSPORT, STEAM ENGINE, TELEPHONES, TELEGRAPH, LAPTOPS, AND, COMPUTERS. Science has annihilated TIME AND SPACE. Man can travel anywhere now. It has made it possible to send messages or talk to someone in any part of the world, in the twinkling of an eye. The work of MONTHS and YEARS can be done in HOURS.

SCIENCE is the greatest blessing to the Housewives. A thousand devices have been placed at her disposal to lighten the toil. Then there are so many Electricity-run kitchen appliances in which cooking is a pleasure. Science has provided us with COMPUTERS and MACHINES, which have greatly increased our efficiency. We are better connected to people today and INFORMATION is only a click of the mouse away.

Hence, SCIENCE has made our everyday lives very comfortable. It is an essential element in our daily life. The advancement in SCIENCE have brought about many changes in our lives. The CIVILIZATIONS have progressed LEAPS and BOUNDS. It has entered our life so powerfully that we have even started thinking in a scientific way. AND,

“WE WANT TO KNOW HOW AND WHY OF EVERYTHING”.

To mend the follows of historic injustice, reservation system became part of post-independent India. The fight for reservation that started way back in colonial India is still going on in new forms. Many states have implemented or are mulling over the idea of reservation in private companies for the locals of the area. Many communities are demanding reservation. Earlier Patel community led demonstrations for reservation and now Maratha community from Maharashtra are following the same footsteps. Supreme Court unanimously paused the verdict on the validity of socially and educationally backward classes of citizens (SPBC) act, 2018. Classification of Marathas as socially and educationally backward class was deemed unreasonable because of the political dominance as well as financial well being. Indra Swahney case, 1992 was reiterated.

Historical overview of reservation
Caste based reservation was the brainchild of William hunter and Jyotirao Phule in 1882. It was introduced for the first time in Government of India act of 1909 in the form of communal award. It was part of the divisive policy of Britain. It made provision for a separate electorate for muslims which was extended to other religions and communities in 1919. Poona pact of 1932 gave reservation to certain sections of the society under the Hindu electorate.
In post independent India, originally constitution provided reservation in legislatures for a period of 10 years until 1960 to the scheduled cost and the scheduled tribes (Article 334 constitution of India). It was extended and presently it remains functional.
In 1990 mandal Commission was instituted. Based on its recommendation other backward communities were given reservation. The Mandal Commission reserved 27% in government jobs for OBCs. Indra Swahney case of 1992 upheld the 27% quota for backward classes and established that reservation should not exceed 50% of India’s population. The concept of creamy layer was also introduced. The latest reservation policy change place in 2019 through 103rd amendment act which reserved 10% government jobs an education institutions for economically backward in the unreserved category.

Constitutional status of reservation in India
–Article 14 of constitution forms the basis for By legitimising the concept of equality as Equality before law and equal protection of law.
–Article 15– reservation in educational institutions
–Article 16– reservation in jobs
–Article 330 and 332 -Reserves seat for SCs and STs in parliament and in state legislatures respectively
–Article 243 and 233– Reserves seat for SCs and STs in panchayats and in municipalities respectively
-Special provisions for some states mentioned in Article 371

New demands–
The new demands for quota put forward by many communities or the reservation for locals in private jobs by state governments like Haryana will have to stand the scrutiny of the judiciary. The experts are of the opinion that reservation is usually a trade off between social equality and merit. In most cases the quota policy is justifiable but its malafide use for vote bank politics is a cause of concern as it threatens India’s efficiency. The government must, at any cost, try to balance the two or else, the entire system of governance will bear the brunt. Now states have started using reservation for better opportunities for the people of the state. If things go south, this can discourage companies from making investment in such states. Fine tuning of the policy with larger goal of nation building should be the bedrock of any policy.

Since international media is putting on a lot of importance to subjects like the QUAD alliance and the New cold war, Taiwan is also attaining importance. Some analysts also suggest countries should enhance diplomatic relations with Taiwan to counter Chinese regional dominance. India following ‘one china policy’ does not recognise Taiwan as a sovereign nation.  The USA a major supporter of Taiwan also does not recognise Taiwan as a sovereign nation. Even China is so aggressive about the Taiwan issue that in May 2021 Chinese state media Global Times threatened Australia with missile strikes regarding Australia’s interference in the Taiwan issue. On several occasions, China has warned India to stay clear of the Taiwan issue.

Taiwan is a tiny island located southeast of China. The government of Taiwan call the island a “republic of China” it also alleged the communist party of China for the forceful occupation of China mainland. Until 1927, the government of China was run jointly by the Chinese nationalist party and the Chinese communist party. But after a split, the Chinese nationalist party (KMT) expelled the communist party and oppressed the communist party leaders. After the end of the civil war in 1949, the communist party emerged victoriously and the KMT party was expelled to Taiwan island where they established their government at the island. Because of the US military support communist couldn’t annex Taiwan ( Republic of China). Since then the govt of the ‘Republic of China’ has been ruling the island from the capital Taipei and mainland China is claimed by both Taiwan led china as well as communist China. Until 1971 Taiwan led china was the official representative of China at the united nations, but the “UNGA resolution 2758” transferred this right to communist china because of improving relation of Beijing with the rest of the world. The USA also got inclined towards China when in 1969 china-USSR war broke out and the US got to see a viable partner to counter the soviet union. 

In 1979, the US recognised Beijing based “the people’s republic of China” (PRC) and withdrew recognition of Taiwan. the US wanted both countries to get recognition as separate countries with different identities. But neither of the two countries were ready to accept this. The increasing influence of communist china has almost isolated Taiwan and currently, only 23 small countries from the Pacific, Africa, and Latin America remember diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Also today the USA is the biggest partner of Taiwan, this support of the US was a strategic decision of the USA to strengthen its bargaining power against China. 

 

India-Taiwan Relations

India officially recognised communist china right after the civil war in China in 1950. India became the second state after Myanmar to do so. This decision was on faith that Beijing can become India’s partner. This policy was based on a dictum that PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee used in his speeches, “you can change friends not neighbours”. This froze India-Taiwan relations during the whole cold war. But after the 1962 sino-India war, India lost initial hopes of good relations with its largest neighbour and became sceptical towards china. After the collapse of the soviet union in 1991, India adopted the ‘look east policy’ seeking improved relations with east Asian countries. This policy gave a diplomatic push to India-Taiwan relations and in 1995 established complementary representative offices, It’s an informal diplomatic relation with Taiwan maintained by the India-Taipei association (in Taipei ) and the ‘Taipei Economic and cultural centre’ (in India). In 2002 India and Taiwan signed a ‘bilateral investment agreement’ and started direct air connectivity in 2003. The then defence minister, George Fernandez also visited Taiwan in 2007. In 2010, reciprocating China’s adverse attitude towards Kashmir, India asked China to acknowledge the” one India policy” after this the informal visits between India and Taiwan became formal. In 2010 Taiwan also hosted then Indian president APJ Abdul kalam in their country. The “southbound policy (2016)” Taiwan emphasised good relations with ASEAN and South Asian countries. After Galwan crisis, India’s relation with Taiwan improved considerably and India appointed Gourangalal Das as envoy in Taipei.

Strategic importance of Taiwan

The geographical location of Taiwan is the most important aspect of geopolitics around it. This can be proved very important for an alliance such as QUAD in near future. ‘Sana Hashmi’, a researcher in the institute of international relations of Taipei recommends stronger relations of India and Taiwan and also highlights its importance in India’s indo-pacific strategy. Donald Trump reinforced his security commitments by increasing the frequency of naval ships in the Taiwan Strait. The second factor of Taiwan’s strategic importance is the sensitivity of the Taiwan issue for china. China’s response is always aggressive when any country tries to indulge in the Taiwan issue. As against india who always followed one china policy, china did not honour one india policy on Kashmir and always supported Pakistan and in the same way, india can make use of Taiwan.

Economic ties between India and Taiwan

According to ‘The Diplomat’ economic dimension is the most important aspect of india-Taiwan relations. During the 2002-2014 period, Taiwan invested 66 million dollars in india but in 2015 the total investment increased rapidly. Taiwanese company Foxconn has invested 5 billion dollars in India. The india-Taiwan bilateral trade was nearly 6 billion dollars in 2016. Taiwan has also been playing significant roles in India’s semiconductors, electronics, and communication industries. Taiwan can also be a good option for countries such as the USA, Japan and South Korea for diversifying crucial supply chains networks and for reducing dependence on China. Despite its tiny size, the economy of Taiwan is 600 billion dollars which is double of Pakistan’s economy. Indian parliamentary standing committee on india-china relations in its report in 2018 has also advocated for stronger Indian-Taiwan bilateral ties.

Now the question arises should India recognise the sovereignty of Taiwan? Seeing the current aggressive behaviour of China on the Taiwan issue, Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan of ORF opines that India perhaps will take more time to recognise Taiwan as an independent country.

As per the official sources, in 36,000 temples in Tamil Nadu under the HR&CE department; as many as 34,000 temples (pit of 36,000) have revenue less than Rs 10,000 a year. Priests in many of these temples and other workers do not receive a steady income. Besides this, as devotees are prohibited from going to religious places including temples owing to COVID-19 crisis; the priests and workers are reeling under severe economic crisis, said the press note put out by the HR&CE minister.

Following demands from priests and workers, Chief Minister MK Stalin had ordered Rs 4,000 as cash assistance along with 10kg rice and 15 varieties of groceries

As per the official sources, in 36,000 temples in Tamil Nadu under the HR&CE department; as many as 34,000 temples (pit of 36,000) have revenue less than Rs 10,000 a year. Priests in many of these temples and other workers do not receive a steady income. Besides this, as devotees are prohibited from going to religious places including temples owing to COVID-19 crisis; the priests and workers are reeling under severe economic crisis, said the press note put out by the HR&CE

Following demands from priests and workers, Chief Minister MK Stalin had ordered Rs 4,000 as cash assistance along with 10kg rice and 15 varieties of groceries.
The order is said to be implemented from June 3, the birth anniversary of former CM M Karunanidhi and nearly 14,000 temple workers and priests are set to benefit from the move, added sources.

Meanwhile, in April 2020 the previous Tamil Nadu government under the HR&CE department provided financial assistance of Rs 1,000 to the staff and priests of village temples in districts of Tamil Nadu as part of financial assistance.

The southwest monsoon season in India is from June to September. The northeast monsoon season is from October to December. It will often rain well during these two seasons. This year’s southwest monsoon started in Kerala yesterday. The Indian Meteorological Department said yesterday that it has started raining in the southern parts of Kerala

According to the Chennai Meteorological Department, the southwest monsoon has started in Tamil Nadu as well. The delta districts of Pudukottai and Sivagangai districts are likely to receive heavy to very heavy rains in the next 24 hours due to heat wave and prevailing atmospheric circulation in the south-western coastal areas. Madurai, Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram and Thoothukudi districts will receive heavy rains.
Over the next 48 hours, strong winds of 40-50 kmph are expected in Kumarikadal and Gulf of Mannar. Fishermen in these areas should be very careful. The Chennai Meteorological Department has forecast 40 to 50 kmph in Kerala and Karnataka and Lakshadweep.
Cuddalore, Kallakurichi, Salem, Dharmapuri, Dindigul districts will also receive heavy rains. Other districts may receive moderate rainfall. For Chennai, moderate rain is likely in some parts of the city for the next 48 hours. The maximum temperature will be 36 degrees Celsius and the minimum temperature will be 28 degrees Celsius.

This is the second year of a fully virtual celebration of the United Nations World Oceans Day due to the coronavirus pandemic, which hit the world last year.On June 8, the entire world comes together for the largest water body surrounding us, which is the ocean. It is an important part of our earth as it provides us with water, the most integral element that we need in our daily lives.

World Ocean Day History

This was first suggested in 1992 during the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. The aim behind this was to not only celebrate the vast water body and its benefits in our lives but also to raise awareness about what can be done to make it a part of sustainable development. On December 5, 2008, a resolution was passed by the UN General Assembly to designate this day.

World Ocean Day Significance

UNESCO states that this day is observed to remind everyone that oceans are the lungs of our planet. Awareness is raised about how to conserve it and rescue it from the eventual degradation that is caused by our careless activities. Therefore, World Ocean Day is celebrated for this reason all across the world.

World Ocean Day Theme

This year, the theme of World Ocean Day is ‘The Ocean: Life and Livelihoods’. Owing to the pandemic, all the celebrations today will happen virtually

Friendship, a state of enduring affection, esteem, intimacy, and trust between two people. In all cultures, friendships are important relationships throughout a Boost your happiness and reduce your stress.

Improve your self-confidence and self-worth. Help you cope with traumas, such as divorce, serious illness, job loss or the death of a loved one.

Encourage you to change or avoid unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as excessive drinking or lack of exercise. life span. FriendshipGood friends are like stars. You don’t always see them, but you know they’re always there.

Life was meant for good friends and great adventures. I would rather walk with a friend in the dark, than alone in the light.6 days agoA good friend walks the talk and shows that they care by their actions – big and small.

1. A good friend:
2. Listen to them. Try to understand a situation from your friend’s point of view. …
3. Get the facts. …
4. Ask them what they need. …
5. Get physical. …
6. Keep in touch. …
7. Tell them how you feel. …
8. Be willing to make a tough call
   In the image, there are five stages of friendship development, which are: Stranger, Acquaintance, Casual Friend, Close Friend, and Intimate Friend. I will provide an explanation of the different stages of progression of a friendship

        How do you feel when you know that you are gonna die in a few years or few months.

So The story is about a girl who dies at the age of 18. She has an elder brother named Ishan and also an elder sister named Tanya, who died at 5 months old because she was suffering from a disease. She was born with Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). When she was 6 months old she had to undergo a bone marrow Transplant and it had a side effect due to which she had to undergo medical therapy following Chemotherapy, she developed a Serious illness called pulmonary fibrosis- a type of condition that causes irreversible scarring of the lungs.

She was also a speaker at TEDx Pune in the year 2013. She gave inspirational talks from the age of 15 till she died. She also wrote a book named My Little Epiphanies that was published one day before her death. She was a speaker at INK conferences also.

Now, just imagine what will be her state of mind when she knows she is gonna die in a few days. That’s what is called strong mental health. 

      So now the “she” who I referred and talked about is

   “Aisha Chaudhary”

There is a movie called The Sky is Pink. Go, watch out for the movie and understand why The Sky is Pink.

How to be Mentally Strong

In life, there are tough times, and we need to make sure that we are mentally strong enough to deal with and get out of them. You need to control your emotions, choosing to stay positive whatever may be the situation.

1. The obstacles which come in your life should be seen as stepping stones for your success. As we know, No pain No gain so take it up as a challenge. 
2. Exercise your mind, Take on a daily task through which you can stretch your mental endurance and gain stamina.
3. You cannot control everything which is happening in your life, but you can control how to react to the situation positively or negatively.
4. Don’t be so busy with your work that you don’t even have time for yourself. Have small self-talks and replace self-doubt with positivity.
5.  Focus on the solutions and get tensed and learn from failures. Don’t repeat the same mistake because if the mistake is repeated it’s no more a mistake. 
6. Learn to let go of things. You need to focus on making yourself happy. Do things that make you happy. You don’t need to think about society.

Here are few habits which can help you be mentally strong:- 

1. Don’t let negativity enter your mind, Cut down the negative and self-talk and start saying good things to yourself
2. Start meditating, Spend time with your loved ones
3. Spending time with children can also help you relax with things
4. Learn to say NO to things, be your own best friend, Give yourself self-time and self-care.
5. Learn to manage your emotions, Acknowledge your strengths
6. Learn from past experiences and try developing new skills.

We are a human being. We have a certain power. We have a certain strength.

Problems are like clouds. They come; they go. Sometimes they’re big; Sometimes they’re small. Sometimes they’re not there. Sometimes they’re there everywhere.

But the mountain that sits on the ground does not move with the clouds, doesn’t become bigger or smaller with the clouds. We are the mountain; clouds are our problems.

Khushi Agarwal

People say “now”, right? I have said “now”. And one day I was thinking about “now”. Now is the most elusive thing there is. Because by the time I say “now”, it’s not now anymore. So, by the time I finish saying “now”, now is gone.

Here is one for you. If you don’t understand the meaning of “one”, what is the point in going on to two? After all , “two” is just two ones.

Likewise, If you don’t understand the meaning of “now”, what is the point in trying to understand the meaning of “tomorrow” ? Because you would be pleasantly surprised that tomorrow too will be just full of a bunch of nows and no more different. You need in your life to know.

Khushi Agarwal

The kamalop catholic church was operated during the period from 1890 to 1969 this was 50 years mystery case started to investigate on 28th May with radar sector with higher officials started to investigate their school building very old school but when they found radar detection on grounds which shocked entire Canadian government, and catholic church and business leaders and people around world shocked this news that in that school building under the ground when they started digging which shocked them they found 215 children deaf bodies in grounds which shocked entire countries and catholic church all over the world shocked hearing this news there more than 215 bodies the entire building was covered under the ground around 1000 dead bodies were discovered when Canadian people and government got shocked the investigation was still going on there government appointed a team start searching the school building when Justin Trudeau which shocked him a lot many people was crying for innocent so many children dead without no reason••some where • as a young of three years old said that chief Roseanne calling it a unthinkable loss that was never spoken but never was documented by administration horrific discovery and find any records of the deaths”my hearts break for the families and communities impacted by this tragic news crown indigenous relation minister carolyn bennett the kamalop catholic Indian residents school was the largest of 139 boarding schoo set up them in the late 19th century up with the 500 students registered and attending at any one time some 1,15,000 indian, insult and melts were forcefully enrolled in these schools where students were forcefully physically and sexually tortured and abused by their headmaster and teachers who stripped them of their language and culture today those experiences are blamed for a high incidence of poverty ,alcoholism, and domestic violence as well as high suicide rate in their communities A truth and reconciliation commission identified the names or information about atleast the 3,200 children who died from their abuse and neglect while attending a Residential school. The exact number remains unknown..but this is a brutal mistake done in 19th century so the case this the investigation is going on the government decided to investigate in 150 kamalop residential indian school the investigation the government started digging all the school of kamalop school these digging the searching the entire school so the government decided to find who committed such a mistakes in the name of religion the school headmaster physically and sexually tortured the children did the God asked you to kill these children no no why?innocent 3,200 children dead bodies found still many more known innocent children were tortured what did the children do to you? there should be a proper justice should be given…WE NEED JUSTICE ⚖ FOR THESE KAMALOP RESIDENTIAL INDIAN SCHOOL WE NEED JUSTICE?

A series of controversial changes by a BJP appointee is causing concern on the island chain. The island chain of Lakshadweep is in ferment. A string of regulations proposed by it’s administrator, Praful Khoda Patel, a politician of India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), has stirred a storm in the archipelago. Calls are mounting for withdrawal of the controversial rules and Patel’s recall. An archipelago of 36 island, Lakshadweep lies in the Arabian Sea. It is just 220 to 440 kilometers from the southern Indian state of Kerala. Its 70,000 strong population is predominantly Muslim. Their cultural and social identity could be under threat. Lakshadweep is a Union Territory, which means it is administered by the federal government through an administrator. The archipelago’s administrator has traditionally been drawn from the bureaucracy. Patel is the first politician to be appointed to the post. A junior minister for home affairs in Gujarat when Prime Minister Narendra Modi was chief minister of the state, Patel is known to be close to Modi. Patel is aslso administrator of the Union Territories of Dadra and Nagra Haveli and Daman and Diu. The policies he adopted there, which were similar to the ones he has introduced in Lakshadweep, have allegedlly benefited lobbies close to him while ignoring local residents. locals fear this will be the case in Lakshadweep too. Patel was appointed as Lakshadweep’s administrator in December 2020. Soon after taking charge, he scrapped the stringent quarantine measures for travelers from the Indian mainland to the archipelago. As a result, Lakshadweep, which had managed to remain COVID free in 2020, soon because a hotbed of coronavirus infections. On May 22, the union Territory reported a total tally of 6,611 positive cases. Its positivity rate is highest in the country. Additionally, Patel has introduced a slew of draft legislations that could have wide ranging impact on the island, and the lives and livelihoods of Lakshadweep’s residents.

A proposed land development plan gives the administrator vast powers to take over land and relocate people, and provides for stringent penalties for those who resist. The plan allows for mining and exploitation of minerals resources in the islands. Under the new rules, the slaughter of cows and transport of beef products has been made an offense. The Prevention of Anti-Social Activities (PASA) Regulations provides for detention of a person without any public disclosure for a period of up to a year. The Patel administration has sought to justify the new rules by claiming that they are aimed at boosting economic development and promoting the archipelago as a tourist destination on par with neighboring Maldives. Indeed, tourist infrastructure in Lakshadweep is rudimentary and unempolyment is high. Providing the economy with a shot in the arm would be welcomed. However, critics point out that the law facilitates the transfer of land to corporations and would result in indigenous communities losing ownership of their land. It provides legal cover for the administration to take over land with or without people’s consent. It is the administration’s prerogative whether or not compensation needs to be paid. Locals fear that they will not benefit much from the development plan. already, fishermen have been evicted from the coast; shelters for their boats have been destroyed to clean up beaches for the setting up of resorts. It has impacted the livelihood of many fisherman. Additionally, the kind of development envisaged under the Patel will “cause the delicate ecology of the island to unravel,” according to marine biologist and scientist Rohan Arthur.

Importantly, there is concern that the BJP’s Hindutva agenda is driving Patel’s reforms. Steps like the beef ban and removing meat from students’ meal are seen as communal and anti-Muslim moves. The administration has also removed restrictions on the sale of alcohol. These moves have hurt the sentiments of Lakshadweep’s predominantly Muslim population. Protests are growing on the island and in social media. In addition to local residents, celebrities and opposition political parties are calling for withdrawal of the controversial legislations. They are demanding that Patel be recalled. Lakshadweep is strategically located. It lies close to the Maldives and important Sea Lanes of Communications in the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean. The island chain has provided New Delhi with little reason for concern so far. However, the recently introduced changes could turn a peaceful population into an angry and restive one.

coffee is an emotion for many like me.
so talking about me ,in my past days when i used to visit a coffee house quite often not just for a coffee also for the sound of people laughing chatting , their laughter and the different and interesting characters in the room .
i always loved to stare at people and wonder what secret stories they are hinding deep within .i like to admit it that i am very good at judging people so even a slight change in their style used to bother me , i secretly used to guess the stories of the people i see there and pretend to know everyone around even if i have never talked .
so when you feel down , stressfull or a problem you cannot slove go grab a coffee .i am not saying that your life will be perfect by doing so but atleast for a little while you can be in your own world of fantasies with your lovely coffee and come back to reality fresh with a lot of new ideas and solution .


i ofen believe that as long as there was coffee in the world ,how bad could things be ? if you really messed up with someone and words cannot help try to convince him for a coffee and i am 90% sure that he will be on your side after that .welcome in advance because i already know that this is going to work


so all i want to say is that dont be stressfull go have a coffee be happy make the atmosphere cheerfull .cummon just five cups of coffee is not going to kill you or maybe but the ultimate goal was to be happy so anyway you will reach the target so chill have a coffee date and kick your boring day ahead.

money give you more freedom to cover outyour path andhave less constrants on your choise .money is important because it mean being to give your family and children the best education .the best healthcare ,and best start in life.money is important because it mean fewer finacial worries .money is essential commodity that helps you run your life .exchanging goods for good is an older practice and without any money .money has gained its value because peolle are trying to save wealth for future needs .the most important function of money is to serve as a medium of exchange monet money is important because it enables you to ccontrol your life.

We have all heard great things about self-love and the people who manage to master it, when they say it, we feel like it is too much work. Why does the simple process of loving ourselves feel so distant?

To understand that, we must know what self-love is? It is not just the mere act of treating ourselves to our favorite ice-cream, or an hour of massage for relaxation. It is the act of not changing ourselves for the sake of others and staying true to ourselves. There are many forms of self-love. Not changing ourselves at all might be a stupid decision, because the world we live in, is so fast-paced that we will get left behind for sure if we don’t change.

The slight difference between being stupid and being prudent is finding what really defines you. If a characteristic defines you, sets you apart in a crowd, then that is something that you should cherish and not change. Again, if it is something that is minimal, and trivial and causes problem unnecessarily, then you can think of ways in which you can modify it.

We all would have heard of world famous South Korean Boy Band, BTS. It is by their campaign of “Love Yourself, Speak Yourself” that this concept of self-love spread to millions. Due to their huge fan base, ARMY, their message of staying true to ourselves, and loving ourselves for who we are and cherishing ourselves. When speaking about the band themselves, they faced many criticisms and had to face many backlashes for their identity as “Idols”.

They had constant support from their ARMY and they broke down the stereotype of K-Pop and are still breaking records by minute, because they found an identity for themselves and are helping many in their way.

We need not be a great artist or a famous person to find who we are. If you love your home cooked food rather than the fast food, then you have no need to change just because of peer pressure. If you love dressing according to the modern trends, then you can find a way to satisfy the societal norms without degrading yourself.

It is also important to remember that the person we love, should love us for who we are, rather than who we pretend to be for the society. If they force you change something about you because they don’t like it, then it is better you leave them, be it friendship, relationship, whatever it may be. Always remember the people who love you won’t find faults with you, rather appreciate for it. Don’t even compare yourself to other, you might not know what difficulties they might be facing and they might even feel jealous of you for something you have.

So, rather than feeling sorry for ourselves for bad things happening to you, look in the brighter side and be grateful for what you have and try to polish your talents, who knows, you might be the next BTS, helping lost people find their paths and be successful in your life.

 

 

 

 

Coviedshield vs Covaxin

 

Two doses of Covishield vaccine produced more antibodies than Covaxin doses, but there were relatively fewer instances of ‘breakthrough infections’ after the latter, reports a study of healthcare workers  in India.

The study is being peer-reviewed and has been submitted to a journal but appears as a preprint in MedrXiv, an online repository, and is among the few studies of the real world effectiveness of vaccination in India. The study, by a collective of doctors, shows that none of the participants, who were also all doctors and got both doses of vaccines, were ill and only about 6% tested positive at different points of the vaccination schedule. While both vaccines were protective, there were differences in the protection accorded by a single dose of the vaccines. 515 healthcare workers from 13 States and covering 22 cities were evaluated from January to May 2021. Their blood samples were also tested for the presence, quantity of antibodies produced and levels of the specific antibodies that are directed to the spike protein of the virus, widely held to be a proxy of protection. A single dose of Covishield elicited about 10 times the antibodies than Covaxin whereas a second dose narrowed the gap somewhat, with Covishield-triggered antibodies about six times that of Covaxin-stimulated ones, the study found. Though the spike protein remains the key target of most vaccines, ICMR and Bharat Biotech, the makers of Covaxin, have previously said that being a vaccine made out of an inactivated virus, it elicited a ‘broader immune’ response, meaning antibodies aimed at different parts of the coronavirus to neutralise it. T cell immunity, that is reported to elicit a longer lasting protection wasn’t measured in the study. While real world efficacy data of Covaxin and India-centric data on Covishield isn’t public yet, recent studies have shown that most vaccines including Covaxin and Covishield have reduced response to some coronavirus variants such as them .

The study authors also evaluated the relationship of immune response to gender, a history of testing positive for COVID prior to vaccination and co-morbidities. Dr A.K. Singh, of the GD Hospital and Diabetes Institute, Kolkata and among the authors of the paper, said the greater number of infections after the second wave was probably due to the increased number of cases after April and the high exposure of the study participants  all doctors in COVID hospitals to patients during the second wave.

 

By : G Gnana Priya dharshini

 

Pollution in India is a very familiar word to each one of us . We were borne with it and we are facing it . If we want our future children not to suffer from what we are suffering today we have to remove the pollution . Now the question arises how can we do the same ? There are a few measures following that can help us with the same :

Use of Eco friendly products = A lot of products that we use in our daily lives can cause a lot of damage to our nature . Such activities should be stopped as soon as possible .

Reducing dumping of waste = A lot of waste should be recycled instead of dumping in the rivers and drains which can cause immense dangerous effects to the aquatic life . This should be stopped as soon as possible .

Using Bicycles = We all must use bicycles in place of vehicles that consume petrol or diesel which can damage the environment .

These are some steps if we follow can change our lives to the extreme way and should be practiced as soon as possible .

Animal cruelty is a big deal to people all across the world. The meaning of animal cruelty is inflicting pain and causing suffering to any type of animal. Animal cruelty is growing worldwide in today’s society, and the most common identified cruelty’s is scientific research, abandonment, and mistreatment. There are animals all throughout beaten and starved by their heartless owners.

The sadness, pain, and feelings animals have are all the same feelings that humans have when they are treated with cruelty, neglect, and abuse. Animal cruelty is a terrible crime that can lead to serious harm or even death of innocent animals. There are many organizations that are looking to seek help against animal cruelty.

Animal cruelty may not only occur when an owner beats or assaults their pet, but also during animal testing. Some owners are ignorant and do not even realize when they are abusing and neglecting their animals. In most cases though their are owners that are intentionally beating and starving animals. They do not have a voice like we do. It is time to stand up and make a change.

Stricter animal cruelty laws are necessary to prevent and stop the horrendous crimes committed against defenseless animals. Animals are abused in many different ways and it happens way too often.

It is up to us to bring awareness and help animals. All living things have a right to live on this Earth but we become insensitive to their pain, only because animals can’t speak the language of humans.

We see abuse towards animals, but most of us never actually did anything because it is not our “responsibility”. You should not ignore it and you should report it to the police.

Friendship, a state of enduring affection, esteem, intimacy, and trust between two people. In all cultures, friendships are important relationships throughout a

Boost your happiness and reduce your stress. Improve your self-confidence and self-worth. Help you cope with traumas, such as divorce, serious illness, job loss or the death of a loved one.

Encourage you to change or avoid unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as excessive drinking or lack of exercise. life span. FriendshipGood friends are like stars. You don’t always see them, but you know they’re always there. Life was meant for good friends and great adventures.

I would rather walk with a friend in the dark, than alone in the light.6 days agoA good friend walks the talk and shows that they care by their actions – big and small.
1. A good friend:
2. Listen to them. Try to understand a situation from your friend’s point of view. …
3. Get the facts. …
4. Ask them what they need. …
5. Get physical. …
6. Keep in touch. …
7. Tell them how you feel. …
8. Be willing to make a tough call
In the image, there are five stages of friendship development, which are: Stranger, Acquaintance, Casual Friend, Close Friend, and Intimate Friend. I will provide an explanation of the different stages of progression of a friendship