Why Caste Reservations?

The caste-system is something that has been ubiquitously identified with Indian society. It has its roots in ancient traditions and has seen changes over time under various dynasties and regimes. However, the essential notions of assigning position in society by virtue of birth have more or less remained the same. This has led to lower-caste communities becoming victims of the whims of those above them, living lives in deplorable conditions, forced to work in menial jobs, and even considered untouchables who will pollute the higher castes and thus have to live on the fringes of society. Over time, many have fought against the caste system and worked for the upliftment of downtrodden communities who have been exploited and oppressed by those in power.

In the 21st century, many popular media narratives and discourses among privileged sections of society would make it appear that the caste system does not still have a hold in India’s societal structure. Many believe that with the Constitution giving equal rights to all citizens and abolishing untouchability, all caste-based discriminations have ceased to exist. Merit should be the basis for all opportunity, not caste or background, is a common objection. Others opine that it is greatly misused and many who are economically well-off use their caste in-order to get advantages. Still others say that it gives students of lower castes an unfair advantage in academic spaces and other situations. All of these anti-reservation voices work on the fundamental assumption that caste is not an issue in modern-day India. But if one is willing to look into how caste differences are manifested, it will become all too apparent within a very short period of time that this notion of caste-based discrimination still runs deep in our systems and our attitudes. It is a stark reality for millions in this country and is an evil that dehumanizes the individual.

Caste-based reservations exist in order to combat the effects of systemic discrimination and disadvantage that the lower castes have been and continue to be subjected to. Lower caste individuals are even today subjected to discrimination in all spheres from education to employment. Many of them struggle to afford basic education and are often the sole providers for their families by the time they reach college. However, they are faced with difficulties there as well, be it a background of education that has not been as good as that of their peers or even elitist hiring practices in universities that silently discriminate. They continue to face difficulties from various sides even after they enter campuses. Lower caste individuals have barely any representation in public offices and services. Upward mobility for the majority of them is still a dream too far away to reach, and they are continuously caught in structures that are designed to not accommodate them.

It is to improve economic status and living conditions, but also to correct the many wrongs they have been meted out with, and the denial of fundamental rights and opportunities, that reservations seek to address. When one argues that economic status should be the criteria rather than caste, one forgets that in a system fraught with biased attitudes, this will only lead to more higher-caste but perhaps economically backward individuals getting the reservation seats and lesser being available to those of the lower caste. While economic ability is an issue, it is not the same problem as caste issues and has to be dealt with separately even if the two might overlap. Condescending attitudes of apparent saviors who belong to higher castes but who speak ‘for’ the lower castes instead of creating an opportunity for them to speak for themselves is also a bane that has to be resisted.

The continuing existence of the caste system in India is a reality that many would rather not address or even acknowledge since it makes them uncomfortable. It is also this attitude that makes reservations and affirmative actions all the more important. They work towards ensuring a more egalitarian society and should not be done away with until we achieve the end goal of no discrimination. This will require empathy, understanding, and even giving up of privileges taken for granted by many middle- and upper-class folk unless you are able to make it accessible to all sections of society. Social reform, reservation, educating the masses, dismantling of structures designed for the elites, and public awareness of how rampant this issue is would propel this fight for change. We cannot heal wounds that have been inflicted over centuries overnight but we can work towards creating spaces for healing and also ensure that these scars are never inflicted again.

SIGNIFICANCE OF NIA

It is a central agency to counter terrorism under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India. In all countries there are investigation agencies like this. It is not easy to write about all agencies in the world. So, mention here is about the NIA in India. It was created in 2008 after the Mumbai terror attack that year. It can investigate terror cases without the permission from the states. It specially investigates terror offences, waging war against the country offences on nuclear facilities. It can be put into fence only after the country passes an act or the ruling authority gives permission. Always it keeps the global standard.

It is also a storehouse of information on terrorism. With regard to NIA its headquarters at New Delhi, and 8 other regional offices across the country. Always it is headed by a Director General (an IPS Officer). It uses the most scientific methods to investigate cases. There is an utmost importance to human rights and dignity. Facilities a speedy and effective trial. It maintains a cordial relations with the central and state governments and other law enforcement agencies of the country. It also helps the states with the investigation of terror related cases. There was an Amendment Act of NIA in 2019. Now it has to investigate the following new offences.

1.Counterfeit currency or bank notes related offences.

2.Sale or manufacture of prohibited arms.

3. Human trafficking

4. Cyber terrorism

5. Offences under the explosive Substances Act 1908

Now it has the authority to investigate offences that are committed outside Indian territory subject to International treaties and domestic laws of other nations. There is also a special court to conduct trial of scheduled offences. Now there are 38 special NIA courts across the states and seven across the union territories.

Now NIA is dealing with gold smuggling case in kerala.

Dark pages of Lockdown

Due COVID-19 pandemic, in India lockdown was announced on 24th March 2020 by honourable PM. It lastly ended on 31st May. A lockdown is an emergency rule/protocol that prevents people from leaving a particular area. A full lockdown will mean you must stay where you are and not exit or enter a building or that particular area. But it allows for essential supplies, grocery stores, pharmacies and banks to continue to serve the people. All non-essential activities remain shut for the entire period like travel ban, shutting of public places etc.

This lockdown was for decrease the rate of spreading of COVID-19. It also impacted positively on environment i.e cleaner river, greener environment, improvement in Air Quality Index. It also increased in use of technology in education, work and governance.

But it has also impacted people badly. Due to lockdown generally people faced problems which are mentioned below:

Joblessness: many daily wage workers/migrant workers lost their job. Most of the poor still struggling to survive i.e have not food or essential need. Farmers also faced problems of sale of their crops,vegetables etc.

Uncertainty about their salaries: Private employee facing this problem either they will paid or not.

After forced Isolation many peole faced high level of Stress, frustration, anxiety and other mental health problems.

There is also rise in Domestic violence. It involves a pattern of psychological, physical, sexual, financial, emotional abuse.

These problems must be tackle properly and government should launch initiative to overcome the joblessness and improve educational method of learning.

Thanks.

Plea Bargaining

A new chapter,that is Chapter XXI1 on Plea Bargaining has been introduced in the Criminal Procedure Code. It was introduced through the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2005, which was passed by the Parliament in its winter session. It became effective from 5thJuly 2006. Originally Plea Bargaining is an American concept its origin can be traced back in America during the 19thCentury. Over the years Plea bargaining has emerged as a prominent feature of the American Judicial System.

What is Plea Bargaining?

Plea Bargaining can be described as a process whereby the accused may bargain with the prosecution for a lesser punishment. In simple words, Plea Bargaining is an agreement (contract) between the accused and the prosecution regarding disposition of the criminal charge levelled by the prosecution against the accused. In layman’s language, it is bargaining done by the accused of a serious and severe offence, with the authority for a lighter punishment in lieu of a full-fledged trial.

An agreement as a result of negotiation between the prosecution and defence (at time, also the judge) which settles a criminal case, usually in exchange for a more lenient punishment. Typically the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser crime or for a fewer charges than originally charged, in exchange for a more lenient punishment than the defendant would get if convicted at trial. It is seen as a win-win for all the parties as the prosecution has a certain conviction on the record, the defendant is provided a more lenient sentence than the risk of a higher one at trial and the judge is freed to move to other  cases and dispute to resolve.
Plea Bargaining can conclude a criminal case without a trial. When it is successful, Plea Bargaining results in a plea agreement between the prosecutor and defendant. In this agreement, the defendant agrees to plead guilty without a trial, and, in return the prosecutor agrees to dismiss certain charges or make favourable sentence recommendation to the court. Plea Bargaining is expressly authorized in statutes and in court rules.

Features of Plea Bargaining

  1. It is applicable on the offense which is punishable with imprisonment for not more than 7 years.
  2. Deposition of the case on mutually agreed terms.
  3. A possible concession to accused or culprit by the prosecuting authority.
  4. The negotiation must be done under judicial purview.

Types of Plea Bargaining

  1. Charge Bargaining
  2. Sentence Bargaining
  3. Fact Bargaining

Benefits of Plea Bargaining

i. Time saving

ii. Money saving

iii. No mental strains

iv. Guaranteed solutions

Who can file Plea Bargaining?

Plea Bargaining is an application for all those whose trail is pending. The accused should be eighteen years or more. The accused should have commit offense for which the punishment is not more than 7 years.

When it can be filed?

It can be filed before the commencement of the actual trail or on any point of the pendency of trail.

Exceptions

I. The acts which are Scio-economic in nature some are as follows :

1.Sati Prevention Act

2. Dowry Prohibition Act

3. The immoral Traffic Prevention Act

4. The Army Act, 1950

5. The Explosive Act, 1884

6. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offense Act, 2012.

According to IPC :

Section 115, Section 119, Section 302, Section 305 etc the offense which carry punishment for more than seven years.

Recent case on Plea Bargaining?

Tablighi Jamaat Case

A Delhi court allowed some foreign nationals from Thailand to walk free on the plea bargaining process after they accepted mild charges in connection with a Tablighi Jamaat congregation at Nizamuddin Markaz here. Metropolitan Magistrate Gagndeep allowed 34 Thailand nationals to walk free on plea bargaining and imposed a fine of Rs, 6,000 each while seven Thai nationals claimed trial.

The foreign nationals from Thailand were represented by advocate Ashima Mandla. The fine has been paid to the PM CARES fund as per the direction of the court, Mandla said.

The court had earlier said that there was prima facie sufficient material on record to proceed against the accused persons under Section14 (b) Foreigners Act, 1946, under provisions of the Epidemic Diseases Act, the Disaster Management Act, and the Indian Penal Code.

Thereafter, the court had summoned all the 41 accused of Thailand who were charge-sheeted in 48 charge sheets and 11 supplementary charge sheets, filed by Crime Branch of Delhi Police in the matter. The court had directed them to physically appear from the court.

The court has recently granted bail to many foreign nationals in connection with the cases related to Tablighi Jamaat congregation in March this year, which had reportedly become an epi centre of COVID-19 spread across the country.

Retention Policies

Repository Administrators can define document retention and archiving policies. A retention policy allows repository administrators to permanently delete (purge) older documents or documents that meet a certain criteria. For example, a policy could be created to mark documents of a particular matter type for deletion when a specified number of days or years has passed after the matter closed date. 

Retention Policies will support policies based on matter type, matter closing date, and other criteria. Administrators will have a chance to confirm a mass deletion before purging documents when retention policies indicate they should be purged.

Creating and Activating Retention Policies

When the document retention policies feature is enabled, a link will be available on the Repository Administration page:

The “Document Retention Policies” page will appear as follows:

Click “Add a new policy” to define a new policy:

The policy’s fields are described below.

After defining a retention policy, click OK. The dialog will close and the underlying page will update to show the new retention policy. 

Name:

The policy name field will allow only letters, digits, spaces, dashes, and forward slashes. The maximum name length is 25 characters.  

Description:

Administrators can add a description to retention policies in the description field on the Retention Policy dialog. Policy descriptions are limited to 120 characters.

“Policy is active” defaults to unchecked. 

Document Criteria:

The document criteria dropdown contains the names of all the repository’s custom attributes except for Notes type field. There will be an additional entry for each attribute with “ Type” appended to the attribute name. 

If there are no non-Notes type custom attributes in the repository, a message will display saying “Profile attributes must be defined before retention policies can be added.”

Retention Period:

The first field on the Retention Period line will accept numeric entries between 1 and 9999.  The first Retention period dropdown’s values are “years” and “days”; the default is years. The second retention period dropdown’s values are “last modified date” and “xxx closing date”, where xxx is the attribute selected for Document Criteria.

Using Parent-Child Attributes

If a linked parent attribute is selected in the Document criteria dropdown of the Retention Policy Definition dialog, an additional set of fields for the child attribute will be displayed:

The child attribute drop-down lists the child attributes of the selected parent attribute plus a blank entry. The 2nd Retention period drop-down will include a closing date entry for the child attribute if one is selected, and a closing date entry for the parent attribute if no child attribute is selected.

Using Lookup Buttons

On the retention policy definition page you will be provided with a lookup buttton.  The retention period is keyed off the workspace attribute’s closing date even when the workspace attribute is not used in the selection criteria.

The lookup button on this dialog acts like it does on the Advanced Search page. If multiple values are selected, then each value is automatically surrounded by parentheses and an OR operator is automatically inserted between values.

If workspaces have been enabled for any cabinets in the repository the trigger date listbox will include an entry for the workspace attribute closing date, i.e. “Matter closing date.” If the document criteria attribute is the same as a workspace attribute, the attribute will not be listed twice in the listbox.

Activating Policies

When “Activate selected policies” is clicked, all the marked policies will be set to active.

When “Deactivate selected policies” is clicked, all the marked policies will be set to inactive.

When “Delete selected policies” is clicked, a confirmation message box will display asking if the user is sure he/she wants to delete the selected policies. If he/she confirms the deletion, the selected policies will be deleted.

When you click OK on the Document Retention Policies page, all the changes will be saved.  Clicking Cancel will discard the changes.  You will be returned to the Repository Administration page.

Retention Policy History

An unalterable record is available of all changes made to purging rules.

Each activation and deactivation of a document retention policy is recorded.  Edits and deletions of active retention policies (but not of inactive deletion policies) are recorded.  Each of these records will include the current date/time, the user who performed the action, the name of the policy, and the policy’s criteria and retention period.  If the policy name is changed both the old name and the new name are included in the log entry.

A link to view the Retention Policy Log is found at the bottom of the Retention Policies page:

A Retention policy history will look like this: (with records sorted chronologically)

NOTE: A repository’s retention policy log is deleted automatically when the repository is deleted.

TOXIC POSITIVITY


We live in a world where being positive is supposed to be one of the most important characteristics of an individual can possess. But is it normal to be positive round the clock? Is it healthy? We see multiple posts on social media to be positive and the famous line “Good vibes only” as a common caption under such posts. These posts suggest that the only way to deal with life is to be optimistic all the time and disregard any other complex feeling you might be feeling. Positivity is different for everyone but it is also healthy to recognize other feelings of despair or sadness or feel hopeless. A lot of us feel the pressure to feel and be happy all the time as though we are living the best time of our life covering up what we actually feel. Normally, we feel sad or desperate or lonely at times, that’s human nature. There is no one way to feel happy but quotes like “good vibes only” seems to put us a layer of fake happiness rather than acknowledging them
What is toxic positivity?
Toxic positivity is a culture or concept where being positive all the time regardless of the situation is promoted as an ideal way to live and any feeling that causes negative feelings is neglected or disregarded. It seems like quite a plan to deal with tough situations but ignoring unpleasant feelings only makes them bigger. Ignoring unpleasant feelings can lead to bigger problems such as depression and anxiety. Toxic positivity makes you feel like you are flawed if you don’t feel happy all the time and being happy all the time is the only true way to live. Good vibes only, smile more, or think happy are part of the idea that you ignore any other uncomfortable feelings.
Neglecting any feeling makes them a bigger problem because they are unprocessed. It is normal for us as human beings to feel a wide array of feelings. Snubbing any emotion doesn’t do well to our mental health. We need to recognize the complex feelings that we feel.


Toxic positivity during lockdown –
Many people have openly and extensively discussed on social media that they will use this time of lockdown to learn a new language or read a book or learn new skills, while this is nothing wrong but it makes a large chunk of us who use this time to recuperate or use this period to rest feel like we are a failure and flawed beings because we don’t do the same things. Promoting the idea that we always have to be productive during a lockdown steals our right to have bad days. Rejecting emotions when you should have addressed put a damper in the mood. It’s completely okay to treat the lockdown as vacation and sleep all day or if we learn a new language. There is no one right way to feel emotions as all of us are different and have different ways we care about ourselves and others.


Ways to avoid being toxic positive person –
We first need to accept our negative emotions and figure out why we are feeling that way. Speaking to a friend or parent or writing down our feelings positive and negative decreases the intensity of emotions. We need to give our self permission to understand and feel all complex emotions. We need to learn to be kinder to ourselves and our flaws. We need to acknowledge our pain, we should not shame ourselves or others for feeling the way we feel. This is our first pandemic and sadly we don’t have self-help books to help us through this pandemic. We all are new to this situation; we should be kinder to others and ourselves. This lock-down has been hard for all of us and the world could use some kindness in any way form. We need to understand that we are not pleasant all the time and pay attention to our fleeting emotions and understand them.

Modi calls for reformed multilateralism at UN

While high speaking a dialogue in UN’s Economic and social council (ECOSOC) has called for reformed multilaterlism . During this address the prime minister has spoken about India’s efforts against the Covid -19 pandemic and he has highlighted how the multilaterlism institutions such as the UN are outdated and he has reminded the world that this multilateral institutions are the relic of the world war era.In this context the prime minister has given a call for reforming Multilaterlism by providing opportunities for emerging powers such as India and he has made case for a permanent seat at the UN security council . This push for reformed multilaterlism given by the prime minister is inline with India’s long standing complain that united nations and other multilateral platforms they do not reflect the current geo-political realities and they are outdated institutions that date back to the world war era .

ECOSOC was established in 1945 as one of the six main organs of the United Nations.This council deals with the social and economic initiatives of the UN council and is said to the very heart of the UN council as it is promoting all the three dimensions of the sustainable developments -economic development ,social developments and environmental developments.It formulates the policies recommendation address to achieve internationally agreed goals and works with various other multilateral institutions such the World bank ,IMF etc.It acts as a platform for fostering debate and innovative thinking and it tries to built the consensus on the ways forward,and coordinating efforts to achieve internationally agreed goals under the sustainable development goals of the UN.The council is made of 54 member states, which are elected yearly by the UNGCA assembly for overlapping three year terms.seats on the council are allocated ensuring equitable geographic rotation among the united Nation regional groups. The President of the council is elected for one year term and the convention is that it is always chosen from the small or mid sized countries in order to give the greater voice for the smaller power when it comes to addressing the socio -economic challenges of the world.The presidency rotates among the United Nations regional groups in order to ensure equal representaions.

Teaching in times of Corona

We are living through times of unprecedented change and confusion. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to mankind in every realm imaginable, urging as to rethink the way we have approached social activities as well as everyday tasks that we so far did without second thoughts. Work from home has become the norm for most IT companies and trade has moved largely online. Perhaps the most visible of all shifts is in the education sector with all educational institutions having been shut down for months with no definite time for reopening. Since learning cannot be paused, teaching has moved online as well. This has brought with it multiple challenges – from questions of accessibility to apprehension over a widening digital divide to difficulty in ensuring the students understand and the limited interaction possible. While online education is a viable alternative in most western countries, it is far from ideal and is only a poor substitute for classrooms in a developing country like India.

While we can agree that students all over the country, particularly from rural backgrounds, are facing a severe challenge with this new mode of learning, we also understand that teachers have been finding the shift extremely difficult as well. If many tech-savvy students who are used to spending much time online or facing a screen is finding the shift strenuous, it is natural that teachers who have spent years teaching on a blackboard would find it more so. Along with the challenges of learning how to use technology in a way that allows students to learn better and maximizes opportunities for optimum holistic engagement, teachers also face other concomitant issues.

photo of kid playing with kinetic sand while watching through imac
Photo by Julia M Cameron on Pexels.com

While at home, many of them, like their students, are unable to access proper internet or gadgets which will make their work easier. They also have longer days where much time is spent worrying over internet connections and whether they are able to teach the students well. Particularly for teachers of younger classes, making videos that will capture the attention of seven-year-olds, and being able to anticipate their reactions are a huge task. Many teachers also need to be involved with whatever is happening at home or in the places that they are staying. The privilege of being uninterrupted while teaching is not one that is available to all.

Teachers also say that they are unable to connect with their students and help them with their questions or doubts. And if a new academic year which is completely online is to commence soon, a batch of students the teacher has never met will be learning from her. It is impossible with our current limitations and methods to forge meaningful relationships that used to exist in the class. Another major issue that has come up is that of the student response. Teachers have come out with stories of rude and condescending behavior from students. Many students who dare not say anything otherwise have turned to mocking teachers and interrupting classes, flaunting their strength from behind a screen. This has led to public outrage but also largescale demoralizing of teachers. Burnouts have become common and many worry that they are unable to deliver according to the expectations and needs of those they are teaching.

It is time to come together and support each other more than ever now. The challenges faced by those on the teaching side should be taken as seriously as that of the students. Only if those are addressed adequately can we ensure that a semblance of normal learning can be maintained within our digital classrooms. Their voices have to be heard and amplified. They should also be provided with solutions to their issues so that the entire education sector does not suffer.

Vaccine

A vaccine works the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens, either viruses or bacteria. To this do the certain molecules from this pathogen must be introduced to the human body to trigger in an the immune responses. Then these are called as the antigens, they are present of all the bacteria. By the injecting these are the antigens into the body by the immune can safely can learning to the recognize them as hostile invaders, produce antibodies, remember the future. If then the bacteria of virus reappears, the immune system immediately and attack aggressively as well as the before the pathogen spread and cause sickness.

POLIO VACCINE – CDC recommends for the children gets of the four doses of polio vaccine. They are should one dose of the following ages which is he 2 months, months old, 6 to the 18 months of old, and 4 to 6 years old children. Why polio dose is important of vaccine? – The children’s are united state should inactivated polio vaccine to protect against by the polio or poliomyelitis. They should gets the four doses. One doses at each following ages are the – 2 months. 4 months 6 months 4 through 6 year old

When the children who is travelling to a country where risk of getting polio icon should complete the series are the leaving for the trip. If a children are not to be series before leaving, an accelerated as follows.

1 dose of the age 6 weeks The second dose of 4 more weeks after first dose. The third dose 4 more weeks after second The fourth dose of 6 more months after the third dose.

Over 100 studies are the way to find of vaccine for COVID -19. Vaccination is the one of the world’s most successful health intervention, saving as many as 3 million lives every year. But the further 1.5 million death of year could be avoided with the improved global coverage. Cost of the conflict and vaccine hesitancy are the barriers. Vaccination is the most of successful important development in the human health and saving million of lives a year, according to the world health organization.

In the china where as the outbreak was the first reported are the five vaccine already being in of the human and government say that is in of the ready to end of year. Now the transition is reduce to a reduced serum the medium for human diploid cells without sacrificing cells growth expression, The reduced medium is a combination of two medium which is support to vaccine manufacture under serum free condition with diploid cells such as the growth may be the accomplish with 2% Serum free.

some time to take for cure with the help of vaccine against the diseases – The vaccine is may be month or a year of to the complete, then since a sufficient time of period must be elapse for the subjects to read the vaccine and develop the required antibodies.

BENEFITS – he vaccine is can be freeze dried stored because there no risk killing the pathogen as there is with live attenuated vaccine, they are also safer without any risk of the virus or Bactria mutating back into its the diseases causing forms.

COMPULSORY MILITARY TRAINING FOR YOUTH IN INDIA

Defence is an important and integral part of a nation’s life. For centuries wars have been fought among different people. Even in modern times, wars have not been removed from life. In some part of the world or other two nations have been at war with each other during the past decade or two. Many of the developed nations top are spending large amounts for the defence of their borders. In the name of defence they have been accumulating weapons of war. New techniques and new technology are utilised in building up arms. In short, every nation is interested in strengthening its military power. The preparations for defence have diverted huge amounts to defence while they could have been used for progressive measures and developmental projects.

WWhen importance is given to military power by some nations, it is quite natural that other nations, especially in contiguous parts, should also think of improving their defence. Hence, it has become a pertinent question whether India too should go in for the strengthening of its military power and whether military training for her youth should be given without delay.

For any country a standing armed force is essential. Every nation has its own army, air force and navy. Much money is spent on recruitment of people for these wings of the defence set up for their maintenance and development. These forces are expected to defend the country. But it is felt that a second line of defence would be necessary. Many feel that compulsory military training should be provided for our youth. This is based on the experience in other countries.

Compulsory military training is only one of the means through which youth could make themselves useful to their country. It is said that in many foreign countries such a training is given. When young men reach a certain age they have to give up whatever occupation they might be following at the moment and take up a course in military science be they students in the universities or workers in factories. They may go back to their original occupation, if they so desire, after the training is over, or they may take up a regular course in military science. Such a training helps them to defend their country in times of emergency when there is pressure on the regular armed forces. This training is compulsory for all able bodied persons.

Apart from this aspect, military training is useful in other ways. Life in our country today has become notorious for acts of violence and indiscipline in many walks of life, in many parts. Regionalism, Communalism and linguist and religious fanaticism breed indiscipline and chaos. Under these circumstances, military training will be of great value in making everyone understand the worth of discipline. It is found that the students in NCC or the ACC are different from others in many ways.

Military training is also useful in other ways. The sense of discipline that is instilled into youth, the habit of service and dedication and selfless work help people in peace time activities also. When there are natural calamities like floods, quakes and drought, those who serve in the armed forces can do service to the distressed people. They can be expected to be quick and efficient in doing their duty and in the execution of any work that may be given to them. If the country is to derive valuable benefits, compulsory military training must be an indispensable factor of life.

Money Matters!

With time, money is the only thing that has became so important today and is continously needed everyday by everyone.

Money is the constant need and demanded by every human in the world. Without money, there is nothing anyone can buy today and without money its difficult to live now.

Earlier people were happy without money. The times where barter exchange were in place. There wasn’t use of money but still people found happiness in those simple things. At that time, money was not much of importance to the people.

After development of coins and currency notes, the world has changed. Happiness is found in the money and without money there is no happiness. In order to survive today, money plays an crucial role today for poor to the rich ones.

Money has changed the idea of happiness and today you can see every person is chasing money be it for basic needs or be it for to buy anything.

The poor, the middle class, and the rich class; every class of society are chasing behind money and constantly are working or are putting efforts to get money in order to survive. The poor ones or daily wage earners have to put in efforts everyday to get the money for buying basic things or necessities for his family. Everyday the daily wage earners earns so that they can feed themselves and their family.

The middle class have three classes: lower middle class, middle class and the upper middle class. All the levels are at a situation where they are rich from the poor and daily earners but are poor than the rich ones. The middle class people also needs money and works hard daily to earn money. The rich class or the luxury people even after being rich still constantly chase behind money and think of becoming more rich. No matter the levels, money is needed by everyone to buy or do anything in this world.

Well, if there is ‘money‘ then there is everything. Constantly people are running behind and chasing money and have forgot to live the life or to find happiness without money.

Considering the lockdown, still we need money in our pockets to go out. We need money for stepping out of the house, no matter lockdown exists or not. To travel you need money, to make something you need money, to live daily you need money, to go out with anyone you need money, for education, for health, for work, for every single little thing you need money.

Without money, there is no value of people. If someone has money, then only he is valued. Silly, right? But it is the fact today. Money buys you happiness today. Those who have money are respected by others. Money brings status to people. Money brings luxury and comfort. These are the mindsets that have taken place over the years.

Every human runs after money and the whole life of any human revolves around money. Every individual thinks about money every single day and the means to earn it.

Today, there is no peace or real happiness in anyone’s life. Money brings happiness for sometime but no peace. Money is the only thing that is never enough for anyone. We constantly need money for anything. We can’t live without money today. It has become such an important part of our lives that it is impossible to live without money today or in future as well.

Every thing is related to money. With money, we can buy anything but not peace or real happiness. Gone are the days when people used to be happy without money. But now, imagining living without money is not possible ever.

No matter how much rich or poor you are, you need money. It is an essential thing which is the constant need for every class of people in the society.

Money has took over the place of happiness in lives. People chase money so much that they have forgot that there is a life beyond money. But, the reality is different. ‘Aaj Paisa hai toh sab kuch hain.’

Who said? The basic necessities are food,shelter and water. No, the basic necessities in order to live is money first and then these. Without money, there is no food or shelter or water.

Nothing is free today. If you have money then only you can buy whatever you want to. Money was introduced or invented so that it can be a common medium of exchange that is accepted by everyone replacing with barter system. But who knew? That one day this invention would be so important or dominant in the world.

Money has changed lives but we can’t also deny that it has ruined many lives. The sufferings of people without money. People dying because of hunger due to lack of money. People dying or taking up their lives because of no money due to which they can’t feed themselves and their families. People dying due to certain diseases which requires lakhs of money and are incapable to do so. People involving in thefts or crimes for money.

No matter how much necessary money is today still it is one of the reason or you can say main reason for such happenings or for someone’s sadness or pain. Money has became more important compared to humanity.

To be honest, there is no humanity left around. People are busy in making money or earning money that they forget to help anyone in need.

People forget to live their lives and make memories or spend time with their families or their close ones and constantly busy in chasing money. Today, as the pandemic hit the world we as people are at our homes with our families and close ones and have got the opportunity to understand that in the end spending time with your family matters and brings you more happiness than money. In the end our life is more important.

Money matters and will always be needed for each and everything but making or keeping money more important than your family or close ones is incorrect. We need to understand that money will be always important but not every happiness is bought by money.

ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Entrepreneurs who are business leaders look for ideas and puts them into effect in nurturing economic growth and development. They play the most important role in the economic growth and development of Indian economy. An entrepreneur plays a pivotal role not only in the development of industrial sector of a country but also in the development of farm and service sector. The major roles played by an entrepreneur in the economic development of an economy are as follows:

• Promotes Capital Formation- Entrepreneurs promote capital formation by mobilizing the idle savings of our citizens. They employ resources for setting up their enterprises. Such types of entrepreneurial activities lead to value addition and creation of wealth, which is very essential for the industrial and economic development of India.

• Employment Generation- Entrepreneurs provide instant large-scale employment to the unemployed which is an unending problem of India. Small entrepreneurs provide self employment to artisans, technically qualified persons and professionals.

• Entrepreneurs promote development of industries- They help to remove regional disparities by industrializing rural and backward areas. The growth of industries and business in these areas lead to a large number of public benefits like road transport, health, education, entertainment, etc. They help to reduce the problems of congestion, slums and population in cities by providing employment and incomes to them. They help to improve the standard of living in sub-urban and rural areas.

• Reduces Concentration of Economic Power- Industrial development normally leads to concentration of economic power in the hands of a few individuals which results in the growth of monopolies. Entrepreneurs contribute towards the development of society by reducing concentration of income and wealth.

• Wealth Creation and Distribution- It stimulates impartial redistribution of wealth and income in the interest of the country to more people and geographic areas, thus giving benefit to larger sections of the society. Entrepreneurial activities also ensure equitable distribution of income and wealthy by inculcating the spirit of entrepreneurship amongst people thereby providing them self employment with limited resources.

• Increasing GDP and Per Capita Income- Entrepreneurs are always looking out for opportunities. They encourage effective resource mobilization of capital and skill, bring in new products and services and develops markets for growth of the economy. In this way, they help increasing gross national product as well as per capita income of the people in our nation.

• Improvement in the Standard of Living- Entrepreneurs adopt latest innovations in the production of wide variety of goods and services in large scale that too at a lower cost. This enables the people to avail better quality goods at lower prices which results in the improvement of their standard of living.

• Promotes Country’s Export Trade- Entrepreneurs earn valuable foreign exchange through increased exports. They produce goods and services in large scale for the purpose earning huge amount of foreign exchange from export. This ensures economic independence and development.

• Induces Backward and Forward Linkages- Entrepreneurs work in an environment of changing technology and try to maximize profits by innovation. This induces backward and forward linkages which stimulate the process of economic development in the country.

• Facilitates Overall Development- Entrepreneurs act as catalytic agent for change which results in chain reaction. Once an enterprise is established, the process of industrialization is set in motion. This unit will generate demand for various types of units required by it and there will be so many other units which require the output of this unit. This leads to overall development of an area due to increase in demand and setting up of more and more units.

Lucid Dream

Lucid dreaming is a form of dreaming in which you are able to control your own dreams. Most of us, generally can’t control our dreams. That is mainly because in that moment, we think that this (the dream) is real. But the moment we wake up, we realize it wasn’t real. When we try to recall it, we might only remember about 7 % of the dream.

Lucid dreaming is basically when an individual is fully aware that they are dreaming while they really asleep. This let’s us have a certain degree of control of our dreams. People who get reoccurring nightmares, or have a desire to spend a little bit more time with their loved one who has passed away take help from this phenomenon.

Steps that can help you lucid dream.

1. Keep a dream journal. Immediately after you wake up, write in a journal about all the details that you remember from your dreams. Keep it next to your bed and make it a habit to write in it the next day. At first, you probably won’t have much to write. But with practice and consistency, you will be able to recall even the smallest details of your dreams.

2. Self-fulfilling prophecy. Before sleeping, keep reminding yourself to be aware of your surroundings. The longer you do that, the higher your chances are to be aware in your sleep. As we are usually not aware of the fact that we are dreaming, we are unable to control it. But by doing this, we slowly but gradually start getting aware of the fact that we are dreaming.

3. Mnemonic introduction of lucid dreams (MILD). It can be done right before you fall asleep. All you have to do is rehearse the dream that want to see and say, ‘I will be aware and I will dream this’. Now chances are that you won’t get it right the very first time. But again, persistency is the key. Keep saying that to yourself every time you are about to fall asleep. It will take time, but it will come to you.

4. Reality Check. By asking yourself if you are dreaming in the middle of the dream, can help you lucid dream. This is because of the fact that by asking yourself this question, in a way you are trying to stay aware of your dream. This one is hard, because naturally this question won’t immediately click to you. With some practice and will power, you can remember to ask yourself this question. After you ask this question, like in the movie ‘Inception’ you can check this by looking at a clock. If the clock is moving at it’s usual slow pace, you are not dreaming. But if time is moving drastically, you are still dreaming. It basically helps your recognize reality and dreams.

All these methods of lucid dreaming will only work if you constantly practice doing so. You need to be regular with these particular habits and after some time, viola! You will be doing whatever you want to instead of having no control on your dreams whatsoever!

Wasting Minds: Is The Education System Failing Us?

If the purpose for learning is to score well on a test, we’ve lost sight of the real reason for learning.

– Jeannie Fulbright

Education is the form of learning that directs each individual to pursue his interests, to sharpen his skills, to become comfortably employable. The ultimate effects of education may vary from teaching others to take the nation forward to creating world class technologies depending on the individuals. It is different from being literate which is simply defined as being able to ‘read, write and speak. Education system on India in the olden days of Takshila and Nalanda Universities relied on creativity and was famous in the whole world for it. It was the scope for creativity that education provided that fulfilled it’s purpose of developing the society in totality. There is no point of educating an individual without having an effect, directly or indirectly, on the society.

Presently, the Indian Education System is in fiasco, mostly owing to shoddy politics. It now focuses on rewarding rote learning sans understanding, penalising those who question, suppressing free thought and pigeon-holing clueless kids into “streams” and yet manages to combine the corruption and ineptitude of the public services with the greed of the private. Did I forget to mention the abysmally low salaries for teachers and the utter incapability of society to deal with failure?

The entire ranking list of toppers is an unapologetic hierarchy of rote learning, where we’re never ashamed of showcasing the performance of disability. The day since rote learning has replaced knowledge as a standardized way of judgement, it has become more of fierce, dark competition, where children chase absolutely nothing. Celebrating success of this kind was meant to be an all-round personal achievement and not a standard system a failed competition in education. Succeeding in a hollow system like the one that prevails now, is even more worse than not gathering enough knowledge and failing a number of times.

The system is so sick that it has become an antithesis of the pleasure in knowledge acquirement and freedom. With such imprudent exaltation of so called toppers furthermore makes the entire failed system even more worse and disheartening to the not so called toppers, rather the victims of a still failed system. The entire definition of “excellence” is being misjudged. Perfection is unattainable, and in this case, is a complete trick of misjudgement.

Education system was meant to come out with a strategy that would scrap discrimination and not jeopardize the learning process. Authorities shouldn’t teach us displeasing habits of grading every human being out there by a completely wrong system, rather they should join hands to cultivate a sense of morality, joy of learning in every individual and aim towards an all-round development of a human being than pushing towards the death end of a cliff with all sort of cursed strategies.

The ongoing pandemic only magnified the shortcomings of the education system.
The structure of schooling and learning, including teaching and assessment methodologies, was the first to be affected by these closures. Only a handful of private schools could adopt online teaching methods. Their low-income private and government school counterparts, on the other hand, have completely shut down for not having access to e-learning solutions. The students, in addition to the missed opportunities for learning, no longer have access to healthy meals during this time and are subject to economic and social stress.

The pandemic has significantly disrupted the higher education sector as well, which is a critical determinant of a country’s economic future. A large number of Indian students—second only to China—enrol in universities abroad, especially in countries worst affected by the pandemic, the US, UK, Australia and China. Many such students have now been barred from leaving these countries. If the situation persists, in the long run, a decline in the demand for international higher education is expected.

Parents, students, and employers must demand that our institutions deliver real capability and not empty certificates. Let us stamp our vote to those leaders who can make this happen. Let us not keep quiet till we get what we deserve. But with the right to raise our voices comes the responsibility to stay invested. Media must capture this moment and ensure that those in power heed this call. It must hold them accountable for action.
It is our children’s future, not our ancestor’s pride, that deserves our outrage first.

Only then can we begin to unleash the potential of our 100 million young minds.

ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS

Section 3 of the Competition Act, 2002 is the substantive provision in the Competition Law dealing with anti-competitive agreements and arrangements. An anti-competitive agreement is an agreement having an appreciable adverse effect on the competition. This Section prohibits any agreement in respect of production, supply, distribution, storage, acquisition or control of goods and services which causes, or likely to cause an applicable adverse effect on the competition in India. Thus there are two essential requirements to bring into operation Section 3(1):

  • There should be an agreement
  • The agreement should cause an appreciable adverse effect on competition in the market in India

An agreement is anti-competitive if it causes or is likely to cause an adverse effect on the competition. The term appreciable adverse effect has not been defined in the Act. In the case of Haridas Exports v. All India Float Glass Manufacturers Association (2002), the Supreme Court observed that the words appreciable adverse effect on competition embraces acts, contracts, agreements or combinations which operate to the prejudice of the public interests by unduly restricting competition or unduly obstructing the due course of the trade.

Proviso to Section 3 provides that the aforesaid criteria shall not apply to Joint ventures entered with the aim to increase efficiency in production, supply, distribution, acquisition and control of goods or services.

HORIZONTAL AGREEMENTS

Horizontal agreements are agreements between enterprises at the same stage of production. Section 3(3) provides that such agreements includes cartels, engaged in identical or similar trade of goods or provisions of services, which-

  • Directly or indirectly determines purchases or sale prices.
  • Limits or controls production and supply.
  • Share the market or source of production
  • Directly or indirectly results in bid rigging or collusive bidding.

Under the Competition Act, 2002, horizontal agreements are placed in a special category and are subject to the adverse presumption of being anti-competitive. this is known as ‘per se’ rule. This implies that if there exists a horizontal agreement under Section 3(3) of the Act, then it will be presumed that such an agreement is anti-competitive and has an appreciable adverse effect on competition.

VERTICAL AGREEMENTS

Vertical agreements are those agreements which are entered into between two or more enterprises operating at different levels of production. For instance between suppliers and dealers. Other examples of anti-competitive vertical agreements include:

  • Exclusive supply agreement and refusal to deal.
  • resale price maintenance
  • tie-in arrangements
  • Exclusive distribution agreements

The ‘per se’ rule as applicable for horizontal agreements does not apply for vertical agreements. Hence, a vertical agreement is not per se anti-competitive or does not have an appreciable adverse effect on competition.

IPR EXCEPTIONS

Section 3(5)(i) of the Act provides an exception, from the adverse effect of Section 3 to the right of any person to restrain any infringement of, or to impose reasonable conditions, as may be necessary for protecting any of his rights which have been conferred upon him under:-

  • The Copyright Act, 1957
  • The Patents Act, 1970
  • The Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958
  • The Geographical Indications of Goods ( Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  • The Design Act, 2000
  • The Semi-Conductor and Integrated Circuits Layout Design Act, 2000

The effect of Section 3(5) is that entire Section 3 dealing with prohibition of anti-competitive agreements will not apply where the owner of any intellectual property rights under the enactments provided above does not anything in the exercise of his right of restrain the infringement of any of those rights, or imposes reasonable conditions as may be necessary for the protection of any of those rights. In the case FICCI-Multiplex Association of India v. United Producers/ Distributors Forum & Ors.(2011), it was held that the extend of non obstante clause in Section 3(5) of the Act is not absolute as is clear from the language used therein and it exempts the right holder from the rigors.

“Women” as Entrepreneurs in India:

Women owned businesses are highly increasing in the economies of almost all countries.
The hidden entrepreneurial potentials of women have gradually been changing with the growing sensitivity to the role and economic status in the society. Skill, knowledge and adaptability in business are the main reasons for women to emerge into business ventures.


‘Women Entrepreneur’ is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. A strong desire to do something positive is an inbuilt quality of entrepreneurial women, who is capable of contributing values in both family and social life.


With the advent of media, women are aware of their own traits, rights and also the work situations. The glass ceilings are shattered and women are found indulged in every line of business from pappad to power cables. The challenges and opportunities provided to the women of digital era are growing rapidly that the job seekers are turning into job creators. They are flourishing as designers, interior decorators, exporters, publishers, garment manufacturers and still exploring new avenues of economic participation. In India, although women constitute the majority of the total population, the entrepreneurial world is still a male dominated one. Women in advanced nations are recognized and are more prominent in the business world.

PROBLEMS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR IN INDIA:-
Major problems faced by the Women Entrepreneurs can be described as:
• Lack of Confidence: In general, women lack confidence in their strength and competence. The family members and the society are reluctant to stand beside their entrepreneurial growth. To a certain extent, this situation is changing among Indian women and yet to face a tremendous change to increase the rate of growth in entrepreneurship.


• Socio-Cultural Barriers: Women’s family and personal obligations are sometimes a great barrier for succeeding in business career. Only few women are able to manage both home and business efficiently, devoting enough time to perform all their responsibilities in priority.


• Market-Oriented Risks: Stiff competition in the market and lack of mobility of women make the dependence of women entrepreneurs on middleman indispensable.
Many business women find it difficult to capture the market and make their products popular. They are not fully aware of the changing market conditions and hence can effectively utilize the services of media and internet.


• Motivational Factors: Self motivation can be realized through a mind set for a successful business, attitude to take up risk and behavior towards the business society by shouldering the social responsibilities. Other factors are family support, Government policies, financial assistance from public and private institutions and also the environment suitable for women to establish business units.


• Knowledge in Business Administration: Women must be educated and trained constantly to acquire the skills and knowledge in all the functional areas of business management. This can facilitate women to excel in decision making process and develop a good business network.


• Awareness about the Financial Assistance: Various institutions in the financial sector extend their maximum support in the form of incentives, loans, schemes etc. Even then every woman entrepreneur may not be aware of all the assistance provided by the institutions. So the sincere efforts taken towards women entrepreneurs may not reach the entrepreneurs in rural and backward areas.


• Exposed to the Training Programs: Training programs and workshops for every type of entrepreneur is available through the social and welfare associations, based on duration, skill and the purpose of the training program. Such programs are really useful to new, rural and young entrepreneurs who want to set up a small and medium scale unit on their own.


• Identifying the Available Resources: Women are hesitant to find out the access to cater their needs in the financial and marketing areas. In spite of the mushrooming growth of associations, institutions, and the schemes from the government side, women are not enterprising and dynamic to optimize the resources in the form of reserves, assets mankind or business volunteers.


Highly educated, technically sound and professionally qualified women should be encouraged for managing their own business, rather than dependent on wage employment outlets.
The unexplored talents of young women can be identified, trained and used for various types of industries to increase the productivity in the industrial sector. A desirable environment is necessary for every woman to inculcate entrepreneurial values and involve greatly in business dealings.


The additional business opportunities that are recently approaching for women entrepreneurs are:
• Eco-friendly technology,
• Bio-technology,
• IT enabled enterprises,
• Event Management,
• Tourism industry,
• Telecommunication,
• Plastic materials,
• Vermiculture,
• Mineral water,
• Sericulture,
• Floriculture,
• Herbal & health care,
• Food, fruits & vegetable processing


Empowering women entrepreneurs is essential for achieving the goals of sustainable development and the bottlenecks hindering their growth must be eradicated to entitle full participation in the business. Apart from training programs, Newsletters, mentoring, trade fairs and exhibitions also can be a source for entrepreneurial development. As a result, the desired outcomes of the business are quickly achieved and more of remunerative business opportunities are found. Henceforth, promoting entrepreneurship among women is certainly a short-cut to rapid economic growth and development.

Fake or Real?

Every person has two side faces. One side that we show to the world and the other side that we hide from everyone. So, which one is the real face? Its the one which we ‘hide’ from others.

Why do we hide?

We hide the inner face or reality of us from everyone in the fear of being not accepted. We tend to fear that we will be judged by the society or peers, friends, family, relatives, etc. The fear of getting misunderstood by people.

We tend to hide our real side because we feel that if we show that side people would leave us or judge us. There is a constant fear of getting judged.

Fake is the new trend:

Today, being fake is the new real. People tend to be fake around the other people so as to be accepted. They hide their real emotions or feelings or the side that they actually are. They display their fake image when they are surrounded by people.

And it is the reality, we tend to judge others without thinking twice. We live in a judgemental society where being real is called as rude or very straightforward. And so some people prefer being fake in front of the world.

The idea of being real is not mastered by everyone. Being fake is such a trend that sometimes we forget our own real side of us.

Everyone fake a side of themselves due to various reasons. Sometimes they fake to fit in a group. Sometimes to hide their real side. Sometimes to show that they are just like others. Sometimes to make others happy.

Even when we don’t like a person for whatever reason, we end up saying hi or smile at them. We still be nice to them in front of their faces and then we gossip about them or you can say bitching about them behind their backs.

Yes, people do that. We live in a society where people do gossip about other’s lives. There are fake people who will be nice at your faces and then gossip about you the next moment you leave.

I do not say that everyone is fake or try to hide their real side. There are people who got nothing to hide. They prefer being like this. They prefer being fake in the world with everyone they meet. They love being fake but are genuine with their close ones.

These kinds of people show their real faces to the ones that they actually love. Where they can be really themselves and be accepted for who they are. Some might fear to hide their real side and some may not.

Not everyone has a fake side and not everyone is trying to hide something.

The real face:

Inspite of all these fake faces all around us, there are people who are real. Who are actually real and love being the way they are without having any fear of not being accepted and having nothing to hide.

They tend to show the real side because they do not have anything to hide. They love themselves as they are and wany everyone to accept them for who they are.

They do not care about the judgements of the society. This is the way they like it and they choose to be real. They accept themselves and are happy for being real. They do not like being fake and can’t even if they try. They also do not tolerate fake people around them.

The real side people have nothing to care about. They always show their real side to everyone they meet or be close to. Yes, not everyone they meet knows them completely but those who are close to them knows them inside out.

The real people can’t be fake with someone or pretend to like someone. If they do not like a thing or person, they will just not try to show much interest.

They do not have to pretend even. They will directly tell you that they do not like you or for that matter a thing. Yes, real people are straightforwards too. And thats the reason straightforward people and being real is not accepted by everyone.

The real people are hated by many as people love fake people who are nice on other’s faces and later bitch about them. The real people who will tell others directly about what they feel or about the things or person they dislike are not being accepted in the society. The real people speaks whatever comes to their minds and are free minded and open. Such kind of people are rare in this fake world but still are left alone.

The real side of the people are left out by many because of their straightforwardness. They have less friends who understand them compared to the fake ones.

The fake side is loved by everyone. The real side is loved by people who are also the same.

Which side to choose?

We live in a society where we are surrounded by fake ones and real ones. Some choose to be fake and some choose to be real. The choice completely depends on different individuals. Some choose to be real even after losing everything. Some choose to be fake always so as to be accepted and hide their real side. Some have nothing to hide still prefer being fake.

At times, something bad happens because of being real and people tend to change due to such occurings and start prefer to being fake with everyone they meet. Certain times, when we don’t like a person we still smile or greet them due to relations we have with them. Such times, some people also feel not to hurt anyone.

There is no compulsion of choosing a side and living with it. It completely depends on us whether we have to be real with everyone or some or whether we have to be fake with some or everyone we meet.

Why do people get so easily offended these days?

People are so easily offended these days and to imagine where the mind-set of a person was few decades ago and where they are now, one must say it is difficult to understand. Few centuries ago people from Africa were sold as slaves in America. In 2009 Barack Obama became the first African-American President of the United States. India has had both a female Prime Minister (Indira Gandhi) and a President (Pratibha Patil), even Islamic nations like Pakistan and Bangladesh have had a female Head of State, but the United States has never had a female Head of State.

Real life is not like that depicted in movies. In movies when the protagonist has to kill his old friend because he’s the villain says, “You know that I have to do this right?”, then they both hug each other, then the hero kills him. This does not happen in real life. When your friend even says something to you that you do not like, you will be fuming with anger. 

What was offensive a few years ago is not offensive now. What is offensive now was not offensive a few years ago. Punishing children at school was not offensive until recently. Being a member of the LGBT community was not offensive until recently (only in a few countries). People even get offended if you honk, as they show their frustration by honking back at you, for whatever reason it is. Proverbs 19:11 says, “A person’s wisdom yields patience; it is to one’s glory to overlook an offence”.

Why do people get offended, let us have a look as some of the reasons?

  • People are too sensitive: According to a research by Stony Brook University, about 20 per cent of the population are genetically predisposed to empathy that is, they respond intensely to both positive and negative stimuli.
  • Ego: This is very powerful three letter word. A silly argument breaks out between two people, because both of them think they are right, and they do not want to compromise. Friendship, relationships are often split by their own ego. A healthy argument is always good, but it is never healthy if you get offended. Holding grudges just to prove a point or just to display one’s power over a subordinate are all traits of ego. Both parties feel that one is more offended than the other. 
  • Work Place: Stress at work place can cause a lot of behavioural changes. Not loving the work that you do can also lead to stress. This can cause a person to offend others and also get offended easily. This tends to become the permanent character of a person within a few months, and he/she become insufferable. One can develop anxiety with such stress induced behaviour.
  • Insecurities : Not having anyone to depend on, developing the thought that  “No one is there for me”, can create a sense of not being happy or even put you in a state of depression, which makes you care less about others. This makes you prone to offend others or get offended easily.
  • Diet: The type of food that we eat today reduces the life span of a person considerably, mainly due to processed foods (even junk food) which are easily accessible and takes almost no time to prepare. These contain preservatives and MSG’s to give that taste which you do not get from food prepared at home. These chemical are not good over the long haul. Most of the ingredients are also synthetic, artificial or adulterated. These can be allergic or different than what your body can process. Scientifically it is said that these substances do not allow you to produce hormones like serotonin or GABA which are produced as brain calming hormones, so this makes you more prone to anger, hence get offended.

Value of Discipline in life

Imagine being in a society where there is no discipline, just think for a mere second, what would happen to this world if there is no discipline. The only word that comes up instantly is disaster. If there is no discipline among the people of a society then there is just chaos. Discipline bridges the gap between our aims and achievements. In every sphere of life this is a very essential factor. To quote Roy Smith, discipline is the refining power which transforms talent into ability. If soldiers disobey the orders of higher officials and perform their duties as they like, then terrorists can easily enter our country and ruin everything. In the same way disciplined soldiers are more efficient to work. In a battle fought between the Englishmen and Frenchmen, the English won the battle even though the French had a bigger army, this was because of their discipline and morale. Imagine that you are a pedestrian, and the drivers on the road are not following the traffic rules, scary? This is what lack of discipline can do to a peaceful society. Countries like Japan and Israel have a higher economic growth compared to a lot of countries, this is because of the discipline shown by the common public. 

Advantages of being disciplined:- 

● Being disciplined will help a person focus more on their goals and day to day activities. They perform their activities in a more efficient manner. 

● Being disciplined has its own perks as well, people start respecting you as discipline commands respect. Since being disciplined takes a lot of effort, people respect your determination. 

● Being disciplined helps you finish your job smoothly and on time. You will not be distracted by anything else and will be focused on your work. 

● Being disciplined includes having a balanced life with habits like healthy food, exercise, walking and sleeping at the right time. Hence you have a better and healthy life. 

● Being disciplined helps a person have a very good self control over himself/herself, avoiding silly problems, not indulging in trivial things and having a healthy relationship with everyone around them. 

● Being disciplined will also help a person avoid unnecessary stress or tension and be happy in all their activities. 

● Being disciplined will make a person more organized, they will have a time schedule allotted for every activity, and this will help them find a lot of extra time to relax. 

● Being disciplined will also make a person value time the most, and make use of every second possible. They have better time management skills than others. 

Conclusion:- 

Discipline should be omnipresent. Every small activity taking place around us happens in discipline, be it the sun rising on time or the birds chirping blissfully in the early morning or the blood flowing in our veins or the heart that beats continuously. They all happen to continuously do their work without any help or a clock. Initially we might feel it’s excruciating but with time it will always get better soon. Imagine how beautiful and happy will all of our life be if it’s disciplined. This will help all of us resist evil and enjoy life’s true fruits in a real sense. 

KERALA MODEL – The Trail and Error

The Kerala model was established in 1970. This received world wide recognition and applauds for its immense development of two most crucial aspects of humanity – Health and Education, also ensured high female literarcy rates. Much prior to today’s situation, the measures taken by Kerala was a milestone and also proved deep insights in the matter. The upliftment of The Health and Education is the treasure of a state. On the early March, Kerala and Maharashtra had the most number of cases all over India. Inspite of all all the necessary precautions taken beforehand, the question here lies is… Whether the Model was successful enough to combat the Pandamic- Covid 19? Was this Model efficient enough to be implemented nationally? Can a Pandemic be controlled by any specific Model or theries? Initially during the outbreak of Pandemic in India, Kerala a state with population over 35 Million, has reported 4189 cases of Covid – 19 as on 30th June, 2020 and 23 deaths with a stirring recovery rate of 51.7 per cent. hence, this Model got praises all over India. BJP Government in Madhya Pradesh has leant and adopted Kerala’s strategy of tackling Covid 10 infection. Kerala actually emphasized on various key factors, firstly educating or alerting the citizens on the gravity of the situations and hence dealing with it on personal levels, this is the primary step as it is mandatory for the citizens to understand it is safe for them as well as for safeguarding other’s interests. After that, as recommended by the World Health Organizations the 4 T’s Test, Trace and Treat, Kerala followed the same. Thirdly, Isolation that is Quarantining the infected ones specially and not allowing them to roam. Kerala played a very significant role in treating the issues of migrant labourers hence tackling them properly and this was a remarkable achievement of India. Kerala was the first state amongst India to conduct exams as well for students of Class 10-12. A lot of controversies were triggered upon across the media as to who will guarantee the protection of the students? due to the speedy recovery rate has there been a sense of carelessness and over confidence in the mindsets of Kerala Government?

Commissioner of Police Vijay Sakhare, Kochi, Kerala was the chief architect of Kerala’s brand new policy i.e., Triple Lock Strategy in Kasaragod District. This was actually made on the basis of Three relevant lock down stages for the people, separately for each sets of people strictly for their security. 1) The General Lock – the 1st lock was implemented on 25th March, 2020. This is the primarly lockdown for all the people to remain confined in their homes and not to roam around. Self quarantining is absolutely essential for restricting the movements. Rule- breakers were hence widely punished by the cops. 2) Containment Zones – the 2nd lock was implemented as on 28th March, 2020. This is the segregated places with the most number of Covid – 19 positive patients. Only the service for most essential goods very provided as the rest shops, industries, market places were closed down to avoid gatherings. 3) Home Quarantine – the 3rd lock was made especially for those who were affected and also their contacts, they were isolated and their treatments were to be done in the house itself. wearing masks and repeatative sanitizations is a must of those who were isolated. This led to around 75 per cent reduction of new cases which was commendable.

Unfortunately, Mass Spread of Covid Infection was confirmed in the state of Kerala on 17th July, 2020. Silent community transmission happened in Thiruvananthapuram at over 50 percent rate in Covid- 19, says Kerala Health Minister. This created a terror amongst the common people. Around 10 large community clusters has occurred in the state. The costal neighbourhoods of Pulluvila and Poonthura is coping with the stage of community transmission, as declared by the Chief Minister of Kerala, Sir. Pinarayi Vijayan in a press conference. The community transmissions has also been found in Kerala, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. Hence, the Government is answerable to the people that whether a Model of a state can actually help to combat with relatively world-wide issues such as a Pandemic.

Here or There: Opportunities are Everywhere

                                                                                                  -SHUBHANKAR

Opportunities are everywhere, everytime and every moment, the thing is one just doesn’t need to identify them, but needs to grab them as quickly as possible before someone else does. That’s what the big billionaires of the world have done, not only before but in this deadly pandemic as well. When businesses all around the world have shutdown, many have filed in for bankruptcy, many have lost their jobs, but these people have used their mind or we can say the business mind so well that they made this moment of a deadly pandemic turn into a fruitful period of wealth and power.

The billionaires I’m talking about are Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, etc. They were the ones who’ve gained the most during these unprecedented times. Be it the historic space mission launched by Elon’s SpaceX company or the ever dominating Amazon company of Jeff Bezos, the richest man on the planet right now. Its not that they did it overnight. The hardwork and time they’ve put in to make their dreams realise is absolutely amazing. What this article would focus on is the full use of opportunities in life and that nothing in life can put you down on your knees forever if you have the right determination and passion. If not, this cruel world will keep you at your knees forever.

These were unprecedented times, hard times, losses would hit everyone, nobody’s business would survive, but people with determination and plan ‘B’ and ‘C’ did what they know best, never give up and take opportunities lashing at you with both hands. How about I telling you that Jeff Bezos’s wealth increased by a whooping $56.7 billion in the year 2020. Didn’t pandemic hit Amazon Company? It did, but he never was jaded away by it. The opportunity was that people wouldn’t venture out in these times with coronavirus taking its toll, so how would they buy things, be it grocery or other essential items. That’s when, people started using the benefits of online shopping. But, what about the delivery boys delivering those parcels, they could infect the customers unintentionally, of course. For that, came the concept of no touch delivery. Talking about opportunities, the amazon founder, didn’t just stop there over the past few years. He knew that to earn success in this dynamic world, changing within even seconds, you need to be a little bit diverse. He saw the opportunity in the online streaming industry, had very fierce competitors in the business, be it Hotstar or Netflix, but he was determined and brought in a new platform for online streaming, Amazon Prime Videos, and the gamble paid off. This is what I’m trying to say, the use of opportunity available in the whole market arena.

How about the opportunity seized by the Tesla CEO, Elon Musk. Knew the resources are getting depleted, knew that electronic cars will be the new normal in the future, invested in the project, formed Tesla and is earning in billions. How many of us knew about this resource depleting problem, I suppose almost all of us, but did we think like he did? No, we didn’t and that’s what is called opportunity missed. That’s what he didn’t do and that’s what I’m trying to say through my article. Why did he form SpaceX? He saw the opportunity in the field of astronomy and found out that it was one of his dreams, he pursued it, rather than just wasting the opportunity.

I want the young generation to understand that there is no time, when opportunities aren’t there. Opportunities are there, anytime, anywhere, but you need to grab it. Yes, I won’t say you will succeed everytime. You won’t. Failure will accompany you more than success does. But if you continue to be determined, be true to yourself and your goals, you would definitely achieve success. And for achieving those goals, the opportunity must be seized and taken.  

What happens if Social Media Disappears

Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

Sharing our meals, style, routine, work, relationships, friendships, opinion exercises, likes, and lives has become so normal, it’s now compulsive. We joke that if you didn’t post it, it didn’t happen. But what if one day, you went to post your beautiful meal on Instagram and you can’t find the app. Anywhere. There is also no YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, or Pinterest. This can’t be happening. Social media has disappeared. Would there be chaos? How would communication change? How would your brain change?


Social media is a huge part of everyday life, with those 16 to 24 years of age spending 3 hours a day, on an average using social media. At this age, if we live to our old age, we’ll end up spending seven years of our entire lives on social media. And it’s an amount expected to rise with younger generations. It would be a rough wake up call to lose connections and friends that were solely based on social media apps like Instagram. You would immediately feel disconnected, uninformed, and lost. Your brain would also be going through some major withdrawal symptoms. Using social media releases dopamine through the Ventral Tegmental Area of the brain or VTA, it’s the same neurotransmitter that releases those good feelings when you win a lottery, make love, or eat junk food. It makes us feel wonderful, at least momentarily, and the continuous craving keeps us coming back for more.

Social media is a drug and many of us are willing addicts. The VTA evolved in humans as a social tool, helping us in learning good behavior from bad. Now, the same chemical response once prompted by a real-life-friendly hug or celebration for personal achievement is triggered by virtual likes, or hearts or comments. Yet social media can make us feel the opposite of happy. The fear of missing out(FOMO), anxiety, jealously, insecurity, and needing instant approval from others, these are all impulses that increase with social media use.


So, while your brain is going through withdrawal, you’ll also be discovering what it feels like not to have to be connected all the time, which could be pretty refreshing. Just remember we did survive with no media for millennia. One of the first platform Friendster, came online in 2002, followed two years later by Facebook. It wasn’t until 2005, that YouTube changed our world. You still have e-mail and Google, so not all is lost, texting and calling still exist, so staying in contact with friends and family just requires a little more effort. You might begin reading books and magazines again, something needs to fill that void where influencers opinion used to be. You’d also have to get news the old-fashioned way without the filters of algorithms, which means you would be better informed. More than half of the world population get some form of news from social media, but platforms such as Facebook or Twitter do not have the ethical requirements of traditional journalism. The information on social media channels is not fact-checked, leaving it up to you to figure out what is credible and what is simply an opinion or worse a complete lie.
However, the actual good news is that you might get to know your neighbor, the lack of social media could bring physical communities closer since there isn’t the online option anymore.
We have a complicated relationship with social media, it has the potential to be both highly positive and very negative. In the global COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, social media became one of the only ways people could reach out to each other, during nationwide lockdowns. It brought comfort, connection, and entertainment during a difficult time. But at the same time, it also spread miscommunication about the virus.


Social Media is not disappearing any time soon, but it would be worthwhile for your mental health to consider how much time you spend on social platforms, then spend less, there is probably even an app for that.

NATURAL DISASTER!!!!…

We all have studied in our primary school that flood, earthquake, tsunami, volcano eruption, wildfire, drought etc. are natural disasters.
But in today’ time are these really just a natural disaster????? No in today’s time these have become MAN MADE DISASTERS ….yes, these disasters are happening in today’s time because of human’s mistakes ….just because human interrupts in process of NATURE….

Let’s talk about every topic one by one :

  1. FLOOD – yes flood. As it is rainy season, we can clearly see in our surroundings that so many cities either it is metropolitan or not have filled by water… every street, every crossing is just totally filled up by water…why????…..does this rain take place for the first time in our life so that we couldn’t make any arrangements???……did this rain not occur in the old time?? ..…it occurred….. But in old time they had better arrangements than us ….
    What we have done guys the first problem is population….since there are so many people and everyone will live in a home so what we did??? Just cut the trees and forests and made very big big buildings and had not made any drainage system for the water…
    There is just a small amount of rain in any city and just look at it situation it become water water everywhere..
    And now when the water enters in our home then we blame GOD for all this…Here is no fault of GOD…here is the fault of us THE HUMANS….
    There is also another thing to be noticed that we have seen so many times that any animals like leopard, snakes usually come into our city or sometimes even in our streets … another example, we have seen that animals like rhino and elephants are walking on road why???….. Don’t they have their home (forests)??…. The answer is NO…We have occupied their home we have finished the forests and build our home …we have divested their home so where they will go that’s why they just come to cities….. Here is no fault of animals it was their home and we have divest it form them so fault is of us THE HUMANS….
  2. EARTHQUAKE- There was a time when earth quake was a natural disaster but now it has also become man made disaster.

Some scientists have traced the increase in earthquakes, especially in areas not known for the presence of fault lines or past seismic activity, to human actions. That’s right. We humans are causing earthquakes more frequently than ever before. scientists have identified a variety of large-scale human activities that can trigger earthquakes.

Although natural earthquakes usually occur along fault lines, While many human-induced earthquakes are mild and don’t cause much damage, some of them can be serious and dangerous. In fact, scientists believe human activity has caused earthquakes with magnitudes as high as 7.9 on the Richter scale.
Scientists believe most human-induced earthquakes are the result of mining. As companies drill deeper and deeper below Earth’s surface to extract natural resources, holes left behind can cause instability that leads to collapses that trigger earthquakes.

Building large dams can also cause earthquakes. For example, approximately 80,000 people died in China in 2008 as a result of a 7.9-magnitude earthquake triggered by 320 million tons of water that had been collected in the Zipingpu Reservoir after a large dam was built over a known fault line.

Another human activity triggering earthquakes is hydraulic fracturing (known as “fracking”) for oil and gas, including the high pressure wastewater disposal that usually accompanies fracking. In this process, water, sand, and chemicals are pumped underground under high pressure to fracture rocks to release natural resources.

As those resources, such as oil and natural gas, make their way to the surface, so do the water and chemicals that were injected to begin the process. This wastewater is collected and often injected deep underground again to dispose of it. Both the fracking process and wastewater disposal have been shown to trigger earthquakes.
These aren’t the only human activities that can trigger earthquakes, though. Scientists point out that earthquakes can also be triggered by other human activities, such as construction of skyscrapers and nuclear explosions.

  1. DROUGHT- Mr. Rajendra Singh, Chairman, Tarun Bharat Sanghsaw the current drought as, “A man made disaster.” He called for, “A community driven decentralized water policy as the only solution. Before offering solutions we first need to listen to the knowledge of the farmers who have dealt with drought.”

Mr. Richard Mahapatra, managing editor, of Down to Earth magazine claimed “There is no connection between monsoon and drought, the dire situation has been caused mismanagement of water.”

  1. FOREST FIRE- The causes of forest fire have been increasing rapidly. The problem has been accentuated by the growing human and cattle population. People enter forests ever more frequently to graze cattle, collect fuel wood, timber and other minor forest produce. It has been estimated that 90% of forest fires in India are man-made
    Fire is caused when a source of fire like naked flame, cigarette or bidi, electric spark or any source of ignition comes into contact with inflammable material.

Recent amazon rain forest’s fire , Australia ‘s forest fire there are so much examples of this…

So , we have seen that humans are continuously interrupting in nature but remember when nature will determined to learn us a lesson that day…that day no one will be able to ask any question no one will be able to say a single world because when nature got angry then there is no one on this earth who can save us…

THIS IS JUST A SIMPLE THING NATURE IS JUST LIKE OUR MOTHER CARE IT…RESPECT IT…THIS IS NATURE WHO PROVIDES US THE LAND ON WHICH WE CAN LIVE EASILY AND WHAT WE ARE GIVING IT IN RETURN… POLLUTED SOIL????….IT PROVIDE US WATER AND WHAT WE ARE GIVING IT IN RETURN… POLLUTED WATER???…..IT PROVIDES US GREENERY AND WHAT WE ARE GIVING IT IN RETURN…. DROUGHT??…WE ARE CUTTING TRESS????….
REMEMBER THIS EARTH IS THE HOME OF NATURE ….NATURE IS THE OWNER OF EARTH AND WE ALL ARE JUST GUEST…..TODAY WE ARE HERE …TOMORROW WE WILL NOT…. BUT THE NATURE WILL…
AS I SAID ABOVE WE ARE JUST GUEST WE SHOULD LEARN TO LIVE PEACEFULLY WITHOUT SPOILING THE NATURE’S HOME…..BECAUSE IF WE DO SOMETHING WRONG THEN NATURE WILL GET OUT US…….

Potential Appraisal

Each and every person has some or the other talent. Some talents and skills they know about that while some are not known. The talent which he or she may not know is known as hidden talents. As it is correctly said by Delue –

“We all have hidden talents waiting to be discovered.”

And identifying these talents is done by Potential Appraisal. Potential Appraisal is also known as Potential Evaluation. Potential Appraisal is a crucial function of Human Resource Management. It is used by many organisations. Before moving further first we should know that what is potential appraisal? Potential Appraisal is an appraisal process which helps in identification of the hidden talents or skills which is present within a person. The person might or might not be aware of them. Appraising the potential of a human resource in a scientific and systematic manner can help an organisation in enhancing their corporate performance. It can be also defined as a new system of developing employees for occupying higher position in an organisation is called potential appraisal. It is a future – oriented appraisal and its main objective is to identify and evaluate the potential or the hidden talent of an employee so that he can take the higher position and responsibilities in the organisational hierarchy. The time for a potential appraisal is not fixed. The assessment activity is done under the discretion of managers. There are many organisations who uses potential appraisal as a part of performance appraisal process but potential appraisal is different from performance appraisal. Actually potential refers to the skills and abilities which an employee possess but which are not currently brought into use by an organisation. As these are the skills which helps an employee to take higher challenges on job in future. And when these untapped and unutilized qualities are put to use they are definitely going to give fruitful results to the organisation. The attributes and qualities which are hidden might be in the form of analytical power, creative thinking, innovative ideas, ability to predict future condition and changes, proactive, problem-solving, decision-making, etc. So, we have to find all these hidden talents which are there in an employee and have to make optimum use of these so that the goals of both the parties can be achieved. The main purposes of Potential Appraisal are –

  • To make employees aware of their future prospects.
  • To provide training and development activity to your employees.
  • To provide career opportunities by advising them to work hard.
  • To draft a management succession programmes.

These are the purposes for which potential appraisal takes place. Potential Appraisal can be used in a number of human resource management functions like human resource planning, career and succession planning, promotion and transfer decision and for training and development. But the main use of potential appraisal are –

  • Employee Development – It is a powerful tool for developing our employees. Potential Appraisal also helps in developing the career of employees as it helps in identifying the hidden talent and skills of an employee. It helps the employee to know their certain competency which was earlier not known to them.
  • Motivates Employees – As the organisation helps them to identify the talent which was within them but was not known to them. This motivates employees as know they can further develop their skills and competencies.
  • Identifying Training Needs – Potential Appraisal helps the organisation to identify the training needs as such appraisal throws light on the hidden skills of employees and by providing them appropriate training program can help both organisation and employee to grow.
  • Assistance to Organisation – It provides assistance to the organisation as now the duties and responsibilities can be provided to the potential employees and can ensure continuous growth of the organisation.
  • Assessing the Individual – Potential Appraisal helps us to assess an individual that how much level of work an employee can handle comfortably and successfully.

As we know, appraisal system varies from organisation – to – organisation. But according to me potential appraisal should be followed by each and every organisation as it will help in building a strong relationship between the employee and the organisation.

U.S. Cutting Ties With WHO Is A Misstep That May Cause Severe Repercussions

 

U.S. President Donald Trump announced on May 19 that U.S. would be halting it’s funding of the World Health Organization and pull out of the agency, accusing it of protecting China as the coronavirus pandemic took off. The move has alarmed health experts, who say the decision will undermine efforts to improve the health of people around the world.

It was a knee-jerk response and an overreaction to a legitimate concern. Yes, the WHO has problems and has been too lenient on China recently. Does that mean every other country should pull the plug and ignore its other achievements, without attempting diplomatic reform? It’s hypocritical for the US to pull out of an international organisation because another country has too much sway within it. How would they react if, say, the UK pulled out of the IMF and World Bank because it has too much American influence? Terrible for the international reputation of the U.S.A. It will further harm the world’s ability to detect and react to this and future pandemics. And there will be future pandemics. If the U.S.A. was/is depending on the WHO for it’s intelligence gathering, the U.S.A. has bigger problems than COVID-19. It will provide Trump’s base with a bone to chew on and provide them the simple answer to a very complex question that they so crave.

Critics have condemned this move and called out the President for playing the ‘blame game’. Trump has shown his incompetence with dealing with the Covid-19. What’s worse he even screwed the ability of a country that has been well known to be the leading force of healthcare. Meanwhile, China, a country who is still stereotyped as filthy people and Sickman, is recovering from the Covid-19. Long gone are those Americans who jeered at China and boasted that their CDC can handle the Covid-19 easily. Who’s to blame? If we look at the facts, Trump is definitely blamed for all this mess. His unwillingness to listen to CDC or even his white house health advisors to take the matter seriously because he doesn’t want a lockdown like China has resulted in the death of more than 142,000 Americans as of the time of my writing.

The growing reports of deaths began make the President realize that his administration was seriously failing in its response to the corona virus. He responded in two ways. He suddenly made it clear to the States that they were responsible for providing all the necessary protective wares and ventilators as well as all testing for the virus and that the failures were there’s not his. Next, he forcefully (and quite unfairly) condemned the work that China and the WHO had undertaken to react to the virus thus showing that he knew better than anybody what was best for everyone and that he was still a brilliant genius. So, fundamentally this is why President Trump decided to halt funding to the WHO. An activity that, it is certain, a majority of its 193 other member countries of the WHO will condemn as many of the larger countries have done already. No-one cuts funding in the middle of this kind of disastrous international epidemic. If one feels disturbed about any other country or organization involved in it one waits until the epidemic is over and then everyone gets together and analyses what worked well and what did not, then sit together to make sure the next time this happens the world is better prepared. Regrettably the USA seems to think that it can handle world matters unilaterally. As this is absolutely impossible for any country the result can only end up with some real disappointments for everyone including the USA, now the country with the largest mortality than any other as a result of poor corona virus policies and management.

Not anyone in the world, not even Trump himself, will benefit from Trump’s suspension of the US’s financing of WHO. Especially at times like these when WHO’s role in coordinating the worldwide response to pandemic is critical. We can be sure that WHO will not be distracted and will carry on its important job albeit maybe in a little less effective way as compared to when they did have the rightly anticipated financing from the US. The only thing this Trump’s move will achieve is that the rest of the world will finally and eventually give up on America to do the right thing and will try to distance themselves away from the US.

Students’ Engagement with Politics

The average Indian student’s encounters with the word ‘politics’ is often colored with negative experiences and connotations. When one talks of politics at the workplace or at the church, it is always used in a manner that signifies that something is wrong there – there is a moral implication in these ideas. Many use the word itself as referring to something which is the domain of a certain few who are power-hungry and seek to control. This is because their definition of what is political is extremely limited and their experience of the world has been limited to certain spaces that they inhabit. Many do not see their duty as a citizen of a democratic country to include anything but going to the voting booth whenever elections come along. Many also do not know whom to vote for or what they stand for, so they are easily persuaded by campaigners, many are promised material benefits, many others go with what their family or friends say, and still others for whoever appears to match their personal tastes. With India being the largest democracy in the world and yet finding itself the hub of many communal riots and systemic shutting down of voices, it is time we start asking what our role is in a political system.

The student is considered the future of the country. She is the one who is going to inhabit the world that is currently being built and who will go on to shape and change the world as she moves into the public arena. In this context, it is absolutely vital that she be able to understand what the system that governs her stands for and how it functions. A general understanding of political systems of governance, ‘political literacy’ itself is one of the most essential qualities that an individual should possess. This also makes the person aware of the challenges that are facing their society, the issues that other sections of the society are fighting against, and also nurtures a sense of responsibility. It will aid in creating a bent towards social action and for standing for what is right.

It is in recognition of the potential that resides in young minds and their part in creating the future that many fundamental aspects of the government are included in school curriculums for all students and not just those going onto study political science or sociology. This is also why the government’s move to remove many-core passages from CBSE textbooks which talk of these very things is looked upon with apprehension. This is also why political parties are allowed to exist on many college campuses, although this is becoming rarer now. It is in these formative years that a student’s capacity to think is shaped by what he reads and sees, and his perception of the world expanded. While many college politics stories turn violent, the solution is not to curb all activism but to instill principles that will guide students as they make decisions and decide what is worth standing for. The idea that machoism and calling for blood is the epitome of political interaction has to be dismantled and replaced by consistent engagement and listening. There should be dignity and freedom of making choices that are based on strong moral principles, and spaces of dialogue created. The youth will not disappoint if they are given the tools they need to navigate these discussions, and they are standing up for causes as is evident from the number of student-led protests that happened in our country in the past one year. Students are to be exposed to arenas of political interaction and allowed to participate so that they can develop their own ways of seeing and thinking, as well as ensure that the country is in safe hands.

Employee Engagement

Hey Readers. Let’s talk about employee engagement.

In simple words, how much a person is involved with their organization and its values is “employee engagement”. Employee Engagement is a measurable degree of an employee’s positive or negative emotional attachment to their job, colleagues and organization which profoundly influences their willingness to learn & perform at work. An “engaged employee” is one who is fully involved in, and enthusiastic about, his or her work and thus will act in a way that furthers their organization’s interests.

What Is Employee Engagement? Definition, Measurement, Drivers, and ...

The Four Levels of Employee Engagement:

  • Engaged and Committed: These include those employees who are actively involved in the processes and are emotionally attached to their organization. They consider the organizational goals as their own and keenly work according to that.
  • Engaged but not committed: These include employees who are engaged in their work but are not committed to the organization and vice versa. They are motivated but not that much is visible in their performance. This can be due to internal conflicts, bad reputation etc.
  • Neither engaged, nor committed: They are neither engaged to their work nor committed to the organization. 
  • Actively Disengaged: These are the employees are that not at all good for any organization. These people are not interested in their own job and don’t feel any attachment but the worst part is that they won’t let others do the work. They hamper the productivity of high performing employees.

Benefits of Employee Engagement:

  • Increased productivity
  • Customer Satisfaction
  • Better communication
  • Great Commitment
  • Efficient Team Working
  • Higher Retention

Key Drivers of Employee Engagement:

  • Decentralized power structure: 

    One of the main drivers of employee engagement is a decentralized power structure. When you pass on some executive powers to your high performing employees they feel obliged. It fills them with a sense of responsibility and makes them accountable. This way it also becomes easy for them to apply new innovative ideas.

  • Freedom of opinions:

    Employees who feel free to share their opinions and ideas are more productive. You should encourage your employees to express their views more often. Also, conducting regular one on one meetings with your workers is a great way to hear them out.

  • Acknowledging employees:

    They feel a sense of gratification knowing their work has been beneficial. Therefore, a manager and other heads should make it a point to appreciate the employees and their efforts. It gives them a sense of belonging and they feel worthy about their work. So, no matter the amount of contribution, it is very importay to recognize and appreciate employees.

  • Growth and development:

    An employee aspires to learn and grow at his or her workplace. It is a quintessential element that every job seeker looks forward to while joining an organization. But failing to provide the scope for growth and development leads to dissatisfaction.

    Employee Engagement - Starfish Taylor

Employee Engagement is an important process and managers as well as employees should consistently take part in it. They must work together and appreciate each other work for increasing overall productivity of any organization.

(Source: https://blog.vantagecircle.com/employee-engagement/)

HOW LAW HAS AN IMPACT IN YOUR LIFE

The most well-known manner by which individuals portrayed their noteworthy common equity issues is that it’s either misfortune or God’s will for them. … In the event that I think something has simply transpired in my life due to powers beyond my ability to do anything about, I’m most likely not going to go down to the nearby legitimate office and request lawful assistance with an issue that I don’t comprehend is lawful.

Everything to lay it out simply, the law is the thing that keeps a great deal of things running easily and precise. Without law there would be a ton of mayhem. We people can be very awful animals to one another, envision there wasn’t a law set up to oppress murderers,i can wager you there would be much more deaths, on the other hand , Stealing wasn’t a wrongdoing, admirably I’ll let you picture that in your mind. Laws are what guard you, they influence your life in a bigger number of ways than you can even think.

Satisfaction and the law appear to be random, isn’t that right? The law harshly disallows individuals from getting things done and afterward backs up its principles with alarming disciplines. Be that as it may, envision what life would resemble if there were no law. Being burglarized or assaulted could turn into a typical event, and the greater part of the advantages of society we as a whole underestimate would not, at this point be conceivable. At the point when you consider it, the general purpose of having law is to improve our lives.

Great laws assist individuals with carrying on with more joyful lives. So if a nation needs to make great laws, it ought to realize what satisfies individuals. Furthermore, luckily, there’s been an ongoing blast of examination into bliss. In what capacity would that be able to investigate be utilized to improve laws?

Some people are affected more and others less. However, the law and government do affect us all in some common ways. Most importantly, the law and government affect us by allowing us to live in a society where we are not related to most other people and we generally do not even know who they are. Most definitely the so-called “civil law” or, depending on you location, the “common law”. The “law” is a set of rules designed to regulate relations (a) between humans and (b) between humans and objects. What exactly those rules are, and how they operate, varies. Typically, when people think of the “law”, they think of circumstances when the “law” becomes visible, i.e. in exceptional circumstances that are potentially life-changing, i.e. criminal law,or when the state makes it’s presence known, by demanding you pay taxes. However, daily life is usually regulated by a much larger degree by the so-called “zivilrecht”, for lack of a better word, a “law of interpersonal relationships”. You get up in the morning, out of bed? Chances are you bought that bed someplace, so the law of contracts, which governs sales, has something to do with it. The bed is standing in a flat or house, which is either rented → law on lease agreements, or owned → property law. You take a shower → you have a service agreement with your utilities provider, who ensures that there is water in the pipe leading to your domicile. You get dressed → law of contracts concerning how you bought the clothes you wear, → property law concerning you’re allowed to do with them as you please.

You leave house and walk down the street → traffic laws are designed dot make that a safe and convenient experience: and enter a coffee shop. There, you buy a cup of coffee, a bagel, and an newspaper for your breakfast → depending on where in the world you are, you just entered into, and executed, anything between one and nine contracts governing the passage of ownership of coffee, bagel and newspaper to you, reciprocal obligations (“stuff” for “money) concerning the quality, payment of the items you purchased, and them now “belonging” to you, and not to the coffee shop, any more.

If the coffee shop is part of a chain, chances are you will not be contracting with the guy behind the counter, but with a company (f.e, Starbucks?), so laws on representation and agency also apply. In 90% of the cases, if your coffee is cold, you will complain to whoever sold you your coffee if the coffee is too cold → Implied terms, coffee is suitable for human consumption and of a “typically to be expected” quality and temperature.

All of this happens more or less “in plain sight”, but out of mind. It is supposed to happen that way. The law is there, more or less invisible to non-lawyers, but it only becomes visible when things go wrong. y Our everyday lives are typically enmeshed by legal rules, most of them concerning “commercial” transactions in the widest sense. That is the area of law that most of us will find prevalent in our everyday lives. Everything else, Taxes, criminal law, etc., is not nearly as prevalent.

BY GOVIND SAGAR

Turning Point!

Everyone has face situations in their life which they never expected in their path. People have their own hurdles and obstacles to elucidate with. Every person has made certain goals in their life and working towards it so that they can accomplish it. But in the journey of accomplishment one has to face many hitches in which many of them would give up, some of them will get bored of it, some of them will change the goal itself as they find too many hurdles to cross. In all of them there would be some exceptions too. Some of them will wait for a turning point or I would say a kick to continue the run to reach the finishing line.

Turning point in life can be good or bad but it will teach you a life lesson which will be with you throughout your life.  There was a simple girl who loves her family distributing her time equally for sports and studies. She was a National Volley Ball player. She was living her life happily but one incident changed her life. She met with an accident where two chain snatcher tried to snatch her chain when she was in train as she was a sports player giving up was not an option for her she tried hard to push the snatchers but life as other plans for her the snatchers pull her out and thrown her out of the train it doesn’t stop here she hit hard herself from another train coming from the tracks parallel to the first. She fall down between the tracks, no one noticed her. She was not conscious, she knows her life was not same now it was fallen apart her both legs was bleeding she saw her one leg was broken into pieces and other was not at all visible. 48 trains passed by but none of them noticed her she got companions that was rats. Now this was her turning point. Life throw us with situations which we had not expected in our nightmares. But now this is reality she is handicapped. The village people carried her in the nearby hospital, afterwards it was revealed she was a National Volley Ball player then she was shifted to AIIMS Delhi. She was bed ridden, with three spine fractures, one leg was artificial and in other leg a rod was inserted. On that hospital bed she decided to become mountaineer and she also decided to climb Mount Everest. This was shocking, surprising for everyone whoever hears it. No one encourages her for the goal she had in her mind but, she was firm with her goal she just aim herself on top of the Mount Everest. She knows it already it will be a journey where her life was on stake. She is not normal now she doesn’t fit the ideology of normal as per the society. Easy things like climbing, walking will be not easier for her the thing she left with was her will to not give up at any cost. The young girl just wanted to show the world if anybody wants to conquer the world luck is not an essential thing it’s the will, if we have a will the luck will also play its role and the way will be easy to locate and to conquer. Days of training, finding sponsorship, dealing with the society is not that simple as it seems but she survived it all.

Climbing the highest peak of world is visibly not everyone’s cup of tea. She managed to reach the peak of the Mount Everest with minimum oxygen level. When she started the descending journey from the mountains her oxygen was zero and she fell down but as I said if we have a will all the other things will find its way to reach you that’s what happened in this young girl’s story. A British mountaineer on his way down run out to help her, he had two oxygen cylinder with him. This saved the young girl’s life. That how she completed her journey with an artificial leg and other one with rod inserted. She was none other than Mrs. Arunima Sinha she reached the summit of the Mount Everest as on 21st May 2013.

Life give us turning point when we least expect it coming this hard in our path. But if we use this turning point wisely with all our hearts and brains then it will never disappoint us with the results.

“When Life throw lemons on us we should catch them, squeeze them, crush them, add salt, add mint, add soda, and water your lemonade is ready. Complaining about the sour taste of lemon will let you reach nowhere so its better you make your drink in your own way.”

child marriage

The highest number of cases were registered in Tamil Nadu (55), followed by Karnataka at 51. Other states witnessing high number of cases of child marriages were West Bengal (41), Assam (23), Telangana (19), Andhra Pradesh (19), Maharashtra (16), Haryana (14), Gujarat (12). Even Puducherry, which had zero reports of child marriage cases in 2014 and 2015 registered 5 in 2016.

Many brides find themselves alone after getting married. There’s no work to be found in the small villages, so young men often seek their fortune across the giant country. Their wives move in with the in-laws and the newlyweds stay in touch via phone.

“What do you expect a kid who’s 15 to understand about marriage or relationships or managing a house?” asks Khandelwal. “They’re not educated, and that trickles down to their own kids. They already don’t have money, and they’re already too young to have kids. It’s a vicious cycle. Will they ever be able to come out of this?”

After two and a half years spent photographing the child brides of Shravasti, Khandelwal sees signs of young girls forced into marriage across the country, even in the metropolis of New Delhi. She plans to turn her camera’s lens on these communities to show how the practice may be illegal and declining, but in India it’s still flourishing on the sidelines.

she expected tradition and patriarchy to dominate each family’s decision to marry off their daughters. What she found was a practice also rooted in poverty, a lack of education, and the volatility of life.

The interplay of many social, economic and religious factors is responsible for child marriage. Many prefer child or early marriage so that the couple bears the highest number of children possible. In communities with poor law and order enforcement, girl child marriage is seen as a solution to protect the ‘honour’ of the girl child, and as a form of ‘protection’ against rape and kidnapping. So entrenched these customs have become that they continue even after the recent improvement of law and order. This can end faulty belief systems, like early marriage and sex-selective abortion. As per the World Bank, educated, healthy women can “engage in productive activities, find formal sector.

Social Media and Its Impacts       

 

It is not too much of an exaggeration to say that the internet has become an intrinsic part of our daily existence. We turn to the world wide web for answers to all our questions and to access the materials we need. A huge amount of the time we spent in the virtual world is spent on social media platforms. Social media has become a phenomenon of its own, becoming the axis around which many debates, discussions, and even trade occur. New trends are set, news is shared, opinions are written, art is created, and community is built. The number of people using social media has risen steadily over the years and almost half of the entire globe is now virtually present on some platform or the other.

Social media has many benefits and has made our lives richer in many ways. Here are some of them:

  • We have increased awareness of social issues and access to much material to educate ourselves.
  • It has enabled us to connect across distances and remain in touch.
  • It has made global communities of like-minded people possible, and much creative and collaborative work done.
  • It has widened our perspectives and increased our reach.
  • The entertainment industry greatly relies on social media for promotion as well as for profit.
  • It allows for the propagation of ideas, ideologies, and support for those who might be struggling.

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While these are all great things in themselves, it is no secret that social media has also become a cesspool of anger and narcissism. It has made people more disconnected from their immediate spaces and the challenges they face there. Despite the increased connectivity that we have with the world, social media has not helped with loneliness. Rather, it seems to have made the problem worse with the internet being considered one of the loneliest places in the world. Here are some other problems that social media has brought around:

  • Creates a sense of invincibility giving rise to the keyboard warrior culture, where one is extremely bold and loud but only under anonymity and on a screen.
  • Increased sense of isolation; does not aid in mental health issues and depression.
  • Many create false identities by their interactions and project these onto the people around them, even deluding themselves. This causes them to be unable to love who they are once they have to deal with their weaknesses and flaws in real life leading to numerous self-hate and self-perception issues.
  • Social media has not made us more empathetic as some would like to believe but rather has fostered reactionary comments, one-liner retorts designed to hurt, and increased intolerance. Conversational skills and capacity to understand another that comes with extended engagement deteriorates.
  • It has severe effects on our mental faculties, clarity of thought, time-span of attention, time spent with oneself and one’s thoughts, and ability to engage on the ground with those who may oppose us.
  • Encourages a culture of instant gratification where one’s image and identity are built around likes and shares, and where one seeks immediate results. Continued work and perseverance for a cause become boring and illogical when momentary satisfaction is available through virtual means.

It is time for us to truly consider what social media has done for us and how much of it is good. It is becoming increasingly clear that when given a free rein, it can cause an amount of harm that outweighs any good it might do in any way. It is the knowledge of the effects that addiction to a virtual world causes that lead to many wealthy and brilliant men like Steve Jobs putting strict limits on the time his children spend online. With so much of our everyday lives moving online with the pandemic, it is impossible to completely keep away from all online platforms. Yet it is the need of the hour that we find alternate unplugged means of balancing our mental and physical health. Moving away and “detoxing” from social media has become necessary if we are not to lose our grip in life and our ability to have meaningful conversations and relationships in reality.

 

Creativity is Imagination with Responsibility

Human creativity is what drives us forward as a species. It is this unique ability to harness our thoughts and ideas that has been responsible for some of the world’s greatest inventions, from the wheel to the microprocessor.

Despite our incredible capacity for creativity and imagination, many of us actually understand very little about the creative process.

“Creativity involves breaking out of established patterns in order to look at things in a different way.”–. Edward de Bono

The very phrase “creative thinking” gives rise to associations connected with something mysterious and new. How can we define creative thinking? How to improve and develop creative thinking skills? This kind of mental activity is associated with a special brain function – imagination.

Imagination is not part of any of the mental functions (memory, perception, attention). It unites them and becomes a transitional form between all structures of holistic intelligence. What is actually the definition of imagination? What techniques and exercises can we use to develop it? And what benefits can we get?

Generating reality in images is the physical ability of the human brain only. Its peculiarities are that it has a connection with organic, semantic and mental components of thinking and unites them. It is still unknown where the neural structures of the brain responsible for its appearance are located. Therefore, in general, the word “imagination” justifies its mystery and phenomenality, it is the essence of the creative principle. With its help, artistic and cultural masterpieces are created: literature, painting, sculpture. All these achievements are realized by mankind due to this phenomenon.

In the imagination there are hidden opportunities that create unlimited the processes of knowledge in our world. The reflection of reality in the mind with the help of imagination is essential both for the intelligence and for the psyche:

  • a person with the help of imagination plans his further actions and can mentally imagine his behavior, think over the preliminary result of his actions;
  • due to imagination, a person can be transported in time – into the past or the future, randomly evoke long-gone events from memory, relive these feelings, extracting material for creativity from them.
  • in the imagination tasks are solved when the immediate real action in practice is unavailable or is not completely clear; with its help the missing details of the information ca be refined

“Creativity” is not the miraculous road to business growth and affluence that is so abundantly claimed these days. And for the line manager, particularly, it may be more of a millstone than a milestone. Those who extol the liberating virtues of corporate creativity over the somnambulistic vices of corporate conformity may actually be giving advice that in the end will reduce the creative animation of business. This is because they tend to confuse the getting of ideas with their implementation—that is, confuse creativity in the abstract with practical innovation; not understand the operating executive’s day-to-day problems; and underestimate the intricate complexity of business organizations.

The trouble with much of the advice business is getting today about the need to be more vigorously creative is, essentially, that its advocates have generally failed to distinguish between the relatively easy process of being creative in the abstract and the infinitely more difficult process of being innovationist in the concrete. Indeed, they misdefine “creativity” itself. Too often, for them, “creativity” means having great, original ideas. Their emphasis is almost all on the thoughts themselves. Moreover, the ideas are often judged more by their novelty than by their potential usefulness, either to consumers or to the company. In this article, I shall show that in most cases, having a new idea can be “creative” in the abstract but destructive in actual operation, and that often instead of helping a company, it will even hinder it.

Suppose you know two artists. One tells you an idea for a great painting, but he does not paint it. The other has the same idea and paints it. You could easily say the second man is a great creative artist. But could you say the same thing of the first man? Obviously not. He is a talker, not a painter.

That is precisely the problem with so much of today’s pithy praise of creativity in business—with the unending flow of speeches, books, articles, and “creativity workshops” whose purpose is to produce more imaginative and creative managers and companies. My observations of these activities over a number of years lead me firmly to this conclusion. They mistake an idea for a great painting with the great painting itself. They mistake brilliant talk for constructive action.

But, as anybody who knows anything about any organization knows only too well, it is hard enough to get things done at all, let alone to introduce a new way of doing things, no matter how good it may seem. A powerful new idea can kick around unused in a company for years, not because its merits are not recognized but because nobody has assumed the responsibility for converting it from words into action. What is often lacking is not creativity in the idea-creating sense but innovation in the action-producing sense, i.e., putting ideas to work.

Techniques and Applications of AI

Intelligence requires knowledge. Intelligence is the ability to store , retrieve and act on data – efficiently and effectively. Knowledge is a collection of ‘facts’. To manipulate these facts by a program, a suitable representation is required. A good representation facilitates problem solving. Artificial Intelligence enable computers to recognize the knowledge , reason ( questioning it to find out the logic) and act upon it. It is quite difficult to define the characteristics of Knowledge correctly. It differs from data by being organized in a way that corresponds to its application.

Learning is not very different from perception, they both find out about the world based on experience. Perception is the short time scale (where am I?) .Learning is the long time scale (what’s the coefficient of friction?).An AI technique is a method that exploits knowledge and captures generalizations that share properties, are grouped together, rather than being allowed separate representation.AI Techniques tell us how we represent, manipulate and reason with knowledge in order to solve problems. Some of these techniques employ an agent whose job is to use sequences of percepts to estimate the missing details in the world of dynamics.

Different techniques in AI are as follows :

Branch and Bound :

Here, the domain is classified into sections. Knowledge is stored in decision trees . Tree of decisions is formed ( conditions with “yes” or “no” branches). It is a semi-transparent technique. With large problems , it becomes difficult for human interpretation.

Application : Insurance fraud detection & Credit assessment of the loan application for processing bank loans.

Guided search :

It is mainly used in the Optimisation (maximization) problems . Here, the domain is described by a function and optimisation techniques  do not actually produce only local optima.This does not search previously visited point. Therefore , it will not become stuck or get into a loop forever.

Application :Finding the optimal solution with maximum weight , Machine learning applications.

Heuristic search :  

A heuristic is a way of trying to discover an idea. Heuristics are rules of thumb and they do not guarantee a solution to a problem. Heuristic functions are used in some approaches to search or to measure how far a node in a search tree seems to be from a goal. Heuristic technique compares two nodes in a search tree to see if one is better than the other, i.e. constitutes an advance toward the goal, and may be more useful. These algorithms appear to be really intelligent because they perform better. Heuristic algorithms are more efficient because they take advantage of feedback from the data to direct the search path. This search technique is a weak one but can be effective if applied correctly and  it requires domain specific information. Heuristics are knowledge about domain, which help search and reasoning in its domain. Heuristic is a function that, when applied to a state, returns value as estimated merit of state, with respect to goal.  Heuristic evaluation function estimates likelihood of given state leading to goal state.  Heuristic search function estimates cost from current state to goal, presuming function is efficient.

Inference Engine : This technique uses efficient procedures and rules . It is essential in deducting a correct, flawless solution. In case of knowledge-based ES, the Inference Engine acquires and manipulates the knowledge from the knowledge base to arrive at a particular solution. In case of rule based ES, it −  Applies rules repeatedly to the facts, which are obtained from earlier rule application.  Adds new knowledge into the knowledge base if required.  Resolves rules conflict when multiple rules are applicable to a particular case. To recommend a solution, the Inference Engine uses the following strategies −  Forward & Backward Chaining.

Forward Chaining – It is a strategy of an expert system to answer the question, “What can happen next?” Here, the Inference Engine follows the chain of conditions and derivations and finally deduces the outcome. It considers all the facts and rules, and sorts them before concluding to a solution. This strategy is followed for working on conclusion, result, or effect. For example, prediction of share market status as an effect of changes in interest rates.

Backward Chaining -With this strategy, an expert system finds out the answer to the question, “Why this happened?” On the basis of what has already happened, the Inference Engine tries to find out which conditions could have happened in the past for this result. This strategy is followed for finding out cause or reason. For example, diagnosis of blood cancer in humans.

Genetic programming :  Genetic programming is an automated method for creating a working computer program from a high-level problem statement of a problem. Genetic programming starts from a high-level statement of ‘what needs to be done’ and automatically creates a computer program to solve the problem. Supervised learning is the machine learning task of inferring a function from labeled training data. In supervised learning, each example is a pair consisting of an input object (typically a vector) and the desired output value (also called the supervisory signal ).

Neural Networks – Backward Propagation :

Neural Networks model a brain. Nodes represent neurons .They are linked to other nodes via connections ( representing synapses). Nodes send messages to their output when a threshold from their inputs has been reached. Neural networks typically take a vector of input values and produce a vector of output values. Inside, they train weights of “neurons”. Neural networks use supervised learning, in which inputs and outputs are known and the goal is to build a representation of a function that will approximate the input to output mapping.

This approach is learning by example―given a set of right answers, it learns the general patterns. Reinforcement Learning  learns by experience―given some set of actions and an eventual reward or punishment, it learns which actions are good or bad.It is a “Black Box” technique.

Applications : Modelling of industrial systems , Speech recognition programs.

Expert systems :

It is a transparent technique.It becomes difficult for human interpretation with very large problems – above 1000 rules, the logic chain becomes huge.

Applications : Process monitoring and control in medical fields , chemical industries etc.

Summing up….

An AI technique is a method that exploits knowledge and captures generalizations that share properties and can be grouped together. AI Techniques tell us how we represent, manipulate and reason with knowledge in order to solve problems.These techniques have practical applications in almost every field. It forms the basic foundation of the new revolutionizing technology – Intelligent connectivity.

Kindly check the following link to explore further about the topics :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#Tools

Quality v/s Quantity

There is always a big debate going on that what is good QUALITY OR QUANTITY …..Some said that if you have a thing in more quantity then you will win but some said that if you have quality in your work then you will win…… we should listen to whom?????
Actually it depends on situation which is in front of us ….it depends on which topic we are talking about…
So there are some fields in which this confusion has created …these are listed below…..after reading this I hope this confusion just get sort out..

  1. Student life – This dispute always create a confusion specially for students because they are just new comers in the world’s competitive world….
    At student life we all thought if we write so many pages or the full answer copy then we will get more marks, this situation comes specially in board exams and in college exams… they thought so, because maybe they have seen someone who is doing the same and getting the good results … here can be fault of those teachers who check the copy by counting that how many pages a student have filled….
    The students thought so…because there is no one to tell them about this topic…. there is no one who can make understand them that quality matters most.

As they are the new comers and they were at the age where many people get distracted easily ….so they do so…they just flow with everyone….
In this field quality and quantity both matters here quantity doesn’t mean that you are writing a answer which is full of rubbish matter …your content should related to the question.. you should always write quality content…

  1. Politics – In politics quantity is more important ..the more supporters a party have the more powerful the party will be..
    In politics majority matters a lot….

3. Food – we all want food but in quantity???…. the answer is NO… we want food but quality food we make efforts in our whole life just to get quality food , quality life….
In food quality matters.. just think if you have a lot of food but it is rotten then still will you prefer to eat it ???….NO Na ….

4. Business – In business suppose that you are the owner of that, then now think if you have 100 employee but only 50 of them are qualitative , only they are giving best output and other 50 are just increasing the rush…..and for the business it is waste of money by providing them salary….
In business quality matters most…. because if the owner has qualitative workers then the business will grow up…..

5. Children– As we see that in old time a family used to have so many children…they didn’t think that they should focus on quality if they give birth to even a single child and give them the education of values , ethics and make him/her worth to the family, to the society, to the world then it will be more beneficial to all for them as well as the world…..so here quality matters…

6. Social connectivity- In today’s era everyone has social media accounts and have so many friends on it either it is Facebook / Instagram/ twitter and so on…..but a person is all alone in the real world ….now suppose that you have a long friend list in real life but if you can’t trust them and none of them helps you in your tough time then this all long friend list is just waste…..so here also quality matters….

So above are the fields… and here so many field can occur….there is no end of this list …

CONCLUSION OF THIS DISCUSSION IS THAT IT ONLY DEPENDS ON SITUATION OR ON FIELD ….OF WHICH WE ARE TALKING ABOUT …IN SOME FIELDS WE NEED QUANTITY AND SIMILARLY IN SOME FIELDS WE NEED QUALITY….
IT ONLY DEPENDS ON US THAT WHAT WE CHOOSE….SO CHOOSE WISELY….

Dreams

We all have this one thought when we wake up from our sleep. “Whoa.. What a crazy dream.” But then immediately the next moment you try to remember it and think, “What dream?!”

Yes, most of us have been there. So today, let’s talk about these dreams that we have.

Lucid dreaming is quite uncommon. Lucid dreaming is a state where the person is aware that they are dreaming and can even control their dreams. It’s a common phenomenon that we often hear of. But not many people can actually do it. A research suggests that only about 20% of the total population can actually lucid dream.

Dreaming is very important for our health. Through researches it has been found that dreaming is really important for us. We are aware that constant lack of sleep eventually leads to health problems. If we don’t get enough sleep for a long time we may start hallucinating and our concentration power decreases in general. It can also lead to Alzheimer, heart disease, and obesity. Apart from lack of sleep, lack of dreams is also partly responsible for these health hazards. Actually when we are in REM cycle of dreaming it helps us restore our brain and allows us to subconsciously process things.

Dream journals improve how well we remember our dreams. This one is for those who want to be able to remember the dreams that they have when they sleep. It is said that about 95% of all our dreams are quickly forgotten as we wake up. However it is possible that with some skill we can recall our dreams without thinking about it too much. And this skill can be improved through jotting down every detail that we can remember from our dream in a journal. Practicing this on a daily basis can help us remember our dreams in bigger chunks everytime we do it. We just have to be consistent with this one habit.

Dreams become more complex as the night goes on. People who can already remember their dreams might have noticed that as the night grows their dreams become more complex and bizarre. They even become more vivid and emotional. This is likely attributed to the fact that the longer we sleep the deeper sleep we achieve. This allows us to process things work through fears and reorganize memories more intensely.

Not everyone can dream. People who have suffered a traumatic brain injury may find that they no longer can dream. This probably happens because of damage caused on the part of brain that involved emotion, memory and imagination.

We have multiple dreams a night. We usually dream about 4-6 times every night. The time can range from a minute to twenty minutes each. This possible because of the fact that sleep happens in cycles. People usually get to REM sleep, which is required for dreams to haopen about 4-6 times a night. So in an eight-hour sleep period a person might spend two of them dreaming.

So, today when you go to sleep that even though your body will be at rest, your brain won’t! Happy dreaming!

Management Development

“Of course education becomes very very important and that’s for our human resource development.”

– By Abdullah Ahmad Badawi

Today’s scenario is characterised by constant change and dynamism especially in businesses. So, inorder to face this dynamic environment it is very important to change or upgrade yourself according to the need and requirements. Earlier training programmes where conducted in the organisation in order to improve the performance of the employee in a particular job. But now organisations have become more human resource oriented as we know that it is one who plays the main and dominant role in helping the organisation to reach the top and stand apart in the crowd. With the passage of time the role of the managers and executives are becoming complex now it is not as easy as it was earlier. As we know success and growth of an organisation largely depends upon the calibre, capabilities and performance of its managers or executives. So, a manager is the dynamic life-giving element in any organisation. Hence, it becomes important for managers to educate and update themselves regularly about the changes in the management practices. So, it can be said that due to the changes and complexities a new word came into existence and it is Management Development.

Management Development can be defined as a process of utilising a systematic procedure of training by which managerial personnel gain conceptual and theoretical knowledge which he can use to manage the work in their organisation effectively and efficiently. Management Development is a long-term educational process. It involves broader education and its main purpose is long-term development. Management Development is a continuous process as our environment changes continuously so the managers also have to update their knowledge and skills accordingly. As there is always a gap between actual and potential performance. So management development helps in filling these gaps. Management Development programme helps in bridging the gap between the two. This helps in enriching the functional capacity of executives and managers by continuously updating their knowledge and skills through management development programmes. As we know human behaviour is dynamic and it changes from time to time. So in order to ensure better interpersonal skills some properly designed management development programmes should be conducted for attaining managerial success. Management development programmes helps in improving the deficiency of managers and the organisation can derive immediate benefits from these programmes. Management development programmes can be designed by taking into consideration some issues like employee motivation, pattern of conflict, etc as these are the reasons why they cannot show their full potential. And if they receive some quality programmes on these topics this will really help them alot. It also facilitates self-development of managers, as with the help of this programme they can learn new things. The need for management development arises due to the following reasons –

  • Complexity of Jobs – As the current scenario is changing and becoming complicated and more challenging. So in order to cope up this situation the managers and executives need varied skills and proper training to deal with this problem. And this is possible only through management development programmes.
  • Lack of Trained Managers – As we know precious things take time to come infront of us, same goes with employees and managers too. Talented and matured managers and executives are not easily available. We have to find the calibre and talent which is within them and this we have to find out by providing management development.
  • Changes in Technology – As we know rapid changes are taking place in the business world. And to cope up with the change is the main problem. So for this proper training and exposure in computer application and information technology should be provided.
  • Obsolescence – Executive obsolescence occurs due to mental and ageing process. So this can be corrected by offering them some opportunities of self-development and it must continue throughout the career of an executive.

So lastly always provide some or the other opportunities to your managers, executives and employees so that they feel connected with your organisation and can work hard to achieve organisational and individual goals.

Hail Zidane

Zinedine Zidane- A man of inspiration for the upcoming generations. each and every football lover should know his story really well. Zidane can be defined as the Come back king, a True Coach and a perfect man. Probably one of the greatest player of his era. Zidane’s story is an inspirational theory of exactly how sportsman shall be. His victory of La Liga 2019-2020 is very raw and particularly relevant these days, after defeating the arch rival Barcelona indirectly. He never failed to shine in the role of a complete sportsman. Not only just as a player but his hunger for recognition as a coach is commendable. He proved to entire world that a greatest player can be a greatest coach too. To start the story with, Zidane was born on 23rd June 1972. He got his inspiration from the Argentine sportsman Diego Maradona whose techniques “were on another level” for him. Lovingly known as Zizou, he was a French Soccer player who mainly performed as an attacking midfielder. He was an asset for his team, often served as the backbone and has contributed a lot for the enhancement of the football fraternity. Zidane debuted professionally and scored his first goal for Cannes against Nantes. He was devoted to his national team of France where he received a lot of respect. His contribution in Euro Cup 2000, was unforgettable and he also was claimed as the Player of Tournament. He also had a great contribution for FiFA World Cup 2002,2006 and Euro 2004. He was also rewarded as the FIFA World player 1998, 2000 and 2003 also Ballon d’or 1998. He was a one man army who served his team so well and proved himself to be the greatest of all times.

Now lets come to the not-so-famous part, that such a responsible and disciplined person like Zizou, headbutted Marco Materazzi right to his chest, in 2006 World Cup. In the last world cup match of his life, he was shown a Red Card. Seriously was it heroic? or a bizarre act? This shocked the entire world and this was probably one of the worst act for breaking the rules. This drastic step was highly criticized by the media and questions were repeatatively asked to him. This became the most controversial headline. Zidane later accepted his fault and stated that, ” I am not proud of what I did to Materazzi “. Actually, Materazzi revealed that he spoke something worse to Zidane.

An advice for the future fast paced generations is that You have to compete with yourself, your primary competition will be with you and no one else. That very day Zidane had probably taken a vow that it is not okay to lose, or to accept the unfair game. He was of really a challenging nature so he promised to himself that being coward is never an option. you have to show the world your capabilities and what you deserve. Even till now, his aura of an elegant soccer player is still intact. Zidane ruled the Real Madrid club as a star player along with teammates like Cristiano Ronaldo and David Bekham (both supremely stylish players) primarily. Just as a brilliant student evolves to be the Principal. When he returned to Real Madrid as a Coach nobody thought that he is going to flourish so much on the upcoming days, however… He proved his excellence as a manager and was successful on his part. Though some people continued to criticise him whether he deserved to be in the position or not. Zidane was gifted with huge honours namely, Three Champion Leagues, Two European Super Cups, Two Spanish Super Cups also Two Club World Cups. He left his Coaching when he was questioned on whether he was capable of the position or not. The thing was his eligibility was constantly tested in all phases. After that the conditions of Real Madrid coaching really degraded and the previous coach was sacked. Zidane came back again as a King, and for concluding this story… he won the La Liga title after 2017. 34th La Liga Title, 2020 was hoisted by Real Madrid players defeating Villareal, under guidance of Zidane.

“WE WERE A FAMILY WHO HAD COME FROM NOTHING AND NOW WE HAD RESPECT FROM FRENCH PEOPLE OF ALL SORTS’. – Zidane.

REFERENCE: Zinedine Zidane – Wikipedia.

What is Nepotism ?

I think you all are aware about the recent incident about our loss of our gem ,yes you are right I’m talking about” Shushant Singh Rajput “doesn’t you ? If you are then you very well aware about what happened with that beautiful gem you know that was not murder but it is ,why ? Because of our bollywood industry The bollywood castle is totally totally made of paper you know why ? Because there are so many stars who have name and fame but they don’t have any talent or skills and on the other hand our gems exist who have great skills and talent but they unable to get name and fame because they don’t have any background in bollywood that’s why they committed scucide ?

So what do you think ,what we will have to do? support our starkids and dictator of insusry or we’ll have to support our real gems ???

Why we can’t ?

Do you know that most of people fail in their field because of lack of confidence and because of the fear of results , you know this is the most popular fear which can make you uncomfortable , unconscious , undercofidence ,and some time it may be the cause of stress , depression ,unwanted pressureand many more thing , You know many of students deid every single day because of the fear of being failed what do you think about it Tell me please ……

Russia succeed in covid -19 vaccine

Russia becomes first nation to complete clinical trials of Coronavirus vaccine

The results of the human trials showed that the group of volunteers are developing an immunity to COVID-19. 

Russian COVID Vaccine: Russia has become the first nation to successfully complete the human trials of COVID vaccine. Russia’s COVID vaccine has proven to be effective, as per the results of the trials. 

Chief Researcher Elena Smolyarchuk informed on July 12, 2020 that the human trials of Russia’s COVID vaccine have been completed and the volunteers will be discharged soon. Smolyarchuk is the head of Center for Clinical Research on Medications at Russia’s Sechenov University.

The ministry said 18 people had participated in the research and were discharged without “serious adverse events, health complaints, complications or side effects”.

The results of the trials “allow us to speak with confidence about the safety and good tolerability of the vaccine”, it said in a statement.

“Their immunity is working well, antibodies are being created, they are protected against the coronavirus,” researcher Svetlana Volchikhina said in a video released by the defence ministry.

Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu told President Vladimir Putin during the height of the epidemic in Russia in late May that military researchers were developing a vaccine with scientists at the Gamaleya Institute in Moscow.

The volunteers were isolated in the Burdenko military hospital in Moscow on June 18 when the trial vaccine was administered and underwent daily check-ups.

The defence ministry reported that “for 28 days after vaccination, the vital signs of the volunteers remained within normal limits”.

“We now know that we are 100 percent protected,” Yury, a member of the army who participated in the tests, said on leaving the hospital.

A second group of participants who were vaccinated on June 23 are currently in isolation in hospital under medical supervision .The defence ministry has said it expects clinical trials to be fully completed by the end of July .Smolyarchuk confirmed that the research has been completed and it proved that the vaccine was safe. The first group of volunteers is expected to be discharged on July 15, while the second group will be discharged on July 20.

How will long russia covid vaccine avilable in the markets?

Despite the successful human trials of the COVID vaccine, there is no official confirmation on when Russia’s vaccine will enter commercial production stage and be available for local people. 

According to the World Health Organization, there are at least 21 vaccines that are undergoing human trials across the world. India has also begun clinical trials of its two potential vaccine candidates- Bharat Biotech and ICMR’s COVAXIN and Zydus Cadila’s ZyCov-D. The registrations for the human trials of the Indian vaccines began on July 7. 

Russia stands fourth in the world in terms of total confirmed coronavirus cases with 7,27,162 COVID-19 cases including 5,01,061 recoveries and 11,335 deaths, as of July 13, 2020. Globally, around 1,25,52,763 COVID-19 cases have been detected, which includes more than 564,0 00 deaths.

So here we can understand the situation of covid vaccine in world, we can just pray from god that covid 19 vaccine will launch as soon as possible.

Pm mudra yojana scheme

The Government of India launched a flagship scheme called Prime Minister Mudra Yojana (PMMY) on 8th April 2015 to extend affordable loans to the non-corporate, non-farm micro and small enterprises to cater to their funding needs. One of the major aims of MUDRA loans was to bring the target audience into the formal financial fold.

What is MUDRA?

Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Limited is MUDRA full form created as a refinancing institution providing loans up to Rs. 10 lakhs maximum to the eligible enterprises through the Commercial Banks, RRBS, Cooperative Banks, NBFC and MFI etc. The borrowers can approach the nearby branches of the lending institutions or apply for loans under the MUDRA scheme or apply online.

The genesis of MUDRA:

The largest economic sector of the country after agriculture comprises of non-corporate micro enterprises generating the bulk of the employment opportunities estimated to be approximately ten crores impacting the life of 50 crore Indians. They are mainly engaged in manufacturing, trading, processing and services, and the enterprises are broadly classified as proprietary or Own Account Enterprises (OAE). Understandably, this sector is deemed to be the economic bulwark of the country, yet it is reckoned to be the largest disorganized business eco-systems in the world. The NSSO survey of 2013 places the OAE at 5.77 crore units, which lie out of the ambit of the formal financial sector enjoying no credit facilities whatsoever. The MUDRA scheme under the aegis of the PMMY aims to be this huge sector into the fold of institutional credit, transforming them into a potent instrument of employment and GDP growth.

The mission statement of Pradhan Mantri Mudra Loan is to create an inclusive value based entrepreneurial culture which is sustainable in partnership with financial institutions in achieving financial security and success.

 key benefits of MUDRA loan:

  • Micro and small enterprises engaged in income generation are the prime target for extension of loan facilities.
  • The borrowers are not required to provide any collateral or security to avail of Mudra Loan.
  • There are no processing charges for availing of the loan.
  • The loans are provided for the funded and non-funded category, inducing an element of flexibility in the usage of funds.
  • The loans can be in the form of term loans, overdraft facility, letters of credit or bank guarantees, thus catering to a wide array of requirements.
  • The Mudra loan scheme does not prescribe any minimum amount.

MUDRA Loan Details:

The name of the type of loan facilities under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Loan is suggestive of the developmental phases of an enterprise and the quantum of loan sanctioned. There are three Categories of the MUDRA loans based on the stated parameters making the business viable.

1. Sishu: This loan is meant for entrepreneurs who are looking to start a business or in the process of establishing one. The maximum loan sanctioned under this category is Rs.50000. The basic norms of the loan are:

  • To provide finance for machinery.
  • Valid quotation and supplier details are essential.

2. Kishor: Under the MUDRA scheme, this category of loan is targeted towards entrepreneurs looking to expand their business through the infusion of fresh funds. Thus, the loan sanctioned under this category is in the range of Rs.50001 to Rs.5 lakhs. The key requirements for availing of this loan are:

  • The existing balance sheet for the previous two years.
  • Bank account statement.
  • Income and sales returns.
  • Estimated balance sheet for the current year.

3.Tarun: The third type of loan under PMMY is for entrepreneurs who are well entrenched and have established themselves in the business and yet looking for further growth or diversification. The loan sanctioned under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana for this type of loan is in the range of Rs.500001 to Rs.10 lakhs. The amount involved being the highest under the MUDRA Scheme, the requirements are more stringent than the other two loans. Some of the key requirements are:

  • All the requirements listed for Kishor Mudra Loan.
  • Address and Identity proof.
  • Caste certificate, if eligible for reservation.
  • Primarily the loan facilities are extended to non-corporate non-farm enterprises. However, farm sector enterprises involved in allied services like fisheries, food processing and horticulture, to name a few are eligible.

So, if you are thinking to start your own business, you can take benefits of this scheme and contact with your nearby bank branches, check the eligibility of banks and processes and take loan according to your business.

NGOS-THE BACKBONE OF SOCIETY

NGOS are the backbone of poor’s, so, here we can know about how can ngos standardized the livelihoods of poor’s

But ngos not only help poor’s by giving them shelter and fodd but they also help in many way

1 By giving education of many things

Ex (education regarding sanitary, education regarding hygiene, education to children’s)

2 By giving employment to poor’s

Ex (according to their skills which they may suits best)

Going right in the middle of the communities and through insightful research, NGOs can ensure that the poorest of the poor in India get to experience sustainable growth and get an access to education and employment opportunities, and avail essential services.

Now, no’s help the poor to reduce poverty and make their life standardized in many ways but Assessing NGO’s performance in poverty reduction is a difficult task. However, it is worth learning from other observations conducted on NGO performance in alleviating poverty.

Likewise, Although NGO’s are appraised for their tremendous work, other scholars have opined that they do not see their essence due to the fact that many have fallen below expectations. In this Chapter, however, researcher’s task is to review the literature of other scholarly works as it relate to NGO’s roles in poverty alleviation.

NGOs general aim is to alleviate poverty through activities that promote capacity building and self-reliance.

NGOs are praised for promoting community self-reliance and empowerment through supporting community-based groups and relying on participatory processes.

In Sub-Saharan Africa for instance where survival for daily bread is a major hurdle, NGOs have been seen as liberators of human suffering the evidence is in Sierra Leone were sixty percent of citizens survival dependent upon donors.

Sustainable development, on the other hand, has emerged over the past few decades as an important paradigm for poverty alleviation.

In India, Poverty has been a firm and importunate problem. All the way through the independence to decades after that. Role of NGO, especially in a country like India, is very crucial. In fact, according to current statistics, a huge chunk of the Indian population is still below the poverty level. Not to mention, the focus of elections and all other political agendas have been around the concern. Various government subsidies and poverty amelioration mechanisms have been incorporated in the country. However, most of them failed to offer a commendable result.

Throughout the last few decades, role of NGO’s is extremely significant in poverty amelioration mechanism. They have brought about some of the best employment opportunities, livelihood programs, self-help groups and also empowerment programs. Many families both in rural and urban areas have enjoyed some of the most viable and consistent benefits from these NGO’s.

Role of NGO in poverty alleviation

  • NGO’s play a significant role in offering relief and other basic amenities to individuals who are suffering from extreme poverty.
  • These non-governmental organizations have initiated some empowerment programs. These programs empower both men and women, thereby offering some commendable benefits in their lifestyle.
  • NGO’s have brought about some viable and effective, skill based livelihood programs.
  • Various public services are provided by the NGO’s both at Macro and Micro levels.
  • NGO’s have also implemented some viable development programs which are extremely handy for the poverty stricken individuals.

Poverty has been a firm and importunate problem in India, all the way through the independence to decades after that. Role of NGO, especially in a country like India, is very crucial. In fact, according to current statistics, a huge chunk of the Indian population is still below the poverty level. Not to mention, the focus of elections and all other political agendas have been around the concern. Various government subsidies and poverty amelioration mechanisms have been incorporated in the country. However, most of them failed to offer a commendable result.

Throughout the last few decades, role of NGO’s is extremely significant in poverty amelioration mechanism. They have brought about some of the best employment opportunities, livelihood programs, self-help groups and also empowerment programs. Many families both in rural and urban areas have enjoyed some of the most viable and consistent benefits from these NGO’s.

Role of NGO in poverty alleviation

  • NGO’s play a significant role in offering relief and other basic amenities to individuals who are suffering from extreme poverty.
  • These non-governmental organizations have initiated some empowerment programs. These programs empower both men and women, thereby offering some commendable benefits in their lifestyle.
  • NGO’s have brought about some viable and effective, skill based livelihood programs.
  • Various public services are provided by the NGO’s both at Macro and Micro levels.
  • NGO’s have also implemented some viable development programs which are extremely handy for the poverty stricken individuals.

Apart from this, various other strategies are incorporated by the NGO’s to reduce poverty.

Providing resources to the poor

NGO’s offer socio-economic services

Helping to achieve the developmental goals.

NGOs MICROFINANCE ROLE A STRATEGY FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION

Microfinance is another important sector that NGO’s have fully utilized in reaching out to the poor. Their roles in this sector, has immensely contributed to alleviating poverty among the poor. The purpose of using microfinance to alleviate poverty is as a result of what role microfinance can play and what impact it created on the beneficiaries. Microfinance has a very important role to play in development according to proponents of microfinance.

Now, these are the ways we can eliminate and reduce the poverty and improve the lives of poor’s by ngos .through examines the lives of poor’s ,by that properly, we can use microfinance and empowerment programs by all above mentioned activities we can improve the livelihoods of poor’s through NGOS.

BE SMART AND INNOVATE YOUR SELF TO THE FULLEST POWER

                                                                                                  -SHUBHANKAR

Well innovation is the need of the hour. But how to get the right innovative idea for the right product/service, is the most important question to answer. See, marketing a product or service is as important as say, giving a life to a product. Without proper marketing techniques, a product or service, be it very very good won’t succeed in a consumer-oriented market, which is in place nowadays. Consumer is the king of the market, whatever he/she demands needs to be provided, if not the consumers can shift from one seller to another in no time. So, now the question arises, how can one be innovative in a right way.

The answer to this question is the fact that marketers should be open to analysing the market in frequent intervals. What I mean by analysing the market is, the marketers need to know about what is the target market for their product or service, how will they manage to get their attention, what’s the best means of communication through which they can communicate about their product to the customer in a very effective way. Innovation comes to play in this area of work for the marketer. Marketer after making sure that he/she has selected the best medium of communication, has to now decide the innovative feature he/she can add to make the advertisement of the product or service stand out among the competitors in the market in the eyes of the consumers.

Now talking about innovation, innovative means are very different for any individual. Some marketers might innovate with the distribution strategy, put into perspective different schemes for their customers to increase sales, some might look for product innovation, creating a unique product for the consumers, which would let them earn higher profits in the future. What marketers can use is the psychological aspect. Psychological aspect in branding can be very well used through the use of colours.

Now let me explain you the use of colours in branding in a very effective way:

            COLOURS        EMOTIONSBRAND (Using this in logo)
BlueStrength, TrustHP, Twitter
GreenPeaceful, HealthMonster
DiversifiedMixed FeelingsMicrosoft, eBay
YellowWarmth, ClarityBest Buy
RedBold, PowerExxon

Now, see this is one of the innovative ways through which various companies can design their logo’s in a very different and attractive way.

The 2nd innovative thing which a company can do is the use of innovative names. According to a survey, the company with the most innovative names in the 21st century is Apple Inc. and the 2nd position is taken by Alphabet company. And look at the performances of these companies, these are the top companies of the world, and one of the factors besides their unique and technology bounded products is the uniqueness of their names. Now, having said so much about marketing and stuff, what about the uniqueness in the advertising displayed through various communication modes.

The 3rd and the most important thing is the innovativeness shown in the advertisements. Advertisements are the one’s which show the product or service to the end consumers. So, if the advertisement is unique, so will the sales ultimately increase. One of the most important aspect in advertisement is the use of emotional aspect in advertisement. If the advertisement is emotionally appealing, them it has the most positive impact on the consumers. This is a kind of mind game which the marketer needs to play and sell his product.

MESNE PROFIT

Section 2(12) CPC states, “‘Mesne Profit’ of property means those profits which the person in wrongful possession of such property actually received or might with ordinary diligence have received therefrom, together with interest on such profits, but shall not include profits due to improvements made by the person in wrongful possession.”

When a person is dispossessed from his immovable property, he has two rights:

  1. He is entitled to receive possession of property;
  2. He is also entitled to receive damages for wrongful dispossession.

The mesne profits are a compensation which are penal in nature.

OBJECT

Every person has a right to possess his property. And when he is deprived of such right by another person, he is not only entitled to restoration of possession of his property, but also damages for wrongful possession from that person. The mense profits are thus a compensation paid to the real owner.

The object of awarding a decree for mense profit is to compensate the person who has been kept out of possession and deprived of enjoyment of his property even though he has entitled to possession thereof.

WHO IS LIABLE FOR MESNE PROFIT?

A person in wrong possession and enjoyment of immovable property is liable to mesne profits because wrongful possession of the defendant is the essence of a claim for mesne profits. Following persons are liable for mesne profit:

  • a trespasser;
  • a person against whom a decree for possession has been passed;
  • a mortgagor in possession of mortgaged property after a decree for foreclosure has been passed against him;
  • a mortgagor in possession of property even after a decree for redemption is passed;
  • a tenant holding over at will after a notice to quit has been served upon him.

Where the plaintiff is dispossessed by several persons, everyone would be liable to pay mesne profit to the plaintiff even though he might not be in actual possession or the profits might not have been received by him. The court in such cases may hold all the trespassers jointly and severely liable, leaving them to have their respective rights adjusted in a separate suit for contribution; or, may ascertain and apportion the liability of each of them. (Fateh Chand v.s Bal Kishan Das,AIR 1963 SC)

ASSESSMENT

In assessing the mesne profits, usually the Court will take into account what the defendant has gained or reasonably might have gained by his wrongful possession of the property. the test is not what the plaintiff has lost by being out of possession but what the defendant gained or might reasonably and with ordinary prudence have gained by such wrongful possession.

PRINCIPLES

The guiding principles for determination of mesne profits are as follow:

  • The profits must be accounted of by the person in wrongful possession.
  • Restoration of status to the decree holder about the possession of the property.
  • Use to which the decree holder would have put the property if he himself was in possession.

RANI LAXMI BAI..[A GREAT WARRIOR]

As we know that we got our independence by sacrificing a lot….
There were some heroes (we call them freedom fighters ) who made the independence possible by their efforts…. today we are free from the chain of restrictions which were applied by the British rulers on that time…..and now we can breathe under the sky of freedom.

India’s history is fully filled by the stories of great people and I am talking about one of them.

Today I want to talk about a queen ,a warrior of our country who made a remarkable image of her in the pages of history… even today’s women are getting inspire with her journey.. With her soul..
I am talking about the RANI LAXMI BAI……..JHANSI KI RANI….

Her remarkable efforts, sacrifices.. Made her immortal…. Let’s start the journey of JHANSI KI RANI…..

The rani Laxmi bai was born to a high-caste prominent Brahmin family in Banaras (now Varanasi) on November 19, 1828. Formally named Manikarnika, she was called “Manu” by her parents. Her mother, Bhagirathi, died when she was 4. Under the care of her father, Moropant Tambe, she grew up. Her father worked for Peshwa Baji Rao II of Bithoor district. The Peshwa called her “Chhabili”, which means “playful”. Her education included horsemanship, fencing and shooting.

Laxmibai contrasted many of the patriarchal cultural expectations for women in India’s society at this time

Manikarnika was married to the king of Jhansi gangadhar rao in 1842 And was afterwards called Laxmibai in honor of the Hindu goddess Laxmi and according to the traditions. She gave birth to a boy, later named Damodar Rao, in 1851, who died after four months. The Maharaja adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao’s cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the day before the Maharaja died. The adoption was in the presence of the British political officer who was given a letter from the Maharaja instructing that the child be treated with respect and that the government of Jhansi should be given to his widow for her lifetime.

After the death of the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted son, the British East India Company, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, applied the Doctrine of Lapse, rejecting Damodar Rao’s claim to the throne and annexing the state to its territories. When she was informed of this she cried out “I shall not surrender my Jhansi” (Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi). In March 1854, Rani Laxmibai was given an annual pension of Rs. 60,000 and ordered to leave the palace and the fort.

When the entire country was already fighting the first war for Independence, Rani joined the wagon after Sir Hugh Rose demanded the complete surrender of Jhansi.

She was further supported by great warriors like Gulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Khuda Baksh, Sunder-Mundar, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh among others. To strengthen her defence, Rani also had an army of women. She decamped to Kalpi with a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, including Tatya Tope. They occupied the town of Kalpi and prepared to defend it. On 22 May British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded by the Rani herself and were again defeated.

They came to Gwalior and joined the Indian forces The Rani was unsuccessful in trying to persuade the other rebel leaders to prepare to defend Gwalior against a British attack which she expected would come soon. General Rose’s forces took Morar on 16 June and then made a successful attack on the city.

It is said that she fought the British bravely with her infant son Damodar tied to her back and swords in her hands. After giving a tough fight to the Britishers, she was killed on 17 June 1988, following which troops whisked away her body so that her last wish of not being captured by the British could be fulfilled.

In the British report of this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Laxmibai is “personable, clever and beautiful” and she is “the most dangerous of all Indian leaders”.

Today Rani Jhansi Museum in the Fort of Jhansi is home to some of the weapons used by Rani Laxmibai and her fellow warriors throughout the Rebellion of 1857. The museum houses a collection of archaeological remains of the period between the 9th and 12th centuries AD.

There is a famous poem on JHANSI KI RANI…

BUNDELE HARBOLON KE MUKH HMNE SUNI KAHANI THI
KHOOB LADI MARDAANI WHO TOH JHANSI WALI RANI THI…….

There are also some poems which are written on the great JHANSI KI RANI…

As we have read above the story of RANI LAXMI BAI we see that how many challenges she faced but she didn’t compromise with her self-respect and she just fought, fought and fought with the British rulers…..

There are a lot of people born daily…. a lot of people die daily… but.. there are only few people who made their remark in history …only few become immortal in history…….we should learn.. form them…

DOWRY SYSTEM

Much has been said about the condition of women in free India. Statesmen, politicians and women who spend their time in social service and women’s Organisations have been talking day in and day out about the appalling state of women in India . There are many evil practices prevailing in India. One of these evils is the dowry system.

When one stops to think how this system must have caught such strong roots in Indian society, one can find it to be born out of convenience. Several explanations are given for the prevalence of the dowry system. Some trace it to the custom followed by many kings of the past and princely chieftains when they gave away their daughters in marriage. It was felt that the life of the daughters should start on a convenient and happy note. So when they were sent to their father- in-law’s house they were given large gifts. The kings or princess or the aristocratic classes wished to give their daughters a gift that would be consistent with their own dignity and status. The motive behind this was to ensure the happiness of the girls in their new homes. This settlement was a revelation of a natural affection of a father towards his daughter. But in later times the practice took a new turn.

It is one of the weakness of human beings to follow what others had done before. Very often they choose from past experiences only what is convenient for them without stopping to think whether it is good or bad. Similarly, when they saw that gifts accompany girls when the latter went to their new home after marriage, some unscrupulous men began to make this practice a convention. They saw in this practice a means of earning some easy money for themselves. The pawn in their game was the helpless girl. Parents of eligible bachelors see in the girls parents a gold mine which has to be exploited to its full capacity. So they began to demand certain things from the girls parents. In this way, what started as a convenience and a matter of personal prestige turned out to be a custom. What was received by the bridegroom’s father as a gift in olden days took on the nature of a ‘demand’ in later times.

What was once a voluntary gift became transformed into a custom known as dowry. A curious explanation is given by some people who demand dowry for their sons. They cite economic conditions as reasons for their demand. Since they have to satisfy many relatives and friends they require large funds and it is this that they expect from the other party. They do not require it is for themselves! This explanation is quietly and conveniently forgotten when they have to give away their daughter in marriage and when such a demand as theirs is made by a boy’s father. In other words, they want to GET but not to GIVE. At such times they forget that economic conditions are the same for all people and are not their own special lot alone. In this manner, the dowry system has come to stay in our society. During the recent past it has become common to all levels of society. Even men with large property and high income demand dowry.

Greed for money and wealth thus perpetuates an evil. To a certain extent the girls themselves are responsible for this. The admirable qualities of obedience, tolerance and patience prove to be disadvantages to them under these conditions. They dare not oppose these practices and refuse to yield to the ‘demands’. In the case of the boys, they plead their helplessness and inability to oppose their father. The very same boys would have protested to their father and even fought for their liberty in matters like getting a scooter and other things.

Today, the dowry system has become a positive evil. Avaricious vultures ill treat their daughter-in-law in many ways. There are a number of what have come to be known as dowry deaths. Girls are tortured and sent back to their parents and are refused readmission into their father – in-law’s house unless they come back with the demands fulfilled.

The remedy, therefore, lies more in the hands of the younger generation. But society cannot wash its hands off the whole affair, leaving the responsibility on the shoulders of the young couple. Voluntary Organisations must come forward to educate the public on the evils of the dowry system and also see to it that those who are intransigent are bought to book. What the machinery of the Government cannot do effectively must be attempted and accomplished by these Organisations and by individuals with a sense of duty and service. The ways may be difficult, but the evil MUST be driven away from life. Unless it is done at the earliest the malady will pass on to the future generations and posterity would inherit this.

Freedom of speech and expression: a ruse?

Humans are categorized as different from animals on the basis of a defining characteristic “self consciousness”. This feature states that we have the ability to be aware of our surroundings and be aware in general about our thoughts, emotions and words. Being in a society that constantly asks for certain order and rules according to which everyone is expected to behave ,our words and thoughts have to be filtered before voicing them out. “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; the right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek and receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers” proclaims the Universal Declaration Of Human Rights (1948).

These rules and regulations have been made part of our constitution. The right to freedom of speech and expression is subject to limitations imposed under Article 19(2). Article 19(1)(a) of Indian Constitution says that all citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression. Freedom of Speech and expression means the right to express one’s own convictions and opinions freely by words of mouth, writing, printing, pictures or any other mode.

Freedom of expression has four broad special purposes to serve:

1) It helps an individual to attain self-fulfillment.

2) It assists in the discovery of truth.

3) It strengthens the capacity of an individual in participating in decision-making.

4) It provides a mechanism by which it would be possible to establish a reasonable balance between stability and social change.

5) All members of society would be able to form their own beliefs and communicate them freely to others

Bearing all this fundamental information about freedom of speech and expression lets talk about the ongoing onslaught on comedians in India. Agrima Joshua, a comedian from Mumbai, faced the online mob who attacked her on social media. Some of the trolling had to do with her political views, some with the religious community to which she belongs.  Joshua took a dig at some of the outlandish claims made about a proposed statue of medieval Maratha king Chhatrapati Shivaji. The online mob made sure to misrepresent the content of the video, claiming that Joshua was ridiculing Shivaji – rather than simply mocking the absurd claims made by supporters of the statue. The online audience in response decided to step up their game and started posting their own videos involving graphic rape threats and went so far as to vandalize the place the sketch took place in. A series of disappointing events including the siding of the Maharashtra government with the online mob and comedians coming out and apologizing for their videos followed.

All these events are misuse of the right to freedom of expression or not is the main question to ponder on. Is it okay for people to voice their opinions whether wrong or not? On one side artists are encouraged to talk about political and happening topics in the country to generate awareness while on the other when they do they are reprimanded for misusing their freedom of speech. Where is the line drawn? Expressing the online mob’s dislike towards the video could be done in a civilized way rather than giving rape threats. Will females be dragged down by asserting dominance using rape every time they validate their right to freedom and expression. The digging up of religion hurting statements continued for several other comics who came up and apologized for their videos. And yet their personal details (address, mobile number, etc) were circulated online.

 The misuse of freedom of expression has reached to its peak now. Enough for us to question what is right or wrong and what can be voiced out in public and what cannot. The standup comic scene is definitely going to be very different post Covid19 and also every public speaker is going to face more of the online mob hunting. As the youth of the country its our responsibility to exercise our right of freedom of expression and speech in a conscientious manner.

Brand Leadership

Unilever the largest company in the world has its stock prices always mounted high, they are also globally recognized for their innovative power and brand building. In 1947, Unilever entered the Malaysian Market. They were already famous for their effective and efficient manufacturing capacity. What was the reason behind Unilever’s growth in Foreign land? In every article, I found Unilever focuses on Portfolio analysis and they did a thorough study of the depth and breadth of their brand. Conducting intensive research in and out, studying the target audience, keeping themselves updated with the pace of transformation, focus on brand portfolio and PESTLE analysis is what made Unilever a mate of every household in Malaysia.
We all know, Malaysia is a Muslim country. Meeting the local cultural need of the target audience is not an easy task for companies. But Unilever successfully crossed all the barriers and introduced a new brand- Wall’s Ice-cream. The product was Halal certified fulfilling the demand of locals. In a short span, the success of the brand was counted remarkable.

LAW IN INDIA

Law is essential for society to function. The chaotic human nature has proven that laws are guidelines for humanity’s road to harmony. According to Hugo Grotius, perception of law he argued that law arises from the social impulse of humanity. Law is a tool that maintains the balance between those who are victims are those who harm the victims. Law is dynamic and ever-changing. It changes along with the consequential change in human nature. Law has always reflected human nature. The crucial part of the law is that every man regardless of his wealth, gender, community, and color is equal in the eyes of law. Thus the law is an important fragment of human existence.

Law is classified into civil law and criminal law. Criminal law is laws or rules created for the protection of the public against potentially serious crimes. The laws are against acts that are morally, ethically wrong, and threatening to the public welfare of the community thus halting the progress of the society to a harmonious society. Criminal offenses are considered offenses against the public. Criminal cases are punished by ordering fines, imprisonments, or rehabilitation of the guilty or even death sentences. Criminal cases are always filed by the government as it is a crime against the public as a whole. Criminal law in India is governed by the Indian penal code, The Code of Criminal Procedure, and the Evidence Act. The criminal acts are categorized according to the nature of the act as felonies or misdemeanors. Felonies are serious crimes; they are classified into different classes and given different punishments according to the severity of the crime. Felonies are punishable by imprisonment or death. Misdemeanors are violations of law or lesser offenses such as parking violations and are punished for a sentence lesser than a year.

Civil law on the other hand is offenses against individual persons. The party at fault or the guilty person has to pay compensation or obey the laws for a remedy as said by the law. Civil law is practiced to uphold the individual’s private right and find suitable remedies for the violated rights. Civil law aims to solve disputes or disagreements between individuals, families, or companies by providing compensation to the party that is harmed. Civil law is classified into Contract, Tort, and Family Law. Contract law is rules are applied when two or more parties agree to enter into an agreement or contract; all parties in the agreement are required to respect the terms of the agreement. Any parties found to have broken the terms of the contract then they have committed a civil wrong and broken the contract. Contact law in India is based on the English common law of England. Tort Law is applied when there is personal injury or negligence such as trespass. The laws of torts in India in ancient times were the Muslim Sharia laws and the Hindu laws which had a very restricted expansion of the idea of torts. When the British established courts in India which were run as per the English laws, Torts were introduced to the Indian judicial system. Family law is concerned with divorce, inheritance, adoption, marriage annulment, birth certificate, and child custody matters. Since India has a diverse population where different religions are followed, India’s family laws are based on different religions. The Hindus follow the Hindu Marriage act of 1955, the Muslims follow the
Muslim Personal Law Application Act 1936, Christians follow the Indian Christian marriage act of 1936 and the Special Marriage Act 1954 applies to all persons regardless of their religion, the caste of community.

Law is always been dynamic and the crux of the law is that it offers justice to people regardless of his wealth, gender, community, and color is equal in the eyes of law. Law in India is a fairly complex conception of rules. India has grown its roots into the judicial system the British left behind. India did although have the existence of various law systems before which was very restricted. With the introduction of English law systems and the introduction of torts in the Indian judicial system gave the people more chances for aggrieved parties to come to court.

Big Data! How much does it matter in today’s World?

Extracting and analysing information or data sets that are very large and complex to be analysed using traditional methods is very difficult and time consuming. Big data analytics is the use of advanced analytic techniques to do this in a comparatively easy and efficient way.

One must understand that the importance of this vast subject is not in how much data you have, but what you do with the data that you have. We can analyse this data to make smart decision in any work place environment. This is used in many organisations for cost reduction, improving customer experience, enhance online security.

The major industries that use Big Data Analytics:

1). Banking Sector

The banking sector uses big data analytics to detect credit card fraud, pattern in loan payment defaulters, tick analytics, credit risk reporting and risk analysis in case of money laundering and trade analytics among others.

The Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States is using network analytics and natural language processors to detect illegal trade activity in the financial market (stock market).

2).Entertainment Sector

 The Entertainment sector especially online streaming services use Big Data analytics to understand patterns of real time content usage, creation of new content for the audience based on age demographics, culture and language of the region. They also use this to recommend movies and music to the user based on previously watched content.

Have you wondered why YouTube always keeps popping those cooking videos?

3).E-Commerce Industry

From recommending the next product to buy based on previously bough items to items currently in the cart, big data analytics is a major player in the e-commerce industry.

Other than recommending new items to buy, big data analytics is used in this sector to reduce fraud (don’t keep returning items), analysis of inventory, decision of what products to be kept in which region and number of delivery staff to be deployed in an area all depends on the cluster of customer in that region. 

4).Health Care Sector

Big Data analytics is becoming more and more important in the healthcare industry mainly because of the vast amount of information available and increasing healthcare costs.

This is used for efficient staffing in hospitals i.e. how many doctors and nurses needed to be always present in the hospital to provide adequate care to the patient.

Analysing the patient’s record and keeping a check on his/her health always (e.g. blood pressure and glucose testing at home, exercise routine) and informing the patient about the next to visit the doctor. Risk of the same condition passed on to the patient’s descendants. The consulting doctor also gets these alerts. 

 5). Government

The government is by far the biggest user of Big Data analytics. The uses range from health care research, environmental protection, financial market analysis, fraud detection in money laundering and tax payment fraud and finding resources of energy.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) uses Big Data analytics to detect and study patterns of food-related illnesses and diseases. This makes it possible for a faster response, which leads to rapid treatment and to ban the substance that causes life threatening diseases.

Drink Lassi

Smooth, frozen, yogurt drink mixed with fresh seasonal fruits and water is mouthwatering. From salty to sweet there are many varieties of Lassi and it tastes divine when garnished with dry fruits on top. Lassi is a customary drink of Punjab, India. There it is served in a tall glass. Lassi is useful for our body too. It benefits in lessening stored fat from our body, specifically in the abdomen, and also beneficial in an excretory problems. Being rich in calcium, Lassi aids in making our bone stronger. So, make Lassi at home and enjoy it. It’s easily made at home and you don’t need to put the effort into it.

A cup of cold yogurt

Sugar according to your taste/Salt

Half glass of cold water

Seasonal fruits (you prefer)

Blend all the above ingredients in a blender for two-three minutes and pour it in a glass. For garnishing use dry fruits on the top. Enjoy!

“Man is by nature a political animal”. How far is it true in the case of students?

The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle believed and quoted that man is a political being. He always felt so, because man is blessed with the ability to speak and rationalize. No other species on this earth have been blessed with these abilities, hence he feels that we must make best use of it. But how far does it apply to the students? This topic has always been a bone of content in our country. A lot of people feel that it’s in the best interest of the student, if they don’t involve themselves in politics, on the other hand people feel students must involve themselves into politics,  as they are the future of this country. You might as well think about what’s best for the students? There is a clear cut difference between educating yourself about politics, and getting involved in politics. A lot of people feel that the participation of students in politics will weaken their will to study, and educate themselves academically. The people opposing this, have also claimed that, the participation of students in political movements, during the freedom struggle had a great impact on the Britishers. Even during the second World War, a lot of students were actively participating, and helping their respective countries.

Advantages of students not participating in politics:-

  • With the level of corruption prevailing in politics, it’s almost impossible for students to remain honest and sincere. Hence it degenerates their moral character.
  • These students might be used by political parties for their selfish needs.
  • These students become a tool in the hands of the politicians, who achieve their needs through them.
  • These students will ultimately lose their interest in studies, and direct their full potential to politics.
  • These students are also used for the purpose of strike and protest. Hence they end up destroying public property, and they cause damage to themselves.

Advantages of students educating themselves about politics:

  • This will help them concentrate more on their academics, as well as give importance to politics.
  • They get to increase their Political knowledge through various debates and discussions happening in colleges.
  • Since they are completely educated, they can make use of various approaches, to solve an issue arising.
  • Inorder to straighten the democracy,  more educated leaders are required.
  • Educated leaders in future can also possibly remove the rotten system of politics, filled with corruption in our country.
  • Educated leaders are also much more capable of bringing in new reforms that the society requires.

Conclusion:- 

It is good to conclude that politics is inevitably present in every students’ life, and it cannot be ignored. Having immense knowledge about politics is always important as students are the future leaders of our democracy. At the same time it is good to not mix politics into their academics as it will do no good to them. An educated and wise leader is the one people look forward to, and in order to be that, students must work hard in their academics without getting involved completely into politics. But when time comes and this nation is in need of young minds, students mustn’t hesitate to give their all to this country.

Books:A Best Friend in Disguise

Good friends, good books, and a sleepy conscience: this is the ideal life.- Mark Twain

Life is not easy to live without friends. When it involves Books, they will be our greatest friends ever. Good Books enriches our minds with good thoughts and knowledge a bit like an honest friend. We cannot feel alone within the company of books. We can learn many goodies while reading an honest book. Books written by famous and experienced people help us to become a far better person and also teach us the way to serve the society within the absolute best way. When we are alone, we will always devour a book and begin reading to feel relax.

A great book should leave you with many experiences, and slightly exhausted at the end. You live several lives while reading.- William Styron

Books are our greatest friends because they inspire us to try to great things in life and overcome our failures. We learn tons from good books a bit like an honest friend. Books can be good or bad, but it is our responsibility to choose them wisely. Friendship with Good books causes you to person and friendship with Bad books cause you to person. Books will always be there for you in your bad times. Books teach us to have dreams. Books bring positive value to our life.

“Outside of a dog, a book is man’s best friend. Inside of a dog it’s too dark to read.”
― Groucho Marx

Section 193 in The Railways Act, 1989

Section 193 in the railway act 1989 is about notices served by the statuary authority to any person by the railway administration. The railway act was last amended by Shri D.V. Sadananda Gowda, Minister of Railways in 2014[1]. The railway act 1989 helps keep the system of the railway industry intact and disciplined. The following rules laid by the legislation are to keep our countries railway line working efficiently and effectively. The above mentioned section is a very important section as it lays down the procedure of notifying railway related information to an individual.

Administration of notice, and so on., by railway organization. — Unless in any case gave in this Act or the principles encircled thereunder, any notification or other report required or approved by this Act to be served on any individual by a railway organization might be served by conveying it to the individual, by leaving it at the standard or last known spot of home of the individual, by enlisted present tended to on the individual at his typical or last known spot of dwelling place.[2]

[1] https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/railways_%28A%29_bill%2C_2014.pdf

[2] The Railway act, 1989

Is Religion The Problem?

Humanity’s most vicious ambitions have been carried out in the name of gods no one has ever seen and beliefs followers are not willing to question and investigate. Until humankind learns to more closely examine their beliefs, wars waged in ignorance will continue to plague our species and prevent lasting peace.

If the emotions of one in need are like a hurricane, then religion needs to learn how to create the space a hurricane needs to slow and become calm. Rigid rules to such a person are like trying to nail down a hurricane. Guilt makes the winds blow all the harder. Only in moments of calm, when sought, will advice be of help – any other time it will add de- bris to the winds. There a time to actively help and a time to love quietly, trust yourself to sense the difference.

Religion initially commenced as a solution for the problems existing at that time, say 5000 BC. However, at some point in time, it started appearing as the pebble in the shoe of humanity and it’s progression . The anarchy, unprovoked killings and disorderly social structure needed a system, and religion got itself evolved. While it was evolved many others came forward with their own versions to super implant the existing ones. But their actions only increased the number of religions. We landed up with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Islam etc. Since more religions came into existence, there were varieties to choose for the people. After having chosen, the people started propagating them. In their enthusiasm, they started negating the existing ones. This resulted in hatred, mistrust and hostility which ended up with problems for the state. Instead of being a solution religion has turned out to be a problem.

Religion is neither the problem nor the solution. The point is, religion was a vessel out from which human curiosity was able to spring, but it is also a tool of social control and thus is opposed to actual progress. It’s about faith and perception of it which is posing as the biggest problem in our country. Every single religion here has it’s own good and bad preachings. If one feels that his or her faith in a religion is far more truthful and look down upon remaining religions is nothing but adult way of showing you are having bigger scoop of ice creams than your friend, like we used to do when we were small kids. This is what happening in our country now, everyone wants to pretend that their faith is much greater than others which has lead to all sorts of quackery and blind modifications of original teachings given in our sacred books. Again by good teachings I meant, the one’s which brings happiness in every living being and doesn’t hurt even a single person at the cost of one’s satisfaction.

One thing most misused after horns in India is religion! Different religions became a problem in India from the day we forgot about our roots. India has always been a diverse nation, and religion accounts for a big diversification. Now you see the problem is, we are not educated. We might be literate but still we are not educated. There’s a big difference between the two! Politicians have always taken advantage of this. And they would continue this until and unless the masses themselves realize the mistake. If we, as the public masses, don’t realize this then soon we’ll be heading towards an authoritarian government which will forcefully assimilates all of the subcultures within it’s polity and create a syncretic identity. Such an orthodoxy that some people dream of would also dissolve the constitution that has given crucial rights to many people. For example, the constitution bans untouchability, which no Dharmashastra did before. The constitution has also given several fundamental rights that the orthodox do not see applicable in their “dharmic” framework. Theocratic societies have several such drawbacks.

So it’s better to focus on more important aspects of life rather than talking about religion at all times. It’s time to let go and rise above the outdated and cruel exploits of our past that we inherited from our ancestors, and realize that our early misinterpretations of our world do not have to define the future of humanity. We have grown. We have reached a time in our history where the misunderstandings of the past must be reconciled and the truth about the origins of our early beliefs must be revealed. It’s time that our world’s religions face the tragic horrors of their past and make honest progression towards love and kindness for all of humanity. Our world, our peace and our growth all depend upon us and our ability to move forward in our understanding. It’s time to embrace our humanity and cultivate the harmonious future we all deserve.

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Is Religion The Problem?

6 Unique Indian Customs & Traditions

Indian culture and traditions are something that has now become renowned all across the planet. We all ask India and its culture as something very diverse and unique. But seldom can we provide a thought to why things are wiped out certain specific ways. Indian culture is filled with several unique customs and traditions, which outsiders might find intriguing. Most of those originate from the traditional Indian scriptures and texts, which have dictated the way of life in India for thousands of years.
Here are 6 fascinating cultures and traditions of India:

  1. Festivals & Religion- India also sees a large number of festivals, mainly because of the prevalence of diverse religions and groups. The Muslims celebrate Eid, the Christians have Christmas and Good Friday, the Sikhs have Baisakhi (harvesting of the crop), and therefore the birthdays of their Gurus and the Hindus have Diwali, Holi, Makar Sakranti, the Jains have Mahavir Jayanti, the Buddhists celebrate the Buddha’s birthday on Buddha Poornima, and quite honestly, the amount is endless. All of those translate to holidays in our book, of course.
  2. Architecture:The Science Behind Temples- Most temples are located along magnetic wave lines of the Earth, which help in maximizing the available positive energy. The copper plate (called Garbhagriha or Moolasthan) buried under the most idol absorbs and resonates this energy to its surroundings. Going to the temple often helps in having a positive mind and garnering positive energies, which successively causes healthier functioning.
  3. Traditions of Treating Guests- In India, the saying ‘Atithi Devo Bhavah’ is also integral. It means ‘the guest is equivalent to god’. It is a Sanskrit verse taken from the Hindu scriptures, which later became a neighborhood of the ‘Code of conduct for Hindu society since the guest has always been of supreme importance in the Culture of India.
  4. Indian Dances- India is a land of ‘unity in diversity’, and our dances are no different. Different sorts of dance(classified as folk or classical) find origin from different parts of the country, and that they are how of representation of the actual culture from which they originate. Eight classical dances, which are classified as Indian classical dances and find a mention within the Hindu Sanskrit text ‘Natyashashtra’, (a text of performing arts) are:
  • Bharatnatyam from Tamil Nadu
  • Kathakali from Kerela
  • Kathak from North, West and Central India
  • Mohiniyattam from Kerela
  • Kuchipudi from Andhra Pradesh
  • Oddisi from Odhisa
  • Manipuri from Manipur
  • Sattriya from Assam

All the dance mentioned above forms are an entire dance drama, wherein a dancer or performer narrates a whole story, almost entirely and exclusively through gestures. Such stories are mostly supported the vast Indian mythology. These performances are mostly based on stories that are orally passed on from one generation to the other. Folk dances mainly trace their importance to the rural areas, where performances depict the day to day life of rural inhabitants.

  1. Cuisine- Indian food and cuisine not only form an integral part of the culture of India but are also one of the critical factors of India’s popularity worldwide. The style of cooking varies from region to region, though unanimously, Indian food features a significant reputation for its extensive use of spices and herbs. Almost every region is understood for a signature dish or ingredient. The staple, however, throughout the state consists mostly of rice, wheat, and Bengal gram (Chana). While vegetarian food is an integral part of Gujrati South Indian and Rajasthani cuisines, non-vegetarian dishes form a central part of Mughlai, Bengali, North Indian and Punjabi cuisine. It is also interesting to note that specific cuisines like that of Kashmir have also been influenced by foreign cooking styles from Central Asia, Persia, and Afghanistan.
  2. Languages- India is socially, culturally, and linguistically very diverse. Hindi and English are widely spoken and recognized for official purposes. Other than than, there are 22 scheduled languages recognized by the constitution of India. However, more than 400 languages and dialects in India are still not known. Dialects change even with a few kilometres of travel in the state. Over the years, about 190 languages became endangered thanks to only a few surviving speakers.

There exist thousands of traditions and culture in India, and quite a few of them would leave outsiders rather curious. But the crux of Indian society and culture has always been to be mannered, polite, respect others, and progress together.

Hello, Hallyu!

It’s a wave that’s swept Indians off their feet, dictating everything from their choice of music and TV shows, right down to beauty and skincare… all of it made entirely in Korea.

Much of the world woke up to K-pop after Psy’s 2012 viral hit Gangnam Style, but the genre dates back to the 1990s, when ‘idol’ groups started making waves in the Korean music scene.

Most people trace the genesis of the ‘idol’ phenomenon to the 1992 debut of Seo Taiji and Boys, a trio that melded American pop, swingbeat and rap with Korean lyrics and musical tropes. Their immense – and unexpected – popularity encouraged Korean entertainment companies to jump on this new trend, and by the mid-90s the Korean music industry was dominated by boy bands such as H.O.T and SechsKies, who quickly built up large, passionate and competitive fandoms. These bands would lay down the template for generations of K-pop groups to follow – music that mixes elements of Korean pop culture with a wide cross-section of contemporary music genres from the West, a focus on over-the-top fashion, and a visual aesthetic that is fully committed to gleeful audiovisual excess. Around the same time, the South Korean Ministry of Culture started investing heavily in the country’s entertainment and pop culture industries in an attempt to stave off the impending influx of Japanese anime, manga and music, which had been banned in the country before 1998.

Recognising the potential of culture as soft power, the government also put into place policies to promote the production and export of Korean pop culture. This was the beginning of Hallyu – the Korean Wave – in which Korean films, TV dramas and K-pop gained rapid popularity across wide swathes of China, Japan and South-East Asia, before the internet allowed it to spread its reach across all the world. And since the late 2000s, K-Pop has been at its forefront.

So, what started the Hallyu Wave?

Winter Sonata, a KDrama, started the Hallyu Wave, in Asia. It was so popular in Japan that matchmakers started advertising that they could hook up Japanese women with Korean husbands.

KPop took a bit longer. BoA was the first Korean singer to make it big in Japan (2001), but she sang in Japanese and people didn’t necessarily know she was Korean. The first KPop group to hit Japan was TVXQ (all five of them) in 2006 – they became known as the Korean Beatles due to their immense fandom in Asia. SS501, Super Junior and SHINee also had great success in Japan, and the Hallyu Wave started lapping at the shores of Australia, New Zealand and California.

Groups started coming over to the US in the late 2000s, and after Gangnam Style went viral on the web, more came. Before BTS made it huge, several other groups had profitable tours, including Got7 and Big Bang (with the MADE Tour doing exceptionally well).

In 2012, KCon started in Los Angeles. This convention, with highlighted artist concerts each night, has grown exponentially since, with KCons in a variety of places around the world (Japan, Australia, Paris) and expanded to NYC as well as LA. 70,000 people attended KCon NY 2019, with the convention held at the Javits Center and the concerts at Madison Square Gardens. KCon LA had 94,000 fans in 2018 (figures aren’t out yet for 2019). Now of course BTS are the world’s biggest boy group, and have just finished a massive worldwide stadium tour that outgrossed most of the acts this year from ANY country.

But India’s first brush with Hallyu had more to do with local politics than it did with soft power diplomacy. In 2000 the Manipur Revolutionary People’s Front, an armed secessionist group, issued a notice banning Hindi films and TV shows – as well as the use of Hindi – in an effort to fight the ‘Indianisation’ of the north-eastern state of Manipur. As theatres and cable operators quickly acceded to the demand, people started looking further east for entertainment. Korean TV channels like Airarang TV and KBS World started being broadcast in Manipur and other north-eastern states, and soon the region was awash with cheap pirated Korean CDs.“The key factor that abets the popularity of Korean Wave is the cultural proximity of Korean and Manipuri societies,”

The fact that people from the region are rarely represented in Indian pop culture – and if they are, it’s usually as an offensive racial stereotype – also made the switch to Korean culture easier. When young people from the region travelled to cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore and Pune for college, they took their love for Korean TV and K-pop with them, seeding K-pop fandoms in their hostels. But it would take until after 2012 for these seeds to start bearing fruit.

The rise of YouTube and social media had already allowed K-pop to make inroads into the United States, Europe and India, but it was K-pop star Psy’s 2012 viral hit that really turned it into a global phenomenon. But why was BTS the band that finally broke through the culture barrier overseas to make significant waves in the US? The answer lies in a combination of factors, and most of them are about change: the changing nature of K-pop’s studio culture and the way “idols” are produced; changing depictions of masculinity in South Korea; changing ranges of acceptable expression in K-pop; and, above all, the approach BTS has taken to building its fan base and interacting with its fans.

It’s this high level of online engagement – as well as the lack of non-Bollywood boy bands or pop music in the country – that has helped K-pop acts build highly dedicated fandoms in India as well. Indian K-pop fans congregate on act-specific Facebook and Twitter pages, like Bangtan India (for BTS fans) and EXO-L India, as well as more general platforms like Destination K-pop India.

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The Korean Wave.

Sentimental Analysis

Sentiment analysis is the interpretation and classification of emotions within text data using text analysis techniques. It bifurcates the data into positive, negative and neutral. Sometimes, there are more emotions that also can be detected using sentimental analysis.
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This analysis tools allow businesses and other decision makers to identify customer  sentiment toward products, brands, campaigns or services in online feedback. It is highly used to check online users attitude using their tweet, texts, reviews and comments. According to Wikipedia, Sentiment analysis refers to the use of natural language processing, text analysis, computational linguistics, and bio-metrics to systematically identify, extract, quantify, and study effective states and subjective information. It is a Natural Language Processing and Information Extraction task that aims to obtain writer’s feelings expressed in positive or negative comments, questions and requests, by analyzing a large numbers of documents. 
Uses:
  • Finance field for stock trading companies as sentiment algorithms can detect particular companies who show a positive sentiment in news articles. This can mean a significant financial opportunity, as this may trigger people to buy more of the company’s stock. Having access to this type of data, may give traders the opportunity to make decisions before the market has time to react. (getthematic)
  • Social media posts to know how are customer reacting to a particular topic, concept, reviews and what are their sentiments for the same.
  • Increase customer retention.
  • New product perception.
  • Businesses gain valuable insights using sentimental analysis and can strategize their objectives according to the output of this technique.
  • Also provides company’s to gain competitive advantage.

Sentiment-Analysis

Approach:

  • Using NLP (Natural Language Processing) that allows computers to analyze and understand human language.
  • Using Machine learning concept that uses classifiers such as Naive Baiyes, SVM etc.

 

Working:

  • Collection/ Fetching of data: A large chunk of data is collected for further analysis.
  • Cleaning the data: Since the data collected is unstructured or semi-structured in nature, it has to be cleaned before going for analysis. It is done by removing stop-words, removing punctuation, whitespaces etc.
  • Data Analysis: The inbuilt algorithm process the data and perform sentence splitting.
  • Indexing: Algorithm tags sentences based on their polarity such as positive, negative or neutral.
  • Output: Finally, it provides an output that tells the actual results. It can be in the form of table, graphs, text, word-cloud or figures.

 

Limitations:

  • Latest emerging terms cannot be analysed properly.
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Placement

As we all know Placement is very important in a person’s life and especially for students. In a simple language, Placement refers to placing a right person to a job and especially right job. It is a process of assigning specific job and workplace to the selected candidate. It helps in fitting the right person at the right job or place. Placement is the assignment or re – assignment of an employee to new or different job. Generally, assignment or initial assignment is for new employees and promotion or transfer is for present employees. The placement of an employee is the stage where selection procedure ends. Placement also implies assigning a particular rank and responsibility to an employee according to the requirement of job and his qualifications. It is always said that a well placed employee is an asset for the organisation as the position in which he is placed is according to his qualifications, knowledge and skills and that’s why he can give his 100 percent in his work and thus, he is an asset to the organisation. If an employee is properly placed that is if placement of an employee is done in a right place then this will make the employee happy which will further reduce absenteeism and labour turnover. This will also helps in increasing the morale and efficiency of the employees and the employee will build a good relation with his colleagues and employer. Some signs which shows that an employee is properly placed are they will increase production, improved quality of product, punctuality and regularity in work and attendance. Placement is important for both the organisation as well as the employee. As a properly placed employee will help in achieving organisational goals as well as his personal goals too. It is important for the organisation as a company invests a lot of amount in hiring an employee and if, they place a wrong person this would be a loss for an organisation. Therefore, placement should be done after due consideration of the demands of the job. Placement is not an easy task but a complex one. As it is very difficult for a new employee to adjust in new environment, culture, company and work. So for this reason the employee is generally put on a probation period which ranges from 6 months to 1 year. At the end of the probation period if he shows good performance, he is selected as a regular employee of the organisation. Placement has many importance too and they are –

  • Keep Employees Satisfied – The most important purpose of placement is that the goals of the organisation should be achieved and this is possible only through satisfied employees. So, while assigning the job to new employees the requirement and needs of the organisation as well as employees should be taken into consideration.
  • Improves Efficiency – If an employee is placed in a right position according to his abilities and experience he would be able to show good results. This would further help in keeping his spirits high and will increase the efficiency of both employee and the organisation.
  • Good Relation – Placement also helps in improving the relation between employee and employer as they feel satisfied with there jobs and there will be no reason for disputes.
  • Increases Morale – Employee morale can be increased through proper placement. This can be understood by the behaviour of the employees. If a candidate is able to adjust himself to the job and the organisation and continues to perform excellently this shows that the employee is correctly placed.
  • Gives Motivation and Reduces Turnover – Proper placement keeps employee motivated as the job matches their skills and requirements and this motivation results in better performance. It also helps in reducing labour turnover and absenteeism. If a person don’t like the job he will start making excuses and will remain absent this shows that we have placed wrong employee at wrong place. So, effective placement helps in keeping the absenteeism low.

Last But Not the Least

Placement process is also very important as a well placed employee will be an asset to the organisation.

Street children in India

Intoduction

Firstly, the street life is that persons are directly depended on Street or vacant place for the livelihood. Street life is very challenging to the survival to children or even for youth,men,or any other living creatures. They live in cities but they are unable to take those advantage and comfort of urban lifestyle. According to WHO it defines the “street children “as boys and girls aged under 18 years old, for whom “The Street” including unoccupied places and wasteland has become home or their source of livelihood and are inadequately protected or supervised. It is also important to note that the term “Street Children’ also include individual girls and boys of all ages are found living and working in public places and are visible in the great majority of the world’s urban centers. A “Child of street” having no home but the streets. The family may have abandoned him or her or may have no family members alive. It is a common to find the street children at the Bus Stands, Railway Stations, and Traffic Signals etc. women carrying infants and begging. Nowadays, the under passages of the flyovers, metro corridors have become their dwelling places. Not any of the cities or metropolitan areas are exceptions to it. They found in every part of the world. Street children are among the most physically visible of all children, living and working on the roads and public squares of cities. The exact number street children is impossible to quantify, but it is likely to number in the tens of millions or higher, some estimates place in the figure as high as 100 millions. It is likely that the numbers are increasing as the global population grows and as urbanization continues at a pace. In practice, every city in the world has some street children including the biggest and the richest cities by 2015.
Most of the street children are not orphans. Many are still in contact with their families and work on the streets to augment the household income due to poverty. Many others have run away from their homes because of sexual or physical abuse, domestic violence, homelessness etc.The main reason behind this Are :-
1) Neglected children :- Sec.2 (2) of the Children Act 1960 of India defines a “neglected child” as a child who
(i) is found begging
(ii) or is found without having any home or settled place of abode or any ostensible means of subsistence or is found destitute, whether he is an orphan or not
(iii) or has a parent or guardian who is unfit to exercise or does not exercise proper care and control over the child
(iv) or lives in brothel or with a prostitute.
Thus the neglected children are the example of socio-legal issue, which need to be examined.

2) Unwanted children :- who are born outside the wedlock and who are the products of broken homes or relationship.
3) Poverty :- Poverty is also a main reason behind this. When they have not any fundamental object, so they lived as a street boys. According to a study shows that, for most of the children (83%) and their parents are on street due to poverty.


Constitutional provision for safeguard of street children :-
The street children, who form considerable proportion of the world population, are also human beings so need to be cared and protected by all means.
The Constitution of India guarantees several rights to all children. The Special and Guaranteed Articles are:
Article 21.A : The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six (6) to fourteen (14) years. Article 21 A has been inserted in the Constitution by the constitutes (86th Amendment / Act 2002 with effect from 01-04-2010. The Indian Parliament enacted the Rights of Children to free and Education Act 2009
Article 24 : No child below the age of 14 years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any hazardous employment.
Article 39(e) : The state shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing that the health and strength of workers, men and women and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength.
Article 39(f) : The state shall in, particular, direct its policy towards securing that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.
Article 45 : Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six (6) years. Article 45 was substituted by the Constitution (86th Amendment) Act 2002 with effect from 01-04-2010.
Article 51A (K): Fundamental Duties :- It shall be the duty of every citizen of India (k) “who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or as the case may be ward between the age of six (6) and fourteen (14) years”.
Article 51 A (K) was inserted by the Constitution (86th Amendment/ Act 2002 with effect from 01-04-2010.
Besides the above said articles, some of the Articles of the Constitution provide and guarantee the Rights of the children equally with the citizens of India just as any other adult male or female.

Suggestion to overcome this problem

Street children in India is a socio-legal issue which needs to be tackled carefully. When we met those children we must inform the police, local NGOs, children care homes etc. We must try to make their rights fulfilled. There are some suggestions to minimize this problem:-

  1. Monitoring, review and reform of policies, programs and laws to ensure protection of children’s interests and rights.
  2. Complete abolition of child labour with the aim of progressively eliminating all the forms of economic exploitation of children.
  3. Securing for children all legal and social protection from all kinds of abuse, exploitation and neglect.
  4. Childhood care development and quality education for all children.
  5. Separate vigilance Agency for look out children exploitation, begging, chid physical and sexual abuse etc. Conclusion

The children must be saved because children are most important asset of the country. So it is duty of citizens and society to protect them. Society should come forward against this social evil. We should must create awareness about it and help in ensuring basic rights. Nations should starting at the Mandal or Taluk level and awareness programmes need to be conducted giving , wide publicity holding public meetings, street level group discussion with village elders, conducting film shows, dramas, audio-visual programs etc; highlighting the importance, need to provide, care and protection of the street children. The government should also allocate proper fund for children development and for elementary education. There is need to be start new programmes, scheme and the amendment in law where it needed.