A Typing Mistake worth $18.5 million ?

We are all well known to the seven letter word ‘mistake’. All human beings commit mistakes quite naturally. But what if a single mistake costs 80 million dollars to a country?

History’s most expensive mistake

At Kennedy Space Center in America everyone was in a hurry-scurry because it was a special day. It was 27 August 1962 and NASA’s most ambitious interplanetary spacecraft Mariner-1 was all set for launch. Everything was double checked and at 1721 hours Mariner-1 was launched successfully.

But exactly after 3 minutes and 32 seconds of launch scientists at the space station got some crucial information. After almost 5 minutes Mariner-1 blasts off in air.

There was no issue either with the rocket or with calculations. The fault was a minute mistake in the code.

Whenever a spacecraft is launched into the outer space a code is used to preprogramme it with the path trajectory. Due to any unspecified reason, in the code of Mariner-1, a bar was missed that was needed to be put above R which is the radial velocity. When spacecrafts travel on their trajectory they keep moving and changing their trajectory due to various unavoidable reasons. Thus they are preprogrammed to ignore minute changes until and consider the mean trajectory. As the bar was missed in the code of Mariner-1, as soon as it was launched it started to overcorrect the minute changes in its trajectory which led it to spin randomly. Hence, Mariner-1 was destructed to prevent damage to inhabited areas on Earth.

Thus a single typing mistake was worth almost 18.5 million dollars, the cost of the spacecraft.

When good things happen, we boost our ego. “We did this, we did that.” When bad things happen, we lose heart. We lose patience with ourselves and we blame ourselves for everything.

That’s no way to live. up’s and down’s are a pattern of life and is a evidence of the fact that we are alive.

Find the stability in your life, discover it and hang on it. Hang on to the good in you.

Khushi Agarwal

Man is the only creature in the entire universe blessed with a body and a mind. It is this, which makes him the crown of creation. While a healthy body is necessary, but in absence of a healthy mind, he is no longer a human being, but is more akin to an animal. Thus in my opinion a healthy mind is more important than a healthy body.

While the body is subject to ageing, the mind is not. Thus a healthy person may with a passage of time, grow old with age. On the other hand, the mental faculty of a person not only increases with age, but he becomes more mature, wiser and experienced.

So, in my opinion, a healthy mind plays a very significant role in one’s life to conquer all the barriers and challenges.

Khushi Agarwal

“Easy Ways to Avoid an Argument”

Arguments never help people to solve a problem or reach a compromise. Arguments always implicate tension and reciprocal irritation, which aggravates misunderstanding between the parties and turn things into great problemsArguments can be like storms – enough bad ones over a long period of time and it can really start to weather away at things

The author in this essay gives three situations to avoid an argument. Once he went to an ice cream shop with his child and demanded for 3 liters of ice cream for which the girl in the shop said ‘Do you know how hard it is to scoop three liters?’ She wanted to question that girl but instead she understood the situation that it was too rush and she was the only girl to serve everybody. The girl felt comfort and relaxed by her words. So the author avoided the situation of an argument. The author gives three techniques in which we can avoid an argument and she calls them as ‘Tongue Fu’.

Handle hassles with humour:

The author once happens to see a tall young man walking in San Francisco Airport. People around him were laughing because his T-Shirt says ‘No I am not a Basket ball player’ and at the back it was ‘Are you a Jockey?’ The author chased him and asked for which the tall man said that he has a whole drawer full at home. The author was surprised to hear this. But the tall man said that one should not bother what others say about him and if he finds that they are making fun of him then to sometimes few catchy quotations or cartoons are put on to change the attitude of the people.

When people complain, don’t explain:

The author says there are situation where we come across complaints in that situation we should not start explaining otherwise it will lead to argument. Like when somebody is ringing to the office and complaining about the catalogue, instead of explaining about the delay its better say sorry and till them that you will get to them back soon. Another example is a man was waiting an appointment with the doctor at 3 o’clock. But when it was time he got angry and started shouting. But the receptionist replied him in a polite voice and convinced him.

Exit gracefully:

In a dinner table there was an argument about the highways. The father-in-law does not like and the son-in-law said it is good to have highways. The father-in-law does not like and he existed from the dinner table.

Another example, there was a talk going on between the author and his friends regarding the election and each one was favouring his own favourite party. When they asked the opinion of the author, the author didn’t say anything and came out of that place. Thus the author says one can avoid argument if he remembers these three steps in life because ‘A spoken word flies; you won’t catch it’. It is waste of time only. So we have to avoid fruitless arguments.

As a central concept in the present day international scenario, GLOBALIZATION is hard to define. Still, scholars have made attempts to provide a basic understanding of the concept. Globalization is a significant factor in competitive world that integrate and mobilize cultural values of people at the global level. In the age of rapid technical progression, many countries are unified and transformed due to the process of globalization. The concept has got inextricably linked with the process of transformation touching upon every aspect of SOCIAL, POLITICAL, and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT around the globe. It can be seen as a process by which the POPULATION of the world is increasingly bonded into a single society. GLOBALIZATION has a huge impact on cultural, social, monetary, political, economic, and communal life of countries. But, WHAT IS THIS GLOBALIZATION? HOW IT HAS IMPACTED RHE THE WORLD? HOW HAS IT IMPACTED US? THE PEOPLE IN THE SOCIETY?

Well, In Broader sense, the term “GLOBALIZATION” means combination of economies and societies through cross country flows of information, technology, ideas, goods, services, capital, finance, and people. In the SOCIAL front, globalization signifies closer interaction of people and homogenisation of culture and values and the world being transformed into a “GLOBAL VILLAGE”. POLITICALLY, it refers to the complex networks of global governance and shared Political values resulting in the development of a tendency towards homogenisation of global Political culture. ECONOMICALLY, it is manifested in the form of LIBERALISATION tendencies, privatisation, deregulation leading to a FREE MARKET REGIME.

The term GLOBALIZATION encompasses various aspects including expanded international trade, telecommunications, monetary co-ordination, multinational corporations, cultural exchanges of new types and scales, migration, and refugee flows, and relations between the world’s rich and poor countries. Globalization is marked by LIBERALISATION, PRIVATIZATION, FREE TRADE, DEREGULATION OF TARIFF BARRIERS, INTERNATIONALISATION OF NATIONAL ECONOMIES, GLOBAL MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL, INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY. Therefore, Globalization signifies: * Opening up of national economies to foreign capital, foreign direct investment and foreign technologies. * Efforts of integrating national economies with the global economy. * Free trade, meaning free flow of trade and removal of tariff and trade barriers, protective regimes including granting of Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status. * PRIVATIZATION is the key to LIBERALISATION which means less and less control of state over ownership of means of production and distribution. * Globalized social movements have resulted in global civic activism and range from movements for human rights, women’s issues, Greenpeace and other environmental movements to HIV/AIDS.

“GLOBALIZATION AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE”. The WESTPHALIAN MODEL OF STATE SYSTEM has come under the threats of Globalization. Though the states, still surviving, exercise their power and authority in certain respects, but the core of the WESTPHALIAN MODEL, that is, the CONCEPT OF SOVEREIGNTY, has deeply undermined in a fast globalizing world. The concept of sovereignty pertains to a specific reference, to a specific territory where governments exercise absolute authority. But the FORCES OF GLOBALIZATION have rendered the territorial limits useless. In other words, there has been a deterritorialization of the world. The state in a globalizing world has to work along with the forces which are not under its control even such as surveillance by global governance agencies, nationalism, global ecological problems, satellite communications, electronic money transfers, multinational companies, migration, information flows, technology transfers and most importantly, nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction. Scholars have pointed out that the concept of ABSOLUTE SOVEREIGNTY was developed under conditions of relatively low level of interdependence among the states. However, the complex level of interdependence with large flow of capital, labour, technology and information across borders has now emerged within the changing patterns of SOVEREIGNTY and its meaning and conditionally are continuously changing in a FAST GLOBALIZING WORLD.

The GLOBAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM has also limited the STATE SOVEREIGNTY. In several fields, Ranging from conflict management, to human rights and environmental movements more than the state it is now the agencies such as THE UNITED NATIONS, THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF), the WTO, the WORLD BANK, and various regional arrangements have significant roles to play.

Global Social Movements have also now come to undermine the SOVEREIGNTY OF STATES. These Social Movements to some extent succeed in bringing about changes in the policies of the states.

Hence, it might seem that under such circumstances, Globalization has really brought an end to state sovereignty. But, experiences show that STATES do continue to be the most powerful actors and, in times of turbulence, such as global economic crisis states have again reaffirmed their authority as ultimately it is the governments who are providing bailout packages for the financial institutions in their respective countries.

“In no way have STATES become less SIGNIFICANT”.

On 4th June 2021, the finance ministry of Russia has announced the removal of the ‘Dollar’ from the National Wealth Fund. National Wealth Fund is an accumulated fund of oil reserves of Russia. Currently, the dollar accounts for nearly 35% of this fund which is expected to be changed into currencies such as the euro, yuan etc. The total worth of the national wealth fund is $186 billion now will be changed into other currencies. Russia has taken these steps in response to the economic sanctions imposed by the USA in April alleging Russia’s role in the 2020 US elections. The US has also alleged Russia of being involved with large scale computer network hacking and other illegal activities. Due to the sanctions, the US banks and institutional investors cannot invest in the Russian government ruble-denominated bonds. The analysts believe the new set of sanctions may damage the Russian economy to a significant extent. But according to the ‘wall street journal’, the decision to convert dollar holdings into other currencies is Russia’s clear message to the US that it will not fear any of sanctions imposed by the US.

Sovereign wealth funds are state-owned investment funds that help governments in investment, the flow of wealth, crisis management etc. These funds are generally for investment in bonds, stocks, gold and real estate, etc. Almost every big economy maintains one or more national wealth fund. According to the world economic forum, by January 2021, the Norwegian government pension fund is the world’s richest sovereign wealth fund worth $1.1  trillion. China investment cooperation fund is the second richest in the world with a valuation of around $1 trillion.

The emergence of the dollar as a global currency for trade

From 1870 to the first world war, the pound sterling was used extensively across the globe. This period was dominated by the economies of the UK and the US. But between WWI and WWII gold standard collapsed and the importance of the pound sterling also declined. The economic turbulence during the interwar period had made world leaders worried about the future of the global economic system. After the end of the second world war, 700/representatives from 44 countries met in a high-level conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in the united states. The objective of this conference was to create a new global agreeable financial system. The Bretton woods conference established two important financial institutions- the world bank and IMF. This conference also declared the US dollar as an international reserve currency. The reason behind the US dollar being declared as an international reserve currency was its exceptional control over the global gold reserve.

Russia has intensified ‘de-dollarisation’ in the post-2014 period when its relations with the west is continuously deteriorating. With continuous deteriorating US-Russia relations, Russia’s relations with China is substantially improving. Since 2014, Russia is also working on an international monetary transfer system like china. Slowly Russia is decreasing its trade-in dollar and increasing the use of the euro and yuan. Both Russia and China have declared to take joint initiatives to end western dominance on the international payment system and the dependence on the US dollar. On 26th April 2011, Bloomberg reported that the line in global exports, the share of US currency has dropped by as much as 50%.

Livelihood of human being has been mostly affected during the times of Pandemic. The natural reason for the negative impact is due to lockdown and safety measures taken by the government to keep health of every human being safe and secure. During this time, Students have suffered a lot in terms of getting the proper education . Parents have become a slave of school, they have to pay the hefty amount of fees to school. They don’t have an option to do anything against the school and education system. Online classes is the only way to continue our education in the lockdown. Many problems have a single solution i.e., new ways to continuously learn and grow without wasting any single year.

Online classes do have multiple benefits as it is the only choice left for us. Schools and colleges were shut due to the fear of spreading virus rapidly. Despite of several advantage, It has made our education system more lazy towards fulfilling their duties and responsibilities. Even students have lost their interest due to virtual classes which give us performing multiple task simultaneously. Being at home, It is nearly impossible for everyone to follow the time table set by schools and colleges sincerely. Both Teachers and students have faced many challenges as some doesn’t had proper system for taking online classes like Laptop, Internet, Tripod, etc.

Quality of education has decreased due to the pandemic. Many students are not able to focus and learn virtually. Even the online exams conducted by schools and universities have given students several chances of not studying properly. There are so many ways to cheat in the online exams. In the upcoming future, Our Education system needs to think more ways to provide the best education to the students. The government needs to take more strict actions in implementing the education compulsory and easily available for all. Due to pandemic, Our lives have taken a u-turn which is not leading us to our brighter future. It will take a lot of time for us to overcome the negative impacts it is leaving .

Education sector needs more attention and strictness. In order to keep the students think new and creative ideas, We should encourage them in pursuing what them dream to do in the right direction.

Air is important for living things .Breathing is a part of a process called respiration .During respiration ,a living thing takes in oxygen from tge air and gives out carbon dioxide .the process gives animals and plants the energy to eat ,grow and live life.

importance uses of air

• Sustain life and growth
• combustion
• maintain temperature
• supplier of energy
• photosynthesis

while the ocean contain most of the plants water water also exist as ice and water vapour .Air is important because it helps water move between their states in a process scientist call the water cycle .Heated by the sun surface water vapours into the air and becomes water vapour .

All living things need air .Animals and plants would die withou

   The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is wreaking havoc in India, devastating especially on the not so affluent sections of our society. The intermittent lockdowns and the resultant economic fallouts have left the poor to fend for themselves. With the enormity of numbers that we are witnessing in the second wave, even the capacity to afford private healthcare is becoming increasingly immaterial. The entire system is getting crushed under the rapidly rising toll of the pandemic. Swift and widespread vaccination of almost the entire adult population could thwart this catastrophic wave of sickness and death. Though the Union government has allowed vaccinations of everyone above the age of 18 from May 1, there still linger some genuine concerns.

Allowing everyone above the age of 18 to get vaccinated and making the vaccines available on such a large scale is not the same thing. Furthermore, affordability is one of the major concerns. A survey conducted by Gaon Connection, a rural media platform, found that the paramount concern for a large section of the population in rural India was the issue of affordability, with about 36% of the respondents of the survey expressing their unwillingness to pay for the vaccine. Since the question of affordability is one of the primary reasons for vaccine hesitancy, it needs to be addressed with urgency.

Many states have announced that vaccinations will be provided for free through state funded hospitals and health centers. Whether they’ll be able to keep their word depends on whether they can procure sufficient doses. As for private hospitals, the Union government has taken a free-market approach, by allowing them to procure vaccinations directly from the manufacturers.

A single dose of vaccine could be free, or could cost anywhere between Rs 700 and Rs 1,500 depending on where you get your vaccination and which vaccine you choose. The lack of a holistic approach and a uniform strategy in terms of vaccination has resulted in chaos, and the system is breaking down under the stress of policy incertitude. There is no clarity on how the manufacturers will handle the supply chain distribution between the state governments and private hospitals. Most state-owned hospitals, where the vaccines can be administered free of cost, are facing a dire shortage of vaccines. This has put the poorer sections of our society at a distinct disadvantage in our fight against the pandemic. Apropos of this, there is an increasing debate on whether the right to such lifesaving vaccinations should be part of basic human rights.

If we look at the issue from a political perspective, it is evident that a modern day Welfare State should ensure the protection of basic human rights. It should provide social services to its citizens, including in the matter of public health. All citizens, irrespective of their financial status, must be beneficiaries of these services. Consequently, the political actions of the government should among other things, be aimed at facilitating social policies for disease prevention and cure.

In India, the right to health is not explicitly referred to under the Constitution as a fundamental right, but the apex court of the nation has many a time emphasised the importance of this right. Through its landmark judgments in cases like Bandhua Mukti Morcha v Union of India & Ors, Consumer Education and Research Centre v. Union of India, and Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity & Ors. v. State of West Bengal, the Supreme Court had interpreted the provision of Article 21 of the Constitution as including a right to health. Even from the economy’s point of view, there is a case to be made for providing free vaccinations. A healthy population is fundamental to a healthy economy. Perhaps this is the reason why even nations favouring free market capitalism like Switzerland are providing free COVID-19 vaccines for their residents.

The counterargument oftentimes is that India does not have the financial or economic means to execute such a large scale welfare program. This argument lacks substance, considering we as a nation have time and again in the recent past splurged sizable resources on several vanity projects. India’s poor track record of healthcare spending is well documented. It is estimated that the public spending of our country in the health sector has remained stagnant at just above 1% of the GDP for the past decade, which is one of the lowest in the world. The National Health Policy of 2015 estimates that more than 63 million people are faced with poverty every year due to healthcare costs. Surely, free vaccinations for all the citizens would be a bare minimum that is expected of the government to make amends to these derelictions.

In addition to the sickness many have contracted, the repercussions of the economic slowdown due to the pandemic in India have left scores of people without a means of livelihood. If the government aims to rehabilitate the general population and help them get back on their feet, the first step would be to ensure free vaccination for all its citizens.

Lokpal, yes it’s the same forgotten institution that led to fall of the UPA In 2014. The word which let one of the biggest movements of India and leaders like Anna Hazare, Kejriwal, the present Chief Minister of Delhi amongst many others shone bright. Due to popular support it was finally passed in 2013. The Lokpal and Lokayuktas act, 2013 was the beacon of hope against corruption. After a long wait of many years, several debates and failed bills, the moment of victory of justice was here.

Though the act was passed, it remained on paper for the about five months. The argument for the dawdle was given as delay in appointments of chairperson and members of Lokpal. Since no one could be recognised as leader of opposition after 2014 general election, the committee responsible for selecting members of Lokpal could not be formed. However in March 2019 chairman of the commission was appointed by the president on recommendation of a four member selection committee the devoid of leader of the opposition. Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose became the first chairman of the ombudsman. Further, the centre refused to disclose the deliberations of selection committees meetings. Central information Commission has taking account of the fact and this investigating the matter upon appeal by Ms. Bharadwaj who filed an RTI request. The information Commission gave its decision after two years. department of personnel and training stated that the minutes of the selection committee was confidential and henceforth was exempted under Section 8 of the RTI act. Ms. Bharadwaj Countered the argument sing that the larger public has a right to know about the basis on which their Lokpal or Lokayukta was selected. Finally in February, 2021 the final verdict was in favour of the centre. The verdict was substantiated by citing Supreme Court decision on local search committee and committees for selecting information commissioners.

The latest update about Lokpal has raised many ears. After 2 long years, anti-corruption ombudsman submitted its first annual report to the President. As per the report, Lokpal received 110 corruption complaints. Among them 4 were against remember yourself parliament in the year 2020 -21. 1,427 complaints were reported in 2019-20.

Back to basics: overview of Lokpal

• First recommended by administrative reforms commission of India (1966-1970) inspired by Scandinavian countries and New Zealand. It is notable that the commission kept judiciary outside the view of Lokpal and Lokayukta
• More than 10 official attempts were made before the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act was passed in 2013
• Few States had established Lokayukta even before the act was passed like Odisha, Maharashtra, Rajasthan etc.
  composition -Chairperson and 8 members in which 4 should be Judicial members (50% members from SCs, STs, OBCs, minorities and women)
  Appointed by President on recommendation of a selection committee
• Members of selection committee for selection of Chairperson-

1. Prime Minister
2. Speaker of Lok Sabha
3. Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha
4. Chief Justice of India
5. Eminent jurist nominated by President of India on the basis of recommendation of first four members of the selection committee

• Search committee to help selection committee – 50% members from SCs, STs, OBCs, minorities and women
• Jurisdiction extends to group A, group B, group c and group D officers and employees of government, institutions fund partially or fully by government (excluding government aided agencies), entities receiving donations from foreign source in the context of the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) in excess of Rs. 10 Lakhs per year . Prime Minister is also under its purview.
• Power of superintendence and direction over investigation agencies (like Central Bureau of Investigation)
• Well defined time periods for preliminary enquiry (3 months extendable by 3 months), investigation (6 months extendable by 6 months) and trial (1 month extendable by 1 year)
• Lokayukta should be set up by state governments within a year from the date of commencement of the act.
  

The watchdog agency is an important organ for a corruption free democracy. There are a few drawbacks regarding the transparency of procedure while dealing with cases related to Prime Minister. In addition, anonymous complaints are not allowed. This threatens the privacy of whistleblowers who file complaints against powerful people. Also there is a heavy penalty for false complaints which can deter people. There are some flaws which should be repaired.
The transparency in selection of Chairman of Lokpal is being questioned. The Lokpal movement might be getting a new lease of life after it faded away in 2014. The organisation was made for the people of India and hence it belongs to the people. Every fact related to it should be put to display for public. This will be the mantra of creating a strong and trustworthy Lokpal.

Role of private hospital of vaccination

The Supreme Court was worried about the role of private hospitals in COVID-19 vaccination, saying whether they would prefer profit over public health. The court’s anxiety is real and present as Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s speech on Monday revealed that private hospitals would retain their capacity to buy 25% of vaccine stock from the manufacturers.The court had advised the government to maintain a strict vigil over private hospitals in a May 31 order. It had raised an apprehension that private hospitals would sell the vaccines they procure at higher prices unless they were “regulated stringently”. It had reminded the government that private hospitals, though they provide public health service, have profit at the  core of their existence.

A Bench of Justices D.Y. Chandrachud, L. Nageswara Rao and S. Ravindra Bhat said, “Further consequences of vaccination by private hospitals under the liberalised vaccination policy relate to a simple issue at the core of their existence: that while they provide a public health service, they still remain private, for profit entities. Consequently, they may sell the vaccine doses procured at a higher price, unless regulated stringently.The court was also worried about transparency. “Private hospitals also may not sell all their vaccine doses publicly through appointments on CoWIN, but rather sell them for lucrative deals directly to private corporations who wish to vaccinate their employees it said.Access to private hospital to those who live in small cities and villages, have limited access to private hospitals. “Private hospitals are not equally spread out across and are often limited to bigger cities with large populations. As such, a larger quantity will be available in such cities, as opposed to the rural areas it However, the court clarified that it was not against private hospitals playing a role in the vaccination drive. It accepted the Centre’s point that they would reduce the burden on government facilities.The Centre was providing private hospitals with vaccines in the inoculation of those above 45 years of age. These hospitals were in turn allowed to charge patients a nominal fee .The Prime Minister said private hospitals could only charge up to ₹150 as service charge over the cost of the vaccine.In its May 31 order, the court wanted the Union to detail the “manner in which Central Government will monitor the disbursal of vaccines to private hospitals, specifically those who have hospital chains pan India”.

By : G Gnana Priya dharshini

Listening is a Soft Skill that allows people to understand what others are conveying. However, listening skills is the toughest job, but it has the highest priority beyond other skills. Hearing is a physical process, but listening is both physical and psychological. There are several purposes for listening. If you are a good listener, it will be greatly helpful for your bright future. Another best benefit of being a good listener is expressing your information and communicating with others.

How to improve you listening skills ?

It is very important to evaluate your current listening skills, and you have to select areas that you can improve. Here are some suggestions that may help you to improve your listening skills:

> Pay attention and make eye contact with the speaker.
> Respond appropriately.
> Providing feedback.
> Discussing questions in class.
> Ask open-ended questions.
> Request clarification.
> Don’t interrupt.
> Summarize the Data.
> Pay attention to nonverbal cues.
> Practice listening

Maroju Sanjana

Have you ever sat on the window sill or looked out of your balcony, with a cup of steaming hot tea while there are light showers in the city? The feeling is unbeatable especially with the earthy smell because of the rain. A minute of silence to those who haven’t experienced the feeling. The feeling of ecstasy goes over the roof if we have our favorite song playing in the background.

We always have that one song which, no matter where we hear it, takes us back to the specific memory associated with that song. Music has always played that role in our lives, to heal us, to soothe us, and to make us stand back up when we are down. It doesn’t matter which kind of music you listen, no matter who judge you for it, the feeling you get when you are immersing yourself in the out-of-world is what we need, especially when life doesn’t treat you right, or the world is in shambles, like right now.

It doesn’t matter if you like hardcore rock music, or just a simple violin or piano piece or a favorite song from a movie, it always has the potential to put you in a good mood. Many of might realize, the language doesn’t matter, it is the feeling that does.

There are people in the world who cannot sleep or cannot function without listening to music. Some might say it is just a sound, but for those who cherish it, that exact sound might be life-saving. It has been scientifically proven that the fetus in the womb responds to soothing music and it has been recommended to pregnant women to listen to relaxing music for healthy growth of the baby.

When we talk about music, there is a pretty common misconception that most of it is just played through guitar, piano, violin. There isn’t enough awareness about most of the bizarre instruments from different parts of the world. There are more than thousands of music instruments in the world, but what we are aware of is just a handful of it.

Music has been an integral part of human civilization since times unknown. When we think of tribal music, we think of a huge bonfire, people dancing around it and singing merrily. That is the beginning of the evolution of music.

For those beginners around there, there are many genres of music. For example, Classical, which is predominant in India as Carnatic music, Pop, Rock Music, Country music etc. The beautiful thing about music is that, there has been so much inspiration from part of world to another that the evolution has always been a good thing.

Seriously, there is no such thing as bad music if it is experienced by the correct person. The type of music you hate might be so dear to someone else. So, if you don’t like a particular genre of music, don’t listen to and don’t judge the person who listens to them. We all need to respect each other’s tastes and like music always does, heal everyone whenever you can.

Air is important for living things .Breathing is part of a process called respiration .,a living things take in oxygen from the air and gives out carbon dioxide .The process gives animals and plants the energy to eat,grow ,and live life

importance uses of air
* sustain life and growth
*combustion
*Maintain temperature
*supplier of emergy
*Photosynthesis

while the ocean contain most of the plantes water .water also exists as ice and water vapour .Air is important because it helps water move between these states in a proceess scoentisr call the water cycle .Heated by the sun surface water vapour into the air and becomes water vapour
All living things need air.Animals and plants would die without it .Air also holdsairplanes and kites above the ground ,and it is used to inflate tires and ballons air surrounds earth.

Air is pulled into the body by lungs and used to fill tiny air sacs that allow blood cells to pick up oxygen ,which is then distrubuted across the body cells .

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam(About this sound listen); 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India’s civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India’s Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.A. P. J. Abdul KalamA. P. J. Abdul Kalam.jpgOfficial portrait, 200211th President of India In office 25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded byK. R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Born Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam 15 October 1931Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India(present-day Tamil Nadu, India)Died 27 July 2015 (aged 83)Shillong, Meghalaya, India Resting place Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Desiya Ninai vagam, Pei Karumbu, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli (BEng)Madras Institute of Technology (MEng) Profession Aerospace Scientist Author Awards Full list Notable work(s)Wings of Fire, India 2020, Ignited Minds, Indomitable Spirit, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji Signature Website Official Website Scientific career Fields Aerospace Engineering Institutions Defence Research and Development Organisation Indian Space Research Organisation Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the “People’s President”,he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour.While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.

The Indian Premier League, also known as IPL was started in the date 9th April 2021. At the same time the corona virus also took the strength back slowly. The Indian Premier League Governing Council (IPL GC) and Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) had an emergency meeting has unanimously decided to postpone IPL 2021 season, with immediate effect. The corona virus is spreading all over the world but in India it is high so they took this decision. It was spreading in India in a heavy speed within that IPL has finished 29 matches. There were many effects in this corona virus because many are affected and died in this time they are keeping some things raised, and also many players also affected by virus. Then this corona virus took speed before this IPL match they also kept election for 5 states. They must not keep election during this pandemic that to this virus will spread in air knowing all the election was held. There were no rules followed said by Government no one cared about it so the level has risen. The people are affected so much and some have died there is no place to bury. To sought out this problem they declared lockdown because of this many daily wage people and smallest working to all the working men and women are affected. To help the people who are working for less wages and those who don’t have food government is giving rupees 2000 to support the family. The people survive with this amount as per the full lockdown death rate and affected people rate is low but necessary things rate is high. Every people cannot buy all things needed to recover from this state it at least takes few months because all should earn. This IPL match give all people a relaxation because all are disturbed in each and every all need is relaxation. All people in India will watch this game interestingly as a family. In a stadium with people it is the wish of all of the people. It will be a great stress buster and all people can enjoy this match. All people after their terrible trouble of life now the virus speed is slow but the researchers found that there is another type of virus which speed is heavier than this beta and delta. Eventhough no one is caring about the virus all are thinking it will come to them because they are stronger. We cannot judge anything we may think we are stronger and we have immunity an all because some people are having immunity but are affected. In India they have stopped playing cricket matches because some players are affected by corona virus. So the council, sponers etc had a meeting. In that meeting they discussed where and when the rest of the matches should be held. As per the decision the rest of the matches are going to happen from September month all people are so excited. All are excitingly waiting when will the match will took place within that time this corona pandemic situation also will reduce.

The Indian Premier League, also known as IPL was started in the date 9th April 2021. At the same time the corona virus also took the strength back slowly. The Indian Premier League Governing Council (IPL GC) and Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) had an emergency meeting has unanimously decided to postpone IPL 2021 season, with immediate effect. The corona virus is spreading all over the world but in India it is high so they took this decision. It was spreading in India in a heavy speed within that IPL has finished 29 matches. There were many effects in this corona virus because many are affected and died in this time they are keeping some things raised, and also many players also affected by virus. Then this corona virus took speed before this IPL match they also kept election for 5 states. They must not keep election during this pandemic that to this virus will spread in air knowing all the election was held. There were no rules followed said by Government no one cared about it so the level has risen. The people are affected so much and some have died there is no place to bury. To sought out this problem they declared lockdown because of this many daily wage people and smallest working to all the working men and women are affected. To help the people who are working for less wages and those who don’t have food government is giving rupees 2000 to support the family. The people survive with this amount as per the full lockdown death rate and affected people rate is low but necessary things rate is high. Every people cannot buy all things needed to recover from this state it at least takes few months because all should earn. This IPL match give all people a relaxation because all are disturbed in each and every all need is relaxation. All people in India will watch this game interestingly as a family. In a stadium with people it is the wish of all of the people. It will be a great stress buster and all people can enjoy this match. All people after their terrible trouble of life now the virus speed is slow but the researchers found that there is another type of virus which speed is heavier than this beta and delta. Eventhough no one is caring about the virus all are thinking it will come to them because they are stronger. We cannot judge anything we may think we are stronger and we have immunity an all because some people are having immunity but are affected. In India they have stopped playing cricket matches because some players are affected by corona virus. So the council, sponers etc had a meeting. In that meeting they discussed where and when the rest of the matches should be held. As per the decision the rest of the matches are going to happen from September month all people are so excited. All are excitingly waiting when will the match will took place within that time this corona pandemic situation also will reduce.

The silent killer that takes lives without warning, punishment, or any sympathy; depression is truly one of the most prominent mental illnesses in the world. Depression is defined as a mental illness inducing a severe and staunch feeling of sadness. The term depressed is coined in English as a temporary sadness that everyone experiences in their life. Despite that depression is more active in women, it is still one of the most common mental illnesses in the world. It affects anybody, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic standing. Regardless of all these facts, surprisingly little is known about depression, however, scientists have been able to hypothesize major causes, effects, and treatments for the disability.

The things that help the most are the things that are the most difficult to do. There is a big difference, however, between something that’s difficult and something that’s impossible. While recovering from depression isn’t quick or easy, you do have more control than you realize—even if your depression is severe and stubbornly persistent. The key is to start small and build from there. You may not have much energy, but by drawing on all your reserves, you should have enough to take a walk around the block or pick up the phone to call a loved one, for example.

Taking the first step is always the hardest. But going for a walk or getting up and dancing to your favorite music, for example, is something you can do right now. And it can substantially boost your mood and energy for several hours—long enough to put a second recovery step into action, such as preparing a mood-boosting meal or arranging to meet an old friend. By taking the following small but positive steps day by day, you’ll soon lift the heavy fog of depression and find yourself feeling happier, healthier, and more hopeful again.

While artists work from real to the abstract, architects must work from the abstract to the real. Architecture, beneath all its limitations of engineering, safety, function, climate and economy, arouse us with designs in space and light achieved in the abstract.
Architecture is a passion, a vocation, a calling — as well as a science and a business. It has been described as a social art and also an artful science. Architecture must be of the highest quality of design. Architecture provides, in the words of Marcus Vitruvius, the great Roman architect and historian, “firmness, commodity and delight.
Architecture has the ability to materially affect outcomes: it can affect the way we relate to each other, increase business productivity, support communities and neighbourhoods, improve health, and even decrease crime.
Architecture is everywhere. Each and every building: home, school, office, hospital and supermarket were designed for their particular purpose. It is of vital importance that these buildings, and in turn the environments they form and the neighbourhoods and cities they are a part of, are designed to be the best possible buildings for their specific context, use and the people who use them.
Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and other physical structures. A wider definition often includes the design of the total built environment from the macro level of town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the micro level of construction details and, sometimes, furniture. The term “Architecture” is also used for the profession of providing architectural services.

BUILDING VS BUYING A HOUSE – WHICH ONE IS A BETTER OPTION?

Everybody wishes for a private place where they can loosen up and enjoy a happy life. One of the most contentious issues in the real estate market is whether to build our own home or buy one that is already built.

Each alternative has its own collection of benefits and drawbacks. We’ll go through all of these advantages and disadvantages in this article so you can make an educated decision about your home.

BUILDING A HOUSE
Building a home necessitates beginning from the ground up. You just have a small plot of land to work with. Starting the foundation of your home can be a thrilling experience, particularly for those who have always desired their own dream home.

It’s also a great choice for those with a vivid imagination who want to create something themselves.

However, there are some advantages and disadvantages to building a home.

ADVANTAGES OF BUILDING A HOUSE
There are many benefits to constructing a home. Among the benefits are the following:

The demand for readymade homes is extremely high, especially for high-ranking properties. On the other hand, when you build your home, the rivalry steadily diminishes.

Customization is one of the most appealing aspects of home construction. You can customize the design of the house to your taste and preference, unlike ready-made houses. You can easily customize the architecture, interior, paints, fixtures, and the house’s theme, as well as the lights and the garden.

For example, since many ready-made houses do not come with a basement, building your own house gives you the freedom to build one.

The most recent building standards are used in new homes. When people build their own homes, they strive to make them as modern and functional as possible. As a result, it’s fair to assume that newer homes are more energy efficient and secure. People are now installing the most up-to-date smart devices in order to make their homes more secure and effective. These features are not present in older homes.

You won’t have to worry about repair and maintenance costs for a few years after you build a house. A leaking roof, a faulty heating system, or a clogged drainage system aren’t causes for concern. There are a plethora of construction companies that provide high-quality construction services at a fair price.

DISADVANTAGES OF BUILDING A HOUSE
Aside from the numerous advantages, building a home is a very complicated operation. In short, there are disadvantages to building a home as well.

A house takes between seven to eight months to build minimum. As a result, if you need a place to live right away, building a house might not be an option.

According to statistics, building a home is more expensive than purchasing one. When building a home, it’s easy to overspend on items you don’t need. For example, costly tiles or a filthy kitchen. All of these factors add up to make building more costly. To summaries, constructing a home is a difficult activity.

When buying a home, there’s a good chance you’ll have to negotiate the price. This is not the case when constructing a home. Since there is no third party involved, you are unable to compromise and reduce the total cost of the land.

BUYING AN EXISTING HOUSE
Is it really money well spent of your hard-earned cash to buy a home?

ADVANTAGES OF BUYING A HOUSE
Buying a house has a number of advantages, the most prominent of which is that it is much cheaper than constructing it from the ground up. When building a house, you must first purchase land and then choose a home design, among other things. You’ll have to think about every last detail of the building. When you buy a home, however, all of these things have already been taken care of for you.

Consider purchasing a house if you don’t want to spend countless hours worrying about its design. It takes less time and is less exhausting. You can choose an already built house if you are a busy person who does not have time to supervise the building.

When purchasing a home, you have a good chance of negotiating a lower price. If you aren’t a natural negotiator, hire a professional real estate agent to assist you in getting the best deal possible.

If you need a place to live right away, purchasing a house is a viable choice. People typically move into their new home within a month of purchasing it.

Buying a house is more cost-effective and budget-friendly, according to statistics. When you buy a home, you save a lot of money because you don’t have to pay for items like raw materials, an architect’s fee, and so on. You can also easily upgrade your home based on your budget and preferences.

DISADVANTAGES OF BUILDING A HOUSE
Building a house is simple and stress-free, but it does have some disadvantages, such as the possibility of having to deal with maintenance problems, as old houses are prone to leaks and other problems. However, you should always seek the advice of a licensed home inspector when it comes to maintaining your home. They will find the problems and save you a lot of money.

Yes, you can improve the building, but you won’t be able to dramatically alter it. As a result, your renovation choices are limited.

The house does not have the most up-to-date features and technology, such as security systems and energy-saving systems, to help you save money on your utility bills.

So, these are some of the most important considerations to make when constructing or purchasing a home. In the end, the decision is purely based on your personal preferences and financial situation.

– JERISHA. S

“5 DAILY EXERCISES TO STAY FIT FOR LIFE”

To maintain a healthy lifestyle, everyone must do some daily exercises. A daily habit of exercising strengthens the muscles of the body and enables the human body to perform the daily tasks effectively. Daily small physical activities normalize the heart rate and boost the metabolism rate in the body which is compulsory for the maintenance of health. Moreover, the habit of exercise in daily routine ensures the smooth flow of the blood in the whole body, helps in digestion and lubricates the joints. Therefore, fitness and well-being are dependent on daily physical activities. Some of the important daily exercises are highlighted here.

WALK-OUT PUSH-UP

This exercise accelerates the heart rate by the integration of multiple planes of movement. To perform this exercise, one has to stand straight, stretch the hands straight in the air and start bending slowly. Keep bending the body until the hands touch the floor. Afterward, one has to move his body in a forward position until the body gets parallel to the floor. It will be the right position to start the pushups. Do a set of pushups and start again. It is a healthy, easy and effective exercise because it stretches the body and strengthens the back and vertebrae.

LUNGES

Improvement in functional movement is essential to perform daily routine tasks. Lunges exercise is effective for functional movement. It improves the strength of the legs and glutes. One can perform this exercise by standing with feet spaced shoulder-width apart. Plus, arms should be in the down position. Now, the right leg has to move forward with the bend of the right knee. At last, push up off the right foot and return to start position. Now repeat the same with the left leg.

PUSHUPS

Pushups are among the top daily exercises because they are very important for people who want to lose bodyweight and strengthen the core of the body. It incorporates effective bodyweight movements because all muscles of the body are involved in performing this exercise. First of all, the plank position is required to perform this exercise. Now, one has to bend the elbows on the floor and have to lower the body down to the floor. Repeat the up and down movement of the body.

JUMPING JACKS

Jumping Jacks is important for the maintenance of cardiovascular health. This exercise activates the muscles of the body. It is the perfect warm-up exercise. In performing this exercise, one has to stand in a straight position by joining the feet together. Now start jumping by spreading the arms and legs at the same time. Open the legs and bring the arm to the head with each jump.

BALANCING TABLE POSE

Balancing Table Pose is a yoga pose that is very effective for the human body. This exercise is beneficial for the spine. It also helps an individual in improving his memory and enables them to perform assigned tasks with full concentration. To do it, one has to balance his body in table pose to perform this yoga. At each movement, one has to take a breath and raise the left leg parallel to the floor while raising the right arm in a parallel position to the floor. Again, take a breath with lowering the arm and leg.

” BE STRONG”

– MEREZJA F

What does it take to unleash your creative potential?

As I mentioned in my article on threshold theory being in the top 1 percent of intelligence has no correlation with being fantastically creative. Instead, you simply have to be smart (not a genius) and then work hard, practice deliberately.

As long as you meet a threshold of intelligence, then brilliant creative work is well within your reach. In the words of researchers from a 2013 study, “we obtained evidence that once the intelligence threshold is met, personality factors become more predictive for creativity.”

Creative thinking requires our brains to make connections between seemingly unrelated ideas. Is this a skill that we are born with or one that we develop through practice? Let’s look at the research to uncover an answer.

In the 1960s, a creative performance researcher named George Land conducted a study of 1,600 five-year-olds and 98 percent of the children scored in the “highly creative” range. Dr. Land re-tested each subject during five year increments. When the same children were 10-years-old, only 30 percent scored in the highly creative range. This number dropped to 12 percent by age 15 and just 2 percent by age 25. As the children grew into adults they effectively had the creativity trained out of them. In the words of Dr. Land, “non-creative behavior is learned.”

Similar trends have been discovered by other researchers. For example, one study of 272,599 students found that although IQ scores have risen since 1990, creative thinking scores have decreased.

This is not to say that creativity is 100 percent learned. Genetics do play a role. According to psychology professor Barbara Kerr, “approximately 22 percent of the variance [in creativity] is due to the influence of genes.” This discovery was made by studying the differences in creative thinking between sets of twins.

All of this to say, claiming that “I’m just not the creative type” is a pretty weak excuse for avoiding creative thinking. Certainly, some people are primed to be more creative than others. However, nearly every person is born with some level of creative skill and the majority of our creative thinking abilities are trainable.

Now that we know creativity is a skill that can be improved, let’s talk about why—and how—practice and learning impacts your creative output.

Saying no is sometimes seen as a luxury that only those in power can afford. And it is true: turning down opportunities is easier when you can fall back on the safety net provided by power, money, and authority. But it is also true that saying no is not merely a privilege reserved for the successful among us. It is also a strategy that can help you become successful.

Saying no is an important skill to develop at any stage of your career because it retains the most important asset in life: your time. As the investor Pedro Sorrentino put it, “If you don’t guard your time, people will steal it from you.”

You need to say no to whatever isn’t leading you toward your goals. You need to say no to distractions. As one reader told me, “If you broaden the definition as to how you apply no, it actually is the only productivity hack (as you ultimately say no to any distraction in order to be productive).”

Nobody embodied this idea better than Steve Jobs, who said, “People think focus means saying yes to the thing you’ve got to focus on. But that’s not what it means at all. It means saying no to the hundred other good ideas that there are. You have to pick carefully.”

There is an important balance to strike here. Saying no doesn’t mean you’ll never do anything interesting or innovative or spontaneous. It just means that you say yes in a focused way. Once you have knocked out the distractions, it can make sense to say yes to any opportunity that could potentially move you in the right direction. You may have to try many things to discover what works and what you enjoy. This period of exploration can be particularly important at the beginning of a project, job, or career.

We do not know the exact source of the current outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but we know that it originally came from an animal, likely a bat. But exactly we don’t know where it came from there are many sources researchers told that it came from animals. Researchers have confirmed that if we know that we are affected by corona virus we should not be closely attached to animals. As we all know it spreads through air we should be very careful because if we are affected by this virus our family members will be also affected. In India few days before only the corona virus speed is low before an all it was in a high many people were affected some died. It was a pain for all people in India to hear the news that there is no bed, no oxygen facility, no doctors, no medicine it was a horrible experience. Still some people hesitate to wear a mask some people are thinking that we can save this money for some use. But some people who are manufacturing and selling the required items for the people are raising the value of the product, all the people in the world are suffering all need some time to recover from this pandemic situation in this time raising the value of the product all are suffering. Some people don’t have money are food because they are daily wage people if there is no work no food. In each person life there are problems but now all people have one problem it is this corona virus. We all want this corona virus to go away because it is spoiling our day to day activities we cannot do anything as per our wish. If we are not following the rules which government told us till that this situation will not change, it will reduce and rise again and again we cannot control it because in India we are facing second wave of corona virus it is called as delta. Another wave it is heavier than this second wave the researchers have found this in India. So this pandemic situation is getting heavier not lower because it started spreading over animals one tiger had died. All are taking steps to control this situation. We are people so we will hear the rules of the government but it is not possible in animals it need some time to train. Now it is spread in animals those who are in zoo if it passes to the roadside dogs, cats etc then it will be in big danger. This corona virus came because of bat a research is telling if it was really a true message then it worst thing that happened in this world not even before. It is bird and animals how to control them all there is no money no medicine no oxygen itself how we are going to save the life of the animals and birds.

“So let us try to be safe if only we are safe we can save others to”

PLASTIC is the great invention by Leo Baekeland in 1905, Which was the first synthetic compound mass-produced at that time. This was then later adopted as the universal alternative to the wood as well as the other natural compounds as it was easy to produce it in large quantities, in a short duration of time.

In the early 1950s, adoption of plastic was in high demand and a total of 6.3 billion tons of plastic was produced since then, from which 9% was recycled, 12% was burned and the remaining was left to decompose by throwing some into oceans, some in landfills, some on land, like this, it is increasing day by day from that year.

Till now we have produced the amount of plastic that weighs around half of the earth’s weight. Due to this the pollution rate has increased in a significant manner by which the marine life has affected a huge amount. Many fishes and other aquatic life have got extinct and it is continued till now.

World Without Plastic would be much different to as it is today, In which the people would use organic instead of synthetic. which will be a boon for marine life and other living beings. The nylon, polyester, may not be existed and there would be a limited variety of clothes be excited due to which there would be many fever fashion item be ever made.

The digital revolution which we are in today would not be in existence, due to which we may be still be living in the early 1800s where there is no plastic in which we can print the PCB’s of the computers, no TV’s, no Phones, Music Systems, and many other things would not be there.

There would not be preserved food as plastic has good qualities to preserve any item for long time, then we could relay on local venders to supply fresh food to all the people, because of this we may have a problem that not every fruit or vegetable could be eaten at any time, and then we could eat these fruits and vegetables seasonally.

So, these are my thoughts on this topic, what do you think what could happen more ?. Please comment.

📌Listening always requires active and silent participation to create mutual interaction and understanding amongst people.

⏺️QUALITIES OF POOR LISTENER
1)We should surely talk to ourselves and it makes us feel more confident. But there are situations where talking to ourselves jist doesn’t fit at that particular point of time
2)Disagreeing with speaker without listening the speaker effectively is a sign of poor listener.
3)While having interaction , if you keep your mind preoccupied with thoughts of past or future , it is also a sign of poor listener.
4)When you judge the listener at the first sight , your mind hormones give a negative deviation and you always judge a listener.
5)bad listener will often avoid eye contact while listening to the speaker.

⏺️QUALITIES OF EFFECTIVE SPEAKER
1)Do not be judgemental, close minded and disrespectful to the speaker
2)avoid being aggressive in the conversation.
3)Paraphrasing
4)make eye-contact and by asking doubts in a conversation
5)Providing feedback

On average Software Engineers work 40+hours per week. If people work for a start-up company, the company will require them to work more to meet the deadlines. Lazy start-ups will require you to work at least 40+hours but the work will drain your energy and it will remain like you are working forever. If people work for more than 50 hours their brain will get tired and their thinking capacity will become less. 

Some people say that software engineers work for 60 to 80 hours but that’s not true. All you need is the skills to do the work. If you enough capacity and the idea then you can finish the work within the stipulated amount of time. Most companies will give you a deadline to finish the work. It’s up to you to decide how many hours you needed to complete that piece of work. 

Nature of the place

It all depends on the kind of environment you work in. It includes government organizations, industries, small start-ups. If you are a young human being and have lots of time in your hands you may work for extra hours and can surprise your boss with your work. If you have a family to take care of you might stick to fixed timelines. Sometimes it all depends on an individual’s capacity.

Some people may work for more hours but the results won’t be much good. On the other hand, people with fewer skills and the ability to complete the tasks, and have the capacity to manage their work and personal life used to work only for a smaller number of hours. But they yield a great amount of profit for their company. Most people have this assumption that those who work for longer hours have the highest salary and those who work for fewer hours have the lowest salary. But that is not true. In the end, the amount of work you finished and the guidelines you met are the important aspects. 

Multinational Companies

Most software engineers work for Multinational companies. Comparing to software engineers in India and other countries, people who work in India used to work like bulls. But, in the other countries, they will strictly spend their weekends for themselves. They will work for the whole week right from Monday to Friday and will spend their weekends without any hurdles or calls. In India we work without considering the days, people been work on their weekends to meet their deadlines. 

Disadvantages of working in a Startup

Software engineers who work for startups always have some fear in their minds. Because if the company faces some loss, they will immediately terminate employees from their companies without giving any prior notice. They could’ve worked for incessant hours but their hard work could’ve dropped by some other people. They will operate with fewer employees and they were expected to work for incessant hours fearing their job might go at stake. We could’ve heard this kind of news many times in our life. 

Levels Of Work

Mostly software developers do coding kind of jobs. There are three levels entry-level, medium-level, higher level. Entry-level coders work very hard as they are new to this field and are expected to meet strict deadlines. So, they work for many hours without caring about their health. Freshers are expected to work for more hours than Medium-level and higher-level coders as they are experienced and have some position in their company. Even if they quit their job and try to join some other company their years of experience will help them. 

According to the recent Stackoverflow survey, 75% of Software Engineers work for 45+hours a week. This is the harsh reality of Software Engineers. This is because some companies could’ve got some new projects and they will expect their employees to work for more hours to meet the deadlines and the complete the project successfully. 

Advantages of working in a government organization

There are some advantages if you work for a government organization. They will provide the correct timings and will tell you the number of hours you have to work in a week. It will help you in certain ways. You can manage your lifestyle, family life, and your mental health.

It is not true that software engineers do 9-5 jobs. Some people love to code in their leisure time, during the night, or whenever their mind is free. They are just going to finish the deadline. Working can be done at any time. Some developed companies even provide work-from-home jobs. This will give the right atmosphere for them as they are at their comfort place. There is no need to travel and their work hours will become less. If they are expected to complete the project within a week. And if they are given the privilege of work from home. They can easily complete it in fewer hours. 

Data provided by Engineering Company

Company culture

Sometimes, it depends on the company they work with. Companies like TCS, Bosch will provide you the correct time amount you are needed to work with. But with some companies like Infosys, Cisco you won’t find the right amount of time. They will ask you to work till midnight also. But if working till midnight provides you a good salary then it’s worth it. 

On the other hand, if you are good at what you are doing, then the less amount of time itself will do good. 

Monthly work hours

The official working hours provided by most of the companies are 220 hours per month that is 45 hours per week. If you work as a team your working hours might change. In the best-case scenarios, you might have to work fewer hours or in the worst-case scenarios, you are expected to work for more hours. It all depends on the place you work. 

“The September 11, 2001 attacks on the twin towers of the WORLD TRADE CENTER, NEW YORK, the symbol of prowess and of prestige of the most powerful state in the world, came as a rude shock not only to the AMERICANS but also to the people in other parts of the world”. The attacks signalled to the fact that states are no longer impermeable and even a SUPERPOWER like the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA can easily become a victim of attacks launched, not by states, but by invisible actors, the most dangerous being the forces of TERRORISM, which are at work globally.

Since, the 9/11 attacks in 2001, TERRORISM has been a key concern worldwide, with the United States leading a WAR ON TERROR, and with continued attacks around the world by religious extremists. But, the question is WHAT IS THIS TERRORISM? ARE THE TERRORISTS SIMPLY FANATICS TO BE DEFEATED? CAN WE PREVENT THIS TERRORISM?

Well, A common definition of TERRORISM is the systematic use or threatened use of VIOLENCE to intimidate a POPULATIONor GOVERNMENT, for RELIGIOUS, POLITICAL, and IDEOLOGICAL GOALS. TERRORISM is a method which an organized group or party sought to achieve its avowed aims chiefly through the systematic use of VIOLENCE. The central point is that TERRORISM is an act which uses VIOLENCE to achieve its ends and is characterized by certain forms of actions such as ASSASSINATIONS, BOMBINGS, TAKING PEOPLE AS HOSTAGES, and HIJACKING OF PLANES.

The word “TERRORISM” was first coined in the1790s to refer to the terror used during the FRENCH REVOLUTION by the revolutionaries against their opponents. The JACOBIN party of MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE carried out a REIGN OF TERROR involving MASS EXECUTIONS by the guillotine. Although, TERRORISM in this USAGE implied an act of violence by a state against its domestic enemies, since the 20th CENTURY the term has been applied most frequently to violence aimed, either, directly or indirectly, at Governments in an attempt to influence POLICIES or TOPPLE an existing regimes. Most of the countries in the world like AFGHANISTAN, PAKISTAN, INDIA, UNITED STATES, UNITED KINGDOM, BRAZIL, CANADA, EGYPT, FRANCE, GERMANY, INDONESIA, and others suffer from terrorist onslaughts. There are or were many Terrorist organisations like, THE PROVISIONAL IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY(IRA) of IRELAND, the RED BRIGADES OF ITALY, THE JAPANESE RED ARMY OF JAPAN, and other ARAB TERRORIST GROUPS such as BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANISATION OF PALESTINE, etc. which are disrupting peace and security of the world. But the new epicenter of terror since 9/11 tragedy is the AL-QAIDA and the names associated with it.

Many Terrorist attacks have happened in INDIA. Like, the PULWAMA ATTACK, 2019 one of the deadliest terror attacks on our brave SECURITY FORCES, in PULWAMA, JAMMU AND KASHMIR, shocked the Nation. In the attack, almost 40 CRPF personnel were killed. URI attack on September 18, 2016, was the worst attack on our Army where we lost some of our 17 JAWANS, ATTACKS being done by the PAKISTAN based Militant group. The 26/11 Mumbai attacks in 2008 is also one of the most horrific attacks in the country’s History. Like this, Several attacks have destroyed PEACE and SECURITY of our country.

But, there have also been some relaxations lately in the country, since THE MODI GOVERNMENT’S DECISION to revoke the autonomous status of JAMMU AND KASHMIR in 2019. It has improved the region’s SECURITY situation. According to the last report of the INDIAN MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS, there was a significant improvement in the security situation in the country due to containment of SEPARATIST AND COMMUNIST TERRORIST ORGANISATIONS. Hence, Of all regions in INDIA, TERRORISM- induced violence and deaths are primarily seen in JAMMU AND KASHMIR.

Since, it is HAS BECOME A GLOBAL PROBLEM, IT REQUIRES GLOBAL INITIATIVES!

when a person love something and decided to be with it and take utmost care but in return if it turns out to be then most disloyal one as now a days which lead to affecting a person’s phycological and mental imbalance so the rate of sadism in his body system increases from 8% to 12% that leads to massive destruction and it makes him/her to stoop low they wont in mental conscious and do things carelessly which has an adverse effect so help people who are in need accept the care and respect a person give and return the same to him/her .Never be cause of destructing someone’s health or phycological barres.