10 Books One Must Read At Least Once in their Life

Reading is a great way to keep your mind active. It gives you thousands of reasons to sit back and think about numerous things. It also helps you escape reality and travel to a different world.
 

Reading fills you with little pieces of knowledge that stay with you for a long time. You never know when something might come handy. You come across new words and they start slipping in your vocabulary. It makes you well-articulated and well-spoken. You read something and it gets stored in your brain. Thus it also helps to improve your memory.

There are countless benefits of reading and there are thousands of books to read. But some books are “evergreen”. They are written by some of the greatest literary minds of all times and are known as “classics”. You can pick them any day and they give you the same fresh feeling as it gave you the first time.

A list of 10 books that you must read at least once in a lifetime:

  1. To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee:

This book was published in 1960 and appears in almost all the lists of the best books. It explores human behaviour and the collective conscience of the Deep South in the early 20th century. It also revolves around the themes of prejudice, hatred, hypocrisy, love and innocence. And is delicately woven with humour. Anyone who has read it counts it as one of their favourites. 

  1. Harry Potter Series, by J.K. Rowling:

Those who have read the Harry Potter books or have even watched the movie are still waiting for their Hogwarts letter, including me. J.K. Rowling takes you on an amazing journey filled with magic and mystery. She introduces you to the world you will never want to leave. You grow up with Harry in this 7 books series.

  1. The Lord of the Rings, by J.R.R. Tolkein:

Another series that takes you into the world of hobbits, dragons, monsters and gods. This book allows you to escape from reality and go on unimaginable adventures. The book revolves around the themes of fantasy, evil and innocence. This series comprises three books in total. 

  1. Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen:

Jane Austen is said to be one of the most famous writers in English Literature and Pride and Prejudice is one of her best works. It is a story of the courtship of two opposite characters in a world where manners and courtesy are of utmost importance. The book leaves you with the message that “love knows no barriers and finds its way”.

  1. The Diary of a Young Girl, by Anne Frank:

Almost everyone is aware of the story of Anne Frank during the German Holocaust. The Diary of a Young Girl is a raw account of her life as she hides from the Nazis. She teaches the readers a valuable lesson that we should keep believing that people are good at heart and situations to change. She wishes to change her life too. The book is spin-chilling and tear-jerking as it reveals how the Jews suffered at the hands of the Nazis.

  1. The Book Thief, by Markus Zusak:

The book is set in Germany during 1939 when the Nazis were ruling Germany and the Jews were being brutally killed. It revolves around a girl named Liesel and how she rescues books from the wrath of Nazi rule. The story also features an unusual friendship that is formed in the most unusual situation. Like The Diary of a Young Girl, this book also gives you a view of the cruel Nazi rule.

  1. The Hobbit, by J.R.R. Tolkien:

Another fantasy fiction by J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit was originally written as a short storybook for children. Later it was made into a long series of movies. It features the story of Bilbo Baggins and his journey to the Middle East to challenge a dragon. The book gives a strong message of bravery and takes you into a fantasy world just like the Lord of the Rings.

  1. Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott:

The story of four sisters, set in 19th century New England. Each sister has their own significant personality trait. The book gives you an account of their struggles and their flaws and how they turn into strong young women. The book is a pure joy to read.

  1. Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte:

Jane Eyre is the first prose fiction to focus on its protagonist’s moral and spiritual development. Jane Eyre is one of the strongest fictional heroines of all time. It is a story of a girl who fights social criticism in a society with a strong sense of Christian morality at its core. It depicts a strong, unbroken woman despite her troubled childhood. 

  1. The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini:

The story revolves around Amir and his journey to find his one true friend. He has to abandon him due to ethic and religious differences that existed in Kabul, Afghanistan. It also highlights the theme of guilt and redemption. It is a story of true friendship and atonement. The book has been awarded as the New York bestseller for two times in a row. 

These were some of the books which one should definitely read once in their life. These books never lose their essence and will surely blow your mind with their brilliant storylines.

Happy Reading!

Desalination : Maharashtra new mantra to solve water scarcity.

Desalination is seen as one possible answer to the problem of water scarcity. Recently, Maharashtra government has announced setting up of desalination plant in Mumbai, becoming fourth state to do. So, what is desalination process and what is its feasibility ?

What are desalination plant ?

A desalination plant convert salt water generally seawater into drinking water. The most common  used technology used for the process is reverse osmosis where an external pressure is applied to push solvents from an area of high-solute concentration to an area of low-solute concentration through a membrane. The microscopic pores in the membranes allow water molecules through but leave salt and most other impurities behind, releasing clean water from the other side. These plants are mostly set up in areas that have access to sea water.

How widely is this technology used in India?

Desalination has largely been limited to affluent countries in the Middle East and has recently started making inroads in parts of the United States and Australia. In India, Tamil Nadu has been the pioneer in using this technology, setting up two desalination plants near Chennai in 2010 and then 2013. The two plants supply 100 million liters a day (MLD) each to Chennai. Two more plants are expected to be set up in Chennai. The other states that have proposed these plants are Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh

What is the need to set up a desalination plant in Mumbai?

According to the BMC’s projection, the population of Mumbai is anticipated to touch 1.72 crore by 2041. In 2007, a state government-appointed high-level committee had suggested setting up desalination plants in Mumbai, however, over the years the authorities have avoided building the project claiming that the cost is enormous. However, with the city’s water problems on the rise owing to burgeoning population, Maharashtra Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray Monday has given the BMC the go ahead for project. It will take about two and a half to three years to complete.

Is it ecologically safe?

The high cost of setting up and running a desalination plant is one reason why the Maharashtra government has over the last decade been hesitant in building such a plant. Desalination is an expensive way of generating drinking water as it requires a high amount of energy. The other problem is the disposal of the byproduct highly concentrated brine ( very high concentration of salt water) of the desalination process. While in most places brine is pumped back into the sea, there have been rising complaints that it ends up severely damaging the local ecology around the plant

Earth’s atmosphere is full of microbes. Could they help us find life on other worlds?

If you’re feeling lonely, take solace in remembering that there are countless tiny living things floating tens of thousands of feet above your head.

And as scientists have come to learn more and more about this high-flying life and how it interacts with Earth’s surface, they are beginning to question just how implausible it is to wonder whether similar life could theoretically hide out in the clouds of Venus or still more exotic worlds.

“We humans really are bottom-dwellers underneath an ocean of atmosphere above our head, and we really don’t know where Earth’s biosphere boundary stops at extreme altitudes,” David Smith, who studies life in the atmosphere at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California, said at a roundtable event held on Dec. 14 at the annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union, held virtually this month. “It seems just about anywhere we sample with NASA aircraft and balloons, we find signatures of microbial life.”

So far, life in Earth’s atmosphere seems to be strictly microbial and a temporary affair, intimately connected to life on Earth’s surface rather than an independent ecosystem. Tiny, hardy organisms are swept up from the thin transition where Earth’s atmosphere meets the planet and carried into the lower layers of the atmosphere on an epic detour.

“Based on what we know, the things are just moving through the atmosphere,” Kevin Dillon, a Ph.D. candidate in microbiology at Rutgers University, said during the panel. “Microbes travel and use the atmosphere almost like a highway, and specifically can hitch a ride in clouds.”

Microbes end up in two layers of the atmosphere. In the lower troposphere, microbes mostly have to contend with the risk of drying out, Diana Gentry, a research scientist at Ames, said during the panel. Hence the appeal of clouds.

“If you are picked up and suspended in the atmosphere, you’re in danger of losing all of your water pretty quickly,” Gentry said. “So clouds in the lower level are great — they’re like these mobile water hotspots that can help keep you wet as you’re picked up and transported around.” In the troposphere, some microbes may survive pretty normally, even.

Life in solar system

Of course, for as many uncertainties as there are when it comes to life in Earth’s atmosphere, they only multiply in atmospheres beyond Earth’s.

One key constraint is that while we know full well Earth’s surface is a paradise from which microbes can take their grand adventure, other planetary surfaces in the solar system are either certainly or likely more hostile to life as we know it, although they may well have been plenty habitable in the distant past. The appeal of someplace like Venus, for example, as a destination in the search for life is in its atmosphere, where some scientists have argued that liquid droplets about 30 to 37 miles (48 to 60 kilometers) up could act as a haven in the acidic, hot environment for which Venus is famous.

And beyond

Just as Earth serves as a template for considering other solar system worlds, our neighborhood offers archetypes to consider for worlds beyond our star — with another step down in how much we know about them, of course. Where Earth is our daily backdrop and the planets are destinations for sophisticated spacecraft, exoplanets are mostly blemishes silhouetted against their stars in astronomical observations.

And it turns out, spotting atmospheric life is tricky, even here on Earth. “Every time we fly through clouds and make cloud water collections, we have this really strong signal of Earth life. And yet, we can’t measure it remotely,” Smith said. “We know life is in those clouds, but we don’t have any instruments that are sensitive enough to detect that without actually collecting the cloud water.”

Kisan Kalyan Mission- to double the income of the farmers

     Uttar Pradesh government is going to launch a special program called  ‘Kisan Kalyan Mission’ to double the profits of the farmers on January 6, 2021. The program will cover all the assembly constituencies of the state. Farmers will be given benefits under the various schemes of the agriculture department during these events. Under the Kisan Kalyan mission, many departments of state government like agriculture marketing Mandi Parishad, Horticulture, animal husbandry, fisheries, sugarcane food and supply, and Panchayati Raj will work together and various programs will be organized across the state.

What happens under the Kisan Kalyan Mission:

  • Under this mission, various programs will be organized, Exhibition of Agriculture and the associate sectors will be organized which will be including the products of livelihood missions and MSME sector units.
  • Under the program, farmer meetings will be organized in which scientists, progressive farmers, and the workers associated with the Agriculture Department will be explaining scientific farming. They will also be providing information about the schemes of the government.
  • During the events organized under the program, farmers will also be benefitted from various schemes of the agriculture department.

The UP government under the program is also likely to felicitate 100 ‘progressive farmers’ in each district of the state. According to the Chief Secretary of the state, 100 progressive farmers in each district will be chosen as role models and will be congratulated. The government will also prepare their databases.

The farmer will also be coached in terms of the latest farming guidelines. It will help the farmers in getting benefit from the various schemes of the center such as PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, Kisan Credit Cards, and PM Fasal Bima Yojana.

MUSIC

ABOUT MUSIC :

Music is vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. It is a form of art. Music is a part of all of our lives, from when we’re growing up to when we’re old. Music is the sound that is pleasing to the human ear. Music is loved by most of the people. Music also makes us excited. Music is a thing that we all enjoy in the course of our lives. Music makes us joy and listening to a favorite song may help to uplift your mood. Music has the ability to convey all sorts of emotions to people. Music can match and manipulate our moods and emotions. Music is not only created by humans but also from the nature such as birds chirping, the whistle in the wind, the sound of rain, etc…. Music can be performed with a wide variety of vocal techniques and instruments. There are different elements of music such as structure, form, articulation, expression, dynamics, color or timber, voice allocation, style, texture, harmony, melody, rhythm, tempo, pulse, or beat and pitch. A person who sings a song is known as a singer. Anyone who composes conducts, or performs music may be referred to as a musician. The other words for the musician are composer, performer, soloist, symphonist, virtuoso, player, entertainer, etc…. There are different kinds of instruments such as percussion, string, brass, woodwind, and piano/keyboard.

TYPES OF MUSIC GENRES:

There are different types of music genres there. Some of them are,

  • POP MUSIC
  • ROCK
  • HIP HOP MUSIC
  • CLASSIC MUSIC
  • FOLK MUSIC
  • BLUES
  • RHYTHM AND BLUES
  • PUNK ROCK
  • COUNTRY MUSIC
  • INDIE ROCK

IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC:

Music has the great qualities of healing a person emotionally and mentally. Music is one of the most calming and soothing things. Music can also make a person calm and relaxed. It has the power to cure diseases such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, etc. Music can also make excitement. There is one language that we all can understand is the language of music. Music is also an important part of our life because it is a way of expressing our feelings as well as emotions. Music may also reduce stress, depression, etc….Music may also help us to enhance the ability to do a work. Music also entertains us. Music improves our minds. Music is also helps us to develop the memorizing capability.

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT MUSIC:

  • The Japanese word ‘Karaoke’ comes from a phrase meaning ‘Empty Orchestra’
  • Music is one of the few activities in our life that utilizes the entire brain
  • The world’s longest concert by multiple artists took place from March 17 to April 5, 2017
  • Listening to music while working out measurably improves the physical performance
  • When you listen to music, your body releases dopamine, the same hormone released in the brain when you do exciting or pleasurable activities.
  • The most expensive instrument is a Stradivarius violin called Lady Blunt, which was made in 1741 and sold in 2011 for $15.9 million

How did the Students Learn in Ancient India?

The pupils in ancient India were also taught by teachers, but quite differently. This ancient indian education system is very impressive and we should learn about it.

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Majorly there were two education systems in ancient India – Vedic and Buddhist. The Vedic system revolved around the Vedas, Vedangas and Upanishads and they were taught in sanskrit, while the Buddhist system preached the thoughts of the major Buddhist schools and they were taught in Pali. 

Education in ancient India was very different from the rest of the world back then. A child would leave his home to get an education, a child had to leave home and live with a teacher in a gurukul for the entire duration of his studies. No fee was charged for education; in fact, the teacher took care of everything, including food, clothing and housing. According to this system,  even if a child was interested in acquiring philosophical knowledge, he would still have to do some manual work every day along with debates and discussions.

Education for women was quite important in ancient India. Women were trained in housekeeping, as well as in dancing and music. Girls also had to conduct the Upanayana ceremony. Vedas and Vedangas were taught to women, too, but were limited to religious songs and poems necessary for rituals. Some notable Vedic and Upanishad women scholars were Apala, Lopamudra, Gargi and Maitreyi.

The teacher used to ask some students to sit in groups and then they would recite the Vedas  for hours. Same verses were also taught in different tones so that it would be easier for the students to learn it. Teachers or gurus also taught separately based on the ability and the capability of the student. 

According to ancient education, there were 3 processes of learning – Sravana (listening to the truths that the guru speaks), Manana (Interpreting the meaning of the words spoken by the guru in your own words so that you can remember it for a long time.) and Nididhyasana (The complete comprehension of the truth so that he may live to it and not just remember it as a theory) To them knowledge was the realization of truth and this truth must be passed on to the next generations.

There were very popular educational institutions in India during the ancient times as well. Four of these institutions were quite prominent and known for different specializations. The University of Nalanda was famous for its Catholic and cosmopolitan character and its department of logic. It was located in the east of India. Takshashila University, in an area what is now modern-day Pakistan, was well-known across the world for its medical school and was the chief learning center in 6th century BC. Vallabhi was a very well known university in west India. It was also a famous study center that had specialized in subjects like law, medicine and economics, and had students attending from all parts of the country. Vikramshila was yet another esteemed institution, best known for Tantric Buddhism.

The ancient Indian system of education focused on the training of the mind and process of thinking. But the British rule erased this system and erected an education system that had written examinations and had scheduled classes. India has now introduced a new education policy for the betterment of students.

ISRO is working on environment-friendly fuels for its rockets

Besides greenhouse gas pollution, kerosene-fueled rockets transport large amounts of black carbon, also known as soot, into the upper layers of the atmosphere. There, it remains for a long time, creating an umbrella that may add to global warming. Besides greenhouse gas pollution, kerosene-fueled rockets transport large amounts of black carbon, also known as soot, into the upper layers of the atmosphere. There, it remains for a long time, creating an umbrella that may add to global warming. Ross estimates that rocket launches around the world inject 10 gigagrams, or 11,000 tons, of soot and alumina particles into the atmosphere each year.

     Rockets emit a variety of substances depending on their propellant. Some, like liquid hydrogen and oxygen (H2/O2) are very clean, emitting mainly water (H2O) and some nitric oxide (NO), which is produced by the heat of combustion. Others, like aluminum/ammonium perchlorate (or “Solid Rocket Motors”, SRMs) release hydrochloric acid (HCl) and alumina (Al2O3) particles. Rockets that use hydrazine (N2H4) and nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) (sometimes called “hypergolic”, because these chemicals spontaneously ignite on contact) produce large quantities of nitrogen oxides, which can further react with water vapor and sulfate in the atmosphere to form small particles containing nitric acid. Kerosene rockets (essentially “aircraft fuel”) produce CO2 and black carbon (“soot”), which are climate-active gases (meaning that they absorb infrared or visible light, heating the surrounding air).

There is a new type of propellant called “hybrid” that is being used by some private companies. Hybrids are a mixture of a liquid oxidizer, nitrous oxide (N2O), and solid synthetic rubber (butadiene) that, when burned in the oxygen-poor environment of the upper atmosphere produce CO2 and large amounts of soot and probably large amounts of nitric oxides (although there are no measurements in these plumes to verify the presence of NOx).

     The Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, K. Shivan has informed that the Indian space rockets are ready to go green as the space agency has been working to replace its existing hazardous fuels for its satellites and rockets.

     ISRO Chief also informed that the space agency has been looking at green propulsion through hydrogen peroxide in its rocket propulsion through hydrogen peroxide in its rocket that will take Indians into space under its ambitious ‘Gaganyan’ mission. He further added that since humans will be inside the rocket, there should only be non-hazardous fuel to power the human space mission’s rocket.

     The space agency has also been looking at the rocket engines that are powered by hydrogen peroxide as a bi-propellant or as a mono-propellant along with ethanol. It has also been developing another green fuel- LOX/Methane-where liquid oxygen will work as oxidizer and methane as fuel.

     This propellent also has advantages in terms of storability, specific impulse, cost, and low toxicity. As per the ISRO Chief, the space agency has also been looking to replace its existing liquid engine fuels with environment-friendly fuel-powered ones. ISROSENE has been developed by the space agency which is a rocket-grade version of Kerosene. It will be an alternative to the conventional hydrazine rocket fuel.

     While talking about powering the satellites, ISRO Chief informed that the space agency has been working towards lightweight electrical propulsion in place of the chemical fuel.

     Currently, ISRO can put into orbit communication satellites that weigh up to four tonnes with its rockets. Satellites over four tonnes are being orbited using Ariane rocket of Arianespace, a European Space Agency.

Mala’s new achievement: MALALA YOUSAFZAI SCHOLARSHIP ACT FOR PAKISTAN

Malala Yousafzai is a living example of bravery and resilience. The 23-year-old is well known around the world for her work as an activist to empower women. She has not only worked for the women of Pakistan but everywhere around the world. She is a female educationist and is the youngest Nobel Peace Prize, winner. 

Being the daughter of an educationalist activist, Mala was always inspired by her father’s work. In 2009, she wrote her first blog about her life during Pakistani Taliban occupation in Swat for BBC Urdu. She gained fame through interviews in print and television and was nominated for the International Children’s Peace Prize at the age of 11-12 years. 

Malala was shot in the head by an assassin in the year 2009. She was immediately taken to the Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology in a critical condition. After the incident, Malala received an international outpour of support. The act was ordered by the Pakistani Taliban and they openly threatened her with a second attempt at her assassination. After this incident, the Pakistani Taliban was internationally denounced by governments, human rights organisations and feminist groups. 

After recovering, she became a prominent activist for the right to education. She founded the Malala Fund in 2012 and co-authored I AM MALALA with Shiza Shahid. It became an international bestseller. At the age of 17, she became the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate.
Ever since then, she has continuously worked for the right to education for girls.

Adding to her latest achievements, the US Congress passed the Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act on January 1, 2021. With the passing of this act, the number of scholarships available to Pakistani women will expand. It will enable them to receive higher education under merit and needs-based programs. 

The bill has been passed by the US  Senate and will now head to the White House for the US President, Donald Trump’s sign to turn into a law. The bill requires the US Agency for International Development to award at least 50% of scholarships a Pakistan based higher education scholarship program to Pakistani women, between 2020-2022. A range of academic disciplines and the current eligibility criteria have to be taken into consideration. 

Since 2010, the USAID has awarded more than 6000 scholarships to young women to receive higher education in Pakistan. The bill further expands this program. 

A petition was signed by more than 1,000,000 people calling on the government to enrol every boy and girl in primary education. The petition was under the name “United Nations Special Envoy for Global Education”.

She was featured as one of the most influential people globally for three years, 2013, 2014 and 2015. On her 16th birthday, the UN named the day as “Malala Day”. The same day she spoke at the UN to call for worldwide access to education. It was her first public appearance since the attack.  She has received immense respect and support from everyone.

She continues to be an inspiration for thousands of girls around the world. Malala is yet to achieve a lot and improve uncountable lives. The world has a lot to learn from her. Her selfless contributions are heart-touching and never-ending.

WHY SHOULD WE LET THINGS GO?

These things that we talk about can be anything, it can be that argument or a fight or that regretful memory that you just can’t seem to let go of. Too often we keep holding on to these things that subconsciously keep hurting us like a pebble stuck in your shoe. It’s not causing too much pain, but we know it’s there and someway or another our minds keep drifting on to that pebble and as we keep walking we come to realize that this little tinny piece of rock is making it hard to think about anything else. Why do we do that? Like the pebble why do we have these lingering emotions that are’t causing us any harm or good but they keep lingering behind us like shadows.

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1.THEY HINDER US– Hinder us from thinking about positive things. Have you ever had a fight with someone and that fight is all you could think about throughout the day or a week and every time your mind drifts in that direction you see yourself getting more and more annoyed or angry. We hate to be hurt we hate to be made fun of, we hate to be unimportant for someone who was very important for us, we hate that our lives aren’t as picture perfect like that of our best friend from childhood. We keep these emotions in, let them broil, let them sit and infest and now we have gotten ourselves infested by a perfect parasite.

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2.YOU WILL FEEL HOPELESS AND LOST– Now that those emotions have taken their stand in your mind you will begin feeling drained . You got hurt and now you’re scared that you’re going to get hurt once again. You have lost your trust and you call it commitment issues. Now, every time you see a story of a couple deep in love, the first thought that pops into your parasite infested head is ,” that shit will never happen with me”. It takes away your hopes, it takes away your dreams. It will make you feel inferior with your own goddamn consent. Why would you want that? Why would you want to live your life with such mediocre & substandard dreams? Where once your soul had dreams as high and mighty as sky scrapers is now filled with a village made up of huts. Why?

52 Inspirational Quotes about Moving On with Pictures

3.YOU WON’T SHUT UP ABOUT IT– Ever meet those people who keep on repeating that same horrific story over and over again. They keep on running you through the details on how they got into that horrific accident and now that story has completely brought down your mood and now you’re scared of ever sitting in a car. Yes, that’s the kind of person you will become. You’ll not only ruin your mood you will be ruining everyone else’s mood as well.

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4. LONELY MUCH? You’ve been sitting on those emotions for far too long. You’ve told everyone you know about that horrific incident and now there’s no one left. More like no one cares.You feel like talking about them but no one really wants to anymore. Everyone for you will seem bunch of people with lovely smiles on their faces while you’re sitting alone in your room dwelling and stinking of rotten feelings that haven’t been disposed of yet. Misery loves company and too many miserable people together might solve the overpopulation crisis.

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5.SUCCESS?HAPPINESS? WHAT’S THAT? – This is obvious but can you really give everything to something when you have a goddamn pebble in your brain which you keep pondering about every time your mind is free? NO! Giving 100% is giving 100%, mind, body and soul included. Keep wondering about your ex’s new girlfriend and find yourself missing a promotion or flunking that test. Some guy pushed you in the train this morning and now you’ve mentally devised a 100 line speech which you’re going to recite the next time you meet him. If only those thoughts went to somewhere productive. Tell me, how can you be happy failing at something?

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6. LESS ATTRACTIVE – Only fools rush in to love by looking at someone’s looks. Attractiveness has nothing to do with your looks and everything to do with how you carry yourself. Ever find yourself attracted to that guy with a ponytail playing the guitar and being applauded by 500 people? YEAH! that’s called personality. It’s how you interact with people, by your skills or persona or by your fascinating stories. It’s how you open your heart for others to see, when someone is talking to you it’s up to you to be insecure about your looks or be the most confident asshole telling the most ridiculous stories and somehow still having a grip over them. Now, you have decided to not go out, to not interact with people to completely shut yourself out because you think no one gets you because you can’t get over those emotions and you feel like not being happy and that has made your personality equivalent to a sloppy warm ice cream that no one wants. Get a grip over yourself.

STORYBOOKS

WHAT IS STORYBOOK? :

A storybook is a book of stories usually for children. A storybook relationship, situation, or life is one that is perfect and ends happily, just as many fairy stories do. There is also Children’s Picture Storybook which is a work written for children that use both text and illustrations to present a simple plot. Someone who tells or writes stories is known as storytellers.

IMPORTANCE OF STORYBOOKS:

Stories are a great way to introduce new words and the ideas into a child’s language. Storybooks encourages the children to read books further. Reading skills are important for success in their future lives. Reading stories can be helpful for relaxation, before bedtime for example. They allow children to forget the stresses and strains of the day and indulge in fantasy for a while. Reading also helps children improve their confidence levels. The storybook also increases our general knowledge. It also improves our mental ability and reading ability. Storybooks teach us various lessons and morals.

SOME OF THE INTERESTING STORYBOOKS ARE:

There are many storybooks there. Some of the interesting storybooks are,

  • Winnie the Pooh:

Winnie-the-Pooh is a best-selling classic children’s book. It is the first volume of stories about Winnie-the-Pooh, written by A. A. Milne and illustrated by E. H. The Winnie the Pooh Storybook was created to show little ones what it means to be a true friend.

  • The rainbow fish:

.           The Rainbow Fish is a children’s picture book drawn and written by author and illustrator, Marcus Pfister, and translated into English by J. Alison James. The book is best known for its message about selfishness and sharing and the distinctive shiny foil scales of the Rainbow Fish. In this story, Rainbow Fish learns that he must share and learn to be friendly so that other fish will want to be his friend

  • The Gruffalo:

The Gruffalo was written by Julia Donaldson. It is illustrated by Axel Scheffler. The moral of the story is, really, no matter how small or how big you are, you can get yourself out of any situation.

  • The Ugly Duckling:

Ugly Duckling is a fairytale written by the Danish author and poet Hans Christian Anderson. “The Ugly Duckling” is a fairy tale with the moral lesson for people to accept themselves for who they truly are. This popular tale has been adapted to many films, musicals, and dramas.

  • The tortoise and the hare:

The author of the story “The tortoise and the hare” is Aseop. This story tells us that you can be more successful by doing things slowly and steadily than by acting quickly and carelessly. Slow and steady wins the race is the moral of the story.

  • The Jungle book:

The Jungle Book is a collection of stories by the English author Rudyard Kipling. This book is great for kids who love animals and adventure. The most important life lesson in Jungle Book is to not be a coward. We need to face our fears, gain confidence, and triumph over them.

Music as a lifestyle

Music is beneficial both for mental and physical health. When you hear music you feel happy and you forgot the most stressful moments in your life. Music makes you fell exited and it can calm you down. More than million people suffers from depression. Study shows that music can really reduce the tensions.

People suffering from insomnia can be helpful by listening to music.Listening to music help the muscles to get relaxed due to which we get a healthy sleep. Some people also listen to music while doing household chores.People exercise while listening to music. This will motivate them to be more fit and healthy.

Learning instruments can make you successful. Researchers said that learning music or instrument can level up your IQ. Learning music is type of learning new language. It also helps to increase your memory power.

Some people like to put earphones or headphones while listening to music. These people are very lonely or alone or going through hardships in life. They listens to music escape from the pain and stress they are suffering from. The soothing music in restaurants or in parties can enlighten with positive vibes.

Music has become the most important part of us. People like to get attached with the music.

Four Ways Quantum Physics Challenges Our Sense of Reality

Imagine opening the weekend paper and looking through the puzzle pages for the Sudoku. You spend your morning working through this logic puzzle, only to realise by the last few squares there’s no consistent way to finish it.

“I must have made a mistake,” you think. So you try again, this time starting from the corner you couldn’t finish and working back the other way. But the same thing happens again. You’re down to the last few squares and find there is no consistent solution.

Working out the basic nature of reality according to quantum mechanics is a little bit like an impossible Sudoku. No matter where we start with quantum theory, we always end up at a conundrum that forces us to rethink the way the world fundamentally works. (This is what makes quantum mechanics so much fun.)

1. Spooky action-at-a-distance

As far as we know, the speed of light (around 3×10^8 metres per second) is the universe’s ultimate speed limit. Albert Einstein famously scoffed at the prospect of physical systems influencing each other faster than a light signal could travel between them.

Back in the 1940s Einstein called this “spooky action-at-a-distance”. When quantum mechanics had earlier appeared to predict such spooky goings-on, he argued the theory must not yet be finished, and some better theory would tell the true story.

2. Loosening our grip on reality

Yes, we can. And many in the quantum physics community think this way, too. But this would be no consolation to Einstein.

Einstein had a long-running debate with his friend Niels Bohr, a Danish physicist, about this very question. Bohr argued we should indeed give up the idea of the stuff of the world being well defined, so we can avoid spooky action-at-a-distance. In Bohr’s view, the world doesn’t have definite properties unless we’re looking at it. When we’re not looking, Bohr thought, the world as we know it isn’t really there.

3. Back to the future

The Bohr-Einstein debate is reasonably familiar fare in the history of quantum mechanics. Less familiar is the foggy corner of this quantum logic puzzle where we can rescue both a well-defined, independent world and no spooky action. But we will need to get weird in other ways.

If doing an experiment to measure a quantum system in the lab could somehow affect what the system was like before the measurement, then Einstein could have his cake and eat it too. This hypothesis is called “retrocausality”, because the effects of doing the experiment would have to travel backwards in time.

4. No view from Olympus

Imagine Zeus perched atop Mount Olympus, surveying the world. Imagine he were able to see everything that has happened, and will happen, everywhere and for all time. Call this the “God’s eye view” of the world. It is natural to think there must be some way the world is, even if it can only be known by an all-seeing God.

Recent research in quantum mechanics suggests a God’s eye view of the world is impossible, even in principle. In certain strange quantum scenarios, different scientists can look carefully at the systems in their labs and make thorough recordings of what they see – but they will disagree about what happened when they come to compare notes. And there might well be no absolute fact of the matter about who’s correct – not even Zeus could know!

So next time you encounter an impossible Sudoku, rest assured you’re in good company. The entire quantum physics community, and perhaps even Zeus himself, knows exactly how you feel.

World Braille Day

We all have heard about and seen the braille script. But we do not know who invented it. On the occasion of World Braille Day let us learn about the inventor of Braille and how we can help visually impaired people.

By Agence Rol – Bibliothèque nationale de France, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9466496

World Braille Day is annually celebrated on January 4, the birthday of Braille inventor, Louis Braille. The day recognizes the contributions of Louis Braille in helping blind and visually impaired people to read and write. Braille is a code that uses bumps and indentation on a surface to represent letters, which can be recognized by touch. Louis Braille, a French man who was blinded in an accident at a very young age, invented it. Before Braille invented this form of communication, visually impaired people read and wrote using the Haüy system which embossed Latin letters on thick paper or leather. This was a complicated system that required much training and only allowed people to read, not write. Discouraged by this, Braille at the age of 15 invented the Braille code. While there are now several different versions of Braille, Louis Braille’s code was arranged in small rectangular blocks called cells with raised dots in a 3 x 2 pattern. Each cell represented a letter, number or punctuation. Since Braille is a code, all languages and even certain subjects like mathematics, music and computer programming can be read and written in braille. 

Louis Braille

Braille was blinded at the age of three in an accident that occurred while he was playing with tools in his father’s harness shop. A tool slipped and plunged into his right eye. Sympathetic ophthalmia and total blindness followed. Nevertheless, he became a notable musician and excelled as an organist. Upon receiving a scholarship, he went in 1819 to Paris to attend the National Institute for Blind Children, and from 1826 he taught there.  He published a treatise on his type system in 1829, and in 1837 he published a three-volume Braille edition of a popular history schoolbook.

Helping visually impaired people

  1. Introduce yourself and ask if the person needs help. A blind person may not necessarily need help all the time. Confirm it before you grab their hand and frighten them. 
  2. Assumptions can often come naturally because of misconceptions and stigmas that many non-disabled people have, but they can be very frustrating for blind and visually impaired people. Not making assumptions makes the situation so much easier for everyone.
  3. Treat a blind or visually impaired person like you would anyone else. There is no need to treat them specially. They may feel uncomfortable when you treat them with extra care. 
  4. Don’t change your vocabulary when talking to a person with a visual impairment. Generally, a blind person does not get offended by someone saying words such as ‘look’ or ‘see’, we all use those words, they’re part of our vocabulary so there’s no need to change the things you say to us.
  5. When you are standing far from them, talk a little loudly so that they can properly hear and understand you. 

A BRIEF ABOUT YOGA AND ITS BENEFITS

The word “YOGA” gets derived from the Sanskrit word Yuj, meaning “union”. It is a group of physical, mental and spiritual practices or disciplines. The origin of yoga goes back to ancient India. It dates back to pre-Vedic Indian tradition. Its traces can be found in the record of the Indus Valley Civilization around 3000 BCE. The first mention of the word “yoga” was seen in the Katha Upanishads.


Yoga is an ancient practice that brings together the mind and the soul. Yoga consists of breathing exercises, meditation and poses designed to relax and reduce stress.

According to the traditional approach of yoga, its ultimate goal is to achieve “moksha” (liberation). The first Hindu teacher of yoga who actively advocated yoga in the western world was Swami Vivekanand. He travelled to Europe and the United States and encouraged people to learn about the benefits of yoga and practice it.

Photo by Elly Fairytale on Pexels.com


Yoga largely consists of asanas connected by flowing sequences known as vinyasas, accompanied by breathing exercises of pranayama. It usually ends with a period of relaxation and meditation.


Yoga has proven to be very beneficial for the entire body. People who practice yoga daily have noticed an immense change in their body and their lifestyle. It also helps in delaying ageing if the body parts, keeps you healthy and keeps unnecessary diseases away
Some of the benefits of yoga are:

  1. Helps relax:

Yoga relaxes your body and decreases stress. Studies have shown that it decreases the secretion of cortisol, the hormone responsible for stress. A three-month yoga program can lower the levels of stress, anxiety and depression. It helps you slow down breathing and focus your shift on the present. Yoga shifts your balance from the sympathetic nervous system to parasympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system is calming and restorative.


2. Improves flexibility:


Most people practice yoga to improve their flexibility and balance. If you practice yoga regularly, you will notice an increase in your flexibility. You’ll be able to bend your body more easily. You’ll also notice that the pains and aches in joints start to disappear. Your body becomes muscles become loose. This enhances your flexibility, balance and posture


3. Improves heart health:


Yoga helps lower blood pressure. High blood pressure is the main reason behind heart attacks and stroke. It also helps slow the progression of heart diseases. Yoga lowers the resting heart rate, increases endurance and improve oxygen intake.


4. Improves sleep:


Practising yoga helps improve sleep quality. It relieves you from the hustle and chaos of life and sleeps soundly. You’ll be less tired, less stressed and less likely to have accidents. Studies have shown that yoga increases the secretion of melatonin. It is a hormone that regulates sleep and wakefulness.

Photo by Prasanth Inturi on Pexels.com


5. Promotes a healthy lifestyle:


It is advisable to move more and eat less. Yoga helps you do both. It helps you burn calories and the spiritual dimension helps you focus and become a conscious eater. It helps induce mindfulness which further helps in encouraging healthy eating behaviours.


6. Gives peace of mind:


With today’s lifestyle, many people suffer from stress. Stress can also cause many other health problems. Like migraines, insomnia, high blood pressure and heart attack. Yoga helps you quiet your mind. It will reduce your stress and also keep you safe from all the other diseases related to stress.

Photo by Chevanon Photography on Pexels.com


There are several other benefits of yoga. It has both mental and physical benefits. Some of the benefits are scientifically proven but some are.
Some other benefits of yoga are:
Encourages self-care
Improves immune system
Reduces inflammation
Builds awareness for transformation.


Inculcating the habit of practising yoga for one hour daily can significantly change the way you live. You’ll be happier, less stressed and peaceful.
But don’t do more than your body can accept. You’ll improve slowly but don’t rush into learning everything in one go. It can be risky and cause injury. Your body will learn and adapt with time.

Ganymede – Largest Moon in Solar System

Jupiter has 79 moons, 53 named and 26 unnamed, still waiting for their official name. Among them is a moon named Ganymede, is the largest satellite in our Solar System. It has it’s own magnetic field. It has a diameter of 5,268 km which is larger than Mercury and Pluto, and slightly smaller than Mars. It would be easily classified as a planet if it were orbiting around the sun rather than jupiter.  It is the ninth-largest object in the Solar System. It orbits around the Jupiter at a distance of 1070400 km.

Ganymede was discovered by Galileo Galilei on January 7, 1610. The discovery, along with three other Jovian moons, was the first time a moon was discovered orbiting a planet other than Earth. Galileo called this moon Jupiter III. Its name was abandoned in mid-1800s and a new name was given as suggested by astronomer Simon Marius, after the mythological Ganymede, a Trojan prince desired by Zeus (the Greek counterpart of Jupiter), who carried him off to be the cupbearer of the gods.

Several spacecraft have flown by Jupiter and its moons. The first spacecraft explored Ganymede was Pioneer 10 in 1973 followed by Pioneer 11 in 1974. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 returned striking photos during their flybys. The Galileo spacecraft passed as low as 162 miles (261 km) over the surfaces of the Galilean moons and produced detailed images and discovered Ganymede’s underground ocean and magnetic field.

The next planned mission to the Jovian system is the European Space Agency’s Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE), due to launch in 2022 for arrival at Jupiter in 2030. While the mission will look at Ganymede, Callisto and Europa. Ganymede will be the focus and scientists will try to figure out more about its ocean and icy crust, map its surface in detail, learn about the interior, probe the atmosphere and study the magnetic field.

In February 2014, NASA and the United States Geological Survey unveiled the first detailed map of Ganymede in images and a video animation created using observations from NASA’s Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft, as well as the dedicated Jupiter-orbiting Galileo spacecraft.

Ganymede has three main layers. A sphere of metallic iron at the center (the core, which generates a magnetic field) above which is a spherical shell of rock (mantle) and then the spherical shell of mostly ice surrounding the rock shell and the core. According to scientists the ice shell on the outside is very thick, maybe 800 km (497 miles) thick. The surface is the very top of the ice shell. Though it is mostly ice, the ice shell might contain some rock mixed in. Scientists believe there must be a fair amount of rock in the ice near the surface. Ganymede’s magnetic field is embedded inside Jupiter’s massive magnetosphere.


40 percent of the surface of Ganymede is covered by highly dark cratered dark regions and the remaining 60 percent is covered by a light grooved terrain, which forms intricate patterns across Ganymede. The grooved terrain is probably formed by tensional faulting or the release of water from beneath the surface. Groove ridges as high as 700m and runs for thousands of kilometres across Ganymede’s surface. The grooves have relatively few craters and probably developed at the expense of the darker crust. The dark regions on Ganymede are old and rough and the dark cratered terrain is believed to be the original crust of the satellite. Lighter regions are young and smooth.The largest area on Ganymede is called Galileo Region.

Scientists believe that Ganymede has a saltwater ocean below its surface. In 2015, a study by the Hubble Space Telescope looked at Ganymede’s auroras and how they change between Ganymede’s and Jupiter’s magnetic fields. The “rocking” seen by the auroras gives evidence that the probable ocean underneath is salty, more salty than oceans of Earth, scientists said at the time.

Some scientists believe that life may start in Ganymede. However there is so high pressure at the base of the ocean that any water down there would turn to ice. This would make it difficult for any hot-water vents to bring nutrients into the ocean. Because of which scientists believe extraterrestrial life would occur. This would be so fascinating to know about extraterrestrial life if it would exist in our own Solar System.

FESTIVALS OF INDIA

INDIAN FESTIVALS:

Festivals fill our lives with colors and enthusiasm. India is a beautiful land of festivals and fairs. India celebrates the most number of cultural and religious festivals than any other country in the world. There are more festivals celebrated in India than anywhere else in the world. Various festivals are celebrated across India. From small villages to big cities celebrate festivals with great excitement and joyfulness. People visit each other’s houses to celebrate and offer the best wishes for the festivals. Special arrangements are made for the celebration of various festivals each year. Indians celebrate both religious and National festivals with great enthusiasm.

IMPORTANCE OF FESTIVALS:

Festivals are a great part of human life as they bring in a lot of happiness and break the monotonous schedule of our lives. Festival keeps the people united. Festivals are a wonderful way to express joy, culture, and heritage. Festivals also give a sense of enjoyment, joy, fun, relaxation, and offer the time needed to bond with family members.

SOME OF THE INDIAN FESTIVALS ARE:

There are various festivals celebrated in India. Some of the festivals celebrated in India are,

  • Holi:

                Holi is a Hindu spring festival celebrated in February or March. The Holi Festival is celebrated as a way to welcome in spring, and also is seen as a new beginning where people can release all their inhibitions and start fresh. During the Holi Festival, people dance through the streets and throw colored dye on each other.

  • Diwali:

                Diwali is a festival celebrated with Lights. It is held from October to November. Diwali marks the biggest celebration of the year. During Diwali, people wear their finest clothes, illuminate the interior and exterior of their homes with Diya and rangoli, perform worship ceremonies of Lakshmi, the goddess of prosperity and wealth, light fireworks, and partake in family feasts, where mithai (sweets) and gifts are shared.

  • Dussehra:

                Dussehra is the tenth and final day of the Hindu festival of Navaratri, usually in October. Dussehra, also called Dasara or Vijayadashami, in Hinduism, holiday marking the triumph of Rama, an avatar of Vishnu, over the 10-headed demon king Ravana, who abducted Rama’s wife, Sita. Many people of the Hindu faith observe Dussehra through special prayer meetings and food offerings to the gods at home or in temples throughout India. They also hold outdoor fairs (mela) and large parades with effigies of Ravana (a mythical king of ancient Sri Lanka). The effigies are burnt on bonfires in the evening.

  • Eid al-Fitr:

                   Eid al-Fitr is the Muslim festival marking the end of the fast of Ramadan. Eid in Arabic means “feast, festival, holiday.” Eid al-Fitr features two to three days of celebrations that include special morning prayers. People greet each other with “Eid Mubarak,” meaning “Blessed Eid” and with formal embraces. Sweet dishes are prepared at home and gifts are given to children and those in need.

  • Christmas:

                    The day known as Christmas Day is celebrated on the 25th day of December. Christmas is celebrated to remember the birth of Jesus Christ. Some Christians start Christmas Day with a midnight service, called Midnight Mass. Christians often celebrate Christmas by giving and receiving presents and cards. This reminds them of the gift of Jesus, beginning his earthly life.

A huge asteroid and three small NEOs will shoot past Earth in early Jan, NASA warns

NASA has warned that a monstrous 220-meter asteroid is headed Earth’s way early in the new year.

Year 2020’s final asteroid, 2020 YB4, measuring just 36 metres in diameter or roughly half the wingspan of a 747,

passed by the Earth shortly after 6 am UTC at a distance of 6.1 million kilometres.

Keeping up with the trend, in the first days of January, three additional, small Near Earth Objects (NEOs) will grace

the Earth with their presence. 

The 15-metre asteroid 2019 YB4 will fly by at a safe distance of 6.4 million kilometres. It will be followed up by two

more chunks of cosmic debris in the form of the 15-meter 2020 YA1 and the 21-meter 2020 YP4, which will pass by at

1.5 and 2.1 million kilometers respectively, the next day.

A bigger asteroid will shoot past Earth on January 3, as the relatively mountainous 2003 AF23, measuring an

impressive 220m in diameter or about as wide as the Golden Gate Bridge is tall, at 6.9 million kilometers.  

How Did Education Help Women in India?

In India, women were not always allowed to read and write. But this changed when the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was launched. Now, women are learning, working and collaborating in all fields and making our nation proud.

What is Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan?

The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) was launched by the former prime minister of India, Shree Atal Bihari Vajpayee which aimed at compulsory education of every child  between the ages of 6 – 14 years.This programme is also an attempt to provide an opportunity for improving human capabilities to all children through provision of community owned quality education in a mission mode. It started in 2002 and SSA has been operational since 2000-2001. However, its roots go back to 1993-1994, when the District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched, with an aim of achieving the objective of universal primary education. In 2018, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan along with Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan was launched to form Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan. This Abhiyan has also assisted all children, especially a girl child to realise her true potential.

Education’s role in a women’s life

The development rate of any country depends highly on the education of all its citizens. The education of both men and women is equally important as they are the two sides of a coin. We can never develop, if we think that women do not deserve a right to education. Due to education, reforms started in many girls and women’s lives. These reforms are described below.

Women started getting equal respect by everyone. Traditionally, the women’s work in a household was only limited to washing, cooking and taking care of the family. After education, women could participate in the financial discussion of the family, they could now give advice to all the family members. Because of this men of the family have started to consider them as their equals.

The stereotypes and prejudices related to women are slowly disappearing from our society. The tradition of sati has stopped completely because now women know that their life still has a meaning without their husbands. Dowry has also stopped in India. Women are no longer considered a weight on fathers shoulders. 

Women also became aware of the laws, rights and their duty towards the nation. They also raise their voice against many issues and fight for their rights. They learn about various schemes introduced by the government. They also participate in elections and generally win by a large percentage of votes. 

They no longer stay at home. Due to a good education, many companies and offices are willingly giving them jobs. They are becoming financially independent. Women do not depend on husbands to provide them. This also has helped to increase the overall income of a poor family. The country’s defence forces have also opened up for women and they have become the pride of the family by joining the defence forces. 

The woman who started it all – Savitribai Phule

Savitribai Phule was an Indian social reformer, educationalist, and poet from Maharashtra. She established the first women school in India and became the first woman teacher of our country. She is regarded as the mother of Indian feminism.

By India Post, Government of India – [1], GODL-India, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=74738306

She worked to abolish the discrimination and unfair treatment of people based on caste and gender. She is regarded as an important figure of the social reform movement in Maharashtra.  Savitribai’s birthdate, 3 January, is celebrated as Balika Din in the whole of Maharashtra, especially in Girl’s Schools. She is an inspiration for all the women of India.

Theory of Trusteeship

Mahatma Gandhi, the father of our nation who fought for our independence of our country. His doctrines and views in society, education, economy, peace, women, Dalit etc may still prove the guiding to the present day world.He proposed a theory of trusteeship where he said that the money you earn should cover your necessary expenses and remaining money should be used for the welfare of the society. You are just a trustee not a owner.According to gandhiji everything belonged to god and was given by God. Therefore it is for the the whole not for a particular individual.

According to this theory the wealthy people should act like trustee that would benefit for the society. When an individual has more proportionate of money, he should become the trustee of that portion for the God’s people. Any business sector they should set up trust of certain amount of profit and that trust should be work in terms of health, charity, education etc to serve the society.
The corporates when reaching the highest position of wealth should understand the responsibility of poor section of society. This would reduce the indifference between them.

Gandhiji said that when the business are done the resources are being used by the society only. So they should also do something to serve the society. They should not think of their own profit. Gandhiji wanted the egalitarian order of society that means equal distribution of wealth. He wanted the wealthy people to share the surplus amount of money by becoming a trustee for the society.

This will reduce the difference among the rich and the poor. The wealth legally belong to the owner but morally and ethically it belongs to the society. Ganghiji ideas have to be given economic consideration for solving depressing socio-economic problems in an underdeveloped country.

“To honor indigenous people, the Australian government amends National Anthem,” says The Prime Minister.

“To honor indigenous people, the Australian government amends National Anthem,” says The Prime Minister.

     According to the Prime Minister of Australia Scott Morrison, the country brought in the New Year in a different way by tweaking their National Anthem ‘Advance Australia Fair’ in order to recognize the nation’s indigenous communities and history. The change in the anthem took effect on January 1, 2021.

     Indigenous Australians are people with familial heritage to groups that lived in Australia before British colonization. They include the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia. The term Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, or the person’s specific cultural group (their mob), is often preferred, though the terms First Nations of Australia, First Peoples of Australia, and First Australians are also increasingly common.

     The first line of the anthem, “Australians all let us rejoice, for we are young and free”, will now be ending with “one and free” to honor indigenous people. The change in the anthem reflects the spirit of unity and Australia’s Indigenous population. The National Anthem ‘Australia Fair’ was composed by Peter Dodds McCormick. It was first performed in 1878 and was later adopted as the National Anthem in 1984.

     According to the Prime Minister, it is time to ensure that the great unity in the country is reflected more fully in the National Anthem as Australia was the most successful multicultural nation in the world.

     He added that Australia as a modern nation may be young but its story is ancient, as are the stories of many First Nations Peoples whose stewardship we respect and acknowledge. He added that in the spirit of unity, it is rightful that the national anthem of Australia represents this truth and appreciation.

     Ken Wyatt, the Minister of the Indigenous Australians informed that he had been asked and consulted about the change in the anthem and he had decided to give his complete support.

     The first indigenous Australian who was elected to the federal Parliaments lower house added that the one-word change was small in nature but has greater significance. He mentioned that the change is an admission of the fact that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures go back to 65,000 years.

     The change in the anthem came less than two months after Gladys Berejiklian, New South Wales State Premier, extended support for the indigenous people of Australia about the change in the anthem. She mentioned that this a disappointing way to end 2020 and to start in 2021. She further added ‘Everything about us, without us’.

GST collection creates a record

The gross goods and services tax (GST) revenue collected in the month of December 2020 was Rs 1,15,174 crore of which CGST was Rs 21,365 crore, SGST was ₹ 27,804 crore, IGST was ₹ 57,426 crore (including ₹ 27,050 crore collected on import of goods) and cess was ₹ 8,579 crore (including ₹ 971 crore collected on goods imports). The total number of GSTR-3B Returns filed for November up to December 31, 2020, was 87 lakhs.

The government settled ₹ 23,276 crore to CGST and ₹ 17,681 crore to SGST from IGST as regular settlement. The total revenue earned by the Union government and the state governments after regular settlement in the month of December 2020 was Rs 44,641 crore for CGST and Rs 45,485 crore for the SGST.

In line with the recent trend of recovery in the GST revenues, the revenues for December 2020 was 12 per cent higher than the GST revenues in the same month last year. During the month, revenues from import of goods was 27 per cent higher and the revenues from domestic transaction (including import of services) were 8 per cent higher that the revenues from these sources during the same month last year.

The GST revenues during December 2020 have been the highest since the introduction of GST and it is the first time that it crossed Rs 1.15 lakh crore. The highest GST collection to date was Rs 1,13,866 crore in April 2019. The revenues of April normally tend to be high since they pertain to the returns of March, which marks the end of financial year. The December 2020 revenues are significantly higher than last month’s revenues of Rs 1,04.963 crore. This is the highest growth in monthly revenues since last 21 months. This has been due to combined effect of the rapid economic recovery post pandemic and the nation-wide drive against GST evaders and fake bills along with many systemic changes introduced recently, which have led to improved compliance.

Until now, GST revenues have crossed ₹ 1.1 lakh crore three times since the introduction of GST. This is the third month in a row in the current financial year after the economy has been showing signs or recovery post pandemic that the GST revenues have been more than Rs 1 lakh crore. The average growth in GST revenues during the last quarter has been 7.3 per cent as compared to -8.2 per cent during the second quarter and -41.0 per cent during the first quarter of the financial year.

STRESS MANAGEMENT

Stress is the feeling of intense mental pressure that renders us unable to comprehend what the hell is going on. We all face stress, we all know how it feels when the deadlines are near or to prepare for that test overnight and so on. Often times you might have wondered why am I under such intense pressure? How did it get like this? Why didn’t I begin sooner or why the hell did I wait. Exactly! Why did you wait? What’s causing you to get under stress repeatedly , where you find yourself in the same exact situation over and over again.When you try to change but the situation is still remains the same.

The cause of our stress can be anything or anyone or any situation that is disturbing our mental peace. It can be that pile of work lying on your desk or it can be an ill loved one you’re worried about. In our lives we often encounter problems that take away our control from our own lives. They take away the power from our minds to think rationally and make sound decisions and these are the times when our patience and mental strength is truly tested.

  1. Know the cause of your stress and do something about it
  2. If it is something that you have no control over then move on and focus on whatever you can do at the present
  3. You’re not the only one going through tough times and having bad experiences. During times like these look at those who are less fortunate than yourself and take inspiration from them
  4. Work your body – exercise, meditate, do yoga
  5. Distract yourself from stressful situations and conflicts
  6. Be hopeful rather than stressful
  7. Know the implications and side effects of long term stress
  8. Know when to ask for help

Learning from Ancient Agriculture in India

Our earth can no longer tolerate pesticides and fertilizers, because of the ever increasing demand of food, we must return back to our basics – using age old agricultural practices with the help of modern technology.

The evidence of agriculture practice in India dates back to 9000 BC. The domestication of plants and animals was also reported around this time. Wheat, barley and jujube were among crops, sheep and goats were among animals that were domesticated. This period also saw the first domestication of the elephants. Agricultural communities became widespread in Kashmir valley around 5000 BC. It was reported that Cotton was cultivated by 5000 – 4000 BC in Kashmir. As early as 4530 BC and 5440 BC wild Oryza rice appeared in the Belan and Ganges valley regions of northern India. Agricultural activity during the second millennium BC included rice cultivation in the Kashmir and Harappan regions.  Agriculture was far from the dominant mode of support for human societies, but those who adopted it flourished.

Why should we return to ancient practices? 

Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides to increase crop production has augmented the deterioration in quality of the yield. Using chemicals in farming destroys natural resources, and wastes a lot of water because it causes soil degradation and soil to become salty. The chemicals are washed from soil into water and also cause water pollution along with soil pollution. Due to the process of biological magnification, the chemicals are being accumulated in our bodies. Due to the above reasons we need to switch to sustainable methods of farming like organic farming.

Ancient practices that can help farmers

  1. Water harvesting should be adopted by farmers. This will irrigate their fields and the water can also be used for domestic use in the farmer’s house. This also will decrease the farmers dependence on borewells and tubewells and thereby save water. The Harappan farmers used to harvest the rainwater.
  1. Trees should be grown along with the crops. It increases biodiversity in the farm and also may be used as an income source. By planting a neem tree in a field, a farmer can sell its leaves and small branches. Also, birds will visit it and eat the pests from crops. Growing trees of medicinal value will help to cure an ill member of the farmers family. 
  1.  The farmers should grow crops with only traditional seeds. HYV seeds (High Yield Variety seeds) appear to be good for a short course of time; but in the long run, they decrease the groundwater table of the area and decrease the productivity of soil.
  1. Manure is a cost effective and an environment-friendly alternative of Fertilizer. Farmers should reintroduce the use of Jiwamrita which has been used for thousands of years in India. The only ingredients in this miracle fertilizer are cow dung, cow urine, evaporated cane juice or raw sugar and water.
  1. Mixed farming was the basis of the Indus valley economy. Indian farmers should also diversify their crops and grow at least two crops in  a year. This will aid in increasing the fertility of the soil.

These were a few ancient farming practices that can help a farmer to increase his income while saving water and energy; ultimately saving the world from food scarcity and pollution. 

Cottage industries in India

Cottage indusries is also known as traditional industries. These are organised by individuals with the private resources.They produce simple products with simple technology. The cottage indusries play a vital role in the growth of Indian economy. Cottage indusries provide employment opportunities in village.They can raise extra income.Women wanting to work can also work in the cottage industry. These industries uses local resources available in that area.

Cotton weaving. Cotton threads are made by the rural people. They spin and weave by hand. Cotton is spun around a chakra.

Silk weaving :They produce silk from silk worms. They threads are then purchased by the local people at the low price.

Knitting:People in the rural area do the buisness of knitting sweaters in their home. They make products and then sell them at the market.

Handicrafts:The handicrafts maintains a unique character in India. In foreign countries Handicrafts are considered as luxury but in India it is considered as normal material.

Pottery:Pottery is used in making pots and diyas. This is made from clay with the help of wheel.

Problems faced by cottage indusries :

1.Lack of power :The people in the villages do not get 24 hours electricity due to which their work is not properly done.

2.Problem of finance: Poor people cannot afford to purchase raw material or new machines for their industry.

3.Old methods of production:People use old techniques due to which the product do not result in high quality.

4.Problem of marketing :They do not have marketing strategy or the marketing planning. Due to which they do not get the right price for their product and they incur losses.

We should stop using Chinese products and should start buying from the Indian traditional markets.

BIRDS

ABOUT BIRDS:

Birds are vertebrates. Their main characteristic is their feathers. The birds come in all shapes, colors, and sizes. Other important features of birds are wings, beaks, and hollow bones. Birds are basically warm-blooded. Birds lay eggs. Birds are found in almost all parts of the world. The bodies of birds are covered with feathers and their feet covered by scales. Different birds are found in different places as determined by climate. Birds bring a kind of beautiful addition to the scene. Most of the birds can fly in the sky and travel long distances in the air. It builds a nest on the trees and eats insects, fish, grains, etc. Birds migrate for several reasons. Migration is a necessary part of the survival of many types of birds. The sounds that birds make are some of the most beautiful sounds in nature. When birds communicate, they use songs and calls. There are migratory birds that fly from one country to another over the hills, lakes, and oceans during some particular season.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF BIRDS:

There are over 10,000 various species of birds across the world.The bird differs in size, communication skills, colors, shapes, migration patterns, etc….

IMPORTANCE OF BIRDS:

Birds are important members of many ecosystems. They are important for the environment as well as for human beings, they play a vital role in every living thing present on earth. They play a vital role in controlling pests, acting as pollinators, dispersing seeds, and maintaining island ecology. Birds are greatly helpful to humans and nature. Due to pollution, excess use of pesticides, modernization, and widespread radiation many birds are getting extinct. Thus we need to protect them.

HOW CAN WE PROTECT BIRDS? :

Some ways to protect birds are,

  • Use Natural Pest Control
  • Support Conservation.
  • Clean your bird bath and bird feeders regularly.
  • Avoid the use of pesticides in your yard.
  • Provide or protect bird habitat.
  • Prevent Bird Collisions with Your Windows Collisions are one of the most frequent causes of bird deaths. Birds see nature reflected in the window or mistake houseplants inside the building for outdoor plants and fly into the glass. Putting up curtains or window decals helps make the window visible to birds.
  • Support bird conservations.
  • Protect birds from pets.

FUN FACTS ABOUT BIRDS:

  • Flamingo chicks are born gray or white and take up to three years to reach their mature pink.
  • To deal with the summer heat, birds have a behavior called gular fluttering. This is when the bird will open its mouth and “Flutter” the upper throat muscles to promote heat loss, similar to panting in dogs.
  • Birds have a third inner eyelid called the nictitating membrane, which sweeps horizontally across the eye. Blinking with this eyelid lubricates the eye, protects it from wind and dust, and assist aquatic birds with underwater vision.
  • Hummingbirds have 1,000 to 1,500 feathers, the fewest number of feathers of any bird species in the world. This keeps them more lightweight for easier flight.
  • Penguins can jump as high as 6 feet in the air.

NEW YEAR’S CELEBRATIONS AROUND THE WORLD

People around the world have been waiting for two things: the end of Covid-19 pandemic and the end of 2020. While the pandemic continues to stay, 2020 ended for good.


2020 proved to be a year like no other. The starting of the year saw the Australian forest fires, the death of Kobe Braynat and the breakout of a global pandemic. To top it off, the world was almost about to witness World War III. Luckily, that did not happen but the world came to a halt because of the coronavirus. People were forced to stay at home, some lost their jobs and many lost their loved ones. People named 2020 “The cursed year”.


New year celebrations are a sight to watch around the world. But this year the celebrations shifted to television only. The world watched the clock turn to 12 and the big celebrations but only from home.
We can say that the impact of the pandemic did not leave the new year celebrations alone as well.


Starting with the US, the new year celebration of Times Square, New York is said to be one of a kind. Everyone wishes to see it once in their lifetime. But this year only a handful of people were allowed to enter the Times Square. The frontline workers, first responders and their families were the only few people who saw the midnight ball drop. Celebrities performed through a televised event as usual.
Use of fireworks remained suspended in the cities of San Francisco and Las Vegas.


Australia witnesses new year first around the world. It was also under strict restrictions on movements, gatherings and internal borders. Yet, the fireworks over the Opera House and Harbour Bridge went on like every year.
Melbourne imposed harsh restrictions and cancelled the fireworks altogether.


Germany is under a lockdown till January 10. The government has banned the sale of fireworks and has limited the number of people in public gatherings.


China, which is believed to be the birthplace of the coronavirus saw a scaled-down new year’s celebration. The light show in Beijing was also cancelled. Wuhan however, saw a grand celebration where thousands of people gathered to release balloons in the air.


Russia also complied with the coronavirus restrictions and banned the celebrations. Yet, the fireworks at the Red Square happened like every year. On Thursday, the bars, restaurants and clubs remained closed. They are set to reopen on Friday as Russia starts weeklong festivities that span over Orthodox Christmas.


Italy imposed an 8:00 pm curfew. Bars, restaurants and clubs remained closed.
People stayed at home and continued closed celebrations.


Ireland imposed the highest level of restrictions and banned all celebrations. Household visits were cancelled, travel was limited to 5kms. All the non-essential shops remained closed as well.


England is currently tackling the new coronavirus variant. No celebrations were seen in London. The traditional London Eye celebration shifted to various locations across London.


Hong Kong continued to celebrate the new year indoors for the second year. Earlier it was due to security reasons but this time it was due to coronavirus.
Japan also cancelled the traditional new year’s celebrations.
The South Korea government banned visit to the Gangneung beach where people gather to witness the year’s first sunrise.

In India, Delhi announced a night curfew and restricted public gathering to five people. In Maharashtra, clubs, restaurants and hotels closed at 11 pm. No celebratory events or gatherings were allowed.


The fear of the coronavirus still looms over people. It could be clearly seen all around the world. Even though the celebrations shifted indoors, enthusiasm was seen in people. Some celebrated with families while some were away from home. Everyone prayed that 2021 makes things better around the globe.


People cheered and hoped 2021 brings happiness throughout the year.
I hope 2021 brings lots of happiness to you all. May you achieve all your goals and fulfil all your dreams.
Wishing everyone a very happy new year!

ANGER MANAGEMENT

We all are humans we all have those days when we lose it. We lose that little temper we had and end up saying or doing things that we regret and then we keep running around justifying our actions to the world. Getting angry isn’t all that bad but from my personal experience anger surmounts to absolutely nothing. You get angry you shout at something and someone and then you end up wishing you hadn’t and then you feel even more miserable. So, how should we stop it? How should we make our nature more likable?

Quotes About Anger - Awesome Quotes About Life

INTROSPECTION – before doing anything or saying anything take a deep breath and ask yourself why? Why am i so damn angry? Maybe it’s because you’re having a bad day or maybe you didn’t sleep well or maybe you’re just hungry or thirsty.Maybe you’re letting someone’s words get to you. So are you technically really angry or are you just venting at somebody else for no damn reason? Sit down and begin asking some serious questions.

JUST STOP REACTING– There are some people in this planet that are the epitomes of devils. They are born just to torment us and make us irritated as hell and are the true test of our patience. As easy as it sounds it’s awfully hard to control our emotions from overflowing on their face but we are the individuals who want to change ourselves so instead of just giving them a piece of our mind and telling them to bugger off which usually doesn’t work we will now use a different approach we’ll just smile and ignore. Just let them be. Let them say what they want to say let them make fun of us just stop reacting the way they want us to react. Someone threw coffee at your white shirt just say “i look prettier like this”. someone’s driving rashly just say “God is watching rest in piece”. Instead of always shouting at your kids just laugh it off for once just close your eyes to the world and become comatose and stop reacting.

LET IT OUT PRODUCTIVELY : If you want to live a happy life learn how to vent in different ways. Learn how to calm your mind and how to use that pent up anger for someone or something in a way that helps you to move on. The best way is to play sports, to start running and just don’t stop till that image of you shooting your neighbor with a gun doesn’t disappear from your brain or just write it down write all the emotions on a piece of paper and torch it. Burn it and feel good it is much better than burning that house down.

BE A SAINT – If something is happening to you repeatedly just tell them. Tell them how you feel in the nicest way possible almost like a speech.Tell them that their dog pooping in front of your house is NOT COOL. Their kids breaking your windows and making so much noise is not cool or that person who keeps parking in your space is definitely NOT COOL. Try to solve a problem with a nice tone first. Pen is mightier than a sword, be cunning be innovative you’re not a beast who lunges at anyone who disturbs you. You were with God’s grace made a human use your brain instead of your fists. Every problem can be solved if one tries to solve it patiently.

11 Anger Quotes For When You're Really Pissed Off

SAY SORRY – What about the times when you mess up? When you were the one who broke the headlights of that car and it’s owner is shouting his brains out at your face with no signs of mercy or that irritating guy who has brains smaller than that of an ant and gets angry at everything, what should you do? Bow down and say you’re sorry. Instead of getting angry just listen to their words that are sharper than a jagged glass and try to not let them pierce your heart. Be brave and just apologize there’s no point in two men/women shouting at each other because the quarrel will never end. You have to take the first step and just finish it for the sake of your sanity.”Fighting doesn’t prove which one is stronger but avoiding a fight definitely proves which one of is smarter”

Women In Labour Force : Challenges and Reform.

India’s female labour force participation (FLFP) rate is low and reducing consistently. National Sample survey (NSS) shows that between 1983 and 2011, India’s married women participation in labour force is declining even when the economy grew and fertility fell. Surprisingly, these trends are visible in high skill profession like senior officer, legislator and managers. Among engineers the female unemployment is five times more than men.

Reasons for low FLFP rate

High labour market barrier for socially and economically marginalized communities can increase the transmission of disadvantages across generation. Here we look at why participation of women labour force in economy is on a declining trend even when they have access to better education. These main reasons for decline in FLFP rate :

  1. Women are being overlooked among the unemployed people. Majority of them are outside labour force but are willing to work.
  2. Majority of women generally work in low paying or socially accepted jobs many of them are offshoots of domestic helps and childcare.
  3. Women are still entrusted to look after household duties and families across the social status.
  4. Existing skill and employment generation programme ignore the additional needs and constraint of women worker keeping them in disadvantage as compared to others.

Steps needed to be taken

Over the years both sate and central government have taken several steps to increase the participation of women in labour force so that they can contribute to the nation economy. In doing so they must undertake these policy reform

Strengthening existing policy

Both Central and State government use reservation as a policy to increase the representation of marginalized community in their workforce. Almost all states in India provide reservation to female child. Several survey has increased the SC / ST, OBC representation by around some percentage point. Its been observed that there is increase in female employment in education after operation blackboard reserve the post of teacher for women. These steps change the prejudice and bias against women. But these steps should be well monitor and well targeted.

Redesinging policy strategy

Recently, both states and central government has starting using the policy of Direct benefit transfer that is they are started transfering the social security amount direct beneficary bank account. The government should transfer the benefit amount directly to the bank account of women in the household as it leads to proper utilization of that amount.

Changing policy approach

Policy to increase FLFP and job creation can’t be viewed differently. This means that FLFP fails to create the level playing field for example job creation and skilling programmes often ignores safety, mobility, and other special needs of women which posses a big labour market barrier for women. Skilling and job creation programme should pay special attention to women needs and should break other entry barrier for women.

Influencing the private sector

Firms do not have incentive to support policy that benefit government and society at large. The great example is India’s recent maternity leave policy, where cost of leave is borne by private firms. This has led to low hiring or in some case no hiring of women in private firm which is just unacceptable.

The government should fund the cost of maternity leave to the firm especially for less education and women who hails from weaker and marginalized sector. Laying off women for just their biology it not unique to India this trends have been observed in all the countries around the world.

The way forward

Women need must be addressed and their participation must be increased not just in labour force but also in all sectors of the sectors. The dream transforming in to developed economy cannot be achieved if without the contribution of women. Not just government but private should come forward and implement gender parity and equal payment for equal work in their firms. Women contribution in society can be better understood by Gandhi quote : “If you educate a man you educate an individual, but if you educate a woman you educate a family (nation)”.

How can the youth make an impact?

Youth can bring a great change, they can change this world. Indian teenagers are yet to realize their full potential. They think that they can make an impact only after getting a job.

How can a teen make an impact?

The very first thing that we as youth can do is to know our rights. Know about your right to information, right to equality, right to freedom and other rights. These are important because this will assist you to determine those people whose rights are being suppressed. You can even make people aware of their rights.

To change the world you need to understand the world and its complex systems. For being capable of this understanding, education is very important. Every youth must be educated. Education increases a family’s standard of living and promotes economic development. More educated people will mean more economic growth. Education also helps to eradicate poverty.

Gender and race based stereotypes have always existed in our society. We can make an impact by even stopping one small stereotypic comment. We should even educate the people that every person deserves equal respect in this world. Education also helps in breaking this stereotypic perspective and teaches that each individual is unique in his/her own way.

We should always be aware about local and state issues. We can discuss these issues with our friends, families and teachers and find the solutions to it. When we learn about some issues, we can share our views on more similar issues. We also ponder upon the reasons because of which this problem became such a big issue. Knowing more about our locality urges us to be a responsible resident.

Just learning about various issues is not enough. We should speak up whenever we see anything wrong happening. We should speak up when we want to ask something. We should speak up even for others. We should speak up when we don’t feel well. Suppressing thought and feelings will make us unhappy. Speak your views and opinions confidently. 

We can join many organisations and groups as volunteers to share our views to others. Organizations influence many people and society. As a volunteer you can visit the households and make the issues/concerns be heard by all the people and also gather direct feedback from them. These groups generally take actions faster. You will not feel alone while protesting and campaigning.

You can even join many campaigns to protest against gender inequality, climate change, racism and any other issues. By campaigning against any wrong decision or thing, governments will have to review its decision and also stop any action that is not right according to the constitution. A peaceful rally is also a good means of protest but you have to make sure that it does not turn violent.

We all are aware of climate change. We can together combat and reverse it by organising rallies. We can even take digital actions like storming twitter, sharing posts on a single hashtag. Online campaigning is the new trend.

We should volunteer whenever we get a chance. Volunteering helps various people and organizations. We meet many people while volunteering. Each of our experiences are very special and they teach us something new.

And together we can change the world.

India hockey great and Olympic medalist Michael Kindo dies at 73

Former India hockey player, an Olympic medalist and World Cup-winner, Michael Kindo passed away on December 31 due to age-related complications.

  • Former India hockey player Michael Kindo passed away at 73 on 31/12/20 , Thursday.
  • Michael Kindo was part of the 1975 hockey team that won the World Cup in Malaysia
  • Kindo was also part of the 1972 bronze-medal winning hockey team in Munich

India hockey legend Micheal Kindo passed away aged 73 on December 31 in Rourkela, Odisha after a prolonged illness. Kindo was part of the 1972 bronze medal-winning Indian Olympic team in Munich.

Michael Kindo, who played as a full-back was also part of the 1975 hockey team that won the World Cup in Kuala Lumpur. Kindo was part of the squad that defeated Pakistan in the final to win its maiden World Cup gold medal.

According to his family members, Kindo was suffering from age-related complications and breathed his last at 3:30 pm IST on Thursday. Kindo is survived by his wife and two daughters.

Hockey India and Odisha Sports took to social media on Thursday to condole the death of Michael Kindo, who was also the first tribal to don India colours at the highest level in hockey.

We are deeply saddened by the demise of our former hockey player and 1975 World Cup winner, Michael Kindo. We send out our heartfelt condolences to his family,” Hockey India wrote.

@TheHockeyIndia, 👈 tag at Twitter.

HOW TO ACE YOUR INTERVIEW

Those who have given an interview in the past know how difficult it can be sometimes to ace an interview. Not everyone is born with confidence to impress someone with the first sentence they say. Some people like myself need a little help, research and motivation to prepare for the big moment. 

I will be sharing some of the tips that I came across on the internet, below. They might prove beneficial to you as well to pass your interview with flying colours. 

  1. Basic Research:

The first step is to run in-depth research about the organisation/ company you are applying to. You should be well aware of their background, values and culture. You should also know the latest news about the company. Checking the company’s social media accounts can also give you a lot of information. The interviewer might ask you questions like “when was the company formed?” or “how many divisions does the company have?”. You should be prepared with the answers to such questions. It will reflect your seriousness for the job.

  1. Review the job description:

Read the job description again and see if you are fit for the job or not. See if your experience, skills and accomplishments are enough for the job. You can also look into the hiring process of the company and prepare accordingly. Also, look into your qualifications and goals. You can tell the interviewer how your goals align with the company’s goals. 

  1. Practice answering questions:

Some of the questions are asked in almost all the interviews. Like “tell us about yourself” is the most common question. You should be well prepared for such questions. Don’t memorize the answers but do make bullet points. It will help you remember answers better and make it look natural. Your main focus should be on the company, the position, qualifications and goals. Stand in front of the mirror and practice these questions until your nervousness goes away.

  1. Crisp dressing: 

Believe it or not but dressing up nice gives you a different kind of confidence. You should always wear something formal or something that’s not inappropriate. It makes a good first impression on the interviewer as you walk in. Also, make sure your footwear is neat and clean. The best pick for an interview is usually pants and a formal shirt or a business suit. 

  1. Prepare questions to ask:

The best way to show your interest in the job is to ask the interviewer a few questions here and there. You can also reevaluate if the company’s goals, working environment and company culture are right for you. Prepare some questions that dig deeper into the company. This will show that you have done your homework.

  1. Keep the CV and other documents organised:

Keep your documents ready beforehand. This will not create chaos on the day of the interview. Also, keeping these things ready will reduce your burden a little and make you less nervous. A well-organised file speaks a lot about your work ethics to your interviewer. 

  1. Pay attention to your soft skills:

Your posture, handshake and attentiveness say a lot about your personality. Do not get aggressive during the interview and keep your volume low. Fiddling with your pen, tie or file can show the lack of confidence. Walk with confidence and try not to fiddle. Lastly, maintain eye-contact and a smile. It reflects a positive nature. 

Keeping in mind these few tips can make a huge difference during your interview. In the end, all that actually matters is your confidence. 

OLYMPICS

OLYMPICS:

Olympic a set of international sports competitions that happen once every four years. The Olympic games are held in different countries on each occasion. The Olympics were an internationally significant event that unites people from all over the world. The Olympic Games are considered the world’s foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are normally held every four years, alternating between the Summer and Winter Olympics every two years in the four-year period. The Olympic Games include all the sports registered by the International Olympic Committee as Olympic sports. Olympic Games are the largest sporting event, in terms of the number of sports on the program, the number of athletes present and the number of people from different nations gathered together at the same time in the same place.

HISTORY OF OLYMPICS:

The Olympic games started thousands of years ago and lasted over a millennium. The Greeks loved sport and the Olympic Games were the biggest sporting event in the ancient calendar. The Olympic Games began over 2,700 years ago in Olympia, in southwest Greece. The most important and prestigious were the games held at Olympia to honor Zeus, the king of the gods. The modern Olympic games began in 1896. Pierre de Coubertin was a French educator and historian, founder of the , and its second president. He is known a International Olympic Committee s the father of the modern Olympic Games.

OLYMPIC SPORTS:

Currently, the Olympic program consists of 35 different sports, 53 disciplines, and more than 400 events. The Summer Olympics includes 28 sports with 38 disciplines and the Winter Olympics includes 7 sports with 15 disciplines. The list of Olympic games are,

  • 3*3 basketball
  • Acrobatic gymnastics
  • Alpine skiing
  • Archery
  • Artistic gymnastics
  • Artistic swimming
  • Athletics
  • Badminton
  • Baseball
  • Basketball
  • Beach Handball
  • Beach Volleyball
  • Biathlon
  • BMX
  • Bobsleigh
  • Boxing
  • Breaking
  • Canoe
  • Cross Country skiing
  • Curling
  • Diving
  • Equestrian Dressage
  • Equestrian Eventing
  • Equestrian jumping
  • Fencing
  • Figure Skating
  • Football
  • Freestyle skiing
  • Futsal
  • Golf
  • Handball
  • Hockey
  • Ice hockey
  • Judo
  • Karate
  • Luge
  • Modern pentathlon
  • Mountain bike
  • Nordic combined
  • Paralympic
  • Rhythmic gymnastics
  • Road cycling
  • Roller speed skating
  • Rowing
  • Rugby
  • Sailing
  • Shooting
  • Short track speed skating
  • Skateboard
  • Skeleton
  • Ski jumping
  • Ski mountaineering
  • Snowboarding
  • Softball
  • Speed skating
  • Sport climbing
  • Surfing
  • Swimming
  • Table tennis
  • Taek wondo
  • Tennis
  • Track cycling
  • Trampoline
  • Triathlon
  • Volleyball
  • Water Polo
  • Weight lifting
  • Wrestling

IMPORTANCE OF OLYMPIC GAMES:

The Olympics is important because at no other time does practically the entire planet come together, regularly and in a positive way, to experience the same thing. The goal of the Olympic Movement is to contribute to building a peaceful and better world by educating youth through sport practiced without discrimination of any kind and in the Olympic spirit, which requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity, and fair play.

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT OLYMPICS:

  • Women have been allowed to compete in the Olympics since 1900. The Olympic Games have been hosted by 23 different countries.
  • Olympic games were not held in the following years due to the two world wars 1916, 1940, and 1944.
  • Olympic Games are so-called because they were held in the city of Olympia.

India’s Great Comeback.


Comebacks are always special more so when you’ve back against the wall and no one expects you to fight back. Similar was the situation for Indian cricket team as they were demolished when Australian bowlers ran over them for just 36 runs lowest score for India ever. It infamously known as “Summer of 36” (because its summer season in Australia). To make situation worse Indian captain and superstar batsman Virat Kohli went on parental leave, ace pace bowler Mohammad Shami was ruled out due to fractured arm, another star batsman Rohit Sharma placed in mandatory quarantine for 14 days and Indian bowler Umesh Yadav injured during the second test match. Despite all the odds and challenges India defy the great odds to claim victory in second test match of the series by 8 wicket at MCG and level the series 1-1.

Day 1

The second test began with a lot of questions after all Indian team were demolished for just 36 and lost the first match of 4 match test series. This was evident when Indian team announced 4 changes including 2 debutant on the eve of 2nd test match to be played on Boxing Day at the MCG (Melbourne Cricket Ground). Mohammad Siraj for Mohammad Shami, Ravindra Jadeja for Virat Kohli, Shubman Gill for Prithvi Shaw and Rishabh Pant for Wriddhiman Shaha.

The first day of 2nd test match began with Australia winning the toss and opting to bat. An inspired Indian bowling unit, led by the menacing Jasprit Bumrah (4/56) Ravichandran Ashwin (3/35), steam-rolled Australia for a meagre 195. The debutant for India, Mohammed Siraj (2/40 in 15 overs) also repaid the faith shown in him. While Marnus Labuschagne (48) top-scored for Australia, Travis Head and Matthew Wade made 48 and 30 runs respectively.

India was 36 for one in its first innings in reply to Australia’s 195-10 at stumps on day 1 of the second Test at the MCG, Melbourne on Saturday. Debutant Shubman Gill batting on 28 in the company off Cheteshwar Pujara on 7.

Day 2

Stand-in skipper Ajinkya Rahane scored a fine century as India reached 277 for five against Australia before rain forced an early stumps on the second day of the second Test at Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) on Sunday. Rahane showed great determination as he made an unbeaten 200-ball 104, studded with 12 hits to the fence

Rahane (104) and Ravindra Jadeja 40 were at the crease when the stumps were drawn with India leading by 82 runs. In the third session, Rahane and Jadeja added 104 runs without losing a wicket. Australia were all out for 195 in their first innings on the opening day.

Day 3

India is well within distance of levelling the four-match Test series after reducing Australia to 133 for 6 in the second innings at stumps on the third day of the second Test at Melbourne Cricket Ground on Monday. Ajinkya Rahane’s 112 and Ravindra Jadeja’s 57 took India to a decent first innings score of 326 and a handy 131 run lead. India will now look to wrap up the proceedings on the fourth day as Australia has a slender lead of two runs with only four wickets in hand.

For India, Jasprit Bumrah bowled brilliantly to end the day with 1/34 while Ravindra Jadeja got 2/25. Ravichandran Ashwin and Mohammed Siraj also got a wicket each. The only worry for India is Umesh Yadav’s (1/5 in 3.3 overs) calf muscle injury after removing opener Joe Burns with a peach of delivery.

Day 4

India restricted Australia for 200 and required another 70 runs to win. Which India achieved with a loss 2 wicket and levelled the series 1-1 in what was incredible comeback story.

As the saying goes “Only darkness can make the stars shine” similarly in the most challenging times the stars of Indian cricket teams shine like brightest stars. Well whole series has not ended there are still two test matches to be played but this victory will be etched as among the most memorable victory of Indian cricket team as they defied great odds to clinched victory.

HYDROPONICS

Hydroponics is a type of farming technique that uses water instead of soil to grow plants. By using this method we can save a lot of water. Hydroponic plants are planted in a inert media exposing their roots to nutrients rich solutions. Plants commonly grown hydroponically, on inert media, include tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, strawberries, lettuce and marijuana.

HYDROPONICS- REVOLUTION IN FARMING

HISTORY

The idea of growing terrestrial plants without soil was first published in the book Sylva Sylvarum or ‘A Natural History’ by Francis Bacon, in the year 1627. Growth of terrestrial plants without soil in mineral nutrient solutions was called solution culture. Later William Frederick Gericke created a sensation by growing tomato vines twenty-five feet (7.6 metres) high in his back yard in mineral nutrient solutions rather than soil and named it as hydroponics in 1937, proposed to him by W. A. Setchell, a phycologist with an extensive education in the classics.

The origins of hydroponics can be traced back to the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, is the first known example of soil-less growth of plants. This was around 600 BC. Later on, around 1100 BC, the Aztec Indians got creative with their growing techniques and created gardens that seemed to be floating. These “floating gardens” were called ‘chinampas’, which had a strong combination of roots and lashes, laden with sediment from lake-bottoms, providing nutrients to the crops and plantations. Similar floating plantations were discovered by Marco Polo on his visit to China, which left him surprised as he hadn’t seen anything like this ever before. In the 1990s, NASA grew aeroponic bean seedlings in zero gravity aboard a space station, opening up the possibility of sustainable agriculture in space.

Picture from NASA

ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPONICS

• Hydroponics plants can be grown anywhere even in small rooms. Since the plants roots don’t have to expand in search of oxygen and water it can be grown much closer to each other. And instead of putting its energy in its roots growth it can invest its energy into the growth above ground. Through this we can save a lot of space and get higher growth.

• Many diseases are soil-born. And it effects the plant growth in soil based agriculture whereas in hydroponics since weeds, pests and plants diseases are highly reduced and less chemicals are used. It helps the plant to grow cleaner and get healthier foods.

• Hydroponics systems can be built indoors, so there is no need to adapt to outside climate.

• Here, one can grow each crop simultaneously all year round.

• Because of their very less water usage this can be done in countries which have scarcity of water.

• Many organisms depend on plants for their food which disturbs the plants growth whereas in hydroponics since no soil there is no organisms.

• Weeds which grows with plants in soil based agriculture takes up the nutrients from the soil making it hard for the plants to get adequate amount of nutrients. This case is not seen in hydroponics since no soil so no unwanted growth of plants.

DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPONICS

• For a large-scale hydroponic system proper facilities are required and it is not cheap.
A large field where you can pour a tons of
water is cheaper than building large
greenhouses.

• If a disease occurs it spreads very fast in water as compared to that in soil.

• Expect knowledge is required in this field.

• Proper maintenance of the plants is required.

• Not all crops can be grown here. Some roots based vegetables like potatoes and carrots does better in soil.


Hydroponics is a revolutionary change in farming technique. If it is implemented with proper knowledge and constant monitoring it can yield to a better harvest. We can get healthier food and can save a lot of water. You can start doing it even in your home now. The thing is we have no idea about it. So let’s put our hands together for this new technique which can help us in our long run.

Are we humans are destroying the animal habitat?

Home is feeling of comfort that is filled with love and safe. It is a feeling for both human and animals. We human being are becoming selfish by destroying their houses. Try to put yourself in their place, can you imagine your home is suddenly vanished and there is no place for you to live? It is like being lonely and sad.

Millions of species that ever lived in this earth has gone extinct now. Some endangered species are likely to get extinct. Eg:Tiger, polar bear, Mountain gorilla etc. And the reason behind this extinction is human beings. We are killing animals for food. We are destroying their habitat for our development. Deforestation is done by humans for wood, vegetation and construction of buildings. Due to this animals are dying out.

Another reason is human activities causes pollution in water, air and in land. This pollutes the entire natural habitat and had an adverse effect on animals as well as environment. Oil leakage in marine can lead to deaths of aquatic animals. Another most important reason is the killing or hunting of animals for human resources like fur or elephant tooth. In some places hunting is considered as sport.

Animals are important for the food chain. When animal are extinct they are gone forever and we can find them only in museums.

We should try to convert every human being into a conservationist. Zoos are working to preserve endangered species. We should care and save animals and their habitat because we both equally share the planet. Prevention of cruelty to animals act,The wildlife protection act are there to conserve the species.

Never Stop Learning- How and Why

My life mantra is simple: live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever – Mahatma Gandhi. Learning is not  only bound to schools and colleges; it is a lifelong activity. 

Why?

Learning should never stop. We learn from everything that we hear and see. Many people share the perspective that learning stops after college or an age, this is wrong. We acquire new skills due to continuous knowledge and more skills deliver us various experiences. Experiences are the viable part of our lives and we even learn from them! In recent years, distinct skills are required to be qualified in a job interview. Many multinational companies hire only the people who have creative thinking. All this can be earned only through learning. The brain gets regular exercise, this prevents our mind from being left idle and also improves our memory. Individuals who keep learning are less likely to feel depressed and unenthusiastic. This way we can prevent many mental health diseases. Regular exercise of the brain keeps us mentally fit and active. The knowledge gained never goes to waste, it can always be shared so that more people can start learning. During these difficult and challenging times we can spend our time learning and teaching about various topics. We can also earn some money by taking tuitions/coaching classes. Learning about new topics and subjects increases our self confidence. We believe more in ourselves when we try new things. If an individual never tries new things, then he will never know his capabilities, he will surely avoid learning. It also boosts self esteem and makes us happy. Learning plays a key role in improving our mental health and providing peace of mind. It also builds a strong and charismatic personality.

How to keep learning?

Learning is not limited to only a particular place and a specific time. We can learn anywhere and anytime. From a role model to a child, anybody can be our teacher. It is often seen that students correct the teachers or parents and they learn great lessons from children. We also have to understand that all skills have their own importance. We should create a list of topics that are interesting to us and try to grasp as much as possible information for these topics. We should not restrict ourselves only to bookish knowledge. Our everyday lives also offer us a great opportunity to learn new things. E.g. a scientist should also learn how to change tyres along with his core subjects and work.

We can learn more by trying out different things. If you experience something first hand then you will remember it for a long time. Learning a guitar, a piano and a dance form are some examples. This can be a very good and productive use of our free time. You will feel more energetic and enthusiastic. These skills will come handy in the future. Knowledge can be also expanded by reading books, newspapers and journals on different subjects and issues. Our general knowledge will increase rapidly and reading will keep us occupied for several hours. Facing various challenges will also help us in learning. It will teach us the value of hardwork and time in our life. Always ask questions whenever you are curious, if your questions get answered then you will learn something new and if they don’t get answered, they will make somebody else curious. Learning is a part of the journey on earth and it should never stop. 

Happy learning.

South Korea’s ‘artificial sun’ sets new world record, lights up at 100 million degrees for record 20 seconds

Introduction


A superconducting fusion device, also known as the Korean artificial sun, set the new world record as it successfully maintained high temperature over 100 million degrees (Celsius) for a record 20 seconds.

Comfortably setting a new world record for fusion, South Korea managed to light up an artificial sun at over 100 million degrees for a record 20 seconds. In comparison, the core of the Sun burns at only 15 million degrees Celsius.

According to reports, a team of South Korean physicists used an “artificial sun” — a superconducting fusion device known as KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) for the experiment. For the fusion, scientists obtained a plasma (one of the four fundamental states of matter) from hydrogen composed of hot ions that exceeded the 100 million degrees temperature. To retain the ions, it is necessary to maintain incredibly high temperatures.

The researchers established a world record by turning this national artificial sun nuclear fusion reactor on and maintaining the high-temperature plasma for 20 seconds with an ion temperature over 100 million degrees (Celsius).

This fusion surpassed last year’s plasma operation that worked for 8 seconds. In 2018, KSTAR had reached a temperature of 100 million degrees for the first time, but only managed to keep it running for around 1.5 seconds.
The goal of the institute is to achieve fusion ignition for 300 seconds at a time by 2025, the report said.

Tokamak devices like KSTAR are used to recreate fusion reactions that occur in the Sun, here on Earth. According to the Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), there are about 250 tokamak devices around the world, the report said.

Tokamak is an acronym for the Russian term “toroïdalnaïa kameras magnitnymi katushkami” or “toroidal chamber with magnetic coils”.

However, “none of them broke the barrier of maintaining the operation for 10 seconds or longer. It is the operational limit of the normal-conducting device and it was difficult to maintain a stable plasma state in the fusion device at such high temperatures for a long time,” a report in Phys.org said.

Earlier in this month, China turned on its ‘artificial sun’ which managed to operate at 150 million degrees Celsius, a local report cited the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC).


In November 2018, the Institute of Plasma Physics in Hefei, China, had announced that an Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (East) device had reached a milestone temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius and heating power of 100Mw.

The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (East) is an experimental fusion reactor built at the Institute of Plasma Physics in Hefei, China, on behalf of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. his temperature was sustained for 10 seconds.

Why is it important to plan a year ahead ?

“By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.” ― Benjamin Franklin, Founding Father of the United States

Planning can be considered to be one of the most important aspects that might control certain events in your life. This only helps an individual to concentrate if future but also encourage growth.

Setting yourself with monthly targets help to improve your productivity and be active in achieving your goals.

Planning also prepares us to overcome challenges and catching up with things during a limited period of time. It can not only help us to get our things done but also make us productive in fulfilling our day to day lists of work specially during this time of pandemic where being at home and completing online assignments and meeting can be a stressful task. Therefore, planning up the schedule can not only give you an incentive to be active but aslo encourage one to stay in the moment.

What are the benefits of planning –

> Motivates to accomplish goals – planning helps an individual to maintain a schedule and completing the pending assignments. And even if someone is unavailable to accomplish the goals , one can have a record of the backlogs.

>You can measure both success and failure- planning helps one to keep a track on their success ti catch up with the task one has assigned for themselves, at the same time can help in identifying the failure and work for the betterment.

>Proper management of task- breaking down your activities , you can have higher success rates. By creating monthly milestones of a project, one can get close to achieving higher goals.

>Cuts down unnecessary budget- by moving forward with a planned budget might be good for your pocket as well. By planning ahead you can save up in bits and pieces from your monthly budget at the same time it can fetch you time that can later be used to get things at cheaper rates.

Therefore, with the new year approaching this week, it will be great to start something new and make the year 2021 one full of productivity and success. Happy New Year.

FOOD

Food is any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or that plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth. We all need food and water. It is consumed to provide nutritional support to the body. It consists of essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism’s cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth. Different species of animals have different feeding behaviours that satisfy the needs of their unique metabolisms.

TYPES OF FOOD

a) Adulterated Food- Adulteration is a legal term meaning that a food product fails to meet the legal standards. One form of adulteration is an addition of another substance to a food item in order to increase the quantity of the food item in raw form or prepared form, which may result in the loss of actual quality of food item. Among meat and meat products some of the items used to adulterate are water or ice, carcasses, or carcasses of animals other than animal meant to be consumed.

b) Camping Food- Camping food includes ingredients which are used to prepare food suitable for backcountry camping and backpacking. The foods differ substantially from the ingredients found in a typical home kitchen. The primary differences relate to camper’s and backpacker’s special needs for foods that have appropriate cooking time, perishability, weight and nutritional content.

c) Diet Food- Diet food is also known as dietetic food. It refers to any food or beverage whose recipe is altered to reduce fat, carbohydrates, adhore sugar in order to make it part of a weight loss program or diet. Such foods are usually intended to assist in weight loss or a change in body type, although bodybuilding supplements are designed to aid in gaining weight or muscle.

d) Finger Food- Finger food is meant to be eaten directly using the hands, in contrast to foods eaten with a knife and fork, spoon, chopsticks, or other utensils. In some cultures food is almost always eaten with the hands.

e) Fresh Food- Fresh food is that which has not been preserved and not spoiled yet. For vegetables and fruits, this means that they have been recently harvested and treated properly postharvest. Dairy products are fresh and will spoil quickly. Thus, fresh cheese is cheese which has not been dried or salted for aging. Sourced cream may be considered fresh. Fresh food is not dried, smoked, salted, frozen, canned, pickled or otherwise preserved.

f) Frozen Food- Frozen food preserves from the time it is prepared to the time it is eaten. Since early times, farmers, fishermen, and trappers have preserved grains and produce in unheated buildings during the winter season. Freezing food slows down decomposition by turning residual moisture into ice. Preserving food in domestic kitchens during modern times is achieved using household freezers.

g) Healthy Food- Healthy food is food marketed to provide human health effects beyond a normal healthy diet required for human nutrition. Foods which are considered as healthy may be part of one or more categories such as, natural foods, organic foods, whole foods, vegetarian foods or dietary supplements. A healthy diet is a diet that helps to maintain or improve overall health. It provides the body with essential nutrients, macronutrients, micronutrients, and adequate calories.

h) Natural Food- Natural foods are widely used terms in food labelling and marketing with a variety of definitions. The term is often assumed to imply on foods that are not processed and whose ingredients are all natural products. They do not contain any food additives such as antibiotics, sweeteners, food colors or flavorings.

i) Organic Food- Organic food is food produced by methods that comply with the standards of organic farming. Standards vary worldwide, but organic farming in general features practices that strive to cycle resources, promote ecological balance and conserve biodiversity. In general, organic foods are also usually not processed using irradiation, industrial solvents or synthetic food additives.

j) Traditional Food- Traditional foods are those dishes which are passed through generations or which have been consumed by many generations. They are traditional in nature and may have historic precedent in a national dish, regional cuisine or local cuisine. It may be produced as homemade, by restaurants and small manufacturers, and by large food processing plant facilities.

Infrastructure Crisis

Infrastructure sectors are consider to be bedrock of any economy and Indian economy is no different. Infrastructure is not only vital for growth of Indian economy but also for overall development of an economy. Any growth in an infrastructure sector has a multiplier effect on overall economy growth as it soars manufacturing and industrial growth which in turn increase consumer demand and overall standard of living. The infrastructure sector is often comprises of : Road, Railways, Power, Urban Infrastructure.

Over the years investment deficit has soars as infrastructure investment rate has decline since the highs of 2011-12. This has led to many stalled projects, delays, cost overrun and financially its been a nightmare because infrastructure project requires huge loans and these loans have fixed repayment schedule. If the project get finished on time, revenues from project finance the loans. But if the project gets delayed by months, years it gets bad. Its even worse if the project are unable to operates due to change in land acquisition policy, legal cases, abruptly changes environment regulation.

Its important to get infrastructure on the right track because its a key for an economy as it generation of huge employment which in turn increases income level, which results in increase in consumer demand which shoot up aggragte demand which leads higher level of output hence, higher growth of an economy. So, here are few general decision government should take.

Maintain Macroeconomic stability

Maintaining the macroeconomic stability is key for creating an environment that attract huge investment. There are two imporatnt macroeconomic indicator.

  1. Fiscal consolidation – It means government should take policy decision that reduces its fiscal deficit. It will leads to reduce in inflation rate which in turn leads to low interest rate in an economy. Low interest rate means that loans are cheaper as compared to before therefore it’ll more and more people to invest in economy. At the same government should maintain a healthy stock of savings to channelize into investment.
  1. Stability of inflation rate – It means there is no volatality in inflation rate which helps investor to know how much they are getting return for their investment.

It has often found that unstable macroeconomic indicator discourage investment whereas well articulated policy that maintain macroeconomic indicator invites many investors from all over the world.

Reform Public Finance

The government must scale up investment but in fiscal responsible way. There are few ways of doing it. Firstly, Reducing the government expenditure from current expenditure and increase the investment in capital good without raising national debt doing so will leads increase in capital formation in an economy and leads to higher growth. Raising GST by simplyfing, encouraging people and better targeting. Disinvest the non perform public sector enterprisis and monetize government holding and using process to invest in new infrastructure.

Declutter stalled projects

The number of stalled project sky rocketed in recent years. Majority of these stalled project are due to government policy. Here are few things that government can do.

Land Acquisition – Since the enactment of Land Acquisition, Rehablitation and Resettlement (LARR) in 2013, many states have explored some creative method acquiring land without invoking LARR. For example Andhra Pradesh introduced land pooling method to acquire the land for state capital Amravati. Under which 25000 farmer pooled 33000 acre of land by giving them alternative form of compensation in this case a share of developed land.

Environmental Clearance – The Environmental regulation agency should strengthened to ensure smooth functioning and transparency and enable them to take decision backed by data. This institution should also be headed by someone who has great knowledge about this sector.

Private Public Partnership (PPP) – The government should invite private sector to participate in reviving the stalled project. The government should give incentive to motivate them to invest in stalled projects.

Corporate Bond

While the bank remain an important instrument to finance any long term project or to increase any capital requirement its not the only option . It should promote usage of corporate bond . It refer to bonds issued by corporation to raise money to finance the projects.

While these some ways in which government can revitalize the infrastructure sector. Recently, government took great interest as well measure for resurgence of infrastructure sector. From road and highways construction to development of inland waterways as a new mode of transportation. The new policy is being formed for railways, aviation, coal, urban sector. Recently, government has National infrastructure Pipeline. National Infrastructure Pipeline Project will  play a crucial role in pulling the country out of impact of Covid 19.  NIP is a project that will revolutionize India’s infra creation efforts. Many new jobs will be created , our farmers , youngsters , entrepreneurs will benefit. If India has to transform it should invest hugely in its infrastructure.

CARTOON

CARTOON DEFINITION:

The word “cartoon” is derived from either the Italian word cartone or the Dutch word Karton, which are both words describing a strong, thick, or heavy paper, or pasteboard. A cartoon is usually a short, animated movie or television program. The term “cartoon” refers to an illustration or a series/sequence of drawings that depict satire, caricature, or humor. A cartoon is a form of two-dimensional illustrated visual art. One who makes cartoons is known as Cartoonist. A cartoon is mainly created to produce laughter, fun, joy, love, and unity.

WHEN DID CARTOON BEGIN? :

In the 19th century, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous illustrations in magazines and newspapers. The first animated television series was Crusader Rabbit. The cartoons became popular in the 1960s and 1970s.

TYPES OF CARTOONS:

There are different types of cartoons. Some of them are,

· Political Cartoons:-

A political cartoon is made to convey editorial commentary on politics, politicians, and current events. There are five elements of political Cartoons. They are symbols, exaggeration, irony, labeling, and analogy.

· Gag cartoons:-

Gag cartoons are cartoons, combination of punch lines and scenarios intended to make readers laugh. Modern “gag cartoons” are found in magazines, newspapers, and greeting cards. The gag cartoons generally consist of a single drawing with a caption beneath.

· Animated Cartoons:-

Cartoons can either refer to a drawing or a television program or film made using animation techniques. It is like a motion picture. It is a series of changing drawings that were being photographed and when projected quickly it gives the illusion of movement.

CARTOONIST:

One who makes cartoons is known as Cartoonist. The other names for cartoonists are animator, artist, humorist, illustrator, satirist, caricaturist, gagster, comic artist, comic book artist, etc….Some cartoonists work with artists who create the idea or story and write captions, and sometimes the cartoonist will write captions themselves. Charles Schulz was a cartoonist who drew the “Peanuts” comic strip for fifty years. Some cartoonists have their cartoons appear weekly or daily in newspapers, while others publish books or draw cartoons for web sites.

SOME OF THE POPULAR CARTOON SHOWS ARE:

There are many cartoons show. Some of the most popular cartoon shows are,

  • Flintstones
  • Richie Rich
  • The Smurfs
  • Tom and Jerry
  • Alvin and the chipmunks
  • Thomas and Friends
  • Power Puff Girls
  • Sponge Bob and Square Pants
  • Looney tunes
  • The Simpsons

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT CARTOONS:

  • There is an asteroid named after Donald Duck
  • The crew of “The Simpsons” once sent flowers to the crew of “South Park.”
  • Winnie-the-Pooh was named after a teddy bear owned by the son of A.A. Milne, the creator of Winnie.
  • Tom and Jerry cartoons won seven Oscars and being nominated for a total of 13.
  • In the original He-Man cartoon of the 1980s, He-Man could not use his sword as an offensive weapon or punch or kick anyone due to the broadcast standards of the period. In fact, he was mostly non-violent and usually just outsmarted his enemies .

HEALTH

HEALTH:

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. In simple words, Health is the state of being well and free from illness. Health can be improved also through individual behavior and lifestyle choices such as eating more nutritious foods and getting more exercise. Combining good nutrition with physical activity can lead to a healthier lifestyle.

IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH:

Living a healthy lifestyle can help prevent chronic diseases and long-term illnesses. The importance of good health in a person’s life is undoubtedly great. Your health is at the center of your life. Every part of your life relies on you having good health. Living a healthy lifestyle can prevent long-term illnesses like such as Asthma, Diabetes, heart diseases, and many more. It provides us freedom from almost all diseases. It is necessary for all of us must maintain a healthy lifestyle to be fit and fearless of diseases. Good health is a secret of every happy man. Thus maintaining health is an important one.

TYPES OF HEALTH:

There are five main aspects of personal health: physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual.

  • PHYSICAL HEALTH:

Physical health represents one dimension of total well-being. The term refers to the state of your physical body and how well it’s operating.

  • EMOTIONAL HEALTH:

Emotional health is a person’s ability to accept and manage feelings through challenge and change.

  • SOCIAL HEALTH:

Social health can be defined as our ability to interact and form meaningful relationships with others. It also relates to how comfortably we can adapt to social situations.

  • SPIRITUAL HEALTH:

Spiritual health is achieved when you feel at peace with life. Spiritual health is that aspect of our well-being that organizes the values, the relationships, and the meaning and purpose of our lives.

  • INTELLECTUAL HEALTH:

The intellectual dimension of wellness encourages creative, stimulating mental activities. Intellectual wellness encourages learning.

HOW TO MAINTAIN GOOD HEALTH:

It is very important to maintain good health because with good health one will enjoy life without any disease or disorder. Good health is a matter of great concern, to maintain it, healthy living and a disciplined life is a must. The most important tip for a healthy body is to have healthy food and eat them at a proper time. eating a balanced diet, exercising, and getting plenty of rest are key to maintaining good health. Some of the tips for maintaining good health are to Eat a variety of nutrient rich foods, Eat moderate portions, Do not skip meals ,Walk more, Get enough sleep, Activities such as playing an instrument, games, or reading give the brain necessary exercise to improve health.

FACTS ABOUT HEALTH:

  • Your feet have 500,000 sweat glands.
  • Your nose can recognize 50,000 different odors.
  • Laughing can increase blood flow by 20%
  • Skin is the largest organ in the body and it defends against diseases and infections.
  • Being an optimist may help you live longer.
  • Learning a new language or playing a musical instrument gives your brain a boost.
  • Drinking coffee can reduce the risk of depression.
  • Writing things by hand will help you remember them.

Gujarat government announces Solar Power Policy, 2021

Gujarat government announces Solar Power Policy, 2021

     The Chief Minister of Gujarat, Vijay Rupani on December 29, 2020, announced the Solar Power Policy, 2021 for the next five years. The policy aims at reducing the power costs of the industrial units by almost 50% while also removing any capacity ceiling for setting up a solar project in the state.

     The latest policy by the government also allows the consumers to give their premises or roofs on lease to the third party for the generation as well as consumption of power on the same premises. The announcement by CM was made in Gandhinagar in the presence of Saurabh Patel, State Energy Minister, and Sunaina Tomar, Principal Secretary (Energy & Petrochemicals).

     The Chief Minister of the state while informing about the new policy stated that a result of this new Solar Power Policy, the increase in production and consumption cost for the industries. It will also contribute to the ‘Made in Gujarat’ brand to increase its presence in the global market.

     CM Shri Vijay Rupani announces Gujarat Solar Power Policy 2021 with an aim to reduce production cost and give boost to competitively priced ‘Made in Gujarat’ brands in the global market.

     The current power cost of the industries in Gujarat state is Rs.8 per unit which is likely to get halved because of the latest Solar Power Policy 2021. This Solar Power Policy will also help them in competing in the global market.

     The new solar policy, apart from lifting the cap on the solar plant’s size and also allowing the consumers to give their premises or roofs on a lease, will also allow the group of consumers to set up the solar projects for the self-consumption as a collective ownership project. It will allow them to consume the generated energy as per ratio of their ownership.

     The major breakthrough of the policy is, it has done away with the ceiling on the installed capacity of the solar plant. Previously, the cap on the solar project as allowed by the government was 50% of the contracted demand or sanctioned load.

  • According to the new policy, the government will be able to purchase the surplus energy from the micro, small and medium enterprises, and residential consumers after setting off against their consumption.
  • The consumers will be allowed to sell their surplus solar power at a tariff of Rs. 2.25 per unit.
  • As per the Gujarat state government, DISCOMS will be able to purchase power from small scale solar projects at 20 paise per unit tariff for the projects that are up to 4MW.
  • The solar power association also welcomes the step of removing the capacity restrictions for all the categories of industrial, commercial, and residential consumers.

The Gujarat state government, in 2015, announced the solar policy for increasing the growth the supply of affordable power of the sector. PM Modi had also earlier laid the foundation of the country’s largest hybrid renewable energy park with a capacity of 30 Gigawatt in Kutch, Gujarat.

HOW TO BELIEVE IN OURSELVES

We all are humans and we all have made some mistakes. We chose the wrong person to spend our time with. We made the wrong decision of quitting that job or we made the wrong choice to leave a once in a lifetime oppurtunity. Whatever the reason,we all have somethings that we wish we wouldn’t have done or we wish we would have and those regrets and our feelings make us feel unsure about our decision making abilities and makes us lose our confidence in our self and before we know it we just have no idea what to do. The dread of making the same mistakes cripples our mind.

GET A HOLD OF YOUR THOUGHTS– The universal truth is that we have the full power and control over what we dwell on. It’s completely our choice whether we want to keep looking back feeling bad or get our shit together and leave the past to the past and just focus on what we have now. You look back and regret “Oh i wish i wouldn’t have eaten so much look at me now i’m so fat” ,” I wish i hadn’t said that”you keep on wishing and wishing that the past somehow changes but it can’t. So, tell me what’s the damn point?

Top 10 Inspiring Quotes by Swami Vivekananda on Self Motivation, Self Confidence and Self Realization on Quotss.com

GET A HOLD OF THE PRESENT– You did what you did you got fat, you got divorced , you failed , you lost the job alright, now what? What are you going to do so that those things never happen again. Your actions and your decisions are yours and yours only take full responsibility. Accept what you did, accept the fact that you’re not God. If you’re always hesitating and always unsure and always low on confidence those things will happen again. You’ll never be able to lose weight if you’re unsure about your decision to start dieting. You’ll lose the right person again if you keep on dwelling over your commitment issues, you’ll lose the interview if low self esteem is found in your demeanor.

101 Best Self Respect Quotes, Sayings and Images | The Random Vibez

BUILD SELF ESTEEM– If you’re like me a prideful person,every failure and every bad choice makes you feel very embarrassed and those choices literally cause us physical and mental pain. It causes us to lose respect for our own selves. WE BERATE OURSELVES MORE THAN ANY CRITIC OUT THERE which ultimately decreases our self esteem. If you don’t respect yourself who else will? If you bad mouth yourself if you are your own bully then how in the God’s gracious hell will you ever be able to believe in yourself? How can you expect to achieve great things with a demon always pulverizing your confidence and literally throwing you on the ground every time you try to stand up.It is your responsibility to exorcise the demon in your brain and tell it to shut up. You listen to what brings you up and be deaf to those lingering shadows that want to bring you down. Only you can do that.

20 Self Love Quotes To Inspire More Positivity And Strong Self Esteem

SPEAK ONLY GOOD THINGS ABOUT YOURSELF – What you say repeatedly about yourself is how your brain perceives your self image. Ever heard of the saying that if you can’t speak something good about someone then you shouldn’t speak something bad. Similarly, speak good things about yourself call yourself pretty, handsome, smile more try and to have fun more, say you’re smart, say you’re talented, say that you can have everything and achieve everything if you worked hard for it and then do it. You will be surprised how much your life will change if you start complimenting yourself.

George Bernard Shaw - Life isn't about finding yourself....

FIND GOOD THINGS ABOUT YOURSELF – in order to believe in ourselves we need to first know that we are a force to be reckoned with. Celebrate your past achievements.Think of all the hard times that have passed you and how you tackled them. Look at the good things about yourself and appreciate them . Start liking yourself no matter what kind of a person you are .

Quotes About Finding Yourself

FIND WHO YOU WANT TO BE – We all have an ideal person inside our mind with good eating,sleeping, exercising habits who is productive energetic and funny someone who is positive and who takes good care of him/herself. Be excited that you have a chance to improve who you are and that with little effort put everyday your life can change drastically. Try to be a person you would be proud of.

Mary Kay Ash quote: The greatest pollution problem we face today is negativity. Eliminate...

LEARN ELIMINATION – Learn to eliminate bad thoughts and bad people from your life. Eliminating people who keep reminding us of our mistakes, our misfortunes or imperfections are the ones who we need to stay from the most. You have controlled the inner demons in your head now it’s time to control the real life ones.

LEARN HOW TO IGNORE – Let’ face it we can’t run away from everyone. We need to learn how to filter and the art of just not caring. Let them say what they want to say, stop letting people’s words get to you. Other people’s words cannot define your future, only you and your actions can do so. Learn that and just move on. You’re not born to live up to people’s expectations you’re born to do what really drives you. Do not let others dim the flame that you ignited with such difficulty.

5000+ Free Inspirational Quotes to Download and Share in Anywhere! - AZ Song Lyrics

BELIEVE YOU CAN DO IT– Believing in your capabilities is the first step you can take towards achieving your goals whether its losing 10 kg or a 100 it’s up to you.It’s your commitment to the task, to your life that you want to improve. Drive yourself, don’t wait for others to pick you up be your own back bone and believe that “you can do it” that you’ve got this and repeat it again and again like a mantra. Get yourself pumped up, if life is kicking you in the gut be angry and punch it back by getting back up and getting out of the negativity and low self esteem and don’t back down till you’ve landed a decent punch on the world on your critics on everyone who has made you feel unworthy or ugly or dumb by doing something which they thought you could never do which you yourself thought that you’re incapable of . Prove them wrong, prove that inner voice in your head wrong.Make it your life’s goal.Be selfish, do it for yourself, have some pride and just stop caring because you know in your heart of hearts that you can do it.

How can Education Change the World?

Former president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela had quoted- Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Most of the people cannot fully understand the role that education plays in our society.

Role of education in our life

Here are some reasons explaining the role of education.

Education helps us to express our views and opinions. It helps us to understand and elaborate our opinions on various complex topics. It assists us to explain our point of view in the topics which have no clear answer. We can share information and have conversations efficiently and aptly.

The knowledge acquired by education influences us to broaden the boundary of our thoughts. This makes us creative and productive. It aids us in thinking out of the box. Literate people are more likely to think before they act and hence avert bad decisions. Good and creative thoughts built a confident and lively individual.

Education is not just about books and writing, it develops our character. We learn to respect, help and be kind to everyone. We become aware of gender inequality, racism and other discriminations and help the nation to overcome all these issues. A good character is what makes a person dignified amongst all.

Education system brings out the hidden talent of the student and helps in nurturing it and giving it the right direction. The teachers focus on personality development of students through conducting activities like extempore, debate, speech, singing, dancing, drawing etc. Education brings out tomorrow’s leaders and leaders shape the future of society, nation and the world.

It also helps us to face difficult situations in life. An educated individual is always prepared to cope with unpredictable situations like a loss, a shock, a conflict and an emergency. We learn that this is a part of life and we should move on. The ups and downs make our life’s journey incredible and unforgettable.

We learn about the various phenomena happening in the world and space. We learn about machines, plants, our own bodies, forests, animals, various scientists and their experiments, authors, poets, famous places and so much more. This makes us aware of the beauty of nature and the universe.

We get many more job opportunities when we are educated and get a good income and become more successful due to immense knowledge. There may be a range of perspectives on the best way to move our economy forward, but one element essential to any answer is education for everyone.

More the education in a country, higher the literacy rate. It is observed that countries which have high literacy rates have lower percentages of poor people. Education assists to alleviate poverty to a huge extent. This is the reason why governments of various countries stress upon educating everyone.

A tool to change the world

Education is a way to change life. It builds a character of a person and brings out and nurtures the hidden talent and skills of the individual. It is observed that educated people are less likely to resolve a conflict through the means of violence. With such great impacts of education in our society, everyone has the right to get access to education. Thus, education creates a tranquil atmosphere in the world and indeed, education is the weapon that can change the world.

Eating less is better than Eating more

Do you overeat? Well if you do, then you are inviting the houses of diseases into your body. You overeat when you are tempted to eat delicious food surrounding around you. Some people overeat due to stress. Food is a necessity in our life. We should eat only when it is enough for our body.

Overeating cause laziness and obesity. Today many students overeat without doing exercise which cause health problems at a young age. They just eat and get busy with their laptop and phones without doing any exercise. People eating in depression results to weight gaining. Binge-eating disorder people consume large amount of foods. Disease like heart disease, strokes and diabetes can occur in our body. Younger people like to eat sweets and chocolates more. This can increase their calories.

Eating less with healthy food can maintain your health and boost your energy. A proper diet plan is good for human being and can make your brain active. You feel better and can avoid laziness. You are free to eat snacks or junk food , but in small portions. This will give you satisfaction as well no extra fat that wil harm your body. Eating too less can also be bad for our body which results in malnutrition. That’s why you should take proper meal. This can increase your goal to live longer. You will feel less aged. Eat the right amount of calories for you. Drink water and sugar free drinks to quench your thirst. Eat your meal satisfied rather than eating full.

Eat less, Eat healthy. Stay fit

Scientists Discover a New Whale Population in the Indian Ocean

New Delhi: Scientists had found evidence of unknown population of blue whales living in the western Indian Ocean based on an analysis of sound recordings from the region, reported The New York Times.

According to a recently published study in the journal Species Research, this group of whales has its own distinct song or sound, different from any other whale song. So far, only about a dozen blue whale songs – each of which is a distinct identifier of a unique population – have been documented. Several blue whale populations have previously been recognised based on their distinct songs.

scientists involved in the study first recorded the song while undertaking research focused on Omura’s whales in the coast of Madagascar. It soon became apparent to the researchers that they had found a previously unidentified population of blue whales.

“It was quite remarkable to find a whale sound in our data that was completely unique, never before reported, and recognize it as a blue whale,” said Dr Salvatore Cerchio, who led the analysis of recordings of the whales. “With all that work on blue whale songs, to think there was a population out there that no one knew about until 2017, well, it kind of blows your mind,” Cerchio said.

Researchers said that they had initially assumed that the whales in question belonged to the same population of blue whales near Sri Lanka that had already been studied.

Before their recording effort off Oman, there were no acoustic data from the Arabian Sea, and so the identity of that population of blue whales was initially just a guess,” said study co-author Andrew Willson from Five Oceans Environmental Services LLC. “Our work shows that there is a lot more to learn about these animals, and this is an urgent requirement in light of the wide range of threats to large whales related to expanding maritime industries in the region.”

Hunted to near extinction, the number of blue whales shrank from 250,000 to around 1,000 by 1950s and started to recover from their dwindling numbers only recently following a global moratorium on commercial whaling.

“For 20 years we have focused work on the highly endangered Arabian Sea humpback whale, for which we believe only about 100 animals remain off the coast of Oman,” said Suaad Al Harthi of the Environment Society of Oman.

Weight of it is upto 380,000 pounds and stretching 100 feet long, the blue whale the largest creature to have ever lived on Earth , might at first seem difficult for human eyes and ears to miss.

VERONIKA DECIDES TO DIE: BOOK REVIEW

“Veronika Decides to Die” gives you an impression the book is depressing, right? I can assure you it isn’t.

Paulo Coelho, the best selling Brazillian author brings another beautifully woven story. It is bound to make you sad and leave you happy by the end. The story does begin with a depressing tone but takes a twist no one expects.


The story revolves around a 24- year-old girl, Veronika. Veronika lives in Ljubljana, Slovenia and has everything one asks for in life. She is beautiful, has loving parents, a lover and a job. But a feeling of fear that everything will go downhill for her after 24 takes over her mind. So, one evening she sits near her window with a bottle of painkillers. As she starts talking one pill at a time, she takes a look at all the things outside which she sees every day. Slowly, she started getting sleepy but death had not yet come.


The plan to kill herself fails and she woke up to find herself in a mental hospital, Villette. The doctor tells her that her attempt at suicide had failed and her heart had taken the toll of it. She finds out that she has a week only to live. Her world had taken an unexpected turn.


Coelho then goes on to explain how he came to know about Veronika’s story. He relates to her story because his parents also admitted him into a mental institution for his “unusual behaviour”. But Coelho appears in the story for a brief moment only.


Coming back to Veronika, shocked and resistant to live in Villette she tries to find a way out of there. But she fails at this too. Reluctantly she becomes friend with Mari, who suffers from panic attacks. Later she claims that she might have fallen in love with Eduard, a schizophrenic. Somehow she slowly gave in and accepted her reality. She decided to live the last few days of her life to the fullest.


Dr Igor, one of the main characters of the stories gives Veronika series of shocks to test his medical theory. He wants to prove through his experiment that he can shock someone into wanting to live again by convincing them that their death is around the corner. That is exactly what he did with Veronika.


Veronika finds herself on a journey to discover herself before she dies. She rediscovers her passion for piano. She played the piano every evening that lifted the spirits of many at Villette. She suffered a heart-attacks throughout the week, she found her desire to live again.


Coelho, makes you rethink your decisions and your routines. Just like all his other books, this book also successfully connects with its readers. Like Veronika, all of us have had moments in our life where we thought the only way out is to die. Paulo gives his readers a new hope to live. You will reevaluate your reasons to continue living. He leaves a hidden message that there a number of reasons in this world to live and suicide is not an option. A moment can change your life.


I recommend this book to everyone especially the people who have been suicidal some time in life. Veronika decides to Die is not a long read. The stories winds up in around 200 pages. By the end of the book, it will leave its readers happy to be alive. Paulo focuses on the fact that even the slightest of change in perspective can make a broken person stronger.

BENEFITS OF POSITIVE THINKING

Life sometimes can be hard. There are times when we are giving our 100% but it still isn’t enough.When we do the right things but only trouble follows. It almost feels like nothing good is ever going to happen to us. So in times like these how should you stay positive and what will positive thinking do ?

32 Quotes About Positivity To Get Through Anything

HELPS US TO MOVE ON – After the bad breaks the negative mind sits and ponders while the positive mind says “next time it will be better”. A negative person will cry over spilled milk while a positive mind will clean it. One is inactive other is proactive.

30 Highly Motivational Morning Quotes | Positive quotes, Uplifting quotes, Morning quotes

IMPROVES OUR MOOD – We all are humans all of us feel low sometimes but how we choose to get outside of our head and how we stop the overthinking is what differentiates us. Having a positive attitude fills our lives with hopes and dreams and thus helps us to combat depression. Instead of fearing our future it give us the courage to look forward.

Positivity Quotes | Positivity Sayings | Positivity Picture Quotes

REDUCES STRESS – “You can do it“, “you will find the right guy/girl”,
“You will make it on time“,”you’re smart and beautiful one of a kind“.If our mind keeps shouting these things instead of all the negative crap how can we ever get stressed right?If we are our own biggest cheerleaders then no matter how bad things get we’ll be able to handle it because there is a voice echoing in our brain saying “you got this“.

13 Powerful Quotes About Inner Strength | SUCCESS

IMPROVES OUR PERSONALITY – If you went out on a date what kind of a person would you like to be with the funny one with a smile on his/her face or the one who’s complaining in every sentence? Believe it or not people have auras and vibes that they project and no one and by no one i mean absolutely no one likes a complaining person.Having a positive attitude not only projects you as a confident and a happy person but also makes you much more attractive and easy to talk to.

Positivity Quotes To Inspire Happiness Now | Construction2style

MAKES US STRONG – “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade” that kind of attitude will help you sail through the tough times smoother than ice cream. Never think that bad times prevent you from being happy, happiness comes from within positivism comes from within. It’s the way we react to our situations that increase or decrease our happiness. Once you’re used to facing adversity with a smile on your face bad times are not enough to move you.

25 Positive Quotes To Overcome Negativity

GOOD FOR HEALTH – What we say again and again comes true. If you spew out bad things about yourselves like “I’m not pretty enough, i’m not good enough i’m fat, i’m too thin, i’ll never be that rich, i’ll never date that guy/girl” GUESS WHAT? It might just come true. Having a scorn on your face will increase your wrinkles make you more prone to anxiety,make you less confident and discontent and make you very unhappy and sad which will directly take a toll on your health.

UNDERWATER WORLD

ABOUT UNDERWATER WORLD:

There is a world inside water which is the underwater world. The underwater world is an amazing place full of mysterious and wonderful creatures. The underwater world is filled with beauty, color, and life. There are over millions of known species of plants and animals in our oceans and many millions maybe still be discovered.The animals in the underwater world are aquatic. They are purely a pleasure to see.

WHY IS AQUATIC LIFE IMPORTANT? :

Aquatic life is one part of many life cycles that exist to maintain the equilibrium of the entire life cycle. The food chain is dependent on aquatic animals. Human beings also depend on many aquatic animals and plants to survive. The aquatic wildlife gives the sources of food, energy, jobs, atmospheric oxygen, and global climate change. Other than fish Snails, worms, turtles, frogs, marsh birds, alligators, beavers, otters, snakes, and many types of insects live in the aquatic ecosystem.

AQUATIC ANIMALS:

In Underwater World, aquatic animals consist of mammals like whales, mollusks such as sea snails, cnidarians, also known as jellyfish, and crustaceans like crabs. Aquatic animals which live in river, lakes, and pond are freshwater animals. Aquatic animals that live in oceans are Marine or saltwater animals. Some animals live on both land and water such as snails, crabs, and turtles, etc….

INTERESTING SEA CREATURES OF UNDERWATER WORLD:

There are also interesting and mysterious sea creatures in the underwater world. Some of them are,

  • PURPLE EYED GOBY:-

It is also known as Gudgeon, Hovering Goby, Pinkeye Goby, Purple-eye Goby, Purple-eyed Dwarf Goby, Purple-eyed Goby, Redeye Goby, Red-eyed Goby, Reef Goby. It is mainly found in small schools hovering in the branches of Acropora Corals over shallow lagoon reefs.

  • PINE CONE FISH:-

The Pinecone Fish, also called the Pineapple Fish and Knight-fish is covered with spines and has a brilliant yellow body. The body is covered by heavy, platelike scales that overlap, giving the fish the appearance of a pinecone-hence its name.

  • FLYING FISH:-

These fish got their name due to their ability to fly above water to avoid predators. This fish can fly above the water for up to 45 seconds at a time. This fish has large pectoral fins that enable it to leap out of the water and fly above the surface for a few seconds.

  • GREEN NUDIBRANCH:-

It grows to at least 50 mm in length. Its body is covered with raised green nodules. The bright colors of this nudibranch species are an aposematic warning to predators. They are hermaphrodites.

  • PHYCODOROUS EQUES:-

It is also known as a leafy sea dragon. It is found along the southern and western coasts of Australia. The name is derived from the appearance, with long leaf-like protrusions coming from all over the body.

  • SUNFISH:-

Sunfish is the world’s heaviest bony fish. The average adult may weigh 1000 kg and the highest recorded weight is 2300 kg. The main prey of ocean sunfish is jellyfish.

  • DUMBO OCTOPUS:-

Dumbo octopuses move by slowly flapping their ear-like fins, and they use their arms to steer. Dumbo octopuses’ primary predators are diving fishes and marine mammals, including tunas, sharks, and dolphins. The Dumbo octopus is the deepest-living genus of all known octopuses. It lives at least 13,100 feet (4,000 m) below the surface.

  • RIBBON EEL:-

Ribbon eels are colorful animals that are a species of a moray eel. The Ribbon Eel is a very distinctive looking eel with their sharp head and enlarged fan like nasal openings. They will slowly extend themselves out the hole almost imperceptibly and swing closer and closer to the target fish.

SOME FUN FACTS OF UNDERWATER WORLD:

  • Walruses can stay underwater for up to 30 minutes on a single breath.
  • Sea turtles can’t hide in their shells.
  • 95% of the underwater world is yet to be explored.
  • Dolphins sleep with only half of their brain and one eye open so they can watch for predators and other treats.
  • Great White Sharks can go as long as 3-6 months without eating.

Farmers suicide in India

India is known as the agri-based economy. It is too much depended on agriculture. Agriculture is done by the farmers which feed crops to the entire country with their hardwork. They are known as the backbone of our nation.

Farmers are faced by many problems in our country. The news in papers are all about suicides. Everyday the farmers are committing suicides. Some drink pesticides, while some hang themselves in their houses. Why? Poverty is major issue for the farmers. They do not get the enough minimum support price that they should get by the government. They are not getting the right price for their crops. They cannot maintain the needs required for their living. In order to meet their needs, the farmers take loans that they are incapable to repay. Due to this, they are caught into indebtness.

Farmers are also dependent on seasons. If there are no rains, the entire crops get wasted. Drought also yield to crop like wheat, corn failure.

Recently, the farmers protest for the farm laws passed by the government. The protests took place in punjab, Haryana and uttar pradesh. But sadly to get attention from media and government, they had to face very unfortunate acts. The police tried to stop these farmers by using water cannons. Farmers suffered from cold and the food was not sufficient for enough days.

To avoid the issues regarding the farmers, we should help and educate them which will reduce their suicidal issues. The panchayats of the village should help them by canceling all their debts and prevent them from getting loan. The Indian government has to do more to support the farmers. They should improve storage facilities. Research said that to abandon support price and provide them income support. Create more farmers market because this will reduce their transport and storage costs.

HOW SNAKE LOST IT’S LEGS🐍

ORGIN OF SNAKE

Snake is a family tree of Reptails all reptails will move slowly and it can survive in both water and land but snake hos no leg now but 150 Million years ago the snakes which had a legs and it used leg to survive .

The above image is decayed snake bone research says around 150M years before all the snakes lived with leg by due to earth evolution it lost its legs and survived in the land without leg and it try to move in zig-zag manner to move one place to another . Snakes are reptiles with no legs. They move by using their muscles to push their scales against the ground or other objects.

HOW SNAKE LOST

How it lost? , we didn’t get clear idea because bone of the snake is rare. We didn’t get snakes bone between 150M -100Million years so we didn’t get clear idea about how it lost its leg it is mistry.

Researchers found two type of snake that has leg and they lived in different locations one is under water another is on the ground and due to earths evaluation the answer for this question is mistry. We doesn’t have exact answer for it.

TRY TO GIVE LEGS TO SNAKE BY ARTIFICIAL

By the research for growing leg and hand the gene called “SONIC HEDGEHOG” is shortly called as SSH it plays a role to grow legs and hand not only snake for all living organism including human also. And HOXD13 enzymes is used to grow fingers for all living organism .

The snake has it both SSH and HOXD13 but it can’t promote (enhancer) is less so it is growing but not visible it is tiny and not growing large and lost it now a days living snake .

HOXD13 and SSH

The scientist try to give enhancer and retrive the snakes leg the research is going on . They try to introduce in rats egg and now research is doing on.

They found that python have small leg while laying eggs, but it doesn’t have enhancer to develop the legs and finger to the snakes.

ALSO LOST EAR

Though it lost legs and it can’t stand so it is always on touch body with ground so it can here every vibration on earth so need of ear is not nessasary for it so it lost its earing power and finaly lost its ear.

Though it does not have ear to hear it feel the vibration on earth and survives.

FACT’S ABOUT SNAKE

  • Snakes are carnivores (meat eaters).
  • Snakes don’t have eyelids.
  • Snakes can’t bite food so have to swallow it whole
  • Snakes are found on every continent of the world except Antarctica.
  • Snakes have internal ears but not external ones.

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Make a resolution to use local products says PM

MAKE A RESOLUTION TO USE LOCAL PRODUCTS SAYS PM

     Prime minister Narendra Modi urged the people of the nation to make a New Year resolution to substitute foreign-made products for local goods in 2021, in his last Mann ki Baat.

     Mr. Narendra Modi mentioned that manufacturers have to make sure that Indian-made products are up to global standards, as a part of the government’s Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India) push and the Vocal for Local campaign.

     He asked Indians to make a list of daily used products and identify which ones are made abroad and look for Indian substitutes.

     “The abroad made things are unknowingly putting us down, let us find out the Indian substitutes for them and replace them, let us use the products which are made with the hard work and sweat of the Indian people, we make resolutions every year so, this year let us make a New Year resolution for the sake of our country”, Mr.Modi said.

     “ Getting rid of India of single-use plastic should be another resolution for 2021. Due to the pandemic, the topic of single-use was discussed much this year. Later he said our country had learned a lesson with every challenge we faced this year due to the whole COVID-19 pandemic. “ he said.

  Amid the ongoing agitation by farmers from Punjab against the farm laws,   Prime Minister spoke of the sacrifices of Guru Teg Bahadur, Mata Gujari, Guru Gobind Singh, and his sons, remembered as the four Sahibzade, and Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh, adding that it was this kind of sacrifices that kept the fabric of India intact.

     He also mentioned the increase in the leopard population from 7,900 in 2014 to 12,852 in 2020. The Prime minister reminded the listeners that it was Geeta Jayanti two days ago by referring to the “uniqueness” of the Bhagavat Geeta.

      The Congress on Sunday accused Prime Minister Narendra Modi of “showing insensitivity” towards farmers. The party said while Mr. Modi spoke on everything from “garbage to animals” in his last Mann ki Baat broadcast of the year, he did not mention the farmers’ agitation.

    Congress MP from Punjab Ranveet Singh Bittu said the Union government, before its next meeting with farmers, should withdraw the clause of penalty for stubble burning in the farm laws and the Electricity (Amendment) Bill 2020 in its entirety.

     “Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke on garbage to animals in his last Mann ki Baat but did not speak a word about the farmers’ agitation. Surely, a Prime Minister who as a tea-seller has spent time on railway platforms should understand the pains of the farmers”, Mr.Bittu said at a press conference here.

     Mr.Bittu said many soldiers posted at the borders with Pakistan and China too had requested the government to intervene at the earliest so that their parents can return home.

     “We don’t understand what the government wants? The farmers have been sitting on protest for 32 days now, many have died due to the biting cold. Does the government want their blood,” he asked.

The Great Indian Banking Crisis.

For a few years now we have witness number of banks and other financial institution crumbled to dust. Apart from PMC (Punjab and Maharashtra Co-Operative) Bank and Yes Bank crisis there are several small banks crisis that have barely been reported and recently RBI have red flagged as many as 11 bank. So how come most important financial institution of our country are falling apart one by one?

Well the failure of several financial institutions and more importantly banking are mainly due to these reasons. Firstly, Indian banks mainly public sector banks(PSB) are loaded with non performing assets (NPA). This implies that they find it difficult to lend more money to industries and other business out of fear which leads to fall in capital formation which in turn leads to reduction in growth of an economy. Secondly, Public Sector Banks are not professional enough that is government still controls the appointment to their boards and their management are short of talents. Thirdly, Banks are made to do too much and take too much risk. They are made to bear the burden of loan waiver and direct lending. All banks suffer miserably due to lack of well develop financial system that could take some risk.

The banking system in India is overwhelmed by bad loans ( loans which bank fails to recover along with interest). Much of the blame is put on the poor performance of public sector bank but recent crisis in YES BANK shows that problem of poor governance, lack of transparency, government interference is same across all banks in both public and private through direct or indirect channel. And how small solution like privatisation is not a solution to any problems.

Any banking reform should address 2 important areas:

  1. Cleaning up banks
  2. Improve governance and management in Public sector banks

Cleaning up Banks

Under IBFC law, National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) helps to restructure the loans for the largest firms but it’ll be overwhelmed if every stressed firms files before it. So, we need to find a way for out of court restructuring process so the many cases are restructure out of bankruptcy and NCLT acting as a last resort. Out of case settlement process should be transparent, speedy and it should protect the interest of bankers and harass them using central agency of CBI, CVC, ED on the other hand NCLT should be more transparent and speedy.

Improving Governance

Public sector has still not adequately professionalized since government rather than a independent body appoint boards member which inevitably leads to government interference. Every public sectors bank should independent body which have a power and authority to appoint CEO and hold him responsible for performance. Productivity of employees should also increased through imparting new skills and knowledge as PSBs has a huge talent deficit. Lateral entry should also be promoted at the top most. Banking system should not made to bear risk of the government electoral promises of loan waiver and direct benefit transfer targets because these are often achieved by abandoning appropriate procedure and create environment for future NPA and these measure constraint state and central government budget spending.

Over the there have been many debate and discussion over solution to fix the flaws of about the great Indian Banking crisis. All these debate and discussion often leads two common answers: Privatization of PSBs and Merger of Small and non performing PSBs to good performing and well managed PSBs.

Privatization of Banks

Privatization of Public Sector Banks (PSB) means to process in which government transfer the ownership and control to private entity by selling of its shares. Much of the discussion and debate over privatization are based on the ideology one believes in. Definitely, if the PSBs are given more independence in decision making, policy making and especially in recruitment of high skilled workers it’ll lead to some better result. However believing privatization is the solution to all the problems are short sightedness and foolish. The crisis of YES BANK only brought the biggest vulnerability in Indian banking system, the interference of government across all the bank both private and public is a big reality and lack of proper management and governance across all sector is also a reality which cannot be ignored.

Merger of Banks

Merger of banks often prescribed as solution to address the problem of poor goverance. In this process the poor manage banks are merged with good managed and governed banks. It is uncertain whether this process will result in a good result for collective performance of both banks but it’ll depends on ability of good bank management to impose its policy and will without alienating the employees of poor managed banks. Recently India government merge 10 PSBs and India is left with 12 Public sector banks. Whether this move is a success or not only time will tell.

Bank and other financial institution plays an important role in growth of any economy. It accepts deposit from an individual and lends that any people or business. It gives interest to people who deposit their savings and charges interest on loans, the difference between the two is its profit. Through process of accepting deposit and lending money (loans) leads to capital formation which is very important component of growth of an economy. So the government and all the stakeholder should pay a serious attention on the fragility of Indian banking system.

Abandoning and ill-treatment of old parents

How much do you love your parents? From the small baby to the present you, they loved you unconditionally. Completing your every demand that you wished from your childhood. Can you repay the love by loving them till their end?

In today’s scenario, many old parents are abandoned by their own children. They left them at their poorly state. They feel burden to keep their old parents at home. Many parents are mistreated by snatching all the money by their children and thrown out of their own houses. They become helpless and cannot do anything. How can someone bare to see their parents crying?

What is the importance of celebrating Father’s day and mother’s day? They just show the love in the social media posts but they don’t show the actual love that they need the most in real life. They don’t spend much time together with them. In the old stage, they don’t want live lonely. They need the love and care that they had given the same to their own child.

For such cases, various laws has passed for the security of old parents. They can sue or file a complaint against them for such actions. The person can have 6 month jail for such shameful actions. For their safety various old age homes are provided for them with shelter and food.

This should be stopped and we need to learn and value our parents. Respect and love them . Help and be the support system of them.

INDIA

ABOUT INDIA:

India is the largest country in the south Asia Region, located primarily in the center of the subcontinent. It is an extremely diverse country, with vast differences in geography, climate, culture, languages. India remains to be one of the world’s fastest-growing economies and one of the fastest developing countries. Diversity of India in terms of geography, religion, races, food, and living habits of her people.

POPULATION OF INDIA:

India population in 2020 is estimated to be 1.38 Billion (138 crores). India is the second most populous country, after China and US is the third populous country in the world.  India’s population is young and more than half of the population is under the age of 35.

WHAT IS INDIA KNOWN FOR:

India is known for so many and is famous for its hundreds of things. Firstly, TAJ MAHAL is one of the seven wonders in the world. Taj Mahal was build in the 17th century by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz in Agra. It is also known for its diversity, its spirituality, its population, its sporting culture, and also Indian foods.

INDIAN CULTURE:

India has a diverse and distinct culture that has been developing for thousands of years and varies from region to region. Indian culture is one o f the milestones in the history of Indian literature. Culture is like a living organism, which can sustain and progress only when it shows adaptability in full abundance. Indian culture is as many-sided as life. It includes the intellectual and social aspects of any human being. It also takes account of the aesthetic instinct as well as the spiritual impulses of human beings.

STATES OF INDIA:

There are a total of 28 states and 8 union territories in India. Every state is ruled by a Chief Minister. The 28 states of India are,

  • Andhra Pradesh
  • Arunachal Pradesh
  • Assam
  • Bihar
  • Chhattisgarh
  • Goa
  • Gujarat
  • Haryana
  • Himachal Pradesh
  • Jharkhand
  • Karnataka
  • Kerala
  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Maharashtra
  • Manipur
  • Meghalaya
  • Mizoram
  • Nagaland
  • Odisha
  • Punjab
  • Rajasthan
  • Sikkim
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Telangana
  • Tripura
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Uttarakhand
  • West Bengal

SPORTS IN INDIA:

Sports are good for any nation. Various games are played in India. Sports in India are badminton, football, shooting, wrestling, boxing, tennis, squash, weightlifting, gymnastics, athletics, table tennis, basketball, volleyball, and cycling. Popular indigenous sports include chess, kho-kho, kite-fighting, leg cricket, polo, snooker, and Gilli danda. India’s sporting icons such as chess wizard VISWANATH ANAND, cricket legend SACHIN TENDULKAR, billiards maestro GEETSETHI, tennis duo LEANDER PAES and MASHESH BOOPATHY are currently rated among the world’s best.

INTERESTING INDIAN FACTS:

  • There is an underwater waterfall in the Indian ocean
  • India is the second-largest producer of wheat, rice, sugar, groundnut, and inland fish.
  • There is a place in Bongaigaon Assam where River Champawati meets Brahmaputra and the scene represents our India map
  • Maysynram in India is noted as being the wettest place on earth is with over 11 meters of rain falling every year.
  • The steel wires used to make Bandra Worli sea link is equal to the earth’s circumference.

ENVIRONMENT

WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT? :

Everything around us is known as the environment. The environment is the total of land, water, air, and other living organisms. The environment is the area where we live. The environment also has an interrelationship with human beings. The environment is important to all. Changes in the environment affect living things. Today many people are working to protect the environment.

TYPES:

According to Kurt Lewin, the environment is simply classified as THREE types that influence the personality of an individual. They are,

  • PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT:-

                                             The physical environment refers to geographical climates and weather or physical conditions. The human working efficiency can also depend on the climatic conditions.

  • SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT:-

                                                                     The social and cultural environment includes an individual’s social and political conditions.

  • PSYCHOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT:-

                                                             The physiological environment enables us to understand the personality of an individual. Both the person and his goal form a psychological environment. By adopting this mechanism, the individual is helped in his adjustment to the environment.

STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT:

                                                      The environment is both physical and biological. It includes both living and non-living components. They are,

  • Physical environment

The physical environment is classified into three broad categories. They are,

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • gas  

WHY IS ENVIRONMENT IMPORTANT? :

 The environment is the key to the existence of life on earth. It matters because it provides air, food, and other essential needs. Environments also play an important role in regulating air and climate. . Without it, there can be no life on earth.There are other planets in the solar system without life because of a lack of environment. Hence the environment is important for all living beings to survive.

FUN FACTS ABOUT ENVIRONMENT!  :

  • AROUND 20 MILLION TREES ARE CUT DOWN EACH YEAR TO MAKE WOODEN CHOPSTICKS
  • TREES CAN HELP TO REDUCE NOISE POLLUTION
  • RECYCLING OF ONE TON PAPER CAN SAVE 17 TREES
  • HUMMINGBIRD’S EGGS ARE SMALLER THAN JELLY BEANS
  • DOLPHINS ARE MARINE MAMMALS AND NOT FISH
  • 75% OF EVERY VEHICLE IS RECYCLABLE
  • OVER 90% OF ALL VOLCANIC ACTIVITY HAPPENS IN THE OCEAN
  • WE EACH USE ABOUT 12,000 GALLONS OF WATER EACH YEAR

CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION:

Environmental Degradation occurs when the earth’s natural resources are depleted. It leads to weather extremes, species loss, rare specious disappearance, disasters, and over population. Land degradation and dam burst can lead to massive siltation and floods situation.

CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONS:

                                        “ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IS AN INCURABLE                                  DISEASE. IT CAN ONLY BE PREVENTED”.

                                                               -Barry Commoner

      Mainly the environment is polluted by air pollution, water pollution, and land pollution. Oil spillage causes environmental pollution when oil is spilled in water. Smoke and fumes from industries also lead to environmental pollution since it produces smoke that may limit oxygen supply. Land pollution is caused by accidental spills, landfill and litter dumping, use of chemical fertilizers.

HOW TO CONTROL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION:

  1. Avoid excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers
  2. Discharge of wastewater can be minimized
  3. Disposal of radioactive materials must be safe and secure            
  4. Use eco-friendly products
  5. Conduct pollution prevention programs
  6. Plant more trees
  7. Reduce waste production
  8. Avoid burning trashes and other materials.

How to stop procrastinating and get things done

Procrastination is an art and the perfect example of ignorance is a bliss. We ignore those piling assignments and reports that are due on Monday, we ignore the fact that a test is on it’s way and we haven’t even started yet. We keep on ignoring the important things that need to be done because of various reasons and live blissfully even if that bliss is followed by a hellish nightmare and then we wonder where did all the time go? Why didn’t we do it before? We regret and regret and the cycle continues. SO, how do we break it?

6 Powerful Quotes on How to Stop Procrastinating

YOU WILL NEVER FEEL LIKE IT, THERE IS NO IDEAL TIME– Before even beginning to sit down and do the work the first thing that we need to instill in our brains is that “feelings don’t matter”. If you always listen to the voice that tells you “i don’t feel like doing it right now” , you will never get anything done. Period. The ideal time starts when you make up your mind to change the situation rather than waiting for the situation to change.That is the no.1 difference between the person that you want to be and the person that you are.

80 Procrastination Quotes to Get You Focused

SIT DOWN AND MAKE A LIST – Get off from your bed sit on a table and a chair and write down all the things you need to get done, big and small. Making a list will bring your ignorant mind back to the reality by showing how much stuff is pending. A shock is needed to get your mind started. Turn off the WiFi, clean your room, drink a glass of water and begin.

START WITH THE EASY THINGS– Too often we procrastinate the things that we either don’t like or are too long and boring. Starting out with the small and easy things will not only get some stuff out of the way but also give us a bit of confidence to move on ahead with the list. Try to do the things that have close deadlines first.

35 Best Quotes About Change - Inspiring Sayings to Navigate Life Changes

SET A TIMER AND TAKE BREAKS – Set a timer for 30 minutes and then take a 10 minute break. Then set a timer for 45 minutes and take a 15 minute break. Then set a timer for an hour and take a 20 minute break and then repeat the cycle and make sure that working time is for work only and break time is for fun only. NO MIXING!

BREAK DOWN THE BIG THINGS – Now that we are done with all the small things we needed to get done it’s time to begin with that big ass assignment waiting for us that we have been putting away for God knows how long. Instead of trying to do it all in one go,break it off. Suppose it has 60 questions and you need to get it done in 3 days, do 20 questions everyday instead of trying to do all 60 do little by little. Breaking down the big things not only makes it much less daunting but also helps us gain confidence.

Procrastination Quotes - How To Stop | Overcoming Procrastination | Strategies

FOCUS ONLY ON ONE THING– Instead of having 120 books on your table keep only those things that you’re currently trying to finish. If you’re studying math then your table should only have math books nothing else. This is because too many books and stuff to do on our table not only makes it very stressful but it also chips away our concentration. Similarly keep away from your to do list and try not to read it over and over again as it will only make you panic more and work less.

CONCENTRATION QUOTES [PAGE - 3] | A-Z Quotes

CONCENTRATE– Now that you have finally gotten to doing what you are supposed to be doing you might as well learn from it. The art of concentration is difficult but once you’re in the zone make sure nothing breaks the zone. Doing things halfheartedly will only make it much more difficult. Some people like listening to songs while studying which is all good till you see that you’re searching for your favorite song in the playlist rather than doing your work. When you’re truly concentrating nothing else matters no noise will reach your ears so if you’re fidgeting every 15 minutes to change the song, you’re getting distracted.