The basic principles involved in mind theory are beliefs, desires, and intentions that are used to comprehend why somebody is acting in some way or to predict how somebody is acting. In general, Mind Theory requires identifying the knowledge, beliefs, emotions and intentions of another person and using that understanding to navigate social situations. A commonly used task of measuring theory of mind is a task of false-belief, like this:
Demonstrate the child a Band-Aid box and ask the child what’s inside the box he / she thinks. He or she will probably answer, “Band-Aids.” Open the box and display him / her that within is a toy pig, while saying that there’s really a pig inside and close the box after this.
Now, as you’re bringing into view a toy figurine boy who’s been hidden up to now, the adults say “Scott’s never seen anything inside this Band-Aid box. Now Scott comes here. So, what does Scott think the box contains? Band-Aids or a pig? Children who have established Mind Theory will understand that because he did not see in the box, Scott holds a different understanding than they.
Children who have formed Mind Theory will understand that because he did not see in the box, Scott continues to hold a different understanding than them.
They’ll respond that Scott thinks Band-Aids is in the box. Those who have yet to develop Mind Theory may respond that Scott thinks pigs are in the box, mistakenly thinking that Scott holds the same belief as they do.
Kids are improving on Mind Theory tasks around the age of 4 and are able to fully understand that somebody can act on the basis of a false belief about an object or event. In my own work with pre-schoolers, anecdotally, 3-year-olds tend to understand that Scott didn’t see inside the box, but still react that Scott thinks a pig is in the box.
For children with developmental disabilities, such as those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), it may take cognitive ability a little longer to develop, and some higher skills may not be attained at all. Youth (ages 5 to 13) with autism received lower scores on measures to understand the beliefs and emotions of others than those typically developed by young people, but there were no differences in understanding others’ intentions possibly since knowing intentions is a less nuanced ability that evolves faster than knowing feelings and beliefs. Mind Theory also predicted ASD diagnosis, so that those with the lowest level of these abilities had more serious diagnoses (i.e. autism with intellectual disability) than those with more advanced Mind Theory (Asperger’s syndrome) diagnoses. Mind theory evidently plays a role in the emergence of delays in development, with discrepancies between those with delays and normally developing adolescents persisting in middle and even adolescence.
By comprehending Mind Theory, we may not only be able to better diagnose those with complications, but also create more effective interventions to encourage and support cognitive development. It is believed that executive function is related to social social skills, so that those with higher levels of cognitive abilities also have greater social skills, with that relationship being partly related. The connection between perceived competence and executive function may be more nuanced and bidrectional, as indicated in some of the literature, but I think it is most important to establish how EF skills contribute to mental theory and social competence in this way. Understanding how the underlying EF(Executive Functioning) process affects one’s social development will help us build new approaches for children. These initiatives could focus on cognitive and EF components which could help develop social skills, making the intervention less anxious and more accessible.
Multicultural Education is known as an educational procedure / strategy which fuses the perspectives, writings, values, convictions, and viewpoints of people from distinct social foundations. The primary function of putting it into practice in classrooms is to allow educators to adjust or join exercises to highlight diversity and social pluralism. We will discuss various disadvantages and advantages of educational method. Multicultural education came into the limelight in the early 1970s, following the action plan for change in the education system by the civil rights struggle. The goal was and continues to be to assist, appreciate cultural diversity amongst teachers and students. Multicultural educated students are often best prepared to work in a variety of classroom or commercial establishments and have a strong social intelligence.
Race, ethnic background, nationality, language, religion, class, sexual orientation, etc. are the critical elements involved in multicultural education. Students can be constantly reminded of history, cultures, and the importance of various groups by adapting it in schools and colleges. It also promotes the ideals of inclusion, democracy, diversity, critical thinking, and sense of unity, inquiry, outlook values and many more positive traits. This teaching strategy is seen as profitable in advancing educational achievements among students of foreigners (immigrants), and it is along these lines that it is given credit to be a contributor to the school reform movement.
Many genuinely think that Multigrade or cross-cultural education’s goals and objectives are to safeguard the culture of minority groups by encouraging young people to think broadly and get to know new thoughts and critical thinking. All this quite fundamentally helps students deduct, just as it urges them to have an increasingly open worldview. As a result, students are provided with the knowledge, beliefs, and skills required to engage in social improvements, resulting in equity for ethnic groups previously marginalized and excluded.
Just like every other Multicultural Education system, there are a few benefits and drawbacks to it. The pros and cons are as follows:
Disadvantages of Multicultural Education:
Since children from diverse ethnic, linguistic and social backgrounds study together from the same education system in a multicultural classroom, making it difficult for everyone to understand the subject. There’s a possibility teachers may be struggling to find out how well the students understand the content. As not all students come from the same backgrounds this causes a language barrier. People may be non-confrontational, submissive or otherwise indirect from other cultures.
Teachers in inclusive education must be equipped to manage conflicts and misunderstandings with different values , beliefs, cultures, assertions, patterns of behaviour, etc. that tend to arise among students from different cultures.
Advantages of Multicultural Education:
Multicultural Education exemplifies students to different culture and values, and creates good understanding and acceptance of people’s differences. It instils tolerance and personal acceptance. Since it encourages cultural relevance, anti-bias classroom, challenging students to reflect without jumping to stereotypes, shaping social skills and social action resulting in people engaged in civic engagement. The method encourages students to assimilate while maintaining intact their culture and values, making them feel inclusive. It can help children assimilate without compromising their cultural identity by being culturally conscious teachers, without biasing. It facilitates promoting a community of learning, which helps to preserve a sense of pride which trust in the learning.
Starting a small business is the best way to gain freedom. Although this statement is disputable, it has sense.
Why do people decide to become entrepreneurs? They are longing for independence. Small business helps one manage his time in the way he wants. He can produce the goods and services he likes. Finally, he is able to try to be responsible and creative.
Small business is very important for the economy of every state. Small entrepreneurs contribute into the state budget a lot. It is possible to say that the complex of small and middle firms provides the country with the same profit as big business does. In simple words, a prosperous state cannot survive without small business. It is impossible to defeat poverty without small business. Thus, if you have any genuine and uncommon ideas concerning the production of useful goods and services, establish your own small firm.
Starting up is not easy
Starting a small business is not an easy thing. Whether you’re doing something as simple as business paper writing as a business or as grand as running a construction company building skyscrapers, you should be psychologically and financially prepared to numerous challenges. Moreover, it is vital to know something about business, management and marketing.
To begin with, you should study the market in order to learn about the goods and services that are required by consumers. This factor is the crucial one. When you discover that people demand an item but no one has produced it yet, you have the best chances to conquer the chosen sector of the market. Secondly, you ought to think about the price and quality of your product.
There are two options. The foremost one is the production of high-quality and expensive goods that will serve long. The second option is related to consumerism. You produce poor-quality cheap goods and attract clients with the help of the lowest prices.
Sad to say but it is difficult to choose the best option. Many people are ready to pay a lot to possess a quality item. Others avoid paying a lot and prefer cheap products.
Create a business plan
Then, you should create your own business plan that will contain the entire information about the functioning of your firm. Think about the target groups of customers, production, logistics, storage and retail.
Apparently, you should produce and store your goods somewhere. Then, you will meet with such issues as revenue and expense. You will need to hire a few employees to run your business rewardingly. Without doubt, you will have to be selective, demanding and attentive in order to recruit the right people into your firm. Finally, you will meet the problem of rent, taxation, etc. A firm resembles a household. You should pay attention to the slightest problem, question and misunderstanding if you want to increase your income and develop your small firm into something bigger.
The ups and downs
As might be expected, starting a small business has many advantages and disadvantages. The most solid strong side is independence. You do not have to work for someone else. You work for your own profit. You possess the freedom of choice and actions. If you are not respected and appreciated at work, you can embody your original and amusing ideas in your own business.
Ambitious people always try to start a small business if they receive such an opportunity. You do not need to listen to the instructions and threats of your boss when you are late. At long last, you will earn more money. You are the boss and the entire profit is yours.
Nevertheless, there are many factors that cause problems to a novice entrepreneur. You should remember that independence is also responsibility. You are responsible for your firm, its prosperity and the wellbeing of your employees. Furthermore, you are responsible for the health and life of your customers who consume your products.
You are expected to know how to develop and improve your small company beneficially. You should know how to behave in case of crisis and unpredictable situations. You should be ready to wake up at night and spend the whole day at your firm in order to settle down all urgent problems and conflicts between employees. You should be a teacher, psychologist and negotiator who is able to resolve conflicts and motivate his staff practically.
Takeaway
Starting a small business is a challenging but beneficial idea. You are able to establish you own store, café, restaurant or bakery and embody your offbeat and splendid ideas there. On the other hand, you should be ready to resist numerous challenges and work hard for the protection and development of your business.
You most likely spend at least a couple of hours each week training your body-doing cardio, weight training, or even just walking. You’re training your muscles to stay pliant and strong, your joints to stay fluid, and your body’s physical systems to run ideally. At the same time how much time do you spend training your brain? Brain training isn’t a fresh concept. It can help us remember information, recall facts more quickly, and hone our focus. Even a brief course of brain exercises can help older adults enhance reasoning skills and processing speed for ten years after the training ends, according to a recent federally sponsored research on cognitive training.
Here are seven simple daily habits you can work into your schedule to sharpen your intelligence:
1. Follow ideas through to various outcomes.
Entrepreneurs are often bedeviled with more ideas than time to deal with them in. Make it a habit to do idea exercises-come up with three potential outcomes for your next idea, even if there’s only one way you expect it to turn out. Visualize your idea in various ways. Make it a habit to take into account more alternatives.
2. Add 10-20 minutes of aerobic exercise to your day.
Aerobic activity axes your lifetime risk of Alzheimer’s in half and your risk of general dementia by sixty percent, according to John Medina, PhD, director of the Seattle Pacific University Brain Center for Applied Learning Research. Probably, you’re exercising already for the physical benefits, but if not, the fact it can keep you sharp and even enhance your creativity, should be great motivators!
3. Engage in stimulating conversation.
In reality-outside the computer or mobile phone screen. The art of tête-à-tête requires that we think on our feet, and conversing with someone smarter than you can be a fantastic exercise in quick thinking as well as a chance to learn something new. Seek out interesting people and engage them in conversation, however concise.
4. Take online courses.
You can learn anything online-even on a mobile device. Commit to learning something new everyday, whether it’s during your transit to work, on your lunch break, or in the five spare minutes you have between meetings. Better yet, make it something super useful, like learning a new language.
5. Give your brain a break.
You can’t be “on” all the time. Make productivity apps a part of your daily schedule, to automate redundant tasks that take up your time and brain space.
6. Practice a hobby.
Make sure you’re doing something that you love, every day. If your brain is continuously bogged down in work, it has no time or space to explore creative, fun ideas and concepts. In fact, some recreational activites-like playing video games or practicing a musical instrument-can help sharpen your intelligence as well!
7. Look, Listen, Learn.
Try working an array of media types into your day. Read reports, listen to podcasts, watch video clips whenever you can, and use gamified apps or sites when possible. Switch it up so you’re using more of your senses to take in information, and staying more engrossed to retain more of it. If you’re finding yourself bored to death with reading or bogged down in audio files, take a break and try a new media type.
“Travel is a fantastic self-development tool, because it extricates you from the values of your culture and shows you that another society can live with entirely different values and still function and not hate themselves. This exposure to different cultural values and metrics then forces you to reexamine what seems obvious in your own life and to consider that perhaps it is not necessarily the best way to live.”
Different people travel for different reasons. A Saleman travels round the world for his professional necessity: to meet different dealers, distributors, individual to secure orders. A professional photographer travels to capture the nature in raw form clicking the nature’s beauty, the rural emotions of simple life leading people or shooting the modern urban lifestyle. The travel addicts travel as tourist to view the different places and people created minutely by the greatest creative artist of this Universe: The Almighty! Often a person who frequently travels realize themselves in unfamiliar positions and dilemmas which creates their own problem appears like nothing. Learning is a continuous process. We learn from books, internet, school, but can also learn from experience. For a Balance Education, Travel is a vital part. Moreover, Adventure is acquired from Travel.
Culture is another aspect of life that has been affected by travelling. Today, different languages are taught in colleges and universities. Students who enroll to study these languages have the desire to travel to those countries which are dominated by the respective languages. As suggested by Andrews (2013), it’s more interesting if you are able to communicate in their language when you are a visitor. Another cultural practice that has been affected with travelling is food and mode of dressing (Bremer Mathew, 2018). Moreover, when you travel to a certain country for reasons such as studying, you will definitely get used to the food of that country. For example, some foods are used due to certain environmental condition. It’s ironical to wear heavy clothes in Saharan desert. Similarly it’s difficult to put on light clothes in some regions of the Northern Hemisphere during winter.
In conclusion, travelling can make those who xenophobic towards some people to change their perspective. As viewed by different psychologists, many people who have travelled the world tend to behave differently compared to their prior behavior. According to research, some characteristics can be acquired through environmental factors.
A lovely good afternoon to everyone soo, here i am a first user and this is my first post that would be my first choice as a topic to start a day. As i was looking after these quarantine days people are getting lethargic and working online these days. So here some points that you should kept in your mind:
While getting up have some stretching. Also most important is be happy.
Get a warm class of water with honey so that it will give a cure to your stomach and you’ll feel fresh.
While you sitting and taking an online classes so just rotate your legs so that no fat is stored in your thighs. Also rotate your wrist by this you’ll be fit and also your work been done.
Girls have recorded a pass percentage of 65.87 per cent against 60.09 per cent for boys among regular students. This year, a total of 8.93 lakh regular and 2.04 lakh private students appeared for the exams,” an official said.
Women and girls in slums mostly don’t get the privilege of education in India. Their families or communities don’t support them in this cause. When the family does not have enough finance to provide education to all of their children, there the preference is given to boys. This way most of the women are not educated and they are not able to provide it to their daughters as well. So, in this vicious cycle education of most of the girls gets neglected. The situation is so deteriorating that many girls even lack basic literacy and numeric skills.
“I want to study and become a teacher. But I don’t know how to read these books, says Lakshmi, a 9 years old girl in slums while sitting with a pile of books of her brothers.
Lakshmi lives in a family of six members – father, mother, and her three brothers. Being the youngest as well as a girl she gets the disadvantage over education. Where all her brothers go to school, she isn’t allowed.
While finance being one of the major issues, there are others too.
“In our community, girls get married at a very young age by 12-14, so what is the point of their education. Eventually, they will have to serve their in-laws. Even if we get pushy about continuing a girl’s education after marriage, she will be stopped,” says Shakuntala, Lakshmi’s mother.
“See our Lakshmi, she is already 9. We have started searching for a suitable groom for her.”
Her father cited other concerns. “ There is a fear of abuse, distance from school to home, known- availability of transports, and lack of toilets. Due to this reason, I don’t send my daughter to school even if I want to. Safety is a big concern for me. Who’s going to take the responsibility if anything happens to her.”
Slum girls brought up with this mindset make them believe they are not worth enough compared to their brothers.
“We want our sister to gain an education. But our parents say she will get married and go to a different family whereas we have to go to school too, later on, get jobs and be a breadwinner for the family,” says Kundan, Lakshmi’s elder brother.
These situations make women vulnerable and dependant on men in life. Men start to think about them as mere objects leading to crimes like domestic violence, killings.
Without education, women have less knowledge and less power to negotiate.
All these things indicate that there is a bleak future for girl children in slums. Thus, to address this emerging issue, girls should be linked to formal/informal schooling in slums and ensured that at least they will attain the primary level of education that enables them to read and write.
All of us at some point or the other have experienced exhaustion. We all at some point have set unrealistic and unachievable goals, and have been highly disappointed when they are not fulfilled. But the question to address is, Is that productivity actually productive ?
One of the most important thing to keep in mind while striving for productivity is not to over exhaust ourselves. It is worth remembering that we are human and not machines. Even machine wear and tear with time, and we are humans make up of flesh and blood, we are bound to experience exhaustion after a point.
Being productive 24×7 is not possible. Setting unrealistic goals will just disappoint you and nothing more. Toxic productivity does little for quality of work and life.
What is Toxic Productivity?
Toxic productivity is our unhealthy obsession with productivity. A toxic productive person thinks their work are never ending and never enough. It is the obsession with work where quantity matter more than quality.
Toxic productive person usually feel guilty for enjoying free time. They are mostly unsatisfied with their work. But more than focusing on constantly improving their work, they focus on the amount of work done.
Signs of toxic productivity
Toxic productivity is a serious issue. Below are some of the major signs of productivity turning toxic.
• Impacting personal life: Toxic productive person is so overloaded with work that it impacts your personal relationships. They usually are left with no time to maintain real human relationships. They therefore end up being lonely after a point of time.
• Unrealistic expectations: Toxic productive individuals end up having unrealistic expectations from their work. They set unattainable goals and become extremely disappointed when it is not achieved.
• Never satisfied: The individual experiencing toxic productivity are mostly restless and never satisfied with work. They want to achieve it all, but in no time. They think their work is never upto the mark and strive for unattainable perfection.
Deal with toxic productivity
Dealing with toxic productivity is very important for us, to be a satisfied and secured individuals. Some important key to deal with toxic productivity are as follows:
• Set realistic goals: The first step of being productive is setting goals. Not only long term goals, but focus on one day at a time. Productivity is a process. We don’t have to keep working all 24 hours. Productivity is the goal, over exhausting isn’t. Depending on your goal, set to do list for the day.
• Take breaks: Taking break is very important to increase your productivity. If we keep working without any breaks, then our brain becomes monotonous and we usually experience lack of ideas, thus our work quality ends up deteriorating.
• Meditate: Meditation calms your mind. It increases your focus. A calm and focus mind is much more productive.
• Connect with family and friends: If you have a good support network, your productivity will most definitely increase. Connecting to family and friends is very important to get out of the vicious cycle of toxic productivity. They help keeping you in proper sense and not lose your cool.
The Government of India launched a flagship scheme called Prime Minister Mudra Yojana (PMMY) on 8th April 2015 to extend affordable loans to the non-corporate, non-farm micro and small enterprises to cater to their funding needs. One of the major aims of MUDRA loans was to bring the target audience into the formal financial fold.
Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd. (MUDRA) is a new institution set up by Government of India to provide funding to the non-corporate, non-farm sector income generating activities of micro and small enterprises whose credit needs are below ₹10 Lakh.
Under the aegis of Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY), MUDRA has created three products i.e. ‘Shishu’, ‘Kishore’ and ‘Tarun’ as per the stage of growth and funding needs of the beneficiary micro unit. These schemes cover loan amounts as below:
Shishu: covering loans up to ₹50,000
Kishore: covering loans above ₹50,000 and up to ₹5,00,000
Tarun: covering loans above ₹5,00,000 and up to ₹10,00,000
All Non-Corporate Small Business Segment (NCSBS) comprising of proprietorship or partnership firms running as small manufacturing units, service sector units, shopkeepers, fruits/vegetable vendors, truck operators, food-service units, repair shops, machine operators, small industries, food processors and others in rural and urban areas, are eligible for assistance under Mudra.
Bank branches would facilitate loans under Mudra scheme as per customer requirements. Loans under this scheme are collateral free loans.
Eligibility for MUDRA Loan Application:
Enterprises and entities falling under the following categories comprise MUDRA loan eligibility.
All non-corporate non-farm enterprises.
Primarily engaged in income generation through manufacturing, trading and services.
Where the requirement of credit is for maximum Rs.10 lakhs or lower.
Engaged in allied agriculture services since 1st April 2016.
How to apply for MUDRA loan at a financial institution?
Individuals have to follow the steps mentioned below to apply for MUDRA loan:
Step 1.Keep the necessary documents ready Applicants need to have the necessary documents required to avail a MUDRA loan. These include identity proof (Aadhaar, Voter ID, PAN, Driving License, etc.), address proof (electricity bill, telephone bill, gas bill, water bill, etc.), proof of business (business registration certificate, etc.).
Step 2.Approach a financial institution Individuals can apply for a MUDRA loan with almost all leading financial institutions in India.
Step 3.Fill in the loan application form Applicants then have to fill the MUDRA loan application form and furnish their personal and business details. They also have to ascertain the amount they want to avail before knowing how to apply for MUDRA loan scheme.
Under the PMMY scheme, one can apply for 3 types of MUDRA loans:
Sishu – Covers loans up to Rs.50,000 for starting a business or for businesses in its early stages.
Kishor – Covers loans up to Rs.5 Lakh for already established businesses seeking additional funding.
Tarun – Covers loans up to Rs. 10 Lakh for well-established businesses meeting certain eligibility.
Feedback is given as a response to any performance or work submitted which aims to improve the quality of output in future. Feedback basically involves evaluation, appreciation and coaching for improvement. The objective behind feedback is to highlight the positive and the negative aspects of the performance, encourage the workers to do a better work, while also providing a guide on how to reach the desired performance.
Feedback or constructive criticism can be very effective if given in the right way. it is supposed to provide suggestions to the person so that they can learn from their mistakes and identify the areas where they are lacking. The difficult par about giving feedback is making it not sound like down right criticism. some people may put out insults and pass it around as opinions which should be taken in a constructive manner. there is a way of presenting your opinion, specifically while dealing or giving negative feedback, otherwise it may put down the morale of the listener.
The feedback giver should make it a point to not make the conversation personal and stick to the performance of the person and not his/her personality. The listener should also try to not take the criticism personally and have trust on the feedback giver.
While giving feedback, the person should make sure to not use the “feedback sandwich”. It is basically providing criticism sandwiched between praises. It may appear to be an ideal technique but it does much more damage than good. This may soften up the criticism but in actual, it renders the criticism ineffective. The listener may also start believing that the praise isn’t true. Also, be clear about what needs to be improved. If you will give any vague suggestions, it won’t help anyone. Learn to be open to others’ perspective as well. it is best that the people concerned come together, discussion the problem and try to come up with a collaborative action plan.
Therefore, people should not hesitate to acknowledge their mistakes and should help each other with “feedbacks” that would help them to grow. A positive feedback system would also help to develop a community that is not shy of its mistakes and takes every challenge in life as a step to move forward in life.
“Just a slap, but he can’t hit me” -This sentence not only reveals a dialogue of a film but also exposes the stark reality of different societies. Domestic violence is existing in almost every community in the world. The term can be classified on various grounds including some instances of violence against spouses, children or elders and transgenders. The various types of activities adopted by the attacker against the victim include physical abuse, emotional abuse, psychological abuse or deprivation, economic exploitation, abusive, taunting, etc. Domestic violence is not only a problem in developing or less developed countries, but it is also very prevalent in developed countries. Domestic violence is a reflection of our pseudo-civilized society.
Violence has no place in a civilized society. But the number of domestic violence cases reported each year underlines a worrying situation. In our country, people are being tortured behind closed doors. This shameful act of violence is also being done in rural areas, towns, cities and metros. Domestic violence across all social classes, gender, race and age groups is becoming a legacy from generation to generation. In this article, efforts will be made to find the causes of domestic violence, the impact on the society and children, and solutions to the problem.
What is domestic violence?
Domestic violence means any act that causes health, safety, life-threatening, economic loss and damage to a woman and child (child and girl under 18 years of age) and such damage that is unbearable and which causes grief and humiliation to the woman and child. All these are included in the scope of domestic violence.
Under the Domestic Violence Act, an aggrieved woman can prosecute any adult male, i.e can file a case against him.
Various forms of domestic violence in India
According to the Domestic Violence Act, 2005 in India, any women as a victim of domestic violence and children and girls below 18 years of age are protected. The various forms of domestic violence in India are as follows:
Domestic violence against women – giving physical pain to a woman – such as assault, pushing, stumbling, hitting something or physically hurting the woman in any other way, forcing the woman to look at pornography or pornographic images, Raping, abusing, humiliating, hurting a woman’s family and social reputation, humiliating a woman or girl, blaming her character, against her marriage will, threatening suicide, verbal abuse, etc. According to the United Nations Population Fund report, nearly two-thirds of married Indian women are victims of domestic violence and 70% of married women aged 15–49 in India are beaten, raped, or forcibly sexually abused.
Domestic Violence Against Men – There is no question on the fact that domestic violence against women is a serious and major problem, but domestic violence against men is also increasing gradually in India. The supremacy of men in society gives confidence that they are not vulnerable to domestic violence. Recently hundreds of men gathered in Chandigarh and Shimla, who sought protection and safety from domestic violence against their wives and other family members.
Domestic Violence Against Children – In our society, children and adolescents also face domestic violence. In fact, this form of violence is the second in the number of reported cases after violence against women. There is a lot of variation in the case of urban and rural areas and in the upper class and lower class families in India. It is treated as more personal in urban areas and is hidden within the fences.
Domestic Violence Against Elderly – This form of domestic violence refers to the violence against the elderly in the house committed by their children with other family members. This category of domestic violence is becoming highly sensitive in India. This includes beating up elders, asking them to do excessive household chores, not giving food etc. and keeping them separate from the rest of the family members.
Reasons for domestic violence
The main reason for domestic violence towards women is the senseless mindset that women are physically and emotionally weaker than men.
Including dissatisfaction with the received dowry, arguing with partner, refusing to make an intimate relationship, neglecting children, going out of the house at odd times without telling partner resulting in the barrage, oddities in the regular behaviour.
Indulging in extramarital affairs, not caring for in-laws, in some cases, sterility in women also lead to attacks on them by family members.
Reasons for domestic violence towards men include not following wives’ instructions, ‘insufficient men’s earnings, extramarital affairs, not helping in domestic activities’, not taking proper care of children, abusing husband and family, Sterility etc. of men.
Reasons for domestic violence with children may include disregarding parental advice and orders, poor performance in education or not being on par with other neighbourhood children, arguing with parents and other family members, etc.
The reasons for domestic violence with children in rural areas can include child labour, physical abuse or harassment for not following family traditions, forcing them to stay at home and not allowing them to go to school, etc.
In order to get money in poor families, there have been reports of parents selling body parts of retarded children. This incident shows the high level of cruelty and violence against children.
The main reasons for domestic violence against older people are the children hesitating to bear the expenses of the old parents. They torment their parents emotionally and beat them to get rid of them.
On various occasions, they are beaten up for acting against the wishes of family members. One of the most common reasons is the torture given to grab property.
Effects of domestic violence
If a person has faced domestic violence in his life, it is very difficult for him to come out of this fear. Negativity, gloom and apathy dominate the intuition of a person after he is perpetually a victim of domestic violence. It takes years for that person to return to the mainstream of a stable lifestyle.
The worst aspect of domestic violence is that the person suffering from it does not come back from the trauma. It is often seen in such cases that people either lose their mental balance or fall prey to depression.
This is the most dangerous and tragic situation of domestic violence that when the people whom we trust so much and live with -when they give us this kind of grief, the person loses faith in relationships and starts living solitarily. Many times people even commit suicide in this condition.
The most widespread effect of domestic violence is on children. CT scans show that children who have spent their lives in domestic violence shrink the corpus callosum and hippocampus part of their brain, affecting their learning, cognitive ability, and power of emotional regulation.
Children learn vicious and aggressive behaviour from their father. The effect of this can be seen in the violent acts of children towards other unstable and weak children and animals at times.
Girls learn cynical behaviour and often become submissive, silent or tend to run away from situations.
The quality of life of each person is adversely affected because the women who have been victims of violence take less part in various activities of social life.
Solution measures
According to the researchers, it is important to note that not all victims of domestic violence are aggressive. We can help them to get out of the mental turmoil of domestic violence by providing them with a better atmosphere.
India is still lagging behind in surveying, peering, understanding and trying to change the mindset of assailants. We are still largely ignoring the view propagated by experts that- “in order to end violence and discrimination against women and children in the true sense, we need to consider men not only as a reason for the problem but they’re also to be seen as an integral part of the solution to this.”
As a first step towards reform, it will be fundamental that men should be put in as a part of the scenario instead of putting it like “men against women”. It will be mandatory to promote the spirit of masculinity in a healthy way and get rid of old worn-out mould.
The Government has passed the Domestic Violence Act, 2005 from Parliament to protect women and children from domestic violence. To get the full benefit of all the provisions comprised in this law, it is important to understand who is the victim. If you are a woman and someone among relatives misbehaves with you, then you are suffering under this act.
India has become serious towards mental health by the Mental Health Act, 2017, but it needs to be made more effective. Policymakers need to develop mechanisms to provide benefits of professional mental health services to families recovering from domestic violence.
The government has launched schemes such as ‘One-Stop Centers’, which aim to facilitate and ensure their access to an integrated range of medical, legal and psychological services to help women who are victims of violence.
Vogue India launched a ‘Boys Don’t Cry’ campaign to spread awareness about violence against women, while the global human rights organization ‘Breakthrough’ launched a campaign against domestic violence. Both these campaigns were spectacular efforts made at the private level to deal with domestic violence against women.
The conclusion
If we really want to create an “India free from violence against women”, then the time has come that we, as a nation, should discuss this subject collectively. A good way could be to start a nationwide, sustained and prosperous social campaign.
In 2014, in a commencement speech at the University of Texas, in Austin, a US navy admiral named William McRaven stated that, “If you want to change the world, start off by making your bed! “ Making your bed is one of the key-stone habits that one must possess. This simple habit teaches you the […]
Coronavirus is a group of viruses that is zoonotic in
Nature, coronaviruses are transmitted between animals and peoples.In humans, the virus is known to cause respiratory infections that are typically mind. But
May become lethal as is happening in Wuhan.
Coronavirus disease (COVID19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.
In December 2019,a novel coronavirus called SARS-COV-2 has resulted in the outbreak of a respiratory illness known as Covid 19
Coronaviruses (COV) are a large family of viruses that
Cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe disease such.as middle eat Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-COV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome.(SARS-COV)a novel corona virus (Ncov) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans.
The new corona virus is part of a family of viruses that affect the respiratory system
It is common in animals , but a few affect humans.
The current virus originated from WUHAN PROVINCE in CHINA
COVID-19 SYMPTOMS
FEVER
COUGH
SHORTNESS OF BREATH
PERSISTENT PAIN OR CHEST PRESSURE
BLUISH LIPS OR FACE
PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT nCOV
Avoid touching your eyes ,nose ,and mouth with unwashed hands.
Avoid close contact with people who have possible symptoms
Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue,then throw the tissue in the trash.
Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces.
Avoid animals (alive or dead) animal markets,and products that come from animals (such as uncooked meet)
TREATMENT
There is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for 2019-COV infection. People infected with 2019-COV
Should receive supportive care to help relieve symptoms.
People who think they may have been exposed to 2019-cov should contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Coronavirus as a group of viruses that is zoonotic in
Nature, coronaviruses are transmitted between animals and peoples.In humans, the virus is known to cause respiratory infections that are typically mind. But
May become lethal as is happening in wuhan.
Coronavirus disease (COVID19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.
In December 2019,a novel coronavirus called SARS-COV-2 has resulted in the outbreak of a respiratory illness known as Covid 19
Coronaviruses (COV) are a large family of viruses that
Cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe disease such.as middle eat Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-COV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome.(SARS-COV)a novel corona virus (Ncov) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans.
The new corona virus is part of a family of viruses that affect the respiratory system
It is common in animals , but a few affect humans.
The current virus originated from WUHAN PROVINCE in CHINA
COVID-19 SYMPTOMS
FEVER
COUGH
SHORTNESS OF BREATH
PERSISTENT PAIN OR CHEST PRESSURE
BLUISH LIPS OR FACE
PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT nCOV
Avoid touching your eyes ,nose ,and mouth with unwashed hands.
Avoid close contact with people who have possible symptoms
Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue,then throw the tissue in the trash.
Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces.
Avoid animals (alive or dead) animal markets,and products that come from animals (such as uncooked meet)
TREATMENT
There is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for 2019-COV infection. People infected with 2019-COV
Should receive supportive care to help relieve symptoms.
People who think they may have been exposed to 2019-cov should contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Burnout is a state of emotional, physical and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. It occurs when a person feels overwhelmed, emotionally drained and unable to meet constant demands. After months of staying at home amid the Covid 19 Pandemic, family burnout is becoming an additional challenged in some households. Families across the nation are experiencing symptoms of family burnout these days. Now that schools are out for the summer and millions are currently unemployed, Partners, Parents and Children who are together 24/7 may soon feel even more desperate for a few moments alone and a return to their pre-Covid19 routines. But the current rise in cases and the delay of reopening plans in several states may signal that families will need to remain together at home even longer than they realized. However, households that are feeling togetherness fatigue can take steps to alleviate family burnout and ease the strain on their relationships.
The additional toll faced by single parents For single parents still working, now depleted of their normal childcare assistance, the pandemic may mean more to do and fewer opportunities for self-care than ever before. “In a two-parent household, division of tasks allows each parent to have some relief, but single-parent households typically take on all of these tasks themselves, which can absolutely lead to burnout quicker.” For single parents in a pandemic, there’s no partner to help, share responsibilities and there are few, if any, opportunities to get away and breathe by oneself. The result can easily lead to family burnout.
Family burnout can affect romantic relationships too Months together in quarantine can also be a strain on romantic relationships. “When one person in a relationship is experiencing burnout, the other can typically pick up the slack, but when both are, it can be a struggle to connect and feel your best.” The impact on marriages and romantic relationships is considered part of the collateral damage of COVID-19. In times of high stress, it may not always be the best thing to be locked at home together, incapable of getting the space and clear head that’s often needed to work through marital discord.
It’s not just parents and adults — kids can experience family burnout as well “Burnout in children often presents as anxiety, being irritable, poor academic performance, or staying isolated from peers and not expressing interest in playing.” A recent survey in Italy found that children are experiencing psychological impacts as a result of lockdown. They’re more irritable, having trouble sleeping, and many are regressing developmentally. “Compared to younger children, teenagers may be more likely to experience burnout due to higher academic workload, greater need for peer interaction, and more frequent conflicts with parents.”
How to reduce the impact of burnout in your household? But just because so many are experiencing burnout doesn’t mean it can’t be helped. Burnout can be prevented by having a better balance between family time versus me time. When dealing with kids who may be acting out as a result of lockdown stress, parents should try using encouragement and positive reinforcement over punishment techniques. “Having a routine for sleep, meals, and study time can help children feel prepared for the next activity and avoid some conflicts.”
I have always heard people telling me to self-reflect whenever I make a mistake. It always made me wonder how self-reflection can help me be better. It was later when I actually applied this in my life, I realized that I could not only identify my flaws but also manage my personal growth. If we ever delve deeper in self-reflection, we will realize its significance. It is very difficult to be one’s own critique. Sometimes, we tend to be too hard on ourselves while sometimes, we may find it hard to pick out our own flaws. Being objective about oneself is difficult since everyone tends to be a little bit bias but it can be developed like any other skill.
Personal reflection encourages us to do better in our lives. Its benefits can be reaped earlier if self-reflection is inculcated at an early age. For example: In school going students, self-reflection can be encouraged by making them keep a record of their improvement, helping them set their own goals and guiding them to work towards them. Writing diary entries can also be a good means to record one’s thoughts. The benefit of this will be that the children from a very young age will develop critical thinking and navigate through their own journey. They will be able to point their own lacking areas and work on them to grow.
This develops a deeper understanding of the world and people tend to generally become more self-aware and socially-aware. Reflection gives an opportunity to process the inside of one’s brain as well as outside. Practicing self-reflection takes self-discipline and a willingness to learn. When you will self-reflect, you will be able to recognize many of your weaknesses, not everyone can be easily accepting of them since all of us have some level of insecurities, so it is needed to throw that fear way and let yourself learn more about yourself.
Many people may think that it is useless and stick to doing what they have always been doing but living a life without self-reflection remains futile. Having a reflective thinking is essential to get through one’s difficult life situations. Emotions can cloud your judgments which may sway you away from looking at things from a different perspective. Self-reflection allows you to take a step-back and analyze the situation from a broader point of view and then create an appropriate response to it.
Meditation can help a lot in your journey of self-reflection. Creating a space for yourself so that you have time to self-reflect is the first step. It is basically an ability to live a well-balanced life.
Education is very important for everyone not just it call for the well educated well it become intellectual, skills, learning, abilities etc and well as it’s quite common for get degree these days to get a job. In this whole word we not understand the meaning of education, So think about it not for only in race but also enjoy it as well. and get knowledge. The education is not have any limitation to gain the bookish knowledge but also understand the rules and regulations as well know about behavior on our society. Knowledge as a process of performance based which is human brain assemble the information collected by person , actually data obtain through various sources as the education. Their are two aspects of their knowledge in which is the practical and theoretical.
We all have our version of what a perfect person is. Psychologists often call it the ‘Ideal Self’. Sometimes this ideal self is someone who is the best at math. Sometimes it is someone who is their parents’ favorite child. Sometimes it is someone who knows everything about everything.
The point is that we all have a ‘perfect’ someone in our mind and we spend most of our life trying to stand up to those standards. Unfortunately, the most of us don’t succeed.
The thing is that from the very beginning of our life, we are influenced by our surroundings. Our family teaches us basic activities like walking, running and talking. As we grow, they teach us manners and social norms one must follow for the society to us as a part of it. Our school imparts basic education by teaching us how to read and write. Apart from that, educational institutes teach us how to form opinions and ideas about anything and everything. Even our peers and friends influence our lives in several ways. As a result, we continuously form ideas in our minds. We constantly contribute to the level of standards we ‘must’ follow. Even after doing a crazy amount of hard work we are unable to become that person. It is because we set unrealistic goals for ourselves and focus on all those things that we aren’t. We want to become someone else. Someone who is ‘perfect’ according to our ideals. So, where are we going wrong?
Why is it that the percentage of successful people is less? It is because they embrace their uniqueness. They accept themselves as they are. They know their strong points and put the same level of hard work into that and become successful in that area. They improve themselves not because the society expects them to. But because they want to. They don’t want to become perfect! They just want to become the best version of themselves. Wouldn’t it be wonderful if we all do the same thing? Yes, we won’t become perfect. But we will be happy and contempt with ourselves. It can take, weeks, months, even years! But when we do get there, it will be a thousand times better than that ‘perfect’!
“Wanting to be someone else is a waste of the person you are.”
History of sari-like drapery is traced back to the Indus Valley Civilisation which flourished during 2800–1800 BCE around the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. Cotton was first cultivated and woven in Indian subcontinent around 5th millennium BCE. Dyes used during this period are still in use, particularly indigo, lac, red madder and tumeric. Silk was woven around 2450 BCE and 2000 BCE.
The word ‘sari’ evolved from ‘saatikaa’ (sanskrit: शाटिका) mentioned in earliest Hindu literature as women’s attire. The Sari or Sattika evolved from a three-piece ensemble comprising the Antriya, the lower garment; the Uttariya; a veil worn over the shoulder or the head; and the Stanapatta, a chestband. This ensemble is mentioned in Sanskrit lterature and Buddhist Pali literature during the 6th century BCE. This complete three-piece dress was known as Poshak, generic term for costume. Ancient Antriya closely resembled dothi wrap in the “fishtail” version which was passed through legs, covered the legs loosely and then flowed into a long, decorative pleats at front of the legs. It further evolved into Bhairnivasani skirt, today known as ghagri and lehenga. Uttariya was a shawl-like veil worn over the shoulder or head, it evolved into what is known today known as dupatta and ghoonghat. Likewise, Stanapatta evolved into choli by 1st century CE.
The ancient Sanskrit work, Kadambari by Banabhatta and ancient Tamil poetry, such as the Silapadhikaram describes women in drapes or sari. In ancient India, although women wore saris that bared the midriff, the Dharmashastra writers stated that women should be dressed such that the navel would never become visible. By which for some time the navel exposure became a taboo and the navel was concealed. In ancient Indian tradition and the Natya Shastra (an ancient Indian treatise describing ancient dance and costumes), the navel of the Supreme Being is considered to be the source of life and creativity, hence the midriff is to be left bare by the sari.
It is generally accepted that wrapped sari-like garments for lower body and sometimes shawls or scarf like garment called ‘uttariya’ for upper body, have been worn by Indian women for a long time, and that they have been worn in their current form for hundreds of years. In ancient couture the lower garment was called ‘nivi’ or ‘nivi bandha’, while the upper body was mostly left bare. The works of Kalidasa mentions ‘Kurpasika’ a form of tight fitting breast band that simply covered the breasts. It was also sometimes referred to as ‘Uttarasanga’ or ‘Stanapatta’.
Poetic references from works like Silapadhikaram indicate that during the Sangam period in ancient Tamil Nadu in southern India, a single piece of clothing served as both lower garment and head covering, leaving the midriff completely uncovered. Similar styles of the sari are recorded paintings by Raja Ravi Verma in Kerala. Numerous sources say that everyday costume in ancient India and till recent times in Kerala consisted of a pleated dhoti or wrap, combined with a breast band called ‘Kurpasika’ or ‘Stanapatta’ and occasionally a wrap called ‘Uttariya’ that could at times be used to cover the upper body or head. The two-piece Kerala mundum neryathum (mundu, a dhoti or sarong, neryath, a shawl, in Malayalam) is a survival of ancient clothing styles. The one-piece sari in Kerala is derived from neighboring Tamil Nadu or Deccan during medieval period based on its appearance on various temple murals in medieval Kerala.
Early Sanskrit literature has a wide vocabulary of terms for the veiling used by women, such as Avagunthana (oguntheti/oguṇthikā), meaning cloak-veil, Uttariya meaning shoulder-veil, Mukha-pata meaning face-veil and Sirovas-tra meaning head-veil. In the Pratimānātaka, a play by Bhāsa describes in context of Avagunthana veil that “ladies may be seen without any blame (for the parties concerned) in a religious session, in marriage festivities, during a calamity and in a forest”. The same sentiment is more generically expressed in later Sanskrit lliterature. Sudraka the author of Mrichhakatika set in fifth century BCE says that the Avagaunthaha was not used by women everyday and at every time. He says that a married lady was expected to put on a veil while moving in the public.This may indicate that it was not necessary for unmarried females to put on a veil. This form of veiling by married women is still prevalent in Hindi-speaking areas, and is known as ghoongat where the loose end of a sari is pulled over the head to act as a facial veil.
Based on sculptures and paintings, tight bodices or cholis are believed have evolved between 2nd century BCE to 6th century CE in various regional styles. Early cholis were front covering tied at the back; this style was more common in parts of ancient northern India. This ancient form of bodice or choli are still common in the state of Rajasthan today. Varies styles of decorative traditional embroidery like gota patti, mochi, pakko, kharak, suf, kathi, phulkari and gamthi are done on cholis. In Southern parts of India, choli is known as ravikie which is tied at the front instead of back, kasuti is traditional form of embroidery used for cholis in this region. In Nepal, choli is known as cholo or chaubandi cholo and is traditionally tied at the front.
Red is most favored colour for weddingsaris and are traditional garment choice for brides in Indian culture. Women traditionally wore various types of regional handloomsaris made of silk, cotton, ikkat, block-print, embroidery and tie-dye textiles. Most sought after brocade silk saris are Banasari, Kanchipuram, Gadwal, Paithani, Mysore, Uppada, Bagalpuri, Balchuri, Maheshwari, Chanderi, Mekhela, Ghicha, Narayan pet and Eri etc. are traditionally worn for festive and formal occasions. Silk Ikat and cotton saris known as Patola, Pochampally, Bomkai, Khandua, Sambalpuri, Gadwal, Berhampuri, Bargarh, Jamdani, Tant, Mangalagiri, Guntur, Narayan pet, Chanderi, Maheshwari, Nuapatn, Tussar, Ilkal, Kotpad and Manipuri were worn for both festive and everyday attire. Tie-dyed and block-print saris known as Bandhani, Leheria/Leheriya, Bagru, Ajrakh, Sungudi, Kota Dabu/Dabu print, Bagh and Kalamkari were traditionally worn during monsoon season. GotaPattis popular form of traditional embroidery used on saris for formal occasions, various other types of traditional folk embroidery such mochi, pakko, kharak, suf, kathi, phulkari and gamthi are also commonly used for both informal and formal occasion.Today, modern fabrics like polyester, georgette and charmeuse are also commonly used.
The outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic worldwide has affected every aspect of people’s life be it health(for those who are infected by the Corona virus) and employment and education for those who are under the lockdown restrictions. But apart from these, one that is least talked about is the detereoration of mental health of some people.
With social distancing being the new norm governing the people, those who are extrovert and loved to socialise with the people are forced to live in their houses away from their freinds and family members. When these people find no one to talk they are driven under depression and anxiety.
The prime reason as of why people are facing depression and anxiety in the pandemic outbreak is due to the financial crisis they are going through. For the elites, lockdown has provided them with leisure time to pursue a new hobby , spend time with family, cooking delicacies .But on the contrary, for the poor and middle class which contributes more than 50 percent of the Indian population, the pandemic led lockdown is a period of distress and hopelessness. These people face lack of resources to survive in this period which has rendered them unemployed.
The lockdown has excerbated the mental state of people who were already in depression in the pre- Corona time.Lockdown has provided them enough time at their disposal to think more and worry more .It is probable that these people see their future bleak in the post Covid world maybe because they are not able to perform well in their career. This is predominantly the problem of students and youth.
HOW TO TACKLE DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN THIS PERIOD?
Minimise time spent online if you are suffering from depression. Everyday updates about the rising number of corona cases and the distress of red zones will make you hopeless thinking the condition will never improve. If you are away from your family and loved ones, do not use social media very frequently. This too has a reason. The posts by your friends and family members enjoying the lockdown period will aggravate your anxiety and you will feel as if left out. Instead, it is advisable to pursue your hobby, take up an online course which interests you, talk to your family and friends over phone or video calls etc. Do anything which makes you feel happy. This will surely help.
Students on the other hand should not see a bleak future for themselves rather they should hone their skills which will ultimately help them in their career. They should talk to their parents. Noone can understand a child better than his parents.
One of the most effective ways to tackle this is to call a therapist and ask for help. There is nothing wrong in that. Everyone has to go through ups and downs and the person you are talking to is trained to provide help in these circumstances. Talking to a therapist can be of great help if you are suffering from depression, anxiety or in the worst case having suicidal thoughts too.
Final word
Anxiety and depression are seen as a taboo in Indian society. Noone likes to talk about it. But everyone has gone through this in some or other time in their life. We need to understand that depression is just an illness- a mental illness! People do get ill and they get well too. There are tonnes of examples of people who were in depression at some stage of their life and came out of it and have done wonders. That is possible provided that the person gets utmost care and support. In certain cases, of course medical help is needed.
Shopping is an action through which a purchaser looks through the accessible goods or services offered by one or more stores with the intention to buying a desirable, eye-catching and satisfactory product. It is the procedure of procuring objects in exchange for currency. Now days there are dual channels offered for shopping. These channels are online and offline. Online shopping has evolved and turned out to be the most widespread ways to buy products. It is an act of buying products or services over the various companies’ websites. An offline shopping is an old-style way of purchasing goods and services. The buyers decide which medium they would love to follow for shopping. We live in an era of technology; therefore, buyers want to take the benefit of online shopping but still there are many who don’t show trust over online sites and they prefer offline shopping in comparison to online.
Online shopping has grown into a way of life for maximum of the Indians especially women. Main motives of growing liking for online shopping are the penetration of internet, growing number of online retailers, comfort level, suppleness in delivery and rise in purchasing power plus many more. Bestowing to many researches or reports online transaction of females has doubled over in past few years. This study is an effort to analyze the buying pattern of women in online vs offline platform in respect to beauty products. The study delivers in-depth analysis of numerous aspects impacting the purchase decision
Who is a consumer? A consumer is permanently termed as an end-user individual, who consumes any product matching to their choice and utilize any services based on their liking. They are identified as an end-user for the reason that he or she is the last stop and does not normally trade the items which they have bought to others. For example, a kid buying video games and using it for playing. On the other hand, a customer/consumer is not obligatory to be the purchaser, for example, in a household when a mother go to the mall and bring cornflakes for herself and her family, all members of the family is consuming the cornflakes brought by her”. Any individual, who purchases a product or any services, might not be inevitably a user or a consumer.
The question of buyer’s buying behavior is converged on person and the elements or dynamics that influence their choices to expend their capitals on consuming products. The notions and philosophies of purchaser’s behavior are strained upon various branch of learning such as psychology, sociology concepts, anthropology, and economic principles too. Talking about Phillip Kotler, he mentioned in his studies that consumer shopping behavior is the learning of, in what manner people and administrations or organizations decide, purchase, consume and dispose goods and services or beliefs and experiences to mollify their desire and requirements.
Consumer buying behavior is the total sum of a customer’s outlooks, liking, purposes and choices concerning the consumer’s behavior in the trading floor when they are buying a product or service. Consumer shopping behavior is a manner by which buyers hunt, prefer or pay or utilize and dispose of goods and services to quench their requirements and needs. Many economists worldwide also observed shopping as an action that makes consumers utilize most of their utility function hidden inside them. It is overwhelmingly entrenched in psychological theories along with the traces of sociology attached to make things more appealing.
Coming to the question attached with Women, retail is the region for women and shopping is an act habitually seen as corresponding to female protagonist. Female go on shopping to buy both necessary and discretionary products, most of them prefer shopping as a stress reliever and they also think it is a best place to socialize. Many researchers believed female to be the most prospective consumers in the world as they deal with more or less 80 percent of the domestic overheads. It is also noted that the concept of traditional woman’s role has endured changes in arrears to the transformation in shopping fore-showed by the growth and expansion of the department store. Women are portrayed as proficient shoppers and the occurrence of their customary roles are meticulously com-modified or redefined in requisites of commodities. Women behave contrarily from men because of biological, neurological, and behavioral dissimilarities between the two. These disparities in turn make an impression on their buying behavior. On the other side, men make themselves aware with abundant knowledge of a product or service through internet, advertising, journals etc. Female endeavor to get advantage from others’ expertise by asking people around them. Women are more link with their hunches and emotional state and have the propensity to live better bonded with their family, groups, networks and even brands. Female set their judgements and precedence not only corresponding to their desires but also bestowing to persons in her personal circumnavigate. Henceforward, it is influential to position a product, brand or a departmental store in a way by keeping few things in mind- how they will help her and other people present in her life. Practically in every single society, women have crucial care-giving household responsibilities for both teenagers and the ageing people and every so often, everyone else in-between. In this crucial care-giving position, women discover themselves buying on behalf of every person part of their lives. What does it mean? If you are involved in a consumer business, it signifies that women are compound markets link up in one. What a beguiling pretext to study the imprint of gender in the sales and marketing process. Every time we supply great service to woman, their comes a multiplier impact on your business since women characterizes a broad range of other prospective customers, and will probably inform people about the significant service you proffer. By and large, men stereo-typically do not have the character of primary shopper for their homes and so they incline to scrutinize shopping in a more different approach. A better knowledge and identifying of “Women buying behavior to online shopping” would indisputably streamline better market penetration in the women subdivision, but there is a scarcity of knowledge in this segment of research.
Water is a main component of saliva. Saliva also includes small amounts of electrolytes, mucus, and enzymes. It’s essential for breaking down solid food and keeping your mouth healthy.
Your body generally produces enough saliva with regular fluid intake. However, your saliva production may decrease as a result of age or certain medications or therapies.
If your mouth is drier than usual and increasing your water intake isn’t helping, see your doctor.
Staying hydrated is crucial to maintaining your body temperature. Your body loses water through sweat during physical activity and in hot environments.
Your sweat keeps your body cool, but your body temperature will rise if you don’t replenish the water you lose. That’s because your body loses electrolytes and plasma when it’s dehydrated.
If you’re sweating more than usual, make sure you drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration.
Water consumption helps lubricate and cushion your joints, spinal cord, and tissues. This will help you enjoy physical activity and lessen discomfort caused by conditions like arthritis.
Your body uses water to sweat, urinate, and have bowel movements.
Sweat regulates body temperature when you’re exercising or in warm temperatures. You need water to replenish the lost fluid from sweat.
You also need enough water in your system to have healthy stool and avoid constipation.
Your kidneys are also important for filtering out waste through urination. Adequate water intake helps your kidneys work more efficiently and helps to prevent kidney stones.
Drinking plenty of water during physical activity is essential. Athletes may perspire up to 6 to 10 percentTrusted Source of body weight during physical activity.
Hydration also affects your strength, power, and endurance.
You may be more susceptible to the effects of dehydration if you’re participating in endurance training or high-intensity sports such as basketball.
Negative effects of exercise in the heat without enough water can include serious medical conditions, like decreased blood pressure and hyperthermia. Extreme dehydration can cause seizures and even death.
Eating fiber isn’t the only way to prevent constipation. It’s also important to maintain your water intake so your bowel movements contain enough water.
If you don’t consume enough water, magnesium, and fiber, you may be more likely to experience constipation.
If you’re already constipated, you may find that drinking carbonated waterTrusted Source as well as plain water can help ease your symptoms.
Contrary to what some believe, experts confirm drinking water before, during, and after a meal will help your body break down the food you eat more easily. This will help you digest food more effectively and get the most out of your meals.
Research showsTrusted Source the body adapts to changes in the consistency of food and stomach contents, whether more solid or more liquid.
In addition to helping with food breakdown, water also helps dissolve vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients from your food. It then delivers these vitamin components to the rest of your body for use.
Studies have linked body fat and weight loss with drinking water in both overweight girlsTrusted Source and women. Drinking more water while dieting and exercising may just help you lose extra pounds.
Water carries helpful nutrients and oxygen to your entire body. Reaching your daily water intake will improve your circulation and have a positive impact on your overall health.
Drinking water may activate your metabolism. A boost in metabolism has been associated with a positive impact on energy level.
One study found that drinking 500 milliliters of water boosted the metabolic rate by 30 percent in both men and women. These effects appeared to last over an hour.
Proper hydration is key to staying in tip-top cognitive shape. ResearchTrusted Source indicates that not drinking enough water can negatively impact your focus, alertness, and short-term memory.
Adequate water intake will help keep your skin hydrated and may promote collagen production. However, water intake alone isn’t enough to reduce the effects of aging. This process is also connected to your genes and overall sun protection.
Dehydration is the result of your body not having enough water. And because water is imperative to so many bodily functions, dehydration can be very dangerous.
Severe dehydration can result in a number of severe complications, including:
swelling in your brain
kidney failure
seizures
Make sure you drink enough water to make up for what’s lost through sweat, urination, and bowel movements to avoid dehydration.
Being attentive to the amount of water you drink each day is important for optimal health. Most people drink when they’re thirsty, which helps regulate daily water intake.
about 15.5 cups of water (125 ounces) each day for men
about 11.5 cups (91 ounces) daily for women
People get about 20 percent of their daily water intake from food. The rest is dependent on drinking water and water-based beverages. So, ideally men would consume about 100 ounces (3.0 liters) of water from beverages, and women, about 73 ounces (2.12 liters) from beverages.
You’ll have to increase your water intake if you’re exercising or living in a hotter region to avoid dehydration.
Other ways to assess hydration include your thirst and the color of your urine. Feeling thirsty indicates your body is not receiving adequate hydration. Urine that is dark or colored indicates dehydration. Pale or non-colored urine typically indicates proper hydration.
Water is important to nearly every part of your body. Not only will hitting your daily recommended intake help you maintain your current state of being, it may even improve your overall health.
Here are some ideas for how you can be sure you drink enough:
Carry a water bottle with you wherever you go. This way you can drink whenever the need strikes.
Keep track of your intake. Aim to take in optimum amounts every day, a minimum of half your body weight in ounces.
Pace yourself to approach half of your recommended consumption by midday. You can always finish about an hour before you plan to sleep.
There have been strong motive to reduce the amount of meat in our daily dite.So that Jackfruits the perfect replacement of meat.So that every year on July 4th it is Observed as “Jackfruit Day”. On this day people will also celebrate as “Independence from Meat Day”.This Jackfruit day was created by the “Jackfruit.com”.The main aim of this Jackfruit.com is to raise awareness of this incredible fruit and how it serve to break our dependence on environmental damaging meat products. The Scientific name of this Jackfruit is “Artocarpus Hetrophyllus” and it belongs to the family called “Moraceae”. Its native place of South and Southeast parts of Asia and it grows upto 3 feet in length and weight up to 35 kilograms in total.All over the global there are over 100 different types of Jackfruits are available. Jackfruit is Bangladesh National fruit and Kerala’s State Fruit. In North India this fruit is known as “Kathal”.
“Jackfruit is the best example of nothing is same from both outside and inside , It may look Ugly from Outside, but it is Sweet from inside“
The growing stage of Jackfruit provides different Therapeutic uses and in additional to the sweet taste and smell every part like bark,flowers, leaves, roots,pulps and seeds of the tree is used for Medical Benefits. 140 grams of Jackfruit provides 133 Calories. It has 10% Magnesium, 7% Omega-3, 13% Potassium, 5% Vitamin A, 21%Vitamin C, 12%Vitamin B1, 6%Fiber, 3% Calcium, 4% Iron, 35% Vitamin BC, and it is rich in Antioxidants. It helps in regulating the Cancer,Fever,Diarrhea and it helps in mainly in control of Blood Pressure. The seeds of this Jackfruit tree taken as Medicine and it is taken by mouth for Diabetes. Its paste is applied to the skin for Poisonous Bites. Wood of the Jackfruit tree is used to make Musical instruments. Jackfruit is boiled and used in curries as a staple food ,The Young boiled Jackfruit is used in Salads or in spicy Curries and for filling for Chops and Cuttlets. Make sure that you prepare atleast one dish with this Jackfruit on this “Jackfruit Day” and share with your beloved ones. Once again happy “JACKFRUIT DAY”.
An interesting idea has been in the works in Uttar Pradesh which is planning to use Doordarshan, All India Radio and community radio to promote audio-based learning among students.
The last few days have finally seen a flurry of activities by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD) and various regulators including CBSE, NCERT etc. to find alternatives to ensure the continuation of education. While this may not be a good time to address the seriously low expenditure on education in India, the lack of seriousness towards the sector can be gauged from the fact that HRD was kept in Category C (the lowest category) for expenditure – i.e. the said department will have to restrict expenditure to within 15% of that budgeted for Q1, 2020-21.
Amidst this background, the department and regulators have started moving towards developing an online mode of education – as, hopefully, a stop-gap arrangement. NCERT has released an Alternative Academic Calendar for four weeks of home-based activities for different subjects. For example, activities like categorising objects including eraser, pencils, cloth, pulses etc. to teach the concepts of colours, shapes and sizes have been suggested for the students of Class I-IV.
For Class V students, teachers will be conducting classes through internet-based platforms, in the absence of which SMS and voice recordings can be sent. However, it has not been explained how voice recordings can be sent without the internet. Certain states including Uttar Pradesh are planning to launch high-quality ed-tech applications along with using e-resources suggested by the MHRD including e-pathshala etc.
However, amongst this whole discourse of moving education online, there has hardly been any discussion surrounding the practical issues of implementation, as well as various socio-economic factors which define the Indian education ecosystem.
Limited internet availability
The 75th report of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) for 2017-18 highlights some of the major issues that this new model would have to address. All India percentage of households having internet facilities stands at 23.8% with rural availability at 14.9% and urban at 42%.
The problem does not end there, as having a facility does not mean it would be used. The percentage of people who were able to use the internet (all-India) stood at 20.1% with rural at 13% and urban at 37.1%. Additionally, only 10.8% of people in India had used the internet in the last 30 days. It is important to note that these statistics vary vastly among different states across the country. For instance, Bihar stands at the lowest (9.1%) for individuals who have used the internet in 30 days, while Delhi has the highest number (49.1%) of such individuals with bigger states like Maharashtra (26%), Rajasthan (15.3%), Andhra Pradesh (14.8%) etc. being in the middle.
These statistics strike at the core rationale of using the internet as a mode to impart education, and highlight how a majority of the country would be left out of the quest to achieve basic education in the months to come.
Increased responsibility of parents to educate their wards
Another important pillar of the new model is the increased role that parents play in educating their wards. Take, for example, the NCERT guidelines which – surprisingly has progressive methods of teaching to improve the analytical, quantitative, and logical reasoning abilities of the students – all key factors which our regular model of teaching and learning does not have. However, the guidelines presume that the parents will have the academic intellect to impart education to their students. But statistics highlight otherwise.
The same NSSO survey, quoted above, highlights that 26.1% of the population above 15 years of age is ‘not literate’, while a further 18.9% have attended formal education up till primary school, 16.2% each have attended middle (Class V) and secondary (until Class VIII). This constitutes a whopping 77.4% of total India’s population – who may not have the adequate level of education needed to teach children in the house. The situation at the rural level is even more dire, with 69.6 % of the population being in the spectrum of ‘not-literate’ to ‘middle school’.
Loss of nutrition due to school closure
While the above factors touched upon the modality of the education, there is an even more basic issue at stake. The closure of schools has serious implications on the daily nutrition of students as the mid-day meal schemes have temporarily been shut. As of March 31, 2019, close to 12 crore students across the country were provided with food under with mid-day meal schemes.
This is close to 60% of the total students enrolled throughout K-12 education (the actual percentage is likely to be more, as mid-day meal only caters to students till Class VIII). Various studies have pointed out that mid-day meals are an important contributing factor for increased enrolment (~30%) in the schools.
These factors highlight a very dangerous scenario for the K-12 education sector in our country. Our learning outcomes in K-12 education do not inspire much confidence, in the first place, as has been pointed out repeatedly in various ASER reports by Pratham.
The loss of possibly half a year – if not the full academic year of 2020-21 – is going to further deteriorate the situation, as students would have difficulty in resuming schooling again after a huge gap. Additionally, the loss of income for a considerable population in India is going to further exacerbate the situation – CMIE’s data suggests that 11.9 crore people have lost employment in the two weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown. Investment in education is not going to be a priority, amongst disadvantaged households, and we might see a dip in enrolment, when and if, schools are opened.
Possible solutions
While the damage to the sector is similar to the damage every sector across the world is facing, it is possible that with some careful planning, we might be able to limit the long-term consequences of this prolonged shutdown.
To begin with, the districts in the green zone should be allowed to open schools – after analysing them further over the next few days. So far, there are 318 districts such in the country – which will likely cover a majority of the school children. Eventually, 292 yellow zone districts – which may turn to the green zone in the next few days or weeks – should also allow schools to open.
Strict social distancing measures should be implemented, and to limit the number of students, classes may run in two four-hour shifts. While this strategy would not result in finishing the quarterly curriculum, this will at least reduce the gap in learning that students are likely to experience if schools continue to remain shut for long. This may also help in addressing the possible increase in drop-outs due to the long shutdown.
This leaves the government with 107 districts which are in red and orange zones. It might not be possible to open schools in these areas any time soon, thus, there is a need to deploy public funds to fix the internet gap and ensure that students continue to learn. Some state government have come up with ideas to address this concern.
The Delhi government had mooted an interesting idea to provide data packages to the students of Class X and XII. While this is likely to have certain implementation challenges – particularly the misuse of data for objectives other than learning – smart technology solutions can be found. Use of the internet can be restricted to specific applications prepared by the government. Similarly, another interesting idea has been in works in the state of Uttar Pradesh which is planning to use Doordarshan, All India Radio and community radio to promote audio-based learning among students who do not have access to the internet.
Additionally, there is a need to develop a financial stimulus for the education sector primarily targeting low cost private aided and unaided schools – which are likely to witness a reduction in fee collections, due to income losses. Various states, including Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh have already announced that schools should not pressurise parents to pay fees.
However, a move like this is going to have a spillover impact on the incomes of teachers at such low-cost private schools. As of 2016-17, close to 28 lakh teachers were employed in private unaided schools, and further 8.3 lakh in government-aided schools. A more rational system could be to allow a reduced percentage of the fee in schools which are partially working (red and orange zone), with full fees for schools which would be fully functional (green and yellow).
Wherever relevant, a grant-in-aid could be issued for specific schools on a case-to-case basis to bridge income and expenditure. The powers for the same can be devolved to the district authorities to ensure a more localised approach.
While understandably, India as a developing country does not have unlimited resources, certain core sectors including education cannot simply be left as the last priority. Similar to other sectors, which are witnessing a staggered opening, the education sector – particularly the K-12 education system – needs to be opened in a staggered way.
These 12 years of education are crucial for every student and are the base years that will support the upward social and economic mobility of disadvantaged classes. A long and unplanned hiatus is likely to shatter the dreams of many and further harm the country in the long-term with a less-educated workforce. We need more talented and skilled individuals to get us out of the possible recession that the world is going to face and dropping the ball on education, is not going to help the cause.
I will go for “Panipuri” its an Indian street side snack, that has a crisp puffed Indian bread (puri), stuffed with mashed spiced potatoes/chana(gram)/ragda (a curry of white peas), dipped in sweet(tamarind and date) and spicy(Pudina, coriander and chilli, with pinch of lemon) flavored water.
Panipuri or Phuchka is a type of snack that originated in the Indian subcontinent. It consists of a round or ball-shaped, hollow puri, filled with a mixture of flavored water, tamarind chutney, chili, chaat masala, potato, onion or chickpeas.
Why? I am sweet at times and spicy(angry) at times, and thats what makes me and my life. If you are new to me, you will see a rock sheer cover on my mind, you will feel i am arrogant (Hitler like, the most common adjective awarded to me), but once you try and be friends with me, to crack that layer, there is much more you couldn’t even wonder about me.
I am unpredictable. I can be a sweetest heart soemtimes and an angry bird at times. If you are are new to me, you would think I am arrogant (Probably a Hitler) but as you befriend me, you shall wonder if you ever knew me.
There is something comfortingly familiar about eating a humble pani puri – a crispy hollow ball made of semolina or wheat, filled with spicy potatoes and topped with tangy, spicy tamarind water made fragrant by mint leaves and black salt.
It may sound like culinary chaos, but that this spicy, crunchy wonder is absolutely delicious is something almost Indians will agree on.
Served by vendors from a setup that gives the word ‘utilitarian’ a run for its money, pani puri (also called golgappa, phuchka and a multitude of other monikers) is, in every sense, a material manifestation of the elusive emotion called “simple joy.” This innocuous street snack is also a great leveller – at a pani puri stall, you will see besuited businessmen step out of sleek cars to join the queue alongside the city’s poorest residents.
So how and where did this culinary gem really originate? Many believe that the answer lies in the history of the kingdom of Magadh.
One of the 16 Mahajanapadas (great kingdoms in Sanskrit) of ancient India, the Magadhan empire was situated on the banks of River Ganga in what is now west-central Bihar. Lively accounts of Magadh and its capital, Pataliputra, are available in the travel diaries of the Greek historian Megasthenes and the Chinese Buddhist pilgrims Faxian and Xuanzang.
It is believed that phulkis (the precursor to pani puri) first originated in Magadh at a time when several traditional specialities of the region, like chitba, pitthow, tilba and chewda of Katarni rice, were evolving. The culinary genius who invented them is lost in the pages of history, but if Indians had known who invented pani puri (or whatever you call this yummy snack), they would have thanked that person for generations!
There is another legend associated with the origin of pani puris. This is how it goes:
In the epic Mahabharata, a newly-wedded Draupadi returns home to be given a task by her mother-in-law Kunti. The Pandavas were on exile and Kunti wanted to test if her new daughter-in-law would be able to manage with the scarce resources.
So she gave Draupadi some leftover potato sabzi and just enough wheat dough to make one puri, instructing her to make food that would satisfy the hunger of all five of her sons. It is believed that this was when the new bride invented pani puri. Impressed with her daughter-in-law’s ingenuity, Kunti blessed the dish with immortality.
While the origins of this delicious snack is yet to be pinpointed with historical accuracy, the one thing that is clear is that pani puri travelled across India and made the country fall head over heels in love with it. Over the years, the combinations underwent many changes as each region developed its own version according to its preferences.
As a result, pani puri today has almost a dozen different names that changes from region to region. In most parts of central and southern India, it is called pani puri but the recipes have subtle variations. While in Maharashtra, hot ragda (white peas curry) is added to the potato mash, in Gujarat, it is boiled moong and in Karnataka, it is chopped onions.
While the origins of this delicious snack is yet to be pinpointed with historical accuracy, the one thing that is clear is that pani puri travelled across India and made the country fall head over heels in love with it. Over the years, the combinations underwent many changes as each region developed its own version according to its preferences.
As a result, pani puri today has almost a dozen different names that changes from region to region. In most parts of central and southern India, it is called pani puri but the recipes have subtle variations. While in Maharashtra, hot ragda (white peas curry) is added to the potato mash, in Gujarat, it is boiled moong and in Karnataka, it is chopped onions.
In West Bengal, pani puri is called phuchka, probably due to the ‘phuch’ sound it makes when you take a bite. The unique feature of the phuchka lies in the fact that it’s made of wholewheat, unlike the other that are usually made of flour or semolina. The phuchka water is also a little spicier and tangier than that used in the rest of the country.
An exceptionally clear point on programmer’s proposition is PC and PC hacking. PCs are mind boggling and appear to be hard to learn, however on the off chance that you have time, your PC will be extremely advantageous and intriguing. Have you heard every one of those abnormal PC terms? For instance, Javascript. Javascript is fundamentally a coding languages utilized when composing Internet pages. Have you at any point been to the web and have you seen writings or recordings on the screen? It is totally done in the Java language.
We as a whole asked that Web locales and organizations were hacked. However, what does “hacking” mean? In the first form, programmers basically implied finding better approaches to get things done with PCs and programming. This can be something to be thankful for (improving the exhibition of something) or a terrible thing (finding a PC you can not get to). Today, programmers are utilized as a conventional expression for a wide range of vindictive action, for example, information break, website page fouling, bank misrepresentation. Normally, even the assailant’s modifying expertise isn’t included. It is additionally blamed for criticism. Okay prefer to post a few words that you lament saying to web-based social networking? “Apologies, my record has been hacked”
Today, new issues are spreading to programmers. Since the stage exchanges an enormous measure of cash, programmers are prepared to split these individuals’ records. Online networking promoting gives interfaces to clients and ensures client data and assets. Also, we use it as a disseminated approach. Online life showcasing likewise gives specialists to shield client accounts from hacking exercises. Accordingly, we built up a security framework as a couple of steps to give high security to the proprietor. Online life promoting has built up a basic correspondence framework since normal individuals and corporate associations cooperate. In this way, drawing in individuals’ fascination through this stage is simple. Individuals can impart insights and recommendations via web-based networking media advertising stages, for example, visit, instant messages, video calls, videoconferencing, and phone calls. This open door will take individuals to business associations and advance individuals’ desire activities.
However, as of now, hacking has an increasingly negative ramifications as is the term programmer. Hacking which is done on demand and includes an agreement of terms and conditions permits approved access to the objective and henceforth alluded to as moral hacking.
PC and system security go under the invasion when the data about potential assaults is attempted to be assessed to decide the shortcomings and provisos in the framework. Helpless web-setups, old or freely tie programming, dormant or impaired security controls and frail or low-quality passwords are a few instances of territories that make PC systems and frameworks powerless against assaults. Moral hacking includes recognizable proof of all or any such potential regions dependent on the recommended terms in the agreement and the degree of access given.
Eric Raymond has a superior definition to hacking in his aggregation ‘The New Hacker’s Dictionary’ as: A “great hack” is a shrewd answer for a programming arrangement and “hacking” is the demonstration of doing it. Moral hacking enables the association to all the more likely ensure its framework and data and is viewed as a feature of an association’s general security endeavors.
Programmers could plan to take organization’s significant data and furthermore render hurt the protected innovation and other touchy data. Organizations may likewise run into the difficulty of confronting possible claims if programmers take client data by getting into their frameworks.
Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning focuses on the development of computer programs that can access data and use it learn for themselves.
The process of learning begins with observations or data, such as examples, direct experience, or instruction, in order to look for patterns in data and make better decisions in the future based on the examples that we provide. The primary aim is to allow the computers learn automatically without human intervention or assistance and adjust actions accordingly.
But, using the classic algorithms of machine learning, text is considered as a sequence of keywords; instead, an approach based on semantic analysis mimics the human ability to understand the meaning of a text.
Some machine learning methods
Machine learning algorithms are often categorized as supervised or unsupervised.
Supervised machine learning algorithms can apply what has been learned in the past to new data using labeled examples to predict future events. Starting from the analysis of a known training dataset, the learning algorithm produces an inferred function to make predictions about the output values. The system is able to provide targets for any new input after sufficient training. The learning algorithm can also compare its output with the correct, intended output and find errors in order to modify the model accordingly.
In contrast, unsupervised machine learning algorithms are used when the information used to train is neither classified nor labeled. Unsupervised learning studies how systems can infer a function to describe a hidden structure from unlabeled data. The system doesn’t figure out the right output, but it explores the data and can draw inferences from datasets to describe hidden structures from unlabeled data.
Semi-supervised machine learning algorithms fall somewhere in between supervised and unsupervised learning, since they use both labeled and unlabeled data for training – typically a small amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data. The systems that use this method are able to considerably improve learning accuracy. Usually, semi-supervised learning is chosen when the acquired labeled data requires skilled and relevant resources in order to train it / learn from it. Otherwise, acquiring unlabeled data generally doesn’t require additional resources.
Reinforcement machine learning algorithms is a learning method that interacts with its environment by producing actions and discovers errors or rewards. Trial and error search and delayed reward are the most relevant characteristics of reinforcement learning. This method allows machines and software agents to automatically determine the ideal behavior within a specific context in order to maximize its performance. Simple reward feedback is required for the agent to learn which action is best; this is known as the reinforcement signal.
Machine learning enables analysis of massive quantities of data. While it generally delivers faster, more accurate results in order to identify profitable opportunities or dangerous risks, it may also require additional time and resources to train it properly. Combining machine learning with AI and cognitive technologies can make it even more effective in processing large volumes of information.
Everybody feels that solitary taking somebody’s private information is Cyber Crime. Be that as it may, in characterizing terms we can say that ‘Digital Crime alludes to the utilization of an electronic gadget (PC, PC, and so on.) for taking somebody’s information or attempting to hurt them utilizing a PC
Furthermore, it is a criminal behavior that includes a progression of issues extending from robbery to utilizing your framework or IP address as a device for perpetrating a wrongdoing.
Digital Crime Essay
Kinds of Cyber Crime
Talking in a broadway we can say that Cyber Crime are classified into four significant sorts. These are Financial, Privacy, Hacking, and Cyber Terrorism.
The monetary wrongdoing they take the cash of client or record holders. Similarly, they additionally took information of organizations which can prompt monetary violations. Additionally, exchanges are intensely gambled as a result of them. Consistently programmers took lakhs and crores of rupees of specialists and government.
Protection wrongdoing incorporates taking your private information which you would prefer not to impart to the world. Additionally, because of it, the individuals endure a great deal and some even end it all due to their information’s abuse.
In, hacking they deliberate mutilate a site to make harm or misfortune the general population or proprietor. Aside from that, they devastate or make changes in the current sites to reduce its worth.
Advanced psychological oppression has developed path past what it was 10-20 years back. Be that as it may, digital psychological oppression isn’t simply identified with fear based oppressors or psychological militant associations. Yet, to danger some individual or property to the degree of making dread is likewise Cyber Terrorism.
Digital Crime in India
Web world or the internet is an enormous network of millions and billions of clients and sites. Likewise, individuals get to it for various utilizations like shopping, motion pictures, music, computer games, exchanges, and web based business, and so on.
In this Age of Technology and simple access to the web, anybody can without much of a stretch arrive at it. In light of this relentless development from the earlier decade. Moreover, the web has opened a universe of data on which anybody can associate.
Because of, this the pace of wrongdoing particularly the pace of Cyber Crime has expanded a lot of overlap. In addition, the pace of dissemination of information is likewise expanded a lot of overlay because of the higher speed of web. Most importantly, because of every one of these issues, the Cybersecurity has become a significant worry for society.
Laws identified with Cyber Crimes
To stop the spread of Cyber Crime and to protect the enthusiasm of individuals the administration has made a few laws identified with Cyber Crimes. Likewise, these laws fill in as security against Cyber Crime. Aside from that, the administration has additionally presented digital cells in police headquarters to counter the issue of Cyber Crime as quick as possible.
Methods of halting Cyber Crime
Digital Crime isn’t something which we can’t manage our self. In like manner, with little utilization of our sound judgment and rationale, we can prevent Cyber Crimes from occurring.
To finish up, we can say that Cyber Crime is a hazardous offense to somebody’s protection or any material. Additionally, we can stay away from Cyber Crime by following some essential coherent things and utilizing our presence of mind. Most importantly, Cyber Crime is an infringement of law as well as of human rights as well.
Although many people see education system as the best way to socialize and instruct young children, each year there are growing numbers of parents talking about putting their children in home-school.
Assuredly you will recognize a variety of benefits of doing this, but the fact still remains that something is “lost in translation” between possibilities available to the public and at home. Fortunately, it seems as though robots are picking up the slack in home-schooling ecosystems.
Home Schooling Problem:
To understand how robots change education in home-school settings, you first need to learn the issues surrounding at-home educations. Though supporters of the public school often argue that home-schooled children are left at a loss, the statistics suggest otherwise. Children that are taught in this atmosphere actually attend university at rates equal to or higher than their counterparts.
It is also worth noting that researches have shown behaviour problems for home-schooled children. Yet there are some considerable differences when it comes to their teachers. For example, in many states no accreditation or training is required to teach your kids. In fact, there are even states that do not predict teaching at home about holding a high school diploma. None of this is to suggest that home-schooling parents can’t have a decent education. However, there have been some subjects where all may benefit from artificial intelligence (AI).
The benefits of robots
If you have kids and want to home-school them, you should rest assured that, practically speaking, they’ll be all right. Actually you’re going to be in fine company. The number of home-schooled children is increasing significantly of 2-8 per cent per year. However, when doing this it is necessary for all of us to consider our limitations. Luckily, robots have evolved enough to help conquer those limits. One only has to consider different languages to realize how important home schooling robots can be. Only one in five Americans can speak a foreign language, but in their curriculum, many jurisdictions do have a requirement for foreign languages. Fortunately, artificial intelligence is used by the ROYBI robotic system to educate kids a variety of languages in which parents may not have experience.
It’s also worth noting that the system is constantly evolving to teach other subjects — as AI certainly should. The new educational emphasis is on STEAM (science, technology, engineering, humanities, and math), and in these subject areas, ROYBI is continually introducing new content.
Where are we going from here?
As robotic world continues to develop, many are now questioning whether artificial intelligence will completely replace classroom teachers. Home-school family would also have the option of using robots to fully teach their own children if this were to happen. While the cost may seem prohibitive, consumer robots like ROYBI have enabled AI to be brought into the home.
Luckily, it seems as if AI is moving to a point where it can deal with children on an emotional level. For example, ROYBI can recognize facial expressions and respond to apparent emotions in an acceptable manner. Obviously this is no substitution for actual human interaction, which can never be excluded from public or home-school settings, but because machine learning increasingly encourages robots to behave more objectively, these artificial interactions can become essential aspects of the learning process.
Home-schooling is growing in popularity every single day, and while success rates are impressive, it is important to remember that several teachers’ parents cannot do the job. However, with the improvement of artificial intelligence and robotic technology, there is little wonder that one day everything taught in public schools can be learnt at home. While there is disagreement about whether in-home learning can provide equivalent or higher education, home-schooling robots may one day make that fact unquestionable.
The World Economic Forum ‘s Future of Jobs Report has forecasted that 65 per cent of children entering primary school today will eventually wind up working in entirely new types of jobs that do not yet occur. The world is changing at such a rapid pace that today’s high-paid jobs didn’t even exist five years ago-and it’s hard to predict what kind of jobs we ‘re going to do in another five years. The reason for that big shift? It is rise of Software industry.
The question here is how we prepare our children for the future, there’s only one solution to this situation: Learning to code. Both parents and teachers believe that programming is a well-structured way of introducing children to logical thinking and problem-solving in a country like India, where the education system struggles with a lack of vision, facilities and outdated curriculum. This also trains them for a data-science and computer science driven job market.
Fewer than 10 percent of schools taught mathematics before the Industrial Revolution, each school introduced mathematics after the turning point, because that was the centre of the revolution. For us now, coding skills are what mathematics was to the Industrial Revolution: underestimated at the time, but extremely valuable generations later.
Now we’re in the middle of the computer revolution, and it’s the same concept: schools need to recognize the benefits of coding as a skill. For Chinese parents, teaching children code is just as important as teaching them math and Chinese. Indeed, even before they enter pre-school many Chinese kids are vulnerable to coding. A lot of Indian parents now also teach pre-school coding to children. A huge number of coding and programming centres in New Delhi, Mumbai, Gurgaon, and Chandigarh serve these needs in India.
Almost all of these places use a shared pool of tools and technologies — such as Code Studio, LightBot, Botley, or MIT’s Scratch — created for a foreign market where coding teaching is already a flourishing industry for children. The aim is to cultivate the ability in a child to develop a meticulous sequence of commands in a language which the computer understands.
In the next 5-10 years, it would not matter what school kids are attending school, but how digitally savvy these kids are, especially with the introduction of 5 G technology that would be paradigm shifting and upend conventional teaching methods. Economists estimated the total economic impact of 5 G on new products and services to reach $12 trillion by 2035 as 5G tries to move mobile technology from connecting with people to people and information, to connecting people to everyone. Hi-tech kids today are learning from the same books I used 10 years ago during my school time. Our school system promotes rote learning, and that promotes conformism in children rather than curiosity. There is a repetitious raj of learning which governs our schools.
If we don’t implement coding in schools then our kids will be in a massive disadvantage and the future will be shaky. In 2017, Delhi-based ed-tech start up Eupheus Learning launched Cubetto which was introduced at about 300 primary schools across India. Cubetto’s innovation is the block-based coding language intended for pre-literate-year children. It is a screen-less coding solution that teaches infants the basics of programming.
Most kids learn to tap and press and hold in the digital age of today before they can speak cohesively or walk. Its wireless pacifiers, friends and entertainers are smartphones and tablets. To do so, children do not need to be qualified in reading or writing because stories and pictures are used to illustrate the concepts.
We can’t rely on the government to formulate policy, top-down approaches are lethargic and bureaucratic that takes a lot of time to implement which our kids don’t have. In the 4th Industrial Revolution, parents and educators would have to take a proactive approach or our children will be left behind.
The importance of training can be discussed under the following heads:
(i) Advantages of standardization:
The methods of production are standardised through training. All trained employees follow same methods and techniques of production and hence there can be little variation in output and standards produced by different employees. By using standardised methods, the quality of output would be increased.
(ii) Increasing organisational stability and flexibility:
Training provides opportunities for the employees to learn an acquire skills to work in several departments in an organisation. Training also results in low rate of labour turnover which means high consistency in organisations in retaining people for long period of time.
Low labour turnover means high organisational stability. Flexibility is ensured because employees may be placed in several departments over a period of time as they acquire multiplicity of skills through adequate training
(iii) Heightened morale:
Training results in increased morale of employees because of reduction in dissatisfaction at work, reduced complaints, and reduced absenteeism, and increased interest in work during the post-training period. Heightened morale results in increased loyalty to the organisation.
(iv) Reduced supervision and direction:
A trained employee knows what job he has to do and how to do that job and requires no guidance and supervision. Supervisors can devote their time to solve more important problems rather than concentrating on constant and regular supervision.
(v) Economical use of resources:
A well-trained employee makes better and economical use of available resources (materials, machines, and equipment). Optimum utilisation of resources results in reduced cost on production and higher profits.
(vi) Increase in productivity:
Training brings about increase in quantity and quality of goods produced resulting in high productivity.
(vii) Future manpower needs:
Through proper training employees become eligible for promotion handling more responsibility. An expanding and growing organisation wishes to train the existing employees so as to place them in higher positions in future.
(viii) Better industrial relations:
Training provides a platform for maintaining smooth industrial relations. Employees develop a feeling that organisation is taking care and interest in them through training programmes.
(ix) Reduced accidents at workplace:
Untrained people are bound to commit errors while handling machinery and equipment resulting in incidents at workplace. Training eliminates (reduces) the possibility of incident due to mishandling of equipment, machinery, and other resources of the organisation.
Proper training and development programmes ensure safety in handling the organisation’s resources which results in reduction in the accident rates.
(x) Reduced learning time:
An untrained worker consumes a lot of time to learn the methods, technique of doing the work. Skilled and trained employees reach the acceptable level of performance within no time. Therefore, training results in reduced learning time.
Career counselling plays a vital role in the student’s life. There are several roles played by career counselling in the making of a student to a professional as discussed below.
Development of Student: By teaching the subjects to students cannot develop them intellectually. Self-knowledge is the factor which enhances the intellectual of learners. It is the forgotten factor in our educational system. So, it’s the primary focus of the counselling process. Counselling helps the students to understand their self so that they come to know about their needs and interests.
Determine the Potential: There are various students who have clear thoughts about what they want to become, whereas, on the other hand, there are various others who are either in dilemma or have no idea about their career preferences. Career counsellors conduct the regular aptitude tests and counselling sessions which can help students in finding out the right career options and the fields in which they show interest. On the basis of these counselling results, students can make the right selection regarding in which course they want to enrol in order to accomplish their career goals.
Clear the Doubts: Despite having a clear thought of what students want to achieve in their life, some students do not know the career path they need to follow to have the requisite academic qualification to join a particular course. Career counselling can help students clear these doubts by giving them a clear cut view of what they can expect from various educational courses. Some students might also have several doubts about certain fields. Career counselling also helps students to overcome these doubts by knowing the true facts.
Support and Motivation: A career counsellor also provides essential support and boosts the morale of a student by understanding the kind of requirements and nature of the candidate because building the motivational level of a student is necessary for long-term success. This aids in improving the overall performance of a student. In addition, career counselling also teaches how to expand your social network which further enhances emotional support.
Various Career Opportunities: Career Counselors are well aware of the jobs in the market and the skills that are required for specific fields. For instance, there are many rewarding fields such as bartending, ethical hacking, astrophysics, etc. that are still un-tapped and many people are not aware of these streams. There are also other careers such as Aviation and Defense, about which you may not know how to get into them. Hence, with the help of their experience and knowledge, a career counsellor helps you explore and discover various career opportunities for career selection and growth.
In Case of Loss of Job: A career expert or other advisor can help recently unemployed customers to adapt to practical issues like applying for unemployment benefits and taking care of health insurance etc. In fact, he or she can enable the customer to start with the job searching process. They can likewise get motivation and guidance from experts and, through support groups, from other people who are in a similar circumstance. They prove to be useful from both a mental and technical perspective.
Clarity on Future Goals: Every student has set a goal to achieve in his life. There are various question roaming in the mind of students like what ambitions or targets do you have? Where do you see yourself five years from now? The best aspect of career counselling is that it is objective and strategic. A clear picture of your goal can be created informing you about where you will head and what obstacles you will face on this journey. After having a serious discussion with the counsellor, you should be confident of the fact that the future you are heading for is fun-filled and something that you will be able to stick on to for long.
Ideal Courses: These professionals provide you with the best information about the ideal colleges and courses in India as well as overseas. If you want to stay in India and study over here then you might have some knowledge about the future aspects of the courses which you want to do. But if you want to go overseas for studies and for career growth, you might not have all the information related to that country’s market. You do not know whether the future for that field is growing or diminishing. In this case, career advice from experts is the best way to understand the prospects of an option in different countries.
Aim Leads to Success: A counsellor can help the students to choose the right aim and help them with the process of achieving it. Furthermore, an experienced counsellor can help them with a well-planned track to reach the goal. A step by step career map of reaching the goal in a realistic manner helps the students to achieve their desired career faster. With right goal setting, a person can attend career success over a very short time period.
Education is the best investment one can ever make in life. For a developing nation like India, every child should receive a quality education. It can not only change the health and livelihood of people, but also contribute to long term economic growth and social stability.
However, despite great progress in last few years, lakhs of children are still denied education. The lack of education is a big reason that transmits poverty from generation to generation. The society still doesn’t realize that right to education is a vital human right granted to every citizen.
Although it is true that not every individual without an education is living in extreme poverty, but most of the poor lack education. The ones living below poverty line keep their children out of school, which means their children will also have a greater chance to live in poverty.
Education is considered as a great equalizer which can open door to jobs, skills and resources that a family needs to thrive and survive. Access to good quality education and supporting child well being has been recognized as a solution to poverty. Not just this, it helps the communities to solve other issues that keeps them vulnerable. Not just this, it helps these communities to solve other issues as well that can keep them vulnerable.
Education is directly related to may solutions in terms of poverty, like:
Reduce income inequality
Economic growth
Reduce infant and maternal deaths
Reduce vulnerability to HIV & AIDS
Reduce stunting
Reduce violence at home and society
According to UNESCO, if all children in low-income nation just get basic reading skills, an estimated 171 million people could come out of poverty. And if all adults receive secondary education, the global poverty could be cut by more than half.
Children are the future of any nation.The children who receive quality education are empowered to grow into mature and skilled adults who are capable of picking employment. Education is the key under which several issues related to health, unemployment, population control and human rights can be solved.
Educated individuals are more likely to escape all troubles of life like ecconomic and social despair. On a larger scale, the rewards of individuals getting education also flow into the society, motivating other, thus can have an impact on the entire country. An educated country always flourishes and always progress far better as they can achieve better healthcare and economic independence. It will make people more independent.
There are many solutions to improve the situation between poverty and education. Teachers should be provided incentives for teaching in low-income zones. Better resources and funding should be provided in school for poor.
All this sums up enabling communities to come out from the state of poverty.
Python is an easy-to-learn and easy-to-use programming language that offers simple and interactive coding, making it powerful enough to build versatile applications. It has a large developer community that makes application development easy even for a novice user. It is very productive. YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest are all built-in Python. iPython offers a powerful and interactive programming platform. Output can be readily seen as in a calculator with the execution of a single line of code. Some of the noteworthy features/applications that can be created easily using Python are : • Python for physicists: Calculating the Altitude of a satellite, mass and moment of inertia of objects in Planetary orbits, the wavelength in the light spectrum, Arithmetic mean involving logarithms, etc. • Creating and Modifying PDF Files, Extract Text or pages From a PDF using PdfFileSplitter Class Concatenating and Merging, Encrypting and Decrypting. • Scientific Computing and 2D, 3D Graphing using NumPy (for Matrix Manipulation) and SciPy , PIL ( Python imaging library) & matplotlib library for Plotting Graphs. • Designing Graphical User Interfaces – Add GUI Elements With, Introduction to Tkinter , Working With Widgets . Example App: Text Editor. • Interacting with the Websites using the urllib module, get the web page’s HTML source and then use regular expressions to parse Text using an HTML Parser to Scrap the required information ( from the website content). • The comprehensive libraries supported by Python helps in solving optimization, signal processing, statistics, interpolation, linear algebra, polynomial problems, etc. • It can deal with large data from PDF,CSV,XLS,JSON files etc. Advanced big data toolkit like Pandas or PyTables can be used to easily connect to the Database. They can handle heterogeneous tabular data structures with labeled axes (rows and columns) of multidimensional size and mutable type. Normalization and standardization of data can be done with ease. This again proves the versatile feature of python. • Speech recognition application can be easily created using python. • Multithreading using GIL ( Global Interpreter Lock) and message passing interfaces between processes can be implemented using Python. It can be done using POSIX interface. Not all these services or features are available on all platforms. (especially Windows/Mac). • Generators can be added to Python to allow computation with sequences without having to actually create a data structure to contain the values of the sequence. This can give you large savings in memory. • Regular expressions- Python include matching characters, pattern matching using the search options, finding out the multiple instances, and backslashes. • Used to design network components, web servers, perform socket programming, encoding/decoding of a message, Encryption, and cryptography. • Used to perform distributed computing with multiple machines. • Python facilitates performing Exploratory data analysis by visualizing the data to assess patterns and identify data characteristics using Univariate and multivariate data visualization, correlation functions. • Python supports web-based application frameworks such as Django, Turbogears, Pylons, etc. Web programming can be done using CGI scripting. • Other Python libraries such as TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch, and OpenCV are used in data science, machine learning, etc. It’s also used to create Neural networks in Artificial Intelligence. Drawback: It is not ideal for mobile app and game development .This is because it consumes more memory and its processing speed is slow. Conclusion : Python is feature-rich and helps the user to build versatile applications productively ( in less time) and with ease.
For detailed and reliable information on python , you can refer this source by clicking on the link (https://www.python.org/doc/).
While the country applauds the actions of the defense forces on the borders, the citizens are largely unaware that each unit of the fighting and supporting arms of the Army are battling an acute shortage of officers. Indian military which has an onerous task of defending the country’s more than 15,000 kilometres long border and 7,500 kilometres long coastline is facing an acute shortage of officers. Indian military forces may be gaining firepower at a fast clip, but they surely are bereft of manpower. Against an authorized strength of 74,000 officers, the Army, Navy and Air Force currently have only 65,000, limiting their ability to run their operations efficaciously. This is a worrisome situation for the country that shares long boundaries with hostile neighbors and facing internal security challenges in border states in the north and northeast. Indian military forces have an onerous task of guarding the country’s borders stretching 15,106 kilometres and a 7,516 kilometres long coastline.
“There are three main causes: harsh service environment and everyday risk to life in the line of duty, pay and perks in the military and avenues for promotion are not as appealing as is the case with civil services and the third thing is the very attractive pay and package available in the corporate sector, these are the main reasons behind the shortage of officers,”
– Lt. General (retd) Rameshwar Yadav.
There are various methods of getting into the armed forces, starting from after Class XII in the NDA to the graduation level for the national academies and a host of other technical and non-technical entries. The entrance test for these officer-rank entries features a gruelling selection mechanism which culminates in a personality evaluation by services selection boards. Leadership traits are an important part of this evaluation. The pass percentage at the officer level is 2-5 per cent of the students who clear the written exam. After the selections, the trainees — generally referred to as ‘gentlemen cadets’ — undergo training at the elite academies, which develop them into leaders who are fit to take up the leadership role in combat and non-combat units. Those who are allotted the services are also made to undergo 1-2 years of attachment in the combat units, thus making them familiar with the operational environment.
India which has 1.4 million active duty personnel in three branches of its military is surrounded by two hostile neighbors on its northern and western borders and has fought four wars with them and these border disputes with both Pakistan and China continue to seethe. As per the latest official data, the authorized strength of officers in Indian Army in March 2018 was 50,028. Even so, four months later, in July this year, there were only 42,734 officers. The shortage of 7,294 officers or 14.57% of the authorized strength. In case of Indian Navy, as on October 2018, there were only 9,925 naval officers against the authorized strength of 11,415 officers, this is a shortage of 1,457 officers in Indian Navy or 12.76%. It seems that among the three branches of Indian military, Indian Air Force is the only force that is able to attract the talent in a much better manner. As on 1st July 2018, Indian Air Force had 12,392 officers as against the authorized strength of 12,584 officers, a shortfall of just 192 officers or 1.52%. Indian armed forces have adopted several policies to fill the gap but they appear to be less than successful. Of late, the government has implemented several measures including increasing the allowances for difficult area posting but it has apparently been unsuccessful to attract the required talent.
Hong Kong’s anti-government protest started in June against plans to allow extradition to mainland China. The extradition bill which triggered the very first protest was introduced in April. It would have let criminal suspects to be deported to mainland China under certain circumstances. Opponents said this put the Hongkongers at risk to unfair trials and violent treatment. Critics feared this could erode judicial independence and endanger dissidents. They also argued the bill would give China greater authority over Hong Kong and could be used to target activists and journalists. A large number of people gathered on the street in opposition. After weeks of protests, leader Carrie Lam ultimately said the bill would be suspended sine die.
HOW DID THE SITUATION ESCALATE?
Protesters feared the bill could be reintroduced, so demonstrations persisted, calling for it to be withdrawn completely. By then clashes between police and protesters had become more incessant and violent. In September, the bill was finally extracted, but protesters said this was “too little, too late”. On 1 October, while China was commemorating 70 years of Communist Party rule, Hong Kong went through one of it’s most “violent and chaotic days.” An 18-year-old was shot in the chest with a live bullet as protesters grappled officers with poles, petrol bombs and other projectiles. The government then prohibited protesters wearing face masks, and in early November a pro Beijing lawmaker was knifed in the street by a man pretending to be a supporter. A week later, a policeman shot one protester at spitting distance when activists were trying to set up a road block. Later that day another man was set on fire by anti-government demonstrators. In November, a standoff between police and students barricaded on the campus of Hong Kong’s Polytechnic University became another defining juncture. Later that month, the territory held local council elections that were seen as a barometer of public viewpoint. The vote saw a grand slam victory for the pro-democracy movement, with 17 of the 18 councils now controlled by pro-democracy councillors.
WHAT DO PROTESTERS WANT?
Some protesters have taken up the motto: “Five demands, not one less!” These are:
For the demonstrators not to be characterized as a “riot”
Pardon for arrested protesters
An independent inquiry into asserted police brutality
Implementation of complete universal franchise
The fifth demand, the extraction of the bill, has already been met. Protests in favor of the Hong Kong movement have spread across the globe, with rallies taking place in the UK, France, US, Canada and Australia. In many cases, people supporting the protesters were confronted by pro-Beijing rallies. Chinese president Xi Jinping has forewarned against separatism, saying any attempt to divide China would end in “bodies smashed and bones ground to powder”.
WHAT IS HONG KONG’S STATUS?
Hong Kong is an erstwhile British colony handed back to China in 1997. It has its own judiciary and a independent legal system from mainland China. Those rights comprise freedom of assembly and freedom of speech. But those freedoms – the Basic Law – lapse in 2047 and it is not clear what Hong Kong’s status will then be.
Limitation is the word which can be good if want to be average.Limitation is the word which put barrier in front of our imagination be it any kind of limitation,but do u want to be average? of course Not,right?
Those who dare to imagine the impossible,are the one’s who break all the human Limitations!!
Dr.Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
We need to expand the horizon of imagination.Never think that something will newer work ,just try go forward with it .It will definitely not as easy as it said but there is always barriers along the way there will be always the people who doubt you ,but this doesn’t matter if u believe in Ur ability to achieve something u dream of.Always remember No energy conversion from one form to another take place until there is some one to oppose the conversion.Let’s understand it by example when us stops its space shuttle program US was sending it’s astronauts to space station through Russian space shuttle .Once one Russian minister trolls America by saying that “If we do not help US to send astronauts to space they only has Trampoline do it “in short us cannot do it then their astronauts can left only jump on bubbles on earth.This triggered US people who can imagine impossible i am talking about ELION MUSK (space X) .He imagined impossible, someone doubting his country gives him motivation and now space X has sended two astronauts to space with total US made space ship.Isn’t it fascinating!
Every one who say’s u can’t is giving u motivation and fire needed to achieve great.Every hurdle or failure is opportunity to grow and improve.So Go ahead Imagine impossible and make it possible because U CAN!!
“Technology will not replace great teacher’s but technology in the hands of great teacher’s can be transformed”
Education is a form of learning where we can see the transmission of knowledge, skills from generation to generation. 21st century is also regarded as century of technology. Technology brings education to student’s doorstep.
Technology in education can be classified as:
Technology as learning tool.
Technology as teaching tool.
History:
It goes back to many years to know about technology in education. At the end of world war-II US started using projectors.Digitalized communications and networks in education started in mid 1980’s. In fall of 2015, more than 6 million students enrolled in atleast one online course and still the count is growing rapidly.
Role of ICT in Education:
Information and communication technology (ICT) plays a major key role for students today as it has a significant and good effect on student success and learning. ICT includes television, computers, internet etc. when used appropriately and in a good way it can strengthen and raise quality of education. This ICT includes databases, spreadsheets, statistical, and graphical programs, etc. It is also likely that science and technology teachers are better trained and equipped.
Advantages of technology in education:
Technology helps students in preparing in their future career either in academics and non academics.( online books, exams, course, etc.)
It helps students to learn there own interests which helps in developing their individuals.
Easily accessible to learning materials.
(As present world is running around internet it is very easy to a student to access materials)
Proper understanding of a subject by using record keeping.
Using audio and visual materials helps students to learn things interesting.
Accurate exam conducting and grade awarding.
Limitations of technology in education:
Distraction to some students.
(Inappropriate websites which distracts student from there respective work)
Students (programmer’s) involving in cyber crime.
Can be expensive to keep updated.
There are some health issues too when used over limit.
Some Ways to use technology in education:
Creating webpage includes writings, arts, quizes.
(Creating webpage helps students to learn things in creative way as it includes some writings, discussions, etc)
Video conferencing
Spread sheets
Creating class newspaper
(Newspaper gives us lot of information today if it’s a classroom newspaper it is really interesting to know things around a student in class)
Creative powerpoint presentation including picture, audio, videos.
(videos, pictures helps students to think in practical way, and it may some time leads to innovation).
Conclusion:
Technology has a very positive impact on education and should eliminate the drawbacks which are pulling back many students learning.And it’s time for every country to include more technologically equipped education for student’s future.
China’s economy is dealing with many challenges, including from the China-U.S. trade war.
However, options are tilted in China’s favour because the country is far less dependent on India’s market than India is on Chinese imports
India is considering a range of economic measures aimed at Chinese firms amid the border tensions. The move to ban 59 Chinese apps may be just the start, with other measures likely to follow if tensions along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) continue without disengagement.
Following the June 29 ban, Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari announced on July 1 that Chinese companies would not be allowed to take part in road projects.
Reports have said the government is considering trade and procurement curbs targeting China. The government is also increasing scrutiny of Chinese investments in many sectors, and weighing a decision to keep out Chinese companies from 5G trials, in which they are now involved.
The moves could potentially cost Chinese companies billions of dollars in contracts and future earnings. The message from Delhi is it cannot continue trade and investment relations as normal if China does not agree to return to the status quo of April before its incursions along the LAC began.
The Chinese government and State media have hit out at the measures. In separate statements, China’s Foreign Ministry in Beijing and the Chinese Embassy in New Delhi called on India to review the moves. The embassy said the measures “selectively and discriminatorily aims at certain Chinese apps on ambiguous and far-fetched grounds” and “goes against the general trend of international trade and E-commerce, and is not conducive to consumer interests and the market competition in India.”
State media have also widely criticised calls in India to boycott Chinese goods. The Global Times quoted one expert as saying “the sheer irrationality” of the campaign “would only end up dealing a blow to the local people in India”.
China is itself no stranger to such moves, having frequently deployed economic countermeasures, from restricting market access to boycotting goods in the midst of its own disputes with countries ranging from South Korea and Japan to the Philippines and Mongolia.
China’s State media spearheaded a boycott of South Korean goods in 2016 and 2017, when Seoul deployed the U.S. Terminal High-Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile system. China then placed curbs on outbound tourism to South Korea, costing the country millions of dollars in tourism revenue. China also used regulatory measures to close almost 90 Korean-owned Lotte Mart stores in the mainland.
In 2010, China began restricting exports of rare earth elements to Japan – a key ingredient for many electronics industries – following a collision near disputed East China Sea islands. Two years later, mass protests were organised by China over the islands issue, which led to boycotts of Japanese brands and, in some instances, violence targeting Japanese branded-cars and stores. With the Philippines, a dispute over the Scarborough Shoal in the South China Sea in 2012 led to China curbing imports on bananas and restricting tourism, costing the country millions of dollars in revenue.
Coercive actions
Economic sanctions have been one of the key tools of Chinese coercion, according to Zhang Ketian, who is writing a book on Chinese coercion and is assistant professor of international security at George Mason University. Based on interviews with Chinese experts and policy documents, Ms. Zhang noted that coercive actions were selective and focused on “targets when economic cost of coercing is low” but the impact is high.
With South Korea, for example, China did not target all sectors. “It left exports of Korean semiconductors, key intermediate goods for Chinese companies, untouched. Seoul relented in October 2017 by issuing a list of assurances meant to clarify to China that Seoul would not expand the scope of THAAD,” said a 2018 report on “China’s use of coercive measures” from the Centre for a New American Security.
The report said China “has punished countries that undermine its territorial claims and foreign policy goals with measures such as restricting trade, encouraging popular boycotts, and cutting off tourism.”
In all those relationships, China had particular leverage that it used to inflict immediate economic pain.
In the India-China economic relationship, where trade is lopsided in China’s favour, both sides have different levers that they could turn to, but the options are tilted in China’s favour because China is far less dependent on India’s market than India is on Chinese imports.
India’s biggest lever is its market, which has emerged as one of the important overseas markets for Chinese companies in the technology space and in telecom. For TikTok, one of the 59 apps banned, India is the biggest overseas market with more than 100 million users according to estimates. While the parent company ByteDance reported modest earnings of $5.8 million in 2018-2019, its first full year in India, company officials said the move could cost billions of dollars in future revenue. A source close to the company told the Chinese finance magazine Caixin that ByteDance “is anticipating a loss of more than $6 billion, most likely more than the combined losses for all the other Chinese companies behind the other 58 apps banned in India.”
A move to restrict Chinese companies from India’s 5G rollout would also have the similar effect of costing hundreds of millions of dollars in potential revenue.
If India does have considerable leverage that could hurt potential revenues of Chinese companies, the problem for Delhi is China could inflict immediate economic pain should it choose to. In 2019-20, India’s imports from China accounted for $65 billion out of two-way trade of $82 billion, and the country relies on China for crucial imports for many of its industries, from auto components to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Between 70 and 90% of APIs, needed for the pharma industry, come from China.
Industry representatives have in recent days already expressed concern over delays in customs clearances. If China curtailed imports as it did with Japan, even if doing so incurred its companies limited costs, the consequences would be far more serious.
Difficult choices
India faces difficult choices and needs to be selective in its measures, said former Foreign Secretary Shyam Saran. “You have to choose areas where you don’t get hurt more than they do,” he said. “TikTok is a good candidate as India is their largest market. Telecom is another. This is a huge market for Huawei. You may stop them for 5G, but at the same time a large part of the infrastructure you already have in place in the 4G network is all Chinese, so we will still need Chinese maintenance and servicing.”
The problem for India is its overall leverage with China is such that it cannot inflict serious pain on the five-times-larger Chinese economy as a whole, even if it could hurt individual companies. This, while India remains deeply dependent on Chinese goods, whether they are procured from China or elsewhere, although China’s exports to India account for less than 3% of its overall exports. On the investment front, Chinese investment in Indian tech start-ups has crossed $4 billion, according to estimates, spanning major investments in companies including Paytm, Swiggy, Ola and Flipkart.
“What do we do, for example, with Paytm?” asked Mr. Saran. “If we stop these investments, we will pull the rug out of the entire ecosystem. The problem is we are far more dependent on Chinese imports than China is dependent on us as a market. Losing a contract to India may cause some pain to companies, but will have a minimal impact on the scale they are operating. If China stops exporting APIs, there will be major disruptions in our pharma industry since producing APIs locally will take time.”
Whether the targeted economic measures will influence Beijing’s behaviour on the border will ultimately depend on China’s calculus and whether Beijing views any perceived gains from the current border stand-offs as outweighing the not insignificant economic costs of losing a key potential market. Moreover, losing this market would come at a time when the Chinese economy is facing its own challenges in the wake of the pandemic and facing increasing barriers in many Western countries.
Data from the department of telecommunications showed that between March 22 and March 28, Indians consumed an average of 307,963 TB or 307 petabytes (PB) of data.
This was a hike of 9% from the 282,282 TB or 282 PB of data used on March 21, the day when the “janata curfew” was announced, and a hike of 13% from March 19, when the consumption was 270 PB. (Bloomberg file photo. Representative image)
India’s internet consumption rose by 13% since the nationwide lockdown was put in place to check the spread of Covid-19, according to telecom ministry data that showed Indians consumed 308 petabytes (PB) or 308,000 terabytes (TB) of data daily on an average for the week beginning March 22.
According to the department of telecom, which collated reports from service providers, the daily average consumption in this period was 9% higher than 282PB data used on March 21 (the day the janta curfew was announced) and 13% more than March 19, when consumption was 270 PB.
The change reflected how people consumed more streaming content and logged on to work from home, which was also captured in how data demand from residences rose as compared to commercial areas.
The consumption, DoT figures show, peaked on two days — March 22 and March 27 — when 312 PB of data was used. On March 26, 311 PB of data was consumed. The lockdown, announced on March 24, began on March 25. On March 22, India was put under a voluntary, one-day curfew.
Since the first week, however, consumption has now stabilised around the 300PB mark.
The data in one PB is equivalent to 500 billion pages of standard printed text.
Andhra Pradesh and Bihar saw some of the most drastic increase – it rose by 12% in both states. In Maharashtra, where data consumption was highest among all states under the lockdown period, the increase was 7%.
The government said that that increase was within their capacity. “We have the capacity to handle a spike of 20% without any duress. We optimised the fibre optics network and have not yet reported a breakdown,” said a DoT official, asking not to be named.
The consumption, the official added, rose lower than it would have since many streaming services such as YouTube and Netflix decided to downgrade video quality.
Rajan Mathews of the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI) said around the third week of March, operators recorded a 30% jump in traffic with most of it from people streaming videos. The COAI wrote to OTT sites to downsize their content.
The decision by media companies to disable high-quality video and optimise bandwidth usage helped networks meet the increased demand, Mathews said, adding that the operators also started using unused cell towers.
“With the consumption moving to residential places, the challenge was that these areas resist installation of cell towers. We worked with the government to ensure that of 800 unused cell towers in metro cities, 730 were made functional,” said Mathews.
A third factor that helped, according to Mathews, was operators being allowed to carry out maintenance work. “Complaints of cuts in fibre optic cables were about 100 a day on an average, this fell down to 6-7 a day,” he said.
India’s consumption rates have seen a steady increase over the last few years. Nokia’s annual Mobile Broadband India Traffic Index (MBiT) report says that there was a whopping 47% jump in the overall data traffic in India in 2019. This translates to 11 GB a month per user, and is driven by 4G consumption.
SpeedTest, a site that analyses internet access performance across the globe, in its latest report on tracking COVID-19’s impact on speeds around the world which was updated on April 15, showed a 6% decline in fixed line speeds and 18% in mobile speeds when compared to the week of March 2. As per the report, India’s current broadband speed is an average of 36.17 mbps and mobile download speed is 9.67 mbps.
While the report put India behind countries like China, Austria, Japan, Israel and UAE, in terms of mobile and fixed broadband performance, it was ahead of countries like Italy, France, Germany, and Canada.
Rajesh Chharia of the Internet Service Providers Association of India (ISPAI) said that while the strain has not increased, internet service providers (ISPs) should be allowed to share infrastructure. He said that it’s a long-term demand, which is awaiting the Centre’s nod.
“If the infrastructure of a provider is full, they may be allowed to overload it with the infrastructure of another to spread the network. This will ensure uninterrupted services,” said Chharia.
The proverb ‘we live in deed, not in years ‘,means that longevity of one’s life is not measured in the number of years one lives, rather it is measured by good deeds done by one throughout his life. Human life is a gift of God and comes with an expiry date. Death is ultimate external truth. The only difference is that some men live a long life and some die young .A short life can made glorious by virtuous deeds. It is much better than a long life which is of no use to others. A noble life backed by the virtues makes an individual life is not about mere existence in this world. Age should not be the criterion of life. Instead one should leave a mark on others lives with his good deeds. Bhagat singh was hanged to death at a young age. However, even today he is remember as a true patriot who sacrificed his life for the nation, swami Vivekananda, mickel Jackson, etc are some famous people who have lived a short but worthy life. All this great men are remember for their noble deeds and great achievement in their respective fields .Their have been an inspiration to many.
All the living being on this earth are the creation of God . The purpose our life should be to do good to others and help them. If throughout our life we are unable to do any good to others, then life is worthless. A selfish person may live long but after his death, nobody remembers him. If at all someone remembers him, it is for his selfish attitude and vices. Good deeds, moral values, and virtues should be the cornerstone of our lives.
It is true that life and death are not in one’s hands and are guided by the will of ‘Almighty ‘.But making our life valuable and worth remembering is definitely in one’s hands. One must set short and long term noble and work in order to achieve them. Nobel deeds are not only about giving a lot of money to charity.
One should always remember that good deeds only live after us. Everyone should try to do something useful for the society so that we may remembered even after we have left this world for ever.
It has much more dimension to it. Small deeds such as being kind and polite to others ,helping the needy and blind person, teaching the poor children, etc are some of the noble deeds that one can do throughout his life span. The human life is about selfless action, gestures and deeds. We all need to strive in order to make the best use of the precious gift of life. Always remember, one crowded hour of a glorious life is worth than age without a name or a good deed.
Teenagers are likely to experiment with substances. Experimentation plays the biggest role in teenage drug abuse. Reports suggest that half of all new drug users are under the age of 18. This is because their brains aren’t fully developed, so they don’t have the decision making capabilities as adults. Their decisions are very spontaneous. Teens who abuse drugs have a greater risk of developing an addiction when they turn into adults. As such, teen abuse can have long term cognitive and behavioral effects since the teenage brain is still developing. Teenagers tend to abuse drugs for the following reasons : • Curiosity • Peer pressure • Stress • A desire to escape • Emotional Struggles
Signs of Teen Drug Abuse There are many signs that a teen is using drugs. It can be difficult to tell the difference between the pangs of adolescence and actual drug use, but parents can be proactive in talking to their teen to find out what’s going on. Some common signs of teen drug abuse include: • Bad grades • Bloodshot eyes • Laughing for no reason • Loss of interest in activities • Poor hygiene • Diminished personal appearance • Avoiding eye contact • Frequent hunger or “munchies” • Smell of smoke on breath or clothes • Secretive behavior • Unusual tiredness • Missing curfew It’s up to parents to initiate a conversation with their children if they suspect drug use. One in five parents who suspect their teen is using drugs do not intervene to prevent further drug use.
Common Drugs that Teens Abuse The most common drugs abused by teens aren’t much different from those of adults. But the reasons for abuse may be different as teens often abuse a substance based on its accessibility. Teens are also more likely to take excessive amounts of drugs and alcohol because of how they perceive the risks and dangers. • ALCOHOL Alcohol is the substance most commonly abused by teens. The social acceptance of drinking among people of legal drinking age can lead many teens to view alcohol as relatively harmless. Research suggests teens are more likely to binge drink because their impulse control hasn’t fully developed. • MARIJUANA Regular marijuana users most often started during their adolescence. The perceptions of marijuana use among teens is changing; most high school seniors do not think smoking marijuana occasionally carries any risk. More than 20 percent of teens report having used marijuana at least once in the past month.
Addiction Treatment for Teens Many teens have a tough time dealing with sadness or other stresses common during adolescence. It is understandable that they may think having a drink or a little marijuana can offer relief. The best way to deal with stress, however, is to seek emotional support or find someone to talk to. If a teen has already tried quitting or reducing use and failed, then it’s important to receive treatment as soon as possible. There are treatment centers designated for teens that target the emotional and social issues that led to their drug use. Most teen treatment centers also offer educational support so teens in recovery don’t get behind in school. The earlier an addiction is recognized, the easier it is to treat.
Fashion has always excited me but what excites me more is the history of fashion. As a student of history, I have a habit of developing interest in everything that has a past. Clothes- a very integral part of fashion have a rich history which we must explore. Today, I’m going to introduce you to the clothing of the Mughal Era. Mughals, for those of my readers who are unaware of these great dynasts, form a very important part of India’s history and even after so many years, continue to dominate its culture. The Mughal clothing was characterized by luxurious styles and was made with muslin, silk, velvet and brocade. Elaborate patterns including dots, checks, and waves were used with colors from various dyes including cochineal, sulfate of iron, sulfate of copper and sulfate of antimony were used.
Men wore long and short robes and coats including the chogha (clothing), a long sleeved coat. A “pagri” (turban) was worn on the head and “patka”, an adorned sash, was worn on the waist. “Paijama” style pants were worn (leg coverings that gave the English word pajama). Other clothing types included: “peshwaz” style robes and “yalek” robes. Women wore “shalwar”, churidar”, “dhilja”, “garara”, and “farshi”. They wore much jewelry including earrings, nose jewelry, necklaces, bangles, belts, and anklets.
Pagri styles included: “Chau-goshia”, in four segments, the dome shaped “qubbedar”, “kashiti”, “dupalli”, embroidered “nukka dar”, and embroidered and velvet “mandil”. Shoe styles included jhuti”, “kafsh”, “charhvan”, “salim shahi” and “khurd nau” and were curved up at the front. Lucknow was known for its shoes and threading embroidery with gold and silver aughi during the era. Mughal emperor turbans usually had turban ornaments on them. They were made of gold and precious gems such as rubies, diamonds, emeralds and sapphire.
The Mughal period was one of the most popular eras of jewelry making, which is well-documented through chronicles and paintings. In fact the earlier Mughal paintings indicate that the era of Akbar’s reign gave anew life into the art, crafting a range of exotic designs. The Mughals contributed in almost all fields of development of jewelry. The use of jewelry was an integral part of the lifestyle, be it the king, men or women or even the king’s horse. Women were known to have as many as 8 complete sets of jewelry. Popular ornaments included two-inch-wide armlets worn above the elbows, bracelets or pearls at the wrist stacked high enough to impede access to the pulse, many rings (with the mirror ring worn on the right thumb customary for nearly all the inhabitants of the Zenana), strings of pearls (as many as 15 strings at a time), metal bands or strings of pearls at the bottom of their legs, and ornaments hanging in the middle of the head in the shape of star, sun, moon, or a flower.
Turban jewelry was considered a privilege of the Emperor. The constant change in the influences from Europe can be clearly witnessed in the design of the turban jewelry. Akbar stuck to Iranian trends of the time by keeping a feather plume upright at the very front of the turban. Jahangir initiated his own softer style with the weighed down plume with a large pearl. By the time of Aurangzeb, this form became more ubiquitous. Turbans were usually heavily set with jewels and fixed firmly with a gem set kalangi or aigrette. Some of the popular head ornaments worn by men were Jigha and Sarpatti, Sarpech, Kalgi, Mukut, Turra and Kalangi. Women also adorned a variety of head ornaments such as Binduli, Kotbiladar, Sekra, Siphul, Tikka and Jhumar. In addition to these, the braid ornaments constituted an important part of women’s head ornaments.
Ear ornaments were also quite popular during the Mughal times. Mughal paintings have represented earrings quite often. Ear ornaments were worn by both men and women. Mor-Bhanwar, Bali, Jhumkas, Kanphool and Pipal patra or papal patti are some of the known earrings from the period. Neck ornaments of different kinds of pearls and precious stones were worn by men and women. Some of the neck ornaments for men included Latkan, amala necklace as well as Mala. Neck ornaments formed an important part of jewelry of women also and included Guluband, Hans, Har and Hasuli. Nose ornaments were worn solely by women. It appears that nose ornaments appeared in India around the last part of the 16th century initiated by Mughals. The variety of nose ornaments worn by women during the Mughal times constituted phul, besar, laung, balu, nath and Phuli. Owing to the relative isolation of the ladies in court, due to the Purdah, fashion in the early days of the empire adhered to traditional dress of Khurasan and Persia. In time, the social and diplomatic relationships between the Mughal Dynasty and the rest of India (Rajputana in particular), led to more exchange in accoutrements. Noble women in the court of Babur or Humayun would have begun their outfits with wide loose pants, painted or stripped. Their upper body was covered in loose garments fastened at the neck or with “V”-shaped necklines. Other articles of clothing included the Yalek: a tightly fitting nearly floor length vest, buttoned in the front, with the chest accentuated, in both short and long sleeve varieties.
With the aim to have an equal world for both males and females, in 1870, a revolution for change by the name ‘feminism’ emerged from France. It firmly believed in equal space for females at par with males. Feminism is a counter to patriarchy – a society in which the males dominate; which is a prevalent form of societal arrangement around the globe. As a movement, it focuses on pointing out the adverse and disastrous effect that patriarchy can bring to a woman to face, not only in the home but also in workplaces.
A constant refraining of females’ equality that they should have been subjected to, make them sceptical of their own self. They accept it as inevitable and devalue themselves. Even biology is widely used as a defence for male’s dominance over females, by limiting the abilities of women, categorizing what they can do and what they can’t. Thus satisfying the deep-rooted gender stratification which hierarchically ranks people in society based on gender. It’s just a very simplified way to stratify society into males and females. But feminist think sex and gender as two different things, sex on the hand is predominantly based on physical things and attributes, gender on the other hand concerns psychological and cultural differences between males and females. In such circumstances around the globe, feminism appears to be that driving force that drives women to stand and ask questions to these patriarchal norms, not themselves. The whole objective is making a change in behaviour and action of society towards females. It’s a journey from A (status quo) to B (female equality).
Feminism, though being a common and well-heard concept to many, is often wrongly interpreted to mean ‘treating women over and above men’. In the pursuance of this misunderstood concept of feminism the aim sometimes becomes ‘destroying men’ instead of destroying the ‘patriarchal ideas’ that are deep-rooted into society. It needs to be realised that this movement is not about making men lesser than women but to make the women equivalent to the men. By meaning or calling men in any way inferior to women, goes completely against the whole idea and concept of feminism.
The very aim of Feminism is not to override men’s’ race and thrash it all together but to rather question and root out patriarchal thoughts from society. Based on these two interpretations, we have two classes of feminists, equality feminists and difference feminist. While the former focus on sameness, latter focuses on putting females somewhat on privileges over males. Formerly made highlights in 19th and 20th century, latter was prevalent near the 1980s and 1990s and afterwards.
To conclude, until women subordination is “common” to both females and males, establishing a society of equality among them is a far cry. All Feminism can do is, it can reach to females and tell them their worth and encourage them for the demand for equality. But the interpretation and foot-steps of feminism must be carefully watched otherwise people will have to start a future movement to root out matriarchy.
Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience and subculture that aims to prove the existence of entities from the folklore record, such as Bigfoot, the chupacabra, or Mokele-mbembe. Cryptozoologists refer to these entities as cryptids, a term coined by the subculture. Because it does not follow the scientific method, cryptozoology is considered a pseudoscience by the academic world: it is neither a branch of zoology nor folkloristics. It was originally founded in the 1950s by zoologists Bernard Heuvelmans and Ivan T. Sanderson.Scholars have noted that the pseudoscience rejected mainstream approaches from an early date, and that adherents often express hostility to mainstream science. Scholars have studied cryptozoologists and their influence (including the pseudoscience’s association with young Earth creationism), noted parallels in cryptozoology and other pseudosciences such as ghost hunting and ufology.
Generally cryptozoologists have a formal science education, and fewer still have a science background directly relevant to cryptozoology. Adherents often misrepresent the academic backgrounds of cryptozoologists. According to writer Daniel Loxton and paleontologist Donald Prothero, “Cryptozoologists have often promoted ‘Professor Roy Mackal, PhD.’ as one of their leading figures and one of the few with a legitimate doctorate in biology. What is rarely mentioned, however, is that he had no training that would qualify him to undertake competent research on exotic animals. This raises the specter of ‘credential mongering’, by which an individual or organization feints a person’s graduate degree as proof of expertise, even though his or her training is not specifically relevant to the field under consideration.” As a field, cryptozoology originates from the works of Bernard Heuvelmans, a Belgian zoologist, and Ivan T. Sanderson, a Scottish zoologist. Notably, Heuvelmans published On the Track of Unknown Animals in 1955, a landmark work among cryptozoologists that was followed by numerous other like works. Similarly, Sanderson published a series of books that assisted in developing hallmarks of cryptozoology, including Abominable Snowmen: Legend Come to Life (1961).
The term cryptozoology dates from 1959 or before – Heuvelmans attributes the coinage of the term cryptozoology (‘the study of hidden animals’) to Sanderson. Patterned after cryptozoology, the term cryptid was coined in 1983 by cryptozoologist J. E. Wall in the summer issue of the International Society of Cryptozoology newsletter. According to Wall “[It has been] suggested that new terms be coined to replace sensational and often misleading terms like ‘monster’. My suggestion is ‘cryptid’, meaning a living thing having the quality of being hidden or unknown … describing those creatures which are (or may be) subjects of cryptozoological investigation.”The Oxford English Dictionary defines the noun cryptid as “an animal whose existence or survival to the present day is disputed or unsubstantiated; any animal of interest to a cryptozoologist”. While used by most cryptozoologists, the term cryptid is not used by academic zoologists. In a textbook aimed at undergraduates, academics Caleb W. Lack and Jacques Rousseau note that the subculture’s focus on what it deems to be “cryptids” is a pseudoscientic extension of older belief in monsters and other similar entities from the folklore record, yet with a “new, more scientific-sounding name: cryptids”. Cryptozoology purports to be the study of previously unidentified animal species. At first glance, this would seem to differ little from zoology. New species are discovered by field and museum zoologists every year. Cryptozoologists cite these discoveries as justification of their search but often minimize or omit the fact that the discoverers do not identify as cryptozoologists and are academically trained zoologists working in an ecological paradigm rather than organizing expeditions to seek out supposed examples of unusual and large creatures.
On a quiet visit to Ladakh designed to deliver a loud message to China, Prime Minister Narendra Modi told soldiers posted along the Line of Actual Control that the courage they had demonstrated had sent a message to the entire world. Addressing soldiers deployed in Ladakh, PM Modi said tales about their valour were being spoken in every house across the country.
‘The enemy has seen your fire and fury as well,’ PM Modi told the soldiers in an address telecast live from Ladakh to the country. PM Modi also referred to the violent clash between soldiers of India and China at Galwan on 15 June and paid his tributes to soldiers who laid down their lives.
“From Leh, Ladakh to Siachen and Kargil…and Galwan’s icy waters…every mountain, every peak is witness to the valour of Indian soldiers,” PM Modi said. “You have given a befitting reply to people who attempted to conquer,” he told them before going on to deliver his direct message to China.
PM Modi underscored that India had always pursued the path of peace in the world but at the same time, those who are weak can never initiate steps for peace. “Bravery and courage is a prerequisite for peace,” he said.
“We are the same people who pray to the flute playing Lord Krishna but we are also the same people who idolise and follow the same Lord Krishna who carries the ‘Sudarshana Chakra,” the Prime Minister said.
Without naming Beijing that has been trying to encroach into Indian territory in Galwan valley and Pangong Tso and create new boundary disputes, PM Modi said times had changed and the era of expansionism was over. This is the time for development, not expansion, he said.
PM Modi stayed on target and continued hurling darts at China. The expansionist policies of some countries had affected world peace, he said, a clear reference to China that has disputes with 21 of its neighbours.
But history records that expansionist forces have either lost or were forced to turn back, PM Modi said, delivering his final shot before wrapping up his surprise visit. PM Modi’s office had finalised the day-trip to Ladakh late last evening but kept it a closely-guarded secret till the last moment.
News of the visit got out sometime after he landed at Leh’s airport, a height of over 11,000 feet with rarefied atmosphere, dry air and ultra-violet rays from the sun in the cold desert.
PM Modi, 69, headed straight for his briefing by top military commanders at the XIV Corps headquarters at Nimu outside Leh. He had had similar briefings back in Delhi also. This time, PM Modi could see the Zanskar and the mighty Karakorams that he had been spotting on the maps during the briefings. He also interacted with the soldiers to give them pep talks and hear their perspectives before he came around to delivering his speech.
His arrival in Leh had already delivered the first set of messages to Beijing. It also contrasts India’s approach to the standoffs along the Line of Actual Control to Chinese leadership’s efforts to signal a hands-off approach.
The PM’s visit is also a very strong message to President Xi Jinping that either he gets his aggressive Western Theatre Commander Zhao Zongqi to restore status quo ante or accept the inevitable consequences of PLA escalation. The Indian Army and Chinese PLA are locked up at four points on the LAC in East Ladakh with the latter consolidating on ground while mouthing peace overtures.
The location at Nimu where PM Modi addressed soldiers from the army, air force, ITBP and border road organisation resembled an active forward base. “There were artillery guns and other heavy equipment all under camouflage with soldiers wearing helmets and sitting in trenches and other kinds of dug out positions with a rare glint of courage on their faces,” a top military commander said.
Referring to some veterans who taunted that Nimu is a picnic spot, the commander said it was “a picnic spot for those who have treated their tenures as picnics instead of doing serious soldiering. For them even Kargil and Pangong Tso are picnic spots. If only they had treated these locations as future combat zones they would dare to comment,” he said.
Falling for someone at work is not something you can stop or control. The people you work with spend almost 8 hours or more with you, 5-days-a-week and they are your companions through the thick and thin of work life. Before you even know, that particular person who seems to care about you the most or you find genuinely attractive, has occupied the vacancy in your heart. The feelings grow until you have built up some courage to ask them out and if the feelings are mutual, they say yes. That’s workplace romance for you! As simple as it sounds, there are a lot of consequences, both positive and negative, and considerations that can’t be ignored when you start dating someone at work.
Loving anyone and getting loved back is a heavenly feeling, no matter where you two might have met. If your significant other works with you at the same office, you don’t have to wait throughout the day to see them after work. You can see them all day! You can share your grievances at the end of the day and they will know exactly what you are talking about. The time we spend on explaining the background of people and the dynamics when we tell stories from our day at work is saved. Every day, you are happy to go for work because that is where you are going to see him or her so your relationship becomes a source of motivation.
All the things that are good about indulging in an office romance should not make you overlook the bads. You might decide to keep your relationship secret but it is impossible to hide it from everyone. It takes only one person before the whole office finds out, all thanks to gossips that spread out like wildfire, especially when it is about an affair. Not all people like witnessing all the public display of affection because they find it cute. They might even report it to HR and some companies have rules that prohibit employees from dating other employees and anyone who is associated with the company.
People might even try to interfere with your relationship by criticising your significant other and making you think of things. It is important to remain focused as your relationship might distract you from the work that needs to be done. What about when you two split apart? The thing that made you wake up every day and go to work happily becomes a reason for you to not show up at times when you find it difficult to face him or her. You might even feel like quitting altogether and put your career in jeopardy. It is also very essential to keep in mind that dating someone who is your direct superior or works directly under you is a big no-no. When you date your boss, your promotion is frowned upon and people might think negatively even when your relationship is genuine. Your boss might actually become biased while writing your performance appraisal and the scope for improvement is compromised.
RSBY has been launched by Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India to provide health insurance coverage for Below Poverty Line (BPL) families. The objective of RSBY is to provide protection to BPL households from financial liabilities arising out of health shocks that involve hospitalization.
Eligibility
Unorganized sector workers belonging to BPL category and their family members (a family unit of five) shall be the beneficiaries under the scheme.
It will be the responsibility of the implementing agencies to verify the eligibility of the unorganized sector workers and his family members who are proposed to be benefited under the scheme.
The beneficiaries will be issued smart cards for the purpose of identification.
Benefits
The beneficiary shall be eligible for such in – patient health care insurance benefits as would be designed by the respective State Governments based on the requirement of the people/ geographical area. However, the State Governments are advised to incorporate at least the following minimum benefits in the package / scheme:
The unroganised sector worker and his family (unit of five) will be covered.
Total sum insured would be Rs. 30,000/- per family per annum on a family floater basis.
Cashless attendance to all covered ailments
Hospitalization expenses, taking care of most common illnesses with as few exclusions as possible
All pre-existing diseases to be covered
Transportation costs (actual with maximum limit of Rs. 100 per visit) within an overall limit of Rs. 1000.
Funding Pattern
Contribution by Government of India: 75% of the estimated annual premium of Rs. 750, subject to a maximum of Rs. 565 per family per annum. The cost of smart card will be borne by the Central Government.
Contribution by respective State Governments: 25% of the annual premium, as well as any additional premium.
The beneficiary would pay Rs. 30 per annum as registration/renewal fee.
The administrative and other related cost of administering the scheme would be borne by the respective State Governments
Enrollment process
SMART CARD
Smart card is used for a variety of activities like identification of the beneficiary through photograph and fingerprints, information regarding the patient. The most important function of the smart card is that it enables cashless transactions at the empanelled hospital and portability of benefits across the country. The authenticated smart card shall be handed over to the beneficiary at the enrollment station itself. The photograph of the head of the family on the smart card can be used for identification purpose in case biometric information fails.
Some important Frequently Asked Questions:
Where can I get the application form for RSBY?
You can download the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana Application Form Pdf from your respective state government’s website.Why are the beneficiaries charged Rs. 30 when the government is paying for the scheme?
The amount borne by the beneficiaries i.e. Rs. 30 is simply the registration fee that helps the Nodal agency to cover the administrative costs. The actual premium of the policy is borne entirely by the Central and State Government of India.What is the age limit for dependent children to be covered under RSBY?
There is no age limit on the children of the policyholder under RSBY. However, if more than two children are present in a family the policyholder needs to decide which of them will be covered under the plan.Whose biometric information is required at the time of medical emergency?
Any beneficiary can give their biometric information at the time of hospitalization or claim. The presence of the head of the household is not mandatory at the hospital.What kind of endorsements are allowed in the smart card in the middle of the policy period?
Addition and removal of family members is allowed in the middle of the policy period only in case of death and newborn child. An additional member of the immediate family can be added only in case of the death of a beneficiary.Who can enrol under Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana?
Any member belonging to the below poverty line can enrol under this scheme. This plan is beneficial especially for rickshaw pullers, rag pickers, mine workers, sanitation workers, drivers of commercial workers, etc.
Checking and scrolling through social media has become an increasingly popular activity over the last decade. Although the majority of peoples’ use of social media is non-problematic, there is a small percentage of users that become addicted to social networking sites and engage in excessive or compulsive use. In fact, psychologists estimate that as many as 5 to 10% of Americans meet the criteria for social media addiction today. Social media addiction is a behavioral addiction that is characterized as being overly concerned about social media, driven by an uncontrollable urge to log on to or use social media, and devoting so much time and effort to social media that it impairs other important life areas.
How Social Media Affects the Brain
Due to the effect that it has on the brain, social media is addictive both physically and psychologically. According to a new study by Harvard University, self-disclosure on social networking sites lights up the same part of the brain that also ignites when taking an addictive substance. The reward area in the brain and its chemical messenger pathways affect decisions and sensations. When someone experiences something rewarding, or uses an addictive substance, neurons in the principal dopamine-producing areas in the brain are activated, causing dopamine levels to rise. Therefore, the brain receives a “reward” and associates the drug or activity with positive reinforcement.
Growing up, we millennials didn’t even know what social media was, let alone how it might play such a big part in our adult lives. If you feel you are becoming addicted to social media, don’t worry, there are steps you can take to beat your social media addiction.
In the past decade, social media has crept from our computer screens onto the screens of our handheld devices. With the flick of a finger we can upload photos directly from our phones onto our social media accounts, reply instantly to messages, or see what our families and friends have been up to. With our mobiles always within arm’s reach, it can be super easy to become a little too enamoured with social media and it can negatively affect our relationships with others. So here are some tips on how to gain control of your social media addiction.
1. Turn Off Your Notifications When you stop notifications from disturbing your normal routine, you might find it easier to concentrate on your daily tasks and not get distracted so easily. Notifications are a constant reminder that something is happening in the online world and you might feel like you’re missing out. So to quell your FOMO, turn off your notifications. The bonus is, when you do come around to checking your social media, you may have a build up of more notifications which will make it more exciting and will make the experience more rewarding.
2. Limit Yourself Set a timer on your watch or phone, to limit the amount of time you spend on social media. Choose a limit depending on the severity of your addiction – say an hour a day, which equates to seven hours per week – and whenever you check your accounts, start your timer going. When you reach your limit, be strong and don’t be tempted to add on extra time. This will be a strong test of your willpower, but it will be worth it in the end.
3. Get A New Hobby You may have a lot more free time on your hands now that you’re trying to cut down on your social media usage, so why not pick up a new hobby to fill your spare time? You could learn a new skill or do something you’ve always wanted to do but never had the time. You’ll probably surprise yourself at how much free time you have when you stop mindlessly scrolling through your newsfeed. Plus your new hobby will keep your mind and hands preoccupied when you’re craving social media.
4. Spend More Time With Your Loved Ones Instead of keeping up to date with your friends’ and family members’ lives through a screen, spend time with them in the real world and reconnect with them. Make new memories and keep them personal to you — you don’t need to document everything you do in life with selfies
Arunachal Pradesh, also known as the state of Rising Sun, is a state of India. It is located in the North-eastern region of the country and is one of the seven sister state. It shares borders with Assam and Nagaland to the south. The state also shares international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east and disrupted borders with China in the north.
The state has long been recognised as a region of Indian subcontinent and finds its mentions in ancient Hindu literature like in Kalika Purana and the epic poems of Mahabharata and Ramayana. The state was a part of Assam until it was made a Union Territory in 1972 and in 1987 it was made an Indian state.
Geography and biodiversity
Arunachal Pradesh, is characterized by mountainous ranges and sub mountainous ranges along the northern part. The state encompasses three broad physiological regions. The highest peak of the state is Kangto. The states extreme eastern peaks are described to as “the land of rising sun” in historic texts. The villages of Dong and Vijaynagar receive the first sunlight in all of India.
Arunachal Pradesh has among the highest diversity of mammals and birds in India. The state is the home of about 750 species of birds and 200 species of mammals. The forest area in the state accounts for about one-third habitat area among Himalayan biodiversity hotspots.
Tribes and Religion
Arunachal Pradesh has a truly varied culture with 26 major tribes and multiple sub-tribes. Each tribe is characterized by its own unique set of culture and traditions. • The first group of people in Arunachal Pradesh is made of Monpas and Sherdukpens of Tawang and West Kamang district. The following Lamaistic tradition of Mahayana Buddhism. • The second group are the worshipers of Sun and Moon God, and comprises of Adis, Akas, Apatanis, Bhagnis, Mijis, Mishmis, Nishis and Thongsas. • The third group consist of Octes and Wanchos tribal communities of Tirap district. They are followers of Vaishnavism and maintain strict village society which is ruled by hereditary chief.
The people of the state mostly practices indigenous religion which is highly inclines towards nature. However Christianity too in practiced by 30% of the population. Certain amount of the state population practice Hinduism. Tibetan Buddhist is practiced in certain parts of the states which is adjacent to Tibet. The central faith along the Burmese border is Theravada Buddhism.
Art and Dance
The state of Arunachal Pradesh possesses great craftsmanship skills. From weaving to painting, carpet making to pottery, wood carving to ornament making, basketry to cane and bamboo work and many more, the local man are skilled for all. The women on the other hand expertise on handloom and handicraft making.
Dance and music are important part of life of Arunachal tribes. Various dance forms are seen in different part of Arunachal Pradesh. They can broadly be divided into four different categories, namely, festival dance, ritual dance, recreational dance and dance drama. Most of the dances are accompanied by chorus songs.
Festivals
The people of Arunachal Pradesh celebrate a string of festivals, and the reason ranges from religious to socio cultural to agricultural. Since agriculture is the main occupation, there are many festival celebrated for good harvest. Some predominant festival of the state include Losar, Solung, Boori- Boot, Mopin, Dree, Nyokum, Reh, Si-Donyi etc.
Physical education (PE) is often seen within the education system as a marginal subject. And many high schools are actively reducing PE time to make path for more “serious” or “important” topics.
Youth Sport Trust studies suggest that for 14- to 16-year-olds, 38 per cent of English secondary schools have cut scheduled PE. One of the main reasons for that is the enhanced pressure to produce results of the examination. Nevertheless, amid these changes, PE remains celebrated for its ability to improve wellness and encourage lifelong physical activity. This is an important issue provided that according to the latest government estimates, over 30 per cent of the year six pupils are listed as “overweight” or “obese.”
PE is also celebrated for its commitment to improving psychological wellbeing, helping to foster social and moral growth, and promoting academic and cognitive success. The Physical Education Association emphasizes that high-quality PE fosters pupils’ physical, spiritual, financial, mental, economic, and intellectual development. But the many goals for PE – such as health education, developing skills, as well as focusing on moral and social issues – have created confusion about the topic and have done little in practice to further the educational opportunities. In fact, it was argued that PE offers more entertainment than education. A waste of time and some entertainment, or vital to a child’s education and development – what is it?
Part of the problem appears to be that PE is often seen as a possibility for pupils to be active and have fun. Or in some cases, as a way of relieving stress and serving as a break from traditional learning. These locations are clearly valuable for the overall well-being of pupils and there is a growing basis of evidence to suggest that physical activity has the potential to support learning more broadly. But PE’s role is not solely to support and promote the knowledge of pupils in other subject areas. It should instead be providing meaningful learning experiences within the subject itself.
Each offers a unique system for PE, sport and physical culture to explore a multitude of holistic learning opportunities. The moral or ethical controversies in sport, for example, can provide teachers with a range of educational stimuli for debate, rationale and critical reasoning. The Sports Monograph is a recent project that we have been working on, inviting learners to collaborate and share their views and experiences on sport, and what it means to them. The project included pupils from primary and secondary schools, as well as students from undergraduates and postgraduates who were all supported by their teachers and lecturers.
As part of the initiative, not only were the pupils acknowledged for their written achievements at school award evenings but, unlike in conventional PE, their work left a trail of proof of learning and academic involvement – appreciated and supported by the schools. As a valuable educational endeavour, PE successfully stood shoulder to shoulder with other subjects in the curriculum, with written evidence to support the claim. These pupils now have publications which are used at the University of Central Lancashire to teach undergraduates.
The role that PE can play as part of the broader academic curriculum appears to be completely forgotten, at best understated and, at worst. Activities such as those raised here could help to broaden PE’s educational potential, encourage more pupils to engage with the subject matter and reinforce PE’s place as a unique and valuable pursuit of knowledge. There are possibilities, but PE needs to be ready to grasp them and let the pupils write about their sporting enthusiasms to reflect what they’re being told to learn.
The benefits of learning foreign languages are springing up as the world is becoming increasingly international and multilingualism is now perhaps the most valuable real-world ability ever to have emerged, rather than only being a cool parlour trick. If you are thinking about attempting to learn a foreign language instead of wanting the world to tolerate your monolingualism, you are indeed a special breed. Burgeoning into the impressive polyglot that you strive to achieve to be with the right approach and mind-set is 100 per cent feasible.
Studying foreign language is all about knowing how to interact and really connect with others an incredibly important life lesson that can only be cultivated through interacting with people. When you’re learning a foreign language, you can demonstrate your new supernatural power to understand what someone is saying, remember the right vocabulary and grammar, bring the vocabulary and grammar into the right sense, and respond back — all on the spot and in a reasonable time. You’ve signed in. And that’s what it’s all about. Learning a foreign language is compulsory in many other countries until the final year of schooling. In contrast, Australian students in primary or secondary school may study a language other than English but very few actually continue to study the language once they are able to customize their subject choices in their senior years.
Recently, the central government allocating $11.6 million in Australia to language training in primary years and working to improve the use of Asian languages.
Studying language will not only give your kids the ability to speak, write and read a different language, but will also typically give information about the history and culture of societies where the language is used. This will expand your child’s view of the world and open their eyes to other Australian cultures and communities.
It can provide worldwide travel opportunities: learning a second language can offer a number of opportunities for international study to students. This may imply embarking on a secondary school exchange programme (for example, taking the opportunity to study at a sister school) or completing a semester abroad or a tertiary-year student exchange programme. These programs can be intensely competitive, so speaking another language will not only increase the chances of your child being selected but also means that they are not limited to an English-speaking country or English-speaking courses.
It can boost their chances of tertiary admission: many universities recognize the benefits of language study and are willing to offer ‘bonus points’ to students during school to study a language. This can see your child put in a better position when applying for a tertiary course, especially in disciplines like humanities, communications and business. The Group of Eight (the prestigious research-intensive universities in Australia) also possesses its own language bonus point’s scheme.
It can boost work chances down the track: It is no secret that when it comes time to find a work, learning a foreign language can be advantageous. Employers in service industries such as tourism and hospitality will favorably use a second language extremely on those who understand it. The same can be said for business owners dealing regularly with overseas customers and partners, as well as job roles requiring travel to other countries. Having the capacity to interact in another language will place your child in the job market in demand — especially if they have chosen to study an Asian language like Mandarin.
Many research have been carried on the benefits of learning a second language, with research that links bilingualism to the development of literacy and improved cognitive skills such as memory, perception and multi-task capability. It has also been found that learning a foreign language can help to improve skills development in the first language of an individual
For many of us, quarantine has disrupted our daily routines which have in turn affected our sleep patterns. Sleep is essential for the well being of our mental health, so if like me, you’re too struggling to sleep during this challenging time, I’ve picked out three things that have personally helped me to relax and fall asleep.
Avoid checking the news before sleeping
I’ve noticed that if I watch or read the news before I go to sleep, it leaves me with anxiety, feelings of uncertainty, and even stress which then keeps me awake thinking about what’s to come next. Getting your news updates in the morning is so much easier for me as it gives me the whole day to process what’s happening in the world around me instead of trying to process all the heavy information at night.
Create a routine for yourself
For a person who has not believed in maintaining strict routines, I discovered that creating a routine for yourself can help you by providing a structure and offer feelings of normality, which for me now has taken away a lot of the stress. In the time that is so uncertain and unstable, having a routine can make you feel in control and calm about your surroundings. Try and stick to the same sleep schedule at night so that you can follow your daily routine without any trouble.
have a relaxing bath before sleeping
Taking time out of your schedule to have a relaxing bath or shower can help you fall asleep faster and also improves the overall quality of sleep. The cooling down of your body helps build a strong urge to sleep which can send you into a deeper sleep. This is something that has undoubtedly helped with my sleep struggles over the past month.
acknowledge and accept the change
At this time it is very difficult to not feel anxious about what the future holds and what’s to come. It’s human to feel worried about yourself and the ones you love and care about and it is also normal for there to be a change in the sleeping and eating patterns to feel more comfortable. But if you feel like you’re losing control of things around you, take a deep breath in and remember that this will not last forever.
REMINDER: IT’S OKAY TO NOT BE PRODUCTIVE EVERYDAY. YOUR WORTH IS INDEPENDENT OF YOUR PRODUCTIVITY
PART 1
Here are 4 productive things to do during quarantine:
1. Learn to play an instrument
Playing an instrument is a great skill, you could start with an instrument that you have always thought of playing- a guitar, a ukulele, a tabla or an instrument that is fascinating to you. Though it will take some time to get used to the habit of following YouTube tutorials or online lessons, but once you get a hang of it, you’ll realise just how rewarding it is. With so much time on your hands you’ll not be under any pressure to reschedule your day and make time out of you busy schedule, instead you’ll be able to take it at your pace and pay more attention to details.
There are hundreds of thousands of authors and an even bigger amount of books you could read. Books are an essential item for improving your language as well as your vocabulary. They develop your knowledge – and like instruments, they help sharpen your memory. If you don’t want to shell out money from your pocket and/or are sceptical to order paperbacks online from stores like Amazon or Flipkart, the easier way out is free e-book websites.
Baking is incredible and extremely fulfilling: mix a few ingredients, put it in the oven – and bingo! You have a tasty treat for yourself. Baking can also be advantageous for mental health as it is very therapeutic and calming for the brain. Research show that it is a great stress reliever and can leave you feeling happier and more positive.
Here are some YouTube channels that will make you want to run to you kitchen to get your supplies
If you want to level up and attempt a more challenging activity, which will benefit you exceedingly- learn a new language. It is scientifically proven that learning a new language makes you smarter and helps in developing cognitive abilities. Learning a new language help strengthen your listening and multitasking skills. Research also suggests that it helps prevent the onset of Alzheimers.
There are plenty apps and e-learning wesbites that can help you learn a language. These include: Affordable yet excellent language courses on Udemy and Courseraalso offers such free and paid courses by prestigious universities from all over the globe.
In today’s fast paced world everything is being replaced by technology. The libraries once occupied with people are losing their charm in this world of eBooks and kindles. People often choose to go for movies over a quiet reading session in the library. But libraries have been in existence since ages. The earliest libraries emerged not long after the first civilizations started keeping written records.
Here’s a list of world’s oldest surviving libraries:
St. Catherine’s, Egypt
The ancient library that holds thousands of centuries-old religious and historical manuscripts at the famed St. Catherine Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage site, in South Sinai. Built between 548 and 565, the monastery is one of the oldest working Christian monasteries in the world. The monastery library preserves the second largest collection of early codices and manuscripts in the world.
The ancient library holds around 3,300 manuscripts of mainly Christian texts in Greek, Arabic, Syriac, Georgian and Slavonic, among other languages. It also contains thousands of books and scrolls dating to the 4th century.
Al-Qarawiyyin Library ( Morocco)
Founded in 860, Qarawiyyin is believed to be the oldest working library in the world. It is part of Qarawiyyin University which, according to the UN, is the oldest operating educational institute in the world. The library was established by Fatima al-Fihri, the daughter of a prosperous merchant from Tunisia. The library holds over 4,000 manuscripts by some of Islam’s greatest thinkers. Library’s most precious manuscript is a 9thcentury copy of the Qur’an.
Sorbonne Inter university Library , France(1289)
The ‘Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de la Sorbonne’ is one of the most famous and oldest libraries in the world. Containing more than two million documents in its collection, this library became a part of the University of Paris and is now operated and used by five universities.
Wells Cathedral’s Library, England (1430)
It was the first Gothic style library to come up in England. This library is known for its unique architecture. This Library has a collection of three rooms namely Muniment Room (for early documents), the “Chained Library” (before 1800s), and the “Reading Room” (after 1800s).
Malatestiana Library , Italy (1452)
The library was built during Renaissance period in Cesena, Italy. One of the most precious manuscripts in this library is a 13th century illuminated Bible. The library is home to 400,000 books and is often cited as Europe’s first Civic library.
This beautiful library situated in Tanjore , Tamil Nadu is known as one of the oldest libraries in Asia. The library was used as a Royal Library by the Nayak Kings of Thanjavur for their private use during their rule between 1535 and 1675 AD.
After the introduction of online news, many news consumers are abandoning the traditional newspapers to access information online. Since most newspaper companies used to get revenues from printing news on print media, the changes have also made them follow the trend by uploading information online on their websites.
People prefer reading news from online sources to print media since the former is easy to access. Here are some of the devices that one can use to read news and information online anywhere and anytime, they include mobile phones, PDAs, laptops, personal computers. Without an internet connection, you cannot get access to news regardless of the time, therefore, to ensure that you stay up-to-date, you need to connect your devices to the internet. Unlike newspapers whose circulation is limited, online news can be accessed on any day, thereby allowing readers to get the information while traveling.
With online news and information, you do not have to pay a cent to access them. Unlike traditional newspapers and print magazine and journals where one has to pay for them before accessing the information, online news are free and doesn’t cost a dollar to access them.
Most of the online news companies tend to update their sites with new information every time. The fact that the news websites are updated with new information every now and then, readers can sit back and relax knowing that they can get the latest information of events. When you rely on newspapers and print magazines, you will have to wait until the following day before you can access the latest news.
The other beauty of online newspapers is that you can access various newspapers from a single platform. Newspapers readers tend to incur costs when they purchase a number of newspapers from different companies when they want to get detailed information. Besides, nowadays, most online news companies rely on websites that specialise in posting news from several companies under one platform to make their information reach the audience.
One of the features of online news that makes them better than print media is their ability to make articles more interactive. While reading news online, there are sections where you can view videos of the events being described. Adding videos to traditional newspapers are physically impossible.
People should read online news since they enable them to access many articles. When you buy a newspaper, you can only read the articles written in the paper.
In addition, with online news, readers can compare the news they receive from one online site with another one. The news company classify the information on their sites into different groups, these include politics, sports, education, fashion, among others. Based on the benefits discussed in this article, it is clear that online news are way too far better than traditional newspapers.
Agricultural productivity depends on several factors. These include the availability and quality of agricultural inputs such as land, water, seeds and fertilizers, access to agricultural credit and crop insurance, assurance of remunerative prices for agricultural produce, and storage and marketing infrastructure, among others.
As of 2009-10, more than half of the total workforce (53%) of the country, were employed in agriculture. The share of population dependent on agriculture for its livelihood consists of landowners, tenant farmers who cultivate a piece of land, and agricultural labourers who are employed on these farms. Agricultural output has been volatile over the past 10 years, with annual growth ranging from 8.6% in 2010-11, to -0.2% in 2014-15 and 0.8% in 2015-16.
The country’s requirement for food grains in order to provide for its population is estimated to be 300 million tonnes by 2025.The estimate of food grains production in 2015-16 is 252 million. This implies that the crop output needs to grow at an annual average of 2%, which is close to the current growth trend.
Despite high levels of production, agricultural yield in India is lower than other large producing countries. Agricultural yield is the quantity of a crop produced on one unit of land. Agricultural yield of food grains has increased by more than four times since 1950-51, and was 2,070 kg/hectare in 2014-15.
Besides providing for the livelihood of farmers and labourers, the agricultural sector also addresses food security for the nation. The Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations defines food security as a situation where all people have, at all times, physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets the dietary needs and food preferences for a healthy and active life. Despite high levels of production in the country, 15% of the population continues to be under-nourished, as per 2014 estimates.
India enacted the National Food Security Act in 2013. The 2013 Act aims to provide food and nutritional security to people by ensuring access to adequate amount of quality food at affordable prices. Under the 2013 Act, persons belonging to certain categories are provided with food grains (wheat, rice and coarse cereals) at subsidised prices. As of 2015, 68% of the population, i.e. 81 crore persons (of which 77% are in rural areas and 23% in urban areas) are covered under the Act.
Over the past few decades, with increasing per capita income and access to a variety of food groups, the consumption pattern of food in the country has been changing. Dependence on cereals for nutrition has decreased and the consumption of protein has increased. Sources of protein include pulses, meat, seafood, and eggs, among others. According to report by the Finance Ministry, incentivising the production of pulses in the country, poor levels of nutrition suggest that increasing the consumption of proteins should be the policy priority for the government. The report estimates that the cost of pulses as a source of protein is lower than other sources. Under the current domestic scenario, India is facing a shortage of pulses which is being managed by increasing imports. Thus, the struggle to find a balance between economic growth and ensuring food security continues.
Headphones and earbuds are everywhere – but that doesn’t mean they’re safe for your ears. Using earbuds and headphones can cause damage to your hearing if you aren’t careful. Learn how to keep yourself safe.
Chances are you have a smartphone in your pocket, and a pair of headphones that connect it directly to your ears. Unfortunately, those same devices that make listening to music or talking on the phone so simple might also be damaging your ears.
According to a 2011 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the use of headphones and earbuds has led to a major increase in the prevalence of hearing loss in adolescents and young adults. It’s reasonable to assume the same is true for adults using the same devices as well. So what can you do to keep yourself safe from hearing loss caused by headphones or other audio devices?
HOW LOUD NOISE CAN DAMAGE HEARING
The key danger of headphones is volume – the fact that they can produce very loud levels of sound very close to your ear. This is dangerous for your hearing because loud noises, in general, are damaging to your ears.
When sound waves reach our ears, they cause the eardrum to vibrate. This vibration is transmitted to the inner ear through several small bones, where it reaches the cochlea. The cochlea is a fluid-filled chamber in your ear that contains many thousands of small “hairs.” When sound vibrations reach the cochlea, the fluid inside it vibrates and causes the hairs to move. Louder sounds cause stronger vibrations, which cause the hairs to move more.
When you listen to sounds that are too loud for too long, these hair cells lose their sensitivity to vibration. Many loud noises cause the cells to bend or fold over. This is what causes the sensation of “temporary hearing loss” after you are exposed to loud noises. The hair cells take time to recover from extreme vibrations caused by loud noise.
In some cases, however, the cells never recover. They may be too damaged to function normally any longer. This leads to lasting hearing loss. This type of noise-induced hearing damage is almost impossible to recover from. No cure exists for repairing a damaged inner ear.
THE ROLE OF HEADPHONES
Headphones cause damage to your ears the same way other loud noises do, resulting in what audiologists call “noise-induced hearing loss.” Over time the sounds from your headphones cause the hair cells in the cochlea to bend down too much or too severely. If they don’t get time to recover, the damage can be permanent.
However, headphones don’t have to be extremely loud to damage your ears. Even listening to headphones or earbuds at a moderate volume can damage your hearing over time. That’s because your ears are not just damaged by the loudness of a noise, but by the length of exposure as well. That’s the same reason going to a concert or using loud power tools can damage your ears as much as a much louder gunshot or explosion. The duration of the exposure matters just as much as the volume.
As you can see, louder noises cause hearing damage much faster than quieter ones, but quiet ones can still cause damage over time. For instance, a 90 decibel (dB) noise – about the same as a loud motorcycle approximately 30 feet away – causes hearing damage in under 3 hours. A sound of about 105 dB – similar to a gas lawnmower or other power tools – can damage your hearing in less than 5 minutes.
What about headphones? Unfortunately that question isn’t easy to answer because decibel ratings from headphones vary. The “loudness” of your headphones is based on the volume you’ve set your phone or device to as well as the type and make of headphone you use.
For instance, classic iPod earbuds at 100% volume on an iPhone can hit noise levels of 112dB for the wearer, leading to hearing damage in minutes. The same earbuds at 60% volume measure approximately 80 dB, which makes them safe to listen to for several hours.
You should note that decibels decrease with distance – the closer you are to the source of a sound, the louder it is. For this reason, many audiologists and hearing experts recommend over-the-ear headphones instead of in-ear models like earbuds. The extra distance between the speakers and the ear can significantly reduce the loudness of the audio and help prevent hearing damage.
HOW TO AVOID HEARING DAMAGE FROM HEADPHONES
Avoiding headphone-induced hearing damage isn’t too hard. It simply requires most people to break some habits with their headphone use.
TURN DOWN THE VOLUME
The single biggest change you can make to protect your hearing is to turn down the volume on your devices. Noise-induced hearing loss is caused primarily by exposure to very loud noise. Limiting your exposure can protect your ears.
USE NOISE-CANCELING HEADPHONES
Most people listen to headphones at a high volume to “drown out” other sounds. One good way to lower the volume on your devices and protect your ears is to use noise-canceling headphones. These headphones block out external sound, letting you enjoy your music or videos at a lower volume without distraction.
USE OVER-THE-EAR MODELS
As we mentioned above, audiologists and otologists frequently recommend using over-the-ear headphones instead of in-ear or earbud-style models. Over-the-ear headphones increase the distance between your eardrums and the speakers, lowering the chance for hearing loss.
LIMIT YOUR EXPOSURE
Along with turning down the volume, you can also protect your ears by reducing your listening time. One good rule of thumb is the “60-60 rule”: Don’t listen at any louder than 60% of max volume for any longer than 60 minutes at a time.
Unfortunately your ears may never heal completely if they are already damaged from headphone-related noise. That doesn’t mean you’ll never hear well again, though. A hearing aid from a licensed audiologist can restore hearing ability and make it easy for you to hear again.
Feminist literature is fiction, nonfiction, drama or poetry which supports the feminist goals of defining, establishing and defending equal civil, political, economic and social rights for women. It often identifies women’s roles as unequal to those of men – particularly as regards status, privilege and power – and generally portrays the consequences to women, men, families, communities and societies as undesirable. The feminist movement produced feminist fiction, feminist non-fiction, and feminist poetry, which created new interest in women’s writing. It also prompted a general reevaluation of women’s historical and academic contributions in response to the belief that women’s lives and contributions have been underrepresented as areas of scholarly interest. There has also been a close link between feminist literature and activism, with feminist writing typically voicing key concerns or ideas of feminism in a particular era. Much of the early period of feminist literary scholarship was given over to the rediscovery and reclamation of texts written by women. In Western feminist literary scholarship, Studies like Dale Spender’s Mothers of the Novel (1986) and Jane Spencer’s The Rise of the Woman Novelist (1986) were ground-breaking in their insistence that women have always been writing. Commensurate with this growth in scholarly interest, various presses began the task of reissuing long-out-of-print texts. Virago Press began to publish its large list of 19th and early-20th-century novels in 1975 and became one of the first commercial presses to join in the project of reclamation. In the 1980s Pandora Press, responsible for publishing Spender’s study, issued a companion line of 18th-century novels written by women. More recently, Broadview Press continues to issue 18th- and 19th-century novels, many hitherto out of print, and the University of Kentucky has a series of republications of early women’s novels. Particular works of literature have come to be known as key feminist texts. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) by Mary Wollstonecraft, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. A Room of One’s Own (1929) by Virginia Woolf, is noted in its argument for both a literal and figural space for women writers within a literary tradition dominated by patriarchy. Germaine Greer’s The Female Eunuch (1970) questions the self-limiting role of the woman homemaker. The widespread interest in women’s writing is related to a general reassessment and expansion of the literary canon. Interest in post-colonial literatures, gay and lesbian literature, writing by people of colour, working people’s writing, and the cultural productions of other historically marginalized groups has resulted in a whole scale expansion of what is considered “literature”, and genres hitherto not regarded as “literary”, such as children’s writing, journals, letters, travel writing, and many others are now the subjects of scholarly interest. Most genres and subgenres have undergone a similar analysis, so literary studies has entered new territories such as the “female gothic or women’s science fiction. In addition, many feminist movements have embraced poetry as a vehicle through which to communicate feminist ideas to public audiences through anthologies, poetry collections, and public readings.
Human beings are social animals. Not a day passes by without interacting with people in both personal and professional life. We do everything in our hands to make people like us, accept us and agree with us. Our communication skills play a major role in making the image that we want of ourselves in the eyes of the people we are trying to impress. It is not even only the effective conviction of the messages we are trying to send but the how we structure the message so that it appeals to people. To persuade someone is to make them believe in your ideas.
Persuasion is not that simple. It doesn’t matter if you are trying to sell a good or a service or just sending your idea across, you must know how psychology works and what makes people agree. Yes! Human psyche also plays a major role in making a person reject or accept another person’s offer, keeping aside a person’s perspective about the thing that has been offered. What I am saying is it is not always the attractiveness and the benefits that could be derived from the thing that is presented but also the way in which it is presented.
Dr Robert B Cialdini, a renowned psychologist and an academician, has defined six principles of persuasion in his book ‘Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion’ and each one of them are briefly explained in the following section:
Reciprocity
When you do something nice for someone, they might do something nice for you in return as well or simply, a positive action leads to a positive action. Humans have a tendency to return favors so as to not feel indebted. This is the universal principle of reciprocity. It is demonstrated when you are offered something for free, maybe in a restaurant or a store, and it makes you wanna go back and/or make another purchase. Reciprocity is also at play when a colleague offers to do some of your work when your workload is high and you do the same for them in their time of need.
Scarcity
Like the literal meaning of the word ‘scarcity’, when a particular thing is available in limited amounts, it makes you wanna lay your hand on it. We want to have things that are limited edition because of the uniqueness compared to things that are in abundance and it makes us feel special. Very general examples can be seen on online shopping sites when a particular article is about to get sold out and they inform it to you by displaying ‘only 3 left in stock’. In personal life, a person might value you more if you give to them, something that is scarce – your time.
Authority
When you associate, whatever you are trying to convey, with a person who is an expert in the field or has relevant knowledge, the chances of your audience believing you become significantly higher. In everyday life, we see advertisements in which a dentist recommends a particular toothpaste brand or a doctor recommends a soap. The principle of authority is at play here. Even when you are making a point in a conversation with your friends or colleagues, people might get immediately convinced the moment you quote a credible source to support your argument.
Consistency
If someone was to get interviewed on news about their views on education of underprivileged children, there’s a good chance that they might agree to make a donation to an NGO who is working towards the very cause. People like to be consistent with their words and actions. Why would anyone want to be called a hypocrite and even if no one points it out, at least their perspective of themselves will change but it’s still inacceptable and leads to discontent.
Liking
This principle doesn’t need as much explanation. People who are likable find persuading people much easier than people who are not. It is important to make your intended audience like you for them to hear what you are offering or you would like to tell. Companies appoint celebrities for brand endorsements because they are influential and people like and follow them. With a complete stranger, you might wanna start with a personal conversation and see what you and them have in common to make you like them before you get down to business.
Social Proof
Not only do people follow celebrities, they also follow what is being done on a large scale. If something has become a trend and almost everyone in every section of the society is doing it, you will do it too. It doesn’t even have to be every section. If most of your colleagues are carpooling to commute to the office, you will want to carpool too. Even when you read reviews about a product or a movie, they influence your decision of whether you will buy it or watch it or not.
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