-Aastha Joshi

Print media had been in a decline way before the introduction of the internet in the 1990s. This downward trend began with televison’s emergence in 1950s. The internet rise of the 1990s brought hope with many print companies believing this would be an outer avenue to make profits. However with the rise of google and social media things saw a drastic change. The ability of the search engines to find a particular writer or blog means that it makes the print version of the paper useless. News outlets saw the internet as a new opportunity. Media outlets grew profits by giving out news through online articles via the internet because it was the cheapest and quickest way to make money. According to Michael Barthel’s “Newspaper: Fact Sheet in his research on newspaper sales at the Pew Research Center, weekday and Sunday newspaper circulation fell approximately 7% and 4% respectively in 2015, the biggest decline since 11% and 8% in 2010.TV and internet are the most influential sources of mass media in current scenario, and in the ultra fast paced life television and internet has preceded newspaper in almost all the aspects and has reached out as the most feasible and convenient option. Internet is one of the most hyped technological tool which has been has been declared the most favorable outcome by all the netizens. The consumption rate of internet currently in top notch and it has been an indispensable part of humans these days. Internet helps disseminate a message to a wide ranging audience in a much lucid way. Its one of the most feasible option considering that it is very portable source of information in comparison to other sources. Internet keeps us updated with every chain of events that is happening or has happened around be it current affairs, controversial acts or historic events. It has minimalized human efforts to the utmost level, now in just a span of few minutes we briefly study various things and various topics even while snuggling in our beds. As we have seen internet has increased the spectrum of learning making it limitless, while giving people a great platform to showcase their talent and making learnings lot more convenient by proving students with teaching platform. In the aspects of television we can say it is more leaned towards the interest of audience as it is more visually appealing due to the short clipping ads and auditory effects attached to them catching the sight of people. Visual and auditory effects combined together leads to fast leaning and grabbing more attention. Moving on the same policy TV and internet has lead to a slow death of internet, while newspaper requires full attention of the person reading it and looks pale due to the print making the people lose interest in it. TV on the other hand provides us with the information that is necessary and in brief and is a great source of entertainment. We quite often look that any posters or articles on internet or social media has a vast reach in comparison to newspaper. All the social issues and concerning issues have been bough to light. Internet and television have been used as a great weaponto spontaneously use against culprits of issues for example the increase in number count of raped have been actively talked on social media, awareness ads on women’s rights and education have been rendering all over the social media, internet and television creating a pressure on government to take optimal steps to resolve the problems. Television and internet act as a more sensitive medium to those who are not literate acting out as a possible source of knowledge. The absence of audio and video element makes it dull. It required too many resources, such as paper, ink, and print systems, etc. Also, it needs many delivers to distribute to each home subscribers demanding lot of hard work, time, resource and labour. But with just a click the work done, articles and ads get available to all the population using internet. Internet also provides us with immediate information present. Too much technology and the lack of reading has led to the downfall of newspapers as actual paper articles. Everything is electronic now so people prefer to buying subscriptions instead of a newspaper. Once printed, mistakes are difficult to correct in newspapers but the mistakes can be edited on much easier internet. In newspaper the content is out of date before we actually read it so it loses its value. Internet in comparison to newspaper is more accountable, reachable and gives more freedom to express ones ideas and thoughts giving liberation. It serves multi-lateral purpose and seems to provide much more opportunity in comparison to newspaper for a better growth. Lately lots of journalists have switched to digital media used by internet and TV choosing these non-conventional jobs as a source of their bread and butter for a steady growth in their lives. So it can be said that TV and internet lead to a downfall of newspaper industry.

-Aastha Joshi

John Muir

John Muir was also name as “John of mountains” or “Father of National park”. He was a Scottish American. He was a naturalist, author, environmental philosopher, botanist, zoologist, glaciologist, and early advocate for the preservation of wildness in the USA. His letters, essays, and books describing his adventures in nature, especially in the sierra Nevada, have been read by millions. His activism helped to preserve the Yosemite valley and Sequoia National Park. He was the co founder of Sierra-club which was a prominent America conservation organization. In his later life, Muir devoted most of his time to the preservation of the western forests. John Muir has been considered “an inspiration to both Scots and Americans”. Muir was appreciated for being an ecological thinker, political spokesman, and religious prophet, whose writings became a personal guide into nature for many people, making his name eternal in the modern environmental consciousness. On April 21, 2013, the first John Muir Day was celebrated in Scotland, which marked the 175th anniversary of his birth, paying homage to the conservationist. He lived on Dunbar, East Lithuania. Although he spent the majority of his life in America, he never forgot his roots in Scotland. He held a strong connection with his birthplace and Scottish identity throughout his life and was frequently heardtalking about his childhood in the East Lothian countryside. His strict and religious family has been seen as a reason for his love with nature. Muir soon became convinced that glaciers had sculpted many of the features of the Yosemite Valley and surrounding area. As Muir’s ideas spread, Whitney tried to discredit Muir by branding him as an amateur. But Louis Agassiz, the premier geologist, saw potential in Muir’s ideas and lauded him as “the first man I have ever found who has any adequate conception of glacial action.” During an accident where the tool he was using was slipped from his hand and stuck to his eyes, cutting the cornea in his right eye and then his left eye sympathetically failed. He was confined to a darkened room for six weeks to regain his sight, worried about whether he would end up blind. In his life, Muir published six volumes of writings, all describing explorations of natural settings. Four additional books were published. Muir’s friend, zoologist Henry Fairfield Osborn, writes that Muir’s style of writing did not come to him easily, but only with intense effort. He used to wale up early morning at 4:30am and practice his writing skills. He died on December 24 1914 in California, los Angeles

& Aastha Joshi

JOHNLUB BOCK

John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury, 4th Baronet, known as Sir John Lubbock, 4th Baronet from 1865 until 1900, was an English banker, liberal politician, scientist, philanthropist and polymath. Lubbock worked in his family company as a banker but made significant contributions in archaeology, ethnography, and several branches of biology. He coined the terms “Paleolithic” and “Neolithic” to denote the Old and New Stone Ages, respectively. He helped establish archaeology as a scientific discipline, and was also influential in nineteenth-century debates concerning evolutionary theory. He introduced the first law for the protection of the UK’s archaeological and architectural heritage. He was also a founding member of the X Club. John Lubbock was born in 1834, the son of Sir John Lubbock, 3rd Baronet, a London banker, and was brought up in the family home of High Elms Estate, near Downe in Kent. The family had two homes, one at 29 Eaton Place, Belgrave Square where John was born and another in Mitcham Grove. Lubbock senior had studied mathematics at Cambridge University and had written on probability, and on astronomy. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he was keenly involved in the scientific debates of the time apart from serving as the Vice Chancellor of London University. In 1845, Lubbock began studies at Eton college. After finishing school, he was employed by his father’s bank, of which he became a partner at the age of twenty-two. Around 1852, he assisted Darwin’s research by examining and illustrating barnacles. In 1865, he succeeded to the baronetcy.

In the early 1870s, Lubbock became increasingly interested in politics. In 1870, and again in 1874, he was elected as a Liberal Party Member of Parliament for Maidstone. He lost the seat at the election of 1880, but was at once elected member for London University, of which he had en vice chancellor since 1872 As an MP, Lubbock had a distinguished political career, with four main political agendas: promotion of the study of science in primary and secondary schools; the national debt, free trade, and related economic issues; protection of ancient monuments; securing of additionalholidays and shorter working hours for the working classes. He was successful with numerous enactments in Parliament, including the Bank. Holidays Act of 1871 and the Ancient Monuments Act of 1882, along with another 28 acts of Parliament. When the Liberals split in 1886 on the issue of Irish Home Ruler, Lubbock joined the breakaway Liberal Unionist Party in opposition to Irish home rule. A prominent supporter of the Statistical Society, he took an active part in criticizing the encroachment of municipal trading and the increase of the municipal debt. Lubbock’s thoughts about the nature and value of politics were deeply influenced by his scientific research, particularly his writings on early human society. He believed that the cognitive foundations of morality could be shaped through political economy, particularly through a national education system that implemented subjects mandated by the state. He held that the minds of children could be shaped in the direction of democracy, liberalism and morality through learning how to read and write. To this goal he was a strong supporter of the national education act of 1871 In 1879, Lubbock was elected the first president of the Institute of Bankers. In 1881, he was president of the British Association, and from 1881 to 1886, president of the Linnean Society of London. In March 1883, he founded the Bank Clerks Orphanage, which in 1986 became the Bankers’ Benevolent Fund – a charity for bank employees, past and present, and their dependants. and he defended the introduction of the national curriculum during the 1870s and 1880s. In addition to his work at his father’s bank, Lubbock took a keen interest in archaeology and evolutionary theory. In 1855, he and Charles Kingsley discovered the skull of a musk ox in a gravel pit, a discovery that was commended by Darwin A collection of Iron Age antiquities Lubbock and Sir John Evans excavated at the site of Hallstatt in Austria is now in the British Museum’s collection He spoke in support of the evolutionist Thomas Henry Huxley at the famous 1860 Oxford evolution debate.. During the 1860s, he published many articles in which he used archaeological evidence to support Darwin’s theory. In 1864, he became one of the founding members of the elite X Club, a dining club composed of nine gentlemen to promote the theories of natural selection and academic liberalism. During the 1860s he held a number of influential academic positions, including President of the Ethnological Society from 1864 to 1865,Vice-President of Linnean Society in 1865, and President of the International Congress of Prehistoric Archaeology in 1868. In 1865 he published Pre-Historic Times, which became a standard archaeology textbook for the remainder of the century, with the seventh and final edition published in 1913. His second book, On the Origin of Civilization, was published in 1870. During 1871, he purchased part of the Avebury estate to protect its prehistoric stone monuments from impending destruction. During the early 1870s, he held the position of President of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland from 1871 to 1872, [13 as well as the position of Vice President of the Royal Society in 1871. During this period he worked with John Evans, the other key figure in the establishment of the discipline of archaeology. He invented the ms “Palaeolithic” and “Neolithic” to denote the Old and New Stone Ages, [14] respectively. He also introduced a Darwinian-type theory of human nature and development. In 1871, he bought land at Avebury to prevent part of the ancient stone circle from being built on. This, and other threats to the nation’s heritage, persuaded him that some legal protection was needed. In 1874, he introduced a parliamentary bill that would identify a list of ancient sites that deserved legal protection. After several later attempts and against some opposition, it was not until 1882 that a much watered down version, The Ancient Monuments Act, came into being. Though restricted to 68 largely prehistoric monuments it was the forerunner of all later laws governing the UK’s archaeological and architectural heritage. In 1893, Lubbock was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society.

The book “rich dad poor dad” states a quite wonderful message. It is not important how much you earn it is important how much you utilize the earned penny. One may earn in crores and if not utilized correctly and wisely may turn his revenue into zero There is a famous quote which goes by “the poor works for money and the rich make money work for them” A person if works for money consumes his whole life dedicated to earning and the day he stops his living might hinder but if a person utilizes his money along with earning in simple words if a person invests his money out of the money earned he might never hinder his and his loved ones giving money being very sensitive to us humans, investing in the right place is very important, balancing the risks and returns a person should invest after taking into consideration the drawbacks of the scheme or investment. There is an old saying in Hindi “4 paise kama lo” we would have often wondered why only 4 and not 5 paise or not 3 paises because out of the money earned the person should use his money in 4 places the first place is for his living, his daily necessary expenses The 2nd paisa is for his own business the part of the earnings earned should be again used in his own business to get greater returns in the future. 3rd paisa stands for investing in gold, in olden times when there weren’t stock markets or mutual fund schemes people used to buy gold as a safe investment which may also come at use at important events of life like marriage. Also, gold has high liquidity which, even today proves to be a promising investment. The 4th paisa stands for land, it has given promising returns in the past. In this pattern according to 4 paise, every paisa should be given equal consideration and all should be kept in balance.

A person if does not invest wisely can wipe out its whole revenue. A person should beware of faulty schemes in the market that offer unbelievable returns When a person who for fast money in the investing stages not investing he is just trading and he may suffer losses example of the same is goodwin jewelers first branch being in Dombivali attracted many customers in the next 12 years the firm introduced 12 of its branches in different cities of Mumbai firm later released a scheme giving its customer whopping 6% interest rate which is more than 100% of what bank offers (8%)  Many of its customers the firm built plus other investors due to this attractive scheme invested their hard-earned money in the firm  Also the firm had amazing goodwill in the market due to its advertising projects. Shilpa Shetty D many celebrities from the south film industry being the firm’s brand ambassador many people started trusting on the company. Thousands of people invested in the company only to know that the company declared bankruptcy and did not repay a penny. It is said that the jeweler to pays 200 kilos of gold to the market and 30crores worth of diamonds to the dealers in the Zaveri Bazar. Investors should stay away from such faulty schemes. Sock market has proved to be a promising investment if the investor knows roof esteemed easiest thee most efficient way to invest is in gold it will give you returns more than the inflation rate in the long run and is very liquid .n0’s many people due to lack of knowledge invested  FD even though banks claim to give them 6% per year they face a loss of 2-3% per year as the inflation increases by 7-8%. This may be shocking to many of us because we haven’t been taught this, w haven’t thought about this as well, one of its reasons being FD is the best income for a bank They get to use the money at 6% and further lend the same money at 9-12% giving them a net income of 3-4% per year which is in hundreds of crores taking into consideration the volume of trade and thee landlady good investment but less firm than gold. The land would stay at the same price for years plus the owner needs to pay property tax and light bills. Of course, there have been instances where people’s fortune has changed because of a piece of land but there are safer investments that rented you returns like the MF.

The fact of the matter is a person may dig his own grave if he doesn’t invest wisely. Before investing in any scheme the drawbacks should be considered and the decision should be taken accordingly Investors while managing their money should keep a balance between risks and returns. Money management, if done effectively by an individual or a firm will proceed in its financial journey.

Game-based learning, as the name suggests, is gameplay with defined learning goals, and designed to present subject matter in the form of a game to help learners understand the concepts. Often in a simulated environment and gain experience of their applications in a virtual environment before using them in the real world.

1. Development of  “Soft” Skills

Non-digital gaming develops valuable soft skills. Soft skills can be defined as people skills and management skills, a group of personality traits that can include social graces, communication, language skills, habits, empathy, time management, teamwork and leadership. They may also include other traits such as a growth mindset, self-awareness, and resilience. Participating in a card game allows players to develop these soft skills in a safe and nurturing environment. Players work as a team, practice oral communication skills, and learn to disagree, strategize, build consensus, and achieve a goal. 

2. Game-Based Learning Stimulates the Imagination

Game-based learning allows learners and instructors to visualize 3D models in real-time and at scale. This helps to make learning more contextual, more real and therefore more enjoyable and relevant to the learners. A virtually enhanced world encourages the learners to use their imagination and discover new possibilities in a fun and interactive way. Interactive learning facilitates deep learning, increasing the possibility of retaining information for a longer time.

3. Helps With Fast Strategic Thinking & Problem-Solving

Most games require children to think quickly. Moreover, they have to utilize their logic in order to think three steps ahead in order to solve problems and complete levels. This is great because it is something which helps children in later life as they develop their logic, their accuracy and their ability to think on their feet and outside of the box.

4. Sharpens Memory

Learning concepts through visuals leads to better retention power and sharpens the minds of kids. Visual Learning leads to a decrease in learning time, improves retrieval of information that leads to faster concept grabbing for students.

5. Allows students to judge their own potential in a wider peer group

In game-based learning which is implemented amongst a vast audience, the students can understand where they stand among their peers from all over the world. Learners can challenge other learners on various subjects and topics, thus understanding their potential level as compared to other people from their own school, country or around the world.

Conclusion

The aim of an educational institution should be all-round development of learners, and gaming is an important means of attaining that.

Sources

https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/featurephilia/story/game-based-learning-358375-2016-12-17

#. 1.Marina Beach:

Beaches in Chennai along the bay of bengal coast, it happens to be the longest Beach in India and one of the largest in the world.

#.2. Valluvar kottam:

those of you who love literature must have heard or read about the famous tamil poet and saint, Thiruvalluvar.

For the uninformed, thiruvalluvar is hailed as one of the greatest tamil scholars.

#.3. Thousands lights mosque:

It is believed that in olden times, about 1000times were required to light up the Hall of this mosque which is why it has been named as the thousands light mosque.

#.4. Dakshinachitra :

A quick trip to 4states under the same roof? Yes please if you are looking for places to visit in chennai with family,then this is the right pick as your children will learn a lot about sounth India here.

#.5.. Government museum:

This place is known for preserving some of the best ancient and modern South Indian bronzes. This place is known for preserving some of the best ancient and modern South Indian bronzes.

#.6.Mylapore:

want to soak in the rich and colourful culture of Chennai? Head to mylapore which is regarded as the culture hub of Chennai, boasting a history going back 1500yrs.

#.7. Guindy national parks.

feelings a little adventurous? How about visiting a national park? Home to over 300kinds of trees and plants, 150bird species and 15species of mammals

#.8. Sri parthasarathy temple:

dedicated to Lord vishnu incarnation, Lord krisha, parthasarathy temple was built in the 8th century.

Location: narayana krishnaraja puram

#.9. Royapuram fishing harbour.:

A fishing harbour might not sounds too appealing but watching the fishermen bring freshly caught fish makes fir a sight to behold.

#.10.central Station:

biggest economic and education centres of South India, Chennai has become one of the top places for it firms and many other businesses to flourish.

Life is a beautiful journey were nothing is certain every day, every hour, every minute and every second is precious. You never know what the next moment brings, so instead of wasting our life in getting wild or being sad, it would be best to enjoy every moment . So how can a person always be happy? Because life has a another name that is problems. This is the general question ,every person has in mind. But if every single person change their perspective of seeing their problems, then there might be a chance of getting a solution. Basically if we see a problem as a problem, then that problem will always be like a problem. It sounds weird right , but if we see the problem as a new adventure of life and start dealing with it like playing a game , then that problem can also be solved and make us happy . So in short you don’t always need a person or reason to be happy ,you just need the guts and belief to create that moment. As I said,”Life is a one time go ,once the time flew away it wont be back”.So live your life to the fullest . Set amazing and adventurous goal ,Don’t just fret over the past, Instead of being greedy, start giving more. Forgive people, forget trash memories and recall happy moments. Give up your best in perfection, Enjoy every simple moments and things. Be practical and socialize, just free your heart from hatred and spend some time with your family. Be your own care taker. Pray and meditate, expect less, whenever you feel low, just take a deep breath and believe in yourself. Embrace simplicity, be humble and kind. Be grateful ,do random acts of kindness. If you think you are not lucky enough to be happy, just visit an orphanage or old age home spend some time there you will eventually feel blessed and happy . The secret of being happy ,is just accepting where you are in life and making others happy.

INTRODUCTION:

The need for partnership form of organization arose from the limitations of sole proprietor.

In sole proprietorship, financial resources and managerial skills are limited.

partner, firm, firm name:

person who enter into partnership are individually called ‘partnered ans collectively called ‘a form and the name under which the business is carried on is called “firm name’.

features of partnership:

1. Agreement
2. Multiplicity of person
3. Sharing of profits
4. Agency relationship
5. Lawful business
6. Contractual relationship
7. Unlimited liability
8. joint and several liability
9. No separate legal entity
10. Implied agency.

Types of partnership firm:

1.general partnership-( partnership-at-will

Particular Partnership

Joint venture).

A partnership in which the liability of all the partners is unlimited is known as unlimited partnership.

2.limited partnership:

A partnership in which the liability of the partners is limited is called limited partnership.

Duties of parnters.

*. Absolute duties

*. Qualified duties.

kinds of parnters:

*managerial interst: divided into

active parnters

sleeping partner

*Profits sharing: divided into

nominal parnters

parnters in profits only

*behavior:divided into

parnters by estoppel

parnters by holding out

secret parnters

*status: divided into

minor parnters

sun parnters.

Advantage and disadvantages of partners:

partnership deed:

a partnership firm can be formed through an agreement among two or more person. In India this agreement may be oral or in writing.

This image here speaks a thousand words with making any noise. It’s a fundamental concept with equally difficult mindset to create. We all understand it but find it extraordinarily hard to follow it.

We can achieve almost anything in life…As long as we focus on achieving one thing at a time. It’s a time-tested strategy that’s been shared by many successful people.

But don’t let the simplicity of this idea fool you. It’s one of the hardest things to implement in your life.

That’s because we, human beings, are fickle. Our desires are constantly changing. We pursue new things before we finish our old goals.

We’re dealing with an invisible force that is always trying to confuse us. Instead of focusing on one thing at a time, we set multiple goals, and think we can multitask ourselves to achieving them.

There’s a discrepancy between what we know ( to focus on one thing at a time) and what we do (focusing on everything at the same time).

One Thing per Area of Life

There are various field’s in everybody’s life i.e. career, relationships, education etc. Focus on one thing at a time.

Do not aspire to be the top of your class while creating the perfect body and learning all the skills at the same time. This only creates more confusion and frustration because you won’t be complete even one them.

A simple outcome of the above situation is, suppose you are tired from the class and you decided to give up on going to the gym. You tell yourself it’s just for today. But that’s the division we make of our energy which results in inefficiency to reach out target. This demotivates a person to the length we fail to forsee.

So yes, you can achieve a lot of things…But just not at the same time.

Manage Your Desires

The natural thing to do for most people is to start setting goals or picking one priority they want to focus on. But unless you have trained your mind to focus on one thing, it’s not a smart thing to do.

You must improve your focus muscle first. Otherwise, you set a goal, focus on one thing, and get back to your old behavior within a week.

You want to change your mindset. Go from “I want everything” to “I appreciate what I have.”

All this doesn’t mean we shouldn’t desire to improve our lives. On the contrary, the whole purpose of life is to move forward.

So don’t be afraid to set goals and aim for great things. Just achieve one thing after the other.

Practice Single-Tasking

Now, it’s time to practice. For the next week, only do ONE thing at a time. If you’re a modern human being that is used to technology, that will be very hard. But I guess you like the challenge, otherwise you wouldn’t be reading this.

This is also called being present. Just be less distracted. That’s all. And you can practice with anything by doing only one thing.

Time To Set one Goal Per Area

Only after you have controlled your desires and practiced doing one thing at a time are you ready to apply the “One Thing” strategy to your life.

The reason you want to practice is that life is long. If you take the time to become less distracted by desires, the more reliable you will become.

You will become a person who does what they say. You will become a person who achieves what they set out. And after you start achieving one thing after the other, you will get momentum. Your job is to keep the momentum.

This is how people become happy and wealthy. Both those things add up over time.

Remember to keep the bigger picture in mind. You WILL achieve all your goals. Who cares whether you achieve them now or in the future? What matters is that you are not influenced by desire or outside forces. You are the maker of your own life.

SOURCES

https://dariusforoux.com/one-thing/

A marketing strategy refers to a business’s overall game plan for reaching prospective consumers and turning them into customers of their products or services. A marketing strategy contains the company’s value proposition, key brand messaging, data on target customer demographics, and other high-level elements.

India’s history tells right about its agricultural efficiency, excellent climatic conditions, and natural-resource availability. India (that utilises extensive parts of its land for cultivation of wheat, rice, cotton) is also a leading producer of spices, pulses, and milk in the international market.

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In a nutshell, India is an influential agricultural powerhouse worldwide, having farmers and all related workers as its backbone. Like many other sectors, the agricultural landscape also faces decades-long problems and unexpected challenges that are crucial to rectify. Let’s discuss some of the main issues farmers face in India and the best possible solutions.

Main Problems often faced by Indian Farmers
 

1. Insufficient Water Supplywater shortage

• 

Water availability in India is more than sufficient to irrigate all cultivation areas; the problem is that we still have to find cheap and suitable solutions to utilise such enormous water supplies. Due to several reasons, farmers either don’t receive the appropriate amount of water or don’t get the supply on time; many farmers rely on rainwater for irrigation

2. Less Use of Modern Farming Equipment

• 

In most areas, to date, farmers follow primitive cultivation methods; traditionally-used plough and relevant native accessories continue to be farmers’ preference. Despite no shortage of efficient equipment and machinery, there’s very little use of modern equipment, majorly because most farmers don’t have lands huge enough to use advanced instruments, heavy machinery.

3. Over Dependence on Traditional Crops

Indian farmers are growing rice and wheat for centuries now in several regions. The excessive production of the two grains, many times lead to the storage, sale problems and shortage of other farm products.“India is heading toward a fourth record wheat harvest and near-record rice production for 2020-21” – the US Department of Agriculture. SourceMany farmers depending upon only these traditional crops indicates a lack of an effective, nation-wide agriculture plan.

4. Poor Storage Facilities

In rural areas, storage facilities are either insufficient or completely absent. In such a situation, farmers usually have no other option than selling their produce immediately once it’s ready, at market prices that are often very low. They are far away from a legitimate income.

5. Transportation Problems

• 

Lack of cheap, efficient means of transportation is a big problem widely seen in the Indian agriculture sector; small farmers still rely on bullock-carts for transporting their produce. Moreover, lakhs of villages are connected with highways and market centres with temporary (kutcha) roads that become muddy and useless in rains. Consequently, farmers cannot deliver their produce to the central market and helplessly sell it in the local market at low costs.

The farmer is the only man in our economy who buys everything at retail, sells everything at wholesale, and pays the freight both ways.

INTRODUCTION:

advertising us a promotional activity for marketing a commodity.

In the present day world of mass production and distribution, advertising serves as a powerful tool in the marketing machinery.

objectives of advertisement:

1. To make an immediate sale
2. To build primary demand
3. To develop overseas markets
4. To built overall company image
5. To increase market share
6. To introduce a price deal
7. To inform about a products availability
8. To build salesman by creating an awareness of a products among retailers
9. To help salesman by creating an awareness of a products among retailers.
10. To increase the number or quality of retail outlets.

benefits:

BENEFITS TO MANUFACTURERS: it helps easy I introduction of products In the markets.

BENEFITS TO WHOLESALERS AND RETAILERS: it helps quick sale of the products and increase the turnover. Thus, there is no question of old stocks. It reduced the expenses on overhead chargers.

BENEFITS TO CONSUMER: advertising gives information about the prices and quality if a commodity . It guides a consumer to choose the products.

BENEFITS OF SALESMAN: advertising creates a background for a product among the consumer.

demerits of advertising:

1. Economic objections
2. Social objections
3. Ethical objections

Some example of advertising:

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We all have similar question like how to choose a course after completing our Schooling. Our school teach us how to behave, how to be discipline, and lot and lots more. And definitely they also teach and advice us in our higher education how to choose a right course according to our groups.

These are the general things what we have been seen and crossed away

KEEP IN MIND

• First we have to find the right path.
• Have a clear mind to choose.
• plan to be the best.
• listen the words of Expreanced person.
• observe all the things.
• Don’t hesitate to ask questions.
• Remember all the things which you gathered.

FACTORS

Consider your interests.

Think about your interests

Discuss your career goals.

Discuss your career aspirations.

And talk about how the course aligns with your career goals.

Highlight your strengths.

Focus on positive reasons.

Be enthusiastic.

WHY CHOOSING AN COURSE IS IMPORTANT ?

Course selection is also important because it can help students focus their interests and learn more about a field they’re interested in studying in college. … It’s important to be focused when applying to college, and course selection can factor into that.

BE AWARE

when you step into choose a new courses there might be plenty of clarification. Your senior may suggest you to do this and parents might suggest a another one. So in this case you definitely feel stagger and confused.

To ignore that, you have to cary your clear visibility mind and you must have to consider what you have been studied in schooling whether your courses are connected with that.

And finally make your own decision with comparing yourself what you are capable. And you should plan before you entre.

KNOW THE SCOPE

Before entering into higher studies you should know the scopes.

Do you know what is scope ?

• 1.The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant.

2. The opportunity or possibility to do or deal with something.

SCOPE is nothing, but where we find the more opportunity by learning one thing. This is most important for choosing a course. Because your course is going to help you finally to get a job. Of course you have to score but apart from that your knowledge only going to speak at every place.

Some people learn all the things but, they does not know how to exploit. Don’t be the part of this.

After entering into the right path also you should utilise everything. Everyday thing what you are doing and what we learnt.

MOST IMPORTANT THING

Course Content.

Before selecting a course of your choice, research about the content in the course modules.

Graduate Employment Rate.

It is vital that you take a marketable course.

Your Commitment.

Time.

Feedback.

Your Academic Performance.

Finance.

Your Values.

Think about your existing experience and skill set. Consider prospective careers and employment opportunities.Think about what subjects interest you.Talk to your employer, colleagues or peers about which courses are relevant and may improve your career.

CONCLUSION

Bright your future by selecting the right one. Have a clarity in your mind then get started by carrying all the above points….

*history:

the temple is constructed in tamil architecture. The 1st temple at thirumala tirupati was built by tamil king thondaiman, tamil ruler of the ancient thondaimandalam.

the first recorded endowment was made by pallava queen samavai in the year 966CE.she donate many jewelry and two parcels of land and ordered to use the revenues generated from that land to be used for the celebration of major festival in the temple

the pallava dynasty (9th century), the chola dynasty (20th century), vijayangara pradhans(14th century) &15th century) were committed devotees of venkateswara.

he is said to have built the original gopuram and the prakhara in the 8th century.

it is the richest temple in the world in terms of donation received and wealth.

“thirupathi hills history”:

1. temple is dedicated to venkateswara, a firm of vishnu,who is beloved to have appeared here to save mankind from trails and troubles of kali yuga.
2. Thirumala hills are part of the seshachalam hills range.
3. The hills are 853mrts above sea level.
4. The hills compromise seven peaks, representing the 7heads of adisesha.

5.venkateswara Swamy face on thirumala hills, from distant far from tirupati, one can view venkateswara swamy face on thirumala hills.

“popular food in tirupati “

Some of example: 1.pulihora

2. Pongal

3. Murrukku

4.payasam

5. Bisibelebath

6.laddu

7. Andhra thali.

its of belived that Lord vishnu has manifest himself in this temple during this kali age to guide and direct his devotees towards salvation.

the temple is run by the body thirumala tirupati devasthanams which is under direct control of the Andhra pradesh government.

Eight Seasons, unexpected twists, bloodbaths, battles, love and power packed dialogues – that’s what ‘Game Of Thrones’ is all about! What keeps the audience glued to the cinematic extravaganza of this television show is not only the unpredictable plot, but also the witty Game of Thrones quotes and dialogues. While “Winter is Coming’ and ‘All Men Must Die’ are heard throughout the seasons, several great one-liners and GoT quotes are easily lost in the action of the show.

While Tyrion has always been known to deliver powerful punches with his comeback and one-liners, characters like Twyin Lannister, Olenna Tyrell and Cersei are not also far behind with their words. Game Of Thrones quotes are all about wit, humor, strong arguments and the naked truth of life and the world.

We bring you some of the most powerful and amazing Game of Thrones quotes and dialogues from the characters of this show.

1. “Money buys a man’s silence for a time. A bolt in the heart buys it forever.” – Petyr Baelish

2. “The Lord of Light wants his enemies burned. The Drowned God wants them drowned. Why are all the gods such vicious cunts? Where is the god of tits and wine?” – Tyrion Lannister 

3. “Can a man still be brave if he’s afraid?” – Bran Stark
“That is the only time a man can be brave!” – Ned Stark 

4. “The more people you love, the weaker you are.” – Cersei Lannister 

5. “There’s no cure for being a cunt.” – Bronn

6. “We don’t get to choose whom we love.” – Jamie Lannister 

7. “Explain to me why it is more noble to kill 10,000 men in battle than a dozen at dinner.” – Twyin Lannister

8. “Tears aren’t a woman’s only weapon. The best one is between her legs.” – Cersei Lannister

9. “A very small man can cast a very large shadow.” – Lord Varys

10. “There is only one god, and His name is Death. And there is only one thing we say to Death: Not Today” – Syrio Forel

11. “You’re mine and I’m yours. If we die we die. But first we’ll live.” – Ygritte

12. “A lion doesn’t concern himself with the opinion of Sheep.” – Twyin Lannister

13. People work together when it suits them. They’re loyal when it suits them. They love each other when it suits them, and they kill each other when it suits them.” – Orell 

14. “They don’t hurt little girls in Dorne” – Oberyn Martell
“Everywhere in the world, they hurt little girls.” – Cersei Lannister

15. “There are no men like me. There’s only me.” – Jamie Lannister 

16. “A reader lives a thousand lives before he dies. The Man who doesn’t read lives only one” – Jojen Reed

17. “Never forget what you are, for surely the world will not. Make it your strength. Then it can never be your weakness. Armour yourself in it, and it will never be used to hurt you.” – Tyrion Lannister

18. “I am not questioning your honor, ser Janos. I am denying its existence.” – Tyrion Lannister

19. “Death is so final yet life is full of possibilities.” – Tyrion Lannister 

20. “Some old wounds never truly heal, and bleed again at the slightest word.” – Ned Stark

21. “Everything’s better with some wine in the Belly.” – Tyrion Lannister 

22. “When you tear out a man’s tongue, you are not proving him a liar, you’re only telling the world that you fear what he might say.” – Tyrion Lannister

23. Cersei Lannister: “You’re a clever man, but you’re not half as clever as you think you are. “
Tyrion Lannister: “Still makes me more clever than you.”

24. “It doesn’t matter what we want, once we get it, then we want something else.” – Petyr Baelish

25. “I swear to you, sitting a throne is a thousand times harder than winning one.” – Robert Baratheon

26. “Poison is a woman’s weapon. Men prefer Steel.” – The Hound

27. “A mind needs books like a sword needs a whetstone, if it is to keep its edge. That’s why I read so much” – Tyrion Lannister

28. “Every time we deal with an enemy, we create two more.” – Tyrion Lannister

29. “I wish I was the monster you think I am. I wish I had enough poison for the whole pack of you. I would gladly give my life to watch you all swallow it. I will not give my life for Joffrey’s murder. And I know I’ll get no justice here, so I’ll let the gods decide my fate. I demand a trial by combat!” – Tyrion Lannister 

30. “Sleep is good and Books are better.” – Tyrion Lannister 

31. “Why is that when one man builds a wall, the next need to know what’s on the other side?” – Tyrion Lannister 

32. “It’s hard to put a leash on a dog. Once you’ve put a crown on its head.” – Tyrion Lannister 

33. “It is not easy being drunk all the time. Everyone would do if it were easy.” – Tyrion Lannister 

34. “I’m guilty of a far more monstrous crime. I’m guilty of being a dwarf.” – Tyrion Lannister 

35. “In Battle, Discipline beats numbers 9 times out of 10.” – Jon Snow 

36. “The powerful have always preyed on the powerless, that’s how they became powerful in the first place” – Tyrion Lannister 

37. “My reign has just begun.” – Daenerys Targaryen

38. “You’re going to die tomorrow Lord Bolton, Sleep well.” – Sansa Stark 

39. “A girl is Arya Stark of Winterfell & I’m going home.” – Arya Stark 

40. “I’m here to help. Don’t eat the help.” – Tyrion Lannister 

41. “When people ask you what happened here, tell them the north remembers. Tell them winter came for House Frey.” – Arya Stark

42. “Are you a Sheep? No. You’re a Dragon. Be a Dragon.” – Olenna Tyrell 

43. “No need to seize the last word. I’ll assume it was something clever.” – Sansa Stark 

44. “What did father used to say? Everything before the word “but” is horse sh*t.” – Jon Snow 

45. “Leave one wolf alive & the Sheep are never Safe.” – Arya Stark 

46. “A Wise Man Once Said That You Should Never Believe A Thing Simply Because You Want To Believe It.” – Tyrion Lannister 

47. “Tell Cersei. I want her to know it was me.” – Olenna Tyrell 

48. “The true history of the world is the history of great conversations.” – Tyrion Lannister 

49. Joffrey Baratheon: “Everyone is mine to torment. You’d do well to remember that you little monster.”
Tyrion Lannister: “Perhaps you should speak to me more softly then. Monsters are dangerous and, just now, kings are dying like flies.”

50. When asked by the Mountain Tribes how would he like to die.
Tyrion: 

That must have been some a great recap of this epic show with these Game Of Thrones quotes and dialogues. Which of these GoT quotes are your favorites? Do let us know!

India is the tenth-largest country by land. Carved out of 565 princely states & 17 provinces at the time of Independence, which were just 14 states and 6 union territories.

With time number of states has grown to 28 states and 8 Union territories.All the states have some issues in between one such issue which raised the eyebrows is the ‘conflict between Assam & Mizoram’.

Carved out of Assam in 1972 as a union territory, Mizoram gained its complete statehood in 1987.The states have a dispute over a border of 164.6 km. 

Claims-
Mizoram stands by an 1875 notification, which came from ‘The Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation Act of 1873’.

Whereas, Assam claims the land as per ‘1933 notification by the state government that demarcates Lushai Hills’.

During Colonial time Lushai was known as Mizoram.

These borders change with natural obstacles like rivers, forests, etc. Often people living on one side of the land cross it as they are unaware of the border demarcation.

Other Land Disputes in Indian states-

• BelagaviDispute between Karnataka and Maharashtra.

• Assam & Nagaland dispute.

• Gujarat & Rajasthan dispute over Mangadh Hill.

• Himachal dispute with Haryana over Parwanoo region.

• Himachal dispute with Ladakh over claim on Sarchu.

Every day, tons of diversified animal species are killed for their own, people’s purposes, which is known as animal abuse or animal cruelty. Animal cruelty involves harm for no reason, injuring, killing, cruelty, etc. More specifically, causing harm or suffering them for mainly achieving something like killing animals for entertainment, Every 60 secs an animal is abused, especially in this culture of India where we pray, for example, cow and it has a tag ‘Cow is our God’, yet animal cruelty takes place daily and in all kind of places, not only in the industrial animal agriculture. It happens in our neighborhood, neighbors’ houses, but happily, we are not able to see that pain and killing. 

People abuse animals for a variety of reasons with various levels of harm. Most of the time, animals are not exploited for clothing and other needs but also consumption of food like meat and flesh, particularly Leathers and feathers. Apart from this, the main reason for exploitation is skin and feathers which are used in the making of shoes, handbags, clothes, belts, etc. Leathers are a kind of material that is strong, flexible, and prevents tanning and prevent decay, which is used for all the necessities. The Leathers are obtained from cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators. The leading producer of leather is India and China. The top luxury high-end fashion brands which use leather are Prada, Gucci, Fendi, Louis Vuitton, and Chanel. Every year, the leather industry slaughters one billion animals and tan their skins. Just imagine the consumption of leather in a year. Another such thing is Meat production is profitable from not just only animal’s flesh but also the co-products include blood and fat which is used for explosives, tires, paints, cosmetics, and heart valves that are used for medicines, etc. The skin of the animal is the significant economy of the meatpacking industry. Cows are used for the production of milk, they are injected to produce fast milk. When the cows are declined to further produce more, then they are sent to slaughterhouses for butchering, and then beef trading is done. India is the highest seller of beef. The economic success of this kind of slaughterhouse is directly dependent on the sale of meat and skin and this leather stuffs. Many animals are used for experiments such as feeding dogs some pesticides, mice, and rats are forced to inhale fumes, and applying some sort of harmful chemicals in the rabbit’s eyes. Even if these products harm the animals, still are marketed to consumers.

This shows how negative impactful we have been towards animals. Its We humans are very cruel towards animals and have made their life a living hell. Animals don’t deserve to die like this, to be treated in this manner. Loving one animal and abusing another called speciesism is done by us humans every day. Is there an end to it? Yes maybe. Many cruelty-free cosmetic brands have been started which seems to be a very great initiative, many people are converting themselves into vegans to reduce the slaughterhouse economy and saving animals.

Being bilingual is a skill that is highly valued in today’s workplace and society. Being well-versed in two languages not only widens the career prospects but also broadens the thinking capacity and the knowledge-base of the individuals.

1. Cognitive benefits 

Bilingual students are able to use two languages at the same time, switching consistently, it develops skills for functions such as inhibition, switching attention, and working memory. Students who are being educated bilingually, often perform better on tasks which require multi-tasking, decision making and problem solving, even though they have nothing to do with the language.

2. Academic advantage

In addition to the enhanced cognitive functions, switching between two languages easily helps children develop their literacy skills and enhance their verbal intelligence and social skills.

Along with the flexibility of switching between languages will be a more flexible thought process. They learn to focus on the key elements of the conversation / topic at hand. Younger children learning in a dual-language environment understand more the finer points of how language works. Their logic process and ability to distinguish sound, intonation and accent makes them more likely to pay attention when a teacher is speaking in class.

3. Improved memory

Children who learn a second and third language have better memories and are more cognitively creative than single language speaking counterparts. Research has indicated that bilingual people are usually better at remembering names, directions and items than those who speak one language.

4. Broadens career opportunities

Being fluent in an extra language can make a candidate stand out among prospective employers. It also open doors to extra opportunities that those without these skills may miss out on.

5. Children with a bilingual education are more adaptable

Language isn’t just about learning sets of words and grammar, it is also learning about another culture and another way of life. The advantage of bilingual education gives children a broader outlook and brings them closer to different races and nationalities.

Source

https://blog.globalindianschool.org/my-child-can-speak-multiple-languages

https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/11/29/497943749/6-potential-brain-benefits-of-bilingual-education

Solace means to comfort or consolation and solitude means , “to be by oneself”. So, solace in solitude is the idea of finding comfort in one’s own embrace and without any party involved except yourself.

Finding solace in solitude is one of the greatest lessons one can learn in life.  Enjoying your alone time creates space in your mind, heart, and soul thus freeing your creativity, mending your heart, and nourishing your soul.

Some of the biggest emotional and/or creative breakthroughs have been achieved by people spending time in solitude. Solitude should not be confused with loneliness as they are completely different things, “psychologists define ‘solitude’ as the state of being physically alone with no one else to communicate with — not to be confused with loneliness, or the feeling of being disconnected from others and longing for connection.”

In the time we live in solitude is rarely achieved, since we all have to be so active on social media platforms and stay in touch with people we have never met in life.

The Personalities of People Who Enjoy Solitude: Not Introversion, but Autonomy and Authenticity

Solitude has long been considered the special domain of introverts. In the popular imagination, they are the ones who embrace their time alone. Through research already hinted, that other factors mattered more, but for the most part, the theories were not dissuaded.

Insecure attachment has also been posited as an important characteristic of people who want to be alone, but for psychologically unhealthy reasons. Insecure people are anxious around others or they try to avoid personal relationships.

People who are autonomous and authentic describe themselves in these three ways, as measured by the Index of Autonomous Functioning:

• They experience authorship of their own actions. Sample item: “My actions are congruent with who I really am.”
• They are curious about themselves. Sample item: “I am interested in why I act the way I do.”
• They are not susceptible to being controlled by other people. Example of an item they disagree with: “I do a lot of things to avoid feeling ashamed.”

Ways of Experiencing Solitude

• Valuing their time alone with them self.
• The solitude brings out the best in them.
• Feeling more relaxed and less stressed when alone.
• Becoming more aware of their thoughts and emotions.
• They are not undone by their own thoughts and emotions, even when they are negative ones such as anxiety or fear; instead, they are curious about those reactions.
• They are not all that tempted to do something just to distract themselves; sitting with their own thoughts is fine.
• Never worrying about what other people think they should be doing.

Alone-time Activities of the Authentically Engaged

• Doing something they were good at.
• Doing something they really wanted to do.
• Doing something they were passionate about.
• Doing something that was an expression of their values.
• Taking a break from tending to others to take care of themselves.

So, it doesn’t have to be one grandiose event after another, rather it may be better to do a bunch of small things, so when you look back, you have a list of joyful moments to refer to. Whether it be pouring yourself a cup of coffee, going to the gym, or watching the sunset, find those moments that compile satisfaction.

SOURCES

https://baltisoul.net/articles/solace-in-solitude

https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/living-single

https://onlyhumanco.com/solace-in-solitude/

• 

Breaking the Laws of Physics

Scientists claim to have finally found out how to make a time crystal, a scientific oddity that could prove to be a watershed event for fundamental physics and quantum physics.

Time crystals take advantage of a physics quirk that allows them to change constantly while being dynamically stable.
In other words, they don’t emit energy when they change conformation, which appears to be a breach of the natural law that states that everything eventually decays into entropy and chaos According to Quanta Magazine, it now appears that these entities may exist after all.

At least, that’s what a large group of researchers from Stanford, Princeton, and other universities working with Google’s quantum computing labs claimed in a preprint paper published last week.

Aside from being an amazing scientific discovery in and of itself — time crystals are a new, strange phase of matter — the discovery could have huge implications for the finicky world of quantum computing. Roderich Moessner, research coauthor and head of the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, told Quanta, “The result is amazing: you circumvent the second law of thermodynamics.”

Computing with Crystals

This research essentially means that specialists believe they’ve worked out how to transport time crystals from theoretical abstraction — a world they’ve been in since they were initially envisioned around a decade ago — to concrete reality, as The Next Web points out.

The authors of the new paper claim to have experimentally demonstrated a time crystal for the first time, putting them ahead of many previous attempts in the field — Quanta points out that many researchers have claimed to have created or observed the first time crystal, including a group of scientists who shared a similarly unverified study in early July, but that none of them were up to snuff.

“There are good reasons to believe that none of those experiments completely succeeded, and a quantum computer like [Google’s] would be particularly well placed to do much better than those earlier experiments,” said John Chalker, a physicist at the University of Oxford who wasn’t involved in the study.

If the new discovery stands up under investigation and someone succeeds to put these time crystals to use in a practical fashion, we may soon be living in a world with practical, powerful quantum computers that can do all we’ve been led to believe they can.

Research design is the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by a researcher. The design allows researchers to hone in on research methods that are suitable for the subject matter and set up their studies up for success.

The design of a research topic explains the type of research (experimental, survey, correlational, semi-experimental, review) and also its sub-type (experimental design, research problem, descriptive case-study). 

*meaning:

Interview provide employer with an answer opportunity to find out about you and what you know.

They may involves one interview or several people, know as a panel interview.

*guidelines for interview prepartion(before the Interview) –

1. Research about the company you have applied for
2. You should know your cv like the back of your hand.
3. Prepare and practice answer for the most frequently asked questions.
4. Try to find out as much as you can about the job you have applied for
5. Keep the clothes to be worn for the interview at least a day in advance
6. Make sure your nails, teeth, hair, and clothes look clean and orderly
7. Plan to arrive at least 10 min early, do that you have some time to collect yourself and compose you thoughts.

*during the interview-

1. Remember the interview begins from the moment you open the door and go it. By the time you walk up, shake hands and sit down, you would have already created the first impression.
2. A firm handshake and a confident smile with eye contact will never fail to make an impression
3. Speak slowly and clealy and project your voice
4. Be sure in you response and avoid using ‘I might’ or ‘I guess.
5. If you are not sure of how to answer a question, take a moment to think about it. Pausing is perfectly OK and shows you don’t panic under pressure.
6. Never say anything negative about previous company.
7. When the interview is over thank the interview for their time and shake hands again.
8. Be enthusiasm about yourself the jobs and the company.
9. Shake hands with the interview or each panel number when you enter the door.
10. Be positive and confidence.

*frequently asked question in an interview.:

*formal dress code for women;

1. Formal shirt or blouse with formal trousers
2. Indian formal wear is fine but should be sober
3. If you are wearing a skirt it should be knee-length or longer
4. Jewelry should be minimal and subtle
5. Necklace should be conservative and not low.

IN A NUTSHELL:

be prepared+be yourself+be confident= you are hired.

1.*Maharashtra: (misal pav)

misal oav is a popular street food in Maharashtra.

A great break fast recipe that includes a curry made if sprouts,topped with finely chopped onions, tomatoes and farsan and lime juice served pav, heated on the pan with a hint of butter.

2.*Punjab:(makki di roti &sarson da saag.)

makki di roti is a corn meal indian bread that taste fabulous with sarson saag -mustard green and a glass of lassi.

the dish is retarded as the traditional way to prepare saag and is usually served with makki di roti literally.

3.*west bengal:(kosha mangsho)

this spicy bengali mutton curry aka kosha mangsho is a perfect lunch recipe that would be loved by all.

velvety gravy with juicy pieces of meat served with maida luchi, full of flavors from the mutton, spices and mustard oil.

4.*tamil nadu:(pongal)

vegetarian pongal is a rice lentil dish that is often prepared in South Indian homes as an offering to the godless.

5.*kashmir:( rogan Josh)

Rogan josh is an aromatic lamb dish with flovors of browned onion, various spices and yoghurt.

6.*bihar:(chowkha)

litti chowkha is baked from wheat flour dough, stuffed with a mixture of roasted gram flour, spices and lemon juice, and served with chokha.

7.*Telangana:(biryani)

biriyani more famous the hyderabadi version, is prepared in the form of kachay gost ki biriyani and dum ki briyani.

8.*goa:(fish curry)

xit codi meaning curry rice is the delicious tangy fish curry made with special spices, served with steamed rice or roti.

MEANING

Rain water harvesting is something we are storing rain water for future requirements. So in simple words RAIN WATER HARVESTING is the collection and storage of rain.

FOR WHAT PURPOSE

Rain water is stored for the purpose of water requirements which means we need water in our daily. It uses includes watering garden, live stock, irrigation, domestic use with proper treatment and domestic heating.

How do we store?

we can store the rain water by accumulating it into the roof, tanks and pipeline and these can be done easily at homes.because if you have terras you able to store it by building a cement tank and you also connect a pipeline for your uses.

And to store the rain water which flows in road sides we have to take a step together by making an awareness to store it purposefully by building a savings tanks at least one for me a street.

HISTORY OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Ancient Native Americans used the natural flow of mountain rainwater runoff to collect and use throughout villages. In central Mexico, underground cisterns have been found that were used for collecting rainwater. In the 16th-17th century, early settlers began to use rainwater for laundry due to it being naturally soft.

Still there are many people in rural areas have following the rain water harvesting method to save the water from rain.

Who introduce the rain water harvesting in india?

Although the government provided water through water tankers to the villages, it was not a sustainable solution. Amla Ruia turned to rainwater harvesting and she began by building two traditional check dams, also known as ‘Khadins’, near a village called Mandawar.

IMPORTANCE

The importance of rainwater harvesting lies in the fact that it can be stored for future use. Just as it can be used directly so also the stored water can be utilized to revitalize the ground level water and improve its quality. This also helps to raise the level of ground water which then can be easily accessible.

TWO TECHNIQUE TO STORE RAIN WATER

There are two ways of harvesting rainwater, namely; surface runoff harvesting and Roof top harvesting.

TYPES

7 Different Types Of Rainwater Harvesting Systems Water But. One of the most basic types of rainwater harvesting systems; water Butt collects rainwater in a container from natural rainfall

storsge drain pipes

Direct-Pumped

Indirect Pumped

Indirect Gravity

Gravity Only

Retention Ponds

In-Ground Storage.

CONCLUSION

Rainwater harvesting is a viable option to supplement city water for non-potable human uses, such as irrigation. Conclusion: Rainwater harvesting has various benefits and uses; however, harvesting systems have to operate and maintain to ensure water quality.

Go and hug your dogs tightly after watching these.

People say dogs are our best friend and this belief will only strengthen once you watch the movies we’ve listed out here. It’s not rare, but also not very common for dogs to take centre-stage in a film. However, when they do, they make sure that all eyes are only on them. The compassion and love they bring on the big screen are unparalleled and tugs at our heartstrings like nothing else. So, let’s take a look at some of the best dog movies on Amazon Prime Video, Netflix, Disney+ Hotstar and Hulu that you can stream right now.

10 best dog movies on Amazon Prime Video, Netflix, Disney+ Hotstar, and Hulu

1. MARLEY & ME – AMAZON PRIME VIDEO

Starring Jennifer Aniston and Owen Wilson, Marley & Me is an American comedy-drama based on John Grogan’s book of the same name. The story revolves around a happily married couple, the adventures and struggles they face as dog-parents when they adopt Marley, a uncontrollable Labrador retriever who’s really tough to deal with. Marley in his own mischievous ways helps the family learn some valuable life lessons and make the audience emotional as they understand the ways in which a pet makes one’s life easier and so much more fulfilling.

2. BOLT – DISNEY + HOTSTAR

• 

You’re never too old to watch animated movies, especially when it’s about a dog who thinks he’s a superhero with extraordinarily powerful sonic scream “superbark”. When he finds out his owner has been kidnapped, he decides to use his superpowers and travel cross-country to rescue his human. In this journey, he meets a feisty cat and a hamster who help him face reality when he enters the “real world”. The movie features the voices of John Travolta as Bolt, Miley Cyrus as his owner Penny, Susie Essman as the Mittens the cat and Mark Walton as the hamster.

3. HACHI: A DOG’S TALE- AMAZON PRIME VIDEO

Grab some extra boxes of tissues because you will need all of them for Hachi: A Dog’s Tale starring Richard Gere. Based on a true story of an Akita dog named Hachiko and a remake of the 1987 Japanese film Hachiko Monogatari, the film is an emotional and heart-breaking story of a professor, an abandoned puppy and the unbreakable bond the two form when the professor adopts him. The dog’s dedication and loyalty towards his master whose side he never leaves, even after his death can make even the tough ones weep inconsolably.

4. AIR BUD – AMAZON PRIME VIDEO

• 

Dogs are undoubtedly talented, but dogs playing basketball was something new for all us until the 1997 film Air Bud was released. A 12-year-old lonely and withdrawn boy meets a golden retriever with an exceptional talent to play basketball and the two soon become friends. The two find solace and joy in each other’s company while overcoming the hurdles in their personal lives and sports weaves the rest of the story.

5. LADY AND THE TRAMP – DISNEY + HOTSTAR

• 

A pampered and privileged Lady meets a homeless tramp. When the two dogs belonging to different strata of society meet, they form an unusual bond as they fall in love while coming to terms with each other’s drastically different lifestyles. This 2019 film is a live-action adaptation of the classic 1955 film, and features the voices of Tessa Thompson, Justin Theroux, and Sam Elliot to name a few.

6. ISLE OF DOGS – DISNEY + HOTSTAR

• 

Isle of Dogs is a stop -motion animated sci-fi movie, set in a dystopian and futuristic fictional city of Megasaki in Japan. The film is set at a time when all the dogs have been banished due to the outbreak of a “canine flu” and among those dogs is Spots Kobayashi, whose owner, a 12-year-old boy, is determined to go to any lengths to bring Spots back. Honestly, there can’t be a better time than now to watch this movie. Directed by Wes Anderson, the film features voices of Edward Norton, Bill Murray, Scarlett Johansson, Jeff Goldblum, Greta Gerwig and Tilda Swinton.

7. BENJI- NETFLIX

Benji is a modern adaptation of the 1974 film of the same name. Starring Gabriel Bateman, Darby Camp and Kiele Sanchez, the film revolved around an orphaned puppy Benji who lives a regular life as a stray dog, roaming on the streets, playing with kids and teasing the town’s cats. However, when two of his favourite kids get kidnapped for ransom, Benji sets out on an adventurous mission to rescue them.

8. TOGO – DISNEY + HOTSTAR

Starring Willem Dafoe, Julianne Nicholson, Christopher Heyerdahl, Michael Gaston; the film revolves around a musher and Togo, his trained Siberian Husky and how the two played a monumental role in the “1925 serum run to Nome”. The film is said to be based on a real story from 1925 where dog-sled teams raced through toughest weather conditions to bring back the serum to cure the diphtheria outbreak in Nome.

9. A DOG’S JOURNEY- HULU

• 

Based on the novel of the same name by W. Bruce Cameron and a sequel to the 2017 film A Dog’s Purpose, this comedy-drama film revolves around Bailey who dies and reincarnates as different dogs and lives through various decades with different owners. In this film, after leaving the side of his first best friend Ethan, he makes a promise to stay and protect his granddaughter, with whom he stays as Molly (his reincarnation). How Molly brings love and happiness in the granddaughter’s life and helps her reunite with Ethan weaves the plot of this beautiful story.

10. EIGHT BELOW- YOUTUBE

Starring Paul Walker, this survival drama is a remake of the 1983 Japanese film Antarctica. The film centres around three scientists on an expedition to Antarctica and a group of sled dogs they meet there. Although the film featured some of the prominent names, it was totally owned by the canine cast who showed the true meaning of friendship and loyalty as they brave the harsh weather conditions while waiting for their human to come and rescue them.

Is getting a job in India a major task? Millions of young working people from the age group of 20-30 years are in the toughest spot of employment opportunities declining and disruption in India due to coronavirus pandemic and frequent lockdowns. Well, a large portion of employed people is unemployed in April in the previous lockdown. It has been difficult since many people are homeless and many have returned to their native places. It has been tough for them to be back on the payroll as getting a job is been difficult and most of the companies, offices has decreased the staff to 50% quantity for cutting down the salaries of employees and many companies are also cutting cost to maintain the economic slowdown. According to the monitoring Indian economy, 1.8 Crores of salaried people have lost their jobs since 25th March 2020, and 50 lakhs were reported in July.

One of the major issues of employment in India is poor infrastructure, and lack of skill-based schools and colleges. The highest number of unemployed have in Guwahati which is almost 3 lakh. Our education system is mainly concerned with the quality, knowledge, and written examination more than practical knowledge. Because of these reasons, even after graduation getting a job is a difficult task while interviewing many of them face issues regarding confidence and skills. But as we all the world has been changed in few months because of noble corona virus. We all know how students have given their exams, from home and online exams are known to be the easiest as there is no invigilator to check upon kids. Though all are not the same one point we, do know. For example, Today there was this ad in the newspaper regarding hiring new employees. In that ad,  it was 2021 pass-outs are not allowed for this job requirement. This clearly showed what will be the impact on students on not getting any jobs. Another example is, one of my cousins applied for the job in a very big and renowned ad company in Mumbai, perhaps having a good CV and smartness she didn’t get the job there. She’s interning in that company itself but not on the level she deserves. This clearly explains how corona virus has got all of us into it. Within a month, unemployment increased 6.7% in March to 26% in April. It is reported that 45% of the households have been dropped.

Most of the Indian population won’t be able to handle this because there will be no savings for future purposes if the situation continues, which will affect the future generation. All in all our education system is vague and even after one dedicates 15 years of its short life he struggles to get a 15,000 salary. We need to rethink this, the system needs to be changed, our thoughts and beliefs need to be changed.

MEANING

A learning disorder characterised by difficulty reading.Dyslexia occurs in children with normal vision and intelligence.

Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects your ability to read, spell, write, and speak. Kids who have it are often smart and hardworking, but they have trouble connecting the letters they see to the sounds those letters make.

what causes dyslexia?

It’s linked to genes, which is why the condition often runs in families. You’re more likely to have dyslexia if your parents, siblings, or other family members have it.The condition stems from differences in parts of the brain that process language. Imaging scans in people with dyslexia show that areas of the brain that should be active when a person reads don’t work proper.

SYMTOM

Symptoms include late talking, learning new words slowly and a delay in learning to read.

KEY WORDS TO REMEMBER

Difficult to read

Difficult to spell

slow read

stammering

mispronouncing

Difficult to understand the meaning

Not able to sound

HERE ARE THE SYMPTOMS

Difficulty reading, including reading aloud Slow and labor-intensive reading and writing Problems spelling Avoiding activities that involve reading Mispronouncing names or words, or problems retrieving words Trouble understanding jokes or expressions that have a meaning not easily understood from the specific words (idioms), such as “piece of cake” meaning “easy”

Inability to sound out the pronunciation of an unfamiliar word Difficulty spelling Spending an unusually long time completing tasks that involve reading or writing Avoiding activities that involve reading.

TEENS AND ADULTS

Teens and adults Dyslexia signs in teens and adults are similar to those in children. Some common dyslexia signs and symptoms in teens and adults include

Difficulty summarizing

a story Trouble learning

a foreign language Difficulty

memorizing Difficulty

doing math problems

SCHOOL STUDENT

Once your child is in school, dyslexia signs and symptoms may become more apparent, including:Reading well below the expected level for age Problems processing and understanding what he or she hears Difficulty finding the right word or forming answers to questions Problems remembering the sequence of things Difficulty seeing (and occasionally hearing) similarities and differences in letter of words

WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR

Though most children are ready to learn reading by kindergarten or first grade, children with dyslexia often can’t grasp the basics of reading by that time. Talk with your doctor if your child’s reading level is below what’s expected for his or her age or if you notice other signs of dyslexia.When dyslexia goes undiagnosed and untreated, childhood reading difficulties continues…

“meaning “

The action Or business of promoting and selling products Or serives, including market research and advertising.

work include at work include television commercials, billboards on the side of the road, magazine advertisement.

“types of marketing”

. Social marketing

. Green marketing

. Service marketing

. Direct marketing

. Holistic marketing

“basic principles of marketing

*7p’s of marketing include

product,

price,

promotion,

place,

people,

process,

physical evidence.

some articles.

1. What creativity looks like in marketing today—one of my favorite lines is this one _”people are the new channel.the way to amplify impact is by inspiring creativity in others”.

2.we analyzed—-we love this article because it remains us that while the google algorithm changes every day, in factor never changes.

some interesting slogan relating marketing:

1. Confortable to the digital world
2. Helping you move onwards digitally
3. Endless possibilities with marketing
4. The top marketing agent
5. Brilliance is our professional.

MARKETING relates area;

1. Distribution-(the action of sharing something out among a number of recipients.)
2. Consumer behaviour-(the way in which on acts or conduct oneself especially towards others. )
3. Relationship marketing-(in the transactional model the return on customer acquisition cost may be in sufficient. )
4. Brand marketing-(is the function of marketing that uses techiques to increase the perceived value of a product line or brand over time.
5. Non_profits-(non profit marketing refers to activities and strategies that spread the message of the organization.

MARKETING channel

1. Direct selling
2. Selling through intermediate
3. Dual distribution
4. Reverse channel.

10tips to increase sales for small businesses

1. Asl question and listen
2. Showcase your full potential
3. Assume the sales
4. Stand out
5. Tell your story visually
6. Overcoming objections in sales
7. Don’t fear giving away too much up front
8. Understand what motivaties your customer to buy
9. push for a decision
10. Always over deliver.

scopes of marketing:

marketing is a process designed to plan, price, promote, and distribution want satisfying product and service.

if covers three main activities concentration, dispersion and equalization.

MARKETING confines itself to channel if distribution, marketing function, flow of goods and management.

ADVANTAGES of marketing.

1.an obvious advantage of marketing is the promotion of you business getting the recognition and attention of your target audience across a wide ranging or specific market.

2.every business needs to spend money to make money.

disadvantages of marketing:

main disadvantages Is cost advertising and marketing costs money.

as well as the financial costs. Marketing your business will require investment of time

research shows that people in general have to see a piece of information between 3and 30times before it sinks in.

steps in marketing.

1. Do your research
2. Write a brand summary
3. Define your target audience
4. Add a situation analysis
5. Outline marketing objective
6. Create marketing objective
7. Create the mall strategy
8. List the tactics and implementation.

The worldwide spyware industry has been operating in the shadows for years, with only human rights organisations and journalists exposing it. According to the industry, it is in the business of combating crime and terrorism. However, its members frequently sell to governments that conflate the terms “criminal” and “terrorist” with “critic” and “dissent.”

Over the weekend, Forbidden Stories, a Paris-based media foundation, teamed up with a global consortium of news organisations, including the Post, to expose how phoney the promises of combating crime and terror are. According to the consortium, Israel’s NSO Group has marketed their signature spyware, Pegasus, to clients who have used it against the basic pillars of democratic life: press freedom, telecommunications freedom, and freedom of expression.

Pegasus, like other tools, converts journalists’ phones, opposition lawmakers’ phones, and nonviolent activists’ phones into real-time spying devices. Hundreds of journalists and politicians from Hungary, India, Mexico, Morocco, and other countries are among the phone numbers named as spyware targets in a leaked list.

Hundreds of companies compete for a slice of the lucrative private surveillance pie all around the world. Some apps allow for intrusions into a person’s phone or tablet. Others create surveillance software, malicious facial recognition software, direct access to Internet traffic, and user data and communications.

They sell and service their products to government clients regardless of their status. We are on the verge of a worldwide surveillance technology disaster, with an avalanche of tools being shared across borders and governments failing to impose export or usage restrictions.

The international community needs to act to rein in the global spyware industry. The following should be included in the endeavour. To begin, states should impose a ban on the sale and transfer of spyware technology until a worldwide export policy can detect and restrict these tools.

Governments should negotiate a regime that, among other things, carefully defines the technologies in question; requires transparent human-rights assessments for the development and transfer of any such tools; includes a public registry of tools, companies, and clients; and allows public comment in the case of any export application. If a worldwide regime fails to be bold enough, democratic countries should agree to prohibit both domestic and international use of spyware.

The European Union just took a small step toward regulating surveillance technology trade, not only because of the threat to national security, but also because of the threat to human rights. However, the fact that Viktor Orban’s government in Hungary is listed as a client of NSO Group in the Pegasus Project demonstrates why simply regulating the trade in spyware systems is insufficient. After all, European officials are disingenuous in seeking restrictions on the trade in spyware systems when Europeans market the techniques of choice. It’s even more difficult to be credible when the European Union uses the latest spyware techniques to track dissent.

Israel’s double standard is particularly evident. NSO Group, as well as other spyware companies such as Candiru, which Microsoft accused of selling tools to get into Windows last week, are based in the country. It is critical that Israel reins in its spyware industry and joins democratic nations in combating the spread of technology that mimic commercial intelligence agencies. Second, export control isn’t the only instrument at your disposal for limiting spyware’s propagation.

For any use of spyware, governments adopting these technologies must establish transparent, rule-of-law-based criteria. Any government that does not adopt such rules — or has a history of abuse — should be placed on a global no-transfer list. Democracies and authoritarian governments are likely to split out soon. Third, spyware victims must be allowed to sue governments and firms participating in the monitoring sector.

Individuals are frequently victimised by agents working beyond their boundaries due to the prevalence of transnational repression, while domestic law frequently creates impediments to accountability. Those impediments must be removed. Finally, multi-stakeholder constraints must be imposed on the firms themselves. The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, a global benchmark for corporate human rights practise, are said to be followed by the NSO Group. It, on the other hand, does not subject its policy to any independent review.

The international community should work toward a worldwide code of behaviour and halt the growth of spyware for repression, taking a leaf from the campaign to control the private mercenary sector. The current discoveries regarding NSO’s Pegasus software’s reach and dangers are the latest, and hopefully final, wake-up call for the private spyware sector to be reined in.

When you’re interviewing for a job, the little things can make a big difference. Even a small mistake can cost you a job offer. Take the time to prepare so you can make the best possible impression at every job interview you go on.

These interview techniques cover all the basics you need to know polish up your interview technique and ace a job interview.

1) Be punctual

It is mandatory to be on time at a job interview. Not just on time: come early. It will show your future boss how punctual and organized you are. If you’re not 10 minutes early, you’re 10 minutes late!

2) Do research on the company

You need to know the company like the back of your hand. Make sure to visit their website and collect information about their history and values. In addition, they might ask you why you’re applying for this position.

Tip: work on the job offer to be ready to answer questions about the job. Per example: What are the tasks related to the job?

3) Body Language (nonverbal communication)

Nonverbal communication plays a major role in a job interview. Are you looking at your feet? Do you have your arms crossed? Do you lean on the back of your chair? All these signs will show inward-looking attitudes to the interviewer and he won’t feel free to get to know you better. Make sure to keep this in mind. Also, employers will be looking at your appearance and how you present yourself. Dress sober and clean.

Tip: Don’t forget to give a nice and firm handshake to the employer before and after the interview.

4) Be polite

Give your best smile and be friendly with every employee you will meet. The employer might ask employees what they thought about you after your interview.

5) Be prepared for your interview

If you want to show how serious and motivated you are about the job, always bring with you your CV, cover letter and references. The employer will be impressed by your organizational skills! 

Sources

https://in.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/interview-preparation

https://www.prospects.ac.uk/careers-advice/interview-tips/how-to-prepare-for-an-interview

Writing a resume requires a balance of finesse and attention-to-detail to land an interview for the role you seek. It’s all about presenting your professional brand in a way that will pique the interest of a hiring manager.

There’s more than one way to write a resume. But writing a good resume is easier said than done, especially if you lack formal work experience. However, there are some resume-writing tips that can help you present your best skills and top achievements to potential employers.

Writing Prep

Before you start writing your resume, there are a few things you’ll need to prepare. Remember, each resume you write should be customized to an individual role.

To ensure you have all the information you need at your fingertips, keep the following in mind:

• Look at the job ad to understand the role.
• List your applicable soft, hard and technical skills.
• Highlight important job duties from each of your previous positions.

Choosing the Resume Format

Before you start writing anything, the first step is to decide on the right format for your resume. There are three basic resume formats used by job seekers today: reverse-chronological, functional, and combination.

• Chronological resume format
• Functional resume format
• Combination resume format

So, which format is the best?

Fortunately, there’s a simple answer: the reverse chronological format is the best choice for the vast majority of job seekers. Most employers are used to seeing chronological resumes, and it’s considered the standard format for job seekers in every industry.

Why? Because for most new and mid-level professionals the chronological format is the best way to showcase their blossoming career.

Resume objective

The professional summary is how you grab a reader’s attention and express your career goals and interest in three to five sentences. It is usually the section hiring managers spend the most time on, so it should be both succinct and customized to the job posting.

Use this section if:

• I am an entry-level applicant.
• I do not have in-depth experience in the industry.
• I am a recent college graduate.

Don’t if:

• I have a wealth of industry-specific skill sets.
• I am changing career paths.

Here are two examples of career objectives:

1. “Dedicated marketing professional with 12 years of experience looking to explore a career in design.”
2. “Recent graduate looking to pursue a career at a pharmaceutical company in chemical research.”

Writing your work experience section

Employers want to see the impact your work has had in your previous jobs, so your work experience should be more than just a list of responsibilities. Results matter and numbers are powerful. Regardless of your role, it’s usually possible to find data or metrics that prove your impact in previous roles. Some tips:

• List your jobs in reverse-chronological order. Add your most recent position first. If you have many years of experience or have changed jobs often, focus on the first 10 years of your employment history.
• Show off the positive. Did you give great advice to customers or improve a less than effective program? Then let your future employers know so they can see what you’d bring to the table if you are hired.
• Don’t forget keywords. Whenever possible, use keywords from the job ad to describe your accomplishments and job duties. Use the same language as the job posting. Don’t clutter your resume with buzzwords because you think you should. Use your real experience to prove that you’re a great fit.

Completing the resume

Now that you’ve written the bulk of your resume, it’s time to focus on the finer details of your document. Listing out your educational experience proves your industry qualifications and lets employers know you are a good fit.

To start, your header/contact information should be in a font that is professional and easy to read. Make sure to double-check your contact information for accuracy. Add the finishing touches to your resume by including:

• Links to your portfolio or website, if applicable
• Link to your LinkedIn profile
• Details about special training and certifications, if applicable
• Information about awards and honors you’ve won, if they are relevant to the role
• Languages
• Volunteer work
• Industry conferences

Edit and proofread your resume

• Fact-check the details. Double-check things like dates and the spelling of company or school names and that all of your contact information is accurate and up to date.
• Proofread your resume. Your hard work on making the resume most presentable will go down the drain if your resume is full of spelling and grammatical errors. Read the page from top to bottom before deeming it ready for recruiters. Whenever possible, send your document to a trusted friend for a fresh set of eyes.

SOURCES

https://resumegenius.com/blog/resume-help/how-to-write-a-resume

https://www.livecareer.com/resources/resumes/how-to/write/8-simple-steps

Bollywood and sports are without a doubt the most popular industries in India. And when they both come together, one should expect nothing less than a classic film for people of all age groups. The story of an underdog’s success, a biopic about a famous sports star or a forgotten hero, Bollywood has given us a number of ‘must watch’ movies. Here are 20 Bollywood Sports Movies that you absolutely should not miss:

1Jannat

Ohh, this movie! Drama, Romance, Cricket – it has everything you need in a Bollywood movie. Emraan Hashmi finds cricket match-fixing as a shortcut to earn a lot of money. He marries the girl of his dreams without telling her about his wrongdoings. But all hell breaks loose when the girl realizes where Emraan’s gets his luxurious living from. 

The movie shows the ugly side of cricket which has been in the news for the past few decades. You get a closer look in the world of match-fixing and betting. And although there is a lot of drama in the movie, the storyline and the character played by Emraan Hashmi makes this a must watch movie.

2Ferrari Ki Sawaari

Yes, there will be a lot of movies related to cricket in this list. Because let’s face it, Cricket and Bollywood simply cannot be separated.

Ferrari Ki Sawaari is the movie about an honest father who goes out of his ways to help his son’s Cricket career. Sharman Joshi plays the role of a father who wants nothing but his son to succeed in Cricket. Boman Irani, on the other hand, does not want his grandson to get into the game where the competition can crush millions of dreams. Sharman’s son is selected for the training camp at the Lord’s and has a chance to play with none other than Sachin Tendulkar.

The only problem is Sharman is a clerk in the office and does not have the money to send his son to London. So the honest man decides to get his hands dirty for money – by stealing Sachin’s Ferrari for a day. The fun ride begins when he gets in trouble for the million dollar car. 

The movie beautifully portrays how, despite being the nation with most opportunities in Cricket, we still miss out on a few gems who simply cannot afford to risk their livelihood to spend money on the game where they might or might not become successful due to the insane competition. 

3Soorma

Biopics about Hockey players are a rarity in India. But the story of Sandeep Singh, the former Indian captain, is tailor-made for Bollywood.

Nicknamed Flicker Singh, the penalty corner specialist was accidentally shot in the back in Kalka Shatabdi Express train in 2006. Only 20 at the time of the accident, Sandeep Singh was almost paralyzed and had to spend a year on the wheelchair. The chances of him ever playing Hockey again were very bleak. 

But the warrior that he was, Singh returned to the field, became the captain of India and played a crucial role in securing the Olympic qualification for London 2012. The movie brilliantly shows Singh’s determination to return after an injury and efforts he puts in to achieve his goal. 

4Apne

Apne is a classic Bollywood Sports movie about the family of boxers. The legendary actor, Dharmendra plays the role of a former boxer, falsely accused of doping. In order to get his reputation back, Dharmendra tries hard to train his both sons to win the championship. And the story of their struggle, hard work, and eventual success is truly remarkable.

Apne shows how a sport can bond the family and how they will put their lives on the line to climb to the top of the mountain.

5Chain Kulii Ki Main Kulii

An example of how sports and comedy can be perfectly mixed in a movie. Chain Kulii Ki Main Kulii is a story of an orphan who finds a ‘Magic Bat’ which helps him get into the struggling Indian cricket team.

The kid goes on to achieve success and fame with his performances. But can he succeed without magic? Was it the bat that had the magic or was it the kid himself? An entertaining movie with a beautiful ending, Chain Kulii Ki Main Kulii, is a must watch even for adults.

6Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar

Although not exactly a Sports movie, Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar will always be remembered as the ‘Cycle Racing’ movie. The movie shows the rivalry between two colleges, Rajput College, for rich kids and the Model College, for students from middle-class families. 

Aamir Khan plays the role of a happy-go-lucky student who hardly cares about a rivalry. But circumstance make him mature and he decides to make up for it in the marathon Cycle race. The movie takes a proper Bollywood turn in the middle, with subplots about love and relationships, but for a sports fan, this line is all you need to keep yourself motivated: 

“Woh sikandar hi dosto kehlata hai, Haari baazi ko jeetna jise aata hai” (Real Champion is the one who can steal the win from the jaws of defeat)

7Azhar

The story of the former Indian cricket captain Mohammad Azharuddin’s life was nothing short of a movie itself. And it was eventually made into a biopic in 2016 with Emraan Hashmi playing the role of Azhar.

Azharuddin was the most successful captain of the Indian team before he was banned for life in a match-fixing scandal in 2000. The batsman was also famous for his off-field controversies, especially his affair with former Miss India Sangeeta Bijlani. The movie shows everything from Azhar’s hard work in the early days to his controversies, although with a lot of ‘masala’ in it.

8Budhia Singh – Born to Run

Definitely not the most glamorous and popular sports biopic, this movie is a story of the youngest marathon runner. Budhia Singh of Odisha ran 65 kilometers in seven hours and two minutes in 2006 when he was just five years old. He made it to the Limca Book of world record as the world’s youngest marathon runner. Singh had completed 48 marathons by the time he was only five. 

But Singh’s story goes beyond the marathon. His mother sold him to a traveling salesman due to poverty before taking him back and sending him to a local judo coach and an orphanage operator. Singh’s coach, Biranchi Das, played by Manoj Bajpayee in the movie, was murdered in 2008 by a local gangster. But before his death, Das was questioned for his treatment towards Budhia Singh, who had earned fame and money due to his records. 

9Saala Khadoos

Yet another gem of a movie, completely ignored by most of the fans. R. Madhavan plays the lead role of a boxer who never made it to the big stage due to dirty politics. But a few years later, he returns to the ring, this time as a coach of the women’s boxing team. 

He faces adversities while coaching as well but eventually helps a fish seller, to win the World Boxing Championship. The movie is not far from the reality in India, where women athletes are still facing difficulties in training and partiality in selection.

10Paan Singh Tomar

Paan Singh Tomar was a soldier in the Indian Army, who won the gold medal in the steeplechase at the National Games. In fact, Tomar was the 7-time National champion in the 1950s. 

But his life took an ugly turn when he returned to his village after retirement. Tomar was involved in the family dispute where one thing led to another and the former National Champion ended up murdering eight people. He was eventually shot dead by Police after a few years of laying low and running away from them.

In the movie, Irrfan Khan plays the role of Pan Singh Tomar and the actor has absolutely nailed it, winning the National Award for the ‘Best Actor’.

11Mary Kom

This one needs no introduction – the story of 6-time World Champion and an Olympic Bronze medallist, Mary Kom. The boxer had to fight against poverty, gender discrimination before making her name in the field of boxing.

Even after her first few World Championships, Mary Kom had to take a hiatus after delivering twins in 2007. And the story of her return to the ring was just as inspirational as her early days. Priyanka Chopra plays the role of the legendary boxer in the movie. 

12Sultan

It is not a rare sight to see fame going into an athlete’s head. But it is important how they react to it once they realize the mistake. Sultan Ali Khan, played by Salman Khan starts wrestling just to impress his love interest, Anushka Sharma. He eventually wins her heart and also becomes an Olympic Gold medallist in the process.

But an arrogant and selfish Sultan is left alone after his wife leaves him after their newborn’s death. But Sultan realizes his mistake and eventually returns to fight in MMA League, fights hard to get back in the shape and eventually wins both League and his wife back.

13M. S. Dhoni: The Untold Story

The untold story of the most successful captain of the Indian cricket team, M. S. Dhoni. The movie shows the story behind the MS Dhoni we see today – The efforts he put in for years and his journey from the goalkeeper of a school team to a Ticket Collector to the World Cup winning captain.

Sushant Singh Rajput does a brilliant job of playing the former captain’s role. The actor nailed Dhoni’s look, his famous batting style, and whatnot. The movie was a huge success thanks to Dhoni’s popularity. 

14Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal

One of the very few Bollywood movies about Football, Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal is the story of a football club in England, which mainly consists of players from the subcontinental background. The club is considered below average in comparison with other teams in the league.

But with passion, hard work and their key player, played by John Abraham, they manage to surprise everyone. But John now has a decision to make before last few games – Will he play for the team of his people or a bigger club which is infamous for racism? 

15Gold

It is a story of India’s first Hockey gold medal at the Olympics as an independent nation. Indian Hockey Team was absolutely dominant in the 1930s, winning three consecutive Olympic Gold medals, 1928, 1932 and 1936. But they won it playing as British India, representing the Union Jack Flag.

The manager of the team, Akshay Kumar, wants India to win the Gold medal as an independent nation, playing for the Tricolour flag. He starts to prepare a team for the 1948 Olympics but suffers after few of his players leave after the partition of India. 

Despite facing difficulties, India manages to win the gold medal, their first as an independent nation and definitely not the last one.

16Iqbal

A criminally underrated movie, Iqbal is the story of a deaf and mute boy from a small village who dreams of playing for India.

Shreyas Talpade plays the lead role of Iqbal, who is often dispirited by his father for dreaming of becoming a cricketer. But his sister helps him find a coach to fulfill his dream. After a bit of dirty politics, Iqbal eventually finds a place in the Ranji team where he grabs selector’s attention with his fiery bowling. 

The boy from a village, who can neither talk nor listen, then gets a place into the national team just with his hard work and determination. What is your excuse to not succeed?

17Dangal

We are getting into ‘Everyone has watched it, but how the hell can we keep them out of the list’ territory of the movies now.

Dangal is the story of a father who wants his kids to complete his dream of representing India in wrestling. And that did not stop him from asking his daughters to wrestle. Aamir Khan plays the role of a father, who receives backlash for training his daughters but he eventually succeeds as they both win the Gold medal at the Commonwealth Games.

This is the story of India’s first ever Gold medallist in women’s wrestling, Geeta Phogat and her sister, Babita Phogat The sisters were coached by their father Mahavir Singh Phogat.  

18Bhaag Milkha Bhaag

The biopic based on the life of ‘The Flying Sikh’ – Milkha Singh. In one of the best Bollywood movies ever made, Farhan Akhtar plays the role of Milkha Singh brilliantly as the story shows the athlete’s struggle in the early days and his rise to the top.

Milkha Singh’s childhood was marred by the partition of India, where he lost his parents. He eventually becomes an athlete in the Indian Army. After his failure at the 1956 Olympics, Milkha trains harder than ever to make a name for himself. And he did make a name for himself – The Flying Sikh, named by none other than the Prime Minister of Pakistan.

If you ever find yourself low on motivation, this is the movie to watch.

19Lagaan

Lagaan is the story of people from a small town who challenge the British Officers, for a match in order to cancel the taxes (Lagaan). Aamir Khan, the leader of the team, manages to gather a group of people who are nothing but beginners in Cricket. 

But the team manages to upset the British, with a victory off the last ball. The movie became an instant hit in India and even managed to win an Oscar nomination. To this day, every Indian victory against England is compared to Lagaan. 

20Chak De! India

Without a doubt, the best Bollywood Sports movie of all time. Chak De India is a story of an underdog team winning the Hockey World Cup with the help of a coach, in search of redemption.

Shah Rukh Khan plays the role of a coach, who decides to train the women’s Hockey team, years after he missed a crucial penalty stroke against Pakistan as a player. He finds difficulties during training, as the federation is not really keen on helping women’s team.

But against all odds, Shah Rukh and his girls make it to the final of the World Cup and eventually winning in in the penalty shoot-out. The movie became insanely popular in India and Chak De! India became a go-to slogan for all the sports team in the country.

Every painting has a unique definition of its own , the artists immortalise themselves with these masterpieces . Here are a list of famous paintings that will surely amaze you.

STARRY NIGHT – This beautiful art piece was created by Vincent Van Gogh , a Dutch painter in June 1889 . He painted this while he was in an asylum of Saint-Paul-de-Mausole. The value of this painting is well above 100 million dollars .You can visit Museum of Modern Art in New York City if you wish to see this beautiful art work.

GIRL WITH A PEARL EARRING – This magnificent oil painting is by another Dutch painter , Johannes Vermeer. It has been nicknamed as Mona Lisa of the North . This painting is housed in Mauritshuis , the art museum in The Hague , Netherlands. This painting also is an inspiration behind a movie and a novel.

THE PERSISTENCE OF MEMORY – This was painted by the famous painter Salvador Dalí in 1931. This painting is a symbol of surrealism . This painting now resides in the Museum of Modern Art , in New York City . Its net worth is between 50 to 150 million dollars .

MONA LISA – This half length portrait painting was painted by the Italian painter Leonardo Da Vinci . The painting was also stolen once by Vincenzo Peruggia , an Italian thief. it’s the most valuable painting in the world . This painting is in Louvre Museum , Paris and has a net worth of 860 million dollars

In the wake of the covid-19 pandemic and frequent lockdown, an Over The Top (OTT) platform has taken over the whole business of theatres and the media industry. Due to this, one noteworthy trend of OTT platforms has changed and compelled the usage of it more innovatively. In the past year, the usage of OTT platforms has increased due to the restrictions on traveling and many other things which led people to seek their entertainment online like never before. The biggest interruption was the accelerated shift of watching content on big screens to small screens. This thing doubled the usage of internet users which led to the increase in subscription of all the OTT platforms. Subscription of top OTTs led to the increment of 55-60 percent. Covid-29 has made it clear about the vital importance to be online and create enormous content to engage with a large amount of audience. As a result, more and more content is being created for the target audience. Netflix, Prime Video, Hotstar among others are the prevailing consumer in the OTT platform. But covid-19 presented these OTTs to many users and opportunities for entry into these platforms.

The emergence of OTT platforms has disrupted the entertainment industry. Although, it does have some positive side and negative side. OTT platforms had made it convenient, affordable, and easily accessible for the watchers to watch their favorite TV shows, movies, etc.  Reports say that the average time spends by each Consumer has gone from 20-50 min during this time. With the extension of Lockwood and the current situation, OTT is seeking a new normal. The big players in the film industry might have been discomfort regarding OTT as the new normalcy. But  Due to this films have been bearing a great loss, numerous big projects are on hold and the loss they are bearing is almost around INR 30 billion. sell ve gone down due to the effective impact on financial services, socio-economic problems. The launch of series, movies, etc on the DTH and OTT platforms will collect billions of viewers worldwide. The production house will make millions in the first week itself. The cinemas can see the multi-million film release but have to take the risk of minimizing guarantee deals for covering the production cost.

OTT platforms are creating more impact in our daily lives.
Disadvantage:
1. The content which is streamed is only available to those who have access to the internet and they are not available to some of the rural areas.
2. Unstable wife connection will be the disadvantage for the user to watch on HD quality stream as it needs proper connection. A proper network will not be an interruption for media content. If you want to watch in HD quality, you must have 2MBPs of internet connection.
3. All OTT platforms need personal confidential information for paying for the subscription except HBO, Netflix, Prime Video, etc. Any cybercrime can happen on such sites. Though the securities are tight they may sometimes weaken the ropes.
4. OTT platforms are on their own, the government doesn’t have any right to put laws and regulations. As they are non-censored and there is no age limitation, it’s free to age limit. It creates an increase in viewership. This is the greatest disadvantage.
5. Users are more likely to Westheimer time on OTT platforms whether it is during classes, school, college’s or while studying, mostly are kids and teenagers. The Jump from one series to another and let them keep busy in that stuff rather than being active and doing something creative.

The film industry went through ups and down due to shifts in the industry when all the Bollywood mainstream were bypassed to OTT releases. This trend will be continuing shortly as this was going to be our future in the next 25 years, then why not now? As people are afraid of going to theatres for a while. As of now, it’s covid-19 time, so it’s OTT’s time. The whole family can sit together and watch it together. All those impacts have a different place and watching together is a different thing because everything has both pros and cons.

Creativity is the most difficult thinking skill to acquire, and also the most sought-after. We value it in our music, entertainment, technology, and other aspects of our existence. We appreciate and yearn for it because it enriches our understanding and can make life easier.

1. Keep learning

Once you’ve developed some creative skills, it’s important to keep on challenging yourself and acquiring new knowledge to inspire you and help you grow. Whether you simply make an effort to read more in your spare time, or look into taking more actual courses, constant learning is vital to boost your creativity.

2. Do what you love

When you actually love your job, you are naturally going to be more inspired and enthusiastic about creative problem solving and coming up with new ideas. A task that you keep putting off is going to be very difficult to approach with a positive, creative attitude.

Find a hobby that lets you be creative that you love to do, such as playing an instrument, painting, or even a sport that completely places you in the present.

3. Take a break

Although creativity is absolutely a skill you can train yourself to be better, it’s important to also not put too much pressure on yourself. If you’ve been sitting at your desk for hours desperately seeking new ideas and solutions and coming up with nothing, take a break.

Get a change of scenery, clear your head, and take your mind off the task at hand: when you come back to it with a fresh set of eyes, you might suddenly find the idea you’ve been waiting for sitting in front of you the entire time!

4. Surround Yourself With Inspiration

Surroundings also play a role in the creative process. Stimulating environments can facilitate creativity, so surrounding yourself with things that you find inspiring and motivating can help.

5. Make time for creativity

Many people make the mistake of simply waiting for inspiration to strike, and therefore don’t see creativity as a skill that can be honed and developed when you need it. Try to re-frame the way you see your creative skills and actually make time for creative thinking.

Conclusion

Creativity is not given to certain few individuals at birth. Most psychologists agree that creativity is equally distributed within the population. The truth is, most people use only a small portion of their natural creative abilities. However, if you implement the above tips, you will definitely notice a considerable improvement in your creative thinking abilities.

Sources

https://www.verywellmind.com/the-most-unusual-psychological-tricks-to-boost-your-creativity-4022442

https://www.edutopia.org/article/4-ways-develop-creativity-students

Development

The game Ghost of Tsushima is open world samurai game made by Sucker Punch Productions and was released in 2020 . The sucker punch productions have bought us many wonderful video games series like infamous, sky copper etc

Game setting

This game is set on real life incident in late 13th century Japan on tsushima island as the mongol invasion takes place. In which almost every samurai were killed by the mongols . The invasion of Tsushima wa the first step in capturing mainland Japan. But when the mongols set sail for a the mainland a typhoon came and destroyed their ship thus saving Japan.

Story

In this game player have control over a samurai named Jin Sakai who is the last of his clan and also last of the few remaining samurais.

In this the game the mongol invasion is led by a mongol leader known as khotun khan who claims that he is the grandson of Genghis Khan. In the early part of the game jin realises that the samurai ways won’t work against this new enemy , fighting with honor will only get more and more people be killed by the mongols so jin has to resort to tactics like assassination and poision enemy which were against the samurai code as these tactics had no honor,it was believed that only cowards use these tactics and a samurai doesn’t, that is jin had to break his samurai code and becomes the ghost.

The game is divided in 3 acts , every acts unlocks a certain play area. In order to defeat the mongols jin had to gather allies which help him throughout the game. Throughout the game jin struggles to find his way as the ghost of Tsushima.

World environment

Exploration is one of the main parts of ghost of Tsushima as it rewards you with various items which become essential in the late game, in order to make the game more enjoyable players can learn various mythical abilities which are really fun to use.

Thier are various shrines located across Tsushima which can be found by exploring the map, the shrines also reward you with a certain type of item. One of the things that I liked the most about ghost of Tsushima is that how beautiful this game can be at certain times, players can also composed haiku (poems) which also makes exploration worth it.

Verdict

During my time playing ghost of Tsushima I did noticed some points where the game could improve but the experience calls for itself. The game also allows players to do various side activities like bamboo cutting , taking a bath in hot springs, pet a fox etc which are very enjoyable. I really enjoyed the main story and the ending concludes the game in the best way possible. If I wad to rate this game I would give this 10/10 score and I think everyone must play this game at least one.

Stepping home alone and feeling uncomfortable? Getting a weird vibe from a stranger on the bus?Fear of going out at night?

Verbal harassment was the most common form.

Many women are dealing with these issues and undergoing some aspect of sexual harassment, assault or both in their lifetime.

Even if you’ve personally never felt yourself in a circumstance that made you feel uneasy, you must learn how to escape yourself on your own.

All of us(women) should have to know How can we give them a befitting reply?

Ever since he started contributing to the world of cinema, Gulzar’s artistic creations have been a joy to behold. And even though for the world at large his lyrical compositions have been his calling card, cinephiles are aware of how he is also an equally brilliant director. 

Throughout his career, Gulzar has gifted Hindi cinema movies that explored a wide array of subjects and presented characters that stayed with us long after the movie was over. But perhaps his true genius as a director lay in the fact that he presented the kind of movies (original and adaptations) which are relevant even today, though the era in which they were created has long gone by:

1. Maachis

This 1996 political drama, starring Tabu, Jimmy Shergill and Chandrachur Singh, attempts to unearth the root cause of terrorism. An extremely moving tale, expertly supported by brilliant performances from all actors, Maachis is a story that is both, personal and political at the same time. Gulzar managed to infuse an emotional depth to each character, while also adding an objective realism to the story that sets it apart from just another tale of ‘misguided youth’. 

2. Angoor

Inspired by Shakespeare’s Comedy of Errors, Angoor starred Sanjeev Kumar and Deven Verma in the titular role and is easily one of Bollywood’s finest comedies. Of course, Sanjeev Kumar’s straight-faced dialogue delivery made the suspicious Ashok so much more than just a comic character. But the seemingly simple plot took an altogether refreshing turn under Gulzar’s expert direction. 

3. Aandhi

Though widely regarded as just a political drama, Aandhi was actually a romantic tale as well. Starring Sanjeev Kumar and Suchitra Sen in the lead roles, it presented a love story far ahead of its times, where feminism was as central to the theme as political ambitions. It was a brilliantly sensitive take on the duality of approach when it comes to females in political positions. A special mention to the brilliant soundtrack, with lyrics by Gulzar of course. 

4. Parichay

When it comes to romantic family dramas, Gulzar’s Parichay – starring Jeetendra and Jaya Bachchan in lead roles – is a classic. A beautiful portrayal of how love and kindness can mend broken families, this was one of the first movies to show a ‘non-macho’ hero. Though inspired by the Bengali novel, Rangeen Uttarain by Raj Kumar Maitra and the Hollywood movie The Sound of Music, Gulzar managed to imbibe his signature sensibility to the movie, making a wholly different and entertaining story. 

5. Mere Apne

Gulzar’s directorial debut was a fair indication of his vision as a creator. Starring Meena Kumari, Vinod Khanna, and Shatrughan Sinha in the lead roles, the movie was a remake of the National Award-winning Bengali film Apanjan. But it was Gulzar who eliminated the movie’s formulaic aspects to lend it a more authentic feel. 

6. Koshish

Oft considered to be a landmark movie in the world of Indian cinema, Koshishwas a deeply moving tale about a deaf and mute couple’s personal struggle and societal conflicts. Starring Jaya Bachchan and Sanjeev Kumar, the movie was an extremely sensitive take on the plight of differently-abled people and the message it stood for – to make specially-abled people a part of the ‘normal society’ – is still as relevant as ever. 

7. Ijaazat

For the longest time, Hindi cinema has had a very unidimensional view of love and marriage. But with Ijaazat, Gulzar brought forth a story that was as revolutionary as it was realistic. The National Award winning movie, starring Rekha, Naseeruddin Shah, and Anuradha Patel, made an attempt to explore ‘grey’ characters, without binding them in a moral compass. And of course, the song Mera Kuch Samaan, is a classic if there ever was. 

8. Libaas

Starring Naseeruddin Shah, Raj Babbar, and Shabana Azmi, Libaas was based on Gulzar’s short story Seema and explored the story of a woman sexually frustrated in her marriage and looking for an escape. The movie won international acclaim, and was a refreshing take on adultery, for the time it was created in. 

9. Achanak

Inspired by the famous 1958 murder case KM Nanavati v State of Maharashtra, Achanak starred Vinod Khanna in the lead role and won Gulzar a Filmfare nomination for Best Director. The gripping tale is still considered as one of the finest crime dramas. The movie was also noted for having no songs in it. 

10. Khushboo

Starring Jeetendra and Hema Malini, Khushboo was the kind of story that stayed with you long after the runtime was over. The movie was praised for itssimple yet effective narrative, where it presented a beautiful story without resorting to dramatic dialogues or excessive fanfare. The quiet dignity with which the characters conducted themselves was a result of both fine performances and well-developed storylines.

11. Namkeen

Starring Sharmila Tagore, Sanjeev Kumar, Shabana Azmi and Waheeda Rehman in the lead roles, this National Film Award-winning movie was a sensitive (and much needed) take on the how women are ‘supposed’ to sacrifice to survive. One of the few films of the time to have an all-female lead, the movie is still relevant, years after it first released.  

12. Mausam

Mausam is a prime example of Gulzar’s authentic form of storytelling where false notes rarely, if ever, creep in. Starring Sanjeev Kumar and Sharmila Tagore, the movie was the perfect marriage of a great script and dynamic performances. The heartbreaking story of a man who wishes to improve the life of his former lover’s child is effective in its simplicity, because of Gulzar’s directorial vision. 

13. Meera

As the title suggests, the movie is a historical (and not mythological) take on saint Meera’s life. Her devotion to Lord Krishna is renowned and a major source of Hindu folklore. But Gulzar chose her life to express a woman’s struggle for independence and to represent society’s myopic and orthodoxical view of what a woman ‘should’ be like. 

14. Kitaab

In Bollywood’s phase of the ‘angry young man’ dramas, Kitaab was a poetic narrative of not only the innocence of childhood but also the harsh realities of an unequal society. The movie failed commercially, prompting Gulzar to wonder if Bollywood no longer had space for his gentle form of storytelling. Yet, years later, Kitaab still remains a favorite of cinephiles for whom the story was – and always will be – the king.

15. Kinara

Starring Jeetendra, Hema Malini, and Dharmendra, this romantic drama unearthed the anguish of love in a beautiful manner, and the feelings it invoked stayed with the viewer long after the credits had rolled. One of the few Bollywood movies to explore symbolism, it’s a directorial gem. Gulzar’s attention to detail and his ability to bring together various elements – story, soundtrack, acting – was on fine display here. 

16. Hu Tu Tu

Gulzar’s last directorial venture, Hu Tu Tu was a political drama that saw one of the finest performances by Tabu and Suniel Shetty. Exploring the concept of hate politics, Hu Tu Tu was devoid of the trademark romantic gaze that Gulzar lent to his movies. The brutally honest treatment of corruption and politics may not have gone down well with the audience, but there’s no denying that it was an important story to tell. 

These movies are but a small example of Gulzar’s creative genius. Even though after Hu Tu Tu in 1999 he has only contributed to a movie’s soundtrack, one can’t help but wish for his artistic vision to grace the silver screen again. 

The concept of time is self-evident. An hour consists of a certain number of minutes, a day of hours and a year of days. But we rarely think about the fundamental nature of time.

Time is passing non-stop, and we follow it with clocks and calendars. Yet we cannot study it with a microscope or experiment with it. And it still keeps passing. We just cannot say what exactly happens when time passes.

Time is familiar to everyone, yet it’s hard to define and understand. Science, philosophy, religion, and the arts have different definitions of time, but the system of measuring it is relatively consistent.

Time Dilation

We know from Einstein’s special and general relativity that time is relative. It depends on the frame of reference of an observer. This can result in time dilation, where the time between events becomes longer (dilated) the closer one travels to the speed of light. Moving clocks run more slowly than stationary clocks, with the effect becoming more pronounced as the moving clock approaches light speed. Clocks in jets or in orbit record time more slowly than those on Earth, muon particles decay more slowly when falling, and the Michelson-Morley experiment confirmed length contraction and time dilation.

Time Travel

Time travel means moving forward or backward to different points in time, much like you might move between different points in space. Jumping forward in time occurs in nature. Astronauts on the International Space Station jump forward in time when they return to Earth because of its slower movement relative to the station.

The idea of traveling back in time, however, poses problems. One issue is causality or cause and effect. Moving back in time could cause a temporal paradox. The “grandfather paradox” is a classic example. According to the paradox, if you travel back in time and kill your grandfather before your mother or father was born, you could prevent your own birth. Many physicists believe time travel to the past is impossible, but there are solutions to a temporal paradox, such as traveling between parallel universes or branch points.

Time Perception

The human brain is equipped to track time. The suprachiasmatic nuclei of the brain is the region responsible for daily or circadian rhythms. But neurotransmitters and drugs affect time perceptions. Chemicals that excite neurons so they fire more quickly than normal speed up time, while decreased neuron firing slows down time perception. Basically, when time seems to speed up, the brain distinguishes more events within an interval. In this respect, time truly does seem to fly when one is having fun.

Time seems to slow down during emergencies or danger. Scientists at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston say the brain doesn’t actually speed up, but the amygdala becomes more active. The amygdala is the region of the brain that makes memories. As more memories form, time seems drawn out.

The same phenomenon explains why older people seem to perceive time as moving faster than when they were younger. Psychologists believe the brain forms more memories of new experiences than that of familiar ones. Since fewer new memories are built later in life, time seems to pass more quickly.

The Beginning and End of Time

As far as the universe is concerned, time had a beginning. The starting point was 13.799 billion years ago when the Big Bang occurred. We can measure cosmic background radiation as microwaves from the Big Bang, but there isn’t any radiation with earlier origins. One argument for the origin of time is that if it extended backward infinitely, the night sky would be filled with light from older stars.

Will time end? The answer to this question is unknown. If the universe expands forever, time would continue. If a new Big Bang occurs, our time line would end and a new one would begin. In particle physics experiments, random particles arise from a vacuum, so it doesn’t seem likely the universe would become static or timeless. Only time will tell.

SOURCES

https://www.sciencedaily.com/

https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-time-4156799

What are memes? Memes are build up upon pop culture and recent issues, current affairs, memes work as a social commentary. It is an idea, usage, and style or an amusing video or photo captioned with an interesting comment that spreads from person to person in a fraction of seconds through social media platforms. Consideration of memes may vary from person to person and from community to community. Memes were considered as the concept of catchphrases but they somehow evolved into elaborate Structures like gifs, video viral, challenges. Memes are the tiniest thing on the internet which has now become a full-blown cultural phenomenon and are part of our lives in the digital world. It is a free form of entertainment and can influence the way of communicating and interacting with others. Memes are made for the reason to entertain people, viraling a message, or maybe made on purpose.
The social world has gone crazy and sometimes these memes may offend persons a community’s religious and social beliefs. Though meant for fun we have seen instances that let us tear apart in the name of community, religion. What should be done? Whether there should be regulations and restrictions, but again who decides them, who assesses them. We have seen stand-up comedians going to jail for a joke. The meme is something a type of joke or rather a variety of it using the same variant. It lightens up the mood and is relatable to a group of people. The concept of memes has grown so drastically that every person using social media follows the memes. There are various apps for creating personalized memes Indeed memes make a group closer You school mates, college buddies get an opportunity to come closer and laugh over.

This form of joke is new and builds a good sense of humor. But it has to be maintained at the right place and used in the right places to be on a safer side You never know who gets offended on the internet Many of the comedians and celebrities while posting on their social media handles think a lot and when not handled properly they may receive consequences. But at the end of the day, a joke is a joke and it should be taken as a joke.

Are you one of those people who love reading paper books instead of ebooks simply because you love the smell of books? Does the smell of rain falling on dry soil make you more relaxed in comparison to the smell of an essential oil or perfume? Does RD Burman’s music make you happy in a way no one else can? If the answers to all these questions are a big ‘Hell yes’, then you, my friend, are an old soul with a vintage heart. For you simpler things in life matter the most, and in those things you find happiness. 

Remember the times when cinema had vintage feels too? You might not be born in the era, but watching those black-and-white movies will make you feel a great connection with the simpler times.

That was the age when cinema was away from technologies like graphics, VFX and even the vivid colors that appeal to the eye. There weren’t great stunts and illusions, but there were strong plots, great music and brilliant acting. 

To relive the simpler times, watch these classic black-and-white Hindi movies that remain relevant decades later and still leave you impressed. 

1. Awaara (1951)

Cast: Prithviraj Kapoor, Nargis, Raj Kapoor, Leela Chitnis, KN Singh, Shashi Kapoor

We probably didn’t pay attention to this fact but Awaara entered the Cannes Film Festival in 1953. It was nominated for the Grand Prize at a time when many of us didn’t even know about the prestigious film festival. What’s more? The film sold over 200 million tickets overseas. In 2012, the movie made it to the list of All-Time 100 greatest films by TIME.

The movie revolves around innocent Raj Raghunath (Raj Kapoor) and who joins a criminal gang in order to feed his mother. However, when he falls in love with Rita (Nargis), he tries to reform himself. Interestingly, Prithviraj Kapoor, Raj’s real father also plays the role of his real-life father in the movie.

2. Do Bigha Zamin (1953)

Cast: Balraj Sahni, Nirupa Roy, Nazir Hussain, Ratan Kumar, Jagdeep, Murad, Nana Palsikar, Meena Kumari

The film was honoured with All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film. It was also the first Indian film to win the International Prize at the Cannes Film Festival and the first movie to win the Filmfare Best Movie Award.

A poor farmer Shambu Mahato (Balraj Sahni) who lives with his wife Parvati Paro (Nirupa Roy) in a small village becomes a rickshaw puller in Calcutta after being hit by a famine. He has to pay off his debt and save his land.

3. Boot Polish (1954)

Cast: Kumari Naaz, Ratan Kumar, David

At the 1955 Cannes Film Festival, Naaz won the Special Mention to a child actress award for this film. The classic movie also won the Filmfare Award for Best Movie.

The story revolves around siblings Bhola (Rattan Kumar) and Belu (Kumari Naaz), who after the death of their mother are forced by their aunty Kamla Devi (Chanda Burque) to become street beggars. However, with the help of Uncle John (David Abraham), they decide to go against their aunty and lead a respectful life.

4. Shree 420 (1955)

Cast: Raj Kapoor, Nargis, Nadira

The highest-grossing Indian film of 1955, Shree 420 revolves around a small town man Ranbir Raj (Raj Kapoor) who heads to the city to make it big. He falls in love with Vidya (Nargis). However, the city life teaches him to become a fraud. Seductress Maya (Nadira) makes things complicated by trying to manipulate him.

5. Pyaasa (1957)

Cast: Guru Dutt, Waheeda Rehman, Mala Sinha, Johnny Walker, Rehman

Ranked at 160th spot on the Sight & Sound critics’ and directors’ poll of all-time greatest films, Pyaasa is also rated as one of the 100 best movies of all time by TIME magazine.

It is a story about a poet who struggles to make space for himself in the selfish world because no one wants to publish his poems. As he also struggles to find love and recognition, he falls in love with kind prostitute Gulabo (Waheeda Rehman) who not only falls in love with him but his poetry as well.

6. Naya Daur (1957)

Cast: Dilip Kumar, Vyjayanthimala, Ajit, Chand Usmani, Jeevan, Johnny Walker

The film that inspired Aamir Khan’s Lagaan, Naya Daur made Dilip Kumar win his Filmfare Award for Best Actor for the third time in a row. The movie gained such a huge success also dubbed in Tamil.

It follows the story of a son Kundan (Jeevan) of a landlord Seth Ji (Nazir Hussain) that attempts to modernize his business by replacing Tonga (horse carts) with buses to transport passengers. Shankar (Dilip Kumar) who makes his living by pulling a Tonga challenges him.

7. Madhumati (1958)

Cast: Dilip Kumar, Vyjayanthimala, Pran, Johnny Walker 

• 

Based on the theme of reincarnation, Madhumati won nine Filmfare awards and National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi.

A young engineer Devinder (Dilip Kumar) is on his way to the railway station when a landslide blocks the way. He takes shelter in a mansion that he finds familiar. Gradually, he learns the story of his rebirth. In previous life he was Shyamnagar Timber Estate manager Anand, where he had a beautiful relationship with Madhumati (Vyjanthimala).

8. Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi(1958)

Where to watch: MX Player, Amazon Prime, YouTube
Popular song: Ek Ladki Bhigi Bhagi
Cast: Kishore Kumar, Madhubala, Ashok Kumar, Anoop Kumar

CINESTAAN.COM

Out of three women-hating brothers Manmohan ‘Manu’, Sharma (Kishore Kumar), Brijmohan Sharma (Ashok Kumar) and Jagmohan ‘Jaggu’ Sharma (Anoop Kumar) played by real life Kumar brothers, two fall in love.

9. Kaagaz ke Phool (1959)

Where to watch: Amazon Prime, YouTube
Popular song: Waqt ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam
Cast: Guru Dutt, Waheeda Rehman, Kumari Naaz, Mehmood, Johnny Walker

FETFSFSFTY

The movie which is inspired by Guru Dutt’s association with Gyan Mukherjee, revolves around a famous director Suresh Sinha (Guru Dutt)  who stumbles upon a woman Shanti (Waheeda Rehman) and discovers star potential in her. He casts her as the lead in a film. In the twisted tale of fate, Shanti indeed becomes a superstar and Suresh faces a decline in his career.

10. Chaudavin Ka Chand (1960)

Cast: Guru Dutt, Waheeda Rehman, Rehman, Minoo Mumtaz, Johnny Walker, Mumtaz Begum, Pravin Paul

This masterpiece also entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival and won several Filmfare awards too.

The story of a love triangle revolves around two friends Aslam and Nawab, who fall in love with the same woman Jameela unknowingly. While the friends are ready to sacrifice for each other, it is Jameela who decides who she is in love with. 

11. Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam(1962)

Cast: Meena Kumari, Guru Dutt, Waheeda Rehman, Rehman, DK Sapru, Dhumal, Pratima Devi

If you have watched Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster, that film was Tigmanshu Dhulia’s attempt to take the story that was narrated in Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam, a film produced by Guru Dutt and based on a classic Bengali novel Shaheb Bibi Golam by Bimal Mitra, forward. The film was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 13th Berlin International Film Festival, and was chosen as India’s official entry to the Oscars

The story of this film revolves around humble servant Bhootnath (Guru Dutt) gets close to the wife Chhoti Bahu (Meena Kumari) of his employer Chhote Sarkar (Rehman) and narrates the story from his POV