How To Be Fit

Fitness is a broad term and can mean different things. By definition, being “fit” is the quality of being suitable for a particular task. You can be physically, mentally or even emotionally fit to do something. However, I am going to assume that you are referring to the ability of being physically fit in your question.

Being physically fit is the ability to handle the physical challenges placed in front of you. This can mean different things to different people. For a marathon runner, being physically fit is the ability to run a full marathon with relative ease and without placing a lot of physical strain on your body. For a construction worker, physical fitness is to the ability to handle the task of lifting heavy objects everyday. But ask the construction worker to run a full marathon or the marathon runner to work with a heavy hammer all day, and both of them will possibly be not up to the task. This does not mean that they are unfit. Both of them are quite “fit” to do their own tasks.

Wanting to stay fit is an amazing goal to strive towards. However, I urge you to probe a bit further and ask the question, “staying fit to do what?”

If you are a professional athlete and wish to stay fit for your particular sport, I suggest you to get a trained physical coach.

However, if you are a non-professional like me who does a regular day job/business and just wants to stay fit to do tasks like climbing stairs, lifting groceries/travel bags, play recreational sports, go hiking etc., the goal of staying fit becomes much more straightforward:

If you expect to deal with heavy weights in your daily tasks, such as lifting carrying and bags, shifting furniture etc. you need to do some form of strength training to ensure that you don’t exhaust or injure yourself. Focus more on movements you might need regularly such as presses, pull ups, rows, deadlifts, squats etc.
If you expect to walk long distances or climb stairs regularly, you need to do some form of cardiovascular exercises such as jogging, interval training to boost your stamina and agility. Regular cardiovascular training will also help if you wish to enjoy some recreational activities such as playing sports, hiking or even playing with your kids.
To get the energy to do any of the tasks mentioned above, you need to have a diet that contains the necessary nutrients. The less processed the food, the better.

Getting fit and staying fit is quite straightforward and simple. Its not easy though. To be fit to do some task, you need to do that task regularly. Our bodies are amazingly adaptive. Follow a fitness regime for a year and you will probably reach your fitness goal. Drop the regime for the next 6 months, and you will be back to where you started.

The key is to focus more on consistency and less on intensity. I can give you a detailed hour-by-hour daily fitness schedule that I follow. But if following my schedule requires you to completely overhaul your life, I doubt the schedule will help you get the consistency. Choose a plan that you can follow consistently for a long time, preferably the rest of your life.

Homosexuality in Ancient India

“History owes an apology to the LGBT community. They were denied the fundamental right to equality, the right against discrimination and the right to live with dignity.”

– Justice Indu Malhotra

“Gay marriage and relationship are not compatible with nature and are not natural, so we do not support this kind of relationship. Traditionally, India’s society also does not recognise such relations.” As usual, other members of right-wing factions joined the chorus – stubbornly maintaining that homosexuality is against nature.

But are we sure about that? Can we honestly say that it was never “recognised”?

It’s impossible to talk about homosexuality in ancient India without referring to one of its most affirmative and visual ‘proofs’, so to speak. The sculptures in the Khajuraho temple of Madhya Pradesh are known for their overt homosexual imagery. The temple is popularly believed to have been built sometime around the 12th century. The sculptures embedded in the Khajuraho temple depict what seem to be sexual fluidity between man and man and woman and woman with either women erotically embracing other women or men displaying their genitals to each other, the former being more common (suggesting a tilt in favour of the male voyeur).

The story of Shikhandi, a transgender who becomes the nemesis of Pitamah Bhishma in the kurukshetra war, and the story of Arjuna turning into a transgender with the name Brihannala for a limited period due to a curse, which in fact is proved to be a blessing in disguise when the Pandavas were required to lead an incognito life at the end of their exile, are two examples of the existence of and awareness about the transgenders even during ancient times.The story of Krishna assuming female form to marry Aravan the son of Arjuna might also have been an euphemism or a veiled reference to homosexuality. During the Mughal rule, men were reportedly castrated to make them transgenders, before getting posted as sentries or servants in the Harems of the Kings where a large number of queens and other ladies were confined behind the Purdah.

I think the fact that the boys and girls getting married at a very early age (in pre adolescence and in case of girls even before attaining puberty) during older times in India also might have prevented a large number of men and women even to properly understand sex or become aware of their own sexual orientations. And in a closely knit joint family/community living systems, LGBTs might still have managed to lead the lives of their choice without openly flaunting their alternate sexuality or inviting the notice of the society to this particular behavior.

Purushayita in the Kama Sutra, a 2nd century ancient Indian Hindu text, mentions that lesbians were called “swarinis”. These women often married other women and raised children together. The book further made mention of gay men or “klibas”, which though could refer to impotent men, represented mostly men who were impotent with women due to their “homosexual tendencies”. The Kama Sutra’s homosexual man could either be effeminate or masculine. While they were known to be involved in relationships of a frivolous nature, they were also known to marry each other. The book further mentions that there were eight different kinds of marriages that existed under the Vedic system, and out of those, a homosexual marriage between two gay men or two lesbians were classified under the “gandharva” or celestial variety – “a union of love and cohabitation, without the need for parental approval”. Varuna and Mitra, famously referred to as the “same-sex couple” in the ancient Indian scripture of the Rig Veda, were often depicted riding a shark or crocodile or sitting side-by-side on a golden chariot together. According to the Shatapatha Brahmana, a prose text describing Vedic rituals, history and mythology, they are representatives of the two half-moons.

Amongst scenes from epics and legends, one invariably finds erotic images including those that modern law deems unnatural and society considers obscene. Curiously enough, similar images also embellish prayer halls and cave temples of monastic orders such as Buddhism and Jainism built around the same time. The range of erotic sculptures is wide: from dignified couples exchanging romantic glances, to wild orgies involving warriors, sages and courtesans. Occasionally one finds images depicting bestiality coupled with friezes of animals in intercourse. All rules are broken: elephants are shown copulating with tigers, monkeys molest women while men mate with asses. These images cannot be simply dismissed as perverted fantasies of an artist or his patron considering the profound ritual importance given to these shrines. There have been many explanations offered for these images – ranging from the apologetic to the ridiculous. Some scholars hold a rather puritanical view that devotees are being exhorted to leave these sexual thoughts aside before entering the sanctum sanctorum. Others believe that hidden in these images is a sacred Tantric geometry; the aspirant can either be deluded by the sexuality of the images or enlightened by deciphering the geometrical patterns therein. One school of thought considers these images to representations of either occult rites or fertility ceremonies. Another suggests that these were products of degenerate minds obsessed with sex in a corrupt phase of Indian history.

According to ancient treatises on architecture, a religious structure is incomplete unless it’s walls depicts something erotic, for sensual pleasures (kama) are as much an expression of life as are righteous conduct (dharma), economic endeavours (artha) and spiritual pursuits (moksha). Why is homosexuality considered such a big taboo in India? We marry people to trees and rocks in the name of religion but do not support a homosexual marriage.

To sum up, if we go by these popular references in Indian history and mythology, then it appears that ancient “Indian society” did indeed “recognise” homosexuality through that period, and in many cases, even accepted it. So, ultimately, it’s just factually incorrect to deny that homosexuality has been part of Indian tradition.

Record Breakers boys

There was a period when, Korean dramas, music, or culture were unfamiliar to the world. They were unknown and were not celebrated like western culture. But time changed and today the “effect of Hallyu wave” could be seen far and wide. People belonging to diverse linguistic backgrounds, ethnicity, and beliefs are acknowledging and shouldering K-pop dramas, music and etc. with a friendly sentiment.

It’s quite good to express the popularity of BTS has reached the door of billboard, and the K-pop band is conquering over the world. They were revealed in 2013 and have subsequently zoomed to universal screen idol. Starting with the ‘School’ trilogy, the group has shaped the melody revolving around countless subjects. On 18^th September 2017 their album “Luv Yourself” broke all existing records and mounted to the top of the US charts, placing topmost boy bands like Jonas Brothers and one-direction behind. They were also disapproved many times but not once they lose confidence and remain stick to their ambitions.

How they become so famous? If you have seen their live video, you will clearly get the picture. BTS is identified for its exceptional fashioning, as well as its imaginative and unbelievably dazzling songs. They basically produce the melodies which motivate people to think, they embrace the themes that other groups have never directed on like harassment, selectivity, and psychological well-being. I am a great admirer of their presentations, it’s an innovative fine art which we seldom see these days. They are mind-boggling in serving the message. Countless articles have uncovered, to buff up BTS rehearse for long hours every day. Not to overlook, Social media has also lent a hand in making them connected with their supporters genuinely and pull fans together on the same road. We all understand, there existed a huge figure of followers after the achievement of megastars and it is likewise boon for BTS. They consider they are winning only because of “ARMY”- a name given to their admirers. ARMY love for BTS is nonpareil, it is tough to believe they bred 300 million votes for the group to succeed Billboard Award!

“I have come to love myself for who I am, for who I was and for who I hope to become”, is the well-known message conveyed by the leader of the Group Mr. Namjoon (Rap Monster) in United Nation Assembly held in New York City, in 2018.

“I’ve made many and plenty of mistakes in my life,” he said.

“I have many faults and I have many more fears, but I’m going to embrace myself as hard as I can. And I’m starting to love myself gradually just little by little.”

BTS boys are continuing to grow. They land their fourth No. 1 album on the Billboard 200 chart with the biggest week of 2020 for any release. They have blown the mind of all. Their success has crossed all the limits and millions of people around the world have been hit by BTS syndrome.

BTS Musical Expansionism

BTS (방탄소년단) The boy band crystallize their position as an international luminary of the music world. Hailing from South Korea and triumphing over the heart of millions of fans worldwide, fitting to dissimilar traditions and dialect conveyed reaction from everyone to them. Their inimitable competence and adeptness are a mammoth for voluminous admirers. We all are cognizant, how our music business work conscientiously grounded over a theory of adoration, grief, and miseries but then again, a freshly premeditated model of storytelling by K-POP star BTS, centered around communal thinking like rich vs poor, self-love or psychological fitness, etc. dish up a neoteric genre of music on the platter.

Speaking with no holds barred, becoming the world’s biggest boy-band is a tough row to hoe for a commoner, it’s not as easy as a pie. Only a decade back, none ever prophesied that the English-speaking citizenries will endlessly appreciate the music of diverse lingo. It was furthermore implausible that the world once idolizing – “one direction” or “Jonas brothers” will step on the road to the Korean tongue miraculously.

After 2013, of their first promotion, it’s an underestimation to still call BTS a boy band. They are all-pervading. Whatever formed BTS exceptional and one-off, from the aforementioned greatest boy bands amongst the humankind, is also what award BTS to spread to a prodigious variety of fanatics than their forerunners. Coming to their admirers, they announced themselves an “ARMY”. The ARMY enthusiasts are genuinely and enormously a universal flock, with millions of devotees enrolled from corner to corner in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Remarkably, the World Tour charmed a massive figure of middle-aged fans in millions. At the BTS concert, it is not surprising at all for the last few years to come across a three age-band of ARMY being present.

Not long ago, an Indian BTS Fan crafted and uploaded the attention-grabbing frolic moves of BTS by altering their videos to a Bollywood song- chunnari chunnari. The video uploaded on YouTube was channel acknowledged by many and received numerous optimistic remarks and likes from supporters globally. The song voiced by Abhijeet Bhattacharya and Anuradha Sriram again reaped the publicity in newfangled glory underneath BTS charisma.

This 7-member boy band coming from South Korean culture has numerous times exceeded chronicle sales of their music in the western culture of United States of America. Astoundingly, they become the foremost Korean band to made it to the U.S. Billboard Charts more than a few times. They also achieved the U.S. Billboard Music Awards three times placing many singers in arrears and is addressed as the 2018-19 most powerful and valuable Korean celebrities by Forbes.

Is HE back?

Last night, I was watching this Korean Drama and I denied to pause till I completed the whole 16 episodes. I appreciated the storyline, it’s remarkable which I seldom encounter in Korean movies or drama. Covering the parallel universe is an icing on the cake and the joyful windup proffer contentment to the watchers. The show is marvelous and the excitement rousing in the pit of my stomach, of finding what will happen in the next episode is unbelievable.
Excellent acting of all the characters binds you emotionally with them. They are WOW! Centered on a monarchy theme, starring Lee Min Ho and Kim Ho Eun as the main character, the drama was released in April 2020 and continued till June 2020. Netflix also counted it in the list of “Hit Netflix Drama” heedless of all the condemnation the show met on domestic land (South Korea). Anyhow, the k-drama gained popularity in other parts of Asian countries comprising India.
Talking about my favorite dialogues from the show are numerous but I adored – “You are my Unbreakable Sword”.

All hats off to BTS Army

Assam State is a part of India, located on the North-Eastern side. Every year, the state battles with flood and heavy rainfall. But this year, the condition became saddest and poorest owing to COVID 19 and Flood running together. Numerous dead and thousand homeless is a heartbreaking condition which the nation is fronting at the moment.
Bhavana, one of the BTS ARMY hailing from India, she conveyed this news on twitter.

Identified as kind and known for charity fundraisers worldwide, when BTS ARMY came across this unfortunate update via twitter, with no deferment they created a twitter fan page @btshelpIndia. Their target was to accumulate funds as much as possible within a proposed period. Nevertheless, in 24 hours, the group reached the anticipated amount and donated around $8000 nearly.

I purple You

“If you are a true fan of BTS, then it has to be the greatest news for you”

Lugging with Goodluck of the BTS Band logo, Samsung presented S20 + BTS edition smartphone in July 2020. Embraced in beautiful features and coated in purple, Samsung touched the heart of millions of BTS fans (ARMY). “I purple you” was the colloquial speech for the first time introduced by V (Kim Taehyung) to his followers. Since then purple became the traditional color of BTS. It is simply appealing to many.
After the launch of this new edition, it turns into the most retweeted and extremely loved post of Samsung on Twitter in the entire history. This is not new; it forever crops up when there is BTS. On every single social media, ARMY started posting the news and it became viral in an hour, so there is no surprise in bowing to the statistic that a massive figure of Fans reserved the edition on first hand.

Imagination is the beginning of Creation

” Imagination will often carry us to worlds that never were. But without it we go nowhere”. – Carl Sagan

Imagination is not only fun but also liberating. It liberates us from the gravity of what we know as real and as possible, opening up avenues that never existed before. Imagination leads us to better and better versions of ourselves just like a high-definition TV is clearer, crisper and more dynamic version of the first black and white TVs from last century. How about we take on the activity of lifting all restrictions and all constraints on who we are and what is possible for us and create a brand new vision for our lives? This does not mean we need to drop all that is great about ourselves and start from scratch

. We just take ourselves as we are and where we are and build from there. Let’s see if new realizations and discoveries about our inner desires and dreams are revealed to us. We can start there. From that, we can cherry-pick and with complete attention design the vision we want for ourselves and create goals to bring us there. Let your imagination give you wings.

In short, to “Imagine”, is to reason. Imagining is to the mind, what beating is to the heart, a cavalier, incognizant, untamable reflex; so why write an essay on the basis of such a monotonous concept, the answer is simple, I do not intend to. My favorite word is, “Imagination”. You see whilst to imagine is to take a step to preserving life, it is imagination that qualifies us to imagine. People fear the feral nature of the mind, because its capacity is endless, it encompasses every feeling ever felt, every thought ever had, and yet still opens its doors to the unknown.

The untrained mind is a beautiful thing, because it holds no prejudice, it is saturated with one’s most sincere and candid beliefs, it is so true unto itself that one must solicit the mind to liberate the words to speak. If the makings of the mind could be projected for all to see, a whole new life would be born, broadening the spectrum from romantic to sinister idealism, with all in between having their essence crudely accentuated.

Though it is fascinating to delve into the depths of the mind, “Imagination” is to each its own, and for the absence of an oral medium, we must make our peace with the words we speak. “Imagination” in its truest, most organic form, is too innocent and naďve to feature in reality. If there is a world outside the one we live in, then let it be a creation of the mind, for in the words of John Lennon “You may say I’m a dreamer, but I’m not the only one”.

The importance and influence of imagination on the creation and critique of literature varies between and within various artistic eras. Originally seen as an aberrant function of the mind, imagination was subservient to the powers of reason and order. Art involved mere replication of the real, a craft rather than an unique act of creation. Beginning as early as Aristotle, however, human imagination has been linked to the power and value of art. The ascendancy and, in some eras even superiority, of imagination as a potent mental faculty gave birth to new critical enterprises bent on articulating the manner, motivation, and merit embedded in art and the artistic process.

Imagination is a natural structure of the mind which must be trained or attuned to appreciate the greatness of art, to develop a meaningful standard of taste. Where Hume addresses the critic, Johnson’s attention is fixed on the writer and the duty of each writer “to increase prudence without impairing virtue”. Imagination is both the key and the obstacle to Johnson’s moral vision of art. In order to inspire an audience toward goodness, an artist must possess a fertile and ever expanding imagination. “Whatever is beautiful, and whatever is dreadful, must be familiar to his [the poet’s] imagination… for every idea is useful for the enforcement or decoration of moral and religious truth”.

Imagination is good when its powers are given direction, moral purpose. Johnson assumes a somewhat utilitarian attitude toward imagination; the value of imagination is dependent on its usefulness in attaining or helping others to attain virtue. Unchecked, imagination promotes virtue and vice ambivalently. Imaginative freedom must only exist within the bounds of an imminently rational moral code. Romantic critics turn the Eighteenth Century division between reason and imagination to their own poetic and critical purposes.

Imagination is a creative power that is necessary for inventing an instrument, designing a dress or a house, painting a picture or writing a book. George Bernard Shaw. Imagination is not only fun but also liberating.

Imagination, also called the faculty of imagining, is the ability of forming mental images, sensations and concepts, in a moment when they are not perceived through sight, hearing or other senses. Imagination is the work of the mind that helps create. Imagination helps provide meaning to experience and understanding to knowledge; it is a fundamental facility through which people make sense of the world, and plays a key role in the learning process. Imagination is the faculty through which we encounter everything. The things that we touch, see and hear coalesce into definite forms through the processes of our imagination.

digital marketing v/s social media marketing

A digital marketing include one or more platforms like (Internet Advertising, Mobile ads, TV, SMS, etc.) while a social media strategy may include one or more social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, etc.)

While the two encompass different components, social media marketing is a part of digital marketing. However, while digital marketing will include promoting across multiple channels, social media marketing is limited to internet based social media platforms.

Digital marketing

Digital marketing is an era of new marketing, through this many people can commenced business, ads marketing approach that primarily relies on the internet to connect with the target audience through various digital media channels and platforms.

Digital marketing is an all-encompassing term that consists of digital channels, such as content writing , SEO, email marketing, social media marketing, mobile marketing and so on, to create elaborate strategies to reach and connect with prospects and customers.

An average user consumes content via the television, computer, tablet, smartphone, radio, and other traditional media. This constant exposure to various types of media has led to information overload, further complicating the buyer’s journey. Digital marketing has allowed brands to stay relevant by making themselves visible through different channels and touchpoints.

Apart from traditional marketing channels, such as television, newspapers, billboards, and so on, marketers use these digital channels to guide prospects through their purchase journey and keep in touch with their existing customers.

Digital marketing is about the implementation of a variety of customized digital media marketing channels to achieve any of the following objectives:

To grow your products or services sales and profits
Create your brand awareness and build a strong relationship with your target audience
Create and add value
Promote your products or services or brand
And many more!

Remember that it is not necessary to include all available digital media marketing channels in your marketing campaign to accomplish your goals. Digital marketers develop a customized digital marketing strategy that includes the most appropriate digital marketing channels that fit your business, target audience, and of course, your budget.

Social media marketing

Social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook and Instagram are here to stay, which means that marketers can leverage this popularity and use it for their brand’s growth and also to pad their wallets. One of the greatest benefits of social media marketing is that it helps you reduce marketing costs, without sacrificing the results.

Not only can you reach a global audience with limited resources but social media can get you a target audience. Having access to all these customers will help boost traffic. When a new blog or update is put on the homepage, it can take time to get traction through Google, which means that few customers will know the new content if they are not searching for your product or service. Using social media for business also boosts your site’s SEO.

Social media marketing is a powerful way for businesses of all sizes to reach prospects and customers. SMM, is a form of internet marketing that involves creating and sharing content on social media networks in order to achieve your marketing and branding goals. Social media marketing includes activities like posting text and image updates, videos, and and other content that drives audience engagement, as well as paid social media advertising.

How Social Media Marketing Can Help You Meet Your Marketing Goals

Social media marketing can help with a number of goals, such as:

Increasing website traffic
Building conversions
Raising brand awareness
Creating a brand identity and positive brand association
Improving communication and interaction with key audiences

The bigger and more engaged your audience is on social media networks, the easier it will be for you to achieve every other marketing goal on your list!

Best Social Media Marketing Tips

Social Media Content Planning

Great Social Content

A Consistent Brand Image

Social Media for Content Promotion

Sharing Curated Links

Tracking Competitors

Measuring Success with Analytics

There are also best platforms for social media marketing like Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, twitter, google+, YouTube etc.

After reading the above explanations, it must be clear to you that social media marketing is just a part of digital marketing.

Digital marketing uses both online and offline digital means to reach out to the target audience, while social media marketing is limited to online boundaries.

Using all the digital marketing channels is not a wise decision and do not have the right impact. The choice of digital media channels depends on your industry, business, and type of audience. Due to this, you often need to test, make changes, retest and measure the outcomes of your digital marketing campaigns to determine which works best for your brand or business. Based on these results, you can drop those digital marketing channels, which fail to provide satisfactory growth or ROI.

The success of your social media marketing campaign depends heavily on your content strategy. It means you need to keep posting fresh and unique content on your social media accounts to interact and engage your target audience.

Investment and speculation

Investment and speculations has the common objective to get gain from an asset,but the way and the methods are different.In investment the investors need to wait for longtime where as speculators try to make money in short time.Investment has the long term objective on the assets, securities, buildings etc to increase in the value. Where in speculation the profit or gain will be depends on the change in the price of assets in short time.

Wage

“I don’t pay good wages because I have a lot of money; I have a lot of money because I pay good wages.”
– Robert Bosch

Wage is one of the most essential, important and crucial in everyone’s life who are working for others. Wage is the remuneration paid by an employer to his employees for the services rendered under a written or unwritten contract of employment for work done. The wage system is as old as the society. In earlier time the wages were paid in kind in the form of grains and the food, but after industrialization wages form a complex problem and now it has became the most sensitive area of public policy. In simple language wages can be defined as the ‘ reward ‘ to the labourers for the services rendered by them. Wages can be paid daily, weekly, fortnightly, monthly or on per hour basis. The services provided by the employee may be in the form of physical or mental services. Wages play a major role in influencing the employee and workers as if you pay a good amount of wages to your workers he will also pay you back through his performance by increasing the production level. So, it is based on give and take principle. Wages are most important component of labour cost, it includes non – wage cost such as employer’s contribution and taxes. Wages helps in improving the competitive position of our organisation in national and international markets. Wages are part of the expenses that are involved in running a business. Wages should be fixed in such a way which satisfies both workers and management. As we know that labours and workers are very important factor of production. If there is no labour to work, all other factors be it land or capital, will remain idle. So, satisfying them is a big task. Thus, Karl Marx termed labour as ‘ creator of all value.” Wages should be such which helps your workers to satisfy their and their family members needs. The organisation should provide that much amount of wages which can raise their standard of living as if he can fulfill all his dreams and aspirations he will be more motivated and productive and this will help your organisation to achieve its goals. Good wages will bring a sense of satisfaction among workers as they feel that if my organisation is paying me so much and is taking care of me so in return I should also make them happy through my work and fulfill their expectations. It also helps in providing a sense of recognition and determines there social status. Fair wages should be provided to each and everyone without any discrimination. And in this way wages acts as a means to attract and retain qualified and motivated employees. The characteristics of wages are:-

Payment of wages is the terms of contract between the employer and the workers.
It is determined on the basis of time-rate system and piece-rate system.
Wages create utility.
Wages can be paid on daily, weekly, fortnightly or on monthly basis.
Wages can be paid in cash or in kind.
It is the remuneration paid to the workers for the services rendered by them.

Some of the elements of wages and salary system are:-

Identifying the available salary opportunities and communicating them to employees.
Relating the salary to needs and goals of the organisation.
The next important element is to develop quality, quantity and time standard according to work and goals.
Fourth element is to determine effort which is necessary to achieve standard.
Measures the actual performance.
Compare the performance with salary received.
Measures the job satisfaction gained by the employees.
Adjust the salary levels accordingly.

Last But Not the Least

Wages is a vital part of Human Resource Management as it is one of the biggest factor which is influencing industrial relations. It also helps in minimising labour turnover by increasing employee morale and satisfaction.

Unprecedented Times: Best Times for Students Learning

-SHUBHANKAR

When the world has faced such an adverse condition, the change was needed and change has been brought upon with utmost carefulness. Yes, I’m talking about the change in the education system brought about by this pandemic situation, not only in India but around the world. Online classes and education have taken over from the regular classes. Students are now studying from their own homes with their parents and family with them. Many students went back to their homes when schools and colleges were closed by this pandemic, and now are studying through online platforms. Well, the new dimension is not only new for students, but also for various educational institutes as well as teachers. With digital platforms taking over, the main question arises is the fact that are students ready for online classes or is it still early to call.

Well, I feel the students should now be first trained thoroughly about how to best use the online platforms for thoroughly studying and making sure that while sitting at home their education doesn’t take a toll. So, how can they be trained properly. First of all, students should be told about how much screen time is beneficial and how much screen time is harmful for them. Secondly, the educational institutes should make sure that they train students wisely so that the students are comfortable with the platforms being used for providing education. One more thing which the students could do is the use of online courses which could help them enhance their skills in this time of pandemic.

But all said and done, the most important thing is the effective use of time. Students shouldn’t be forced by educational institutes to use laptops and devices all the day. Students should indulge in physical activities so that their health isn’t affected at all. The students should make use of this time to enhance both their physical as well as educational skills. Students at home should also follow a time table which will have a great impact on the well being of the students. Students should develop a habit of being able to adapt to various conditions. Learning is appreciated every time, but education shouldn’t be mixed with creating panic among students. Educational institutes make sure that panic doesn’t stricken students, because for them also this is a rare situation which everyone needs to handle with full carefulness.

In the end, I want to say that, yes these are unprecedented times but these are times where children are with their families, in their homes. This is the best way I feel children can develop skills with enjoyment. Having fun time with family, and with that having education is the best way to learn. This will enhance their learning as well as the family time will mean they are in a great mod always as nothing comes better than studying in an environment which is very useful for their overall development. This is what means the overall development of a student. In this time, this is the best environment to learn for the students.

Right To Food As A Human Right

Right to food is a human right that protects the dignity of a human being by making sure there availability of food to all, in adequate amounts to feed all, and they are accessible to all in the nearest place possible. This right ensures that no person suffers with malnutrition or food security, and everyone is free from hunger.Right to food is one of the important human rights as food acts as a means of survival to everyone, and it ensures growth and development of a person, only if one is physically fit and healthy, they will be mentally and emotionally strong. We will be discussing the international and national perspectives of Right to food.

Internationally, the right to food was mentioned in many conferences and conventions, where there was a connection brought between right to food and human rights. Many stated that human rights can protected effectively and efficiently only if one is healthy, and has been guaranteed the right to food, hence a correlation existed between both of them. The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948 stated that “everyone has the right to a standard living adequate for health and well being for himself and his family, including food..” under its 25th article. Later in 1966 when the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) has stated that the state has an obligation towards its society to ensure standard of living by providing adequate means of survival like food, shelter and clothing, this was given under article 11, this convention came into force on 1976. Then in 1990 when the Convention on the rights of Child was enforced, it discussed about right to food, from a child’s perspective, how it is important for the growth of the child. It said that the state should ensure nutritious food, clean drinking water and proper health care to all the children, and measure have to be taken to reduce the rates of infant mortality rates that are being caused due to lack of care and food to the pregnant women. At the 1996 World Food Summit, which was conducted by the Food and Agriculture organisation of the United Nations at Rome, stated that all the specialised agencies which define the Right to Food, shall also define the ways to implement it, it gave statistical information regarding deaths caused due to malnutrition and hunger, therefore after the ways were stated the deaths caused due to the above stated reason has drastically reduced, but they still happen.In 2002 Right to Food was defined in a perfect manner by the Special Rapporteur on the Right To Food as “ The right to have regular, permanent and unrestricted access, either directly or by means of financial purchases, to quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and sufficient food corresponding to the cultural traditions of the people to which the consumer belongs, and which ensure a physical and mental, individual and collective, fulfilling and dignified life free of fear.” Various conventions and treatises have recognised Right to Food as a human right in the future, however the above stated ones were one of the first ones to do it, and they played an important role in shaping the right.

Now lets look in to the position of Right to Food as a fundamental right in India. The Right to Food is a fundamental right and has been guaranteed under Article 21 of the constitution which gives the Right to Life and Personal Liberty, it is not stated in written but it is assumed that life can go on with dignity only if one has the access and availability to adequate food, and there can be an existence of life only if one consumes food. This article should be read along with Article 39(a) and 47 which are the Directive principles of the State Policy (DPSP), which gives the duties of the state towards its citizens to promote the Right to Food. Article 39(a) states that the state has the obligation towards all its citizens to maintain adequate means of livelihood, and article 47 states the duty of the state to raise the levels of standard of living and nutrition in the society. The above two articles indirectly give existence to the Right to Food as a fundamental right. To achieve the right India has taken many efforts, one of them is by passing the the National Food Security Bill, 2011, which was widely known as the Right to Food Bill, this act ensure that subsidised food was given at different rated according to level of poverty and the least among them were the people below the poverty line (BPL) they were given food items with the least cost, and the distribution of such food would be done through public distribution systems (PDS) they were run by the government, also known as ration shops by the local people. The subsidised food items were only given if one had a ration card, which authorises them as the people who can avail such goods, it was only given to the people who were just above and below the poverty line. This measure was quite successful in India.

Hence, we can to a conclusion that efforts were taken nationally and internationally to promote Right to Food as a human right, and it has brought a change in the rates of death caused due to hunger and malnutrition, but more measures have to be taken to ensure development and progress in the nation. It is said that only if all the human rights are guaranteed in a nation, it leads to increased welfare of its citizen correspondingly making it a more developed country.

Impact Of Covid-19: From a legal perspective

Covid-19 is a pandemic which has spread its wings all over the world. It is a crisis which is very unique can be termed as a health crisis, and it is an all around crisis, affecting the society in all possible ways. It is causing ruckus and chaos all around, there have been disturbances which have been arising socially, economically, politically, legally , and in almost everything which has to do with the welfare of the globe, it is also disrupting international ties between various countries. Law now does play an important role to fight against the pandemic, only of all the rules and regulations regarding lockdown are codified, people will follow it and then there will be relaxation in the situation. Hence, law does play an important role. Further we will be looking into the impact of Covid-19 from a legal perspective, and will be discussing some solutions regarding the situation.

The major questions arising which need legal solutions are regarding work from home policies, the policies for how competitive exams and cultural events should be conducted, guidelines for conducting online classes and sessions in private and government educational institutions. Due to rise in use of internet and social media making sure that the cyber laws are stringent and there is a good functioning of the police and legislature regarding the cyber crimes. As we have noticed that during the lockdown there were many issues in employments , they have to be taken care of, by proper implementation of laws for the benefit and welfare of the people, like keeping a margin for firing people, or by making laws that no one could be removed during such a difficult time by including the pandemic under a Vis major (Act of God) clause in the contract of employment, however this is a highly debatable topic. There also has to be policies regarding the procedure on how notifications and orders have to be passed by the central and states governments regarding steps to be taken to relax the situation. If look from the societal aspect we can see many marginalised families and migrant workers suffering due to the situation, and the rates for essential goods and services are also increasing irrespective of the present scenario.

Keeping in mind the above problems which are being faced legally and socially we can establish a link between law and society and how law can be an instrument for social change. Law is nothing but a set of rules and regulation which give particular standards within which we human beings should base our actions, it tells us how e should behave and if we rae not behaving in a particular way what are the consequences that are going to be faced by us. Law can bring social change with effective and efficient legislation and implementation, so the solution to the above problem is to draft laws after thorough discussions and make them in a way most suitable to the present scenario, in this way the problems arising legally which in turn also provide solutions socially can lead to the welfare of the nation. Therefore, proper policies can be framed for the above problems with good implementation and follow up action.

work smartly or intelligently?

To be an intelligent person is not so enough for your personality may be you are not ready to take quick actions smartly.

Being smart can focus more on the idea of being good at something by having a broader knowledge in that specific something compared to the majority.

Being Intelligent, Many people attest that intelligence is gained through education but no, what you gain from education is cleverness as well as knowledge. Intelligence it is truly something we are born with and it can be manifested trough varies ways. I have looked to see if there are any scholars talking about this but sadly no. Intelligence is having the ability to find solutions to difficult situations quicker than other people or having different abilities that enhance the way you think.

An intelligent people can be hard working and they can devote long hours for work, but a person who work smartly they devote time according to the situation with action plan and devote less hours for the work.

Smart is an earned status. Smart can also be applied to sarcasm. We have ‘smart like’ answers, or we can be ‘smart’ when answering a question or talking in a conversation. We don’t apply intelligent to the idea of being sarcastic.

Intelligence, on the other hand, is something with which you are born. Your IQ is a measurement of your intelligence, and doesn’t change because it is a measure of your ability to learn. This can apply to terms we chronically associate with intelligence, like math, or it can apply to your ability to learn negotiation of emotional issues. In either case, it is inherent, and it simply stems from your genetic makeup.

Intelligent is used as a higher level of measured intellect. We give a higher compliment when we tell someone they are intelligent, versus when we tell them that they are smart. Intelligence is directly related to our own degree of sophisticated knowledge.

Smart is what you know AND how to benefit from what you know, Intelligence is the ability to become smart. Intelligence makes you smart and not the other way round
Perhaps, becoming smart, makes you appear more intelligent.

Smart can also be applied to describe appearance. If you are a smart dresser, or you represent yourself in a smart way, this in no way implies that you have intelligence. It means that you are appropriate for the conditions, and that you look very good. We don’t imply that you are an intelligent dresser.

Intelligence also implies a certain degree of higher education. Whether you’ve actually completed a higher education, or you have yet to do so, we refer to intelligent people as those we assume to have completed a higher level of education than high school. While there are those who are intelligent who never go to college, the implication is essential when understanding the description offered.

This is one of the big huge differences as many people affirm that we can learn to be smart but not cannot acquire intelligence through any means as it is something we are born with. That is the difference between the smart work and intelligent work. through this article we can understand the work which is best an intelligent work or a smart work because to be educated is not enough to work smartly and intelligently both required for surviving our life’s , if you are intelligent and smart you can achieve anything in your life.

CRYPTOCURRENCY

Cryptocurrencies are non-physical virtual currencies or currencies based on cryptography. Cryptocurrency is made up of very complex programs. These can also be referred to as software codes. These are called ‘cryptocurrencies’ because they use encryption technology. The cryptocurrency was invented in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto

The major cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Lightcoin and Stellar. The most valuable and popular of these is Bitcoin. This is also the first cryptocurrency. Bitcoin is currently valued at $ 10,000 against the dollar. Bitcoin is traded through Bitcoin exchanges

Cryptocoin is not a new concept. But the full credit for turning the octopus into a grass-eating cow goes to some individual or group known by the nickname Satoshi Nakamoto.Satashi introduced the Bitcoin protocol in 2008 and introduced it in 2009. Satoshi Nakamoto suddenly disappeared from the world of bitcoin in 2011 without even giving a hint of who he was, building the Bitcoin protocol and related software and providing all the infrastructure needed for further development.Media outlets such as The New Yorker and Fast Company have been scrutinizing the identity of Satoshi, but no definite answer has been found. Shinichi Mochisuki, Japanese mathematician, computer engineer and economistTed Nelson, the father of ‘hypertext’, believes that Satoshi has no choice but to become. He gives no clear evidence for this. Ted Nelson argues that the character traits of Mochisuki, who withdrew after publicizing his findings and giving the public the necessary guidance, are in perfect agreement with Satoshi.The concept of Bitcoin is not just for a mathematician or a computer engineer. These conclusions are underlined by the fact that it can only be achieved by someone with extraordinary insights into economic, social and humanitarian issues. Moreover, good knowledge of the English language is required to discuss this concept with the outside world in a way that does not interfere with its meaning. Mochisuki is one of the few Japanese who can speak English fluently. But Mochisuki has denied this, so Bitcoin’s father still hides behind the nickname Satoshi.

In all existing monetary systems, the value of a currency is controlled by a centralized institution. For example, the value and distribution of our currency are controlled by the Reserve Bank. In this type of centralized control system, consumers are always at risk of being exploited. Moreover, black money poses a major challenge to the monetary system.This is where Bitcoin comes into play. No individual can exploit the Bitcoin system in a harmful way. The production of counterfeit coins is also impossible. Unlike other currencies, there are accurate estimates of the maximum number of bitcoins that can be marketed. 210 lakh bitcoins will be marketed only in predetermined proportions. This completely eliminates inflation.

Bitcoin and the Bitcoin network are protected in two ways. The first is through highly secure cryptographic technology. According to this, the full right to spend and keep is reserved for the Bitcoin owner only.The second is the Bitcoin exchange account known as the blockchain. That is, a blockchain is a register that encodes information on all completed Bitcoin transactions.Here too, one can look at the shortcomings of the common banking system and understand the relevance of the blockchain. Withdraw more than the amount in the account in the normal banking system. Banks use centralized books to avoid errors such as paying checks for unaccounted money. However, we do not accept checks from unbelievers. Because of the fear of bouncing. Moreover, the misconduct of the bank officials may result in loss of money. All of this is excluded in the Bitcoin currency system.The Bitcoin Blockchain is a public account book that encodes all Bitcoin transactions and systematically connects them to each other under the clock. The process of making bitcoin blocks and updating the ledger is known as bitcoin mining. Bitcoins are rewarded by the Bitcoin community.The reward for this is the number of new coins entering the Bitcoin network (down from the previously mentioned 210 million coins). Once the index reaches 210 lakhs, new bitcoins cannot be mined. According to estimates, we will have to wait until 2140 to reach this magic number. Once the 210 lakh coins have reached the market, the new coins will be exchanged for the renewal of the books of account and the exchangers will have to pay a fixed percentage of the amount for the renewal of the books of accounts. As the competition intensifies, so does the exchange rate.

The main argument before the ban was that the proliferation of digital currencies could weaken the banking system. The fact that counterfeit money is on the rise and is prone to financial irregularities and fraud still keep governments away from cryptocurrencies.

Apart from India, countries like China, Nepal, Russia, Vietnam and Bolivia have also banned virtual currencies, including Bitcoin.

In April 2018, the Reserve Bank will impose restrictions on cryptocurrencies. The ban was aimed at curbing irregularities that could affect economic growth.

Federalism:Dual Machinery of Government Fuctions

Definition:

Federalism is the mode of political organization that unites separate states or other polities within a political system in a way that allows each to maintain its own integrity. Federal systems require basic policies be made and implemented through negotiation in some form, so that all the members share the making and execution of decisions. The political principles of federal systems lays ground rules on bargaining and negotiation among several power centers; they believe that dispersed power protects individual liberties. Examples of the federation or federal state include the United States, India, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Argentina, Nigeria, and Australia. Federalism is at its core a system where the dual machinery of government functions.

Features of Federalism:

1. The essential feature are the levels of governance in the country i.e. the entire power is not concentrated with one entity.

2. The levels will govern the same citizens but their jurisdiction will be different. Each level will have specific laws, legislate and execution.

3. The power and duties are listed down in the constitution guaranteeing a federal system of governance.

4. Just one level of government cannot make unilateral changes or amendments to the important and essential provisions of the constitution. Such changes must be approved by all the levels of the government to be carried through.

5. Despite the two levels of government there are possibilities of conflict. Then it will fall upon the courts or rather the judiciary to resolve this conflict.

6. Both levels have their own autonomous revenue streams despite the power sharing.

India as a federal state

India is a federal country. But not once in the constitution is the word “federation” ever mentioned. Instead what is said is that India is a “Union of States’. Actually many historians believe that India is a quasi-federal country. It means it is a federal state with some features of a unitary government.

The government of India is based on a 3 tiered system which include the union government, state government and panchayat /municipalities. A distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric and gives limited autonomy to only some Indian states. Article 370 of the Constitution of India made special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession but it was revoked in 2019. Also one more aspect of Indian federalism is system of President’s Rule in which the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state’s administration for certain months when no party can form a government in the state or there is violent disturbance in the state.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalism

ARTICLE 370https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India

https://www.britannica.com/topic/federalism

Image Courtesy:The Himalayan Times

GREEN COMPUTING

In today’s world everyone has smartphones, laptops, computer and other electronic devices…we know how to use it….but do we know that how to use them in an eco-friendly manner?? ….No…. we just buy the device from market and keep using it and if it becomes useless after some time then we just throw it in dustbin, here are so many devices like this such as charger,battery,cell etc…..we don’t know that how to exactly dispose them….these devices are not good to be mixed in soil, as these devices pollute the soil by releasing harmful toxins in it….

So there is a technique by which one can sort out this problem…and the name of this technique is GREEN COMPUTING..

Green computing is the environmentally responsible and Eco-friendly use of computers and their resources.
In broader terms, it is also defined as the study of designing, manufacturing/engineering, using and disposing of computing devices in a way that reduces their environmental impact.

Apple is taking the pioneer and the leader to green computing. The New Mac mini is a good start. The Apple Mac Book Pro is the best example of product of green IT.

It eliminated many harmful toxins. For example, the mercury used in CCFL back lights and the arsenic contained in the glass of traditional LCD displays. Apple has removed these toxins from all new Mac Book Pro notebooks, and they’ve done the same for the new Mac Book Air, i Mac, Mac Pro, and Mac mini; Apple LED Cinema Display; and iPod touch, iPod classic, iPod nano, iPod shuffle, and iPhone.

It is highly recyclable. The material of the product is formed from recyclable glass, recyclable aluminum and so on. The raw materials used in new Mac Book are very desirable by recycler and it can be reused in other products.

HOW TO ACHIEVE GREEN COMPUTING?
One should make a habit of the following activities to achieve green computing…

Green use: Using computers and other information systems in an environmentally sound manner such as reduce the energy consumption.

Green disposal: When dealing unwanted computers or electronic equipment, recycle them properly. Old computers are also encouraged to be reuse or refurbished.

Green design: Designing energy-efficient and environmentally sound components, computers, servers, cooling equipment, and data centers

Green manufacturing: Manufacturing electronic components, computers, and other associated subsystems with minimal impact on the environment.

ADVANTAGES OF GREEN COMPUTING:
• Reduces the amount of pollutants in surroundings.
• It reduces the amount of heat produce from the electronic devices.
• It encourages the use of renewable resources.
• It promotes effective utilization of natural resources. It reduces the risk existing in PCs due to chemicals that cause nerve damage in humans.
• Reduces environmental impact (less GHG emissions, less e-waste, fewer virgin resources needed for manufacturing new devices).

Mental Health: Are We Doing Enough?

“No one wishes to have dark days, sleepless nights, grumpy mornings and this endless dark tunnel with no sign that it ever ends. Mental illnesses aren’t a choice.”

Mental illnesses are the unseen, unheard, silent killers. It’s the pain that’s too much to cope with, too hard to deal with and so misunderstood. You can’t escape it no matter how hard you try, because it follows you around like a black shadow that’s on the inside, eating you.

There isn’t anything tragically beautiful about them, it’s just tragic. It’s not sad songs and poetry, shy glances or drowning in the bath. It’s not ghostly white skin tainted by charcoal circles under sad eyes and large purple bruises stretching viciously up your arms. It isn’t lonely walks, vacant coffee shops or smoking dusty cigarettes.

Depression is unwashed clothes and flaking skin. It’s over eating and the inability to even get out of bed. It’s giving up on yourself and not taking pride in your appearance anymore. It’s empty inboxes, bursts of anger and late night tears. It’s a feeling of disgust within yourself that makes you want to tear off your own skin just so you can feel clean. It’s uncertainty and confusion. It’s losing weight, long showers and greasy hair. It’s constantly wishing you could be somewhere or someone else. It’s losing the will to even live.

Similarly, anxiety isn’t just sweating and shaking and shortness of breath. It’s also feeling like you have no control over your life and there is a knot in your stomach and you feel like your world is crashing down completely and you have to sit there and act like you’re fine.

Being bipolar is like being on a roller coaster ride. Sometimes you can predict drop offs and others you just have to hang on because the next turn sends you into an unexpected spiral. Sometimes you are laughing and throwing your hands in the air and then other times you are clinging, simply holding on for dear life screaming it the top of your lungs.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorders are like unpredictable demons of your own mind, where the soul is a puppet of your own fears, where a line between right and wrong gets blurred, where your true identity disappears only in you, where you get accosted for thousands of pointless known questions, where you get beaten every single second by your own self, where everyone seems fine except you, where regret is smaller word for ‘reassurance’, where mind goes dead and breathing continues, where you stuck in a small box full of nightmares.

So, are we doing enough about mental health? Long answer short, no.

The first and foremost reason for India to lose its mental health is the lack of awareness and sensitivity about the issue. There is a big stigma around people suffering from any kind of mental health issues. They are often tagged as ‘lunatics’ by the society. This leads to a vicious cycle of shame, suffering and isolation of the patients. Also, there is a serious shortage of mental healthcare workforce in India.

One of the biggest hurdles in addressing mental health is the measurement of objective information. With other illnesses, there are lab reports, X-rays, CT scan, MRI, etc. which are used for identification of illnesses. In case of mental health, such objective parameters aren’t available. Secondly, despite it’s enormous social burden, mental health remains a taboo subject that is susceptible to age-old stigmas, prejudices and fears. Because people can’t see a physical deformity they think there’s no substance to your illness. People often associate it with pretending and take it lightly in less developed states. Even highly educated people react the same way and lack empathy. They’ll belittle mental illnesses and blame it on the sufferer’s personality. Thus, in our country, the discovery of a mental illness is often followed by denial and hesitation to seek help. Thirdly, the output of the same disease or problem varies significantly from person to person, making it very subjective. Thus, needless to say, the path towards addressing and normalizing discussions about mental health is indeed a rocky one.

Mental health stigma is not only a culturally learned aversion to discussing mental illness, it is also the subsequent ignorance in the general population about how to recognize stigma in everyday life or an institutional level. And this stigma is can be soul damaging. It’s also personal and unique to the individual, yet it encourages society to treat the ones suffering from it as: Dangerous. Expendable. Useless. Invisible. To dismantle stigma we have to look much deeper at the specific problems and manifestations of it. How does stigma penetrate into the scientific publications and research? What type of education are we given on mental health in public education? All of these more nuanced questions give us routes to comparison and action. I believe it is in these details that stigma exists and where it must be sought if we are to dismantle it.

We, as a society, need to learn to treat people with mental illnesses with compassion rather than telling them that their brain is defective.
To build a better world we need to consciously design a better environment for all of humanity, one in which all the choices we have are good options. What we have now is a dynamic that makes people sick and then blames them for being sick. This world of fear and coercion can be swapped for one of love and cooperation, a world that brings us all health and happiness in all our different and wonderful cultures.

Raksha Bandhan gift to women: PM Modi inaugurates Manipur water supply project

It’s a great start by our PM Narendra Modi. He laid the foundation stone for Manipur Water Supply Project through video conferencing on Thursday.

“This project will give clean drinking water to Greater Imphal and 1,700 village in Manipur. It will provide a lifeline to these people,” PM Mod said. He added that it will help women in as many as one lakh families in the state,

The prime minister said that the project has been designed with the help of local panchayats and people living here, which he said is a “fine example of decentralisation”.

He also listed the scheme implemented by the Centre to help Manipur and various states during the coronavirus crisis.

“The Northeast is battling twin challenges – Covid-19 and flood. Many people have to leave their homes due to the flood. I assure you that everyone is with you in this difficult time,” said the prime minister.

The fund for the project has been provided by the Centre under ‘Jal Jeevan Mission’ to provide freshwater household tap connections (FHTCs) to 1,185 habitations with 1,42,749 households.

The Manipur Water Supply project, an externally funded project, was designed to provide FHTCs to remaining households in the Greater Imphal Planning area, 25 towns, and for 1,731 rural habitations covering 2,80,756 households in 16 districts of Manipur.

The project is an important component of the efforts of the state government to achieve the goal of ‘Har Ghar Jal’ by 2024. The project outlay is about Rs 3054.58 crore with a loan component funded by the New Development Bank.

This project will be a great start for Manipur people where they will get all the water supply for their rural households works whether for cooking or washing clothes etc. This will help them a lot.

Be Civilized

Anthropologist Margaret Mead was asked by a student what she considered to be the first sign of civilization in a culture. The student expected Mead to talk about clay pots, tools for hunting, grinding-stones, or religious artifacts, but Mead said that the first sign of civilization in an ancient culture was a 15,000 years old fractured femur found in an archaeological site. Femur (thighbone) that had been broken and then healed. In societies without the benefits of modern medicine, it takes about six weeks of rest for a fractured femur to heal. This particular bone had been broken and had healed. Mead explained that in the animal kingdom, you break your leg, you die. You cannot run from danger, get to the river for a drink or hunt for food. You are meat for prowling beasts. No animal survives a broken leg long enough for the bone to heal. Broken femur that has healed is evidence that someone has taken time to stay with the one who fell, has bound up the wound, has carried the person to safety and has tended the person through recovery. Helping someone else through difficulty is where civilization starts. We are at our best when we serve others. Be civilized.

Sometimes I’m wondering if we’ve lost the primary sign of true civilization. When I hear the angry rhetoric and therefore the arrogant talk about a number of our chat show pundits and political candidates, I’m wondering what has become of compassion. When I happen to catch a flash of a vicious voice like Ann Coulter (I can only take a few minutes) I’m wondering what has become of civilization. When I hear even Christians talk in such bitter tones about immigrants and minorities, anybody who is “different”, I’m wondering if they need ever read the Gospels and if they care about the values of the Kingdom of God. I know it is an extreme voice, but I even heard a web preacher say he thought we should always take the Bible literally and stone homosexuals. God have mercy! If Margaret Meade is correct that the primary sign of true civilization is compassion, I’m wondering just how civilized we are.
Of course, there was an enormous outpouring of well-deserved compassion and bonafide outrage over the death of Cecil the Lion, but what about the death of innocent children caught amid war, or homeless families in our uncivilized urban centers? The Old Testament all for welcoming the alien and therefore the stranger and the first ministry of the first church was to worry for the widows and orphans. Compassion isn’t just the primary sign of civilization, it’s central to what it means to be a lover of Christ. St. Paul draws a sharp contrast between the “works of the flesh” which include strife, anger, quarrels, factions, envy” (…sounds like our current political climate) and the “fruits of the spirit” which are love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control.” (Gal. 5:19-23).

And so…I check my own heart and spirit. Even when handling people I afflict, am I able to commit to measuring by the primary sign of civilization, to measure with compassion?

4P’s of Marketing

“Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell” is something that we all remember from our school days whether we had biology in our graduation or not.

Whenever someone is studying Marketing concepts, there is a very little chance that they will not learn about the famous and highly spoken “4P’s of Marketing”. The 4 P’s form the pillar of marketing strategies introduced by McCarthy in his book “Basic Marketing: A Managerial Approach”.

4 P’s include: product, price, place and promotion. Often referred to as the marketing mix, the four Ps are constrained by internal and external factors in the overall business environment, and they interact significantly with one another. According to investopedia, the 4 Ps of marketing are used by companies to identify some key factors for their business, including what consumers want from them, how their product or service meets or fails to meet those needs, how their product or service is perceived in the world, how they stand out from their competitors, and how they interact with their customers.

Marketing Mix - Definition, 4 P, 7 P of Marketing, Example, Elements

Product:

It basically refers to the goods or service that the company has to offer to its customers. It should cater to the demands of the customers. Marketers make a lot of efforts to improve and customize their products according to customers in order to create differentiation and include value proposition. They also need to understand the life cycle of a product, and business executives need to have a plan for dealing with products at every stage of their life cycle. The type of product also partially dictates how much businesses can charge for it, where they should place it, and how they should promote it in the marketplace.

Place:

Place is the distribution channel used to sell the product or service. The goal of business executives is always to get their products in front of the consumers that are the most likely to buy them. At times, some products are sold in the market physically and kept at stores while others are sold online through e-commerce websites. It’s critical then, to evaluate what the ideal locations are to convert potential clients into actual clients.

Price:

Price is the cost end consumers pay for that specific product or service. Ideally, marketers must try to link the price to the product’s real and perceived value, but they also must consider supply costs, seasonal discounts, and competitors’ prices. In some cases, business executives may raise the price to give the product the appearance of being a luxury. Price is a sensitive issue and hence a lot of decision making is needed in order to get and evaluate the right cost of the product.

Promotion:

Promotion includes all the strategies in order to increase brand visibility and reaching out to the masses such as advertising, public relations, and promotional strategy. The goal of promoting a product is to reveal to consumers why they need it and why they should pay a certain price for it. Each touch point must be supported by a well positioned brand to truly maximize return on investment.

Volatility in share price

As share market is volatile market the price of the shares will be chage every day. It may be negative or positive. There are many several issues which can impact on the share price. It may be internal or external. What ever it will affect share price. When company declares it’s quarterly results it will always has impact on its share price. Majore parts are turnover,profit, reserve, expenses etc. If companies sales are improving and company has mentioned increase in profits it may positively impact on share price. If profits and sales are negetive it may negetively impact on share price.In balance sheet Debts are growing it will affect the share price. When company brings new products to market,if such companies competitors are becoming strong it will affect the share price.In external if countries economy is in depression it will negetively hit the price.if mansoon is good in country it will be good news for market of mansoon if bad it will negetively hit the Market. when government bring new schemes which may benifitial for corporates then market will get possitive sign from it, hope will increase.As share market get highly impact from news it act quickly to each and every aspects.

Neuralink brain chip

Elon Musk‘s mysterious Neuralink startup is working on a brain-computer interface that will allow wearers to stream music directly to their brain, the technology entrepreneur has claimed. Mr. Musk, who also heads SpaceX and Tesla, is set to reveal new information about the mysterious startup next month but has been slowly releasing details over Twitter in recent days. The device that allows the human brain to connect to a computer could be implanted in a person for the first time later this year, announced the founder of Neuralink neurotechnology company, the tycoon Elon Musk. This crazy project of Elon Musk and his startup seems to be going well. Elon Musk said on Twitter that the Neuralink is working on an “awesome” new version of the company’s signature device. “Clearly better than Utah Array,” he said contentedly.

neuralink-brain-chip-implant

Neuralink’s ambitions are really great! The main purpose of the device is to compensate for entire sections of the brain lost due to a stroke, accident, or congenital disease. The billionaire businessman said that people would soon be able to use the brain chip technology of Neuralink to stream music into their brains without any special efforts. According to Musk, Neuralink chip would also be able to control hormone levels and help with anxiety relief and some other mental issues. The Tesla CEO noted that those who are willing to get Neuralink chip into their brains would go through a process similar to laser eye surgery.

One part of it will involve a neurosurgical robot, which fits flexible “threads” into the brain connected to a tiny implantable computer chip. A research paper detailing the device claims that a single USB-C cable will provide “full-bandwidth data streaming” to the brain. Neuralink has 11 job postings listed on its website, offering roles for a mechanical engineer, a robotics software engineer, and a “histology technician”. Over the weekend, Mr. Musk made a request for people with specific expertise in wearables. Earlier this month, Mr. Musk hinted that Neuralink’s chip will be able to cure depression and addiction by “retraining” the parts of the brain responsible for these afflictions.

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Of course, it is not yet clear what the updated concept looks like and whether it will work at all. SpaceX and Tesla chief, however, is full of optimism and enthusiasm. “The potential is truly transformational for restoring brain & motor functions,” he said in his tweet on Monday. If the arrival of the first tests on the human brain is encouraging, the road is long until the actual implantation of Neuralink. In another tweet, he says: “First, we need to make it super safe & easy to use, then determine the greatest utility vs. risk. From initially working to volume production & implantation is a long road.” Though the company is yet to make an announcement over its official plans, Musk recently said that there will be a progress update on August 28.

Neuralink was founded in 2016 and since then the company has only held one public presentation about how the technology will work. In 2019, Musk had said that Neuralink was developing a “sewing machine-like” device that would provide a direct connection between a computer and a chip inserted inside the brain.

HOMEMADE CHOCOLATE AND STRESS

Take it from a college student who is home with parents all the time due to COVID- 19, chocolate at this point in my life is the only thing that is keeping me sane, chocolate is the cure to all problems in life.
This lock down has shaken my self-confidence and I now call my myself a little stress ball. But if anything in this world is perfect, then it’s chocolate. Chocolate is the personification of human emotions. Are you happy? You eat chocolate. Are you sad? You eat chocolate. Are you tired? You eat chocolate. Are you bored, my friend? you eat chocolate. That also basically sums up how much money I spend on chocolate but it’s okay I’m helping the economy grow and that’s the truth. Yet, to help my bank account than the economy, sometimes I to make chocolate at home. Yes, I make chocolate at home from scratch. That’s how I was a female who menstruates cope with pain and sadness. It’s chocolate its perfect and more perfect. Amazingly, the answer to all my problem is chocolate or ice cream. To release this stress, I make amazing homemade chocolate which is delicious. It’s a truly amazing thing to do because the final product is always a fresh batch of decadent chocolate. Let’s make mouthwateringly smooth homemade chocolate today.

THE PROCESS –
First, I want you to take an additional 1 cup of sieved milk powder to a bowl(the milk powder oddly reminds me off the milky bar). Take another bowl and add sieved cocoa powder to it. The mil powder and cocoa powder are sieved to break any lumps and its easier to mix the ingredients together. Now mix the two powders. Add ¼ cup of milk to the mixture, 2 tablespoons of melted butter (melted not burnt), 3 tablespoons of condensed milk (i advise you to taste the condensed milk, it’s forking great.) The smell from the mixture should be heavenly and should remind you of chocolate ice cream(it also means that you are hungry ). Mix thoroughly mix the mixture until the mixture is smooth. Now, this is the crucial step where you can make the chocolate to suit your taste. If you like it to be more on the sweeter side, then add icing sugar to the mixture. Go on, you can add anything, peppermint, spices or chilli…the list goes on. As long as the taste of the chocolate makes sense to you, it’s going to be beautiful. Now grease a microwave-safe tray and pour the mixture on it. microwave for 4 minutes and set the tray down to cool off the mixture. Pour the mixture into your desired mould, refrigerate it for 1 hour and voila your chocolate is ready now, we should find a cosy place, sit and eat chocolate and smile ’cause that’s what life should be. this is how I’ ve dealt with stress and anxiety during the lockdown and trying to stay afloat. chocolate is truly one of mankind’s favourite comfort food and rightly so. So why don’t we all try to make some homemade chocolate today

Self Improvement

Self-improvement is a deep rooted process. It is a path for individuals to evaluate their aptitudes and characteristics, consider their points throughout everyday life and set objectives so as to acknowledge and boost their latent capacity.

Plan to make applicable, constructive and compelling life decisions and choices for your future to empower individual strengthening. The greater part of us, notwithstanding, think that its simpler to inspire ourselves to learn and improve on the off chance that we have a reason in doing as such. Building up your own vision – an away from of where you need to be in a couple of months or years, and why – is a urgent piece of building up this reason.

A few people keep away from personal development since they accept that giving chance to turning out to be better is characteristically narrow minded. The world has such huge numbers of issues and the individuals around us have such huge numbers of requirements that it’s egotistical to dedicate vitality to self-care and self-awareness. All things considered, whenever invested helping yourself is energy not spent helping other people. In this view, things like contemplation and yoga are liberal, silly extravagances, climbing ought to be supplanted with planting trees, and a few days of calm perusing ought to be supplanted with an effective change,

Personal growth isn’t egotistical. The difficult work of battling for what’s privilege incorporates the difficult work of acing yourself and taking great consideration of yourself. It’s not childish to invest energy developing yourself, even as the world shouts for help. So as to be there for one another, we need to initially be there for ourselves.

Empathy towards Animals.

Animals – A gift of nature, just as we Humans are. We often come through phrases like, “Man is a superior being” . Man is indeed the best creation of God. God has made man his favorite being along with all the abilities to conquer the world. Are we really superior on any grounds if we cannot treat the other beings of God well? What is the definition of ‘superiority’ then? Superiority means treating all the other beings equally. We can justify our superiority as more intelligent beings by showering love and empathy for those other special creations by Gods like dogs, cats, birds etc. Yes animals won’t speak in your language. They won’t understand your language either. Is this the only reason we don’t understand them? We are not kind enough towards them? We don’t accept them as our mate? You should not only be concerned about your pet dogs or cats, but also towards the stray dogs or cats. They deserve your love too, They need your love for their survival. If you don’t take the responsibility of feeding them, how will they sustain? They are animals they cannot express their pain or hunger in your language. Showing empathy is a lot different from being sympathetic towards them. Your empathy is for each and everyone around you. It is your social duty to care for the dogs, the cats, the birds, feed them, provide them shelter. If you see an injured dog or a cat take them to a nearby vet or give medicines. Maybe this is the simplest way to show your humanity. God gave you the power to serve other beings. You are liable to do this much for the society, at least to be true to yourself. Your happiness lies in treating and serving them as well. Think like this, they belong to you, they are a part of your family. Just imagine if we couldn’t express our pain or have been in such a condition ever, its way too painful to handle. They aren’t capable of understanding what is right/ wrong. So, they cannot Thank you for your service. They cannot ever express their earnest gratitude, not directly so. But if you feed a bird one day, it is going to come home everyday for food. Even if you feel low or unhappy, you have got a friend for lifetime. Animals are so loyal, they won’t stay every time, but won’t leave you either any day. Show them you care, they will love you 10 times more, selflessly. If you go out, you will be surrounded by all the stray dogs, they won’t let you feel alone. They are going to stay by your side no matter what. They can be man’s best friend forever, no doubt on that.

“He who is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his dealings with men. We can judge the heart of a man, by his treatment of animals” – Immanuel Kant. Throwing stones towards them just for fun, being unkind towards them, beating them unnecessarily just because they are weaker than you? Or they cannot fight you back? No animal is going to harm you until and unless you cause pain to them, they sometimes get aggressive due to fear. God will bless you if you treat his innocent beings and all your prayers are going to be fruitful. Several social activists spend their lives making others learn to be kind towards the animals. A very recent incident from Kerala on May 27th, 2020 was thoroughly criticized all over media. An Elephant died, she was pregnant standing in the middle of a river. Report says that she died of an explosive in her mouth, that explosive was being put inside a pineapple and was fed to the elephant. He trusted those people and unknowingly she has been killed. How can someone even think of doing this to an innocent elephant? Is this the world we live in? This is so shameful on our part. Also, poaching is strictly prohibited and killing animals for their skin is a heinous crime and has been declared as illegal in the eyes of Law.

HOW TO WIN THE WAR FOR TALENT.

Even though potentially by the candidate are normally have not chance to familiarize themselves with the culture, when applying for the position then the word of mouth with usually an a engaging workplace go unnoticed, as employee retention card is an important factor in the war of talent, and effective employee engagement will always be a great card to play with their challenge, and less than the half them believe that they have good programs in place of the engage and retain employees. Refer to TalentMapAsia for more information.

Employee are engagement is the important. Various studies have proved engaged employees among other, are the more productive less absence days and generate higher profits. To the dedicate more efforts to employee engagement board across the organization. Let the team understand engagement from the your employee from your employees are perspective on the basis of yearly employee engagement survey and carry out of full communication to develop strategies and tactic that enhance engagement.

Photo by Andrea Piacquadio on Pexels.com

EMPLOYEE FLEXIBILITY – There are no doubt that in order for employers to attack and retain top talent decreasing the level of employee disengagement,offering the right mix for the corporate of wellness initiatives is critical.

More and more employees are both old and young believe that employers need to play active roles in reducing the amount of the street in their lives. Employees are also of the belief that employers are the right ones do that. Initiative such as mediation program, flexible work arrangement, improvement of work environment and introduction of amenities such as fitness rooms are the days centers of many many more have the capability of making work of environment more for the challenged parents, great talent and the new generation.

Their are the seven types of the war to win for the talent –

You want more insights on how employee engagement can leave a position impact on your bottom line? Download our white paper linking customer experience with employee engagement.

YOUR STRATEGY – Employee retention is a strategy for keeping your employee happy an productive. It required adopting and idea then you have shaped yourself based and data you have collected. It is about building on own principle and sticking to them.

2. GUIDANCE – The place to start is your own shoes, We needed to analyze role in your employee retention strategy and go from the there. You are the person which is charge. That means you get to have the final say all the big decision and tasks put together the team and coordinates the machinery.

3. STRONG TEAM – We have the your backyard covered and then now we have your neighbor. Your employee are need and collaboration from one another which is why has to be strong sense employee of team and mutual goals.

4. TALENT DEVELOPMENT – You are the part of war for talent. We have already made it clear that even though it hard to find the employee. then the it make them stay harder.

5. DEMANDING TASKS – Young, talent people who are to work hard, show off their qualities of world are need an the opportunity.

6. BELONGING – Another important task ahead of you is to be make employee feel like their workplace is their second of house.

7. AWARD SYSTEM – The final aspects of your employee retention strategy is the award you set up for all the employees.

CARBON TAX AND CARBON CREDIT

A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon content of fuels. It is a carbon pricing. Carbon is present in every hydrocarbon fuel such as coal, petroleum and natural gas and is released as carbon dioxide CO2 when they are burnt.

Carbon taxes offers a costeffective means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Products produced through dirty processes will became more expensive thereby making it possible for other products produced through cleaner processes to compete on price. By raising the cost of using fossil fuels, a carbon tax would tend to increase the cost of producing goods and services especially things such as electricity or transportation that involve relatively large amounts of CO2 emissions.

Carbon credit is a permit representing the right to emit one tonnes of carbon dioxide or the mass of another green house gas with a carbon dioxide equivalent. One carbon credit is equal to one metric otonne of carbon dioxide.

Carbon market can be divided into two

1)The voluntary market.

2) Regulatory or compliance market. In the compliance market carbon credits are generated by projects that operate under one of the UN framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC) approved mechanism such as the clean development mechanism (CDM). Credits generated under this mechanism are known as certified emissions reductions (CERs)

In voluntary market carbon credits are generated by projects that are accredited to independent International Standards.

This week Canada ‘s Federal Govt took the latest step when it extended its carbon pricing program Nation wide. More than 40 Govts world wide have now adopted some sort of price on carbon. Economists suggests this is a way to curb emissions.

Now the COVID 19 pandemic has so far slashed global carbon emissions by more than 8 %. But this is only temporary

The practice of gratitude

“Acknowledging the good that you already have in your life is the foundation for all abundance.” – Ekhart Tolle

Gratitude, thankfulness, or gratefulness, is a feeling of appreciation felt by or similar positive response shown by the recipient of kindness, gifts, help, favors, or other types of generosity, towards the giver of such gifts. Gratitude turns what we already have into enough. It gives us a feeling of satisfaction and eternal peace. Gratitude is the best medicine, it heals one’s mind, body, and spirit, and it attracts more things to be grateful for.

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Why do we need to practice gratitude?

“The struggle ends where gratitude begins”.

We all are surrounded by beautiful nature, we have our favorite people around us and we have enough food, clothes, and facilities. But, it is quite common that we take these things for granted. When we take things for granted, we are not satisfied with what we have and we strive to get something else, if we get it, then again we want something else, and we are never satisfied. Consider the present situation where we all are sitting at our respective houses. Earlier we could freely roam around, walk-in streets and parks, visit beautiful places, enjoy the fresh air and beauty of nature. But, we used to take all these for granted. We were really not grateful for the places around us, the beauty around us. But, now we realize its importance. The reality is that we always have enough of the resources around us for our survival. But, sadness drives in when we don’t appreciate what we have and take that for granted. Each one of us is living a life that is actually a dream life for a second person. So, just embrace it.

Imagine your life without the people around you, who are always there with you and support you. If you remove them from your life and think deeply, you will realize that they have a big role to play in your life which you never really thought about. The people around you are precious, value them, and be grateful to them that they are with you. Imagine a day without food, clothes, shoes, or air. If you do this exercise, you realize that you have enough of these things. Your desire to eat in a restaurant and to wear stylish clothes was really not that important. You get your food every day, you have clothes and shoes to wear. So, be thankful for what you have. Each and everything we get in our life, each and everything happening to us is very valuable to build us, to build our personality. Everything happens for a good reason. Being thankful for everything we get and for every event we come across gives us a satisfactory feeling, it eliminates negativity and makes our life more pleasurable. Saying thank you to another person pleases them and us too.

What do we get out of it?

A grateful heart is a magnet for miracles. The day you start practicing gratitude, it never ends. The more you express your gratitude for what you have, the more things you will have to express gratitude for. It gives you immense peace, happiness, and satisfaction. It rewires our brain and reduces stress. It boosts our immunity, improves relationships, and makes each day more beautiful. It makes sense of our past, brings peace for today, and creates a vision for tomorrow. Gratitude is the most wonderful feeling. Once you start practicing it, there is no way back.

“Thank You ” is the best prayer anyone could say.

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How to build a strong marriage?

Introduction:

Marriages are two partners who agree to live together through legally and are recognized as husband and wife in the society. Marriages are a connection between two soulmates who are destined to be together.

Marriages can be arranged or love marriages. Arranged marriages are where families decide and fix the rishtas between two people where they have to live together forever. Love marriages are where two persons love each other and decide to tie a knot between them i.e get married to live together forever.

How to have a strong marriage?

Love marriages or arranged marriages, for a marriage to be stable it needs constant care and love by both the husband and wife.

A marriage is build on respect, love, trust, understanding and care between two people. For a strong marriage, both the partners need to be supportive to each other. These are the basic elements of a healthy marriage. If any of these elements are absent, the marriage would fail.

Marriages are beautiful but with that comes responsibilities, compromises and adjustments. A husband or a wife has to took over the responsibilities for his family. Any successful marriage is built on compromises and adjustments. I am sure everyone have heard this, ” thoda bahot adjustments karna hi padta hai.”

And to have healthy marriages, adjustments are must. After marriage, life gets changed. Adjustments become a part of life. If adjustments are not there, then it becomes a problem in the marriages making it difficult to live with each other.

Compromises are being done in order to sustain the marriage. No marriage is free from compromises. Compromises has to be made to keep your other partner happy.

Another thing is sacrifice. Sometimes, sacrifices do happen in marriages for the sake of other’s happiness. Your happiness gets sacrificed in front of other’s happiness.

Even, if mistakes happen in marriages. You have to accept it and move on. Forgiveness is the only key for a strong and happy marriage. You may not want to forgive but still you end up forgiving for the sake of your marriage.

“Na chahte hue bhi maaf karna padta hain. Na chahte hue bhi sab bhulna padta hain ek shaadi ko banaye rakhne.”

Marriage is a big time responsibility where every small little thing matters and everything do affects your marriage. A happy and a strong marriage doesn’t mean it should be perfect. Marriages are never perfect. Actually, nothing is perfect in the world. Its always about keeping it real.

Any relationship be it marriages, friendships or lovers, family relationships,etc. every relationship needs constant efforts to build it strong. A strong or a successful marriage doesn’t happen in a single day. It takes years to build the bond in a marriage.

Constant support and efforts for each other makes a relationship or marriages strong and make it ever lasting.

Love or arrange marriage, you have to make it work in order to have a strong marriage. A lot of things needs to be done in order to build a marriage strong.

A real and a true friend

As friendship day is next week, let us talk about true friendship in our lives.

We all have our friends but often not every friend is true and real to us. Certain times, our enemies are disguised as our friends who are true to our face and will start bitching about you behind your back. Also, some friends do come to you only when they need you to do something for them or when they are in trouble. Some are real, some are fake. Some pretend to be real. Some get jealous of you, some try to spread negative comments about you amongst others.

Then, who is our real friend or a true friend?

A true friend is someone who stays loyal to you at your face and even at your back. He or she stays with you throughout the time.

A true friend is a gift. Someone who stays by your side through your thick and thin times. Someone who will always guide you, motivate you and be there for you when you really need them.

Someone who tries to understands you. He or she will always make you smile even if you don’t want to. Someone with whom you can be yourself , with whom you can share your secrets without being judged and with whom you are comfortable.

A true friend never lets you down. He or she will always make it up to you even if they hurt you at some point of time. They make your life meaningful and exciting. They never let you do any shits alone. They handle your moods, tolerate you and tries to do everything that can make you happy.

True friendship is rare. They start becoming your escape where you can chill with them or hangout with them for so long that time also falls short. A true friend sees all your dramas, all your mood swings, your heartbreaks, tolerate your tantrums,etc.

True friendships is when you have his or her back and vice-versa. They give you a shoulder to cry on whenever you feel sad or are upset. They make your mood enlighten. They will always hold your hand whenever you fall down and never leave by your side.

A fake friend can leave you but a true friend would never leave you no matter what happens. Although, true friends do fight sometimes but they always end up back with each other.

Everyone needs a true friendship in his or her life. You are lucky if you have a true friendship in your life who can do anything for you.

True friendship can be one or few. Sometimes, all you need is just a one true friend by your side.

No matter the number of a circle, always be surrounded by true and real friends.

P.S – Remember, Quality over Quantity!

What is wrong with the Indian education system?

India has produced a lot of talented engineers like M. Visvesvaraya,A.P.J Abdul Kalam,Sundar Pichai,talented entrepreneurs like Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, J.R.D Tata , Ratan Tata and a lot of famous actors, architects, doctors and lawyers who are extremely talented, but these are just few people. A majority of Indian population is not successful, and we can’t always blame over-population for it, because this time it’s the education system that’s at fault.Our education system is far behind many other countries. There is a huge gap between the rural and the urban education.The poor who are extremely knowledgeable, are not in competition with the privileged urban students, who are technically advanced. Even after all these years, there has been very little change in our education system, we still follow the STEM system. It stands for Science,Technology, Engineering and Maths with English as a mode of instruction. We have smart students showing excellence in their academics, but lack speaking and communicating skills. Our government has introduced a lot of literacy programmes, but what is it used for if people, if the foundation of our education system itself is wrong.

Historical view:-

Earlier ancient Indians followed the ‘Gurukul’ type of an education system here, the students stayed at the teachers house and studied. The advantage of this type of an education was that the students received personal attention from their teacher, so they could easily excel in their academics, but the disadvantage was that only Brahmins and Kshatriyas were allowed to attend these classes. Later another type of an education system came into play, the open type, and Ekalavya was the first student of this type of an education system. The whole system changed when the Britishers ruled our country, and since then had very little changes.

Problems in our education system:-

● Our education system is split between state board , CBSE and ICSE , this gives rise to a huge inequality among students, the state board always occupies the lower level , CBSE the middle and ICSE the top. The state board students are incompetent when compared to the other two.

● There is always a gap between the public and the private schools, while most of the public schools require no to minimum fee, they lack a lot of basic facilities and the quality of education is very bad, the teachers teach for the sake of teaching and not to educate the students. The private schools on the other hand are usually scammers who loot the money of helpless and ignorant parents.

● India always secures a place in the top 10 for student suicides and the reason for this is that the students are just evaluated based on their marks and not on their talents and fields of speciality.

● Lack of moral science classes also lead students to just become a capable human, but there is absolutely no values and discipline instilled in them.

Conclusion:-

The government and other institutions are trying hard to bring some important changes in the education system, but without the support of teachers, parents and students it is not possible. The schools must be encouraged to introduce different types of teaching and learning ways. The priority of the education system must be the excellence of the students, and not just getting high marks. The teachers must be better equipped and trained. Most importantly, teach the students to study because they should achieve excellence and not success.

Deforestation

Clearing or removal of trees or any type of plantations for resources or land is called deforestation. Forests cover almost 31 percent of the Earths land today. The Earth is losing forests at an alarming rate. Forest area that are being lost area every decade is about the size of a nation.

The main reason for deforestation is to convert the forest area for the following reasons:

Agricultural land
Construction of roads
Construction of buildings
Grazing
Timber
Mining
Food items
Medicinal uses.

Forests are the homes to thousands of species of animals, birds, insects and many other life forms. Destroying them for resources will endanger the many life forms that solely depend on them as it is their natural habitat. These resources are very essential for man but man being greedy does not know when to stop.

It starts with converting a few acres of forest for urbanization. Then as the demand rises few more acres are cleared and this keeps on going until the entire forest is lost. Rearing livestock for milk and meat has a drastic effect on the environment. Grazing causes soil erosion which damages soil permanently so no new plants can grow there. Millions of trees are cut down for timber and for paper.

Forests take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which causes global warming. Removal of trees is one of the main causes of global warming which in turn causes climate change. Melting of ice bergs in the Arctic and Antarctic region gradually increases the sea level, which results in the sea covering the land for containing the extra water. Forest fire is also a main reason for deforestation.

Trees take in the water from the ground through their roots and release them into the atmosphere. This loss of transpiration makes the climate drier and ensures minimum rain. Soil erosion is also a result of deforestation, where the soil become loose and results in landslides.

How can we reduce this abuse of nature? Farmers must adopt new and sustainable farming techniques to produce crops efficiently which will stop the farmers from acquiring the forest area for farming. We live in the digital age, so we must make minimum use of paper. We can use aluminium sliding windows instead of wood windows and find alternate solutions where ever it is possible. We do not want future generations to suffer for our mistakes and irresponsibility.

The various governments around the world along with many good citizens and organisations are taking necessary steps for the protection of forests. They do this by planting tree saplings where ever or whenever it is possible. Many offices are going paperless. Governments have created forest bodies to protect and maintain forest area from encroachment. Many other steps are also taken to reduce cutting of trees, which are more valuable than gold for all the resources that they give man. You and I too can help, by having small plants at our houses. By doing the best we can even in the smallest ways possible we can make a difference because one small plant for every person makes it seven billion more plants in the world.

Women Empowerment

Women empowerment refers to making women powerful to make them capable of deciding for themselves. Women have suffered a lot through the years at the hands of men. In earlier centuries, they were treated as almost non-existent. As if all the rights belonged to men even something as basic as voting. As the times evolved, women realized their […]
Women Empowerment

Stress and how to deal with it.

A person is stressed when he or she has a feeling of emotional strain and pressure. Stress in small amounts is beneficial and even healthy when it a motivational factor. An excess amount of stress is very unhealthy, to the point where it leads to bodily harm. It increases the risk of stroke, ulcers, heart attacks, hyper tension and even mental illness such as depression.

Hans Selye, a renowned endocrinologist proposed four variations of stress:

Good stress ( eustress)
Bad stress (distress)
Over-stress (hyper stress)
Under-stress (hypo stress)

Different events or experience leads to stress. A person cannot know when or where catastrophes might occur. No one can control such situation no matter who that person is. Natural disasters (tsunamis, earthquakes), wars, pandemics are all unpredictable. Change in a person’s life like marriage, moving out of the house for education or work, death of close ones and birth of a child, these are all major life events. A person will be stressed thinking about how to move forward after such events. Both of above mentioned causes of stress are something that a person cannot ignore or quit. These are a part of life.

Simple reasons of stress are daily hassles, something that a person works on to avoid it. If you do not like your job, you can always quit or be involved in ways where you can actually make a difference. If you do not like traffic jams, leave early. Start working on projects at the earliest so that you can meet deadlines, instead of starting late and inducing unwanted stress upon yourself. If a person constantly irritates you, ignore him or talk to him or even become friends.

Stress causes unwanted health issues, like insomnia, depression, strokes, heart attacks and many other which can be avoided simple actions. With stress come behavioral changes. A person becomes a reason for someone else’s stress. With such changes, you might lose respect among family members, colleagues and friends.

Here are few simple ways to deal with stress.

Exercise: Exercise done right is always a stress buster, makes you more calm and relaxed. Workout can make a person forget the events that cause stress; it induces good sleep, keeps you physically fit and also boosts you confidence.
Reduce Caffeine intake: Tea, coffee, soft drinks, and energy drinks; all these increase a person’s anxiety level. It makes a person addicted. Alcohol consumption or even smoking causes stress, it might give temporary relief but after that is over it is life back to normal.
Spend time with people: Spending time with your family or friends reduces stress. You can talk about your life, the joy and the pain that comes with it instead of keeping it to yourself or always immersed in the electronic media. It might be difficult at first, but it gives you a sense of relief.
Listen to music or enjoy good humor: Music is always a stress buster. Humor is always better. You relaxes you mind, you can also do those chores while listening to music.
Eat Healthy: Eating healthy keeps you fit. Makes you more confident. Maintain a balanced diet. Get more nutrients. Reduce junk food intake. It increases your cholesterol level, which causes health risks.
Hobbies: Learn new things, maybe a musical instrument, start painting, do some photography, learn new technical data. These hobbies help you relax, forget about your worries and make you confident.

Why is Aging Mindfully very necessary ?

Mindful aging is aging in a way that does not ignore the negative effects of aging, and also having a positive outlook to the benefits of aging. It’s all about accepting the things that come with aging, and not being ignorant to it. It’s all about not blowing things out of proportion. People often tend to have a negative response to aging, even if you think about aging all you can see is being dependent on someone, needing assistance almost all the time, having difficulties in doing your day to day activities and most importantly you feel you will stop enjoying life. But we should never forget that it’s in our hands to draw limitations or never think about it at all. We must never dwell on the misery life has installed for us, be it today or tomorrow, always find ways to make today better than yesterday. Constantly ask yourself these questions:

● Am I willing to grow old?

● Am I ready to face tomorrow?

● What can I do to make complete use of my time later?

● How can I overcome the fear of getting old?

● How can I stop dwelling on negative thoughts ?

● Is it really bad to grow old?

As we grow older and older we are more thankful for everything in life, we get to see people falling sick , people dying. So we must be grateful that we are alive, and try to make the best use of our remaining time on earth. No one knows what the future holds, so enjoy every moment of life like there’s no tomorrow. By mindfully aging there is also a decrease in the stress and anxiety levels of a person. Practicing mindful aging is not only for people in their 60’s and 70’s but we can start practicing it today. Follow simple steps to start working on it:

● We might often dwell on certain bad memories or friends who are no more friends with you, we must learn to let these memories fade away. You require space to make new memories and dwelling on these old and painful ones can only worsen your mind-set, and you may never be able to make a new one.

● Plan things you could do when you grow older, make a bucket list of things you wish to do before you die, be it skydiving or traveling to the coldest place on earth. Planning things beforehand will help you stay focused on your happy life.

● Try respecting your body as much as possible. You might not have the same tiny waist anymore or perfect skin, but you must learn to accept these inevitable changes your body must go through. Try making health your priority , you might not be able to run a marathon, but you surely can go out for a walk or go jogging.

Conclusion:-

You might feel that you don’t require these things as you’re still young, but this is not just something to do when you grow old, but we all need it right now. Being mindful must change into being our lifestyle, people don’t realise the importance of this, but it’s as important as

taking your tablets when you feel sick, mindful aging is like therapy to lost minds. Older people are often more happy than younger ones, this is because they are aging more mindfully unlike the young ones. Remember the key to your happiness is in your own hands, make sure you unlock it before it’s too late.

Corruption

Corruption refers to a form of criminal activity or dishonesty. It refers to an evil act by an individual or a group. Most noteworthy, this act compromises the rights and privileges of others. Furthermore, Corruption primarily includes activities like bribery or embezzlement. However, corruption can take place in many ways. Most probably, people in positions of authority are susceptible to Corruption. Corruption certainly reflects greedy and selfish behavior.

First of all, Bribery is the most common method of Corruption. Bribery involves the improper use of favours and gifts in exchange for personal gain. Furthermore, the types of favours are diverse. Above all, the favours include money, gifts, company shares, sexual favours, employment, entertainment, and political benefits. Also, personal gain can be – giving preferential treatment and overlooking crime.

Embezzlement refers to the act of withholding assets for the purpose of theft. Furthermore, it takes place by one or more individuals who were entrusted with these assets. Above all, embezzlement is a type of Financial fraud.

The graft is a global form of Corruption. Most noteworthy, it refers to the illegal use of a politician’s authority for personal gain. Furthermore, a popular way for the graft is misdirecting public funds for the benefit of politicians.

Extortion is another major method of Corruption. It means to obtain property, money or services illegally. Above all, this obtainment takes place by coercing individuals or organizations. Hence, Extortion is quite similar to blackmail.

Favouritism and Nepotism is quite an old form of Corruption still in usage. This refers to a person favouring one’s own relatives and friends to jobs. This is certainly a very unfair practice. This is because many deserving candidates fail to get jobs.

Abuse of discretion is another method of Corruption. Here, a person misuses one’s power and authority. An example can be a judge unjustly dismissing a criminal’s case.

Finally, influence peddling is the last method here. This refers to illegally using one’s influence with the government or other authorized individuals. Furthermore, it takes place in order to obtain preferential treatment or favour.

Ways of Stopping Corruption

One important way of preventing Corruption is to give a better salary in a government job. Many government employees receive pretty low salaries. Therefore, they resort to bribery to meet their expenses. So, government employees should receive higher salaries. Consequently, high salaries would reduce their motivation and resolve to engage in bribery.

Increasing the number of workers can be another suitable way of curbing Corruption. In many government offices, the workload is very high. This provides an opportunity to slow down the work by government employees. Consequently, these employees then indulge in bribery in return for faster delivery of work. Hence, this opportunity to bribe can be removed by bringing in more employees in government offices.

Tough laws are very important for stopping Corruption. Above all, strict punishments need to be meted out to guilty individuals. Furthermore, there should be an efficient and quick implementation of strict laws.

Applying cameras in workplaces is an excellent way to prevent corruption. Above all, many individuals would refrain from indulging in Corruption due to fear of being caught. Furthermore, these individuals would have otherwise engaged in Corruption.

The government must make sure to keep inflation low. Due to the rise in prices, many people feel their incomes to be too low. Consequently, this increases Corruption among the masses. Businessmen raise prices to sell their stock of goods at higher prices. Furthermore, the politician supports them due to the benefits they receive.

To sum it up, Corruption is a great evil of society. This evil should be quickly eliminated from society. Corruption is the poison that has penetrated the minds of many individuals these days. Hopefully, with consistent political and social efforts, we can get rid of Corruption

#Cancelled: Unravelling The Toxicity of Cancel Culture

“I believe it’s worth thinking about what accountability looks like beyond simply exiling someone. In doing so, we can position ourselves more firmly within the values of social justice.”

Cancel. It’s dictionary definition is “to destroy the force, effectiveness, or validity of.” Cancel culture, originally started as a means to correct or inform the misguided. However, it has become something much worse. People go along with it because they think it’s a cool trend to follow. They have gone down this spiral of cancel culture and the idea that everything is offensive. Nowadays, anyone and everyone is getting cancelled. It has become so widespread that by now people think of it to be a normality.

But it shouldn’t be.

The problem arises when it turns into a bunch of people only doing it so that they can show everyone else how good of a person they are. Then everyone tries to out-do each other and ultimately, you end up with a bunch of people wasting their time going through years and years of tweets to find the one wrong thing that someone said and call them out on that. All this, despite the fact that society didn’t care about those things at the time and the person has clearly changed since then. It’s quintessential to realize that today’s morals cannot be applied to something that happened ten years ago.

It should be understood that there’s a huge difference between “I dislike or disagree with this person, and it’s important enough to me that I will not personally patronize them” and “I dislike or disagree with this person, therefore they shouldn’t have a career at all.” Lamentably, the latter view pretty much plagues the minds of most social media users.

Cancel culture is based on the premise that anyone who offends you does so with deliberation, intention, and (usually) malignant motivation. Cancel culture uses public shaming and group complaining to attempt to induce permanent harm to those with whom they take exception. It uses the legal system to induce financial crisis, uses the publicity system to amplify their voice, and generally acts like that kid you see in kindergarten who has to play alone because they can’t be around other people without attacking them for not submitting to their desire to dominate a cultural or economic space. These kinds of people tend to regularly miss noticing that the world and other people (by and large) could not possibly care less about them, if they even know they exist. These kinds of people tend to assume that their own perspective is always the most important and relevant one, and try to get attention by amplifying outrage to culturally blackmail perspectives and people with whom they disagree. Then, they refuse to accept the concerned person’s apology when they do apologize and admit it was wrong and insensitive. It just ends up turning into virtue signalling for selfish reasons. Worst of all, they are willing to injure others and ruin lives to do it.

Personally, I find it to be an appalling display of self- absorption and egotism by people who, I think, behave and seem to be so emotionally insensitive that they just stop caring about anyone but themselves. The worst of the lot always seems to be the same personality. Cancel culture will die the moment this becomes more apparent. The good news is, that’s probably not that far off. The sad news is that in the meanwhile, they’re deriding and tarnishing a far longer and better tradition of social and cultural discourse that actually delivers on change.

It’s generally organized by malicious people who only gather together to form groups of hatred and intolerance for anything that they deem unfit. They probably have never let go of a grudge in their life and are also very likely to be the ones who take a sick pride in that. Their circles are usually only held together by common bonds of hatred, but quickly implode upon themselves the moment they can gather a group to harm one another. They tend to be ruthless, claiming virtue but displaying a twisted set of morals that only fit their own bill. They try and sell you a picture they’ve created from fragments of reality, out of desperation to advance their narrative (i.e., that their upset is more important than anything else in the world) and, sadly, most will probably buy into it if they are not aware of their intentions.

Their logic, too, struggles to hold up, for example, the “once a racist, always a racist” argument. From this perspective, an ignorant 15 year old cannot possibly change and become more educated or grown as a human being. Their comments imply that the people they’re fighting to stop never grow, never change their views on particular topics and are social scum because of comments, posts, tweets, etc. from years ago. It’s embarrassing to say the least. The best part is the likely hypocrisy. I’m willing to wager that even they, themselves, have committed ignorance acts in the past, which just haven’t been exposed, but they don’t think about that.

These people are willing and happy to see others suffer and that’s pretty much the antithesis of the intent of public discourse and even public protest. Some of them, however, outgrow this behavior and learn more productive ways to advance change. Then again, these would be the ones that are actually interested in change, not retribution.

We need to become a more tolerant society not only in matters of differences in sex, sexual preference, race, religion, and nationality but also in showing the willingness to allow the existence of opinions or behavior that one does not necessarily agree with and not seek to harm the offender. It may be a fine line that we walk between a legitimate cancel and ill-advised one, but it’s a line that must be drawn to bring civility back to society.

We need to come up with ways to hold people accountable for their wrongdoing and yet at the same time remain in touch with their humanity enough to believe in their capacity to be transformed.

– Bell Hooks

“Doctors the life savior’s”

Doctors have always been perceived as people with immense knowledge and the custodians of our health. These health workers have left no stones unturned in leading the battle against an invisible enemy – the novel coronavirus. Leaving their lives and family behind, doctors are working round the clock to tackle every challenge during this global pandemic. Their fight is grueling, lonely and often thankless. However, despite difficulties, their commitment towards humanity never wavers.

Needless to say, doctors, nurses and people working in health-care sectors are particularly vulnerable to the highly infectious disease. In response to the global pandemic, the under-resourced doctors are facing unprecedented challenges. The list of the sleep-deprived heroes includes doctors, nurses, medical cleaners, pathologists, paramedics, ambulance drivers, and health-care administrators. In the fight against coronavirus, the brave medical army stands strong with thermometers, stethoscopes, and ventilators as their weapons. Not to forget, medical researchers are working day in and night out against all odds, hoping to find the antidote to the disease.

Since the coronavirus outbreak, health-care professionals have not only experienced the gratification of healing patients and saving their lives but have also lost many battles along the way. On top of that, many doctors have even sacrificed their own lives in the line of duty.

Every day, the selfless warriors are giving it their all in health-care settings while cutting themselves off from their families and loved ones. The sacrifice that they are making for the safety and welfare of humanity is priceless and deserves lifelong gratitude on our end. Most importantly, we must reassess the value health-care workers hold in our lives and the kind of treatment they get from us. Among the several lessons this coronavirus pandemic has been teaching us, the biggest one is to find ways to sufficiently invest in the better and more efficient medical fraternity and give medical professionals the respect, compensation and infrastructure that they truly deserve once this crisis is over.

That being said, we’d now like to highlight the heroic efforts of some courageous and inspiring doctors from across the globe who lost their lives while saving the lives of COVID-19 patients. Most of health care is far too distracted by the global pandemic of COVID-19. These are difficult times, professionally and personally. Doctors are in the thick of this pandemic, fighting from the front and performing their duties untiringly. Separated from their families—children, spouses, aging parents—indefinitely, moving into separate quarters, so they don’t bring the contagion home.

Doctor is our god who saved our lives. While the deadly virus has brought attention to the inadequacies in the health-care systems across the globe, doctors and health-care workers have been risking their lives to save all of us. They are also risking the lives of their family members, which indeed is a huge sacrifice.

Doctors are blessed with the magical powers to treat a life, to bring health into our lives and to be there with us when we lose hope. Today, at great personal risk doctors are working for our wellbeing. We can do something for our corona fighters by staying home, using of mask and sanitizers, maintain social distancing, we can support our doctors and health care workers by maintaining all these things. Moreover, the world needs to work towards advancement in medical research and technology. Nothing will be a greater tribute to the health-care workers than this.

Online Education: Is it effective?

In the last 20 years, the Internet has grown from being nearly non-existent into the largest, most accessible database of information ever created. It has changed the way people communicate, shop, socialise, do business and think about knowledge and learning. Much more than just a new twist on distance learning, online schooling is changing the face of traditional classrooms and making education more accessible than ever before.

Online education is a form of education where students use their home computers through the internet. For many nontraditional students, among them all those who want to continue working full time or raising families, online graduations and courses have become popular in the past decade. Often online graduation and course programmes, some of which are conducted using digital technologies, are provided via the online learning portal of the host university.

An online education is preferred by individuals who may not be able to make it for classes in a traditional brick and mortar kind of college due to various reasons.

According to me and my observation online education is effective because: The concept of traditional education has changed radically within the last couple of years. Being physically present in a classroom isn’t the only learning option anymore — not with the rise of the internet and new technologies, at least. Nowadays, you have access to a quality education whenever and wherever you want, as long as you have access to a computer. We are now entering a new era — the revolution of online education.

There’s no need to discount the skepticism surrounding education through the internet. It’s hard to understand the notion of leaving behind the conventional classroom, especially if it’s to face this vast space called The Internet.

However, that’s not reason enough to shy away from this alternative, which has proven to be valid and useful for many students. According to the most recent survey from Babson Survey Research Group, over 30 percent of higher education students in the United States are taking at least one distance course. Online education is a sensible choice whether you’re a teenager or an adult. As a student, this can be a useful learning method for sharpening your skills in a difficult subject, or learning a new skill.

Keep on reading to learn five more reasons why you should get involved in online education!

1. It’s flexible.

Online education enables the teacher and the student to set their own learning pace, and there’s the added flexibility of setting a schedule that fits everyone’s agenda. As a result, using an online educational platform allows for a better balance of work and studies, so there’s no need to give anything up. Studying online teaches you vital time management skills, which makes finding a good work-study balance easier. Having a common agenda between the student and teacher can also prompt both parties to accept new responsibilities and have more autonomy.

2. It offers a wide selection of programs.

In a space as vast and wide as the internet, there are infinite skills and subjects to teach and learn. A growing number of universities and higher education schools are offering online versions of their programs for various levels and disciplines. From music composition to quantum physics, there are options for every type of student. Studying your program online is also a great option for getting an official certificate, diploma, or degree without physically setting foot on a university campus.

3. It allows for a customized learning experience.

We’ve mentioned before how flexibility can help you to set your own study pace. But online education is also flexible for each student’s individual requirements and level of ability.

Online classes tend to be smaller than conventional class size. Most of the time, online learning platforms only allow one student at a time, and in almost all cases, this allows for greater interaction and more feedback between you and your tutor.

There’s often access to very diverse material such as videos, photos, and eBooks online as well, and tutors can also integrate other formats like forums or discussions to improve their lessons. And this extra content is available at any moment from anywhere, which will offer you a more dynamic and tailor-made education.

4. It’s more cost-effective than traditional education.

Unlike in-person education methods, online education tends to be more affordable. There’s also often a wide range of payment options let you pay in installments or per class. This allows for better budget management. Many of you may also be subject to discounts or scholarships, so the price is rarely high. You can also save money from the commute and class materials, which are often available for free. In other words, the monetary investment is less, but the results can be better than other options.

As colleges and universities have shuttered their physical campuses in the face of the spread of COVID-19, they have moved their courses to remote and online formats in rapid fashion. And that’s prompted many to wonder what the ultimate impact this period of time may have on online learning in higher education.

Based on the present situation, where individuals come to stand on online learning will depend on where they sit currently. That is, there will be both positive and negative impacts on the state of online learning in higher education.

FUTURE OF ONLINE EDUCATION

Online teaching is here to stay. Many students prefer the online classroom since it offers flexibility in their busy schedules. With the proliferation of information and knowledge, students must become lifelong learners in today’s world, and online education plays an important role in helping individuals access the learner-centered and self-directed instruction.

With enhanced software, hardware, and Internet access, more options for online education will become available. With student enrollments increasing faster than classrooms can be built, students becoming more proficient with technology, and students pursuing an education that meets their needs, the future of online education will continue to grow. Online degree programs will become more widely accepted as they become a more common practice.

Industrial Relation

Industrial Relation has become one of the most delicate, crucial and complex problem of modern industrial society. Industrial Relation is the relation in the industry which is created by complex attitudes and approaches of both management and workers. As we know industrial progress is impossible without our human resource. Harmonious relationship and cooperation of labours helps the organisation to achieve its goals and targets. Therefore, it is favourable for all to create and maintain good and harmonious relation between employee and employer. Industrial Relation can be defined as the relation between the management and the employee of an organisation at the workplace. Industrial Relation or Employee Relation is also known as Labour – Management Relation which is characterised by rapid changes, industrial unrest and conflicting ideologies. It is a dynamic and developing concept which mostly depends on the following factors like pattern of society, economic system and political set-up of a country. Industrial Relation can be studied in both narrow sense as well as broad sense. Industrial Relation is a complex process it is not a simple relationship between employer and employee rather it is living together for the purpose of production, efficiency and industrial progress. For establishing and maintaining a harmonious industrial relations there should be existence of good human relation, organised labour movement, collective bargaining, fair dealing with the workers, etc. It helps in building up healthy attitudes and institution. As we know industrial relation are always a mixture of cooperation and conflict. Cooperation leads to achievement of goals while some conflict always remain. Industrial Relation are multi-dimensional in nature and is conditioned with various determinents like institutional, economic and technological factors, etc. Generally, industrial relations helps in safeguarding the interests of labour and management which is possible through mutual understanding and goodwill. Industrial Relation also helps in improving the economic status or standard of living of the employees and workers by improving their wages, benefits and incentives. It also helps in increasing the participation level of workers and employees by providing them opportunity of giving their opinions and say in the management and decision making. Industrial Relation also helps in encouraging and developing trade union in order to improve the strength of the workers. It also helps in avoiding industrial conflict and strike by developing harmonious relationship between employer and employee. It also helps in enhancing the morale of the workers, productivity of workers and the industrial progress of a country. It helps in eliminating strikes and lockouts as far as possible by providing them reasonable wages, improved living and working condition and fringe benefits. It also helps in establishing and increasing the growth of an industrial democracy. As now we have read so much about industrial relations so we should move forward to know that what are the Importance of Industrial Relation:-

Reduces Disputes – Peaceful Industrial Relation reduces industrial disputes. Disputes normally occur due to dissatisfaction in regards to salary, work environment, etc. And this leads to strikes, lockouts, go – slow tactics, etc. So industrial relations helps in reducing these.
High Morale – Industrial Relation helps in improving the morale of the employees. It helps them to work with great zeal and with the feeling in mind that the interest of both employee and employer are same. There should be complete unity of thought and action for the achievement of industrial peace.
Benefits to Workers – In order to make your workers and employees happy they should be given sufficient monetary and non – monetary benefits which can help them so that they can lead a happy life.

Last But Not the Least

Industrial Relation is very important for both the parties that is employer and employee as it ensures uninterrupted production.

Bargaining a consumer behavior

When a person wants to saves money during buying anything of its use it’s called bargaining, it’s a trick of saving money.

Bargaining or haggling is a type of negotiation in which the buyer and seller of a good or service debate the price and exact nature of a transaction. If the bargaining produces agreement on terms, the transaction takes place. Bargaining is an alternative pricing strategy to fixed prices. Optimally, if it costs the retailer nothing to engage and allow bargaining, they can deduce the buyer’s willingness to spend.

Bargaining means you are trying to get the best price without compromising on any features or benefits. It is competitive, aggressive and a win-lose strategy, and neither party is generally satisfied. On the other hand, negotiation happens in an environment of trust and openness. It is a win-win strategy where both the parties leave the table satisfied.

One of the most effective bargaining methods is to ask if buying multiple items together merits a discount. This is especially helpful when shopping for gifts.

Purchasing Negotiation is part art part science.
If you have been led to believe that you must be the smartest man on planet Earth to be a successful negotiator, it is not so. Apart from having good skills as a negotiator, the most important factor is to Prepare.

This is where the psychological process comes in that you need to use persuasion, communication, verbal & nonverbal skills.

Basically there are 2 types of objectives and approaches to purchasing negotiation. The first is the Confrontational or Lose – Lose approach where you don’t care whether the suppliers makes or loses money. You just bang on the supplier to give you 20% discount no matter what.

Lose – Lose Approach

We call this lose-lose because while you may get the discount you want in the short term, that will come at the expense of quality, delivery times etc. So at the end while the supplier loses in the discount given the buying organization loses more than the discount given.

The second approach is that of Win-Win Negotiations. For example, when you write a price negotiation letter to the supplier, you want to be fair to the supplier and ensure that he makes a reasonable profit but he delivers the products/services with the highest possible quality and on time.

While Win type is most talked about it happens in only about 20% of cases. Plus this is not easy, depending on who’s supervising the purchasing department and company culture.

Deals fall through every day. But businesses that depend on long-term customer relationships have a particular need to avoid win-lose situations, since backing out of a bad deal can cost a lot of future deals as well. Some buyers resort to hardball tactics even when the salesperson has done a consummate job of selling. The premise is that it costs nothing to ask for a concession. Sellers can always say no. They will still do the deal. But many sellers—especially inexperienced ones—say yes to even the most outrageous customer demands.

These is the scenario buying and selling of goods .does not matter you are rich or poor bargaining is the trend and behavior of people .they likes to do these things because it’s a kind of sense of achievement after bargaining .

Animal Cruelty: Efforts taken by India to prevent it

Animal Cruelty is when animals are abused, when non humans inflict any sort of pain on animals either by killing them or physically abusing them. Some religions in India even encourage that, however there have been efforts put by the government to do away with animal cruelty by punishimg the ones who have committed it. Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 has been implemented with the objectives to prevent the infliction of unnecessary pain on animals. The term animal has been defined under the act as any other living creature which is not a human being. However, the irony here is cruelty is nowhere defined the act. Animal welfare board has been established by the central government under this act, for the purpose of fulfilling the objectives stated under the act mainly revolve around animal welfare.

The functions of the members of the board have been clearly specified to frame rules and regulations regarding animal welfare. The other functions have been discussed as follows:

They were also made responsible to protect animals during transportation, they made certain rules regarding the design of a transport vehicle to reduce the deaths of animals caused during transportation.
They had to take measures to protect animals by giving their owners financial assistance, providing rescue homes and shelter to all.
Proper veterinary assistance had to be ensured which also included proper medical attention in animal hospitals.
Awareness has to provided through various campaigns and programmes to make sure everyone is aware of the law that exists and they can put an end to animal cruelty.
The board should advice the government in matters related to animal protection and safety.
It also has a duty to realise various animal welfare organisations, and provide them varoius benefits.

There also another legislation and even the constitution itself which contains provisions to prevent animal cruelty and to promote animal protection. Animal cruelty is a cognizable offence under section 428 and 429 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Article 48A and article 51A(g) of the constitution have also promoted animal welfare, it has been stated that the state is responsible to take care of the livelihood of all animals it is even a fundamental duty of all citizens to protect animals. Other legislations dealing with animal protection are Prevention of cruelty to Animals, (Slaughterhouse) Rules, 2001, and Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, which consider slaughtering of animal as illegal.

We can sum up the above information and come to a conclusion that The Prevention Of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 prohibits any person to lay their finger on an animal with bad intentions. The Act also makes to crime to kick or beat animals, it is also illegal to use unfit animals for work purposes, it is also a crime to engage animals in various competitions which may arouse them to fight, and after it causes them pain (specifically many religious competitions). It is also illegal to engage in animal in various competitions where they fall prey to like shooting competitions, where the person has to shoot the animal. Surprisingly it is considered as an offense if the owner is unable to take care of the animal, i.e, nor provide proper shelter or food, abandons them, etc. It gives all around safety to animals, however a question may arise that isn’t the law outdated, and further amendments have to be made considering the present situation, and the answer is yes. The law implemented is considered to be outdated, it has never been amended from 1960, which also means that the punishments and penalties remain the same, which may not be right in the present day. We may hope for further amendments in the particular act in the future.

Hence, it has been proved that efforts were taken and will be taken in the matter of animal cruelty. It is necessary to have a good relationship between the man and nature which consists animals, that’s when there will balance between the human beings and non human beings. Stopping animal cruelty not only saves animals but also reduced the global warming and pollution situations which are prevailing in the present day, if animals exist there will be balance in the nature, as everything is interrelated. Therefore, animals should be given the same importance as of animals.

The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Bill, 2007

Senior citizens are considered to be the citizens of India who have crossed the age of 60 years. They almost constitute around 10 percent of the population of the nation, and there have been cases reported where there has been gross violation of their human rights. There are certain set of problems which the old aged face which take the form of economic problems, as they have no or less earning at this age, psychological and physical problems, as in they become physically and mentally weak due to various health problems, and social problems, it is the lack of care towards them. India as a nation, gives a lot of importance to the senior citizens, by giving social and economical benefits, and has put forward a legislation named “The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens” which has been implemented to restore the rights of these people by making it mandatory for their children to provide maintenance to them. Various situations have been reported where old age people have been abandoned by their own children, due to which their is a threat to their survival.

The main objectives of the act is to provide maintenance to the senior citizens for the purpose of their livelihood and survival. It also aims at increasing the number of old age homes at each place for the welfare of these citizens. The bill also defines the terms maintenance, senior citizen, parent and child , relative, etc under the act to give a clear view regarding these terms. The key features of the act have been discussed as follows:

Takes care of the elderly by giving them the provision of maintenance. This act places an obligation on the children and relatives to give maintenance to the senior citizen in the form of monthly allowance, and other such necessities which are required for their survival. When the senior citizen is unable to take care of themselves and live out of the income he is receiving from his/her property , then if they apply to the maintenance tribunal, it can be received from the child or children (if more than one) who are inheriting the property given by the paren or in this case senior citizen.
Provision for Maintenance Tribunal : As stated above, it is required for the senior citizen to apply for the tribunal in order to receive maintenance. The state government will decide upon the number of tribunals to be established to fulfill the purpose of the Act. After the tribunal looks into the matter, and review the situations, if it deems it fit the application will be granted, and the allowance shall not exceed rupess 10,000 per month. The application shall at any cause be disposed within 90 days. If the tribunal find out any misrepresentation it has the power either to cancel the allowance or alter it accordingly.
Appeals can go to the courts which is presided by at least a District magistrate.
It is not compulsory for a legal practitioner to represent the senior citizen, they can be represented by a social welfare officers.
A list of offences an penalties have been clearly stated in the act. Offences like not providing with maintenance, or abandoning an old age person, then either penalties will be taken or the person will be imprisoned for a specific period of time, or even both.
The Act has provided other provisions, like for establishing old age homes, and the rules and regulations which has to be followed by it. Ensure special medical attention to senior citizens in hospitals, and shall bring awareness in people regarding the act by various campaigns.

There are other legislations which support the idea od maintenance and taking care of senior citizens by giving them old age security and they are, Article 41 of the constitution which is a DPSP (Directive Principles of State Policy) which makes the state responsible to look after the livelihood of the old age and sick, and two act namely the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 which contain provisions to relating to the children having an obligation to look after their old age parents, by giving maintenance when they are unable to take care of themselves.

We can come to conclusion that this act makes sure that every senior citizen has livelihood, but does not consider the mental health of them of they are sent to old age homes. I personally feel that there has to be provision stating that if the children are financial stable then they should look after their parents no matter what. We have to keep one thing in mind that parents have given us a good life by giving us a good education which leads to a good future, hence, we have to take care of them in the same way they took care of us when we were growing up. This act does not entirely take into consideration of the senior citizen but has played an important role for the old person’s survival.

Are Women Misusing their Rights ?

We have been seeing the efforts that are being taken by the Parliament to put the rights for women in par with the rights of men, but did it strike to you at least once that are the rights which have been given to women in any way being misused. Are women nowadays at a greater advantage than that of men, and are men being exploited out of certain privileges that are given only to women. We have seen a lot of struggles and movements which have been initiated by the women in the society to get justice due to the unequal treatment between man and a woman, but after getting the rights are they honestly using it or, are they taking advantage of it. These maybe the questions that are arising when you first see the title of the article.

Being a woman I have seen us getting certain privileges that men apparently do not get. We have separate quota when it comes to educational institution, we have separate such reservations in job opportunities, in politics, even when it comes to sitting in a train, we have a separate women’s coach. Since I was born I haven’t seen anything close to what we have now. There have been many complaints and reports showing that women are beinge, raped, abused, prone to domestic violence and many other such crimes, and correspondingly the parliament of India has taken efforts to prevent such crimes by granting women some rules and regulation due to which the crimes can be prevented.

Now let us take the case of rape, it it given under section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 that if a male commits a rape against a women, then it is consiered as a non bailable offence, which gives the police power to arrest the man just with the women’s word that he has committed rape. This is highly considered to be sexist firstly as it doesn’t think about the consequences that what if the women lied and he is not the rapist, secondly it doesn’t consider the so call Men’s rape, why?. Reports prove that at least 20% of the rape cases are false allegiances. This proves that women are taking advantages in not all but surely in some situations. This represents the loopholes in law, that when something happens to a women it is considered bad and we are supposed to feel sorry for it, but there is not even a basic consideration that what if all the above crimes to women happen to men. Why don’t we consider the probability that it can happen to man as well, just because we think and consider that men are fearless and strong, shouldn’t we think about the men who are vulnerable and weak. Not only regarding rape but we have seen clear signs of sexism when it comes to other crimes like the wife blackmailing the husband to file a case under the Dowry Prohibition Act, even if there was no abuse or violence, and before the amendment in 2018 adultery which has been stated as a crime under Section 497 of the Indian Penal Code, it only considered the man as the person aggrieved and never the women, the wife was considered to be the property of the man, and it was concluded that the man should be punished in cases of adultery and never the women as they are considered to be a special category in the society, and there is no harm in giving them special provisions. Only after 70 years of struggle adultery has finally been decriminalised in India.

Overall, I wanted to say that there are situations where we women have been clearly misusing our rights. I feel that we have come close to a day where being born as a man will be considered bad, due to all the current laws. Feminism truly means to give men and women equal rights, but in some situations women have an edge over men, they are being exploited and affected. This can be solved if our legislature recognises the threat to men also. Our laws should get more stricter and their application should be done in an effective ans efficient way. All, its hight time and sexism against men should also be taken into consideration.

Is Censorship Of Films Legally Supported ?

Censorship is the process of cutting out or suspending parts of either a film, book, or any material that is going to be published, if it is considered to be unappropriate. It can be unappropriate if it is considered to be obscene, or politically and socially wrong, and if it may pose a threat to the nation’s security.There have been debated regarding censorship saying that it is violating the freedom of speech and expression which is stated under Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian constitution, however it has been argued that censorship is a part of the reasonable restrictions which is stated under article 19(2) which states that the above right can be invoked if it is in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.

A film is the best form of communication which can represent anything in the form of acting through actions, these are so powerful and they can be even used as a means of change in the society. Some even inspire a person’s mind to look out of the box, to achieve their dreams and goals. Cinema/Movies/Film can be of different genres/topics but for it to be published it has to obtain a certificate from the Central Board of Film Certification to be considered legally valid and to make it available for the public exhibition. This board was established under the The Cinematograph Act, 1952 Act which contains rules and regulations regarding censorship, certification of a film and its publication. The board had the duties to give a certificate to the films spending on it’s content, it could be U which states that is a universal movies for all, UA which states that parental guidance is necessary for children to view it, A which means only adult scan watch it, and S which means it is restricted to a special class of people only. The boars also has the power to totally ban the film if it considers it inappropriate, which has been discussed above, it can be in cases where it is portraying a lot of violence, or degrading religions, has a lot of obscene content, discriminating men and women,if it is too political, causes hatred among people etc. Obscenity is subjective and it will be decided from a common person’s point of view in the society in general. Overall we can say that board is the main authority which looks into the overall impact of the film by viewing it themselves, and it either certifies the film, or totally rejects it.

One of the cases where the issue of censorship was raised firstly was in the K A Abbas v Union of India and was thereby declared that censorship does not violate the freedom of speech and expression, and pre-censorship is to be considered a vital step towards publication. There are a list of offences or crimes which are not supposed to committed by filmmakers, and they have been discussed below:

Obscenity: It is the portrayal of certain thing which are not considered to be morally decent in the society, it is considered as offensive in the society (usually display of sexual acts). What maybe obscene today may not be the same tomorrow, it is subjective and it changes in par with the thoughts and opinions in the society. However, if indecent of offensive actions are portrayed it is considered to be a crime under section 292, 293, and 294 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). Some sections define obscene content and the other provide for its punishment and penalties.
Sedition: The act of publishing information, which bring hate toward the government and incites a person to against the government is called sedition. This is a crime under section 124A of the IPC.
Defamation: When the content published has defamed a person particularly, it is considered to be a crime under section 499 of IPC.
If there is any content which promotes hatred towards a particular class in the society on the basis of gender, class, race, religion, caste, place of birth, language, etc then it is considered to be a crime under section 153A of the IPC.
When there is a contract or an agreement between the makers of the film and the movie theatres, stating that the film can be published only in certain theatres and not all, this is an offence.

There are other legislations and not only the above sections in IPC for the above offences and crimes.

At a conclusion can say that cinema is an instrument which can portray ideas and thoughts in the right way, and censorship is totally valid legally, ethically, socially and morally. It is necessary to review the films before they go out in the public, this is done for the welfare of its citizens. Cinema has the power to influence the public and hence it should take necessary measure to make sure that the wrong content is not being portrayed. Everything has a limit and therefore the freedom of speech and expression should not be used beyond its reasonable restrictions, it also should have a limited use, there has to be balance of the good and bad while we represent anything. Therefore, certification board has been established for the above said reasons, so that it can fulfill its duties to prevent them.

Why Is FSSAI So Important?

The FSSAI is the abbreviation of Food Safety and Standards Authority of India which has been established under the Food Safety & Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA). The FSSAI is an independent body which is controlled by the Ministry of Health and family Welfare, and its main function is to fulfill the objectives that have been laid down in the act. The FSSA laid down rules and regulations regarding food safety standards, regulates the manufacture, storage distribution, sale and import, of the food products and also makes sure that there is the availability of safe and healthy food for consumption. This act also lays down the punishments and penalties if an offence is committed against the rules laid down in the act, and provides rules regarding the structure of officers in the FSSAI.. This act is a combination of 7 older acts , they are The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, The Fruit Products Order, 1955, The Meat Food Products Order, 1973, The Vegetable Oil Products (Control) Order, 1947, The Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation) Order, 1998, The Solvent Extracted Oil, De oiled Meal, and Edible Flour (Control) Order, 1967, The Milk and Milk Products Order, 1992. The act replaced the above 7 acts. The FSSAI should promote the health of the public by making sure that the food standards are followed by all industries, which can be checked by continuous supervision. The main office of the FSSAI is situated in Delhi.

The objectives of the FSSAI are discussed as follows:

To establish a set of common standards that have to be adhered by all industries producing food, to ensure food safety.
Establish a information network, to make the consumers aware about all the standards, and practices used in the manufacturing of goods. (Consumer Awareness)
Regulate the manufacturing, storage, distribution, sale and imports of the food products.
Most importantly to to ensure that the rules and regulations under the act are not violated. If by chance offences are committees they have to punished accordingly.

The functions of the FSSAI are: (They have been clearly given under the FSS Act, 2006)

Issue FSSAI license to all who have followed the standards, this makes the industry more reliable for the consumers. The license acts as a permit to the food industries. This license is only issued if the manufacturing if happening in the safest way possible and if the food is healthy in all possible ways.
Enforcing all the safety standards that have been laid.
Laying down mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of certification bodies engaged in certification of food safety management system for food businesses.
Laying down procedure and guidelines for accreditation of laboratories and notification of the accredited laboratories.
Provide advice and support to the central and state government when it is regarding framing policies for food safety and nutrition.
Collect data regarding relevant scientific and technical data relating to food and its safety, and providing for measures in case of emergency situations.
Creating an information network across the country so that the public, consumers, etc receive reliable information regarding food safety.
Provide training programmes for persons who are involvedor want to get involved in food businesses.
Contribute to the development of international technical standards for food, sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards.
Promote general awareness about food safety and food standards.

Food is a good which is consumed by all levels of the society, either rich or poor, as it provides survival to them, therefore it should pe provided in the most safest way possible which makes the population more healthy and strong. To sum it up, the FSSAI is important because it has to fulfill the above stated and objectives and functions. If it does not do it duly then there will be chaos and exploitation related to food and its safety in the nation, therefore the authority playa an important role in regulating the standards set which ensure welfare of the people. The only way that all the above set of rules will be followed are by legislating it and giving it legal validity. Hence, law plays an important role in developing the society within it. Law scares the criminals, and gives protection to all the innocent in this case the consumers, it protects them from exploitation.

The Game has Changed a Lot: The IPL has made itself announced Aloud

-SHUBHANKAR

When in 2008, the 1^st season of the Indian Premier League (IPL) started, nobody had thought that this glamourous cricket tournament of 20 overs a side could be one of the most important leagues after almost 12 successful seasons of IPL so far. The league has seen its’s ups and downs, from making unknown players shine with the biggest stars from all around the world or be it the downfall of the league after match fixing was done, banning teams like Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals for 2 years. IPL has seen it all. For me, IPL has helped Indian cricket to grow in many ways by finding talents from all over the country and giving them the exposure to play in front of huge crowds as well as with cricketers from all around the world, making these young talents grow into mature cricketers.

Well, people have their opinions that glamour has overshadowed the cricket, but I don’t think so. Yes, glamour is there, but the quality of cricket is the same as in international cricket. How about taking the example of Jasprit Bumrah, India’s premier pace bowler from the past 2-3 years. How did he came to be known as one of the best fast bowlers the world has ever produced, let alone in India. Its because he got an opportunity to play for the Mumbai Indians in IPL where he developed his skills, played in games where his team were under pressure and performed to his fullest. Got to play with legendary Sri Lankan fast bowler Lasith Malinga, learned a lot from him and gained in his skill set as well as confidence. This is the biggest gain from IPL. That’s what is the biggest pro for this glamourous league. IPL has given many superstars and now they are performing rather well for their respective countries. Many countries boards select players on the basis of there form in the IPL, which is a huge compliment for the IPL, as a cricket league.

But as is said, with pros come cons as well. When the match fixing scandal arose in IPL, it defamed the whole tournament, but the teams and the players took this whole controversy head on and went on playing and making IPL the best twenty-twenty league in the world. Well, another con of IPL could be that selection on the basis of IPL performance can be sometimes unfair, as players performing well in IPL doesn’t mean they would perform well in International cricket also, especially in the toughest format of the game, i.e., Test cricket. For playing or even doing well in test cricket, individuals need to play first class cricket, in India’s case that’s playing the Ranji Trophy. So, I think the Board of Cricket Control in India (BCCI) should also give more emphasis on India’s premier domestic tournament, Ranji Trophy. The improvement in Ranji trophy tournament will mean the overall development of Indian cricket to its fullest.

Well everything said and done, I feel that IPL has added a great dimension, not only to Indian cricket, but to world cricket and given fans a way to enjoy this beautiful game, known as the Gentlemen’s Game- Cricket.

THE THEORY OF SEPARATION OF POWER AND ITS REAL LIFE APPLICATION

The theory of separation of powers is a doctrine of administration of a state. This theory states that the different functions of the state that is, the legislature, the executive and the judiciary must be separate and independent from each other. This distinction is made with understanding that the branches of the government should not conflict with each other. In this doctrine, it is believed that no single organ of the government should hold all the powers of the government thus there should be a dilution of the powers in different organs which would lead to the smooth running of the government. This theory was given by Montesquieu who was a French judge and a political philosopher. According to him, the powers of the government should be divided into between the legislatures, executive and judiciary. The legislature deals with the law-making process of the government, the executive would deal with the enforcement of law and the judiciary was responsible for protecting and resolves the disputes of the law. During the 17th century, most of the states were ruled by the monarchs. The monarchs were the amalgamation of all the three divisions of the state in one man. All the powers were concentrated in one man and he was the state, consequently, doctrine or theory which states the separation of power was a revolutionary idea. Here Montesquieu has divided the powers between three organs of the government. The independence of the organs means that people’s liberty would be protected. This system of distribution of power makes sure that the other organs would limit the powers of each other and prevent each other from being supreme. It forms an effective arrangement of checks and balances… It means that all the organs of the government have the same level of power so they can balance each other. The structure allows the smooth functioning of the government while protecting people’s liberty.

The UNITED STATES OF AMERICA –

The first big support to this theory came from the founding fathers of the Constitution of the USA. The first 3 articles of the constitution of the United States of America establishes the 3 organs of the government, the legislative branch, the executive branch and the judiciary.

Article 1 of the constitution establishes the legislative branch. The legislative branch consists of the Congress which is responsible for the making laws in the country. Article 2 of the constitution establishes the executive branch which comprises of the President of the country. The President is responsible for the implementation of the laws made by congress. Article 3 of the constitution establishes the judicial branch which is the United States Supreme Court which preserves and interprets the laws made by the legislative branch.

The main reason the theory was adopted into the country was because of its checks and balance system for example when the Congress makes the laws, the President has the right to veto them and the Supreme Court has the power to declare them unconstitutional. Therefore the separation of power between the three organs ensures the systematic and smooth functioning of the government and secures the people’s liberty in the state.

INDIA –

India is a constitutional democracy but it does not offer a solid differentiation of powers. Although India doesn’t follow the principle rigidly the functions of each organ is clear. Article 296 in the Indian constitution states that the executive powers rest on the President of the country and in the states, it rests on the Governors of the state. The president is assisted by the Prime Minister and his cabinet of ministers in the executive matters. The president is called as the chief executive and has blended functions. The President is authorized by the constitution to give ordinances in emergencies as his main legislative function. He can also grant, suspend and dismiss punishments or any sentence, he is performing the judicial function in appointing of the judges in the Supreme Court. This shows that there is no absolute implementation of the principle of separation of power.

The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body in India. The Parliament formulates the law in India. It has two houses – the council of states or The Rajya Sabha and the house of the commons or The Lok Sabha. The houses are headed by the President of India. The Supreme Court of India is the judicial branch of the three organs of the government.

The Judiciary is vested with the power to safeguard the rights of the people as per the Constitution of India. The existence of all the checks and balances would make sure that the organs would not exceed the constitution limits The laws framed by the legislature can be repealed by the Supreme Court of India if it is found inconsistent with the Constitution on India. Parliament can impeach judges of Supreme Court and High Courts of states for their incompetence and mala fides or bad faith. The President can set aside the laws made by the legislative body if it is not under the values set by the constitution of India. These Checks and balances become preventive measures against abuse of power and corruption.

In conclusion, the theory of separation of power is a radical concept at that time is not attainable. The complete separation of powers is not desirable nor is it realistic. The government functions due to the mutual relation between the three organs of the government so complete separation would not benefit the government. The complete separation also leads to conflict and confusion. The theory’s main central idea was to protect the liberty of the people but the liberty of the people is done by protecting the fundamental rights of the people, the protection of the human rights to the citizens, independence of the judiciary and keeping the spirit of democracy.

Addressing Toxic Masculinity

“Sometimes people hear “toxic masculinity” and think the term is anti-men. It isn’t. It’s anti-telling- men -they-have-to-repress-emotions- and – be-dominant-alphas-to- be- considered – real-guys. It’s pro-men. Thinking, feeling, resilient, strong, awesome men.”

– Amanda Jette Knox

I am sure that if you’re an international K-pop fan, then you are no stranger to the knee-jerk reaction people have after they have begged you to show them the images and/or music videos or any K-Pop group. Most reactions generally revolve around “They look like women” or “They are too feminine” or “Why are they wearing make-up?” or the infamous “Are they gay?”.

This made me wonder, what exactly is it that causes such a reaction? What does it mean to be ‘man’ or to be something lesser than that? Are we, as a society, missing out on addressing the toxic masculinity that plagues the young minds?

Although, there have been some colloquies on it, most of them leave out the dialogue that Asian men are particularly hyper-emasculated in western culture (and also by minorities in western culture) which could also be a reason why people automatically react in this manner, besides already having discrimination towards appearances that don’t fit the extremes of femininity and masculinity. As for the people mouthing off about K-pop looking too “feminine”, it ends up bringing up the connotation that femininity is a bad thing somehow. It’s essential to understand that feminine and masculine traits are social constructs, so they change according to each culture.

What is toxic masculinity?

Toxic masculinity is those elements of our social definition of masculinity that have concrete negative impacts on men by promoting behaviours such as refusing medical treatment to appear strong, suppressing emotions that show vulnerability, and idolizing violence as a solution to problems.

These behaviours are enforced by other men (and society as a whole), by challenging the manhood of those who deviate from this behavior, while also teaching each other that manhood is something to be valued above all else. In addition, most of them wrestle with the perception of masculinity, which, in a feudal society like ours, is very conditional. Of course, women perpetrate violence too: they can be aggressive and brutal, particularly to other women. But undoubtedly, the culture that stokes such violence smacks of machismo. Manhood is not naturally given, but is a goal to be achieved. To be born a boy is a privilege but one that can be lost if one is not properly initiated into masculine practices.

What are the core features of this model of manhood?

First, aggression is natural and desirable in men. A ‘real’ man is eager to pick up a fight. If he does not, he is told to wear bangles on his wrist. Even the slightest intrusion in his physical, mental or social space is unacceptable. Second, men must be tough — muscular and unemotional; they must not be easily perturbed, must not grieve and cry. Part of what it means to be tough is to suppress empathy towards others, to be embarrassed by fear or any other vulnerability. Third, men must be ambitious and ruthless. Once they set a goal, it must be achieved regardless of consequences to others. Since winning is all-important, other men striving to achieve the same goal are rivals to be eliminated. Extreme competitiveness, on this model, is a classical male characteristic. Fourth, it does not behove men to consult others, negotiate with the weak, or settle for anything less than what they want. They take independent decisions that brook no questioning. As famously put by Amitabh Bachchan in one of his films, ‘Bas… keh diya na (Enough, I have said so).’

And if you don’ fill in these roles, then too bad, you’re deemed to be not ‘man enough’.

In most discourses, however, what isn’t properly addressed is that women perpetuate toxic masculinity too. There is an institutionalized aspect of masculine toxicity as culture that we recognize as true for men in general, but ignore being equally true among women, even many feminist women. Most people and groups do this to some extent, it’s hard to be fully self aware and self critical. We don’t always see the flaws in ourselves as readily as we see them in others. Part of feminism is recognizing the invisible structures that pull societal norms to be what they are. This is just an aspect of that and speaks to the idea that we really have to be the change we want to see in the world and it’s pretty naive to consider yourself or your group as “clean hands” in the matter just because you are aware of one piece of the puzzle.

So, what can be done to overcome this?

The first step would be, abandoning ‘just for men’ attitudes, and not doing it for the sake of getting women to like you. ‘Woke’ bros are just as problematic, so just live honestly and act respectfully towards everyone. Stand up for what’s right even when it’s hard and you’re a minority voice.

Just like we “make room” or “hold space” for voices that are actually impacted by the problems we see in our society it makes sense we should do the same to at least include men as valuable voices to addressing the “male toxicity” problem. Only they can speak their own truth.

Violence, misogyny, and no accountability are pillars of toxic masculinity. So, knock down those pillars daily. Embracing who you are and standing up for those who need it, you start to realize gender doesn’t have a place to shape our lives as rigidly as society tells us. Call it inner peace and confidence! You can embrace your personhood, just not things. You can embrace your own idea of a ‘masculine’ identity, just don’t be attached to the external.

“All of us have to recognize that being a man is first and foremost being a good human. That means being responsible, working hard, being kind, respectful, compassionate. If you’re confident about your strength, you don’t need to show me by putting somebody else down.”

Taste of Tribal Jharkhand

Jharkhand is a state that is growing popularity these days not only owing to budding tourism places but also people commonly relate it to mouth-watering delicacies. The cuisine is not very unalike from its neighboring states like Bihar or Kolkata It is truthfully attractive and contains a diverse cooking form which styles it wholly exceptional. People here use mustard oil as the main element in most dishes which gives it a distinctive flavor.

So, let’s taste some-

Dhuska

Dhuska is one of the utmost widespread food in Jharkhand and is a part of every day. Your voyage to Jharkhand is unfinished without eating Dhuska. It is typically devoured as a breakfast item, fried deeply in mustard oil. Thee ingredients used in Dhuska are rice and urad dal. It’s served with green chutney and chole.

Litti Chokha

One of the most important and famous cuisines of Jharkhand is Litti & Chokha. The food of Jharkhand is mostly vegetarian. Litti is the very famous dish of Jharkhand which is serving with Bangan Barta and Allo Barta.

Rugda

Rugda is a species of Mushroom which is a very delicious food item. A type of mushroom which you will find only during the monsoons, often in the forest. It grows beneath the soil and only the locals of the forest will be able to find it. Although found only in the Chota Nagpur Plateau, it can be found all over the state. It can be said which no one wants to leave. If cooked well with proper ingredients you will fall in love with the dish.

Chilka

A dish made of rice flour served with Oal (yams) ki Sabzi or with mutton curry is a famous dish. A dish made from a staple grain; rice, this reminds of a south Indian dish dosa but has a distinct flavor. Made in a similar way using rice flour, chana dal, and Urad dal as ingredients this Jharkhand food is a famous dinner of these people.

The CHERO

The Chero lived in the Jharkhand State of India. They are “Adivasis” and belongs to the Wotriol tribe. Many people called them “Cherus or Cher was”. In some districts of Jharkhand, they are widely recognized by name of “Bara Hazar”. In many books, I found that they called themselves Rajput and are divided into two sub-divisions – 1) Bara Hazari, 2) Barbadian. These two subgroups are endogamous, and both groups are further divided into several septs. The chero village is situated in plain areas marks the hills and dense forest.

Coming to their family structure, the Chero has a patrilocal and Patriarchal system. They have full faith in marriage and they have confidence in the sacred ritual of marriage. They usually follow the rule of monogamy. The Chero has also adopted dual worship. They worship Hindi gods and goddesses and also worship local gods and spirits. The female members of a family tattooed themselves made by malariam.

What is Social Justice?

Social Justice is a word that we hear a lot on public platforms and in the media these days. The idea of justice encompasses notions like equity, fairness, getting what one deserves, and the absence of bias. It is a fundamental element for the proper and ethical functioning of any civilization or society. A society that is lacking in justice and does not seek to amend for this lack will be marked by discrimination, violence, and a loss of the recognition of the intrinsic value of life. It is fundamental to our existence as human beings and necessary for the harmonious co-existence of diversities.

The United Nations’ definition of social justice is as follows: “Social justice may be broadly understood as the fair and compassionate distribution of the fruits of economic growth.” The US Centre for Economic and Social Justice defines it as thus: “Social justice encompasses economic justice. Social justice is the virtue that guides us in creating those organized human interactions we call institutions. In turn, social institutions, when justly organized, provide us with access to what is good for the person, both individually and in our associations with others. Social justice also imposes on each of us a personal responsibility to work with others to design and continually perfect our institutions as tools for personal and social development.” The concept of Social Justice arose in the 19^th century during the industrial revolution in Europe. The industrial revolution saw the emergence of Capitalism which thrived on exploitation and cheap labour. Concepts of social justice were brought forward to remedy the injustices that were being thus perpetuated in society. However, today we use the term to not only signify disparities in economic situations but also various other social injustices and discriminations. These could be related to gender, caste, race, ethnicity, religion, disability, or anything else that becomes a means by which negative differentiation comes about in society.

Social justice has become an umbrella term under which various struggles and fights against societal inequalities take place. It is intrinsically connected to human rights and operates under the assumption that all individuals are equal and have the right to enjoy equal access to health, justice, societal privileges, etc irrespective of the background or culture that they come from. It is employed to fight systemic injustices manifested in political, economic, and legal structures. Equality can be achieved through protests which are to lead to changes in policy. It is also supportive of affirmative action that allows groups that have been marginalized and oppressed over centuries to be given compensatory benefits. This is to ensure that they are able to move ahead and be on par with their peers in the long run, while also not being victimized by any oppressor. It stands for political representation and equity in all spheres of life.

Social justice should be the concern of every honest individual in society who cares about his fellow being. Those who fight for social justice are to understand the deeply rooted inequities in society and call them out, working towards better policies and laws. But it also involves changing mindsets, unlearning privileges, breaking apart structures of thought, opening up spaces. Recognizing privileges and being allies to those who have been subjugated by powers and thereby forced into a life of heightened oppression and lesser opportunities is absolutely necessary at this juncture in history. We have come a long way and won many battles against societal evils but there are more that need to be fought, and there is always more that we can do for others.

Rural Health

Health is a state of wellness of the body, mind and soul. Health is an important component for ensuring better quality of life. Someone truly said that “Health is Wealth”. By this we can say that who is healthy he is wealthy and prosperous. Health is most important than the pile of gems. In this modern era we have invented many medicine and medical equipment to cure diseases but in rural areas there are lots of health related issues. By the way, India is a vast country. The Larger part of Indian resides in rural areas i.e approx 716 million people more than 60%. Larger population of the India is poor continue to fight constantly battle for survival and health.

In rural areas, there is widespread hunger, high levels of morbidity, and a vast unmet need for curative health care.The rural populations, who are the prime victims of the policies, work in the most hazardous atmosphere and live in abysmal living conditions. Unsafe and unhygienic birth practices, unclean water, poor nutrition, sub-human habitats, and degraded and unsanitary environment are challenges to the public health system. The majority of the rural population are small holders, artisans and labourers, with limited resources that they spend chiefly on food and necessities such as clothing and shelter. They have no money left to spend on health.

Issues

Lack of proper Infrastructure

Unavailablity of adequate numbers of Doctors and health workers.

Even most of the Indian villages haven’t facility of potable water.

Most of the villagers still using traditional method like burner, chulhas, oil lamps,wood fire etc by these many women got suffer by Breathing problems, Bronchitis, Tuberculosis etc.

In rural areas there is lack of information and due to low literacy skills of people believe on customary treatment. Other religious beliefs or other superstitious method to cure diseases.

Now our government is trying continuously to improve quality of rural health.Now, the govt is also working on many cpaigns for family planning,Maternal health, Birth control, cleanliness (swachh Bharat Abhiyan )etc and projects like Jan Ausdhi pariyojana for cheap and certified medicine, Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY for free medical checkup up to 5 lakhs. But it should imply health policies strictly and start drive against corruption involved. It should also revise the health policies and promote long term projects to overcome any emergency or any pandemic like COVID-19 easily.

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Assam is Fighting Alone?

Assam is a state in north eastern India known for its wildlife, archaeological sites and tea plantations. In the west, Guwahati, Assam’s largest city, features silk bazaars and the hilltop Kamakhya Temple. Umananda Temple sits on Peacock Island in the Brahmaputra River. The state capital, Dispur, is a suburb of Guwahati. The ancient pilgrimage site of Hajo and Madan Kamdev, the ruins of a temple complex, lie nearby. The state was the first site for oil drilling in Asia. Assam is home to the one-horned Indian Rhinoceros, along with the wild water buffalo, pygmy hog, tiger and various species of Asiatic birds, and provides one of the last wild habitats of the Asian elephant. The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Nagaland and Manipur to the east, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh to the south.

Flooding and mudslides are an annual occurrence in Assam, but because of global heating their frequency and intensity are increasing. This year’s monsoon rains have affected 28 of the state’s 33 districts – some of the worst flooding in years. Successive governments have made promises to strengthen the state’s flood defences but projects have remained mired in corruption and inefficiency. Kaziranga national park and tiger reserve which is home to 2,400 of the one-horned rhinos – the largest concentration of them in the world – has been severely affected by the flooding, with 85% of the 407 sq mile (1,055 sq km) park underwater. Officials said that 59 of the 223 anti-poaching camps had been inundated and as well as the rhinos, among the dead animals were deer, porcupines and Asiatic water buffalo.

Severe flooding in India’s Assam and neighbouring Nepal has killed at least 200 people and displaced millions, severely hampering efforts to stop the spread of coronavirus.

In Assam, heavy monsoon rains burst the banks of the Brahmaputra River, causing more than 2,000 villages to be enveloped in floods and mudslides and displacing 2.75 million people in the past two weeks. There have been 85 deaths reported in the state.

Keshab Mahanta, Assam’s water resources minister, said: “The flood situation remains critical with most of the rivers flowing menacingly above the danger mark.”

Officials voiced concern that the flooding and hurried evacuation of millions of Assam residents would cause a significant rise in cases of coronavirus in the north-eastern state, known for its tea plantations. At the moment, 50,000 people are sheltered in cramped relief camps but because of the scale and urgency of the evacuations, officials admitted that no physical distancing measures were being enforced.

Media is more interested in covering news which are of those people who have so many other people to look after them or just a call away. Celebrities who turned positive in Covid-19 have more media coverage than 1.16 million people in India who are affected for the same reason. Similarly, no media cover the news of Assam flood which is getting worst year by year. It seems northeast regions are not the part of India so why will media houses will talk about it.

North east people are bullied by other state people for the cuisine they eat, the way they look, the way they dressed. But we ignore the fact that many great sports players belong to north east.

North east is a part of India, we should treat them equally as they belong to our country. We should take some preventive measures to control the flood. As we cannot control flood from coming as it’s a natural calamity but we can take certain measures to prevent Assam from larger amount of destruction. Assam is part of India in their difficult times we should unite and come together to help them.

Black skin matters

Racism- The belief that a person with fairer skin or practicing any particular language or belonging to a race is superior than the others. This is one of the most peculiar and disturbing norms of our country- India, also very much prevalent till now , even in today’s world and probably this will again be carried on from generations to generations. Our society is dynamic and adopts new methods of survival but what about the ancient rituals? Shall we get rid of those any day? Abolishing those customs or faith is definitely going to change the conditions of society for better. Racism begins from home, yes, and has everything to deal with our own individuality. Right from birth, a girl with relatively darker skin is to be criticized by the parents or their relatives as , ‘yeh toh kitna kala haain’. It is unfortunate that the father or mother may say all these to their child as if having a dark skin is some kind of a curse. Why is Dark not considered as beautiful? Why should a child be humiliated for his/ her skin, for something which isn’t his/ her fault at all? A person who is rich in melanin content will automatically result in her skin color. This phenomenon is 100 per cent genetic and has nothing to do with God’s grace or something close to that. Being dark skinned needs no treatment to be fairer or be beautiful, she is already beautiful enough In her own skin. As if being fairer will have a huge impact on the carrier or success of a girl. She has to be fair to prove herself to be beautiful even if she is an IPS Officer or the greatest actress. Eminent personalities like Priyanka Chopra, Susmita Sen are a few World class Indian beauties who aced their tanned skin tones and made our country proud. Still, the mindset of commoners hasn’t changed. No one can defame you on your skin color or disrespect you, its high time. India needs to make racism illegal and punishable. As because, there are so many different types of skin colors in India, with so much variations of cool and warm undertones as well… namely, Olive, Brown, Dark, Black and a lot more. We should be proud of our distinctiveness, protect our uniqueness and not to disregard these variations randomly. We should be ashamed of how guilty we all are to embarrass someone of their skin color. The term “Dark” metaphorically means Evil whereas “Fair” means Good. Being dark skin doesn’t signify evilness or being fair skin doesn’t signify goodness. This is actually very important to embrace your own skin tone, as having any skin color is a blessing and this is exactly the way you look or the way you shall carry yourself. Black men or women shall start loving their tones and be proud of that. Just accept the way you are and no need to feel unhappy or shy about it. Your ambition, determination defines you and not the color of your skin.

“Dipped in chocolate, bronzed in elegance, enameled with grace, toasted with beauty, My Lord, she is a black woman” – Yosef A.A. Ben- Jochannan. Unfortunately, each and every dark skinned girls had either been insulted, harrassed or called out for their skin color. It really hurts to see such kinds of mindsets still exists in qualified and educated communities of people. At least once in their lifetime, the dark skinned beauties has been abused in spite of how successful they are. The acceptance a fair-skinned woman gets during marriage is very much rare in case of those dark skinned beauties, in a country like India. Often they are rejected directly on their face which breaks their self confidence within a minute. This custom is a disgrace for the society. The guardians should teach our Youngsters to treat everyone equally and not to be partial towards any particular category.

The most annoying part is that the Magazines And Advertisement literally slaps us with n number of Skin- lightening and brightening Products. Fairness creams or foundations won’t ever do any good to your skin, this won’t even help in lightening your original color. It is useless to put so much of harmful chemicals directly on your face. You can be beautiful and glowing without being light and that is the actual fact. Even the home remedies promoted by the actresses are just not worthy as it won’t make your skin 10 times lighter in a week. You just don’t have to apply those whitening products for “whitening” your skin, you can do without wasting so much money on those or undergoing treatments. These kind of advertisements lays a huge impact in the lives of teenagers or children as they get influenced and brainwashed easily by the concept of “fair is pretty”. Racism is a social problem which needs to be cured real soon. India won’t develop as a country if it fails to look into this crucial matter. Lastly, the most hypocrite outlook of people reflects into worshipping Goddess Kali while making fun of a girl with dark skin, this is just strange and way too disheartening.

YOGA

One of the most crude approaches to save the body sound, generous and salubrious is yoga. The articulation “Yoga” has consistently involved a particular locus in antiquated length and even in the blessing situation. It’s far estimated to be one of the greatest revived strategies to keep up the casing invigorated and keep up immaculateness in the spirit. These days the entire world commends “World Yoga Day” on 21st June 2018. With the expanding fever of “Yoga” one of the most extreme respected famous persona “Dr. Subhash Chandra” thought of starting a “YO1 extravagance Nature cure”.

Dr. Subhash Chandra

Dr. Subhash Chandra one of the pioneer character in making the world a higher area to remain on. The New York nation meeting has respected him for this awesome advance toward humanity at the propitious “Yoga Day 21st June 2018”. YO1 rich Nature Care is one of the fantasy tasks of Dr. Subhash Chandra.

YO1 Luxury Nature Cure

The strict implication of YO1 is “Youvan” that signifies “adolescents” in traditional Sanskrit language. One of the most noteworthy strides toward wellness issues, improve versatility, increment solidness, advance weight decrease, and pass on back the energy. Alongside the above creativity, this association will get different achievements including work, healthy condition, etc. It is spread over a position of 1400 section of land all through which health revolve is around 200 section of land. It’s far foreseen to give a work to 1500 individuals.

World record in “yoga” at a glance

Two world records have been accomplished just before the First International Yoga Day. The greatest number of individuals 35,985 people had partaken in biggest yoga exhibition at a solitary setting for example Rajpath yoga occasion. The most scopes of nationalities at a solitary occasion , people of 84 nationalities achieved yoga at one area. The honors were acquired by Union AYUSH Ministry. Minister Shripad Yesso Naik from delegates of Guinness world statistics.

Credit Where It Is Due

Who invented the telephone? Alexander Graham Bell. Who invented the computer? Charles Babbage. Who invented the automobile? Karl Benz. Who invented the airplane? The Wright Brothers. We all were taught in school about the great inventors and scientists who created history by creating something extraordinary, but as history has appreciated some of the remarkable people it has not been so kind to the women inventors and there were times when the credit of something remarkable was passed on to a man, stealing away not only the credit but also a chance to be recognized and be remembered always. Let us take a look at such incredible women who’s inventions were credited to their male counterparts.

Rosalind Franklin- In 1958, James D. Watson and Francis H.C Crick received a Nobel prize for their groundbreaking discovery o the double Helix, which changed our point of view of the human DNA, but little do we know that it was Rosalind Franklin who actually discovered the double Helix but died 4 years prior of cancer with no recognition whatsoever.

Lise Meitner- In 1944, Otto Hann won a prize in Chemistry from the Royal Swedish Academy for his discovery of nuclear fission. This discovery would later contribute to the making of the atomic bombs. The woman that he worked in this dangerous research was Lise Meitner, who never received credit for her work.

Hedy Lamarr- Hedy Lamarr was an American-Australian actress and a fashion icon, but she was also the brilliant mind who took part in the invention of the radio guidance system- the system that enables the WiFi and Bluetooth that we use every day. What’s tragic is that while she was presenting her invention to the Navy with her partner, George Antheil, the Navy just pretended to not be interested in it and then stole it later on. Unfortunately, she received her due to recognition in her 80s.

Margaret Knight- In 1868, a woman who was working at a paper bag factory, invented the machine that sealed and folded the paper bag on its own, saving millions of dollars in the workplace. It may sound nothing but back in 1868, it was a revolutionary idea. But there was a machinist who asked to see her machine and he went and tried to patent it in his name behind her back. Fortunately, she fought him and because there were several eyewitnesses, she managed to win the case and received her credit.

White collar crime

The White collar crime as a unique form of illegal behavior which is recieved by the great deal of attention since sutherland introduced at the concept in his 1939 president to the american socio- economics status in the ciurce of occupation activity has been the focused upon in serve the ways. For instance, number of reserch studies of the white crime has the initiated by the legal character of the violation questioned of soci logical relevence of that the concept have been doubted their are indicated

Critiques and summaries has the written and the most of criminology textbooks considerable are devoted to a discussion of the white collar crime 7.

Then because of the validity of their white collar crime as a form of crime has been subject of serve controversy, the questions of the conceptual has largely been ignored . Today as addition to be the lack of conceptual clarity a satisfactory explanation of the diverse behaviors subsumed under the concept of the does not exits. These difficulties are to be expected are the search for causative are to be the white collar crime has been hampered by the number of problems which is the impended the study of other form of crime. Two principle problems have been their are the units –

unit of the analysis.
Level of explanation. A discussion of these problems as they are apply particularly to be the study of white collar crime will aids to be clarity the concept of white collar crime and will provide suggestion for reorientation.in the theory.

It is the apparent then that such effort to distinguish catagories of the white collar crime, or to resitrict the definition of white collar crime itself must be the undertaken in order to give the concept of any scientific in order to give various principle of classification should be considered. Possible classification could be the kind of occupation and the employment, The position of the occupation in the occupation structure, the occupational role or roles of the offender, The institutional nature of the occupation or organization.Also classifications could based on the relation of the offence to societal values.

An additional consideration is the possibility of a multi-dimensional classification.-
However, before white collar typologies can be developed, a more pressing problem must be faced
and that is that the concept of white collar crime today rather indiscriminately covers a diverse,
wide, and oftentimes uncertain and inconsistent range of behaviors. The result is that we are not
entirely certain what behaviors constitute white collar crime. This is due in part to Sutherland’s
definition and to his own subsequent use. of the concept of the 3-
1. The research and writing of others on the subject have done little to clarify the concept. remain uncertain as to

2. the importance of the social status of the offender,the exact meaning
of occupational activity.

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Ways of Stopping Corruption

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FUTURE OF ONLINE EDUCATION

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