Hey yah!!!!! People how are you all …I hope all are doing great.
So people today I am here with an amazing lesson of life about how to build trust and lead life
Once upon a time, A successful business man presented his son with a set of three small dolls as he above to handle the reins of his successful company to the young man. Confused, the son asked his father, “Am I a girl that you are giving me this dolls to play with?” Calmly, the father replied, “This is the gift for a future business genius. Have a look at the dolls son, said the father. You’ll see a hole in each ear of each of the three dolls. Then the business man gave a string and asked him to pass it through the ear holes of each of the dolls .
Intrigued the young man picked up the first doll and put the string into the ear, it came out from the other ear. “This is one type of person,” said the father.
TYPE 1: Whatever is heard through ones ear comes out of the other. He cannot retain any thing.
When the man put the string into the ear hole of the second doll, it came out from the mouth. “And this is the second type of person,” said the businessman.
TYPE 2: Whatever is heard through the ears comes out of the mouth.
As the son picked up the third doll and repeated the process, the string just didn’t come out, “This is the third type of person,” said the father.
TYPE 3: Whatever is heard through the ears is locked up and never comes out. Amused the son asked his father, “Which one of the three is the best, dad?” As an answer to that question, the businessman handed him the fourth doll, When the young man put string into the ear hole of the doll, it came out from the other ear, Do it again, said the father.
This time, the string came out of the mouth. When he put the string in the third time, it did not come out at all. “This is the person you must look for as your confident,” said the business man.
“To be trust worthy a man should know when not to listen, letting the information pass from one ear and out of the other.”
“He should always know when to speak up and when to remain silent and should also never share what’s gone in.”
Ladies and gentlemen, whether in our personal or professional dealings, if we can practice these three principles and also find those who do, “the level of trust goes up and interpersonal dealings, can be enhanced.”
A sheer lipstick is a good choice if your lips are dry for some reason .sheer can moisturize your lips but also provide a lot of gloss and shine.
Satin lipstick
Satin lipstick is great for moisture and a high gloss look.One of the essential things to remember about satin lipstick is that it has a high oil content.
cream lipstick
The cream lipstick is a bit different than the first two options on our list.The cream is a much more subtle, low gloss look.Cream lipstick is not shiny, but it will look very nice and smooth as a covering on the lips.
Gloss lipstick
Gloss lipstick is going to stand out a bit more than a cream lipstick.When you add shine to your lips, you will make them look bigger than they are.For women who have very small lips, gloss lipstick can be a great fit.Some people will use cream lipstick and then put a gloss lipstick on top.
lipsticks stain
A lipstick stain can sound a bit scary to be putting on your face, but they are not.Another name for these could be lipstick paint.The lipstick stains are all about color, but they are not about shine or gloss.
pearl lipstick
pearl lipstick is designed to reflect light.Where the lipstick stain focuses on color, the pearl lipstick will be more about shine and light.Many of the pearl lipsticks will also sparkle.
Matte finish lipstick
Sometimes when you are looking for a modern look, you will want a matte finish lipstick.The matte is exactly like the name sounds, not shiny or glossy at all.You will have a very flat look with a matte lipstick, but they come in a variety of colors.Matte lipsticks give a very bold look even though they don’t shine.
Today I gonna share a lovely story, which I read recently. And I do want you all to read this, for sure you gonna love this. This story is about 87yrs old lady.
The first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t already know.
I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady beaming up at me with a smile that lit up her entire being.
She said, “Hi handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug?”
I laughed and enthusiastically responded, “Of course you may!” and she gave me a giant squeeze.
“Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age?” I asked.
She jokingly replied, “I’m here to meet a rich husband, get married, and have a couple of kids…”
“No seriously,” I asked. I was curious what may have motivated her to be taking on this challenge at her age.
“I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!” she told me.
After class we walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate milkshake. We became instant friends. Every day for the next three months, we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always mesmerized listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.
Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she reveled in the attention bestowed upon her from the other students. She was living it up.
At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet. I’ll never forget what she taught us. She was introduced and stepped up to the podium.
As she began to deliver her prepared speech, she dropped her three by five cards on the floor. Frustrated and a little embarrassed she leaned into the microphone and simply said, “I’m sorry I’m so jittery. I gave up beer for Lent and this whiskey is killing me! I’ll never get my speech back in order so let me just tell you what I know.”
As we laughed she cleared her throat and began, “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor every day.
You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. We have so many people walking around who are dead and don’t even know it! There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up.
If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one productive thing, you will turn twenty years old.
If I am eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year and never do anything I will turn eighty-eight.
Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunity in change. Have no regrets.
The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.”
She concluded her speech by courageously singing “The Rose.”
She challenged each of us to study the lyrics and live them out in our daily lives.
At the year’s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.
Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in tribute to the wonderful woman who taught by example that it’s never too late to be all you can possibly be .When you finish reading this, please send this peaceful word of advice to your friends and family, they’ll really enjoy it!
These words have been passed along in loving memory of ROSE.
REMEMBER, GROWING OLDER IS MANDATORY. GROWING UP IS OPTIONAL.
We make a Living by what we get, We make a Life by what we give..
When I read this story, I came to my sense and questioned myself. Am I really growing up? Or Just growing older? And I found my answer.
Now,it’s your turn to find out..
Best of luck!!!
And do share this to your lovely friends and family and help them to grow up.
Remember Something, or felt something? Or the memories of primary days of Hindi classes? If yes, then let me tell you the story of this Indian Poetess who wasn’t just dedicated to her literature and poems but also she was the first Satyagrahi to get an order of court arrest during our fight for freedom.
She wrote many poems which moved millions of hearts from its feeling of patriotism that she was able to awake in people through her writings.
The poetess wrote this down by remembering the sacrifices and courage of yet another freedom fighter but today it feels like she was defining herself too through the blend of different words under the impression of bravery and courage of Jhansi Ki Rani.
Shubharda Kumari Chauhan
Today on the 16th of Aug, this day is celebrated as the 117th birth anniversary of Indian Poetess Mrs. Shubhadra Kumari Chauhan Ji.
She was a writer with a promising future and great importance even in the era wherein India there was male dominance in every field out there.
She was born in Nihalpur village in Allahabad (Prayagraj) and she started her first fight against Britishers at the age of 9 by writing a poem full of patriotism and inspiration to come forward and fight along with every Indian out there to restore India’s Independency.
To overcome every boundary
Being a dedicated wife and all above being a woman didn’t ever hinder the path of her tremendous willpower to always fight for her Country alongside everyone.
She took part in many marches alongside Gandhi Ji and even discarded every point of view that can differentiate people based on caste, creed, etc.
Even though she was sent to Jail she continued her participation in the activity of freedom and contributed her part nevertheless.
The Calls
She was always enthusiastic and eager to help others and motivate them to help for the Country’s cause. She called for people’s unity and help through her poem and as result, the poem of this poetess now is of great Importance in Hindi literature.
She even took an active part in National Indian Movement resulting in inspiring many more women especially when she overcome the society norms, hardships and contributed her part as an independent individual.
She published many poems and short stories around 100 in number during her awakening of patriotism in countrymen and made many revolutionary statements too.
She lives
After one year of our independent India our poetess, our warrior, and yet another one of our gems gone away too soon.
Once she was returning from an event in Nagpur the poetess met with a car accident resulting in the passing away of our first-ever woman Satyagrahi.
Even though her body passed away and her soul reached the height of salvation yet she lives through her writing, she is living through every young mind who all are getting inspired by her writing even at this modernized age of thoughts.
I am going to share my pets experience. It gives me immense happiness while with them.It’s a feeling can’t be expressed through words. Words won’t be enough to describe my feelings towards my dogs .It’s unique relationship between dog and dogs luvers. Only dog’s luvers can feel it. The dog luvers have their own world. I see it as a soul. I had lots conversation with my dogs . It never let me down in any situation . Dogs luvers have a unique conversation and relationship with dogs. I feel extreme level of happiness . A blissful day . Traveling with my dogs is one kind of delight . Travelling with loved one is a bliss . Travelling alone with my dogs is euphoria. It was with me even at the sad time . I shared a lot . I want to travel a lot with my dogs. A best partner ever I had . My secret keeper, crime partner and my closest soul forever
Unexpected as it was, the US decision to completely pull out its troops from Afghanistan may not have been as surprising as the speed at which the Afghan armed forces that it created and trained have capitulated to the Taliban in one major city after another. More numerous and better equipped than the Taliban on paper, the Afghan national army is seen as suffering from grave systemic issues that have hollowed out its fighting capabilities.
WHAT IS THE STRENGTH OF THE AFGHAN ARMY, AND THE TALIBAN?
The latest Quarterly Report of the US Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) dated July 30 says that there are more than 300,000 personnel who make up the Afghan National Security and Defence Forces (ANDSF), which includes the entire gamut of all armed and law and order staff on the Kabul government’s payroll.
However, the US Combating Terrorism Centre at West Point, a military training academy, said in January this year that a 2014 study had found that while combat forces made up around 60 per cent of the Afghan forces, “the number of soldiers showing up for duty each day is even lower”. It said that the Afghan army can count on an “estimated on-hand army fighting force of about 96,000 soldiers” and, including police forces, “the ANDSF are likely fielding a fighting force in the vicinity of 180,000 combat personnel each day”.
But SIGAR highlighted another problem: “ghost soldiers”. Pointing to the “corrosive effects of corruption within the ANDSF”, it cited the “existence of ghost soldiers and police”, which are nothing but “fake personnel records that corrupt actors used to pocket salaries”. Though it said that biometric systems have been introduced to weed out the non-existent soldiers, what it means is that there may be a big mismatch between the muster roll of soldiers and actual boots on the ground.
The Taliban, on the other hand, may have an estimated “60,000 core fighters, give or take 10-20 per cent”, the West Point report said, adding that a 2017 study had, however, “concluded that the group’s total manpower exceeds 200,000 individuals, which includes… another 90,000 members of local militias, and tens of thousands of facilitators and support elements”.
The Taliban are seen as being a “less technically sophisticated fighting force than the Afghan government — lacking an air force, heavy artillery, a fleet of armoured vehicles”. But its strength may lie in the fact that it is a leaner force than the ANDSF, which has relied majorly on foreign funding for military infrastructure and hardware.
Increasingly, bits of US military equipment are falling into Taliban hands. The SIGAR report says that where Afghan soldiers have fled Taliban attacks, they have often abandoned “their US-supplied equipment, which the Taliban then displayed on social media as propaganda to tout its victories”, including, recently, a US army a knocked out US army helicopter.
HOW DID TALIBAN SEIZE THE MOMENTUM?
Along with the “questionable accuracy of data on the actual strength of the force”, the SIGAR report also expresses concern over the lack of any means to gauge “the influence on combat readiness of intangible factors such as the will to fight”. Morale has been one key element where the Taliban is seen as being able to score decisively over the Afghan forces, especially as they go from strength to strength in overrunning the country.
While Afghan forces were seen as offering resistance in some districts, the SIGAR report said that “in others they surrendered or fled in disorder”, noting how in some cases, “local elders reportedly mediated truces that allowed the ANDSF defenders to leave”. The West Point report points to the Taliban’s “ability to recruit and deploy new fighters in recent years” which also underlines its “ability to withstand significant casualties — estimated to be in the range of thousands per year”.
For all the talk of theirs being a better funded and equipped fighting force, reports suggest that the Afghan forces actually may be suffering from a lack of cohesion and organisational support. A New York Times report said that Afghan forces have complained of an absence of logistical backing and even of food as they face an increasingly crippling onslaught from the Taliban.
Now days online shopping is very useful to us . Easy to buy a product at low cost . online shopping is purpose of online shopping is to save time, save money. Through online shopping one can save his valuable time. One can watch and select things he wants to buy. Through online shopping we can save our money because prices are less than market prices and we receive our bought things at our home. There are many online shopping websites like Amazon, Flipkart, meesho, Myntra, etc. An online shopping aims at making shopping comfortable and enjoyable process.
With the onset of monsoon, like every year, spread of vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue is on rise. Currently there is a rise increasing cases of dengue and malaria. Monsoon can cause a surge in dengue cases due to the increase in mosquito breeding surroundings. The monsoon season is here and so being the risk of mosquito-borne diseases. While talking about mosquito-borne diseases
Dengue:
Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an “Aedes” mosquito infected with a dengue virus. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. It can’t be spread directly from one person to another person.
Symptoms of Dengue Fever:
Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include
Sudden, high fever.
Pain behind the eyes.
Severe joint and muscle pain.
Fatigue.
Nausea.
Vomiting.
Skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever.
Severe dengue:
A patient enters what is called the critical phase normally about 3-7 days after illness onset. It is at this time, when the fever is dropping (below 38°C/100°F) in the patient, that warning signs associated with severe dengue can manifest. Severe dengue is a potentially fatal complication, due to plasma leaking, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, or organ impairment.
Warning signs that doctors should look for include:
severe abdominal pain.
persistent vomiting.
rapid breathing.
bleeding gums.
fatigue.
blood in vomit.
restlessness.
If patients manifest these symptoms during the critical phase, close observation for the next 24–48 hours is essential so that proper medical care can be provided, to avoid complications and risk of death.
If you think you have dengue:
Seek a healthcare provider if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue.
Rest: Take restas much as possible.
Take the medicines: paracetamol is usedto control fever and relieve pain. Do not take aspirin or ibuprofen
Drink plenty of fluids: To stay hydrated. Drink water or drinks with added electrolytes.
Treatment:
There is no specific treatment for dengue fever.
Fever reducers and pain killers can be taken to control the symptoms of muscle aches and pains, and fever.
The best options to treat these symptoms are acetaminophen or paracetamol.
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin should be avoided. These anti-inflammatory drugs act by thinning the blood, and in a disease with risk of hemorrhage, blood thinners may exacerbate the prognosis.
Precautions and Control:
The proximity of mosquito vector breeding sites to human habitation is a significant risk factor for dengue as well as for other diseases that Aedes mosquito transmit.
Covering, emptying and cleaning of domestic water storage containers on a weekly basis.
Applying appropriate insecticides to water storage outdoor containers.
Wearing clothing that minimizes skin exposure to mosquitoes.
Using of personal household protection measures, such as window screens, repellents, insecticide treated materials, coils and vaporizers.
Drink boiled water.
Consume fresh homemade food.
Make sure your home is well-ventilated.
Wash hands before eating any food.
Avoid touching your nose and mouth without washing your hands.
Avoid going to crowded places to reduce risk of viral infections.
Disposing of solid waste properly and removing artificial man-made habitats that can hold water.
Allow the sick child or family member to rest and sleep under a bed net or use insect repellant while feverish.
Eat well: Consuming a healthy and balanced diet rich in essential nutrients can help boost immunity.
Educate yourself: Make yourself aware of the disease, its symptoms, and treatment to ensure reaching out for the appropriate treatment at the right time. Progression of the disease can be fatal.
An exception occurs when the PL/SQL engine encounters an instruction which it cannot execute due to an error that occurs at run-time. These errors will not be captured at the time of compilation and hence these needed to handle only at the run-time.
For example, if PL/SQL engine receives an instruction to divide any number by ‘0’, then the PL/SQL engine will throw it as an exception. The exception is only raised at the run-time by the PL/SQL engine.
Exceptions will stop the program from executing further, so to avoid such condition, they need to be captured and handled separately. This process is called as Exception-Handling, in which the programmer handles the exception that can occur at the run time.
In this tutorial, you will learn the following topics-
Exceptions are handled at the block, level, i.e., once if any exception occurs in any block then the control will come out of execution part of that block. The exception will then be handled at the exception handling part of that block. After handling the exception, it is not possible to resend control back to the execution section of that block.
The below syntax explains how to catch and handle the exception.
BEGIN
<execution block>
.
.
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exceptionl_name>
THEN
<Exception handling code for the “exception 1 _name’' >
WHEN OTHERS
THEN
<Default exception handling code for all exceptions >
END;
Syntax Explanation:
In the above syntax, the exception-handling block contains series of WHEN condition to handle the exception.
Each WHEN condition is followed by the exception name which is expected to be raised at the run time.
When any exception is raised at runtime, then the PL/SQL engine will look in the exception handling part for that particular exception. It will start from the first ‘WHEN’ clause and, sequentially it will search.
If it found the exception handling for the exception which has been raised, then it will execute that particular handling code part.
If none of the ‘WHEN’ clause is present for the exception which has been raised, then PL/SQL engine will execute the ‘WHEN OTHERS’ part (if present). This is common for all the exception.
After executing the exception, part control will go out of the current block.
Only one exception part can be executed for a block at run-time. After executing it, the controller will skip the remaining exception handling part and will go out of the current block.
Note: WHEN OTHERS should always be at the last position of the sequence. The exception handling part present after WHEN OTHERS will never get executed as the control will exit from the block after executing the WHEN OTHERS.
Types of Exception
There are two types of Exceptions in Pl/SQL.
Predefined Exceptions
User-defined Exception
Predefined Exceptions
Oracle has predefined some common exception. These exceptions have a unique exception name and error number. These exceptions are already defined in the ‘STANDARD’ package in Oracle. In code, we can directly use these predefined exception name to handle them.
Below are the few predefined exceptions
Exception
Error Code
Exception Reason
ACCESS_INTO_NULL
ORA-06530
Assign a value to the attributes of uninitialized objects
CASE_NOT_FOUND
ORA-06592
None of the ‘WHEN’ clause in CASE statement satisfied and no ‘ELSE’ clause is specified
COLLECTION_IS_NULL
ORA-06531
Using collection methods (except EXISTS) or accessing collection attributes on a uninitialized collections
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
ORA-06511
Trying to open a cursor which is already opened
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
ORA-00001
Storing a duplicate value in a database column that is a constrained by unique index
INVALID_CURSOR
ORA-01001
Illegal cursor operations like closing an unopened cursor
INVALID_NUMBER
ORA-01722
Conversion of character to a number failed due to invalid number character
NO_DATA_FOUND
ORA-01403
When ‘SELECT’ statement that contains INTO clause fetches no rows.
ROW_MISMATCH
ORA-06504
When cursor variable data type is incompatible with the actual cursor return type
SUBSCRIPT_BEYOND_COUNT
ORA-06533
Referring collection by an index number that is larger than the collection size
SUBSCRIPT_OUTSIDE_LIMIT
ORA-06532
Referring collection by an index number that is outside the legal range (eg: -1)
TOO_MANY_ROWS
ORA-01422
When a ‘SELECT’ statement with INTO clause returns more than one row
VALUE_ERROR
ORA-06502
Arithmetic or size constraint error (eg: assigning a value to a variable that is larger than the variable size)
ZERO_DIVIDE
ORA-01476
Dividing a number by ‘0’
User-defined Exception
In Oracle, other than the above-predefined exceptions, the programmer can create their own exception and handle them. They can be created at a subprogram level in the declaration part. These exceptions are visible only in that subprogram. The exception that is defined in the package specification is public exception, and it is visible wherever the package is accessible. <
Syntax: At subprogram level
DECLARE
<exception_name> EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
<Execution block>
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exception_name> THEN
<Handler>
END;
In the above syntax, the variable ‘exception_name’ is defined as ‘EXCEPTION’ type.
This can be used as in a similar way as a predefined exception.
Syntax:At Package Specification level
CREATE PACKAGE <package_name>
IS
<exception_name> EXCEPTION;
.
.
END <package_name>;
In the above syntax, the variable ‘exception_name’ is defined as ‘EXCEPTION’ type in the package specification of <package_name>.
This can be used in the database wherever package ‘package_name’ can be called.
PL/SQL Raise Exception
All the predefined exceptions are raised implicitly whenever the error occurs. But the user-defined exceptions needs to be raised explicitly. This can be achieved using the keyword ‘RAISE’. This can be used in any of the ways mentioned below.
If ‘RAISE’ is used separately in the program, then it will propagate the already raised exception to the parent block. Only in exception block can be used as shown below.
CREATE [ PROCEDURE | FUNCTION ]
AS
BEGIN
<Execution block>
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exception_name> THEN
<Handler>
RAISE;
END;
Syntax Explanation:
In the above syntax, the keyword RAISE is used in the exception handling block.
Whenever program encounters exception “exception_name”, the exception is handled and will be completed normally
But the keyword ‘RAISE’ in the exception handling part will propagate this particular exception to the parent program.
Note: While raising the exception to the parent block the exception that is getting raised should also be visible at parent block, else oracle will throw an error.
We can use keyword ‘RAISE’ followed by the exception name to raise that particular user-defined/predefined exception. This can be used in both execution part and in exception handling part to raise the exception.
CREATE [ PROCEDURE | FUNCTION ]
AS
BEGIN
<Execution block>
RAISE <exception_name>
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exception_name> THEN
<Handler>
END;
Syntax Explanation:
In the above syntax, the keyword RAISE is used in the execution part followed by exception “exception_name”.
This will raise this particular exception at the time of execution, and this needs to be handled or raised further.
Example 1: In this example, we are going to see
How to declare the exception
How to raise the declared exception and
How to propagate it to the main block
DECLARE
Sample_exception EXCEPTION;
PROCEDURE nested_block
IS
BEGIN
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Inside nested block’);
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Raising sample_exception from nested block’);
RAISE sample_exception;
EXCEPTION
WHEN sample_exception THEN
Dbms_output.put_line (‘Exception captured in nested block. Raising to main block’);
RAISE,
END;
BEGIN
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Inside main block’);
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Calling nested block’);
Nested_block;
EXCEPTION
WHEN sample_exception THEN
Dbms_output.put_line (‘Exception captured in main block');
END:
/
“Dreams are as simple or as complicated as dreamers.” The interpretations of the dreams are the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind. The theories state that dreams don’t mean anything. These are just images put in by the brain from the memories. These are the stimulants that help one face the tragedies of life. As it’s truly said, “an individual suffers more in imagination than in reality” proves in this situation. Before facing it in person if a being conquers it in the dreams, then it will encourage him to win easily in real life. Its history goes back to the early stages when it was used as a tool to fool enemies because though our bodies get paralyzed while dreaming minds stay active. There is a whole psychology behind the dream theory and an explanation of why we dream in the way we do?
You dream, what you believe!!
Interesting Facts
“I always dream about falling from great heights.” It symbolizes that something in your life isn’t well. It might mean you need to rethink a choice or consider a new direction in some areas of life. It characterizes fear in existence, perhaps falling in work or love. It often expresses a need to let go and enjoy more.
“I was attacked by a chaser in my dream.” These types can be quite terrifying. It might indicate a desire to escape from your fears. Running away from an animal often depicts that you are hiding from your anger, passions and other feelings. If your pursuer is mysterious, it represents childhood trauma. And if a person is of opposite sex then it reveals that you are haunted by love or past relationships.
“I died, no not in real….in my sleep.” Death is a very common subject of dreams. People imagine death either of loved ones or about themselves. It reflects anxiety about a change. Just like death, change can be scary. Those approaching the end of life and loved ones around them experience significant and meaningful dreams, often relating to a confronting presence, preparing to go, watching or engaging with the deceased, loved ones waiting, distressing experiences, and unfinished business.
“I flew like a bird while dreaming.” It can be liberating at the same time, quite frightening. It can represent two sides. One, independence and freedom. On the other hand, escape from the realities of life.
There are a lot of things that influence dreams. The first thing includes health conditions that affect the secretions of the brain causing sleep to disrupt. The type of food one intakes can also become the factor for the feeling of sickness and in turn affect the types of dreams one visualize. Daily exercises and a little change in daily activities can help improve sleep and at last the dreams. There are two ways to remember dreams; one by telling yourself that you want to remember them when you wake up and the other by grasping as many images as you can before getting out of bed or using a smartphone.
Dreams are more profound when they seem the craziest. “Life is only a dream and we are the imagination of ourselves.”
Besides being a software engineer, Marianne Bellotti is also a kind of technological anthropologist. Back in 2016 at the Systems We Love conference, Bellotti began her talk by saying she appreciated the systems most engineers hate —”messy, archaic, duct-tape-and-chewing-gum.” Then she added, “Fortunately, I work for the federal government.”
At the time, Bellotti was working for the U.S. Digital Service, where talented technology workers are matched to federal systems in need of some consultation. (While there, she’d encountered a web application drawing its JSON-formatted data from a half-century-old IBM 7074 mainframe.)
The rich experiences led her to write a book with the irresistible title “Kill It with Fire: Manage Aging Computer Systems (and Future Proof Modern Ones).” Its official web page at Random House promises it offers “a far more forgiving modernization framework” with “illuminating case studies and jaw-dropping anecdotes from her work in the field,” including “Critical considerations every organization should weigh before moving data to the cloud.”
Bellotti is now working on products for defense and national security agencies as the principal engineer for system safety at Rebellion Defense (handling identity and access control).
But her latest project is a podcast chronicling what she’s learned while trying to write her own programming language.
“Marianne Writes a Programming Language” captures a kind of expedition of the mind, showing how the hunger to know can keep leading a software engineer down ever-more-fascinating rabbit holes. But it’s also an inspiring example of the do-it-yourself spirit, and a fresh new perspective on the parsers, lexers and evaluators that make our code run.
In short, it’s a deeply informative deconstruction of where a programmer’s tools really come from.
Going Deep
In one blog post, Bellotti invited listeners to “start this strange journey with me through parsers, grammars, data structures and the like.”
And it is a journey, filled with hope and ambition — and a lot of unexpected twists and turns. “Along the way, I’ll interview researchers and engineers who are active in this space and go deep on areas of programming not typically discussed,” the podcast host promised. “All in all, I’m hoping to start a conversation around program language design that’s less intimidating and more accessible to beginners.”
But the “Marianne Writes a Programming Language” podcast also comes with a healthy dose of self-deprecation. “Let’s get one question out of the way,” her first episode began. “Does the world really need another programming language? Probably not, no.” But she described it as a passion project, driven by good old-fashioned curiosity. “I have always wanted to write a programming language. I figured I would learn so much from the challenge.”
“In an industry filled with opinions, where people will fight to the death over tabs -vs.- spaces, there isn’t much guidance for would-be program language designers.”
—Marianne Bellotti, software engineer and podcast host
Fifteen years into a sparkling technology career, “I feel like there are all these weird holes in my knowledge,” Bellotti told her audience. And even with the things she does know — like bytecode and logic gates — “I don’t have a clear sense of how all those things work together.”
In the podcast’s third episode, Bellotti pointed out that, “for me at least, the hardest part of learning something is figuring out how to learn it in the first place.” She discovered a surprising lack of best-practices documents, she wrote in an essay in Medium. “In an industry filled with opinions, where people will fight to the death over tabs -vs.- spaces, there isn’t much guidance for would-be program language designers.”
Still, her podcast’s first episode showed the arrival of those first glimmers of insight. “Even knowing very little upfront, I had a sense that in order for a programming language to work, there had to be some sense of cohesion in its design.”
Where to Begin?
Her Medium post cited a 2012 article titled “Programming Paradigms for Dummies: What Every Programmer Should Know,” which offers a taxonomy of language types based on how exactly they’re providing their abstractions. That article apparently got her thinking about how exactly a programming language helps communicate the connections that exist between its various data structures — which led to more insights. (In a later podcast, Bellotti even says “technology suggests to its user how it should be used.”)
“Eventually I came to my own conclusions,” she wrote in her Medium article. To be successful at creating her own language, she realized that she needed to think of programming paradigms like object-oriented or functional programming “as logical groupings of abstractions and be as intentional about what is included and what isn’t.”
Bellotti is also trying to design a language that will work for her specific needs: to know how likely certain types of problems are in a given system, to achieve model resilience. But on her first podcast episode, Bellotti acknowledged that she still had to begin by typing, “How do you design a programming language” into Google —and was surprised by how little came up. (Although she did discover “there’s a whole world of obscure experimental languages that appear in research papers, rack up a host of citations, and never touch an actual computer other than their inventor’s.”)
“I feel like I’ve been struggling to hang pictures around my home and one day someone knocks on my door and introduces me to the hammer,”
—Marianne Bellotti, software engineer and podcast host
That book’s author, Thorsten Ball, became her podcast’s first guest, explaining that his language was not so much designed as experimented into existence. (Later, other people suggested something similar — that Bellotti “pick something you like in another language and copy the implementation to start, because figuring out all the edge cases from scratch is really hard.”)
In that first podcast episode, Bellotti explained her concern that “tiny little design decisions I don’t even realize I’m making could have dramatic impacts… it does seem to be the case that programmers create languages without being able to fully anticipate exactly how they will be used or how technology will change around them.”
Things Get Complicated
There are moments where it all sounds so simple. (“What you’re doing when you write a programming language is actually writing a series of applications that take string input and translate it into something the machine can execute.”)
But things get complicated pretty quickly, and by episode three Bellotti started to see a pattern: “Confronting what feels like a tidal wave of information is becoming an all too familiar feeling on this project.” Yet, while considering a need for her language’s source code-interpreting parser, she realized that parsers can be auto-generated — as long as she can supply that tool with the necessary grammar rules.
“I feel like I’ve been struggling to hang pictures around my home and one day someone knocks on my door and introduces me to the hammer,” she told her podcast audience.
She ends up talking to a linguist who studied under Noam Chomsky, who refers her to another linguistics professor, who begins by discussing whether language can be learned through the brute-force assimilation of machine learning, and ends up explaining why Chomsky’s “context-free grammar” ultimately became the basis for programming languages and compilers.
But there are resources to discover. Along the way, Bellotti found a Reddit forum about programming language design. (“This subreddit is full of great stories and people will give detailed explanations and encouragement, which is rare on the internet these days.”) She’s also found a forum for people building Domain Specific Languages.
By December, she’d received a comment from a grateful listener who was also writing their own programming language, and was glad to find a relevant podcast. And Bellotti acknowledged in a response that her whole journey “has been so much fun so far.”
Progress is clearly being made. By episode 12, Bellotti considered how hard it would be to add modules to her language. (“From my vantage point, being able to split a system specification into smaller parts means you get to reuse those parts and build progressively more complex systems that are in easily digestible chunks.”) And there’s also already an empty repository on GitHub that’s waiting expectantly for the code to arrive.
Then, in mid-April Bellotti announced that episode 12 would be the last one “for a while. I’ve made some design decisions that I feel really good about, but it’s clear that the only way to validate them is to write code and try things out.”
She’s also spending some time researching how to optimize her compiler, “But really, I just need to just be heads-down, hands-on-a-keyboard for a while on this.”
And so, the podcast has entered a productive hiatus, leaving listeners with this tantalizing promise.
“I’ll be back in a couple of months to let you know how that went.”
Photo by Berendey_Ivanov / Andrey_Kobysnyn on Pexels.com
A pipe dream is something for which we are hopeful for but it seems fancy enough to be the reality of the present.
Does this indicate any incident which is happening right now but all we can do is hope for Pipe Dream to happen?
If you haven’t guessed yet but here I am talking about the Afghanistan crisis, the shift in the power of the country to the Taliban’s clutches.
The power shift, the race of afghans to save their lives everything happened just because a few people decided on their own that it’s time to let people die there, let people run for their lives just because that few people are strong and have power enough to do so or are there any reason behind the pullout?
But before diving into the conclusion, we all need to know some facts and reasons why they did that and even if they did can’t someone help them?
Many questions like this might be arising in many of our minds, So to answer a few and to find more this article is here.
The Story from the beginning
The army of the USA went to Afghanistan in 2001 to get even with the terrorist group involved in the 9/11 attack on Newyork and Washington under the supervision of leader Bin Laden.
Bin Laden was getting protection from the Taliban who were in power since 1996 and that was the point the USA needed to take things into their hand and hence with Nato allies a new government took place in 2004, but still, the Taliban was adamant with the attacks killing many in the process.
With this in 2014, the allies of Nato came to an end, handing over the responsibility to the Afghan army, allowing the Taliban for having more than half control over what was left.
And finally, in 2020 even America decided it’s time to save their troop and people from the Taliban and agreed on withdrawing in return for the safety of Americans and their allies from terrorist attacks in the future.
The turn of the Taliban
Was the Taliban always like this? And if they were always like this how did they had gained this power and why?
They emerged in the civil war of Afghanistan promising a decline in corruption and providing security to the people and just like that they started spreading and till 1998 they were all over the country and had almost complete control over people.
They started enforcing many rigid laws for men and women and even TV, music, and cinema all were banned.
And just like this, it was the rise of the fall of civil rights of people of Afghans.
The Catastrophe
The president of the US Mr. Joe Biden decided to plow away all the troops from the Afghans in the name of relocating their troops where they are needed most and where they can strengthen the USA army.
According to him, they were in Afghanistan to take revenge for the 9/11 attack and not to make any relation there and so now this will be the decision of the Afghans to decide what future they want for their own country and they will have to work for their self.
The catastrophe, the people of Afghans are being subject to is very near even though president Joe Biden believes that they have equipped and trained enough soldiers for this fight against the Taliban, the stats and predictions are predicting the fall of the Afghanistan army by the end of 6 months after the removal of army troops.
Crocodiles a huge creature indeed. And when this creature attacks then the scenerio is probably the deadliest. But these creatures have attacked not once or twice but uncountable times on humans. Here are 5 famous attacks of crocodiles, which will definitely give you goosebumps. They are known to kill 1000 people per year.
1) Gustave
Gustave a large male Nile crocodile from Burundi. He is regarded as man-eater and is rumoured to kill more than 300 people from the banks of the Ruzizi river and northern shores of Lake Tanganyika. He was greatly feared by the people. His age was approximately 65-66 years and he has a massive weight of 900kg.
2) Ricky Ganya- A teen who was eaten alive
In 2020, Ricky Ganya a teen who was just 14 years old, when this terrifying creature arrived, clawed and jumped on the boy and dragged him underwater. Boy’s aunt wittnessed the horrific incident and called for help. The emergency service help arrived but all in vain the deadly creature had fled with the boy.
They used chicken to lure the 14ft crocodile out of the water and then his stomach was checked where sadly the human remains of this missing teen was found.
3) Consumed whole
In June 2020, a woman named Fatimah, 45 was fishing in a river in north Kalimantan, Indonesia when she was attacked by the monsterous reptile. Her friends wittnessed the incident and heard the horrifying scream of Fatimah as the reptile dragged her underwater.
The next day this giant 19 foot long giant crocodile was caught by the angry residents. They cut opened the stomach of the giant croc and remove the limbs of the victim. Her head and other parts were later found nearby after been discarded by the massive croc.
4) Monster who fed upon 80 people
A 16ft, 75 years old beast named osama got his name after the notorious terrorist behind 9/11 attack. The reptile reign of terror took place from 1991-2005. This beast wiped out a tenth of the village’s population. According to reports,the beast would emerge from Lake Victoria, Africa’s largest lake to snatch kids and swim beneath fishing boats purposely to capture then. It bought a great terror among villagers.
Paul narrated that he and his brother was fishing. He was rowing the boat while his brother Peter was fishing from the front when osama arrived and snatched his brother. Peter was screaming from pain and for help he hold his brother and for five minutes they fought until Paul heard a tearing sound. Paul added that Peter shouted that he has broken his leg then he let go his brother and he was dragged by the monster into the water. A few days later Peter’s head and arms were found.
5) Dad’s attempt to save his son
On 3rd March 2021, Dimas mulkan a 8 year old boy was the victim of the massive 26ft crocodile.
The little boy was fishing with his father, when he strayed further from the shore where this massive croc suddenly jumped on him in Tempakul river, East Kalimantan. Seeing this massive monster dragging his son Dimas father, subliansyah sawn after the crocodile and punched him and tried to release it’s son but all in vain the deadly monster swallowed the little boy.
Next day on March 4 the crocodile was found and Dimas body was found inside the monsters stomach,lifeless.
In a patriarchal society like India, women have always been under the umbrella of the community. It’s barely seen in the families who support a girl’s dream and accept her to be a dancer.
The movie begins with the introduction of a foreign couple who came to India in the search of a surrogate. After long hours of work, they were finally able to find a girl with the help of the driver (a role played by Pankaj Tripathi) in a hotel. Mimi(the girl) was a dancer and getting influenced by its flexibility they decided to offer her 20 lakhs to be the surrogate. Being an ambitious 25-year old woman agrees to take the risk for the same of becoming a famous Bollywood actress. She decides to live at her friend’s house by convincing the parents saying, she is going to a film shoot. With the required procedure, Mimi becomes the surrogate, and for the first four months, she was having a good time with the pregnancy. However, after eight months tests revealed that the baby is suffering from some mental disorder. This news outraged the couple and they decided not to accept the baby after birth and told Mimi to abort. This became the turning point in her life. She sacrificed all her dreams by deciding to give birth to the child and raise him. Later, the couple returned to her after 2 years when they came to know that the baby was born healthy. Mimi refused to give the child back and in the end, they decided to adopt a girl.
Message
A girl is also born with a dream and her character is not decided with what she pursues but what she is.
The support of family is crucial in the darkest times. Mimi faced all the criticisms from society but her parents never let her alone and accepted her as she was.
Killing is not an option. It’s not the fault of a child to be born unhealthy.
One loyal friend is more important than a group of unloyal ones. The driver and the friend were with Mimi till the end, helping her go through all the difficulties with a smile.
Every coin has two sides. Even though the movie won the hearts of the audience, it faced several criticisms like not following the laws related to a sensitive topic of surrogacy, using the term casually, and disrespect towards the decision of abortions.
It played with the emotions well, yet failed to manipulate the thoughts.
A person who sets up a business or businesses,organises,manages and takes for granted on financial risks in the hope of profit is known as ‘entrepreneur’.
An entrepreneur is a rare person who can visualise and materialise water in the desert. His foresightedness, vision,motivation, persistent efforts the ability to presume the risks involved and their outcomes, and the thrust to achieve the desired goal, facilitate him to convert his ideas into reality. The water in the desert here refers to a scarce commodity, hence an entrepreneur visualises this need or the need arising in near future and grabs this opportunity or challenge, before others can think about it.
Definition
According to Richard Cantillon, “An entrepreneur is a person who buys factors services at certain prices with a view to selling its product at uncertain price”.
Characteristics of Entrepreneurs:
Determination to succeed
Independence
Risk-taking
Ability to control
Perseverance
Flexibility
Analytical ability of mind
Confronting uncertainty
Stress takers
Innovative and creative
Ability to mobilise resources
Leadership.
Functions of Entrepreneurs
Idea generation
Fund raising
Procurement of machinery
Determination of ownership
Determination of objectives
Procurement of raw materials
Market research
Recruitment of manpower.
In other words, an enterpreneur is one who discovers innovative ideas, advances them into products and services, and follows it’s feat persistently with untiring spirit. In this way, they taste the success and show the real meaning of the word ‘entrepreneur’. These entrepreneur having the initiating and action-taking ability, are responsible for the existence of different successful ventures. There is a misconception about entrepreneurs that they are opportunity-seekers and selfish people, but in reality they are highly driven people trying to find solutions to the “needs of the people”
The subject matter of economics has been divided into two parts Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. These terms were first coined and used by Ragnar Frisch and have now been adopted by the economists all over the world. Nowadays one can hardly come across a text book on modern economic analysis which does not divide its analysis into two parts, one dealing with microeconomics and the other with macroeconomics.
The term microeconomics is derived from the Greek word mikros meaning “small” and the term macroeconomics is derived from the Greek word makros meaning “largo.” Thus, microeconomies deals with the analysis of small individual units of the economy such as individual firms and small aggregates or groups of individual units such as various industries and markets.
On the other hand, macroeconomics concerns itself with the analysis of the economy as a whole and its large aggregates such as total national output and income, total employment, total consumption, aggregate investment. Thus, according to K E Boulding, “Microeconomics is the study of particular fums, particular households, individual prices, wages, Incomes, individual industries, particular commodities.”
About macroeconomics he remarles, “Macroeconomics deals not with individual quantities as such but with aggregates of these quantities, not with individual incomes but with the national Income; not with individual prices but with the price level; not with individual outputs but with the national output “.
MICROECONOMICS
As stated above, microeconomics studies the economic actions and behaviour of individual units and small groups of individual units. In microeconomic theory we discuss how the various cells of economic organism, that is, the various units of the economy such as thousands of consumers, thousands of producers or firms, thousands of workers and resource suppliers in the economy do their economic activities and reach their equilibrium states. In other words, in microeconomics we make a microscope study of the economy.
But it should be remembered that microeconomics does not study the economy in Its totality. Instead, in microeconomics we discuss equilibrium of innumerable units of the economy piecemeal and their interrelationship to each other.
” For instance, in microeconomic analysis we study the demand of an individual consumer for a good and from there go on to derive the market demand for the good (that is, demand of a group of individuals consuming a particular group).
Examples of Microeconomic variables: Demand of a commodity, Supply of a commodity, Income of a consumer, Price of the commodity etc.
Examples of Microeconomic theories/study: Law of demand, Law of supply, Determination of consumer equilibrium, Determination of producer equilibrium etc.
-> Importance of Micro Economics
I. Price Determination:
Micro economics helps in elucidation how the prices of diverse commodities are determined. It also explicates how the prices of various aspects of production such as rent for land, wages for labour, interest for capital and profits for entrepreneur are decided in the commodity and factor market.
II. Working of a Free Market Economy:
Free market economy is the economy where the economic pronouncements regarding production of goods such as ‘What to produce, How much to produce, How to produce etc.’ are taken by private individuals. These verdicts are based on the inclination of the consumer or demand for the product. Micro economics theory helps in grasping the working of the free market economy.
III. International Trade & Public Finance:
Micro economics helps to elucidate many international trade facets like impacts of tariff, determination of exchange rates, advantages from international trade etc. It is also beneficial in public finance to analyse both, the occurrences as well as effect of a specific tax.
IV. Utilization of Resources:
Micro economics helps in elucidating how the scarce resources can be effectually and efficiently utilized by the producers in order to achieve highest output.
V. Model Building:
Micro economics helps in grasping various complex economic situations with its modest models. It has made an imperative contribution to the science of economics by the development of numerous terms, concepts, terminologies, tools of economic evaluation etc.
VI. Helps in Taking Business Decisions:
Micro economic theories are beneficial to businessmen for taking decisive business decisions. These decisions comprise the cost of production, values, maximum output, consumer’s preferences, demand and supply of the product etc.
VII. Useful to Government:
Micro economics is that subdivision of economics which is related with the study of economic behaviour of individual economic units. It is beneficial in building economic policies such as taxation policy, public expenditure policy, price policy etc. These policies aid the government to reach its goal of efficient distribution of resources and promoting economic wellbeing of the society.
VIII. Basis of Welfare Economics:
Micro economics endorses economic and social welfare by making finest utilization of the resources, thereby evading wastage.
MACROECONOMICS
Macroeconomics is a Study of Aggregates. We now turn to explain the approach and content of macroeconomics. ‘As said above, word macro is derived from the Greek word ‘makros’ meaning large and therefore macroeconomics is concerned with the economic activity in the large.
Macroeconomic analyses the behaviour of the whole economic system in totality or entirety. In other words, macroeconomic studies the behaviour of the large aggregates such as total employment, the national product or income, the general price level of the economy. Therefore, macroeconomics is also known as aggregative economics. Macroeconomics analyses and establishes the functional relationship between these large aggregates. Thus Professor Boulding says, “Macroeconomics deals not with individual quantities as such but with the aggregates of these quantities; not with individual incomes but with the national income, not with individual prices but with the price level; not with individual output but with the national output.
“Macroeconomics, then, is that part of the subject which deals with large aggregates and averages of the system rather than with particular items in it and attempts to define these aggregates in a useful manner and to examine their relationships. ” Professor Gardner Ackley makes the distinction between the two types more clear and specific when he writes, macroeconomics concerns itself with such variables as the aggregate volume of output in an economy, with the extent to which its resources are employed, with the size of the national income, with the general price level”. Microeconomics, on the other hand, deals with the division of total output among industries, products and firms and the allocation of resources among competing uses. It considers problems of income distribution. Its interest is in relative prices of particular goods and services.
Examples of Macroeconomic variables : Aggregate supply, Aggregate demand, National income, Total output etc.
Examples of Macroeconomic studies/theories : Determination of equilibrium level of income, Determination of foreign exchange rate, Determination of govt. budget etc.
-> Importance of macroeconomics
Macroeconomics is a vibrant concept that studies the whole nation and works for the welfare of the economy. It is beneficial for the timing of economic variations to prevent or be prepared for any financial crisis or any long – term adverse situations. The system of fiscal and monetary policies rest on entirely on the examination of the widely held macroeconomic situations in the nation. Macroeconomics mainly purposes to help the Government and the financial bodies to fix economic stability in the country. This course of economics gives a broader viewpoint of social or national issues. The ones who want to provide to the welfare of society need to study macroeconomics. It guarantees or keeps a check over the appropriate functioning of the country’s economy and real position. The analysis of macroeconomics concepts and issues helps the economists to understand the causes and possible explanations of such macro-level problems. Dealing with numerous economic situations through the use of macro-economic data unlocks the door for development in the country.
A dotcom, or dot-com, is a company that conducts business primarily through a website. A dotcom company embraces the Internet as the key component in its business. The businesses are normally conducted through a website with the domain “.com” in the URL. Popular dotcom companies include Amazon.com, eBay.com, Priceline.com, coupons.com, and shuttelfly.com. The companies survived the burst of the dot-com bubble.
The Dotcom Bubble Burst
People started a dotcom or a website for almost everything, right from buying groceries from nearby grocers to buying pencils, but they did not figure out how much money they spent on making the website and buying space and designing it. They did not even access how much money they should make by selling their products to recover the cost because they had funds from others supporting them. Later, when the supporting people who funded their website started asking how they would recover money, the founders were clueless. So, the website was shut down. This happened all over the world. Then, the venture capitalists or the VCs (the people who fund other people to start a business) became careful about the money they were spending to avoid losses. This caused a lot of disappointment among people who wanted to start a venture. Hence, the dotcom bubble busted.
It was like bargaining for onions
Sabeer Bhatia – Hotmail founder
An eleven-year-old from Bangalore sold off his excess sandwiches, made by his mom to his friends; perhaps this was his first venture.
When he attended a lecture at Standford University, he learned about the history of founders like Steve Jobs or Scott McNealy. He thought to himself, “This is no big deal, I can do this.”
This is the story of none other than Indian – Sabeer Bhatia, the person who founded hotmail.com.
Working in Apple Computers, he hated it when others had access to his company email. He decided to form an email system that could be accessed only by the owner, and no matter where he was, he could check his inbox and receive emails for free.
He was rejected by 19 funding organizations. Finally, a company agreed because it felt introducing a free email service would revolutionize the Internet.
The day hotmail was launched; servers were flooded with people signing up. Thousands and thousands of people flocked to sign up every day.
By year-end, they were greeting their millionth customer. When Microsoft came knocking, 12 months later, they’d signed up nearly 10 million users. But what were 10 million subscribers worth?
Bhatia didn’t know how to sell a company. But he did know how to buy onions. “In India, you’ve got to negotiate for everything,” he says. “Even while buying vegetables, you’ve got to negotiate.” When the bargaining started, Bhatia felt right at home. “They came in low with $160 million, so I came in at $700 million! And when they said: that’s ridiculous! Are you out of your mind?” I knew it was just a ploy. Bhatia won’t budge and finally, they had to succumb.
Microsoft purchased hotmail.com for a whopping 400 million dollars.
There are plenty of options available to you if you wish to choose a career in a dotcom company. Here are a few of them :
Education is define as the ” Process of gaining knowledge. The process of training and developing the knowledge, skill, mind, character, etc by formal schooling, teaching, training.
True education means beyond earning degree it is more than bookish knowledge.
types of education:
Formal education: under that
school/ institution involved
Has hierarchical structure
Uniform full time and proper
Subject oriented
Certificate/degree
Informal education:
Practical adult learning
Diversity in method and content
Mobilize local resources
Built on learned participation
Real life example of learning
Non- formal education:
Very long process
Learning from experience
Learning from home
Learning from work
Learning from environment.
Why education is the key to success?
Education lessens the challenge you will face in life. The more knowledge you gain the more opportunity will open up to allow individual to achieve better possibilities in career and personal growth.
Does education change a person:
Education can stimulate economic growth less directly, increasing innovation, productivity and human capital. And education also has a history of fostering positive social change by encouraging things like political participate, social equality, and environment sustainability.
Education important:
Education shows us the importance of hard work and at the same time help us grow and develop. It teaches us to live in harmony.
Good mental health is characterised by a person’s ability to fulfil a number of key functions and activities, including : the ability to learn, the ability to feel, express and manage a range of positive and negative emotions, & the ability to form and maintain good relationships with others. Who doesn’t want to be strong mentally?
Here are some methods for good mental health :
1. Value yourself
While self-worth is more emotional, self-value is more behavioural. This is where we take the foundation of how we feel about ourselves and put it to work. Self-value is the driving vehicle that allows us to walk the walk and act in ways that align with what we value. This shows up in the way we talk to people or in steps we take to speak our truth. Both self-worth and self-value feed off of one another, but it’s helpful to point out the subtle differences. Treat yourself with kindness and respect, and avoid self-criticism. Make time for your hobbies and favourite projects, or broaden your horizons. Do a daily crossword puzzle, plant a garden, take dance lessons, learn to play an instrument or become fluent in another language
2. Give yourself
Volunteer your time and energy to help someone else. You’ll feel good about doing something tangible to help someone in need and it’s a great way to meet new people.
Healthy Ways to Take a Mental Break :
Get Outside. Getting outside and enjoying the fresh air is a great way to renew your energy
Be Active
Meditate
Treat Yourself
Drink Water
Make Time to Socialise
3. Take care of your body
Taking better care of our bodies means increased energy levels, and a better ability to accomplish our daily goals. It means better ability to concentrate on any given task, and that our tasks will take less time to complete. Taking care of yourself physically can improve your mental health. Be sure to :
Eat nutritious meals
Avoid smoking and vaping
Drink plenty of water
Exercise, which helps decrease depression and anxiety and improve moods
Get enough sleep. Researchers believe that lack of sleep contributes to a high rate of depression in college students.
4. Surround yourself with good people
When you surround yourself with positive people, you’re more likely to adopt empowering beliefs and see life as happening for you instead of to you. Just as you benefit when you surround yourself with people who make you happy, you suffer when those in your business or social circles are negative or narrow-minded. People with strong family or social connections are generally healthier than those who lack a support network. Make plans with supportive family members and friends, or seek out activities where you can meet new people, such as a club, class or support group.
5. Quiet your mind
Try meditating, mindfulness or prayer. Relaxation exercises and prayer can improve your state of mind and outlook on life. In fact, research shows that meditation may help you feel calm and enhance the effects of therapy. Silencing the mind does not mean stopping to think at all. It means thinking when you need to think, but keeping the mind calm when you don’t need to think.
6. Learn how to deal with stress
Like it or not, stress is a part of life. Practice good coping skills: Try One-Minute Stress Strategies, exercise, take a nature walk, play with your pet or try journal writing as a stress reducer. Also, remember to smile and see the humour in life. Research shows that laughter can boost your immune system, ease pain, relax your body and reduce stress.
7. Set realistic goals
Decide what you want to achieve academically, professionally and personally, and write down the steps you need to realize your goals. Aim high, but be realistic and don’t over-schedule. You’ll enjoy a tremendous sense of accomplishment and self-worth as you progress toward your goal. Wellness Coaching can help you develop goals and stay on track.
8. Avoid alcohol and other drugs
Keep alcohol use to a minimum and avoid other drugs. Sometimes people use alcohol and other drugs to “self-medicate” but in reality, alcohol and other drugs only aggravate problems.
Some ways to avoid using alcohol :
Keep a diary of your drinking
Don’t keep alcohol in your house
Choose alcohol-free days
Watch for peer pressure
Set a drinking goal
9. Break up the monotony
Although our routines make us more efficient and enhance our feelings of security and safety, a little change of pace can perk up a tedious schedule. Alter your jogging route, plan a road-trip, take a walk in a different park, hang some new pictures or try a new restaurant.
5 Ways to Break the Monotony of Your Routine
Start your morning with something different
Add some new scenery to your day
Shake up your lunch break
Listen to music
Review your habits regularly
10. Get help when you need it
Seeking help is a sign of strength not a weakness. And it is important to remember that treatment is effective. People who get appropriate care can recover from mental illness and addiction and lead full, rewarding lives. Asking for help allows us to surround ourselves with people who can make us feel good and facilitate further development. These people create optimism and hope that we are able to deal with challenging situations, which improves our resilience.
PM Narendra Modi’s push in his Independence Day discourse for “100% immersion” of government plans includes six key drives, which however have arrived at a huge populace up until now, need a quantum hop in the approach 2024 when Modi would look for a third term in office as PM.
As rattled off by the PM himself, these plans are Ayushman Bharat which offers free clinical protection, Ujjwala Yojana that offers free LPG associations, the twin extra security plans upheld by the public authority, Atal Pension plot, the PM Housing Scheme, and Har Ghar Jal Scheme for drinking water. Four of them carried out in Modi’s initial term and assumed a part in his 2019 success while ‘Ayushman Bharat’ and ‘Har Ghar Jal’ solely affect the ground in Modi’s second term up until now.
“Crores of individuals are getting the advantages of many plans began over the most recent seven years. Today the speed of government plans has expanded and they are accomplishing the ideal objectives. We have advanced a lot quicker than previously. However, it doesn’t end here. We need to accomplish immersion. We need to push forward with an outlook of penny percent accomplishment… for this, we don’t need to keep a far off cut off time. We need to make our goals work out inside a couple of years,” the Prime Minister said from the Red Fort.
Ayushman Bharat – Lot to be finished
Dispatched in late 2018 not long before the Lok Sabha surveys, Ayushman Bharat should give free clinical protection family front of Rs 5 lakh to almost 50 crore individuals in the country. While the plan has no objectives given the idea of the plan includes clinical help, around 10 crore recipients have cards so far to approve their qualification for the plan, suggesting that almost 40 crore recipients are still to get these cards from the Centre. Different states have likewise stretched out the plan to cover 15 crores more individuals and have offered cards to 6 crores of such individuals up until now.
The two greatest states with the most recipients, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, are slacking on this front of appropriating cards with 1.4 Cr and 70 lakh cards dispersed so far separately however both these states have almost 10 Cr recipients each. Two crore medical clinic confirmations have been accounted for under the plan to date with claims worth Rs 25,000 crore. In any case, UP and Bihar have revealed far less affirmations up until this point, at 7.7 lakh and 2.9 lakh separately, and more modest states have performed better, showing the plan’s mindfulness in UP and Bihar isn’t as wanted up until this point.
Ujjwala Yojana — Best Saturation
The free LPG association plan of Ujjwala was finished in front of the cut-off time in 2019 for eight crore recipients who didn’t have a gas association in the country. This was a distinct advantage conspire for the Modi government in the 2019 races. PM last week dispatched a second form of the plan in which one crore more recipients will get a free LPG association that is relied upon to convert into full LPG entrance in the country. Inside seven days of the dispatch, more than three lakhs of these associations have been given out and the public authority might accomplish its objective in 2021 itself.
Two Life Insurance Schemes — Need a Push
The two disaster protection plans dispatched in Modi’s initial term have seen unassuming improvement and have scope for more inclusion. They are wilful. PM Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) has 23.6 crore recipients as of date between the age of 18-70 who pay only Rs 12 as an expense in a year to get inadvertent extra security of Rs 2 lakh. The take-up of the PM Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) is lesser at just 10.5 crore recipients between the age of 18-50 who pay Rs 330 every year for a front of Rs 2 lakh if there should be an occurrence of death.
There are almost 55 crore individuals in the country in the age gathering of 18-50 years and around 65 crores in the age bunch 18-70 years.
Atal Pension Yojana — Big Scheme, Low Uptake
Just 3.13 crore individuals have selected themselves into the Atal Pension Yojana dispatched in PM Modi’s initial term as a feature of an aspiring point of a ‘general government backed retirement framework’. The plan is near the public authority’s heart as it offers a month-to-month annuity of Rs 1000 to Rs 5000 to any individual get-togethers age of 60 years relying upon how much premium he decides to pay, moves the annuity advantage to the companion of the recipient after their demise and moves the whole corpus of benefits abundance till the age of 60 years to the candidate after several passes away. The plan is available to anybody between 18-40 years old to join and this age bunch has more than 45 crore youngsters in the country.
PM Housing Scheme — 2022 point
This is one plan that is doing sensibly well against its aggressive objective of giving each vagrant a house before the finish of 2022. Against a new objective of conveying about 2.67 crore houses before the finish of 2022, 1.53 crore houses (60%) have been finished up until now and another 48 lakhs have been endorsed and are in different phases of development. The public authority is expecting to finish 2.01 crore houses consequently by March 2022 and the remainder of the objective (65 lakh houses) before the finish of 2022. Large states like Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu are anyway battling, covering under half and 40% generally speaking objective of theirs individually up until this point.
Har Ghar Jal — Game-Changer for 2024?
The funnelled drinking water for all plan dispatched in Modi government’s second term on Independence Day in 2019 could be the genuine distinct advantage for the BJP come 2024, as it has an objective for culmination around the same time. Just 17% of the nation’s families, about 3.2 crore, had faucet water associations when the plan started, and this has effectively ascended to 42% as of date with 4.7 crore associations given over the most recent two years. The Center has an aggressive point of going after the plan early in 2023, preceding the overall appointment of 2024. For that to occur, the greatest territory of Uttar Pradesh should beat as it actually has just 17% faucet water immersion with 32 lakhs out of 2.6 crore families covered up until this point. West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh have under 15% inclusion. Rajasthan is at 20%.
Narendra Modi’s words from Red Fort are a message additionally to focal government divisions running these plans to propel themselves for 100% immersion. “The greatest benefit of this 100% achievement rate is that nobody stays denied of the advantages of the public authority plot. At the point when the public authority works with an objective to contact the individual in the last line, really at that time there is no separation and there is no degree for debasement,” the PM focused from the Red Fort on Sunday.
The movement of electromagnetic wave without any physical contact of a body is called radiation. Example – light coming from the sun. Heat transfer form hoter to colder body.
All bodies radiate some energy except at zero Calvin. The energy emitted by the body is in the form of packets or quanta of energy called photon.
When the radiation is incident on the surface of a body some fractional part of energy is being absorbed by the surface, some fractional part of energy being transmitted by the surface and some fractional part being reflected by the surface.
The fractional part which is absorbed by the body is called absorbitivity of that body and it is denoted by sigma. The fractional part which is reflected by the body is called reflectivity and it is denoted by row. The fractional part which is transmitted by the body is called transmissivity and it is denoted by tow. Mathematical expressions for this
ρ + α + τ = 1
Where ρ is reflectivity, α is absorbitivity and τ is transmissivity.
The value of these are depend upon
1 nature of surface of the body
2 Temperature of the body. – greater the temperature greater will be the radiation
3 wavelength of the incident rays.
Black body
The body that absorbed all the radiation, and does not trasmite or reflect any radiation is called black body. i. e α =1 and ρ =τ=0. It doesn’t mean that for the black body the body should be black. For example snow which is white in colour and whose absorbitivity is 0.955 that is very near to the 1, hence it is a black body.
White body
The body which which reflects all the radiation is called white body. i.e α = τ = 0, ρ = 1.
Gray body
It is a hypothetical body because the value of absorbitivity, reflectivity and transmissivity does not varies with temperature. ρ + α + τ =1
Women empowerment is the process of empowering women. It may be defined in several ways, including accepting women’s viewpoint or making an effort to seek them, raising the status of women through education, awareness, literacy, and training.
How can I empower women and girls?
standing with and investing in women is an Important start. From workplace and school to home and committee, women
gender equality underpins all of the world Vision work and there are many great activities you can get involved in to support the rights of women in developing countries.
Why do we need women empowerment:
Women’s empowerment is really needed in the societies. It’s so important for women self-esteem and also for societies. Empowering women is to give women the right. Women can equal rights to participate in education, society, economy and politically.
Empowering feminist Quote from inspiring women:
I raise up my voice- not so that I can shout, but so that those without a voice can be heard.
if couse I am not worried about intimidating men.
how can I empower women and girls:
standing with and investing in women is an important start. From workplace and school to home and communities.
How world Vision is helping empower women?
we believe that healthy educated and empower women and girls are agents of change.
when women and girls are support they gain opportunity to speak up for their right and also to advocate for their communities.
they are also able to rise in social standing, and they can feel into future generations.
Learning a new language often considered as really tough task, but is it true? Maybe for some, but the real truth is if followed right resources and direction is definitely an task to do so. So for this here are some tips that might help you.
1) Know about the language that you are going to learn
By writing this I mean one should know what language is he or she going to learn. If you have clear idea of what actually you are going to learn will help you to set almost perfect goals which will ultimately help you to do what you want.
2) Set goals
Setting goals to learn a new language will help you to go far and keep yourself ahead. Goal setting should be done after being familiar by the subject.
3) Set small goals
Setting small goals will help you to complete your work on given time. Setting small goals will also help you to analyse yourself and keep your records on track.
4) Analyse yourself
Analysing is an art if done properly will take you way to far. Whenever do things do them on time and analyse what mistakes you make or what are the problem that you have encountered.
5) Challenge yourself
This part will help you to grow. grow beyond your limits. But one thing to keep in mind while doing so is do not challenge yourself more than what will harm you. Doing this in moderation will definitely help but if done excessive will also harm.
6) Use the language as frequently as you can
If you do so it will help you to retain things faster. It will also help you to clear your vocabulary and pronunciation and also will help you to keep everything you learn stored in your brain for a long time.
7) Test yourself
At the end complete your learning and test your self this will help you to know how much you have learn about the language.
Hope you will like my blog follow the steps and go ahead. Happy learning!
Lucid dreams occur when you are aware that you are dreaming while sleeping.You’re aware that the events that are flashing across your mind aren’t genuine. However, the dream is vivid and real. You could even be able to guide the action in your sleep, as if you were directing a movie. According to studies, roughly half of all adults have had at least one lucid dream. However, they are unlikely to occur frequently, usually only a few times per year.
Lucid dreams are most common during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which is characterised by rapid eye movement, faster breathing, and increased brain activity. About 90 minutes after falling asleep, you normally enter REM sleep. It lasts approximately ten minutes. Each REM cycle lasts longer than the one before it, eventually reaching an hour.
Lucid Dreams Research
Neuroscientists are baffled as to how and why lucid dreams occur. They do, however, have some suggestions. For one instance, research have discovered physical differences in the brains of those who have lucid dreams versus those who don’t. People who have lucid dreams have a larger prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for high-level processes such as decision-making and memory recall. That shows that people who are most prone to have lucid dreams are self-reflective individuals who ruminate on their own thoughts. In a tiny study conducted in Germany, individuals’ brain electrical activity was monitored as they slept. According to the findings, lucid dreaming may be a kind of “in-between state” in which you aren’t entirely awake but also not fully sleeping. Some sleep researchers believe that lucid dreams can occur outside of REM sleep, which was previously regarded to be the only moment when people dreamed.
Benefits of Lucid Dreams
Lucid dreams may assist your waking life by providing advantages such as:
– Less Anxiety: There is less anxiety. The sense of control you experience during a lucid dream may linger and make you feel powerful. You can mould the tale and the finale after you realise you’re in a dream. This could be used as a form of treatment for people who suffer from nightmares, teaching them how to manage their dreams.
– Better motor skills: Some research suggests that by “practising” in a lucid dream, you might be able to improve simple things like tapping your fingers faster. Whether you visualise the actions while awake or run through them in a lucid dream, the same area of your brain becomes engaged.
– Improved Problem-solving skills: Researchers discovered evidence that lucid dreams can assist people address difficulties involving creativity (such as a disagreement with another person) rather than reasoning (such as a math problem).
– Increased creativity: Some participants in lucid dream studies were able to generate new ideas or insights, sometimes with the assistance of characters in their dreams.
Dangers of Lucid Dreams
Lucid dreaming can lead to a variety of issues, including:
– Sleep deprivation: Vivid dreams might wake you up and make it difficult to fall back asleep. And if you’re too concentrated on lucid dreaming, you can have trouble sleeping.
– Confusion, delirium, and hallucinations: Lucid dreams can cause confusion, delirium, and hallucinations in people with certain mental health problems.
1. Contains Healthy Bioactive Compounds: Green tea is more than just a drink that keeps you hydrated. The green tea plant has a variety of beneficial substances that make their way into the finished beverage. Tea is high in polyphenols, which are natural substances with health advantages such as inflammation reduction and cancer prevention. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a catechin found in green tea (EGCG). Catechins are natural antioxidants that aid in the prevention of cell damage as well as providing other advantages. These chemicals can protect cells and molecules from damage by reducing the generation of free radicals in the body. These free radicals contribute to ageing and a variety of ailments. One of the most potent components in green tea is EGCG. Its ability to assist treat a variety of ailments has been studied. It appears to be one among the key chemicals responsible for the therapeutic benefits of green tea. Green tea also contains trace minerals that are beneficial to your health.
2. Increases Fat Burning: If you look at the ingredients list of any fat-burning supplement, you’ll almost certainly see green tea. This is because green tea has been shown to increase fat burning and metabolic rate in studies. Green tea extract boosted the quantity of calories burnt by 4% in a research involving ten healthy men. Green tea extract boosted fat oxidation by 17 percent in another study involving 12 healthy males when compared to those who took a placebo.
However, some research on green tea have found no increase in metabolism, suggesting that the effects may vary depending on the individual and how the study was conducted.
3. May Protect The Brain From Aging: Green tea has been shown to increase brain function in the near term as well as protect the brain as it ages. Alzheimer’s disease is a widespread neurological illness that is the leading cause of dementia among seniors. Another prevalent neurodegenerative disease is Parkinson’s disease, which is characterised by the death of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Green tea catechin chemicals have been shown in several studies to have diverse protective effects on neurons in test tubes and animal models, potentially lowering the incidence of dementia.
4. May Improve Brain Function: Green tea may assist increase brain function in addition to keeping you alert. Caffeine, a well-known stimulant, is the main active component. It doesn’t have as much caffeine as coffee, but it’s enough to elicit a response without generating the jittery affects that come with too much caffeine. Caffeine impacts the brain by inhibiting adenosine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. This enhances neuronal activity and neurotransmitter concentrations such as dopamine and norepinephrine. Caffeine has been found in studies to increase mood, vigilance, response time, and memory, among other aspects of brain function.
5. Antioxidants May Lower the Risk of Some Cancer: Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell development. It is one of the major causes of death in the world. Oxidative damage has been linked to chronic inflammation, which has been linked to chronic diseases such as cancer. Antioxidants can aid in the prevention of oxidative damage. Green tea is high in antioxidants and is a great source of them. Green tea components have been associated to a lower risk of cancer in studies such as these:
Breast cancer: Breast cancer is a disease that affects women. According to a meta-analysis of observational studies, women who drank more green tea had a 20–30 percent lower risk of breast cancer, one of the most frequent diseases in women.
Prostate cancer: Prostate cancer is a disease that affects men. Men who drank green tea had a decreased chance of advanced prostate cancer, according to one study.
Colorectal cancer: Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the colon. Green tea drinkers were 42 percent less likely to acquire colorectal cancer, according to a review of 29 research.
Green tea users are less likely to acquire numerous types of cancer, according to many observational studies, but more high-quality research is needed to corroborate these findings.
Avoid adding milk to your tea to obtain the maximum health advantages. According to certain research, it may lower the antioxidant value of various teas.
1.In 3.75 billion years, the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies will collide.
The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way- where our solar system is at a rate of around 110 kilometers per second (68 mi/s) and, the two will collide to form a giant elliptical galaxy.
Milky way
2.Andromeda is probably the most massive galaxy in the Local Group.
There arearound 1 trillion stars in the Andromeda galaxy, compared with the Milky Way, which has 200-400 billion.
Andromeda galaxy
3.If two pieces of the same type of metal touch in space, they will permanently bond.
This incredible fact is also known as cold welding, and it happens because the atoms of two pieces of metal have no way of knowing they are separate. It doesn’t happen on Earth because of the air and water found between the pieces.
Fusion of metal on space
4.The Moon was once a piece of Earth.
The theory is that when Earth was a relatively young planet, was struck by a giant object, and this collision broke a piece of the Earth away to create the moon. This piece then began to orbit the Earth as a result of its gravitational pull.
Earth and Moon
5.Space is completely silent.
Sound waves need a medium to travel through. Since there is no atmosphere in the vacuum of space, the realm between stars will always be eerily silent. Astronauts use radio waves to communicate.
Space
6.The Apollo astronauts’ footprints on the moon will probably stay there for at least 100 million years.
Since the moon doesn’t have an atmosphere, there’s no wind or water to erode or wash away the Apollo astronauts’ mark on the moon. That means their footprints, overprints, spaceship prints, and discarded materials will stay preserved on the moon for a very long time. Erosion is still happening on the moon, just very slowly.
Astronaut in Moon
7.Some planets have no surface to land on.
There are four gas giants in our solar system — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune — where it wouldn’t be possible to land on. Although different in composition, a gas giant is usually made out of hydrogen and helium and has a small rocky center.
Scientists have several ideas why humans can high-five each other instead of, say, high four or high six. One theory suggests four fingers and a thumb on each hand are the perfect number and length to grip objects firmly. (Another study suggests we can gasp most things with just our thumb and index finger if necessary ; the other four fingers are spares).
The process of evolution determined the most beneficial number of fingers and toes for our survival. Pandas, after all, have thumblike digits to help them grasp bamboo shoots, while some birds have quadruple digits for perching and tucking away during flight. Occasionally, babies are born with extra fingers and toes (a condition known as polydactyly), but those additional digits have never offered enough of an edge to survive to later generations. In other words, evolution determined that five fingers per hand are just right for humans.
Why do we have thumbs?
Having no thumbs would make you all thumbs, fumbling to tie your shoes or assemble a hamburger. (Don’t believe us? Tape one of your thumbs against the side of your hand and see how hard life becomes). We inherited a fully “opposable” thumb named for its ability to close tip-to-tip against our other fingers – grom our primate ancestors around two million years ago. These ancient relatives needed handier hands to help get a grip on simple tools. So give a thumbs – up to your thumbs. So give a thumbs – up to your thumbs. They are the main reasons you can text with one hand and build a burger without fumbling the bun.
Do other animals have thumbs beside us?
Lots of them, although the exact number depends on your definition of “thumbs”. Apes and many monkeys have opposable thumbs just like us, while smaller primates, pandas, and koalas have thumblike digits and claws that help them grip plants and prey.
Why do we have fingerprints?
Those whirls, swirls, loops, and arches on your fingertips (and toes, in case you didn’t know) are hnique to you – even if you have an identical twin – and they remain unchanged throughout your entire life. In fact, the faint ridges known as fingerprints form before you have ever born. Fluids in the womb put pressure on your developing digits, which, combined with your rate of growth and genetic makeup, create one-of-a-kind designs.
Okay, but why do we have fingerprints?
Ah, you want to know the point of those fingertip designs ( well, besides incriminating crooks who forget to wear gloves). Scientist have put forth all sorts of possible reasons. Fingerprints might magnify the hand’s ability to detect vibrations, for example, or improve our sense of touch. They also might work like tyre trying to help They also might work like tire treads to help us grip objects.
Why do my fingers wrinkle when we’ve been swimming?
You might think that playing in the pool or soaking in the tub makes your fingertips and toes waterlogged and soggy. Not so ! The prune effect is caused by blood vessels bringing just below the skin – an automatic reaction triggered by your nervous system when it senses long exposure to water. Scientists think people evolved this reaction to improve their grip and traction in wet environments. After all, pruny fingers make it easier to snag slippery fish.
Why can we pop our knuckles?
When you move or bend your fingers, you occasionally squeeze tiny air bubbles that form in the protective fluid around your body’s joints.Those poping bubbles create an audible crack.
” stethoscope is only jewellery that can’t be earned by money. It can only be earned by passion and hard work “
A stethoscope is used to hear the heart beats sounds, sound due to inhalation and exhalation of air in the lungs and the respiratory pathways and also the stomach movements. It is a very useful diagnostic tool to help localize problems and to diagnose disease.
Stethoscope are also used along with the sphygmomanometer. The first usable binaural stethoscope was invented in 1855.
The modern electronic stethoscope are high precisioned instruments. These can be used to hear a patient’s heart and lungs clearly even in high noisy environments and even through layers of clothing.
The electronic stethoscope also make it possible to hear the foetal sounds in mother’s womb.
Uses
☆ Stethoscope helps in find normal (lub-dub) versus abnormal heart sounds ( heart murmurs) and also to diagnose valve functions.
☆ Stethoscope can indicate fluid in lungs in case of pneumonia and pulmonary edema. It can diagnose airway diseases like bronchitis and pleuritis.
☆ Stethoscope are also used to compare the movements in the normal versus overactive or underactive intestinal tract.
Life is an unpredictable and a rollercoaster journey where everything might be seem sorted but still can mess up thereafter. You might be chilling in one second but in another second you can be in a huge trouble you haven’t think of. This is what life is. It is full of craziness, happiness, sadness, surprises, adventures and much more. It is a bundle of joy for one but can be a sad and painful story for another because they all have their different experiences. But you should enjoy every moment of your life before it turns into a memory. As it is said, ” YOU ONLY LIVE ONCE ”. Live your life to the fullest. So there are some interesting facts about life you should know-
1- HUMANS ARE THE ONLY ANIMALS THAT ENJOY SPICY FOODS – Only humans are the creatures who enjoy spicy foods, no other creature enjoys it.
2- When you die, there are companies that will turn your ashes into fireworks so you can literally ” Go out with a bang ”.
3- It is impossible to hum while holding your nose.
4- It rains diamonds on Saturn and Jupiter.
5- ” I am ” is the shortest complete sentence in the English language.
6- There are at least 6 people in the world who look exactly like you. There is a 9% chance that you’ll meet one of them in your lifetime.
7- The Mona Lisa has no eyebrows.
8- People say ”Bless you” when you sneeze because when you sneeze, your heart stops for a millisecond.
9- Honey is the only food that doesn’t spoil. It can be tasted and added in food for years and years.
10- The name of all the continents end with the same letter that they start with.
11- It is impossible to lick your elbow.
12- Hot water will turn into ice faster than cold water.
13- The average person walks past 36 murderers in their lifetime.
14- A different version of you exists in the minds of everyone who knows you.
15- 99% of people who read this will try to lick their elbow.
These are some amazing facts you would want to hear and definitely enjoy it. It’s just short and simple facts but very interesting ones.
Artificial Intelligence refers to the intelligence of machines. This is in contrast to the natural intelligence of humans and animals. With Artificial Intelligence, machines perform functions such as learning, planning, reasoning and problem-solving. Most noteworthy, Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence by machines. “Artificial intelligence would be the ultimate version of Google. The ultimate search engine that would understand everything on the web. It would understand exactly what you wanted, and it would give you the right thing. We’re nowhere near doing that now. However, we can get incrementally closer to that, and that is basically what we work on.” Experts believe that AI in future will be able to make human life much easier by providing a solution to almost all challenges. Humans will also be made aware of potential threats from beforehand by Artificial Intelligence use. One of the fastest- growing fields of technology and invention is that of AI. AI has established its position in several marketing activities. And the automation of marketing processes has increased the demand for AI implementation in the industry recently as well. AI has also brought opportunities to marketers to expand their business and provided user interface insight. There are mainly two types of artificial intelligence. Type 1 includes Narrow Artificial Intelligence – Can perform the single task example voice recognition, General Artificial Intelligence – Having an ability to perform tasks like human beings. To date, no such machine is developed, Super Artificial Intelligence – AI with the capability to perform better than a human being itself. The research is still going on. Type 2 includes Reactive Machine – This machine responds quickly to a situation. It is not able to store any data for present or future use. It works according to the fed data, Limited Memory – This machine can store smaller amount of data for a limited period. Examples are self-driving cars and video games, Theory of Mind – These are the machines which would understand human emotions, there would be much smarter. But these types of machines have not yet developed. Therefore the concept totally speculative. Last but not the least Self Awareness – These types of machines attributes to a better working than that of human beings. To date, no such machine has been developed. Efforts are continuously made in the same direction. Artificial intelligence is enhancing the ability of machines to make it perform in the same way as human beings. The different emerging technologies are relatively helping in artificial intelligence to excel. The machine in form of computers, mobiles, and other devices is helping aids. The different set of data as the input given to the machine helps it in performing any task. So in a better way, we can state that artificial learning comprises machines inbuilt with human intelligence by developing a set of data or algorithms.Technologies are advancing day by day. They are proving it to be a blessing for mankind. They make the work easier, further helping to resolve a problem in a human way. Every technology has its both positive as well as negative impacts and so artificial intelligence too. It has its importance in different industries and research sectors but can be a curse if used up in the wrong way and can become a threat to mankind.
Life isn’t a bed of roses. Rather it is like a rose garden filled with thorns along with roses. Our lives too have thorns. Each and every one of us come across various kinds of struggles in life. Most of the time we view these struggles as barriers instead of taking them up as an opportunity for something better. God decided to add struggle in our lives for a reason. If the Almighty wished, our lives could have been made without any problems or struggles but eventually, it will cripple us.
Our life is just like the night sky. We find the night sky the most beautiful because of those beautiful stars shining brightly out there. Imagine trying to search those stars during the day.
When you read or hear that stars can’t shine without darkness, it means that without bad things happening in your life, you would not realize what the good ones are. It is when you are only going through dark days that you know what you capable of. Life doesn’t end; it’s rather a new beginning.
How could you ever understand feeling good from feeling bad, if you only know the good all the time? What lessons could you learn? Is there a specific reason why disaster strikes?
Life is so that every so often tragedy strikes. It frequently is when you think everything is going great that your world tumbles down. Yet, the best way to look at dark times is to understand that there are no endings but only new beginnings. So, without darkness, there is no light.
Wherever you look, everything has an opposite in this universe. So, no matter how much you want only great things to happen to you and be happy go lucky all the time, life does not work that way. It is persistently made of ups and downs and highs and lows. But adverse life events always bring a possibility for you to grow, change and be better.
Look at the Bright Side
In our lives, when we are going through difficult moments, it is true that we have a tendency to more easily focus on all the negative things that are going on. But one day, the rain will stop falling, and a rainbow will take its place. So, it is the reason why you need to remember that stars can’t shine without darkness.
If there were no way to distinguish happiness, you would not be happy because you would not know what it is. Whenever you are going through an unfortunate circumstance, it is what is going wrong that hits you harder than the rest. And it is only human to have such feelings.
But if you decide to sit and wallow about your situation, then you will only prolong the pain. You should look and focus on the positive events in your life. No matter how small they are. The stars would not shine as brightly if there were not some darkness. Think about that!
Stars Can’t Shine Without Darkness
Easy is not an option. Life is hard at times. But we can all agree that theoretically speaking; stars can’t shine without darkness. You could not enjoy the warmth of the summer if there were no cloudy skies and cold winters. There can’t be any music without silence. Therefore, there is also no success without failure in life.
Yet, everyone thinks that failure is a step backward, but it is not true. I believe that each failure is a step forward in the right direction. I know it can be uneasy, but shining in the darkness is the thing that you should do when you are in the midst of a trial or misfortune in your life. It is like looking at a picture and seeing the good times in between the bad ones.
So, let’s take a different perspective for an instant. What if your same negative life event happens to someone else than you? You would see how different they would act or react. Some people would handle it better while some not. Why? Because it is how you define your reality, and everything that happens to you, that determine your reaction to the situation at hand.
Darkness, Stars, and Light
As a result, what is happening right now in your life is not happening to you as a result of chance. Your past experiences, beliefs, and consciousness have helped to create it. Believe it or not, your current situation has its causes and roots in the past.
Let’s consider this realistic analogy: When you look up into the night sky and see the stars, what you actually see is the past because some of those bodies may no longer exist. It is possible because stars are hundreds and thousands of light years away. The meaning is that it takes their light, traveling at 300,000 kilometers or 186,000 miles per second, hundreds or thousands of years to reach the earth.
Therefore, the bright light you see from a star a hundred light years away is actually a light it emitted a hundred years ago. That particular star could have exploded and disintegrated twenty-five years ago, but you would still see its light, and continue to see it for another seventy-five years, even though it has long ceased to exist.
The Power to Make a Difference
So, what I am trying to say is that you create your life by your perception of reality. And there is an opportunity in every difficulty. If something bothers you, then you need to take a look at what beliefs you have deep inside. Once you identify the wrong ones, you have the power to change and replace them. Then you can embrace the magical power of a different life.
And that is why you should look at everything in your life as an opportunity. It helps you show what you can do, not only to others but yourself as well. How would you ever know what you can truly handle until it is placed before you? But if you are pessimistic, you won’t know what you are really capable of. And if you are too realistic, you may never discover what life has in store for you.
So, enter each life situation with your eyes wide open, but always be optimistic no matter what. You have no better choice. Then allow life to happen to you in miraculous ways and know that there is always light at the end of the tunnel. Stay strong and shine the brightest. And always treasure each experience you have because , just like you, stars can’t shine without darkness.
The Japanese aesthetics are a set of ideals followed since the olden days including Miyabi, yuugen, mono no aware, wabi and sabi. These ideas showcase was is considered to be beautiful in Japanese culture and aesthetic norms. The aesthetic norms in japan are considered to be an indispensable part of Japanese people everyday life.
Miyabi is one of the oldest Japanese aesthetic ideal. It is the norm to polish ones manners and to eradicate any kind of roughness and crudility in order to achieve the highest level of grace. The term miyabi can be translated as ‘elegance’. It requires the removal of any vulgar actions. It is also closely related to mono no aware.
Wabi and sabi entails that one should have a mindful approach in everyday life. According to this aesthetic ideal the true beauty of things lie in their impermanent and imperfect nature. It looks at the notion that the things that are in their full glory at the moment will eventually fade or decay. That beauty lies in the fact that things come and go and nothing stays permanently. In this way we can find beauty in the most simplest and ordinary things.
According to the zen philosophy there are 7 principles for achieving wabi and sabi.
Kanso or simplicity, yugen or grace, fukinsei or irregularity, shizen or natural, koko or basic, datsuzoku or to be free and seijaku or silence are the 7 principles of wabi sabi.
Each of these are found in nature and are the virtues of human character.
Yuugen is one of the most important of the Japanese aesthetics. Yugen implies to be having a deep awareness of the universe. It is one of the deep rooted idea in the Japanese Buddhism.
Yugen refers to looking at the world that we live in deeply and becoming aware of the virtues and the true beauty lying within.
The meaning of mono no aware has been complex and ever changing but the deep rooted meaning remains the same, it refers to the pathos of things deriving from their transcience.
In the classic anthology of Japanese poetry from the eighth century the feeling of aware is typically triggered by the plaintive calls of birds or other animals. It also played an important role in the world’s first novel, Murasaki Shikibu’s ‘The Tale of Genji’, in the early eleventh century clearly show impermanence as the basis for the feeling of mono no aware.
Nowadays mono no aware can be seen in the love of Japanese people for cherry blosoms. Huge crowds of people go to view cherry blossoms every year.
The blossoms of the Japanese cherry trees are more beautiful than those apple tree because of their transience, as they begin to fall within a week of their first appearing. It is precisely the evanescence of their beauty that evokes the wistful feeling of mono no aware in the viewer.
There are many little ways to enlarge your child’s world. Love of books is the best of all!”- Jacqueline Kennedy
Books are a useful resource that provide a wealth of information, as well as insights into a happy existence, life lessons, love, prayer, fear, and a wealth of useful advice. Books provide access to a world of inventiveness, resourcefulness, and invention. Stories are an important aspect of our life since they tell us about our history, mythology, beliefs, goals, future prospects, and so on. Books can become a person’s dearest friend, staunch supporter, and life advisor.
Early reading offers several advantages and is essential for a child’s mental and emotional development. The development of critical thinking skills is one of the major advantages of instilling the habit of reading. Reading books broadens your knowledge, improves your inventiveness, expands your vocabulary, and makes you wiser in general.
Neurological
The importance of a child learns faster in the early years than at any other period in their lives. When parents converse, sing, and read with their children, the child’s brain cells strengthen as new connections are formed. And learning to read has a significant impact on the development of a child’s cognitive ability.
Educational
Reading is important in the early years since it contributes to a child’s academic achievement and instils a lifetime love of learning. Strong oral language abilities lead to increased general knowledge and linguistic command. It may be easier for them to learn and speak numerous languages. They have stronger focus and concentration, as well as longer attention spans. Reading helps the brain to think in a similar sequential chronicle pattern, and thus spends more time on developing a storey rather than racing through each detail, due to the sequential chronicle pattern of most books — a beginning, middle, and finish. Children who read grow more adept at grasping what they’re reading and have also been shown to be better listeners. It’s fascinating to learn that early readers don’t just become lifetime readers; they also become lifelong leaders.
Psychological
A child who learns to read at a young age demonstrates independence and composure. Reading fosters maturity and discipline, as well as a sense of wonder about the people, places, and things in their environment. As a result, the child’s creativity and imagination are sparked. When a youngster chooses to sit and read, he or she is able to channel his or her physical energy. Reading has been connected to creativity on numerous occasions.
Linguistic
The earlier children learn to read, the more books they will be exposed to, which will help them gain knowledge, improve their vocabulary, writing and spelling skills, and make them more articulate conversationalists and successful communicators. Reading Aloud together is the most crucial step in preparing a kid to become a reader. Reading aloud to youngsters can help them build literacy skills and a lifelong love of reading. Everyone enjoys reading aloud because it is participatory, sensory, and thrilling. Sharing a book with a youngster is enjoyable because it allows you to spend time together, laugh, and discuss. It assists in the development of a strong and loving bond with the child.
It’s a simple approach to communicate with children, and they pick up new vocabulary and linguistic abilities as a result. A child’s attention is held by books with illustrations and age-appropriate language. Reading time is made more engaging and fun by using hilarious accents and diverse facial expressions. Voices could be thunderous or as faint as a mouse.
Well, without proper comprehension skills, students lack the ability to understand what they read. The point of reading isn’t to make sounds in your brain or out loud, but rather, to understand important lessons, stories and arguments. Through the act of writing, our ancestors have recorded important knowledge that we can understand simply by reading. By understanding what we read, we pick up important information, understand scientific theories, past opinions and new frontiers.
Having excellent reading comprehension skills is crucial. It increases the enjoyment and effectiveness of reading and helps not only academically, but professionally, and in a person’s personal life. Imagine, for example, that your boss gives you a complicated document: you can read the words, but you cannot understand what the document is telling you. What then, is the point of being able to ‘read,’ if it can’t help you move forward?
Importance of comprehension
Comprehension is the goal of reading , however it can be considered as the most difficult skill to master, especially for English language learners. Reading comprehension can be defined as the ability to read text, process it and understand its meaning. An individual ‘s ability to comprehend text is influenced by their traits and skills, one of which is the ability to make inferences. If word recognition is difficult, students use too much of their processing capacity to read individual words, which interferes with their ability to comprehend what is read (Stanovich, 1986). There are a number of approaches to improve reading comprehension, including improving one ‘s vocabulary and reading strategies.
Building reading comprehension
Overwhelmed by the far-reaching implications of Reading Comprehension? Don’t be! Comprehension is actually quite simple to build. However, it will require daily, active involvement from a parent or guardian, where you guide your child through the thought processes that underly understanding any text.
Daily reading practice:
All children should spend at least half-hour daily, reading with a loved one. Not only does this foster a positive relationship with reading, but it also allows you to model the cognitive steps required to comprehend what is read.(Seriously, we can’t emphasize this enough. The research out there is endless — every child requires daily reading at home to succeed).
Make connections :
As you and your children read aloud, share experiences you have had that relate to the story and have them share theirs. Not only does this build an interest in reading, but it grounds them in the idea that there is something common and shared in the act of reading, and it invests them in the story.
Create a visual :
Sometimes children have a hard time visualizing what they just read. Help your children visualize by describing the scene, characters, and plot. You can even ask them what they are visualizing and have them draw in pencil, pen, markers, or colored pencils. They will be involved and creating their own story, which will help them get a clearer understanding of what is happening.
Check for understanding :
Whether you are reading, or your child is reading, ask key comprehension questions, periodically, while reading. Doing this not only helps you see if they are understanding what is being read, but it also teaches them what questions they should be asking themselves as they read.
Before Starting- Look at the Cover & Title! What do you think this book will be about?- Do you know anything about this topic?- What types of characters do you think will be in the story?
During Stop periodically (every paragraph or page) and ask:-. “Who?”- “What just happened?”- “Where?” At key points, you can also ask “How did it happen?” and “Why did it happen?
“As you progress through the story, make sure that your child is holding on to the story by asking “What has happened so far?
“Teach them to predict / imagine / hypothesize by asking “How do you think the character will handle the situation?
“Also, clear their doubts and give them a voice in your daily reading practice by asking “Is there anything you are wondering right now?”
After: Check to see if your child understood the text by asking- “What was the main message in the story/text?”- “Tell me the story in your own words” “What were the most important events in the story?”
Make inference and prediction :
Making inferences and predictions goes hand-and-hand with asking questions. Inferring is the ability to take clues and given knowledge from a text and conclude what will happen next. To help them infer, ask them to predict what might happen next in the story “What does the author want you to think about?” “Why do you think the character did ______?” “What do you think will happen next?” “If the story had a sequel, what do you think it would be about?”
Fix any type of confusion :
It is important to go back and re-read as soon as your child seems confused! Make sure you are tracking your child’s comprehension progress. The moment they can’t answer one of your questions, whether it’s at the first sentence or in the middle, or maybe even at the end, back up and re-read!
Remember, building Reading Comprehension will take time. Comprehension is built on phonetic awareness, reading fluency, vocabulary, and / or language arts. Stick to your daily reading practice (especially when you want to give up) and remind your child that it is important to understand every single word / sentence / paragraph / story they read.
India never invaded any country in her last 100000 years of history.
When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization)
Indus Valley Civilization
The name ‘India’ derived from the River Indus, the valleys around which were the home of the early settlers. The Aryan worshippers referred to the river Indus as the Sindhu.
Chess- invented in India.
Algebra, Trigonometry, and Calculus are the studies, which originated in India.
The ‘Place Value System’ and the ‘Decimal System’, were developed in India in 100 B.C.
Brihadeswara Temple
The World’s First Granite Temple is the Brihadeswara Temple at Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu. The shikhara of the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite. This magnificent temple was built in just five years, (between 1004 AD and 1009 AD) during the reign of Rajaraja Chola.
India has the largest democracy in the world, the 7th largest country in the world, and one of the most ancient civilizations.
The game of Snakes & Ladders was created by the 13th-century poet saint Gyandev. It was originally called ‘Mokshapat’. The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices, that is good deeds take people to heaven and evil to a cycle of re-births.
The world’s highest cricket ground is in Chail, Himachal Pradesh. Built-in 1893 after leveling a hilltop, this cricket pitch is 2444 meters above sea level.
India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world.
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways, employing over a million people.
University of Nalanda
The world’s first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.
India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by India’s wealth, had come looking for a sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.
The Art of Navigation & Navigating was born in the river Sindh over 6000 years ago.
Bhaskaracharya rightly calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the Sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. According to his calculation, the time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun was 365.258756484 days.
The value of “pi” was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.
Until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds in the world(Source: Gemological Institute of America).
Baily Bridge
The Baily Bridge is the highest in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains.
Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over 2600 years ago Sushrata & his team conducted complicated surgeries like cataracts, artificial limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery, and brain surgeries.
The four religions born in India – Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, are followed by 25% of the world’s population.
Jainism and Buddhism were founded in India in 600 B.C. and 500 B.C. respectively.
Islam is India’s and the world’s second-largest religion.
Jews and Christians have lived continuously in India since 200 B.C. and 52 A.D. respectively.
The largest religious building in the world is Angkor Wat, a Hindu Temple in Cambodia built at the end of the 11th century.
Sikhism originated in the Holy city of Amritsar in Punjab. Famous for housing the Golden Temple, the city was founded in 1577.
Varanasi
Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called “the Ancient City” when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C. and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.
Martial Arts were first created in India and later spread to Asia by Buddhist missionaries.
Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years.
I have seen many motivational movies both in Bollywood and Hollywood. But Bollywood movies are very special as they contain emotional content and beautiful songs. There are many people who think Bollywood only produce entertaining movies which I don’t think is a fact. Cinema is the reflection of society and vice-versa. However, a society has its own deep rooted beliefs and perceptions which trickle down through the ages and become a reference point for generations to come. In such a scenario, is it possible for a piece of art to come and impact your perceptions in a way that you see something in a whole new light?
I have collected a list of Bollywood movies that I have watched and I suggest you to watch if you’re free this weekend..Here is the list!
Swades (2004)
We all want to secure good marks in college, get a high-paying job, if possible settle abroad and live our lives comfortably ever after. However, how many of us can leave this settled life behind and devote it to the upliftment and betterment of the lives of our rural brethren. Swades is a story of self-less devotion to the country and bringing development at the grass-root level. A must-watch for all who want to contribute to their motherland in their own little way.
Taare Zameen Par (2007)
Have we ever wondered why a glass appears half empty to some of us while it looks half full to others? It’s just a matter of perception, we say. Taare Zameen Par breaks the stigma attached with the differently-abled children and leads us to give them a fair chance. Such movies leave a lasting impact on our psyche and help us immensely in bettering our judgement towards life. And in case, you forgot the message of the movie, repeat it with us, every child is special.
Luck By Chance (2009)
Luck by Chance brings the struggles and cynicism of the film industry to the fore like never before. Most of us are dreamy eyed about the glamour world and think of it as ‘the life’ to have. Here’s where Zoya Akhtar’s LBC comes in and takes you to a walk through the backstage of Bollywood. It introduces you to the personalities you never imagined existed and tells you the level of stakes involved in the business, through the eyes of an aspiring actor Vikram (Farhan Akhtar). Consider this your Bible if you see your future in the showbiz.
Rocket Singh (2009)
Admit it! We have all given up on some life-changing idea at least once in our lives because we lacked the courage to make the actual plunge. No wonder we move on with a familiar remorse in our hearts. Rocket Singh teaches us an amazing lesson about self-worth which stresses on the fact that an organisation is only as good as its employees and that taking risks in life is not as bad as it seems initially.
Lakshya (2004)
Being aimless in life and careless about career is a phase everyone goes through. Having a quarter-life crisis is not so bad either. However, the magic lies in waking up at the right time. Forget everyone else, the real deal is to surprise yourself with your own capabilities and to do something that you yourself never expected to do. After all, this is what Lakshya taught us. To leave one life and live the other!
Rang De Basanti (2006)
Anyone who watches this movie will feel a connect, especially the youth. Aren’t our adrenaline levels always pumping and haven’t we all discussed the flaws of the system over a cup of steaming chai ? But what have we actually done to fix it? Nothing. Rang De Basanti tries to create an environment of increased activism on matters of public interest and throws open a debate: do we want to take matters into our hands or keep crying foul about the inefficiencies of the society?
Paan Singh Tomar (2010)
While biopics of legendary people always inspire viewers, it takes a movie like Paan Singh Tomar to shake them up to the conditions and tragedies of these stalwarts post their prime. PST is the story of a real-life athlete Paan Singh Tomar, a gold medalist who went onto becoming a dacoit, after the world around him refused to acknowledge him for his accomplishments and kept pushing him down. The USP of the movie lies in the stirring tragedy of PST’s life which drives him to seek revenge from the system, for his lost career and life. This one is history in motion.
A Wednesday (2008)
In these times of increased violence and hatred towards each other, aren’t we all living an uncertain life which might just end today, at this very moment? But we, the common people, sit quietly like always while our safety becomes a game of ping-pong between terrorists and our government. This film stresses on the importance of a wake-up call to our government to act towards the safety of its citizens. A Wednesday is a stirring message to all common men like me and you to not play vulnerable all the time and come together and ask our system to be accountable to us.
Dil Chahta Hai (2001)
There are times when you want the clock to stop. There are times when you don’t want to leave a place. There are times when everything just feels right about the company that you have. Such is the gravity of friendship in youth. You don’t want to grow old. But unfortunately, time waits for no one and one has to move on in life and live one’s own story. Dil Chahta Hai is a coming-of-age story which remains an essential part of everyone’s life, simply because it holds true no matter how many times we watch it.
Udaan (2010)
Easily the most relatable, easily the most convincing. That’s why Udaan works and changes your deep rooted perceptions towards a very tender phase of a child’s life, teenage. The movie tracks the journey of Rohan, who returns to his home after 8 years of boarding school, only to be welcomed by a disciplinarian father and a half brother. The beauty of Udaan lies in the way Rohan fights and aims for his dreams rather than being tied down by his father. The movie sends a strong message which says we can become whatever we want in life, all we need to do is give our dreams a little flight.
When it comes to the possibilities and possible perils of artificial intelligence (AI), learning and reasoning by machines without the intervention of humans, there are lots of opinions out there. Only time will tell which one of these quotes will be the closest to our future reality. Until we get there, it’s interesting to contemplate who might be the one who predicts our reality the best.
“The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race. It would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever-increasing rate. Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn’t compete, and would be superseded.”— Stephen Hawking
Will computers eventually be smarter than humans?
Everyone is talking about artificial intelligence (AI) – in the media, at conferences and in product brochures. Yet the technology is still in its infancy. Applications that would have been dismissed as science fiction not long ago could become reality within a few years. With its specialty materials, the Electronics business sector of Merck is contributing to the development of AI.
HOW SMART ARE YOU?
Who’s smarter — you, or the computer or mobile device on which you’re reading this article? The answer is increasingly complex, and depends on definitions in flux. Computers are certainly more adept at solving quandaries that benefit from their unique skill set, but humans hold the edge on tasks that machines simply can’t perform. Not yet, anyway.
Computers can take in and process certain kinds of information much faster than we can. They can swirl that data around in their “brains,” made of processors, and perform calculations to conjure multiple scenarios at superhuman speeds. For example, the best chess-trained computers can at this point strategize many moves ahead, problem-solving far more deftly than can the best chess-playing humans. Computers learn much more quickly, too, narrowing complex choices to the most optimal ones. Yes, humans also learn from mistakes, but when it comes to tackling the kinds of puzzles computers excel at, we’re far more fallible.
Computers enjoy other advantages over people. They have better memories, so they can be fed a large amount of information, and can tap into all of it almost instantaneously. Computers don’t require sleep the way humans do, so they can calculate, analyze and perform tasks tirelessly and round the clock. On the other hand, humans are still superior to computers in many ways. We perform tasks, make decisions, and solve problems based not just on our intelligence but on our massively parallel processing wetware — in abstract, what we like to call our instincts, our common sense, and perhaps most importantly, our life experiences. Computers can be programmed with vast libraries of information, but they can’t experience life the way we do.
Some of that’s rethinking how we approach these questions. Rather than obsessing over who’s smarter or irrationally fearing the technology, we need to remember that computers and machines are designed to improve our lives, just as IBM’s Watson computer is helping us in the fight against deadly diseases. The trick, as computers become better and better at these and any number of other tasks, is ensuring that “helping us” remains their prime directive.
The important thing to keep in mind is that it is not man versus machine. “It is not a competition. It is a collaboration.”
Snake are deadliest animal. Whenever one encounters it many get hurt or you can easily say they are dangerous to humans. They have aggressive nature. They are very dangerous especially for rural area people’s. There are estimated 3,500 snake species out of which 600 are venomous. Their estimated yearly attacks ranges from 53 lakhs to 54 lakhs, out of which more than 1 lakh people die due to their attack.
1) Inland Taipan
They are also known as fierce snake. They has the most toxic venom in the world. The average quantity venom give by this snake is 44mg while the most given is 110mg, which is enough to kill 100 people. Its venom consists of neurotoxins, Hemotoxins (procoagulants) affecting the blood, myotoxin affecting the muscles, nephrotoxins affecting the kidneys and hemorrhaggins causing hemorrhage. Its venom paralysis the body and cause hemorrhage. It is found in Australia.
2) Dubois sea snake
Dubois sea snake is also known as reef shallow sea snake. It is a species of venomous sea snake. Adult sea snake grows upto 4.86ft but usually grow upto 2.6ft. It is most venomous sea snake and one of the top three most venomous snakes in the world. The venom is lethal and contains neurotoxin that act on the nerve cell, myotoxins acting on muscles. The venom of this snake paralysis the respiratory system which ultimately cause death of the person. They feed on fish and swallow the whole fish. True incident of sea snake bite has not been recorded but they might have caused bite in rural area where taking record might not be possible. They are not aggressive but can bite if feel threatened or surprised. Fisherman’s are more likely to get trapped in their bites often when they try to remove them from fishing net. They are found in Australia, and some parts of Indian Ocean and Timor sea.
3) Eastern brown snake
Eastern brown snake or also known as common brown snake. This snake is highly venomous snake in the family Elapidae. Adult eastern brown snake goes upto 2m or 7ft. The venom of the snake mainly affects the circulatory system, coagulopathy, hemorrhage, cardiovascular collapse and cardiac arrest mainly the death occurs due to cardiac arrest. And one of the main components of venom is prothombinase which breaks down prothrombin. It is responsible for about 60% of snake bite death in Australia. They are native to eastern and central Australia and southern New Guinea.
4) Black mamba
Black mamba also belongs to highly venomous species of family Elapidae. It is second longest venomous snake after king cobra. It grows upto 2m (6ft 7in) and commonly grow to 3m (9ft 10in). Its colour varies from grey to dark brown and it’s species is both terrestrial and arboreal (found on trees). It is native to parts of Sub Sahara Africa. Its venom is composed of neurotoxins and it’s induce symptoms within ten minutes and is frequently fatal. This species of snake is aggressive but only attack when threatened or cornered. It constantly bites more than once and it’s bite derive 100mg-120mg of venom, the highest venom recorded is 400mg. It is considered as snake of medical importance by World Health Organization. Its venom if not treated on time will result in respiratory failure, cardiovascular collapse and ultimately death.
5) Boomslang
Boomslang snake is one of the venomous snake of family Colubridae Average adult Boomslang is 100-160 cm in total length and exceeds to 183cm. Colouration is very different like males are light green with black or blue scale edge while females may be brown. Their weight varies from 175 to 510 g. The Boomslang snake is able to open its jaws up to 170 degree when butting. It is found in sub Saharan Africa, south africa, Botswana and Namibia. Its venom is hemotoxin and disables coagulation process and the victim die as a result of internal or external bleeding. Its venom cause hemorrhaging in to tissue such as muscles and the brain tissue. Its venom is slow acting. This snake is timid and only bite if attempted to handle, catch or kill.
Protection of women in India has become a crucial issue. We cannot assure the safety of the women nowadays because if we read a newspaper or go on social media, the news of girls getting raped by cab drivers, acid burning, child marriage, domestic violence, molestation is flooded from different parts of India. Such incidents have created fear and fright among young girls and women. They don’t feel safe in their own country. In rural areas, the conditions are worse where women are burned and killed by in-laws or tortured for dowry. Moreover, female infanticide is still practised in some remote areas.
The most dreadful event that the country faced was the Nirbhaya gang-rape incident. To curb such horrendous crimes against women, the government has passed laws for women’s safety. They are Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929, Hindu Marriage Act 1955, Dowry Prohibition Act 1961, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1886, Indian Divorce Act 1969, Equal Remuneration Act 1976, Prohibition of Sex Selection Act 1994, Protection of women from Domestic Violence Act 2005, Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Place Act 2013 etc. and many more.
How to Ensure Women Safety in India?
Everyone requires to determine and willingly agree that every person has the freedom to feel safe. Indian constitution states that every person is even before the law. But unfortunately, it is not practiced everywhere. Women and girls around the world should be given access to education, freely walk at any place, reach to hospitals, the opportunity of choosing a career, freedom of choice of marriage partner and also the freedom to wear their own choice of clothes. They should not be punished for the selection of garments, friends, and other extra-curricular activities.
Education is the demand for the hour to eradicate such problems and to help individuals in the nation recognize and respect limits, and approval in order not to dishonor women’s rights. As individuals, we can regard each other with respect. Let us stand as active bystanders where we stop sexual violence and interfere if any such incidence happens anywhere with the women. Most importantly, do not perpetuate it.
Role of the Government:-
The Government must ensure that the law in force is activated. What is the point of having women’s security law if the order is definitive and inhibiting? There is a requirement to improve the infrastructure to secure women’s freedom. Notwithstanding the production of various efficient laws and ordinance by the Government of India to trade with and set assaults against females, the volume and repetition of sins against females are growing daily. The state of women in the country has been metal assault and offensive in the past few years.
Women’s belief in their protection in their country has decreased. Women are in questionable conditions for their security and anxiety while going everywhere or outside their houses (such as office, market, etc.). We should not criticize the government, because it is not just the duty of the government to safeguard women but of every citizen of India, especially the people who require it. Research that put India as the most unsafe place due to its raised incidence of sexual violence, deficiency of access to trial in rape instances, child wedding, female feticide and trafficking in human beings. India surpassed nations that have a high rate of women’s criticism.
The safety of women in India is a significant concern today. We cannot say that women are safe in India by going through crimes against women in the past few years. Women feel frightened to move out and roam around by themselves.
Some Major Safety Tips:-
Self-defense routines are the first and foremost method that every woman must be mindful of and have sufficient self-defense practice for their security.
Women need to be mindful of some efficient defense techniques, such as crotch kicks, blocking punches, etc. Usually, most women should be trained well to recognize the issue.
Women should at once limit any situation that they feel wrong about.
Escape and operate is also an excellent way to mitigate some of the risks women face whenever they are in trouble.
They should never travel alone with an unknown person in some strange location.
Women must know and feel their dynamic power and practice it subsequently. They should nevermore think that they are more insecure than men and get some self-defense practice.
Women should be alert to interact with someone on the Internet in cyberspace.
Pepper spray can also be used as a self-defense tool, but it may be not effective for some people who cannot be harmed by even full-face spraying. It may not obstruct the attacker; thus women should not depend completely on it and use other methods as well.
Women should carry all the emergency numbers with them to tell their family members and the police immediately, in case of any emergency.
Conclusion:-
Though we had a woman prime minister, a woman president and a woman finance minister, and a woman defense minister, still we have a gender non-inclusive legislature primarily. At 12%, India is one of the stragglers among its associates in the portrayal of women in Parliament.
Free India represents women as half of the population, which is observed in the Chinese bureaucracy. The situation is not very promising yet in the state of the judiciary, where, as a nation, we are glorifying only the first instance of three female judges sitting in the 68-year tale of the nation’s Supreme Court. Notwithstanding repeated crimes against women and young girls, India still does not have a wide database of physical offenders. Registration and information systems for sex offenders have been created around the world over the past 20 years. Since 1994, 18 more countries have launched new laws on the recording of sex offenders.
Women, in the past years, have made an extraordinary contribution to the world whether she is Mother Teresa, Marie Curie, Virginia Woolf, Betty William, and the most present one is Malala Yousafzai. They fought for their freedoms and stood up for their convictions against all the odds. Few more women such as Kalpana Chawla, Sania Mirza, Saina Nehwal, Indra Nooyi, etc. are the examples in the history of India, who broke down all the obstacles in their routes to progress and impact.
Women empowerment in the nation encourages equality between women and men and supports women by allowing them with power and courage to be the decision-maker of their individual life. Women’s empowerment in India has achieved power with the support of women’s welfare organizations by giving them all the required support.
The previous article dealt in detail with immunoglobulin and how they help in phagocytosis. This article is about the types of immunoglobulins, their functions.
The types of immunoglobulins are based on the types of light and heavy chains. There are two types of light chains namely the kappa and the lambda. An immunoglobulin contains either kappa (K-K) or lambda (L-L) but does not have a mixture of both (K-L not possible). About 60% of the immunoglobulins in humans have kappa chains.
So, the classes of immunoglobulins are based on the heavy chain. So based on this condition, there are five classes of immunoglobulins namely:-
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) – gamma
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) – mu
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) – alpha
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) – delta
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) – epsilon
These immunoglobulins have certain configurations and play different roles in the human body. The immunoglobulin G is present the most. It constitutes about 80% of the total immunoglobulin. These are mostly present in the blood, plasma, and other body fluids. This immunoglobulin has the lowest carbohydrate content when compared to the rest. This immunoglobulin has a half-life of 23 days which is the longest of all. Some of the unique features and functions of this immunoglobulin:-
This is the only immunoglobulin which can cross the placenta (this is a unique feature because this immunoglobulin provides immunity to the foetus inside the womb and also after birth for some months. Presence of others may indicate infection)
This helps in killing bacteria and viruses by opsonisation (the process of covering the pathogen with a protein coat such that the pathogens become more presentable to the immune cells)
Neutralize toxins
Activate complement by classical pathway (The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen’s cell membrane)
Unique catabolism (breaking down of molecules) based on concentration
There are four sub classes (G1, G2, G3 and G4) out of which 1,3 and 4 cross the placenta and offer immunity
Also involves in the Rh immunization (there are two types’ Rh+ve and Rh-ve based on the presence of Rh factor in blood). The mother being Rh+ve and child the opposite is not a problem in the first pregnancy but can be fatal in second, killing the foetus.
The immunoglobulin M constitutes about 5-10% of total proteins. This is a pentamer structure with a J chain. This weighs about 900000-1000000 and is the heaviest of all. They have 5 days of half-life. Some of its features-
Presence in newborn indicate congenital infection as they don’t cross placenta
Short lived, so their presence indicates recent infection
First Ig to participate in primary response
Opsonisation
classical pathway
bacteria agglutination
Play an important role in ABO blood grouping (discovered by Landsteiner). There are 8 types of blood groups based on antigen, antibody and Rh factor
Immunoglobulin A is also known as the secretory immunoglobulin and is mostly present in body secretions (tear, saliva, sebum, mucous, and milk) in which they are dimer and are monomer in blood. They constitute 10-15% of the proteins. They also have a J chain and secretory piece. Their half-life is 6-8 days.
The secretory piece protects the Ig from enzymes and juices
Complement activation by alternate pathway
Promote phagocytosis
Intracellular microorganism killing
First line of defense against some microbes
Immunoglobulin E is a dimer similar to IgG. This is present in low concentrations (about 0.3) and has the weight of about 1,90,000. These have a half-life of about 2 days and can become inactivated at 56 C.
Present extra-cellularly
Associated with allergic reactions like asthma, hay fever and anaphylactic shock
Bind with the Fc of mast cells and basophils resulting in degranulation and release histamine which causes allergy
Mediate the some immunity reactions
No complement activation
Provide immunity against helminthes
The last is immunoglobulin D. It is present in low concentrations and on the surface of B lymphocytes. They constitute 0.2% of proteins. They have a half-life of 3 days. The IgM and IgD bind on the B lymphocyte to help in antigen identification.
Hence these were the different types of immunoglobulins and the mechanisms by which they help with immunity. The next article is about the process of inflammation.
The previous article dealt in detail with immunoglobulin and how they help in phagocytosis. This article is about the types of immunoglobulins, their functions.
The types of immunoglobulins are based on the types of light and heavy chains. There are two types of light chains namely the kappa and the lambda. An immunoglobulin contains either kappa (K-K) or lambda (L-L) but does not have a mixture of both (K-L not possible). About 60% of the immunoglobulins in humans have kappa chains.
So, the classes of immunoglobulins are based on the heavy chain. So based on this condition, there are five classes of immunoglobulins namely:-
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) – gamma
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) – mu
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) – alpha
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) – delta
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) – epsilon
These immunoglobulins have certain configurations and play different roles in the human body. The immunoglobulin G is present the most. It constitutes about 80% of the total immunoglobulin. These are mostly present in the blood, plasma, and other body fluids. This immunoglobulin has the lowest carbohydrate content when compared to the rest. This immunoglobulin has a half-life of 23 days which is the longest of all. Some of the unique features and functions of this immunoglobulin:-
This is the only immunoglobulin which can cross the placenta (this is a unique feature because this immunoglobulin provides immunity to the foetus inside the womb and also after birth for some months. Presence of others may indicate infection)
This helps in killing bacteria and viruses by opsonisation (the process of covering the pathogen with a protein coat such that the pathogens become more presentable to the immune cells)
Neutralize toxins
Activate complement by classical pathway (The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen’s cell membrane)
Unique catabolism (breaking down of molecules) based on concentration
There are four sub classes (G1, G2, G3 and G4) out of which 1,3 and 4 cross the placenta and offer immunity
Also involves in the Rh immunization (there are two types’ Rh+ve and Rh-ve based on the presence of Rh factor in blood). The mother being Rh+ve and child the opposite is not a problem in the first pregnancy but can be fatal in second, killing the foetus.
The immunoglobulin M constitutes about 5-10% of total proteins. This is a pentamer structure with a J chain. This weighs about 900000-1000000 and is the heaviest of all. They have 5 days of half-life. Some of its features-
Presence in newborn indicate congenital infection as they don’t cross placenta
Short lived, so their presence indicates recent infection
First Ig to participate in primary response
Opsonisation
classical pathway
bacteria agglutination
Play an important role in ABO blood grouping (discovered by Landsteiner). There are 8 types of blood groups based on antigen, antibody and Rh factor
Immunoglobulin A is also known as the secretory immunoglobulin and is mostly present in body secretions (tear, saliva, sebum, mucous, and milk) in which they are dimer and are monomer in blood. They constitute 10-15% of the proteins. They also have a J chain and secretory piece. Their half-life is 6-8 days.
The secretory piece protects the Ig from enzymes and juices
Complement activation by alternate pathway
Promote phagocytosis
Intracellular microorganism killing
First line of defense against some microbes
Immunoglobulin E is a dimer similar to IgG. This is present in low concentrations (about 0.3) and has the weight of about 1,90,000. These have a half-life of about 2 days and can become inactivated at 56 C.
Present extra-cellularly
Associated with allergic reactions like asthma, hay fever and anaphylactic shock
Bind with the Fc of mast cells and basophils resulting in degranulation and release histamine which causes allergy
Mediate the some immunity reactions
No complement activation
Provide immunity against helminthes
The last is immunoglobulin D. It is present in low concentrations and on the surface of B lymphocytes. They constitute 0.2% of proteins. They have a half-life of 3 days. The IgM and IgD bind on the B lymphocyte to help in antigen identification.
Hence these were the different types of immunoglobulins and the mechanisms by which they help with immunity. The next article is about the process of inflammation.
The previous article was about the different types of immune cells. This article is about a special molecule in immunity known as immunoglobulin.
There might be a question that what is so special about this immunoglobulin. There is a reason for this. These molecules play an important and inevitable role in the phagocytosis of pathogens. To understand this, it is essential to know about immunoglobulins.
The immunoglobulin is a gamma globulin, a specialized group of proteins (glycoprotein) produced in response to pathogens. It is produced by the plasma cells (a globulin protein present in the plasma). These constitute 25-30% of the blood proteins.
There are two important terms that are more commonly known by the most, they are the antigen and the antibody. The antigen is the molecule present on the surface of the pathogen and can stimulate an immune response. There is a small part of the antigen called the epitope which interacts with the antibody. The epitope is known as the antigen determinant site. An antigen can have unlimited epitopes.
On the contrary, the antibody is the molecule produced in response to the antigen in order to kick it away. The part of the antibody which interacts with the antigen is called a paratope. An antibody must have at least 2 paratopes. These antibodies belong to the immunoglobulins. All antibodies are immunoglobulins but not immunoglobulins are antibodies. To understand how the antibody helps in immunity, it is essential to understand the structure of an antibody/immunoglobulin. The image below shows the general structure of an immunoglobulin:-
There are two chains in an immunoglobulin namely the light chain and heavy chain. The light chain has 212 amino acids (the building block of protein) and the heavy chain has 450 amino acids. Each chain has two types namely the constant and variable. These regions are based on the amino acid sequences. Half of the light chain (1 out of 2) is constant and the rest is variable. A quarter of the heavy chain (1 out of 4) is variable and the rest is constant. These are linked by two types of sulfide bonds namely the intra (H-H AND L-L) and inter (H-L). These molecules contain carbohydrates (CHO) hence these are called as glycoproteins.
The tip of the variable regions of the heavy and light chain is hypervariable in nature and these constitute the antigen-binding site (Fab). These are hyper-variable because they have to produce amino acid sequences complementary to that of the antigen so that they can interact together. The other site is called a crystallizable region (Fc).
Having known all this, now it will be convenient to explain the process by which the antibody plays in the prevention of infections.
There are millions of substances that pass through the blood every day. So there must be a criterion/substance to identify them whether they are pathogenic. This is where antigen comes to play. These antigens present on the surface of the pathogens alert the immune system which then identifies this as a pathogen. So in response to the antigen, a suitable antibody is secreted and deployed to the target site. On reaching the antigen, the Fab region binds with the antigen.
The ultimate aim of the immune system is to abolish the pathogen and one way is by phagocytosing them. This is done by the macrophages. But it is essential for them to identify the substance before engulfing it. This is where the antibody comes to play. The Fc region of the antibody combines with the receptor of the macrophage. This facilitates the process of phagocytosis.
Hence the antibody acts like a bridge between the source (antigen) and the destination (macrophage) aiding in phagocytosis. This is essential because in most of the cases the macrophages, it is difficult to identify the non-self-objects and this is where antibody helps.
In the case of the new pathogen, the antigen is new, and therefore their might not be a suitable antibody. In that case, the macrophage cannot phagocytocise the pathogen and it reigns in the body causing infection and disease.
The next article is about the types of immunoglobulins.
The outburst of COVID 19 became a challenge to Indian economy by the potential downfall in the GDP. However, the second wave was much severe when compared to the first which made a downside risk to the economic activity due to National level lockdown. Several segments like manufacturing, small scale, Information technology, small unions are lost in the pandemic. The supply chain management with the global economy along with the procurement was drastically affected. The immensity of the impact is directly proportional to the health crisis and duration of the lockdown. In this the analysis had been done on the affected segments and the Government concentrations of lockdown to increase the capital expenditure and to implement the structured reforms as well.
CHANGES
There are several sectors which are impacted by the COVID-19 and the chances of their revival are not in the near future. Their profitability is continuously decreasing and fixed cost is intact. Like media and entertainment industry; all multiplexes are closed and people do not want to visit the multiplexes in the near future. Many organizations have taken loan from the commercial banks and other financial institutions. They have to pay interest on the loan despite of poor financial position.
Increase in the income provisions for the supportive measures of the rural and urban population The productive way is to increase recovery rate by emergency approval of the foreign vaccines when the demand for the vaccines increases in India. The Government and the RBI need to keep interest rate low despite borrowing on policy basis. The Success of the borrowing program depends on RBI support, by providing indirect liquidity which is really big as this is pandemic. But the liquidity expansions has its own limits.
FORECOMING CHALLENGES
The sectors like construction, trade and transport, hotel, mining, quarrying sectors and some other services are having a strong base effect on the challenging recovery part. These kind of hard situation are monitored clearly and the demand for those kind of sectors are faltering due to the crisis which would become more aggressive and would be the most unavoidable once for the upcoming years. The country’s long term goal is affected badly and the performance needed to with held by hard efforts for the further improved output.
The previous article was about the different types of immune cells. This article is about a special molecule in immunity known as immunoglobulin.
There might be a question that what is so special about this immunoglobulin. There is a reason for this. These molecules play an important and inevitable role in the phagocytosis of pathogens. To understand this, it is essential to know about immunoglobulins.
The immunoglobulin is a gamma globulin, a specialized group of proteins (glycoprotein) produced in response to pathogens. It is produced by the plasma cells (a globulin protein present in the plasma). These constitute 25-30% of the blood proteins.
There are two important terms that are more commonly known by the most, they are the antigen and the antibody. The antigen is the molecule present on the surface of the pathogen and can stimulate an immune response. There is a small part of the antigen called the epitope which interacts with the antibody. The epitope is known as the antigen determinant site. An antigen can have unlimited epitopes.
On the contrary, the antibody is the molecule produced in response to the antigen in order to kick it away. The part of the antibody which interacts with the antigen is called a paratope. An antibody must have at least 2 paratopes. These antibodies belong to the immunoglobulins. All antibodies are immunoglobulins but not immunoglobulins are antibodies. To understand how the antibody helps in immunity, it is essential to understand the structure of an antibody/immunoglobulin. The image below shows the general structure of an immunoglobulin:-
There are two chains in an immunoglobulin namely the light chain and heavy chain. The light chain has 212 amino acids (the building block of protein) and the heavy chain has 450 amino acids. Each chain has two types namely the constant and variable. These regions are based on the amino acid sequences. Half of the light chain (1 out of 2) is constant and the rest is variable. A quarter of the heavy chain (1 out of 4) is variable and the rest is constant. These are linked by two types of sulfide bonds namely the intra (H-H AND L-L) and inter (H-L). These molecules contain carbohydrates (CHO) hence these are called as glycoproteins.
The tip of the variable regions of the heavy and light chain is hypervariable in nature and these constitute the antigen-binding site (Fab). These are hyper-variable because they have to produce amino acid sequences complementary to that of the antigen so that they can interact together. The other site is called a crystallizable region (Fc).
Having known all this, now it will be convenient to explain the process by which the antibody plays in the prevention of infections.
There are millions of substances that pass through the blood every day. So there must be a criterion/substance to identify them whether they are pathogenic. This is where antigen comes to play. These antigens present on the surface of the pathogens alert the immune system which then identifies this as a pathogen. So in response to the antigen, a suitable antibody is secreted and deployed to the target site. On reaching the antigen, the Fab region binds with the antigen.
The ultimate aim of the immune system is to abolish the pathogen and one way is by phagocytosing them. This is done by the macrophages. But it is essential for them to identify the substance before engulfing it. This is where the antibody comes to play. The Fc region of the antibody combines with the receptor of the macrophage. This facilitates the process of phagocytosis.
Hence the antibody acts like a bridge between the source (antigen) and the destination (macrophage) aiding in phagocytosis. This is essential because in most of the cases the macrophages, it is difficult to identify the non-self-objects and this is where antibody helps.
In the case of the new pathogen, the antigen is new, and therefore their might not be a suitable antibody. In that case, the macrophage cannot phagocytocise the pathogen and it reigns in the body causing infection and disease.
The next article is about the types of immunoglobulins.
As good as modern medical technology is, it can never save you from the problems caused by a life style that is unhealthy. Instead of getting a modern medical fix for every problem, it is far better to live in such a way that you will hardly ever fall ill.
An ounce of prevention is certainly better than a pound of cure. Here are seven tips on how to live a long and healthy life. In addition, the same life style that helps you to avoid illness also helps you to lose weight.
1. Get Enough Exercise
In the past people had to use their physical bodies in the course of their normal work. But today someone may get up, go to work in a car, then sit down, get up to go home in the car and when arriving at home, sit down again for the rest of the day. In such a life there is no physical labor. This physical inactivity is one of the main reasons for a host of diseases. Sport, running. walking and other things must be added to our life if our normal work does not require us to exert ourselves physically. I
2. Go to sleep when you feel sleepy
This may sound simple, but many people stay up late even when their body is telling them that it is time to sleep. Yoga and Ayurvedic doctors also say that it is better to sleep in the night and be active during the day. However, people such as students will take coffee and stimulants to study late into the night. Others develop the habit of remaining active at night and sleeping during the day. While we can do this, it eventually takes a toll on health. Alternative health doctors say that this kind of unnatural living is one of the contributing factors in the causation of cancer and other diseases
3. Eat when you feel hungry
This is also a simple idea, but once again we often go against the messages of the body. If you eat out of habit or due to social pressure at certain time of the day, even when you have no real appetite, then you will not digest your food properly. Acidity and indigestion begin, and this contributes to the likelihood of other more complex diseases taking root. Having an appetite is actually a sign of good health, but if you have no appetite you should wait a bit and then eat. (If you have no appetite even after awaiting a reasonable amount of time, then you should consult a doctor because something is wrong.)
4.Fast on a Regular, Systematic Basis
If you would ask any person to work 365 days per year without any rest, they would complain and say that they must have some rest or else they will break down. But we have never bothered to ask or to think about our digestive organs which we compel to work day after day without a rest. They cannot protest the way a person would to his boss, but they do give us signals that they cannot work non-stop. When we ignore those signals and still compel them to work, those organs break down. That is why periodic fasting is necessary. Refrain from eating for one complete day. This gives a rest to your digestive organs and also helps in the elimination of wastes from your body. Regular fasting allows a person to gain extra time for intellectual or spiritual pursuits. Fasting is not for hermits in a cave, but is a sensible practice that anyone can practice.
5. Wash with cool water before going to bed
As mentioned above, proper sleep is essential for the maintenance of health. If you wash your important motor and sensory organs (hands, arms, eyes, legs, mouth, genitals) before sleep using cool water, this will relax you and prepare you for deep sleep.
6. Perform meditation on a regular basis
Your body is linked to your mind. Many of the diseases of this era are psychosomatic. Stress and anxiety take their toll on our physical health. Meditation is a mental exercise which, among other things, allows you to detach yourself from the worries of life. Learn a simple technique and do it regularly.
7. Get up early every day
Once again the old proverb, “Early to bed, early to rise makes a person healthy, wealthy and wise.” I don’t know if it will make you wealthy, but it will certainly make you healthy. Your body needs just enough sleep, not too much and not too little.
Baby Driver is some of the most fun I had watching a big summer blockbuster movie since John Wick. Edgar Wright is able to craft a riveting storyline that actually makes sense and conveys this narrative in an extremely stylish and exciting manner. First of all, Edgar Wright is one of the few people working in Hollywood today who knows how to helm an action sequence. On top of the action being extremely well directed with minimal cuts and long takes, everyone single action scene is well choreographed to match the music in the background, which still bemuses me of how good it is. The movie is also extremely fast-paced and you never really get bored throughout this movie.
Another thing that Edgar Wright did so well is developing the characters and their motivations. As I have already said, this movie is extremely fast-paced but Edgar Wright clever utilizes this short time to add more depth to the characters. At times you could definitely tell where the movie is headed to but the way it gets there is always very interesting and actually makes the movie unpredictable. The last thing I would like to praise the movie for is the use of practical effects, namely in its car chasing sequences. You could tell that there was a lot of effort put into all of the car’s chase sequences and the movie uses amazing camera work to follow the car to make it feel more realistic and immersive.
Though there is a lot I liked about this movie I definitely do not think that this is a flawless masterpiece. Most of the issues stem from the relationship between Baby and Debora. Debora is a character that is extremely thinly crafted and acts and behaves in a certain just to drive the plot along. The same can also be said about Kevin Spacey’s character who to just completely flips character during the third act of the film.
Korean television series are made in South Korea. The first Korean series was published by Korean Broadcasting System in 1962. Korean drama divides into different categories such as historical dramas, school dramas, action dramas, legal dramas, or horror comedies. Most of the series focusing on romance, family values, friendship, and deeply emotional stories. But nowadays, this industry releases social issues based on Korean drama like gender inequality, suicide and corruption, and many more.
Unique features of Korean drama
Its unique storylines make Korean drama the best in the world. Korean series is creative and full of twists, that maintain secrecy in the story. Modern series generally contain 12 to 24 episodes of 60 minutes each. But in the case of historical series, it rises to 200 episodes. All series are usually carried one season. Many Korean dramas are shot within a compact timetable. Its screenplays are changing frequently depending on the viewer’s feedback. A single director and a single screenwriter are involved in making a series that distinguish Korean drama from other television series. Korean drama is produced by television channels. The first four episodes were shot in advance and the rest episodes are shot one by one after the four-episode was released.
Broadcast Platforms
Its broadcast time is scheduled between 22:00 to 23:00. Most of the Korean drama aired on the Total Variety Network(TVN), Orion Cinema Network(OCN), Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation(MBC), Seoul Broadcasting System(SBS), Korean Broadcasting System(KBS). The evening slot is fixed for daily drama between 19:00 to 20:00. With the rise in popularity of Korean series internationally, many streaming platforms are run Korean drama like Amazon Prime, Asian Crush, Netflix, We TV, Hulu, VIU, Iflix, Kocowa, etc.
Why Korean Drama is popular?
Eccentric Story
It is popular internationally day by day due to the scripts are well written. They use kissing scenes with so much importance. The Korean series characters are outstandingly realistic that every viewer feels the same emotion and vibe which the actors are portraying on the screen. Korean series has a limited number of episodes, so a viewer can never bore. The storylines make the viewer connected till the end. Rich guy poor girl romance and their parents are against that, these types of plots are very famous among the young generation nowadays. Korean drama is so well constructed and structured that every young generation expects Korean romance in real life. It is the impact of the best story, screenplay, and brilliant acting. Korean love stories are the best cute love story in the world. It is not like the other stories that are full of actions, it depicts the bonding with each other.
Fresh Sound Track
Original Sound Track is specially made for each series. Those soundtracks are from EXO, TWICE, BLACKPINK, BTS, etc.
Ethics
Korean drama shows the values in compared to other dramas like respecting elders, polite to everyone. Korean cultures are famous worldwide for their unique presence of characters on screen. Korean dramas are shot with the beautiful locations and sites of Korea.
Family Show
Korean series is family-friendly. You can never feel bad while watching with family members and elders. Its series is rarely adult content or using any abusive language.
Fashion and Beauty
Korean fashion is now a trend all over the world. Korean actors and actresses always look simple, stylish, and fashionable. Their outfits are distinguishing from others. Their dressing sense makes them more cute and classy. They counted as trendy people in the world. Korean actor’s and actresses’ beauty standards are very high and attractive.
Looking for resources to read eBooks during this lock down period? Here are some great open libraries you can find online for free books to read.
Reading is definitely one of the greatest pleasures of life. Online libraries are currently attracting a lot of eyes, especially with most of the countries under lock down because of a massive outbreak of a deadly virus, which is affecting more and more people with each passing day. Ever wondered how these online libraries work? It is pretty simple and not so different from traditional libraries. These online libraries have a collection of books and reading materials from different publications in electronic formats, which can be accessed easily. Most of these open online libraries require you to sign up, look for the desired book or source or material and lets you download it or read it online.
To help you curb your boredom and get access to books from the comforts of your home, during this lock down period, we have a list of our top picks for online libraries that you can access with a simple click.
Project Gutenburg
A volunteer effort to preserve and archive important cultural works and digitize them for being available online, Project Gutenburg works for encouraging the preservation, creation and also, distribution of eBooks on an online platform. Majority of the sources that you will find here in the collection are complete texts from public domain books. Now offering more than 59,000 eBooks online for free, Project Gutenburg can be used and accessed from any of your devices.
Questia
Questia is a great source of research and paper writing projects which is available online. It has helped many students with citation from high standard scholarly articles and research paper to use for their own research. You can find a wide of range of papers on subjects related to humanities and social sciences and it provides you with the complete sources and resources you need to fulfill your coursework or project.
Read Print
Read Print is another online open library which provides thousands of eBooks archives for reading enthusiasts, students, teachers and everyone else. It enables the readers and users to choose from a collection of over 8000 books and also lets the readers make their own bookshelves with their personal ratings and reviews and also form reading groups with people having interests similar to theirs. It was also on the list of TIME Magazine’s 50 best websites in the year 2010.
Open Library
Open Library is an online project that intends to create a web page for every book that was ever published, giving the readers access to several public domains and many out of print books. Their main aim is to let people have access to all the published works of people available to anyone and everyone around the world. It is an initiative by Internet Archive, a non profit organization, which is also #7 on our list of top open libraries online.
Classic Reader
From Shakespeare to Austen and Dickens to Edgar Allen Poe, Classic Reader online library offers you with a wide range of thousands of classics of literature including poems, plays, dramas and short stories. You can not only find and read your favourite classics and short stories, but also you can add your own annotations to the books available online on classicreader.com.
The Literature Network
The Literature Network, as the name suggests, provides students as well as other reading enthusiasts with a range of 3500 literature books available online. To start finding the piece of literature you want, you can begin to search through the author index. They also have a large collection of short stories at your disposal, a quiz system featuring more than 300 quizzes and database of quotes and quotations which has about 9000 quote available. You can also join Literature forums and ask questions, which can be answered by anyone from the thousands of members who are part of this network.
Internet Archive
Internet Archive is a non profit organization, which is available for free of cost and provides the readers and users with an extensive range of much more beyond just books. You can find music, movies, sources, websites, software and much more. It provides people with access to a massive database of free information that is available online by catering to millions of people every day and is also considered to be one of the top 300 websites around the world.
The Online Books Page
The Online Books Page, as the name, is a website that gives the readers access to a variety of books that are available to be read freely, on the internet. It focuses on developing eBooks and online reading resources for the benefit of all people. Their long list of available resources and books is completely free and can be used for non commercial purposes. It has a collection of over 2 million sources and works, available to the readers in various media formats.
Classic Bookshelf
With a simple web page format and a reading app, Classic Bookshelf brings to you a collection of hundreds of classics and timeless wonders of literature across decades, available online with easy access. You can also take reference from its ratings and reviews to find the most popular books at regular intervals.
Chest of Books
The Chest of Books website has put in great effort in converting texts into eBooks and carefully proofreading and scanning them for the benefit and pleasure of the readers and the website users. It presents you with a variety of online books available from different fields or topics such as Art, Finance, Health, Business and many more.
We hope that this list of our top picks come handy to all reading enthusiasts and help their life in this lock down a little better. Do let us know if we missed out any online libraries from the list, or if you would like to review any of these that you may have used before!
The rules are simple: choose the most significant moments from your relationship – one for each hour in the day.
You’d probably pick when you first met, right? And the instant you knew for sure it was love? Maybe even the time you watched the sunrise after your first night together?
But what about the car journey on the holiday where everything started to go wrong? Or your first proper fight?
Or that time you lied about where you’d been?
It’s a once in a lifetime chance to learn the truth.
But if you had to be completely honest with the one you love, would you still play?
For Esme and Tom, the game is about to begin. But once they start, there’s no going back . . .
Review
Our Life in a Day is the debut novel from Jamie Fewery, and the story of Tom and Esme. The night before they are due to go away for their anniversary Esme challenges Tom to pick important moments from their relationship that relate to each hour of the day. The book takes us on the journey of their relationship, the good and the bad, as we are voyeurs to their most private moments. This is such a beautiful book, in regard to the writing and the plot line, and was such a pleasure to read.
What I really enjoy about this book was the honesty the author employed in terms of the relationship; it wasn’t all hearts and flowers and wonderful memories, there were some incredibly sad and tense moments. In life it is the rough and the smooth that makes real relationships and Tom’s most significant moments certainly encompassed that. Yes, there are the romantic parts, the night they met, their first Christmas together, but there were also the arguments in the car on the way to their first anniversary away, the disastrous camping trip etc. One important thread that ran through these memories for Tom was his inability, or avoidance, of telling Esme about his past with depression. This secret, that comes up at several points, is always lurking in the background and as we all know huge secrets like that have a habit at coming out when least expected.
As characters, I loved Esme and Tom, they came from very different backgrounds, and represented the hope and fear we all have in starting new relationships. Esme is an independent character, with a great career, but in terms of relationships she doesn’t want marriage. Tom is a musician, we learn he went to university but left early, and has fantastic friends who are there to look out for him after an unknown event (revealed later in the book). Tom’s battle with depression is very topical with a lot of attention being on mental health issues especially in young men. Tom is obviously ashamed by his depression as he doesn’t want to discuss it or let Esme find out. Jamie Fewery’s writing on this subject is very compassionate, and he deals with the subject with great sensitivity and understanding.
One Day in a Life is an honest and heartfelt look at the dynamics in relationships. It certainly isn’t a slushy sentimental read; it has some difficult moments but there are also some humorous memories. The writing of the characters and story drew me straight in with the feeling of intimacy in relation to the characters and the easy flow of the plot line; it is hard to comprehend that this is Jamie Fewery’s debut novel. This is an emotional rollercoaster of a read that you won’t want to get off, a fabulous read!
I would like to thank Orion Books and Tracy Fenton for providing me with a copy of the book to read and review as part of the blog tour.
I have made it easier to leave comments on my posts so I look forward to reading your thoughts. Thank you for taking the time to read my review and for all follows and likes.
What does this mean? What are its implications? How its going to affect India among other nations?
If you’re a firm that makes tremendous profits year after year by moving money to low-tax jurisdictions, you’re in for some unpleasant news.
Gone are the days when you could produce a lot of money from both tangible and intangible sources, move your money from high-tax countries to low- or no-tax countries, and enjoy the numerous delights of money.
The finance ministers of the world’s seven richest and most affluent countries met in London to continue their ongoing conversation about the global problem of multinational firms evading taxes. The meeting resulted in the ministers agreeing to a minimum global company tax rate of at least 15% at the same table. “After years of discussion,G7 Finance Ministers have reached a historic agreement to reform the global tax system to make it for global digital age”. British finance minister Rishi Sunak told reporters when asked about the same. He expressed gratitude to all of his G7 counterparts for finally being able to reach a historic landmark agreement that would tackle the issue of profit shifting by various firms.
The idea of a global minimum corporate tax isn’t new; there have been discussions about it before, but it has only recently gained traction as one of the world’s major leaders, the United States of America, has been attempting to deal with massive amounts of tax evasion by large American corporations such as Facebook and Amazon,and in same context, US Secretary of the treasury Jane Yellen reiterated the positive implications of having this minimum corporate tax accepted globally. Furthermore, the Biden administration has increased the corporate tax rate from 21% to 28%, and with such high tax rates, multinational firms will seek to open headquarters in nations where they will have to spend much less, resulting in a significant revenue loss for the US.
What does it mean?
As the name implies, the global minimum corporate tax (GMCT) is a tax that will be imposed on businesses and corporations all over the world; no country will be able to keep its corporate tax rates below the suggested minimum of 15%. This is the bare minimum that all governments must adhere to; there is no upper limit to such levies.
Why is it being proposed?
Corporate taxes account for a significant portion of a country’s total revenue. A nation must ensure the social welfare of its residents, which necessitates the expenditure of funds to invest in infrastructure, which will in turn provide jobs for its citizens. It can raise the funds it requires through a variety of methods, including borrowing from international financial institutions and borrowing from the general public. The revenue obtained by the first two methods creates an obligation for the country, but there is no such responsibility in the case of taxes. It is for this reason that taxes are essential for any country to meet its obligations.
Big businesses earn a lot of money and are continually looking for methods to avoid paying higher taxes. If the countries in which they primarily operate impose greater taxes, they attempt to shift their profits to low-tax jurisdictions such as Ireland (12.5 percent tax rate), the Bahamas (0% tax rate), and so on. As a result, their home countries receive less money, while lower tax jurisdictions receive more. According to the Tax Justice Network, the US Treasury loses roughly $50 billion each year as a result of the massive amount of Base Erosion Shifting System. Germany and France are also among the top losers, according to the same analysis.
This concept of a global minimum corporate tax rate was proposed in order to force multinational corporations to pay taxes in the countries where their businesses operate. Having a global minimum tax will ensure that these large corporations do not engage in profit shifting and tax evasion strategies, as well as that they do not compromise on innovation and the use of newly created technologies.
How will it be implemented?
Assume there is a country A with a 15% effective corporate tax rate, i.e. the GMCT, and another country B with a 5% effective corporate tax rate. For a corporation operating in nation A, a tax rate of only 5% would be an appealing force, and it would strive to discover ways to shift its profits to country B in order to avoid paying higher taxes. Opening subsidiaries in another country is one technique for a country to move its earnings to another country. As a result, firm A will establish a subsidiary in Country B and transfer a significant portion of its profit from activities in Country A to Country B. Now, if the subsidiary makes a profit of 100 crores, it will only have to pay taxes of 5%, that is, 5 crores. Following the implementation of the worldwide minimum corporation tax rate, country A can reduce 5 percent (tax in country B) from 15 percent (tax in country A) and require the firm to pay the resulting tax at the rate of 15-5=10% to the home country.
What are its implications?
The proposed global minimum business tax has both favorable and unfavorable consequences. The following are some of the advantages:
Increased accountability of the global corporations.
Transparency in the system.
Increased employment opportunities in the traditional country.
Increased capital formation in the home country.
Reduced liabilities for a nation, liabilities created by internal and external borrowings.
Negative Implications:-
The investments made my these big multinational companies in lower tax countries are the major source of revenue of those nations. Implementing minimum tax rate would take away a major part of their revenue.
A number of employment opportunities are created by companies in poor countries, implementation of new tax regime will devoid them of such opportunities.
Foreign direct Investment(FDI) to poor countries will reduce, making it difficult for them to fulfill their import needs.
The problem of avoiding the payment of taxes by rampant exploitation of loopholes will still remain.
Tax collection is a sovereign right of any nation, that makes it more difficult for making all the nations agree on this
proposal.
What are the challenges in its implementation?
As already mentioned above, the profits that MNCs shift to lower tax jurisdictions result in creation of newer employment opportunities in such countries and this in turn ensure the welfare of its citizens. A number of poor countries don’t have enough resources to raise money for infrastructure development, the investments made by global companies provide them money to develop required infrastructure and to ensure the fulfillment of other requirements. Considering the importance of such investments in poor countries, its challenging to get them on board.
Countries such as Ireland, Bahamas, Bermuda and Caribbean nations have benefited to a large extent from the ongoing profit shifting system and its not easy to make all of them agree on foregoing a large amount of money.
Another global power apart from USA, i.e., China would also pose difficulty in its implementation as Hong-Kong is one of the major tax havens and generates money through foreign direct investments. Also, there is major trade war going on between China and USA and China would not so easily bend down to something proposed by US.
How it is going to affect India?
India too isn’t immune to the huge loss caused by the tax evasions of its corporations. According to Tax Justice Network, based in U.K., India loses $10.3 annually to the global tax abuse by multinational corporations. So, the implementation of proposed tax system would mean increased revenue for the government of India and reduction in huge borrowings done by the government.
According to a report brought out by Press Trust of India, the experts in tax domain believe that India will be most likely benefiting from the GMCT as the effective corporate tax rate in India is 22%, much less than the proposed minimum tax rate of 15% and so India will keep attracting the global companies to come and invest in the country. Also, according to Rakesh Nangia, the chairman of Nangia Andersen India, the major points of attraction in India for Big MNCs are its large internal market, quality labor at cheap rates, strategic locations for exports and a prospering private sector. So, overall, India won’t be much affected even if the implementation of global corporate minimum tax comes into force.
On the other hand, there are prevailing concerns in India that a lot of companies such as e-commerce ones have a “significant presence in India” but still do not pay taxes to the country. And for this only. the country advocated the idea of implementing ” equalization levy” in 2016. Post 2016, this concept of equalization levy has been extended to e-commerce companies as well. The levy aimed at taxing the income earned by such multinational companies who don’t have any permanent physical presence in India but generate huge amount of income from the country.
India has also signed a pact with US for the exchange of country by country report(cbc), through which if there is any US company operating in India through its subsidiaries, it would provide reports about its total revenue to US administration and US will in turn, provide the same to India so that India can tax the generated income according to its tax rates.
India has also implemented the Multilateral Convention to implement Tax Treaty related measures to prevent Base Erosion profit shifting and ratified the same.
India already has implemented above discussed reforms in order to ensure the payment of required taxes from global companies. Considering this, India need to be careful of not driving these companies away from India because of a large number of already existing regulations.
The landmark deal will be discussed once again in the presence of all the countries constituting the group of 20 (G-20) and based on those discussions, further implementation challenges will be worked upon.
Author : Dan Brown Publication date : April 2003 Pages : 689 (U.S. hardback) 489 (U.S. paperback)
The novel explores an alternative religious history, whose central plot point is that the Merovingian kings of France were descended from the bloodline of Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene, ideas derived from Clive Prince’s The Templar Revelation (1997) and books by Margaret Starbird. The book also refers to The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail (1982) though Dan Brown has stated that it was not used as research material.
Characters
Robert Langdon: A professor of symbology at Harvard University and the protagonist of the novel.
Jacques Saunière: The grandmaster of priory of Sion, Curator of Louvre Museum and primary antogonist of the novel.
Sophie Neveu: A Cryptologist of French police and granddaughter of Saunière.
Bezu Fache: A member of Opus dei and a French police.
Silas The monk: A member of Opus dei who murders Saunière.
Manuel Aringarosa: A bishop of Vatican and member of Opus dei.
Sister Sandrine: A Seneschal of priory of Sion and sister of St. Sulpice.
André Vernet: A guard of Zurich bank.
Sir Leigh Teabing The Teacher: A Grail scholar, living in Paris and secondary antogonist of the novel.
Rémy Legaludec: A maid who assist Teabing.
Jérôme Collet: A French police.
Marie Chauvel Saint-Clair: Sophie’s grandmother and Saunière’s wife.
Summary
In the Louvre, a monk of Opus Dei named Silas apprehends Jacques Saunière, the museum’s curator, and demands to know where the Holy Grail is. After Saunière tells him, Silas shoots him and leaves him to die. However, Saunière has lied to Silas about the Grail’s location. Realizing that he has only a few minutes to live and that he must pass on his important secret, Saunière paints a pentacle on his stomach with his own blood, draws a circle with his blood, and drags himself into the center of the circle, re-creating the position of Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man. He also leaves a code, a line of numbers, and two lines of text on the ground in invisible ink.
A police detective, Jerome Collet, calls Robert Langdon, the story’s protagonist and a professor of symbology, and asks him to come to the Louvre to try to interpret the scene. Langdon does not yet realize that he himself is suspected of the murder.
After murdering Saunière, Silas calls the “Teacher” and tells him that, according to Saunière, the keystone is in the Church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris. The Teacher sends Silas there. Silas follows Saunière’s clues to the keystone’s location and discovers that he has been tricked. In a fit of rage, he kills Sister Sandrine Bieil, the church’s keeper and a sentry for the Priory of Sion. At the Louvre, Langdon meets Jerome Collet and Bezu Fache, the police captain, and realizes that the two policemen suspect him of the murder.
Sophie Neveu, an agent of the department of cryptology and Saunière’s granddaughter, arrives at the crime scene and tells Langdon that he must call the embassy. When Langdon calls the number Sophie gave him, he reaches her answering service. The message warns Langdon that he is in danger and should meet Sophie in the bathroom at the Louvre.
In the bathroom, Sophie shows Langdon that Fache is noting his movements with a tracking device. She throws the device out the window onto a passing truck, tricking the police into thinking that Langdon has escaped from the Louvre.
Sophie also tells Langdon that the last line in the secret message, “P.S. Find Robert Langdon,” was her grandfather’s way of alerting her: P.S. are the initials of her grandfather’s nickname for her, Princesse Sophie. Langdon thinks that P.S. might stand for Priory of Sion, an ancient brotherhood devoted to the preservation of the pagan goddess worship tradition, and to the maintenance of the secret that Saunière died protecting.
Langdon decodes the second and third lines in Saunière’s message: “Leonardo Da Vinci! The Mona Lisa!” Sophie returns to the paintings to look for another clue. The police have returned to the Louvre as well, and they arrest Langdon. Sophie finds a key behind the Madonna of the Rocks. By using the painting as a hostage, she manages to disarm the police officer and get herself and Langdon out of the building.
As Sophie and Langdon drive toward the Swiss bank identified on the back of the key, Langdon explains the history of the Priory of Sion and their armed force, the Knights Templar. He reveals that the Priory protects secret documents known as the Sangreal, or the Holy Grail. Langdon’s latest manuscript is about this very subject.
When Sophie and Langdon enter the bank, an unnamed security guard realizes that they are fugitives and calls the police, but André Vernet, the bank’s manager and a friend of Saunière’s, recognizes Sophie and helps her and Langdon escape. Sophie and Langdon figure out that the number left near Saunière’s body must be the account number that will open the vault. When they open the vault they find a cryptex, a message delivery device designed by Da Vinci and crafted by Saunière. The cryptex can only be opened with a password.
Vernet successfully smuggles Sophie and Langdon past Collet in the back of a locked armored car. Vernet turns on them, but they manage to get away with the cryptex, which Langdon realizes is actually the Priory keystone—that is, the key to all of the secrets the Priory holds about the location of the Holy Grail.
Langdon and Sophie go to the house of Sir Leigh Teabing, a historian, to ask for his help opening the box. Teabing tells them the legend of the Grail, starting with the historical evidence that the Bible didn’t come straight from God but was compiled by Emperor Constantine. He also cites evidence that Jesus’ divinity was decided by a vote at Nicaea, and that Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene, who was of royal blood, and had children by her. Teabing shows them the hidden symbols in The Last Supper and the painted representation of the Magdalene. He tells them that the Holy Grail is actually Mary Magdalene’s body and the documents that prove Mary’s blood line is related to Jesus. He says he thinks Saunière and the others may have been killed because the Church suspected that the Priory was about to unveil this secret.
As Langdon is showing off the cryptex, Silas appears and hits him over the head. Silas holds Sophie and Teabing at gunpoint and demands the keystone, but Teabing attacks Silas, hitting him on the thigh where his punishment belt is located, and Sophie finishes him off by kicking him in the face. They tie Silas up.
Collet arrives at the castle, but Sophie, Langdon, the bound Silas, Teabing, and his servant, Rémy, escape and board Teabing’s private plane to England. Sophie realizes that the writing on the cryptex is decipherable if viewed in a mirror. They come to understand the poem, which refers to “a headstone praised by Templars” and the “Atbash cipher,” which will help them arrive at the password. Langdon remembers that the Knights Templar supposedly worshipped the god Baphomet, who is sometimes represented by a large stone head. The word, unscrambled by the Atbash Cipher, is Sofia. When they open the cryptex, however, they find only another cryptex, this one with a clue about a tomb where a knight was buried by a pope. They must find the orb that should have been on the knight’s tomb.
Fache realizes that Teabing and the rest of them are in the jet. He calls the British police and asks them to surround the airfield, but Teabing tricks the police into believing that there is nobody inside the plane but himself. Then he goes with Sophie, Langdon, Rémy, and Silas to the Temple Church in London, the burial site of knights that the Pope had killed.
Rémy frees Silas and reveals that he, too, follows the Teacher. Silas goes to the church to get the keystone, but when he tries to force Langdon to give it up, Langdon threatens to break it. Rémy intervenes, taking Teabing hostage and thus forcing Langdon to give up the cryptex.
Meanwhile, Collet and his men look through Teabing’s house and become suspicious when they find that he has been monitoring Saunière. Over the phone, the Teacher instructs Silas to let Rémy deliver the cryptex. The Teacher meets Rémy in the park and kills him. The Teacher calls the police and turns Silas in to the authorities. As Silas tries to escape, he is shot, and he accidentally shoots his idol, Bishop Aringarosa.
Silas takes Bishop Aringarosa to the hospital and staggers into a park, where he dies. In the hospital the next day, Aringarosa bitterly reflects that Teabing tricked him into helping with his murderous plan by claiming that if the Bishop delivered the Grail to him, he would help the Opus Dei regain favor with the Church.
Sophie’s and Langdon’s research leads them to the discovery that Sir Isaac Newton is the knight they are looking for, the one buried by a Pope, because they learn he was buried by Alexander Pope. They go to Westminster Abbey, where Newton is buried. There, the Teacher lures them to the garden with a note saying he has Teabing. They go there only to discover that Teabing himself is the Teacher. Teabing suspected that Saunière had decided not to release the secret of the Priory of Sion, because the Church threatened to kill Sophie if the secret was released. Wanting the secret to be public knowledge, he had decided to find the Grail himself.
Teabing gives Langdon the cryptex and asks Langdon and Sophie to help him open it. Langdon figures out that the password is apple—the orb missing from Newton’s tomb. He opens the cryptex and secretly takes out the papyrus. Then he throws the empty cryptex in the air, causing Teabing to drop his pistol as he attempts to catch it and prevent the map inside from being destroyed. Suddenly, Fache bursts into the room and arrests Teabing.
The papyrus inside the second cryptex directs Sophie and Langdon to Scotland, where Sophie finds her brother and her grandmother. During the reunion, she discovers that her family is, indeed, of the bloodline of Jesus and Mary Magdalene. Sophie and Langdon part, promising to meet in Florence in a month. Back in Paris, Langdon comprehends the poem, which leads him to the small pyramid built into the ground in the Louvre, where he is sure the Grail must be hidden
Review
The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown was a wonderful book. At several points in the book I found myself wondering what the next twist would be. The Da Vinci Code is about a symbologist named Robert Langdon.
I enjoyed how the author tied symbology into his novel. I learned things that I was not expecting to in a way that did not feel like I was in a class. I also feel that the action-packed novel kept me engaged with the characters. I often found myself sitting on the edge of my seat waiting for the next piece of the puzzle to be revealed. I highly recommend The Da Vinci Code to any who love mysteries or even to those looking for an adventure.
With its vast array of islands, mountains and mega metropolises, one can simply not pick out 10 top places to visit in Asia. However, we’ve done our best to curate a list that caters to your needs, bringing you the best places in Asia to enjoy your vacation to the fullest. Pack your bags, pick your destination, follow this guide and find out the miracle that Asia is!
The best time to visit Asian countries is between November and March, when the temperature is moderate in most countries and festivals and carnivals are ongoing in most. This time period is mostly ideal for Southeast Asian countries, including Maldives and Thailand.
1. Maldives
Maldives tops the list of the ten best places to visit in Asia, for its picturesque location, scenic beauty and variety of fun activities available make it absolutely irresistible. The beauty of Maldives is unbelievable; we’ve all come across it and wondered how something so astonishing be real. With its breath-taking sunsets and sunrises, white sand beaches and striking blue water and coral reefs, Maldives in itself is the complete package.
Maldives is divided into several islands, some of which remain public while some others have been converted into private islands. While the former are somewhat budget-friendly, the latter home heavily expensive activities and the world-famous Water Villas, which open right into the endless ocean. After getting down at the Velana International Airport in Male (the Capital city), one can either take a speedboat to one of the islands or a sea plane to one of the private islands.
The island nation of Maldives is especially a favourite amongst honeymooners, as the seclusion and gorgeous location provide a beautiful background to a romantic trip. Adventurers are also sure to have a ton of fun, with activities like Jet-skiing, Scuba Diving, Rafting, and especially Snorkelling readily available.
Best Time to Visit Maldives
The best time to visit Maldives is between April and November, when there is little precipitation and warm temperature.
Best Hotels in Maldives
Vivanta by Taj Coral Reef, Maldives
PER AQUUM Huaven Fushi
Taj Exotica Resort and Spa
Adaaran Prestige Water Villas
Anantara Veli Maldives Resort
Top Things to do in Maldives
Relax at the white sandy Maldivian beaches
Tour the capital city of Male, including sites like Republic Square, the National Museum and Sultan Park
Enjoy adventure activities like Snorkelling, Scuba Diving, and Parasailing
Visit the Male fish market to get a glimpse of Maldives’ daily life
Book a spa treatment at one of the many glamourous Spa Centres.
2. Tokyo
Crazy about anime, the city of Tokyo looks like it has been made out of a cartoon book itself. This mega city in Japan is constantly buzzing with movement, be it people or vehicles. The museums and historical sites located in Tokyo are world-class- one can take photos and enjoy sushi, or find a superb backdrop against the Cherry Blossom trees in the right season!
An extremely safe city, one can travel around Tokyo and enjoy how life is always in motion through its subway. However, there are very high chances that one may be tempted to enjoy the hustle and bustle of the city on foot!
Best Time to Visit Tokyo
Tokyo can be best enjoyed in the months of March, April, September and November. Autumn is the best time for experiencing the full potential of Tokyo, as the city is at its best in terms of colour and comfort.
Best Hotels in Tokyo
Comfort Hotel Tokyo Kanda
Comfort Hotel Tokyo Higashi Nihombashi
Hotel Rose Garden Shinjuku
Conrad Tokyo
Four Seasons Hotel Tokyo at Marunouchi
Top Things to do in Tokyo:
Visit the Tokyo National Museum to learn about Japanese history
Check out the unique architecture at the Meiji Shrine
Visit the Sensoji Temple, the oldest religious site in Tokyo
Spend time at Odaiba, the mini-island located at Tokyo Bay; a hub of entertainment
Catch the exciting interactive displays available at the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation
3. Phuket
Not just home to a varied landscape comprising of beaches, aquamarine waters and limestone cliffs, Phuket also boasts of a flavourful cuisine and its rich culture. This island is one of the most budget-friendly options for spending your vacations, requiring only moderate charges for everything, be it boat rides, accommodation or spa treatments.
Surrounded by the Andaman Sea, Phuket is located only an hour away from Bangkok. Remembering the tsunami that hit the beautiful island back in 2004, Phuket remembers everything with memorials and a stricter protection system.
Best Time to Visit Phuket
The months between November and April are ideal for travelling to Phuket and enjoying water activities like boating and swimming. While the low prices during the monsoon months (May to October) might be tempting, the water conditions during this time can be dangerous.
Best Hotels in Phuket:
Andara Resort Villas
Trisara Villas and Residences Phuket
Jasmine House
Ibis Phuket Kata
Metropole Hotel Phuket
Top Things to do in Phuket:
Catch an amazing view of the Andaman Sea from Phuket’s southernmost point, Promthep Cape
Enjoy a bird-eye view of the Kata Bay, Karon Strand and Chalong Bay from the giant Big Buddha statue
Feast at the authentic collection of restaurants near the Nai Harn Beach, the southernmost strip of sand in Phuket
Spend time with furry buddies at the Soi Dog Foundation, an innovative rescue shelter for cats and dogs.
Go snorkelling and boating on the Phuket Boat Tours
4. Bali
Bali is the perfect definition of heaven on earth. Accommodating every traveller, from one travelling on budget to one travelling in luxury, Bali manages to make one feel at home even though they are far away from it. Those interested in its vast history are keen to travel to its many temples, while the adventurers find themselves en route the active volcano in Kintamani. The town of Kuta, on the other hand, provides a perfect setting for enjoying the Bali nightlife.
Best Time to Visit Bali
The island’s dry season i.e. the months between April and October are most comfortable for those willing to enjoy the beaches.
Best Hotels in Bali
Capella Ubud
Four Seasons Resort Bali at Sayan
Ida Hotel
AlamKulKul Boutique Resort, Kuta
Mercure Resort, Sanur
Top Things to do in Bali
Offer prayers at the active prayer temple, Tirta Empul Temple
Rave about the stunning cliffside locale, beautiful architecture and the sound of waves down below the Uluwatu Temple
Enjoy the sunset from Tanah Lot Temple, also a stunning religious complex
Feast on the succulent seafood and relax on the sandy shoreline of Jimbaran, one of Bali’s most luxurious destinations
Explore through Kuta, Bali’s most popular beach town, for a variety of brilliant restaurants, bars, stores, spas and water parks.
5. Hong Kong
Hong Kong boasts of a vibrant, multifaceted culture and stunning cityscape. This British-Chinese hybrid sees both dense skyscrapers and lush landscapes. As a world-class metropolis, Hong Kong has numerous urban divisions, like culinary hot spots and museums. It also offers both sandy beaches and rugby pitches to all its visitors.
Best Time to Visit Hong Kong
The period between October and December offers comfortable temperatures along with reasonable room rates. Post New Year’s, visiting Hong Kong gets significantly pricey.
Best Hotels in Hong Kong
Rambler Oasis Hotel
Silka Far East Hotel
Regal Riverside Hotel
Cordis Hong Kong at Langham Place
Mandarin Oriental
Top Things to Do in Hong Kong
Enjoy the scenic route around the city by travelling in the Star Ferry
View the entire city from its highest point, the Victoria Peak
Go on a shopping spree at the Street Markets
Gamble (legally!) at the Happy Valley Racecourse
Watch the majestic Hong Kong line without obstructions from the Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade
6. Kyoto
Kyoto provides tourists with a snapshot of Imperial Japan; right from its cherry blossom trees to a pair of elegantly dressed geisha flitting between wooden tea houses. However, it’s not just a dainty old town- Kyoto has its own fair share of glimpses of a newer Japan. Be it century old Shinto shrines or the headquarters of companies like Nintendo and Kyocera, Kyoto stands out as a combination of ancient and contemporary, and shines vibrantly, that has certainly moved on from its predecessor.
Best Time to Visit Kyoto
The months between March and May, along with between September and November, make up the best time to visit Kyoto, since the weather is at its mildest. However, this time also draws tourists in huge crowds, most of who visit in anticipation of the blooming cherry blossoms.
Best Hotels in Kyoto
Four Seasons Hotel
Suiran- A Luxury Collection Hotel
The Ritz-Carlton
Hotel Granvia
Hyatt Regency
Top Things to do in Kyoto
Witness the 10,000 red and orange lacquered torii gates at the Fushimi Inari Shrine
Enjoy the natural scenery from the Kiyomizu Temple
Experience the historic features (tea houses, willow-lined roads etc.) of the Gion neighbourhood
Admire the cherry blossom trees from the quaint Arashiyama neighbourhood
Shop for traditional Japanese cuisine at the Nishiki Market
7. Singapore
This modern Asian metropolis maintains a balance of green belts and skyscrapers. In addition to this, it has also managed to sustain substantial ethnic enclaves like Chinatown and Little India. However, Singapore, in spite of being modern in its approach, has managed to preserve large wetlands.
Best Time to Visit Singapore
The best time to visit Singapore is anytime, as the island nation experiences a warm, tropical climate year-round. However, one must beware that it rains all throughout the year.
Best Hotels in Singapore
The Fullerton Bay Hotels
Ascott Raffles Place
Capella
Conrad Centennial
Crowne Plaza Changi Airport
Top Things to do in Singapore
Skip the trek and enjoy the urban jungle of Gardens by the Bay
Entertain yourself at numerous points of interest like the Art & Science Museum and the Float at Marina Bay.
Enjoy nature at the Singapore Botanic Gardens
Witness the indoor waterfall at Cloud Forest
Eat out at the various eateries and food stalls in Chinatown
8. Bangkok
Bangkok is one city with a dynamic environment; the contrast in its settings is quite chaotic. Most people visiting Bangkok for the first time feel like it is trapped between the past and the present, with both ancient temples and modern shopping malls lining up the streets of Thailand’s capital.
The exhilarating city of Bangkok is sure to take a toll on its visitors; the hot weather is consistent and the city is full of crowds. However, the grass is greener on the other side, and in this case, it is in the form of numerous attractions sure to leave you flabbergasted- the world’s largest open-air market, a world-class aquarium built inside an eight-level shopping mall and a 150-feet golden Buddha statue, to name a few. Bangkok has a certain ‘delightful incongruity’ to offer, so stay ready for surprises!
Best Time to Visit Bangkok
The best time to visit Bangkok, weather-wise, is between November and March because heat and humidity at this time are at their lowest. However, a trip between April and October, in spite of being the hottest time with heavy rainfall, can offer you wonderful deals on airfare and hotels. An added advantage is less footfall, so one can be saved from excessive crowding.
Best Hotels in Bangkok
New Empire Hotel
Rembrandt Towers Serviced Apartments
Grand Inn Hotel
The Okura Prestige
The Siam
Top Things to do in Bangkok
Behold the Wat Arun Temple at dawn or sunset
Witness the infamous ‘reclining Buddha’ at the Wat Pho Temple
Shop for a multitude of goods at the mammoth Chatuchak Weekend Market
Visit the beautiful Grand Palace, which has been home to numerous Thai Kings
Enjoy the contemporary architecture found at the Bangkok Art and Culture Centre
9. Seoul
The city of Seoul, characterized by stunning architecture, vibrant culture and a thriving economy, is resilient in nature. Congruent to its flag which represents ‘balance’, Seoul seems to be moving fast into the future; however, it has also managed to maintain ties with its rich history. One can find relics of Seoul’s past tucked between the vast shopping districts and lively nightlife zones.
Seoul offers a playful blend of the past and the present- the two do not overlap, rather complement each other. It boasts of the oldest and largest of the five Joseon Dynasty palaces in the city, Gyeongbok Palace. On the other hand, Seoul is also home to Buckon Village, which comprises of one-story wooden homes surrounded by high-rises. This provides a clear picture of the varied architecture present in Seoul.
Best Time to Visit Seoul
The best time to visit Seoul includes the months between March and May, and between September and November. The weather in these months is mild, and travel expenses are not very high. Those in search of a snowy vacation can also choose to visit between December and February.
Best Hotels in Seoul
JW Marriott Hotel
Banyan Tree Club and Spa
Grand Intercontinental Seoul Parnas
Grand Walkerhill
Mayfield Hotel and Resort
Top Things to do in Seoul
Visit the Namsan Park and N Seoul Tower for a panoramic view of Seoul
Take a stroll through the traditional Korean homes known as hanoks at the Bukchon Hanok Village
Hike to the mountainous Bukhansan National Park
Witness the youth culture of Seoul at Hongdae, through its plethora of bars, clubs, restaurants and cafes
Shop for hanbok (traditional Indian clothing), herbal teas and calligraphy supplies from the Insadong neighbourhood
10. Shanghai
The city of Shanghai is in a state of constant change; thus, get ready to say goodbye to monotony! Celebrating its prosperity with monumental industries like that of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Shanghai can be defined as China’s most dynamic metropolis.
However, one may find themselves getting lost in this city full of towering skyscrapers and bustling traffic. To prevent the place from feeling inaccessible and impersonal, one must do things that curtail to the ‘real’ Shanghai natives. Discover dining gems at the convoluted Zhujiajiao, find a calm spot at the Bund and reflect at the beautiful Jade Buddha Temple. To enjoy the vibrancy of Shanghai, create your own!
Best Time to Visit Shanghai
The months of October-November are ideal for visiting Shanghai. These short autumn months provide for the comfortable weather and minimal crowds. It also allows one to escape the crowds and rain showers generally witnessed during summer, which is the peak season. Weekend stays at hotels are comparatively cheaper, since Shanghai is a business-centric city.
Best Hotels in Shanghai:
Fairmont Peace Hotel
Grand Kempinski Hotel
Kerry Hotel Pudong
Pudong Shangri-La East Shanghai
The Langham, Shanghai, Xintiandi
Top Things to do in Shanghai:
Take beautiful pictures against the classic Shanghai skyline and water front at the infamous Bund
Witness the distinct architecture of the Shanghai Museum
Enjoy a boat ride and eat at tiny cafes located in the ancient water town of Zhujajiao
Catch a bird-eye view of the entire city from one of the tallest buildings in the world, the Shanghai World Financial Centre
Visit the oldest and largest religious complex of Shanghai, the Longhua Temple
Here are the top 10 places to visit in Asia. Each one of these places have a wonderful aura and charm about themselves, and must be enjoyed to the fullest. So, pack your bags, pick up this tour guide, and plan a vacation for yourself, your friends and your family to make a bucketful of memories!
You can save yourself from lots of problems if you learn just one thing which is “a way to say no”. Yeah, I am not asking you to be harsh by saying a hard no but if you can be honest with people about how you feel about something and tell them you can’t do something, it will save you a lot of time and energy.
We often tend to accept anything that people tell us because for us it may be hard to say no to their face or we don’t know how to be honest with them. This one simple thing will change your life. We don’t have to please people every time, in fact it is impossible to satisfy everyone around us and make them happy. Sometimes we have to stand for ourselves and think about our own good and peace.
I want you to pause here and think about the times when people said “no” to you. Why did they not hesitate to say “no”? Did you feel awfully bad when they don’t say yes to you? No, right? You are not hurting others by saying no, you are just looking after yourself when you do that. So there is absolutely no reason to feel bad about saying no.
Nobody can be nice all the time and you are simply hurting yourself by attempting to be one. You are not always responsible for others well being and happiness. I have caught myself saying yes when I was so not interested in doing something or even when I was busy I refused to say no.
This is actually a serious problem, when you put your mental health at risk and accept everyone’s request around you, it will definitely make you feel bad and sometimes people won’t even consider your efforts or in what position you are when you accept their requests so I would say anything that costs your mental health is not worth it.
The bottom line is, if you don’t want it, don’t do it. Being nice will allow some toxic people to get advantage on you. They will think “he/she will never say no so we can use them to complete the work”. I am sure you don’t want to be treated this way. For that, you should learn to put your priorities first before pleasing others. Learning this will benefit you in lot of ways by hurting no one. But every time you say yes, you are hurting yourself. “Saying no is one of the best forms of self-care we can engage in” Washington says. When you say no, you let people know that you are strong enough to put your thoughts first and that you are not there to please anyone. Also you are not hurting the other person. Most times the person is going to understand your situation.
How to say no?
It is not as simple as it sounds but once you start doing it. you will feel really good about yourself.
Imagine, someone comes to you and asks for some help. But you are busy at the moment and you have lot other works. You really want to help that person but you can’t. You can tell the person, “I really wish I could help but sorry I can’t, I have to do another work”. Saying this simply makes it all easier than saying yes to anything that comes to you.
Practice it every time when you really want to say “no” to save yourself from any big responsibilities.
Sports and India are like the two sides of a coin that can change the angle but can never depart. The nation has always tried to encourage young buds for athletics and games. Cricketers like Sachin Tendulkar, Boxers like Mary Kom, and athletes like Milkha Singh are known for their fury and fervor. However, there is only one winner and after several years of dedication and wait, India finally found its champion.
It was all unplanned
The date of 7th August 2021 will always be memorized for the first win of the Olympic Gold Medal in Athletics. It was no other than Neeraj Chopra who mesmerized the entire stadium with his outstanding throw in Javelin held in Tokyo. Born on 24th December in the house of a farmer at Panipat is now known for his 87.58m throw. He was not a passionate kid who was practicing hard to enter sports. Rather, his heavyweight forced his father to send him stadium for running. This lead to the advent of his inquisitiveness in the field of athletics. After attempting several games, he finally discovered his strength. The more he practiced, the more he loved. Since then, his journey of medals began in Javelin and he made several records at various events.
I made it!!
Record is broken
Neeraj underwent elbow surgery before the game and it was told that he will not be playing. It was that time when his hand was bandaged and it is now when he is holding the gold medal in that same hand. This was a very proud moment for every Indian and the curiousness turned into wishes from renowned personalities and interviews which revealed multiple secrets of his life. The lazy kid has grown into a responsible citizen who wants to work hard for the dignity of the country. His words, “For now I want to focus on my career, marriage will happen at the right time” truly proves that. Like others, he also overcame numerous challenges and gained success. Joining camp was the turning point of his life which gave him the facilities to become the man he is today!
Inspiration of Today
Everything is changing except thinking. Parents have always been skeptical about sending their children into this field where success does not come to everyone. Regardless, experiencing the achievement of a player whose journey was an incident and not a plan will motivate all fresh minds to take a step forward. On this Independence Day let’s celebrate the victory of not only those who gave their beats to save our hearts but also the ones who made their lives black and white to demonstrate India’s flag colorful.
Looking for the positivity does not necessarily mean overlooking faults. being a positive thinker does not mean one has to agree or accept everything. It only means that a person is solution-focused.
– Shiv Khera
This book was recommended to me. I had high hopes on it that it will be as good as they said. And it turned true. It is one of the wonderful life-changing books. This book defines success. It gives us solutions to come from failure to success. Its easy language of description makes it easier to grasp the concepts
This book helps increase self confidence and achieve great goals in life. It gives a lot more inspiration for businesses related people. The book contains small basic stories, quotes in between and action plan at the end of every chapter to let you know about yourself.The perfect balance of professional & personal development can be maintained on reading & understanding this book.
Under Adverse conditions – some people break down,some break records
– Shiv Khera
A practical, common sense guide that will help you: · Build confidence by mastering the seven steps to positive thinking · Be successful by turning weaknesses into strengths · Gain credibility by doing the right things for the right reasons · Take charge by controlling things instead of letting them control you · Build trust by developing mutual respect with people around you · Accomplish more by removing the barriers to effectiveness
Motivation is like fire—unless you keep adding fuel to it, it dies. Your fuel is your belief in your inner values.
– Shiv Khera
This book is totally worth every minute you spend on reading it. It’s even worth every penny you spend on it. It keeps you motivated. Hunger for positivity increases. This book is truly recommended to those who wish to change themselves for a better version of themselves.
Like I say : Reading books is magic, it makes you live hundreds of lives in a single one. Or atleast that’s what I believe. Hopefully this book will have an impact and magic you are/ were waiting for. I’ll take a leave.
The Taliban has encouraged India to desist from having a military role in Afghanistan, notwithstanding India’s humanitarian and developmental efforts in the country, including the construction of the Salma Dam, roads, and other infrastructural projects. Suhail Shaheen, a Taliban spokesperson stationed in Qatar, told ANI, “What do you mean by military role?” If they come militarily to Afghanistan and establish a presence. I believe that will not be beneficial to them, since they have witnessed the consequences of other countries’ military presence in Afghanistan. As a result, they have an open book in front of them. In terms of their assistance to the Afghan people or national programmes, I believe they have done a good job.
When the clocks strikes 12 on August 15, the unforgettable day in the minds of Indians. The day we broke the shackles of colonialism and breathe the air of freedom. The occasion to celebrate the countless sacrifices,sweat and blood of our freedom fighters. Let the idea of India be a timeless, tricolor dream. Let’s hoist the flag of dedication to that dream.
Let’s salute our great nation on its Independence Day! I hope you all feel grateful for the freedom you have and are proud of the nation you were born to. “Jai Hind!”
Be Here’s to the future full of understanding, appreciation and gratitude. Today let us take some time to value our nation and never forget the sacrifices from those who gave us freedom. May your spirits rise with the flag today! Happy Independence Day!
Quotes for tribute of 15th August.
“Sare Jahan Se Achha Hindustan Hamara” – Muhammad Iqbal
“Vande Mataram” – Bankim Chandra Chatterjee “Swaraj mera janamsiddh adhikar hai, aur mai ise lekar rahuga” – Bal Gangadhar Tilak “Satyameva Jayate” – Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya “Khoon se khelenge Holi gar Vatan mushkil main hai” – Ashfaqullah Khan
Basically, photography’s goal is to convey and archive explicit minutes on schedule. At the point when you snap an image and offer it with others, you’re showing a second that was caught in a photo. From the air to what people are doing, this moment can uncover a great deal.
For instance, in case you’re a city-based editorial picture taker, the pictures you take will remain chronicled for quite a long time. Individuals a long time from now will actually want to perceive what life resembled by taking a gander at the pictures.
In case you’re a wedding picture taker, the couple you’re shooting is depending on you to catch a rare occasion. The objective is to catch glad, cheerful, and adoring minutes. They will love these photos for the remainder of their life. As you investigate your general surroundings, photography records recollections and urges you to be available.
Hardly any reasons why photography is so significant
Photography is both a dream and a show-stopper. Catching photographs is essential for history and individuals’ lives, paying little mind to your ability level. Coming up next are a portion of the reasons why photography is so significant. Gathering significant minutes in your day to day existence requires the utilization of Photography. Photography is an awesome movement since it is both agreeable and open to individuals, all things considered. Nobody is forcing or testing you. In photography, all you need is a telephone and a camera. Gather minutes and trial in an unexpected way. The passage boundary is practically non-existent.
2. You can start at whatever stage in life, with any camera, and at any level. Taking photos is an exceptionally close to home insight. To start taking pictures and working on your abilities, you needn’t bother with a costly camera or an inventive foundation. I’ve seen some mind boggling photos taken with a mobile phone camera. There are numerous basic and charming things to find out about structure, light, openness, and altering that will quickly and effectively lift anybody’s photography.
3. Photos empower us to trade and convey data. Pictures are considerably more than simply an assortment of information. Photography takes advantage of our best and most liberal side: the motivation to share what we discover stunning and fascinating with others. You just need to look at the plenty of photograph sharing locales to see this propensity at work, as a large number of individuals offer their own, enthusiastic, and incidentally strange points of view on their general surroundings. To put it another way, our photos can permit aliens to impart our lives to us.
4. Self-articulation with blossoms on her head, a lady grins. Perhaps the most fundamental purposes behind the significance of photography is that it permits you to communicate your thoughts. It’s a fabulous imaginative source for communicating how you feel, conviction, think, and love. Best of all, you are allowed to do anything you desire. Photography knows no limits, regardless the “rules” and approaches are. You have total opportunity to communicate your thoughts.
5. We become craftsmen in light of photography. We can communicate our thoughts through photography as a fine art. We wish to photo dazzling landscape or an old man’s wrinkled face. Every one of us will have an interesting inspiration for snapping a picture, however we as a whole need to deliver something. Regardless of whether our all day lives are unremarkable, the formation of an image qualifies us as a craftsman.
Late episode of avalanches in the northern piece of India has welcomed a reestablished focus on the disadvantages of advancement. Life is so valuable, and seeing it vanish in almost no time on viral recordings via online media is upsetting, without a doubt. Simultaneously, it brings mindfulness, and the majority can start to have an open discourse.
The Indian Subcontinent is so various and lovely. It is separated into three sorts of landforms i.e mountain, level and fields. The northernmost space of India i.e the territory of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal, and Uttarakhand, has bumpy sort of landform as they are at higher heights.
Prior in India land courses were not extremely evolved. Spots were not effectively available, not even in plain regions. Later the transportation framework in India created, offices improved and presently pretty much all aspects of the nation is available, even in the mountain regions.
In fields, it’s not difficult to build a street or to set up a rail line network yet in mountain areas it is quite difficult. As the innovation created, the development of streets became conceivable between the mountains. In addition, burrows were developed for running trains. So what is the strategy through which these streets and railroads are being developed? This is finished by breaking or slicing mountains through impacts with high sonic sounds. Over the most recent couple of many years the travel industry in India has been advanced effectively, as it gives great pay to the country and helps in the development of GDP.
India is where culture and religion has impacted individuals to such an extent. Individuals probably won’t go as an energy or for entertainment only yet they will head out to visit sanctuaries and other strict spots. Kashmir is the paradise of India, Kedarnath, Badrinath and Vaishnodevi are the most famous and notable strict spots of the travel industry. These sanctuaries are arranged in the himalayan locales. Going there sometime in the distant past was practically outlandish. Practically every one of the popular sanctuaries are arranged on the pinnacle of the mountains and once in a year individuals visit in swarms when the entryways open for love.
In bumpy regions, giving labor and products was troublesome in before times and henceforth the advancement of the transportation framework has made the existences of individuals living there simple. On one hand this load of improvements have given availability to individuals and have increased the expectation of living of individuals. On other hand it has hurt the normal and genuine magnificence of nature. Because of the travel industry the business and acquiring of individuals has expanded, however when you attempt to enhance, with the assistance of innovation for your own solace it influences the strength of the normal landforms.
This breakdown of mountains powerfully by man has brought about avalanches. At the point when the stones are cut ,the lopsidedness happens in the change of rocks and thus they stall naturally and slide down on the land making hurt life and property. Ordinarily these avalanches block the way.
Geologically, an avalanche is the development of the stones and flotsam and jetsam down a slant affected by gravity. Human elements are exceptionally liable for avalanches these days. Development exercises of people have expanded the delicacy of mountains, particularly of himalayan mountains. Of the relative multitude of world’s avalanches, 30% happen in the Himalaya, as indicated by a South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). The fundamental justification these kinds of avalanches are mining and badly arranged street development. For the age of power, dams are being based on the banks of waterways in the sloping regions and henceforth prompting the obliteration.
It is said that everyone has their constraints of resistance of torment as is with the nature. We people have badgering and abused the assets of nature. It’s nice to be useful and improvement is a significant part of human culture. In the climate where man resides he needs to create and develop, however this ought to be adjusted. On the off chance that once you have consumed your fingers, why put your hand again in a similar fire? In case it is realized that these developments are bringing about the death toll and property and hurting nature’s stability,it ought to be halted, yet people are so narrow minded and insatiable they will keep doing it. At the point when nature becomes forceful it’s extremely appalling for living souls.
Stratification analysis is a quality assurance tool used to sort data, object, and people into separate and distinct group.
2. Histogram:
quality professional are often tasked with analyzing and interpreting the behavior of different group of data in an effort to manage quality.
this is where quality control tools like the histogram come into play.
3. Check sheet:
check sheets can be used to collect quantitative or qualitative data. When used to collect quantitative data, they can be called a tally sheet.
4 cause-and-effect diagram:
Introduced by karoru Ishikawa, the fishbone diagram helps users identify the various factors leading to an effect, usually depicted as a problem to be solved.
5 Pareto chart:
As a quality control tool, the Pareto chart operates accounting to the 80-20rule.
This rule assume that in any process, 80% of a process’s or system’ s problem ate caused by 20% of major factor, often referred to as the ” Vital few”.
6. Scatter diagram:
out of the seven quality tools, the scatter diagram is most useful in depicting the relationship between two variable which is ideal for quality assurance professional Trying to identify cause and effect relationship.
7. Control charts:
The control chart is a graph used to study how a central a process change over time,. Data are plotted on time.
A control chart always has a central line for the average charts, an upper line for the upper control limit, and lower line for the lower control limit. Control chart for variable data are used in pairs.
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