The previous article was about the different types of immune cells. This article is about a special molecule in immunity known as immunoglobulin.
There might be a question that what is so special about this immunoglobulin. There is a reason for this. These molecules play an important and inevitable role in the phagocytosis of pathogens. To understand this, it is essential to know about immunoglobulins.
The immunoglobulin is a gamma globulin, a specialized group of proteins (glycoprotein) produced in response to pathogens. It is produced by the plasma cells (a globulin protein present in the plasma). These constitute 25-30% of the blood proteins.
There are two important terms that are more commonly known by the most, they are the antigen and the antibody. The antigen is the molecule present on the surface of the pathogen and can stimulate an immune response. There is a small part of the antigen called the epitope which interacts with the antibody. The epitope is known as the antigen determinant site. An antigen can have unlimited epitopes.
On the contrary, the antibody is the molecule produced in response to the antigen in order to kick it away. The part of the antibody which interacts with the antigen is called a paratope. An antibody must have at least 2 paratopes. These antibodies belong to the immunoglobulins. All antibodies are immunoglobulins but not immunoglobulins are antibodies. To understand how the antibody helps in immunity, it is essential to understand the structure of an antibody/immunoglobulin. The image below shows the general structure of an immunoglobulin:-
There are two chains in an immunoglobulin namely the light chain and heavy chain. The light chain has 212 amino acids (the building block of protein) and the heavy chain has 450 amino acids. Each chain has two types namely the constant and variable. These regions are based on the amino acid sequences. Half of the light chain (1 out of 2) is constant and the rest is variable. A quarter of the heavy chain (1 out of 4) is variable and the rest is constant. These are linked by two types of sulfide bonds namely the intra (H-H AND L-L) and inter (H-L). These molecules contain carbohydrates (CHO) hence these are called as glycoproteins.
The tip of the variable regions of the heavy and light chain is hypervariable in nature and these constitute the antigen-binding site (Fab). These are hyper-variable because they have to produce amino acid sequences complementary to that of the antigen so that they can interact together. The other site is called a crystallizable region (Fc).
Having known all this, now it will be convenient to explain the process by which the antibody plays in the prevention of infections.
There are millions of substances that pass through the blood every day. So there must be a criterion/substance to identify them whether they are pathogenic. This is where antigen comes to play. These antigens present on the surface of the pathogens alert the immune system which then identifies this as a pathogen. So in response to the antigen, a suitable antibody is secreted and deployed to the target site. On reaching the antigen, the Fab region binds with the antigen.
The ultimate aim of the immune system is to abolish the pathogen and one way is by phagocytosing them. This is done by the macrophages. But it is essential for them to identify the substance before engulfing it. This is where the antibody comes to play. The Fc region of the antibody combines with the receptor of the macrophage. This facilitates the process of phagocytosis.
Hence the antibody acts like a bridge between the source (antigen) and the destination (macrophage) aiding in phagocytosis. This is essential because in most of the cases the macrophages, it is difficult to identify the non-self-objects and this is where antibody helps.
In the case of the new pathogen, the antigen is new, and therefore their might not be a suitable antibody. In that case, the macrophage cannot phagocytocise the pathogen and it reigns in the body causing infection and disease.
The next article is about the types of immunoglobulins.
As good as modern medical technology is, it can never save you from the problems caused by a life style that is unhealthy. Instead of getting a modern medical fix for every problem, it is far better to live in such a way that you will hardly ever fall ill.
An ounce of prevention is certainly better than a pound of cure. Here are seven tips on how to live a long and healthy life. In addition, the same life style that helps you to avoid illness also helps you to lose weight.
1. Get Enough Exercise
In the past people had to use their physical bodies in the course of their normal work. But today someone may get up, go to work in a car, then sit down, get up to go home in the car and when arriving at home, sit down again for the rest of the day. In such a life there is no physical labor. This physical inactivity is one of the main reasons for a host of diseases. Sport, running. walking and other things must be added to our life if our normal work does not require us to exert ourselves physically. I
2. Go to sleep when you feel sleepy
This may sound simple, but many people stay up late even when their body is telling them that it is time to sleep. Yoga and Ayurvedic doctors also say that it is better to sleep in the night and be active during the day. However, people such as students will take coffee and stimulants to study late into the night. Others develop the habit of remaining active at night and sleeping during the day. While we can do this, it eventually takes a toll on health. Alternative health doctors say that this kind of unnatural living is one of the contributing factors in the causation of cancer and other diseases
3. Eat when you feel hungry
This is also a simple idea, but once again we often go against the messages of the body. If you eat out of habit or due to social pressure at certain time of the day, even when you have no real appetite, then you will not digest your food properly. Acidity and indigestion begin, and this contributes to the likelihood of other more complex diseases taking root. Having an appetite is actually a sign of good health, but if you have no appetite you should wait a bit and then eat. (If you have no appetite even after awaiting a reasonable amount of time, then you should consult a doctor because something is wrong.)
4.Fast on a Regular, Systematic Basis
If you would ask any person to work 365 days per year without any rest, they would complain and say that they must have some rest or else they will break down. But we have never bothered to ask or to think about our digestive organs which we compel to work day after day without a rest. They cannot protest the way a person would to his boss, but they do give us signals that they cannot work non-stop. When we ignore those signals and still compel them to work, those organs break down. That is why periodic fasting is necessary. Refrain from eating for one complete day. This gives a rest to your digestive organs and also helps in the elimination of wastes from your body. Regular fasting allows a person to gain extra time for intellectual or spiritual pursuits. Fasting is not for hermits in a cave, but is a sensible practice that anyone can practice.
5. Wash with cool water before going to bed
As mentioned above, proper sleep is essential for the maintenance of health. If you wash your important motor and sensory organs (hands, arms, eyes, legs, mouth, genitals) before sleep using cool water, this will relax you and prepare you for deep sleep.
6. Perform meditation on a regular basis
Your body is linked to your mind. Many of the diseases of this era are psychosomatic. Stress and anxiety take their toll on our physical health. Meditation is a mental exercise which, among other things, allows you to detach yourself from the worries of life. Learn a simple technique and do it regularly.
7. Get up early every day
Once again the old proverb, “Early to bed, early to rise makes a person healthy, wealthy and wise.” I don’t know if it will make you wealthy, but it will certainly make you healthy. Your body needs just enough sleep, not too much and not too little.
Baby Driver is some of the most fun I had watching a big summer blockbuster movie since John Wick. Edgar Wright is able to craft a riveting storyline that actually makes sense and conveys this narrative in an extremely stylish and exciting manner. First of all, Edgar Wright is one of the few people working in Hollywood today who knows how to helm an action sequence. On top of the action being extremely well directed with minimal cuts and long takes, everyone single action scene is well choreographed to match the music in the background, which still bemuses me of how good it is. The movie is also extremely fast-paced and you never really get bored throughout this movie.
Another thing that Edgar Wright did so well is developing the characters and their motivations. As I have already said, this movie is extremely fast-paced but Edgar Wright clever utilizes this short time to add more depth to the characters. At times you could definitely tell where the movie is headed to but the way it gets there is always very interesting and actually makes the movie unpredictable. The last thing I would like to praise the movie for is the use of practical effects, namely in its car chasing sequences. You could tell that there was a lot of effort put into all of the car’s chase sequences and the movie uses amazing camera work to follow the car to make it feel more realistic and immersive.
Though there is a lot I liked about this movie I definitely do not think that this is a flawless masterpiece. Most of the issues stem from the relationship between Baby and Debora. Debora is a character that is extremely thinly crafted and acts and behaves in a certain just to drive the plot along. The same can also be said about Kevin Spacey’s character who to just completely flips character during the third act of the film.
Korean television series are made in South Korea. The first Korean series was published by Korean Broadcasting System in 1962. Korean drama divides into different categories such as historical dramas, school dramas, action dramas, legal dramas, or horror comedies. Most of the series focusing on romance, family values, friendship, and deeply emotional stories. But nowadays, this industry releases social issues based on Korean drama like gender inequality, suicide and corruption, and many more.
Unique features of Korean drama
Its unique storylines make Korean drama the best in the world. Korean series is creative and full of twists, that maintain secrecy in the story. Modern series generally contain 12 to 24 episodes of 60 minutes each. But in the case of historical series, it rises to 200 episodes. All series are usually carried one season. Many Korean dramas are shot within a compact timetable. Its screenplays are changing frequently depending on the viewer’s feedback. A single director and a single screenwriter are involved in making a series that distinguish Korean drama from other television series. Korean drama is produced by television channels. The first four episodes were shot in advance and the rest episodes are shot one by one after the four-episode was released.
Broadcast Platforms
Its broadcast time is scheduled between 22:00 to 23:00. Most of the Korean drama aired on the Total Variety Network(TVN), Orion Cinema Network(OCN), Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation(MBC), Seoul Broadcasting System(SBS), Korean Broadcasting System(KBS). The evening slot is fixed for daily drama between 19:00 to 20:00. With the rise in popularity of Korean series internationally, many streaming platforms are run Korean drama like Amazon Prime, Asian Crush, Netflix, We TV, Hulu, VIU, Iflix, Kocowa, etc.
Why Korean Drama is popular?
Eccentric Story
It is popular internationally day by day due to the scripts are well written. They use kissing scenes with so much importance. The Korean series characters are outstandingly realistic that every viewer feels the same emotion and vibe which the actors are portraying on the screen. Korean series has a limited number of episodes, so a viewer can never bore. The storylines make the viewer connected till the end. Rich guy poor girl romance and their parents are against that, these types of plots are very famous among the young generation nowadays. Korean drama is so well constructed and structured that every young generation expects Korean romance in real life. It is the impact of the best story, screenplay, and brilliant acting. Korean love stories are the best cute love story in the world. It is not like the other stories that are full of actions, it depicts the bonding with each other.
Fresh Sound Track
Original Sound Track is specially made for each series. Those soundtracks are from EXO, TWICE, BLACKPINK, BTS, etc.
Ethics
Korean drama shows the values in compared to other dramas like respecting elders, polite to everyone. Korean cultures are famous worldwide for their unique presence of characters on screen. Korean dramas are shot with the beautiful locations and sites of Korea.
Family Show
Korean series is family-friendly. You can never feel bad while watching with family members and elders. Its series is rarely adult content or using any abusive language.
Fashion and Beauty
Korean fashion is now a trend all over the world. Korean actors and actresses always look simple, stylish, and fashionable. Their outfits are distinguishing from others. Their dressing sense makes them more cute and classy. They counted as trendy people in the world. Korean actor’s and actresses’ beauty standards are very high and attractive.
Looking for resources to read eBooks during this lock down period? Here are some great open libraries you can find online for free books to read.
Reading is definitely one of the greatest pleasures of life. Online libraries are currently attracting a lot of eyes, especially with most of the countries under lock down because of a massive outbreak of a deadly virus, which is affecting more and more people with each passing day. Ever wondered how these online libraries work? It is pretty simple and not so different from traditional libraries. These online libraries have a collection of books and reading materials from different publications in electronic formats, which can be accessed easily. Most of these open online libraries require you to sign up, look for the desired book or source or material and lets you download it or read it online.
To help you curb your boredom and get access to books from the comforts of your home, during this lock down period, we have a list of our top picks for online libraries that you can access with a simple click.
Project Gutenburg
A volunteer effort to preserve and archive important cultural works and digitize them for being available online, Project Gutenburg works for encouraging the preservation, creation and also, distribution of eBooks on an online platform. Majority of the sources that you will find here in the collection are complete texts from public domain books. Now offering more than 59,000 eBooks online for free, Project Gutenburg can be used and accessed from any of your devices.
Questia
Questia is a great source of research and paper writing projects which is available online. It has helped many students with citation from high standard scholarly articles and research paper to use for their own research. You can find a wide of range of papers on subjects related to humanities and social sciences and it provides you with the complete sources and resources you need to fulfill your coursework or project.
Read Print
Read Print is another online open library which provides thousands of eBooks archives for reading enthusiasts, students, teachers and everyone else. It enables the readers and users to choose from a collection of over 8000 books and also lets the readers make their own bookshelves with their personal ratings and reviews and also form reading groups with people having interests similar to theirs. It was also on the list of TIME Magazine’s 50 best websites in the year 2010.
Open Library
Open Library is an online project that intends to create a web page for every book that was ever published, giving the readers access to several public domains and many out of print books. Their main aim is to let people have access to all the published works of people available to anyone and everyone around the world. It is an initiative by Internet Archive, a non profit organization, which is also #7 on our list of top open libraries online.
Classic Reader
From Shakespeare to Austen and Dickens to Edgar Allen Poe, Classic Reader online library offers you with a wide range of thousands of classics of literature including poems, plays, dramas and short stories. You can not only find and read your favourite classics and short stories, but also you can add your own annotations to the books available online on classicreader.com.
The Literature Network
The Literature Network, as the name suggests, provides students as well as other reading enthusiasts with a range of 3500 literature books available online. To start finding the piece of literature you want, you can begin to search through the author index. They also have a large collection of short stories at your disposal, a quiz system featuring more than 300 quizzes and database of quotes and quotations which has about 9000 quote available. You can also join Literature forums and ask questions, which can be answered by anyone from the thousands of members who are part of this network.
Internet Archive
Internet Archive is a non profit organization, which is available for free of cost and provides the readers and users with an extensive range of much more beyond just books. You can find music, movies, sources, websites, software and much more. It provides people with access to a massive database of free information that is available online by catering to millions of people every day and is also considered to be one of the top 300 websites around the world.
The Online Books Page
The Online Books Page, as the name, is a website that gives the readers access to a variety of books that are available to be read freely, on the internet. It focuses on developing eBooks and online reading resources for the benefit of all people. Their long list of available resources and books is completely free and can be used for non commercial purposes. It has a collection of over 2 million sources and works, available to the readers in various media formats.
Classic Bookshelf
With a simple web page format and a reading app, Classic Bookshelf brings to you a collection of hundreds of classics and timeless wonders of literature across decades, available online with easy access. You can also take reference from its ratings and reviews to find the most popular books at regular intervals.
Chest of Books
The Chest of Books website has put in great effort in converting texts into eBooks and carefully proofreading and scanning them for the benefit and pleasure of the readers and the website users. It presents you with a variety of online books available from different fields or topics such as Art, Finance, Health, Business and many more.
We hope that this list of our top picks come handy to all reading enthusiasts and help their life in this lock down a little better. Do let us know if we missed out any online libraries from the list, or if you would like to review any of these that you may have used before!
The rules are simple: choose the most significant moments from your relationship – one for each hour in the day.
You’d probably pick when you first met, right? And the instant you knew for sure it was love? Maybe even the time you watched the sunrise after your first night together?
But what about the car journey on the holiday where everything started to go wrong? Or your first proper fight?
Or that time you lied about where you’d been?
It’s a once in a lifetime chance to learn the truth.
But if you had to be completely honest with the one you love, would you still play?
For Esme and Tom, the game is about to begin. But once they start, there’s no going back . . .
Review
Our Life in a Day is the debut novel from Jamie Fewery, and the story of Tom and Esme. The night before they are due to go away for their anniversary Esme challenges Tom to pick important moments from their relationship that relate to each hour of the day. The book takes us on the journey of their relationship, the good and the bad, as we are voyeurs to their most private moments. This is such a beautiful book, in regard to the writing and the plot line, and was such a pleasure to read.
What I really enjoy about this book was the honesty the author employed in terms of the relationship; it wasn’t all hearts and flowers and wonderful memories, there were some incredibly sad and tense moments. In life it is the rough and the smooth that makes real relationships and Tom’s most significant moments certainly encompassed that. Yes, there are the romantic parts, the night they met, their first Christmas together, but there were also the arguments in the car on the way to their first anniversary away, the disastrous camping trip etc. One important thread that ran through these memories for Tom was his inability, or avoidance, of telling Esme about his past with depression. This secret, that comes up at several points, is always lurking in the background and as we all know huge secrets like that have a habit at coming out when least expected.
As characters, I loved Esme and Tom, they came from very different backgrounds, and represented the hope and fear we all have in starting new relationships. Esme is an independent character, with a great career, but in terms of relationships she doesn’t want marriage. Tom is a musician, we learn he went to university but left early, and has fantastic friends who are there to look out for him after an unknown event (revealed later in the book). Tom’s battle with depression is very topical with a lot of attention being on mental health issues especially in young men. Tom is obviously ashamed by his depression as he doesn’t want to discuss it or let Esme find out. Jamie Fewery’s writing on this subject is very compassionate, and he deals with the subject with great sensitivity and understanding.
One Day in a Life is an honest and heartfelt look at the dynamics in relationships. It certainly isn’t a slushy sentimental read; it has some difficult moments but there are also some humorous memories. The writing of the characters and story drew me straight in with the feeling of intimacy in relation to the characters and the easy flow of the plot line; it is hard to comprehend that this is Jamie Fewery’s debut novel. This is an emotional rollercoaster of a read that you won’t want to get off, a fabulous read!
I would like to thank Orion Books and Tracy Fenton for providing me with a copy of the book to read and review as part of the blog tour.
I have made it easier to leave comments on my posts so I look forward to reading your thoughts. Thank you for taking the time to read my review and for all follows and likes.
What does this mean? What are its implications? How its going to affect India among other nations?
If you’re a firm that makes tremendous profits year after year by moving money to low-tax jurisdictions, you’re in for some unpleasant news.
Gone are the days when you could produce a lot of money from both tangible and intangible sources, move your money from high-tax countries to low- or no-tax countries, and enjoy the numerous delights of money.
The finance ministers of the world’s seven richest and most affluent countries met in London to continue their ongoing conversation about the global problem of multinational firms evading taxes. The meeting resulted in the ministers agreeing to a minimum global company tax rate of at least 15% at the same table. “After years of discussion,G7 Finance Ministers have reached a historic agreement to reform the global tax system to make it for global digital age”. British finance minister Rishi Sunak told reporters when asked about the same. He expressed gratitude to all of his G7 counterparts for finally being able to reach a historic landmark agreement that would tackle the issue of profit shifting by various firms.
The idea of a global minimum corporate tax isn’t new; there have been discussions about it before, but it has only recently gained traction as one of the world’s major leaders, the United States of America, has been attempting to deal with massive amounts of tax evasion by large American corporations such as Facebook and Amazon,and in same context, US Secretary of the treasury Jane Yellen reiterated the positive implications of having this minimum corporate tax accepted globally. Furthermore, the Biden administration has increased the corporate tax rate from 21% to 28%, and with such high tax rates, multinational firms will seek to open headquarters in nations where they will have to spend much less, resulting in a significant revenue loss for the US.
What does it mean?
As the name implies, the global minimum corporate tax (GMCT) is a tax that will be imposed on businesses and corporations all over the world; no country will be able to keep its corporate tax rates below the suggested minimum of 15%. This is the bare minimum that all governments must adhere to; there is no upper limit to such levies.
Why is it being proposed?
Corporate taxes account for a significant portion of a country’s total revenue. A nation must ensure the social welfare of its residents, which necessitates the expenditure of funds to invest in infrastructure, which will in turn provide jobs for its citizens. It can raise the funds it requires through a variety of methods, including borrowing from international financial institutions and borrowing from the general public. The revenue obtained by the first two methods creates an obligation for the country, but there is no such responsibility in the case of taxes. It is for this reason that taxes are essential for any country to meet its obligations.
Big businesses earn a lot of money and are continually looking for methods to avoid paying higher taxes. If the countries in which they primarily operate impose greater taxes, they attempt to shift their profits to low-tax jurisdictions such as Ireland (12.5 percent tax rate), the Bahamas (0% tax rate), and so on. As a result, their home countries receive less money, while lower tax jurisdictions receive more. According to the Tax Justice Network, the US Treasury loses roughly $50 billion each year as a result of the massive amount of Base Erosion Shifting System. Germany and France are also among the top losers, according to the same analysis.
This concept of a global minimum corporate tax rate was proposed in order to force multinational corporations to pay taxes in the countries where their businesses operate. Having a global minimum tax will ensure that these large corporations do not engage in profit shifting and tax evasion strategies, as well as that they do not compromise on innovation and the use of newly created technologies.
How will it be implemented?
Assume there is a country A with a 15% effective corporate tax rate, i.e. the GMCT, and another country B with a 5% effective corporate tax rate. For a corporation operating in nation A, a tax rate of only 5% would be an appealing force, and it would strive to discover ways to shift its profits to country B in order to avoid paying higher taxes. Opening subsidiaries in another country is one technique for a country to move its earnings to another country. As a result, firm A will establish a subsidiary in Country B and transfer a significant portion of its profit from activities in Country A to Country B. Now, if the subsidiary makes a profit of 100 crores, it will only have to pay taxes of 5%, that is, 5 crores. Following the implementation of the worldwide minimum corporation tax rate, country A can reduce 5 percent (tax in country B) from 15 percent (tax in country A) and require the firm to pay the resulting tax at the rate of 15-5=10% to the home country.
What are its implications?
The proposed global minimum business tax has both favorable and unfavorable consequences. The following are some of the advantages:
Increased accountability of the global corporations.
Transparency in the system.
Increased employment opportunities in the traditional country.
Increased capital formation in the home country.
Reduced liabilities for a nation, liabilities created by internal and external borrowings.
Negative Implications:-
The investments made my these big multinational companies in lower tax countries are the major source of revenue of those nations. Implementing minimum tax rate would take away a major part of their revenue.
A number of employment opportunities are created by companies in poor countries, implementation of new tax regime will devoid them of such opportunities.
Foreign direct Investment(FDI) to poor countries will reduce, making it difficult for them to fulfill their import needs.
The problem of avoiding the payment of taxes by rampant exploitation of loopholes will still remain.
Tax collection is a sovereign right of any nation, that makes it more difficult for making all the nations agree on this
proposal.
What are the challenges in its implementation?
As already mentioned above, the profits that MNCs shift to lower tax jurisdictions result in creation of newer employment opportunities in such countries and this in turn ensure the welfare of its citizens. A number of poor countries don’t have enough resources to raise money for infrastructure development, the investments made by global companies provide them money to develop required infrastructure and to ensure the fulfillment of other requirements. Considering the importance of such investments in poor countries, its challenging to get them on board.
Countries such as Ireland, Bahamas, Bermuda and Caribbean nations have benefited to a large extent from the ongoing profit shifting system and its not easy to make all of them agree on foregoing a large amount of money.
Another global power apart from USA, i.e., China would also pose difficulty in its implementation as Hong-Kong is one of the major tax havens and generates money through foreign direct investments. Also, there is major trade war going on between China and USA and China would not so easily bend down to something proposed by US.
How it is going to affect India?
India too isn’t immune to the huge loss caused by the tax evasions of its corporations. According to Tax Justice Network, based in U.K., India loses $10.3 annually to the global tax abuse by multinational corporations. So, the implementation of proposed tax system would mean increased revenue for the government of India and reduction in huge borrowings done by the government.
According to a report brought out by Press Trust of India, the experts in tax domain believe that India will be most likely benefiting from the GMCT as the effective corporate tax rate in India is 22%, much less than the proposed minimum tax rate of 15% and so India will keep attracting the global companies to come and invest in the country. Also, according to Rakesh Nangia, the chairman of Nangia Andersen India, the major points of attraction in India for Big MNCs are its large internal market, quality labor at cheap rates, strategic locations for exports and a prospering private sector. So, overall, India won’t be much affected even if the implementation of global corporate minimum tax comes into force.
On the other hand, there are prevailing concerns in India that a lot of companies such as e-commerce ones have a “significant presence in India” but still do not pay taxes to the country. And for this only. the country advocated the idea of implementing ” equalization levy” in 2016. Post 2016, this concept of equalization levy has been extended to e-commerce companies as well. The levy aimed at taxing the income earned by such multinational companies who don’t have any permanent physical presence in India but generate huge amount of income from the country.
India has also signed a pact with US for the exchange of country by country report(cbc), through which if there is any US company operating in India through its subsidiaries, it would provide reports about its total revenue to US administration and US will in turn, provide the same to India so that India can tax the generated income according to its tax rates.
India has also implemented the Multilateral Convention to implement Tax Treaty related measures to prevent Base Erosion profit shifting and ratified the same.
India already has implemented above discussed reforms in order to ensure the payment of required taxes from global companies. Considering this, India need to be careful of not driving these companies away from India because of a large number of already existing regulations.
The landmark deal will be discussed once again in the presence of all the countries constituting the group of 20 (G-20) and based on those discussions, further implementation challenges will be worked upon.
Author : Dan Brown Publication date : April 2003 Pages : 689 (U.S. hardback) 489 (U.S. paperback)
The novel explores an alternative religious history, whose central plot point is that the Merovingian kings of France were descended from the bloodline of Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene, ideas derived from Clive Prince’s The Templar Revelation (1997) and books by Margaret Starbird. The book also refers to The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail (1982) though Dan Brown has stated that it was not used as research material.
Characters
Robert Langdon: A professor of symbology at Harvard University and the protagonist of the novel.
Jacques Saunière: The grandmaster of priory of Sion, Curator of Louvre Museum and primary antogonist of the novel.
Sophie Neveu: A Cryptologist of French police and granddaughter of Saunière.
Bezu Fache: A member of Opus dei and a French police.
Silas The monk: A member of Opus dei who murders Saunière.
Manuel Aringarosa: A bishop of Vatican and member of Opus dei.
Sister Sandrine: A Seneschal of priory of Sion and sister of St. Sulpice.
André Vernet: A guard of Zurich bank.
Sir Leigh Teabing The Teacher: A Grail scholar, living in Paris and secondary antogonist of the novel.
Rémy Legaludec: A maid who assist Teabing.
Jérôme Collet: A French police.
Marie Chauvel Saint-Clair: Sophie’s grandmother and Saunière’s wife.
Summary
In the Louvre, a monk of Opus Dei named Silas apprehends Jacques Saunière, the museum’s curator, and demands to know where the Holy Grail is. After Saunière tells him, Silas shoots him and leaves him to die. However, Saunière has lied to Silas about the Grail’s location. Realizing that he has only a few minutes to live and that he must pass on his important secret, Saunière paints a pentacle on his stomach with his own blood, draws a circle with his blood, and drags himself into the center of the circle, re-creating the position of Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man. He also leaves a code, a line of numbers, and two lines of text on the ground in invisible ink.
A police detective, Jerome Collet, calls Robert Langdon, the story’s protagonist and a professor of symbology, and asks him to come to the Louvre to try to interpret the scene. Langdon does not yet realize that he himself is suspected of the murder.
After murdering Saunière, Silas calls the “Teacher” and tells him that, according to Saunière, the keystone is in the Church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris. The Teacher sends Silas there. Silas follows Saunière’s clues to the keystone’s location and discovers that he has been tricked. In a fit of rage, he kills Sister Sandrine Bieil, the church’s keeper and a sentry for the Priory of Sion. At the Louvre, Langdon meets Jerome Collet and Bezu Fache, the police captain, and realizes that the two policemen suspect him of the murder.
Sophie Neveu, an agent of the department of cryptology and Saunière’s granddaughter, arrives at the crime scene and tells Langdon that he must call the embassy. When Langdon calls the number Sophie gave him, he reaches her answering service. The message warns Langdon that he is in danger and should meet Sophie in the bathroom at the Louvre.
In the bathroom, Sophie shows Langdon that Fache is noting his movements with a tracking device. She throws the device out the window onto a passing truck, tricking the police into thinking that Langdon has escaped from the Louvre.
Sophie also tells Langdon that the last line in the secret message, “P.S. Find Robert Langdon,” was her grandfather’s way of alerting her: P.S. are the initials of her grandfather’s nickname for her, Princesse Sophie. Langdon thinks that P.S. might stand for Priory of Sion, an ancient brotherhood devoted to the preservation of the pagan goddess worship tradition, and to the maintenance of the secret that Saunière died protecting.
Langdon decodes the second and third lines in Saunière’s message: “Leonardo Da Vinci! The Mona Lisa!” Sophie returns to the paintings to look for another clue. The police have returned to the Louvre as well, and they arrest Langdon. Sophie finds a key behind the Madonna of the Rocks. By using the painting as a hostage, she manages to disarm the police officer and get herself and Langdon out of the building.
As Sophie and Langdon drive toward the Swiss bank identified on the back of the key, Langdon explains the history of the Priory of Sion and their armed force, the Knights Templar. He reveals that the Priory protects secret documents known as the Sangreal, or the Holy Grail. Langdon’s latest manuscript is about this very subject.
When Sophie and Langdon enter the bank, an unnamed security guard realizes that they are fugitives and calls the police, but André Vernet, the bank’s manager and a friend of Saunière’s, recognizes Sophie and helps her and Langdon escape. Sophie and Langdon figure out that the number left near Saunière’s body must be the account number that will open the vault. When they open the vault they find a cryptex, a message delivery device designed by Da Vinci and crafted by Saunière. The cryptex can only be opened with a password.
Vernet successfully smuggles Sophie and Langdon past Collet in the back of a locked armored car. Vernet turns on them, but they manage to get away with the cryptex, which Langdon realizes is actually the Priory keystone—that is, the key to all of the secrets the Priory holds about the location of the Holy Grail.
Langdon and Sophie go to the house of Sir Leigh Teabing, a historian, to ask for his help opening the box. Teabing tells them the legend of the Grail, starting with the historical evidence that the Bible didn’t come straight from God but was compiled by Emperor Constantine. He also cites evidence that Jesus’ divinity was decided by a vote at Nicaea, and that Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene, who was of royal blood, and had children by her. Teabing shows them the hidden symbols in The Last Supper and the painted representation of the Magdalene. He tells them that the Holy Grail is actually Mary Magdalene’s body and the documents that prove Mary’s blood line is related to Jesus. He says he thinks Saunière and the others may have been killed because the Church suspected that the Priory was about to unveil this secret.
As Langdon is showing off the cryptex, Silas appears and hits him over the head. Silas holds Sophie and Teabing at gunpoint and demands the keystone, but Teabing attacks Silas, hitting him on the thigh where his punishment belt is located, and Sophie finishes him off by kicking him in the face. They tie Silas up.
Collet arrives at the castle, but Sophie, Langdon, the bound Silas, Teabing, and his servant, Rémy, escape and board Teabing’s private plane to England. Sophie realizes that the writing on the cryptex is decipherable if viewed in a mirror. They come to understand the poem, which refers to “a headstone praised by Templars” and the “Atbash cipher,” which will help them arrive at the password. Langdon remembers that the Knights Templar supposedly worshipped the god Baphomet, who is sometimes represented by a large stone head. The word, unscrambled by the Atbash Cipher, is Sofia. When they open the cryptex, however, they find only another cryptex, this one with a clue about a tomb where a knight was buried by a pope. They must find the orb that should have been on the knight’s tomb.
Fache realizes that Teabing and the rest of them are in the jet. He calls the British police and asks them to surround the airfield, but Teabing tricks the police into believing that there is nobody inside the plane but himself. Then he goes with Sophie, Langdon, Rémy, and Silas to the Temple Church in London, the burial site of knights that the Pope had killed.
Rémy frees Silas and reveals that he, too, follows the Teacher. Silas goes to the church to get the keystone, but when he tries to force Langdon to give it up, Langdon threatens to break it. Rémy intervenes, taking Teabing hostage and thus forcing Langdon to give up the cryptex.
Meanwhile, Collet and his men look through Teabing’s house and become suspicious when they find that he has been monitoring Saunière. Over the phone, the Teacher instructs Silas to let Rémy deliver the cryptex. The Teacher meets Rémy in the park and kills him. The Teacher calls the police and turns Silas in to the authorities. As Silas tries to escape, he is shot, and he accidentally shoots his idol, Bishop Aringarosa.
Silas takes Bishop Aringarosa to the hospital and staggers into a park, where he dies. In the hospital the next day, Aringarosa bitterly reflects that Teabing tricked him into helping with his murderous plan by claiming that if the Bishop delivered the Grail to him, he would help the Opus Dei regain favor with the Church.
Sophie’s and Langdon’s research leads them to the discovery that Sir Isaac Newton is the knight they are looking for, the one buried by a Pope, because they learn he was buried by Alexander Pope. They go to Westminster Abbey, where Newton is buried. There, the Teacher lures them to the garden with a note saying he has Teabing. They go there only to discover that Teabing himself is the Teacher. Teabing suspected that Saunière had decided not to release the secret of the Priory of Sion, because the Church threatened to kill Sophie if the secret was released. Wanting the secret to be public knowledge, he had decided to find the Grail himself.
Teabing gives Langdon the cryptex and asks Langdon and Sophie to help him open it. Langdon figures out that the password is apple—the orb missing from Newton’s tomb. He opens the cryptex and secretly takes out the papyrus. Then he throws the empty cryptex in the air, causing Teabing to drop his pistol as he attempts to catch it and prevent the map inside from being destroyed. Suddenly, Fache bursts into the room and arrests Teabing.
The papyrus inside the second cryptex directs Sophie and Langdon to Scotland, where Sophie finds her brother and her grandmother. During the reunion, she discovers that her family is, indeed, of the bloodline of Jesus and Mary Magdalene. Sophie and Langdon part, promising to meet in Florence in a month. Back in Paris, Langdon comprehends the poem, which leads him to the small pyramid built into the ground in the Louvre, where he is sure the Grail must be hidden
Review
The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown was a wonderful book. At several points in the book I found myself wondering what the next twist would be. The Da Vinci Code is about a symbologist named Robert Langdon.
I enjoyed how the author tied symbology into his novel. I learned things that I was not expecting to in a way that did not feel like I was in a class. I also feel that the action-packed novel kept me engaged with the characters. I often found myself sitting on the edge of my seat waiting for the next piece of the puzzle to be revealed. I highly recommend The Da Vinci Code to any who love mysteries or even to those looking for an adventure.
With its vast array of islands, mountains and mega metropolises, one can simply not pick out 10 top places to visit in Asia. However, we’ve done our best to curate a list that caters to your needs, bringing you the best places in Asia to enjoy your vacation to the fullest. Pack your bags, pick your destination, follow this guide and find out the miracle that Asia is!
The best time to visit Asian countries is between November and March, when the temperature is moderate in most countries and festivals and carnivals are ongoing in most. This time period is mostly ideal for Southeast Asian countries, including Maldives and Thailand.
1. Maldives
Maldives tops the list of the ten best places to visit in Asia, for its picturesque location, scenic beauty and variety of fun activities available make it absolutely irresistible. The beauty of Maldives is unbelievable; we’ve all come across it and wondered how something so astonishing be real. With its breath-taking sunsets and sunrises, white sand beaches and striking blue water and coral reefs, Maldives in itself is the complete package.
Maldives is divided into several islands, some of which remain public while some others have been converted into private islands. While the former are somewhat budget-friendly, the latter home heavily expensive activities and the world-famous Water Villas, which open right into the endless ocean. After getting down at the Velana International Airport in Male (the Capital city), one can either take a speedboat to one of the islands or a sea plane to one of the private islands.
The island nation of Maldives is especially a favourite amongst honeymooners, as the seclusion and gorgeous location provide a beautiful background to a romantic trip. Adventurers are also sure to have a ton of fun, with activities like Jet-skiing, Scuba Diving, Rafting, and especially Snorkelling readily available.
Best Time to Visit Maldives
The best time to visit Maldives is between April and November, when there is little precipitation and warm temperature.
Best Hotels in Maldives
Vivanta by Taj Coral Reef, Maldives
PER AQUUM Huaven Fushi
Taj Exotica Resort and Spa
Adaaran Prestige Water Villas
Anantara Veli Maldives Resort
Top Things to do in Maldives
Relax at the white sandy Maldivian beaches
Tour the capital city of Male, including sites like Republic Square, the National Museum and Sultan Park
Enjoy adventure activities like Snorkelling, Scuba Diving, and Parasailing
Visit the Male fish market to get a glimpse of Maldives’ daily life
Book a spa treatment at one of the many glamourous Spa Centres.
2. Tokyo
Crazy about anime, the city of Tokyo looks like it has been made out of a cartoon book itself. This mega city in Japan is constantly buzzing with movement, be it people or vehicles. The museums and historical sites located in Tokyo are world-class- one can take photos and enjoy sushi, or find a superb backdrop against the Cherry Blossom trees in the right season!
An extremely safe city, one can travel around Tokyo and enjoy how life is always in motion through its subway. However, there are very high chances that one may be tempted to enjoy the hustle and bustle of the city on foot!
Best Time to Visit Tokyo
Tokyo can be best enjoyed in the months of March, April, September and November. Autumn is the best time for experiencing the full potential of Tokyo, as the city is at its best in terms of colour and comfort.
Best Hotels in Tokyo
Comfort Hotel Tokyo Kanda
Comfort Hotel Tokyo Higashi Nihombashi
Hotel Rose Garden Shinjuku
Conrad Tokyo
Four Seasons Hotel Tokyo at Marunouchi
Top Things to do in Tokyo:
Visit the Tokyo National Museum to learn about Japanese history
Check out the unique architecture at the Meiji Shrine
Visit the Sensoji Temple, the oldest religious site in Tokyo
Spend time at Odaiba, the mini-island located at Tokyo Bay; a hub of entertainment
Catch the exciting interactive displays available at the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation
3. Phuket
Not just home to a varied landscape comprising of beaches, aquamarine waters and limestone cliffs, Phuket also boasts of a flavourful cuisine and its rich culture. This island is one of the most budget-friendly options for spending your vacations, requiring only moderate charges for everything, be it boat rides, accommodation or spa treatments.
Surrounded by the Andaman Sea, Phuket is located only an hour away from Bangkok. Remembering the tsunami that hit the beautiful island back in 2004, Phuket remembers everything with memorials and a stricter protection system.
Best Time to Visit Phuket
The months between November and April are ideal for travelling to Phuket and enjoying water activities like boating and swimming. While the low prices during the monsoon months (May to October) might be tempting, the water conditions during this time can be dangerous.
Best Hotels in Phuket:
Andara Resort Villas
Trisara Villas and Residences Phuket
Jasmine House
Ibis Phuket Kata
Metropole Hotel Phuket
Top Things to do in Phuket:
Catch an amazing view of the Andaman Sea from Phuket’s southernmost point, Promthep Cape
Enjoy a bird-eye view of the Kata Bay, Karon Strand and Chalong Bay from the giant Big Buddha statue
Feast at the authentic collection of restaurants near the Nai Harn Beach, the southernmost strip of sand in Phuket
Spend time with furry buddies at the Soi Dog Foundation, an innovative rescue shelter for cats and dogs.
Go snorkelling and boating on the Phuket Boat Tours
4. Bali
Bali is the perfect definition of heaven on earth. Accommodating every traveller, from one travelling on budget to one travelling in luxury, Bali manages to make one feel at home even though they are far away from it. Those interested in its vast history are keen to travel to its many temples, while the adventurers find themselves en route the active volcano in Kintamani. The town of Kuta, on the other hand, provides a perfect setting for enjoying the Bali nightlife.
Best Time to Visit Bali
The island’s dry season i.e. the months between April and October are most comfortable for those willing to enjoy the beaches.
Best Hotels in Bali
Capella Ubud
Four Seasons Resort Bali at Sayan
Ida Hotel
AlamKulKul Boutique Resort, Kuta
Mercure Resort, Sanur
Top Things to do in Bali
Offer prayers at the active prayer temple, Tirta Empul Temple
Rave about the stunning cliffside locale, beautiful architecture and the sound of waves down below the Uluwatu Temple
Enjoy the sunset from Tanah Lot Temple, also a stunning religious complex
Feast on the succulent seafood and relax on the sandy shoreline of Jimbaran, one of Bali’s most luxurious destinations
Explore through Kuta, Bali’s most popular beach town, for a variety of brilliant restaurants, bars, stores, spas and water parks.
5. Hong Kong
Hong Kong boasts of a vibrant, multifaceted culture and stunning cityscape. This British-Chinese hybrid sees both dense skyscrapers and lush landscapes. As a world-class metropolis, Hong Kong has numerous urban divisions, like culinary hot spots and museums. It also offers both sandy beaches and rugby pitches to all its visitors.
Best Time to Visit Hong Kong
The period between October and December offers comfortable temperatures along with reasonable room rates. Post New Year’s, visiting Hong Kong gets significantly pricey.
Best Hotels in Hong Kong
Rambler Oasis Hotel
Silka Far East Hotel
Regal Riverside Hotel
Cordis Hong Kong at Langham Place
Mandarin Oriental
Top Things to Do in Hong Kong
Enjoy the scenic route around the city by travelling in the Star Ferry
View the entire city from its highest point, the Victoria Peak
Go on a shopping spree at the Street Markets
Gamble (legally!) at the Happy Valley Racecourse
Watch the majestic Hong Kong line without obstructions from the Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade
6. Kyoto
Kyoto provides tourists with a snapshot of Imperial Japan; right from its cherry blossom trees to a pair of elegantly dressed geisha flitting between wooden tea houses. However, it’s not just a dainty old town- Kyoto has its own fair share of glimpses of a newer Japan. Be it century old Shinto shrines or the headquarters of companies like Nintendo and Kyocera, Kyoto stands out as a combination of ancient and contemporary, and shines vibrantly, that has certainly moved on from its predecessor.
Best Time to Visit Kyoto
The months between March and May, along with between September and November, make up the best time to visit Kyoto, since the weather is at its mildest. However, this time also draws tourists in huge crowds, most of who visit in anticipation of the blooming cherry blossoms.
Best Hotels in Kyoto
Four Seasons Hotel
Suiran- A Luxury Collection Hotel
The Ritz-Carlton
Hotel Granvia
Hyatt Regency
Top Things to do in Kyoto
Witness the 10,000 red and orange lacquered torii gates at the Fushimi Inari Shrine
Enjoy the natural scenery from the Kiyomizu Temple
Experience the historic features (tea houses, willow-lined roads etc.) of the Gion neighbourhood
Admire the cherry blossom trees from the quaint Arashiyama neighbourhood
Shop for traditional Japanese cuisine at the Nishiki Market
7. Singapore
This modern Asian metropolis maintains a balance of green belts and skyscrapers. In addition to this, it has also managed to sustain substantial ethnic enclaves like Chinatown and Little India. However, Singapore, in spite of being modern in its approach, has managed to preserve large wetlands.
Best Time to Visit Singapore
The best time to visit Singapore is anytime, as the island nation experiences a warm, tropical climate year-round. However, one must beware that it rains all throughout the year.
Best Hotels in Singapore
The Fullerton Bay Hotels
Ascott Raffles Place
Capella
Conrad Centennial
Crowne Plaza Changi Airport
Top Things to do in Singapore
Skip the trek and enjoy the urban jungle of Gardens by the Bay
Entertain yourself at numerous points of interest like the Art & Science Museum and the Float at Marina Bay.
Enjoy nature at the Singapore Botanic Gardens
Witness the indoor waterfall at Cloud Forest
Eat out at the various eateries and food stalls in Chinatown
8. Bangkok
Bangkok is one city with a dynamic environment; the contrast in its settings is quite chaotic. Most people visiting Bangkok for the first time feel like it is trapped between the past and the present, with both ancient temples and modern shopping malls lining up the streets of Thailand’s capital.
The exhilarating city of Bangkok is sure to take a toll on its visitors; the hot weather is consistent and the city is full of crowds. However, the grass is greener on the other side, and in this case, it is in the form of numerous attractions sure to leave you flabbergasted- the world’s largest open-air market, a world-class aquarium built inside an eight-level shopping mall and a 150-feet golden Buddha statue, to name a few. Bangkok has a certain ‘delightful incongruity’ to offer, so stay ready for surprises!
Best Time to Visit Bangkok
The best time to visit Bangkok, weather-wise, is between November and March because heat and humidity at this time are at their lowest. However, a trip between April and October, in spite of being the hottest time with heavy rainfall, can offer you wonderful deals on airfare and hotels. An added advantage is less footfall, so one can be saved from excessive crowding.
Best Hotels in Bangkok
New Empire Hotel
Rembrandt Towers Serviced Apartments
Grand Inn Hotel
The Okura Prestige
The Siam
Top Things to do in Bangkok
Behold the Wat Arun Temple at dawn or sunset
Witness the infamous ‘reclining Buddha’ at the Wat Pho Temple
Shop for a multitude of goods at the mammoth Chatuchak Weekend Market
Visit the beautiful Grand Palace, which has been home to numerous Thai Kings
Enjoy the contemporary architecture found at the Bangkok Art and Culture Centre
9. Seoul
The city of Seoul, characterized by stunning architecture, vibrant culture and a thriving economy, is resilient in nature. Congruent to its flag which represents ‘balance’, Seoul seems to be moving fast into the future; however, it has also managed to maintain ties with its rich history. One can find relics of Seoul’s past tucked between the vast shopping districts and lively nightlife zones.
Seoul offers a playful blend of the past and the present- the two do not overlap, rather complement each other. It boasts of the oldest and largest of the five Joseon Dynasty palaces in the city, Gyeongbok Palace. On the other hand, Seoul is also home to Buckon Village, which comprises of one-story wooden homes surrounded by high-rises. This provides a clear picture of the varied architecture present in Seoul.
Best Time to Visit Seoul
The best time to visit Seoul includes the months between March and May, and between September and November. The weather in these months is mild, and travel expenses are not very high. Those in search of a snowy vacation can also choose to visit between December and February.
Best Hotels in Seoul
JW Marriott Hotel
Banyan Tree Club and Spa
Grand Intercontinental Seoul Parnas
Grand Walkerhill
Mayfield Hotel and Resort
Top Things to do in Seoul
Visit the Namsan Park and N Seoul Tower for a panoramic view of Seoul
Take a stroll through the traditional Korean homes known as hanoks at the Bukchon Hanok Village
Hike to the mountainous Bukhansan National Park
Witness the youth culture of Seoul at Hongdae, through its plethora of bars, clubs, restaurants and cafes
Shop for hanbok (traditional Indian clothing), herbal teas and calligraphy supplies from the Insadong neighbourhood
10. Shanghai
The city of Shanghai is in a state of constant change; thus, get ready to say goodbye to monotony! Celebrating its prosperity with monumental industries like that of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Shanghai can be defined as China’s most dynamic metropolis.
However, one may find themselves getting lost in this city full of towering skyscrapers and bustling traffic. To prevent the place from feeling inaccessible and impersonal, one must do things that curtail to the ‘real’ Shanghai natives. Discover dining gems at the convoluted Zhujiajiao, find a calm spot at the Bund and reflect at the beautiful Jade Buddha Temple. To enjoy the vibrancy of Shanghai, create your own!
Best Time to Visit Shanghai
The months of October-November are ideal for visiting Shanghai. These short autumn months provide for the comfortable weather and minimal crowds. It also allows one to escape the crowds and rain showers generally witnessed during summer, which is the peak season. Weekend stays at hotels are comparatively cheaper, since Shanghai is a business-centric city.
Best Hotels in Shanghai:
Fairmont Peace Hotel
Grand Kempinski Hotel
Kerry Hotel Pudong
Pudong Shangri-La East Shanghai
The Langham, Shanghai, Xintiandi
Top Things to do in Shanghai:
Take beautiful pictures against the classic Shanghai skyline and water front at the infamous Bund
Witness the distinct architecture of the Shanghai Museum
Enjoy a boat ride and eat at tiny cafes located in the ancient water town of Zhujajiao
Catch a bird-eye view of the entire city from one of the tallest buildings in the world, the Shanghai World Financial Centre
Visit the oldest and largest religious complex of Shanghai, the Longhua Temple
Here are the top 10 places to visit in Asia. Each one of these places have a wonderful aura and charm about themselves, and must be enjoyed to the fullest. So, pack your bags, pick up this tour guide, and plan a vacation for yourself, your friends and your family to make a bucketful of memories!
You can save yourself from lots of problems if you learn just one thing which is “a way to say no”. Yeah, I am not asking you to be harsh by saying a hard no but if you can be honest with people about how you feel about something and tell them you can’t do something, it will save you a lot of time and energy.
We often tend to accept anything that people tell us because for us it may be hard to say no to their face or we don’t know how to be honest with them. This one simple thing will change your life. We don’t have to please people every time, in fact it is impossible to satisfy everyone around us and make them happy. Sometimes we have to stand for ourselves and think about our own good and peace.
I want you to pause here and think about the times when people said “no” to you. Why did they not hesitate to say “no”? Did you feel awfully bad when they don’t say yes to you? No, right? You are not hurting others by saying no, you are just looking after yourself when you do that. So there is absolutely no reason to feel bad about saying no.
Nobody can be nice all the time and you are simply hurting yourself by attempting to be one. You are not always responsible for others well being and happiness. I have caught myself saying yes when I was so not interested in doing something or even when I was busy I refused to say no.
This is actually a serious problem, when you put your mental health at risk and accept everyone’s request around you, it will definitely make you feel bad and sometimes people won’t even consider your efforts or in what position you are when you accept their requests so I would say anything that costs your mental health is not worth it.
The bottom line is, if you don’t want it, don’t do it. Being nice will allow some toxic people to get advantage on you. They will think “he/she will never say no so we can use them to complete the work”. I am sure you don’t want to be treated this way. For that, you should learn to put your priorities first before pleasing others. Learning this will benefit you in lot of ways by hurting no one. But every time you say yes, you are hurting yourself. “Saying no is one of the best forms of self-care we can engage in” Washington says. When you say no, you let people know that you are strong enough to put your thoughts first and that you are not there to please anyone. Also you are not hurting the other person. Most times the person is going to understand your situation.
How to say no?
It is not as simple as it sounds but once you start doing it. you will feel really good about yourself.
Imagine, someone comes to you and asks for some help. But you are busy at the moment and you have lot other works. You really want to help that person but you can’t. You can tell the person, “I really wish I could help but sorry I can’t, I have to do another work”. Saying this simply makes it all easier than saying yes to anything that comes to you.
Practice it every time when you really want to say “no” to save yourself from any big responsibilities.
Sports and India are like the two sides of a coin that can change the angle but can never depart. The nation has always tried to encourage young buds for athletics and games. Cricketers like Sachin Tendulkar, Boxers like Mary Kom, and athletes like Milkha Singh are known for their fury and fervor. However, there is only one winner and after several years of dedication and wait, India finally found its champion.
It was all unplanned
The date of 7th August 2021 will always be memorized for the first win of the Olympic Gold Medal in Athletics. It was no other than Neeraj Chopra who mesmerized the entire stadium with his outstanding throw in Javelin held in Tokyo. Born on 24th December in the house of a farmer at Panipat is now known for his 87.58m throw. He was not a passionate kid who was practicing hard to enter sports. Rather, his heavyweight forced his father to send him stadium for running. This lead to the advent of his inquisitiveness in the field of athletics. After attempting several games, he finally discovered his strength. The more he practiced, the more he loved. Since then, his journey of medals began in Javelin and he made several records at various events.
I made it!!
Record is broken
Neeraj underwent elbow surgery before the game and it was told that he will not be playing. It was that time when his hand was bandaged and it is now when he is holding the gold medal in that same hand. This was a very proud moment for every Indian and the curiousness turned into wishes from renowned personalities and interviews which revealed multiple secrets of his life. The lazy kid has grown into a responsible citizen who wants to work hard for the dignity of the country. His words, “For now I want to focus on my career, marriage will happen at the right time” truly proves that. Like others, he also overcame numerous challenges and gained success. Joining camp was the turning point of his life which gave him the facilities to become the man he is today!
Inspiration of Today
Everything is changing except thinking. Parents have always been skeptical about sending their children into this field where success does not come to everyone. Regardless, experiencing the achievement of a player whose journey was an incident and not a plan will motivate all fresh minds to take a step forward. On this Independence Day let’s celebrate the victory of not only those who gave their beats to save our hearts but also the ones who made their lives black and white to demonstrate India’s flag colorful.
Looking for the positivity does not necessarily mean overlooking faults. being a positive thinker does not mean one has to agree or accept everything. It only means that a person is solution-focused.
– Shiv Khera
This book was recommended to me. I had high hopes on it that it will be as good as they said. And it turned true. It is one of the wonderful life-changing books. This book defines success. It gives us solutions to come from failure to success. Its easy language of description makes it easier to grasp the concepts
This book helps increase self confidence and achieve great goals in life. It gives a lot more inspiration for businesses related people. The book contains small basic stories, quotes in between and action plan at the end of every chapter to let you know about yourself.The perfect balance of professional & personal development can be maintained on reading & understanding this book.
Under Adverse conditions – some people break down,some break records
– Shiv Khera
A practical, common sense guide that will help you: · Build confidence by mastering the seven steps to positive thinking · Be successful by turning weaknesses into strengths · Gain credibility by doing the right things for the right reasons · Take charge by controlling things instead of letting them control you · Build trust by developing mutual respect with people around you · Accomplish more by removing the barriers to effectiveness
Motivation is like fire—unless you keep adding fuel to it, it dies. Your fuel is your belief in your inner values.
– Shiv Khera
This book is totally worth every minute you spend on reading it. It’s even worth every penny you spend on it. It keeps you motivated. Hunger for positivity increases. This book is truly recommended to those who wish to change themselves for a better version of themselves.
Like I say : Reading books is magic, it makes you live hundreds of lives in a single one. Or atleast that’s what I believe. Hopefully this book will have an impact and magic you are/ were waiting for. I’ll take a leave.
The Taliban has encouraged India to desist from having a military role in Afghanistan, notwithstanding India’s humanitarian and developmental efforts in the country, including the construction of the Salma Dam, roads, and other infrastructural projects. Suhail Shaheen, a Taliban spokesperson stationed in Qatar, told ANI, “What do you mean by military role?” If they come militarily to Afghanistan and establish a presence. I believe that will not be beneficial to them, since they have witnessed the consequences of other countries’ military presence in Afghanistan. As a result, they have an open book in front of them. In terms of their assistance to the Afghan people or national programmes, I believe they have done a good job.
When the clocks strikes 12 on August 15, the unforgettable day in the minds of Indians. The day we broke the shackles of colonialism and breathe the air of freedom. The occasion to celebrate the countless sacrifices,sweat and blood of our freedom fighters. Let the idea of India be a timeless, tricolor dream. Let’s hoist the flag of dedication to that dream.
Let’s salute our great nation on its Independence Day! I hope you all feel grateful for the freedom you have and are proud of the nation you were born to. “Jai Hind!”
Be Here’s to the future full of understanding, appreciation and gratitude. Today let us take some time to value our nation and never forget the sacrifices from those who gave us freedom. May your spirits rise with the flag today! Happy Independence Day!
Quotes for tribute of 15th August.
“Sare Jahan Se Achha Hindustan Hamara” – Muhammad Iqbal
“Vande Mataram” – Bankim Chandra Chatterjee “Swaraj mera janamsiddh adhikar hai, aur mai ise lekar rahuga” – Bal Gangadhar Tilak “Satyameva Jayate” – Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya “Khoon se khelenge Holi gar Vatan mushkil main hai” – Ashfaqullah Khan
Basically, photography’s goal is to convey and archive explicit minutes on schedule. At the point when you snap an image and offer it with others, you’re showing a second that was caught in a photo. From the air to what people are doing, this moment can uncover a great deal.
For instance, in case you’re a city-based editorial picture taker, the pictures you take will remain chronicled for quite a long time. Individuals a long time from now will actually want to perceive what life resembled by taking a gander at the pictures.
In case you’re a wedding picture taker, the couple you’re shooting is depending on you to catch a rare occasion. The objective is to catch glad, cheerful, and adoring minutes. They will love these photos for the remainder of their life. As you investigate your general surroundings, photography records recollections and urges you to be available.
Hardly any reasons why photography is so significant
Photography is both a dream and a show-stopper. Catching photographs is essential for history and individuals’ lives, paying little mind to your ability level. Coming up next are a portion of the reasons why photography is so significant. Gathering significant minutes in your day to day existence requires the utilization of Photography. Photography is an awesome movement since it is both agreeable and open to individuals, all things considered. Nobody is forcing or testing you. In photography, all you need is a telephone and a camera. Gather minutes and trial in an unexpected way. The passage boundary is practically non-existent.
2. You can start at whatever stage in life, with any camera, and at any level. Taking photos is an exceptionally close to home insight. To start taking pictures and working on your abilities, you needn’t bother with a costly camera or an inventive foundation. I’ve seen some mind boggling photos taken with a mobile phone camera. There are numerous basic and charming things to find out about structure, light, openness, and altering that will quickly and effectively lift anybody’s photography.
3. Photos empower us to trade and convey data. Pictures are considerably more than simply an assortment of information. Photography takes advantage of our best and most liberal side: the motivation to share what we discover stunning and fascinating with others. You just need to look at the plenty of photograph sharing locales to see this propensity at work, as a large number of individuals offer their own, enthusiastic, and incidentally strange points of view on their general surroundings. To put it another way, our photos can permit aliens to impart our lives to us.
4. Self-articulation with blossoms on her head, a lady grins. Perhaps the most fundamental purposes behind the significance of photography is that it permits you to communicate your thoughts. It’s a fabulous imaginative source for communicating how you feel, conviction, think, and love. Best of all, you are allowed to do anything you desire. Photography knows no limits, regardless the “rules” and approaches are. You have total opportunity to communicate your thoughts.
5. We become craftsmen in light of photography. We can communicate our thoughts through photography as a fine art. We wish to photo dazzling landscape or an old man’s wrinkled face. Every one of us will have an interesting inspiration for snapping a picture, however we as a whole need to deliver something. Regardless of whether our all day lives are unremarkable, the formation of an image qualifies us as a craftsman.
Late episode of avalanches in the northern piece of India has welcomed a reestablished focus on the disadvantages of advancement. Life is so valuable, and seeing it vanish in almost no time on viral recordings via online media is upsetting, without a doubt. Simultaneously, it brings mindfulness, and the majority can start to have an open discourse.
The Indian Subcontinent is so various and lovely. It is separated into three sorts of landforms i.e mountain, level and fields. The northernmost space of India i.e the territory of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal, and Uttarakhand, has bumpy sort of landform as they are at higher heights.
Prior in India land courses were not extremely evolved. Spots were not effectively available, not even in plain regions. Later the transportation framework in India created, offices improved and presently pretty much all aspects of the nation is available, even in the mountain regions.
In fields, it’s not difficult to build a street or to set up a rail line network yet in mountain areas it is quite difficult. As the innovation created, the development of streets became conceivable between the mountains. In addition, burrows were developed for running trains. So what is the strategy through which these streets and railroads are being developed? This is finished by breaking or slicing mountains through impacts with high sonic sounds. Over the most recent couple of many years the travel industry in India has been advanced effectively, as it gives great pay to the country and helps in the development of GDP.
India is where culture and religion has impacted individuals to such an extent. Individuals probably won’t go as an energy or for entertainment only yet they will head out to visit sanctuaries and other strict spots. Kashmir is the paradise of India, Kedarnath, Badrinath and Vaishnodevi are the most famous and notable strict spots of the travel industry. These sanctuaries are arranged in the himalayan locales. Going there sometime in the distant past was practically outlandish. Practically every one of the popular sanctuaries are arranged on the pinnacle of the mountains and once in a year individuals visit in swarms when the entryways open for love.
In bumpy regions, giving labor and products was troublesome in before times and henceforth the advancement of the transportation framework has made the existences of individuals living there simple. On one hand this load of improvements have given availability to individuals and have increased the expectation of living of individuals. On other hand it has hurt the normal and genuine magnificence of nature. Because of the travel industry the business and acquiring of individuals has expanded, however when you attempt to enhance, with the assistance of innovation for your own solace it influences the strength of the normal landforms.
This breakdown of mountains powerfully by man has brought about avalanches. At the point when the stones are cut ,the lopsidedness happens in the change of rocks and thus they stall naturally and slide down on the land making hurt life and property. Ordinarily these avalanches block the way.
Geologically, an avalanche is the development of the stones and flotsam and jetsam down a slant affected by gravity. Human elements are exceptionally liable for avalanches these days. Development exercises of people have expanded the delicacy of mountains, particularly of himalayan mountains. Of the relative multitude of world’s avalanches, 30% happen in the Himalaya, as indicated by a South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). The fundamental justification these kinds of avalanches are mining and badly arranged street development. For the age of power, dams are being based on the banks of waterways in the sloping regions and henceforth prompting the obliteration.
It is said that everyone has their constraints of resistance of torment as is with the nature. We people have badgering and abused the assets of nature. It’s nice to be useful and improvement is a significant part of human culture. In the climate where man resides he needs to create and develop, however this ought to be adjusted. On the off chance that once you have consumed your fingers, why put your hand again in a similar fire? In case it is realized that these developments are bringing about the death toll and property and hurting nature’s stability,it ought to be halted, yet people are so narrow minded and insatiable they will keep doing it. At the point when nature becomes forceful it’s extremely appalling for living souls.
Stratification analysis is a quality assurance tool used to sort data, object, and people into separate and distinct group.
2. Histogram:
quality professional are often tasked with analyzing and interpreting the behavior of different group of data in an effort to manage quality.
this is where quality control tools like the histogram come into play.
3. Check sheet:
check sheets can be used to collect quantitative or qualitative data. When used to collect quantitative data, they can be called a tally sheet.
4 cause-and-effect diagram:
Introduced by karoru Ishikawa, the fishbone diagram helps users identify the various factors leading to an effect, usually depicted as a problem to be solved.
5 Pareto chart:
As a quality control tool, the Pareto chart operates accounting to the 80-20rule.
This rule assume that in any process, 80% of a process’s or system’ s problem ate caused by 20% of major factor, often referred to as the ” Vital few”.
6. Scatter diagram:
out of the seven quality tools, the scatter diagram is most useful in depicting the relationship between two variable which is ideal for quality assurance professional Trying to identify cause and effect relationship.
7. Control charts:
The control chart is a graph used to study how a central a process change over time,. Data are plotted on time.
A control chart always has a central line for the average charts, an upper line for the upper control limit, and lower line for the lower control limit. Control chart for variable data are used in pairs.
Your feminine cycle assists your body with getting ready pregnancy consistently. It additionally causes you to have a period in case you’re not pregnant. Your monthly cycle and period are constrained by chemicals like estrogen and progesterone. Here’s the means by which everything goes down. You have 2 ovaries, and every one holds a lot of eggs. The eggs are really minuscule — too little to even consider seeing with the unaided eye.
During your monthly cycle, chemicals make the eggs in your ovaries develop — when an egg is adult, that implies it’s fit to be treated by a sperm cell. These chemicals likewise make the coating of your uterus thick and elastic. So if your egg gets prepared, it has a decent comfortable spot to land and begin a pregnancy. This covering is made of tissue and blood, as nearly all the other things inside our bodies. It has bunches of supplements to assist a pregnancy with developing. Part of the way through your feminine cycle, your chemicals advise one of your ovaries to deliver a develop egg — this is called ovulation. The vast majority don’t feel it when they ovulate, yet some ovulation manifestations are bulging, spotting, or a little aggravation in your lower tummy that you may just feel on one side. When the egg leaves your ovary, it goes through one of your fallopian tubes toward your uterus.
In the event that pregnancy doesn’t occur, your body needn’t bother with the thick covering in your uterus. Your coating separates, and the blood, supplements, and tissue stream out of your body through your vagina. Presto, it’s your period! In the event that you do get pregnant, your body needs the coating — that is the reason your period quits during pregnancy. Your period returns when you’re not pregnant any longer.
When in life do periods begin and stop? Eventually during pubescence, blood emerges from your vagina, and that is your first period. The vast majority get their first period between ages 12 and 14, however a few group get them prior or later than that. It’s basically impossible to know precisely when you’ll get it, however you might feel a few PMS indications (connection to PMS segment) a couple of days before it occurs. On the off chance that you don’t get your period when you’re 16, it’s a smart thought to visit a specialist or attendant. Peruse more about getting your first period.
The vast majority quit getting their period when they’re somewhere in the range of 45 and 55 years of age — this is called menopause. Menopause can require a couple of years, and periods for the most part change progressively during this time. After menopause is absolutely finished, you can’t get pregnant any longer. Peruse more about menopause. Your period might begin and stop around the time it accomplished for others you’re identified with, similar to your mother or sisters.
Do transsexual folks get a period? Not every person who gets a period distinguishes as a young lady or lady. Transsexual men and genderqueer individuals who have uteruses, vaginas, fallopian cylinders, and ovaries additionally get their periods. Having a period can be a distressing encounter for some trans people since it’s an update that their bodies don’t coordinate with their actual sex character — this uneasiness and nervousness is once in a while called sex dysphoria. Other trans individuals probably won’t be excessively troubled by their periods. Either response is typical and alright.
Now and then trans individuals who haven’t arrived at pubescence yet take chemicals (called adolescence blockers) to forestall the entirety of the gendered body changes that occur during pubescence, including periods. What’s more, individuals who as of now get periods can utilize specific kinds of conception prevention (like the embed or hormonal IUD) that help ease up or stop their periods. Chemical substitution treatment, such as taking testosterone, may likewise stop your period.
In the event that you begin taking testosterone, your period will disappear. In any case, this is reversible — on the off chance that you quit taking testosterone, your period will return. There can be a few changes in your feminine cycle before it stops for great. Periods get lighter and more limited over the long run, or come when you don’t anticipate it. You might have spotting or squeezing now and again until you quit getting your period, and once in a while even get-togethers appears to have halted — this is typical. Testosterone infusions make your periods disappear quicker than testosterone cream.
In the event that you experience sexual orientation dysphoria when you get your period, realize that you’re in good company. It very well might be useful to look at our assets and track down a trans-accommodating specialist in your space that you can converse with.
Sharks their name is enough to scare any one. Yes that’s for sure. They have some fearsome reputation for attacking humans but more humans are killed by lightning strike than by shark attacks in the world.
They are most ancient animal with low reproductive rates. Their skeleton is made up of cartilage, they are not able to see but their smelling power is more than enough to survive in the great oceans. They are deadly animals and even voilent to. Here, are some of the deadliest shark species for humans.
1) The Great White Shark
The Great White Shark ( Carcharodon carcharias) also known as white shark or great white are one of the deadliest animal. They are huge oceanic creature with 4.5m to 6.4m adult female and 3.4m to 4.1m adult male witha a weight of 520 to 1,100 kg adult. Their relationship with human is not so good. There is estimated to be unprovoked shark bite incident in 2012 to be 272 which is the largest as compared to different other species. Gradually the rates are lower in 2020 as compared to 2019, there is a drastic fall of 19.5% as in 2020.
2) The Tiger Shark
The tiger shark ( Galeocerdo cuvier). It has a length of 5m (16 ft 5 inch). Due to its dark stripes down it’s body which resembles the tiger pattern is called as tiger shark but these stripes fade away as the shark matures. They are found in temperate and tropical waters, and are mainly seen in central Pacific ocean. It comes second after the great white for fatal attacks on humans.
3) The Bull shark
The Bull shark ( Carcharhinus leucas) is also known as Zambezi shark. They are found worldwide along warm, shallow and coast of rivers. They are very well known for its aggressive nature and are found in both salt and fresh water. Make Bull shark grow upto 7 feet and females grow upto 11 feet. Their weight goes upto 91 to 227 kg. Human attacks are mainly found in freshwater and moreover less attacks are found and not every attack is fatal.
4) The Oceanic Whitetip shark
The oceanic whitetip shark ( Carcharhinus longimanus) also known as brown shark, lesser white shark. Its length ranges from 3.4m to 5m or 11ft to 13ft and its weight goes upto 167kg. It is aggressive towards humans. They are known to have attacked many survivor of ships.
5) The shortfin mako shark
The shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinxhus) also known as blue pointer or bonito shark. Its size can reach upto 4m (13ft in length). This shark species is classified as endangered species by IUCN. This species is sexually dimorphic with female exceeding a length of 12ft and weight of 570kg. It only shows 9 attacks out of which only one was fatal on human between 1580 to 2017. But after 2017 they are regularly blamed for attack on humans, which are mainly due to harrasment for catching or killing of the fish.
There are many more deadliest species of sharks which cause damage to humans.
* A tree is a tall plant with woody tissue. Trees gather light for photosynthesis through their leaves; this process creates “food” for the tree.
* Most of a tree trunk is dead tissue and serves only to support the weight of the tree crown. The outside layers of the tree trunk are the only living portion. The cambium produces new wood and new bark.
* The band of tissue outside of the cambium is the phloem. Phloem transports new materials (the sugars created from photosynthesis) from the crown to the roots. Dead phloem tissue becomes the bark of a tree.
* The band of tissue just inside of the cambium is the xylem, which transports water from the roots to the crown. Dead xylem tissue forms the heartwood, or the wood we use for many different purposes.
*Every year, trees grow two annual rings. In the spring, usually a wider and thinner-walled layer called springwood forms. In the summer, a thicker-walled layer, called summerwood, develops. Annual rings are typical in temperate forest trees.
PARTS OF A TREE
* Leaves – broadleaf or needles; primary location for photosynthesis and production of hormones and other chemicals. * Twigs and Branches – support structures for leaves, flowers and fruits. * Crown – the upper part of the tree composed of leaves, twigs, branches, flowers and fruit. * Flowers – the site of reproduction. Trees can be male, female or both. Conifers, however, do not have petals and typical flower structures. * Fruits and Seeds – all trees have seeds, most are inside of the fruit. * Trunk – generally a single “stem,” but can be multiple-stemmed. Main functions are materials transport and support. * Bark – main function is to protect the living tissue called cambium from damage. * Roots – two main functions: (1) collect nutrients and water and (2) anchor the tree
TREES GROW
* At the twig tips (apical meristem) * At the root tips (root apical meristem) * At the cambium (old xylem cells become heartwood, old phloem cells become bark)
Consistency is an art and the one who masters it is an artist. I believe that once you learn this art or start practising this art you can win like anything. Victory is guaranteed. This art is difficult because many people make it complex. Whereas, the nature of the art truly is extremely simple. YOU JUST HAVE TO DO IT.
Here are five benefits or reasons why consistency is an important habit to have. Knowing these reasons can be the motivation you need to give more attention to it.
1. It develops discipline and self-control
Forming a new habit can be challenging because it’s easier to go back to what you’re comfortable with. Your ability to be consistent requires self-control, which means you don’t allow yourself to get off track while staying focused on incremental improvement. This will help you develop the discipline required to keep going.
2. It builds a higher level of trust
The level of trust you have with yourself shows up in the level of trust others have with you. Being consistent will help build momentum. This means you’ll also feel good about what you’re working towards.
3. It can fast track your improvement or development in any area
Consistency will lead to progress, which can speed up the achievement of what you want. This will build your self-confidence, which will help you set bigger and more challenging goals.
4. It will create accountability
Your results will reveal if you’re consistent or not. If you know you’re not on track, you can hold yourself accountable. This means you can adjust your actions or behaviour and keep progressing towards what you want.
5. It will help you stand out or be noticed
Small actions carried out repeatedly will amount to big results over time. When you do something for a long period, you will differentiate yourself from those who aren’t consistent. This can help you attract new opportunities that may not have been possible if you hadn’t been consistent.
Allocate time every week to the things that matter to you.
Notice your triggers and what motivates you.
Review your progress and ask for feedback regularly.
Celebrate any successes you’ve achieved to maintain momentum and stay motivated.
Conclusion
You can accomplish anything you want in life if you have the right strategies and take the right actions consistently. When you accept consistency is an important habit, you can use it to your advantage, which will improve how you feel and the results you create.
There is no question that everybody loves to investigate new spots or to do voyaging while they travel for significant stretch of time or brief timeframe, there is something normal that is needed in both time span voyaging and that is travel fundamentals. In occasions, for the most part individuals go out to new spots to investigate them and to invest energy with their family at those new spots and gain experiences forever.
However you definitely know what things to be pack for an outing yet at the same time there are times when you fail to remember fundamental things that is an unquestionable requirement to be gone on an outing, so its better to keep away from last min confusion simply a make a rundown of what you need to go on an outing and so forth. That will make your work substantially more simpler and afterward you won’t confront any bedlam or issue in your time. Yet, there are times when you make a rundown yet fails to remember a few things, so to stay away from the present circumstance too process your sacks prior to leaving so that it’ll be useful for you as though you fail to remember something to pack you can add that thing and go for the excursion.
While taking into account what to pack for an outing, things can get overpowering rapidly, and we get that. Here is your movement fundamental registration.
So lets view the a portion of the movement fundamentals for men –
Duffle pack for voyaging – The duffle sack is exceptionally helpful in voyaging trips and is profoundly strong. It can likewise protect your things from the cruel medicines at the excursion as you keep your pack anyplace and at the air terminal too as the sack has great plastic padding at the base.. There are numerous fit zipper pockets too for keeping little stuffs like keeping electronic things, individual things and the sky is the limit from there. It additionally has removable shoulder ties and hold handles simultaneously.
Travel pack – Its better to keep a movement unit to stay away from the pressure of unforeseen travel confusions. Cleanliness is vital while making a trip as you will encounter distinctive natural conditions so keeping your cleanser and body was is an unquestionable requirement. Travel pack might incorporate toothbrush, toothpaste and dental necessities, antiperspirant it’ll make you smell wonderful, keep your razor, shaving cream and post-shaving astringent salve to keep up with yourself and take a gander at it, Moisturizer, lip demulcent is in every case great to convey on account of natural condition, bandage, medication as it is should to keep, hand sanitizers, goggles, and the stuff you might want to keep in your movement unit.
Garments as indicated by your disposition, your vacation location, your character. You can blend n match your garments as indicated by your taste and have a go at something else and perhaps you’ll feel great in the wake of having a go at something else and new in your dress sense.
Shoes – While voyaging shoes are an unquestionable requirement thing. While voyaging men as a rule attempt various kinds of shoes as indicated by their need like lightweight or fit to event. A couple of good games shoes can go with each outfit you wear while voyaging like agreeable garments and that’s just the beginning. You convey your typical shoes when going for conferences or gathering that coordinates with your clothing. You can convey loafers as they are all inclusive they look best with all looks.
Different extras – You can add other stuff to your satchel which you like and figure that it will be useful for you for the excursion like reversible belt, cap or cap, earphones, another sim card as while voyaging if your typical sim doesn’t work you will have another sim for your calls.
Presently we’ll view some of movement fundamental for ladies –
Portable bag – One of the main things while voyaging is bag. It doesn’t make any difference whether you are doing a wilderness journey or doing traveling in valleys a rucksack is particularly deprived for everybody. For a young lady it is particularly deprived as they need to convey such a huge amount with them and their own stuff as well, so a decent and solid sack is enthusiastically suggested.
Multi-pocket cosmetics sack – It is extremely apparent that how cosmetics affects ladies. Regardless of whether its an excursion or an occasion ladies loves to do cosmetics and look delightful. Doing cosmetics is ladies individual decision and who would not like to glance excellent in photographs while voyaging. There are so many cosmetics forces to be reckoned with who motivates to train how to do cosmetics while voyaging that suits you and doesn’t look weighty. So its better to convey multi cosmetics pocket which keeps your cosmetics material sort out with the goal that you can discover every one of your things at ideal time and saves your time.
Bunches of garments – While voyaging you need loads of garments exceptionally ladies. They need distinctive garments as per various events or spots. Like visiting a sea shore you need distinctive garments, while shopping you need diverse garments, while going out on the outing you need various sets of fabric, etc, so keeping various kinds of material while voyaging will be gainful for you.
Cushions or cups for feminine cleanliness – Periods are excluded visitors extraordinarily while voyaging so there are many outings you’ll be going while on periods since you can’t drop your arrangements on account of periods. Thus, its better to keep these things with you so you won’t deal with any issue while voyaging.
Great footwears – Just like you need to keep agreeable garments, you need to keep agreeable footwears as well and assortment of footwears that will supplement your dresses. Like you can keep your boots, your heels, your shoes and the sky is the limit from there,
Another sim card and force bank – While voyaging now and then your sim card doesn’t work at certain spots and you can’t impart so its better to keep another sim card for these circumstances. Force bank is extremely fundamental as your telephone can bite the dust whenever while voyaging like you are on journeying and your telephone kicks the bucket so you can accuse it of your force bank. So its better to keep these things with you.
Tote – Its an unquestionable requirement thing and you can’t leave without it as you keep a ton of things in it while voyaging, everything you need close by including your own stuff.
Small wallet – As you can’t take out your hand ask each time that is the reason you need this that can be taken out at whenever.
There numerous different things that you can add to your rundown as indicated by you like shades, suns cream, lotion, emergency treatment, earphones, etc
Independence Day 2021: On the History, Importance and Rare Facts of the National Flag On this day each year, the Prime Minister of India unfurls the national flag or “tricolor” at the Red Fort. This year, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi (Narendra Modi) will also raise the tricolor and deliver a speech from the Red Fort to the country
On this day each year, the Prime Minister of India extends the national flag “tiranga” or “tricolor” at the Red Fort. This year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi (Narendra Modi) will also raise the tricolor and head to the country from the Red Fort. For the Unknown, the national flag was produced after a number of modifications and developments.
Take a look at some interesting facts about the national flag:
1- The first national flag of India was raised on August 7, 1906 at Parsee Bagan Square (Green Park) in Calcutta (then Calcutta). It consists of three horizontal stripes in green, yellow and red (from top to bottom). There is a sun and a new moon in the red bar and eight lotus flowers in the green bar. 2- The second banner was launched in 1907 by Mrs. Kama and her band of exiled revolutionaries. The second logo is similar to the first, but some changes have been made to it. The color of the strips has changed, with saffron at the top, yellow in the middle, and green at the bottom. The lotus has replaced the upper stripe with stars, and the positions of the sun and crescent moon have also been swapped. 3- In 1917, during the local self-government movement, Dr. Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak raised the third revision of the national flag. On the third flag, five red and four green horizontal stripes are arranged alternately. It has the Union Jack in the upper left corner and seven stars in the saptarishi configuration. In one corner, a white crescent moon and a star were also placed. 4- In 1921, a young man from Andhra presented a new flag design to Mahatma Gandhi during the All India Congress Committee meeting. It has two colors, red and green. Red represents Hindus, while green represents Muslims. Gandhi then suggested that he add another white stripe to represent all remaining Indian communities. The idea of adding a spinning wheel to the design was also proposed by Gandhi as a symbol of national progress. 5-Then, in 1931, a resolution was passed to adopt the tricolor flag as the national flag of India. It has three strips of saffron, white and green (from top to bottom), with a spinning wheel in the middle. Although people are very good with these strips, they are opposed to including a spinning wheel because it has no public meaning. 6-Finally, the Constituent Assembly passed the Free India flag on July 22, 1947. The color bars and the meaning of the Indian flag remained unchanged after independence. However, the Ashoka wheel replaced the spinning wheel as a symbol of the national flag.
Steve Jobs by Walter Isaac is a biography of Steve Jobs that entails not only Steve’s detailed account about founding the iconic Apple company but it also details various aspects of his personal life and his decision making process. This article is not a review of the biography but it is just a list of things that I wanted to point out that were applicable to my own life and what lessons I learnt from it.
I have only ever seen Steve Jobs through online videos where he is introducing some of the most quintessential products of the decade like the iPhone, Mac air, and iPod that would all dictate the technological world for many years to come. The very first video I so of him was when he was on stage eloquently introducing the Mac book Air, he was so calm and collective and I remember being so enticed and willing to buy a product that was over a decade old. After watching a few more videos, I was absolutely awe struck by his sales technique. It was then that I realized that his method of presentation far exceeded the product on display and with enough time he’d be able to sell sand in a desert. But despite this spectacle, I was never really inspired to follow suit to develop my own presentation techniques to market myself better as a person. This was because when Steve was on stage he never stuttered or felt lost for words even once-as I often do. This made me think that maybe some people are just born confident with that level of leadership skills. It just felt so out of reach. That is before I came across his biography.
In the early days of his childhood and high school teens his demeanor was not much different from that of an average introverted person. He had very few friends and would spend most of his time working in the garage with his father. But, from a young age he showed a very potent interest in the field of engineering. Also, by a sheer stroke of luck, he happened to be living right in the middle of silicon valley, where the next decade’s worth of technological innovations would come from. Although success at this point feels tangible, Steve was still not the charismatic business magnet that we know him for today. He was no doubt brilliant in the field of engineering, but he was nowhere near the best. That title went to Steve Wozniack who is the Co-founder of apple. So if he did not find success through the field of engineering, how was he actually successful?
When he joined Reed college in the summer of 1972, he was just a normal skinny kid who liked to pull pranks all the time. His first step of growth was when he met Robert Friedland when he was selling his old type writer to him. Robert was unlike anyone Steve ever met before, he immediately took a liking to him. Robert was a very audacious and outgoing personal, unlike Steve. He would always speak his mind no matter what the situation or how it would make the other person feel. Steve was intrigued by his orthodox methods of dealing with problems and he soon accepted Robert as his sensei. Over the years Robert’s personality would rub off into his own and it was not long before he started developing his cold unforgiving stare and reality distortion field. Steve would then undertake many spiritual trips to discover himself and commit many mistakes on the way before becoming Steve Jobs the Co-founder of APPLE.INC. What this taught me is that no one is born a leader and even the best of the best have not always been the person they are today. I learnt that leadership comes with your own personal experience and the endeavors you have taken throughout your life time.
“Always remember, your focus determines your reality.” — George Lucas
Unless you have a strong desire to learn the information or develop a skill, it can be hard to focus all of your attention in one place. If you are impatient to learn or master anything, it wouldn’t benefit you more. If you are restless, you will make more mistakes and you will be more distracted as your whole focus will be on result, not on your action.
Instead, remain calm and be devoted to your work.
A mind which is calmer helps you to concentrate better, attaining undivided focus and it makes you proactive.
Television, smart phones, social media, friends, and family can all distract you from your goal of doing well in school. Create an environment that helps you focus. Set a schedule that maximized your study time. Try different study techniques and take breaks so you don’t become too overwhelmed. Here are some of the best tricks that scientists have come up with to help you increase your focus in studying.
Get rid of distractions. Choose the right spot. In order to concentrate, you must eliminate those things that you know will distract you. Put up mobile devices. Turn off the TV. Close other pages in your web browser. Sit away from people making loud noises.
Play music without lyrics. Some people cannot stand silence. They need to have background noise to help keep themselves motivated. Consider playing classical music softly. For some people, music helps them concentrate. For some, it doesn’t. Try it out and see what works best for you. A little something in the background can make you forget that you’re studying instead of out having fun.
Come prepared. Be sure to have all the materials needed to work. Have pencils, pens, highlighters, paper, textbooks, calculators, or whatever else will help you finish the task. Organize the area. A clean space will mean less distractions too. Your goal should be to take care of everything outside of studying before you sit down to focus. If not, you’ll just end up getting up repeatedly. Having to stop and start takes more time than continuously working.
Find a place where you can “unplug”. One of the biggest complaints that teachers have about their students is their inability to concentrate on a subject. Our constant use of social media and personal devices like cell phones divides our attention and makes it more difficult to concentrate.
Learn when to say no. Often times, people find it difficult to concentrate on their studies because they are overextended with other obligations. If this is you, don’t be afraid to tell people no. Just explain that you need to study and won’t have the time or energy to do so, if you help them out.
Ultimately, there’s no quick, one-size-fits-all solution to staying focused while studying. Different methods and tools will work better for some than others. However, with a little trial and error and the tools and techniques above, you can create a routine of focused studying that works best for you.
A Database Transaction is a logical unit of processing in a DBMS which entails one or more database access operation. It is a sequence of operations that form a single unit of work.
A transaction is often initiated by an application program
Begin a transaction
START TRANSACTION
Ends a transaction
COMMIT (if successful) or ROLLBACK (if errors)
A transaction T transforms one consistent database state into another consistent database state. During the execution of T, the database may be temporarily inconsistent.
Either the whole transaction must be succeed or the effect of all operations has to be undone (rollback).
There are two main transaction issues
concurrent execution of multiple transactions
recovery after hardware failures and system crashes
DBMS is the management of data that should remain integrated when any changes are done in it. It is because if the integrity of data is affected, whole data will get distributed and corrupt. Therefore, to maintain integrity of the data, there are four properties which are known as ACID properties.
Operations in Transaction
Following are the two main operations in a transaction:
Read operation
Write operation
Read Operation:This operation transfers the data item from the database and then stores it in a buffer in main memory.
Write Operation:This operation writes the updated data value back to the database from the buffer.
For example: Let Tbe a transaction that transfer Rs50 from X account to Y account. This transaction can be defined as:
T : read(X);
X := X – 50;
write(X);
read(Y);
Y := Y + 50;
write(Y);
Assume that the value of both X and Y before starting of the transaction T is 100.
The first operation read the value of X (100) from the database and stores it in a buffer. The second operation will decrease X value by 50. So buffer will contain 50. The third operation will write the value of the buffer to the database. So the final value of X will be 50.
The fourth operation read the value of Y (100) from the database and stores it in a buffer. The fifth operation will add X value by 50. So buffer will contain 150. The sixth operation will write the value of buffer to the database. So the final value of Y will be 150.
ACID properties are used for maintaining the integrity of database during transaction processing. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.
Atomicity
A transaction is a single unit of operation. You either execute it entirely or do not execute it at all.
For example, in an application that transfers funds from one account to another, the atomicity property ensures that, if a debit is made successfully from one account, the corresponding credit is made to the other account.
Consistency
Once the transaction is executed, it should move from one consistent state to another.
For example, in an application that transfers funds from one account to another, the consistency property ensures that the total value of funds in both the accounts is the same at the start and end of each transaction.
Isolation
Even though transactions are executing concurrently, they should appear to be executed in isolation – that is, their final effect should be as if each transaction was executed in isolation from start to finish.
For example, in an application that transfers funds from one account to another, the isolation property ensures that another transaction sees the transferred funds in one account or the other, but not in both, nor in neither.
Durability
Once a transaction is committed, its changes (writes) applied to the database must never be lost because of subsequent failure.
For example, in an application that transfers funds from one account to another, the durability property ensures that the changes made to each account will not be reversed.
Hi all, Today I am going to share about the weird laws that being practiced in other countries.
SINGAPORE: 1.ANNOYING OTHERS WITH A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT OR SINGING IN PUBLIC: Penalty: Up to 3 months in prison or $1,000 fine According to Singapore Statutes Online, singing, reciting or uttering any obscene song (especially if they contain swear words) in public is illegal. 2.CONNECTING TO SOMEONE ELSE’S WIFI: Penalty: Up to 3 years in prison and/or $10,000 fine. Using another person’s wifi is defined as hacking in Singapore. 3.SMOKING IN PUBLIC: Penalty: $150 – 1,000 fine Smoking is banned in public places and vehicles. 4.SELLING CHEWING GUM: Penalty: $100,000 – 2 years in jail The sale of chewing gum is illegal, bringing it into the country is an offence and spitting it is even worse.
CANADA: 1.IT’S FORBIDDEN TO PAY IN COINS: paying for purchases with a lot of coins is prohibited. According to the Canadian government, you are allowed to use only 25 loonies (a Canadian one-dollar coin) and 5 coins of 25 cents each. 2.IT’S ILLEGAL TO REMOVE A BANDAGE IN PUBLIC: If you remove the bandage somewhere in public, including parks or sidewalks, you can consider yourself a criminal. 3.IT’S ILLEGAL TO ACCIDENTALLY SCARE A CHILD TO DEATH: According to the Canadian government, it’s illegal to scare a sick person or child to death.
JAPAN: 1.YOU CAN’T BE FAT: Metabo Law, introduced in 2008 (read more about this here) enforces mandatory waist measurements for citizens between the ages of 40 and 74. If you are found to be above the recommended measurements, your company or local authority could be forced to pay a fine on your behalf. 2.YOU CAN’T MAKE YOUR OWN BEER: Homebrewing anything over 1% potency is illegal in Japan – but equipment for home brewing is sold openly and is readily available. 3.YOU CAN’T SMOKE OUTDOORS: you can’t smoke on the sidewalks in Japan, you will find numerous designated smoking areas in public outdoor areas that you can use to satisfy your cravings.
CALIFORNIA: 1.1.Women are not allowed to drive a motor vehicle while wearing a houseboat. 2.2.In Blythe, you are only permitted to wear cowboy boots if you own at least two cows. 3.3.Unless it is for amusement or drama, it is illegal for men and boys to dress as females in Walnut without a permit from the sheriff. 4.Flying a kite higher than 10 feet off the ground is also prohibited in Walnut.
East meets west with this global collaboration between high street style giant H&M and India’s biggest name in fashion Sabyasachi Mukherjee.The collaboration is also hugely symbolic in another way, it’s a platforming of Indian design on a global scale.
H&M is a Swedish multinational clothing-retail company known for its fast growing fashion clothing for men, women and children. As of November 2019, H&M operates in 74 countries with over 5,000 stores under the various company brands. It is the second-largest global clothing retailer, behind Spain-based Inditex (parent company of Zara).The company makes its online shopping available in 33 countries.
Sabyasachi Mukherjee is an Indian fashion designer, jewellery designer, retailer and couturier from Kolkata, India. Since 1999. For over two decades, “Sabyasachi” has been a household name in the realms of high fashion with his signature extravagant Indian bridal wear that have been worn by the riches of India’s high society to Bollywood superstars such as Deepika Padukone, Priyanka Chopra, and Anushka Sharma.
It is a truly proud moment for Indian fashion, for the first-time ever fashion giant H&M collaborates with an Indian label to create a capsule collection for its customers across the globe. The Sabyasachi H&M collaboration-themed “Wanderlust” will present rich textiles in modern as well as classic Indian silhouettes that resonate with the modern global nomad mindset. “I’ve done many collaborations and each one is diverse, but what I try to do with every collaboration is further the India story, take it forward; if I cannot have an Indian narrative, I don’t want to do it. With H&M it was such a proud moment, it’s like a lifetime achievement award when it comes to recognition of one’s work. It’s only when your label has a strong voice that it can traverse the mind space of many countries,” says the designer.
Designer Sabyasachi Mukherjee says “What you seek is seeking you” for his latest collaboration with H&M. The international fashion giant was looking for a partner to carry their voice in India and carry the Indian sensibility internationally, who better than the iconic label Sabyasachi to take the India narrative forward.
H&M, we are thrilled to be able to announce the new date for our collaboration with iconic Indian designer Sabyasachi. At a time like this, we believe people value the use of homegrown crafts and textiles more than ever and that’s something no one can do better than Sabyasachi. We look forward to taking this stunning collection to as many people across the global as we can,” states Maria Gemzell, Head of New Development, H&M.
The Sabyasachi H&M collection will offer a complete fashion wardrobe for both ladies and men, including accessories, jewelry, footwear, sunglasses all at accessible price points. Some highlight pieces include long flowy dresses, tunics, blouses, breezy shirts, wide pants and more. It will also offer a first of its kind collaboration saree which is exclusively designed for customers in India The collection is amazing, and it really shows the aesthetics of Sabyasachi– its electric, fluid, decorated; it has all the elements all fashion lovers across the globe love.
H&M has always collaborated with the biggest names across the globe, so it should come as no surprise then that Sabyasachi was their pick, as Gemzell adds, “H&M’s iconic collaborations cater to a global audience. We want to collaborate with partners who share are values and progress. Fashion is not only about clothes, but also about giving dreams and hopes to people, and so we choose talent and values which resonate this. It’s important to give something more to our customers all over the world and that’s why this collaboration was important to us.” “Collaborations create emotions and fashion is both global and local at the same time. India is a super important market for H&M and it’s a privilege to work with a talent and creative designer like Sabysachi,” asserts Gemzell.
Have you ever put off your homework till the last minute? Or perhaps studied for the test only a day before? Maybe delayed writing an essay till the last possible hour? All of us are guilty of delaying tasks and putting off important work until a later date. This is essentially procrastinating. It is the action of purposefully delaying any task or activity. In this procrastination essay, we will see the reasons and the solutions to this problem.
As we will see in this procrastination essay, this is not a rare phenomenon. Almost everyone is guilty of it at some point in their lives. So we ask ourselves this question – why do people procrastinate even when they are so busy most of the time? We live in the 21st century, where time is our most precious commodity. And yet, we waste this precious resource procrastinating our time away.
Why do we Procrastinate?
The reasons for a person procrastinating can be varied. It depends on person-to-person and situation-to-situation. However, there are some universal reasons that cause people to delay their tasks and actions. One of the most important ones is the fear of failure. When a person delays doing an important task or is disinterested in finishing it, the cause could be a deep-rooted fear of failure. It is in human nature to avoid and fear failure. So by choosing to never finish the task, we can avoid the consequences as well.
Another reason is the lack of focus and determination. Feeling directionless and unfocused can often cause people to lose their wills to do their jobs. This leads to procrastination. Sometimes the lack of goals and objectives is also the reason a person loses their focus. Since they do not have an end-goal in mind, they end up wasting energy in other useless tasks.
There are other reasons a person may procrastinate. Sometimes, a person may be too much of a perfectionist. This distracts them from other tasks. And then there are other reasons like laziness, low energy levels, easy distractions, etc.
How to Stop Procrastinating?
While procrastinating is a very natural fault we all share, if it gets out of hand it can get quite troublesome. Excessive procrastination can disrupt your life and cause you to lose control of your schedules and deadlines. So when the procrastination gets out of hand, you need to reign it in and get back in control.
One way to stop procrastinating is to break down the dreaded task into little steps. If the work or the task is too overwhelming, we tend to procrastinate about it. But if the job is broken down, then we can tackle one step at a time without being overwhelmed. You can also create a detailed timetable or a timeline of some sort to help you with the steps.
At other times changing your work environment may be beneficial. It can provide you with the boost necessary to stop procrastinating and finish the task. If possible get a friend or a parent to keep a check on your progress. It helps keep the motivation levels up and encourages you to finish the task on time.
The main concern is not to over-focus or blame yourself for procrastinating sometimes. We are all a victim to procrastination from time-to-time. As long as it does not derail your entire schedule, give yourself a break and just get back to work!
10 Ways To Stop Procrastinating
So why do I still do it? In fact, how come millions of people all over the world procrastinate even when they know they will regret it? More importantly still, is there anything that you can do to stop wasting your time, put an end to your procrastination, and get your work done? I discovered some great trick which helped me stay focused on my work, and saved me the embarrassment of missing crucial deadlines. Find out 10 tricks which helped me stop procrastinating, and can help you as well!
1. Don’t overthink it: A plan needn’t be perfect. It should just get the work done. Spending hours, days, or even weeks planning something, is only going to cause you endless delays.
2. Don’t wait too long to start:
So you have come up with the perfect plan to do it. Great! So why aren’t you starting? Stop waiting for the perfect moment, there is no such thing. Start today. Start this very instant. You will thank yourself later.
3. Divide and conquer: If the British could rule over half the world with this strategy, you can certainly use it to get that priority assignment done! Break it down. Start small, and just keep going. Divide, and conquer it all!
4. Stick to your deadlines: When you set a deadline for yourself, it is somewhat easy to not follow it. Follow them anyway. Make it a habit. Self-discipline is the only way to conquer procrastination.
5. Remove all obstacles: Whether you are studying or have an important project submission, it is easy to find things to keep you distracted. Identify what these commonly are, and eliminate them before you start work.
6. Work with others: Teams are made for a reason. They not only reduce your overall work load, they also keep you focused. Work with other people and surround yourself with them. If you have to study, go to the library or the common room.
7. Broadcast your goals: Seek support from your friends and let them know what you are trying to do. Tell them your goals. Their positive feedback will inspire you to work harder.
8. Ask an expert: There will be people who have already achieved what you are trying to do. Seek them out if you can and ask them for the strategy that helped them succeed.
9. Stop making your life difficult: There is no need to complicate things. Sometimes a task can be very simple, and we just keep making it harder by delaying or not planning properly. Do yourself a favour and simplify your goals whenever you can.
10. Be sure of why you are doing it: Setting a goal, such as Complete this assignment in 5 hours is a great start. But what is your end goal? How will you benefit? Remind yourself why you are working so hard, and it will help you stay focused.
So now you have my 10 simple ways to get work done. They helped me stop procrastinating and I hope they will help you succeed as well!
These days we hear music all the time, it wakes us up, motivates our workouts, keeps us company on our commutes. It doesn’t matter what kind of music it is, it itself has the ability to affect our moods and our bodies in all sorts of ways. It can give us chills even can make us cry.
Effects on Brain
Music activates every area of the brain that scientists have mapped so far. In fact, there is no area of the brain that music doesn’t touching some ways.
25 years ago there was an idea which said that language is in left side of the brain and music is in right side of the brain but now with better quality tools, higher resolution, neuroimaging and better experimental methods, it is discovered that thats not at all right so how does it effects our brain?
When music enters and then gets shuttled off to different parts of the brain:-
It stops at specialise processing units in auditory cortex, they track loudness, pitch, rhythm, etc.
The visual cortex activates when you’re reading notes as a musician or watching music.
Motor cortex activates when you move or dance or tap your feet, snap fingers, clapping your hands.
The Cerebellum activates and immediate the emotional responses.
The memory system in the Hippocampus will activate and will help you to recognise any familiar music or lines that you listen
Hence, music is going on in both halves of the brain, left and right, the front, back, the inside, and the outside.
How playing Instruments helps?
We can start learning to play instrument at any age. Picking up an instrument can provide some huge benefits for Intelligence, Physical well-being, Brain.
Playing an instrument requires:-
Auditory motor
Sensory
Visual system to work together
This inner system cooperation has some incredible outcomes that can affect many areas of life.
Different intensities of training produce different outcomes, even the most minimal practice can make a difference. Starting to play an instrument just one hour a week for few months can cause growth and increased activity in the parts of the brain responsible for memory, hearing, and motor. Researchers have found that this kind of activities can even increase IQ by 7 point or more.
Its also known that people who play musical instrument are better at other practical things too such as:-
Practical emotions
Learning new things/tasks
Creative problem solving
Musicians brain have better communication between left and right hemisphere which allows for more cooperation and out of the box thinking. Playing an instrument can also has benefits for brain and body.
boosting immune system function
Increase in resilience to hearing lose
Helps stroke patients regain motor skills
It’s been found that just listening to music can prompt the repair and regeneration of damage nerves in the brain.
Music is so much more than notes on a page, it can change the way we think, speak and feel. Music making and listen is really complex it’s not demystified till now it’s more mysterious than ever.
I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman.
Virginia Woolf
In the vast spectrum of literature, women have bestowed eminently, despite earlier, being often left out of the said spectrum and forced to put on a veil of anonymity and nom de plumes.
Female authors have time and again braved all odds and given us some of the most cherished literary jewels of all time.
Today as female authors write and thrive we look at 5 of the some of the must read female authors of all time.
1. Jane Austen (1775-1817)
One of the most cherished authors of all time, Jane Austen was born December 16, 1775 at Steventon, Hampshire, England and published 4 novels during her lifetime, some of her other works were later published posthumously.
Pride and Prejudice is notably regarded as her best novel. Her other novels including Mansfield park, Sense and Sensibility, Emma, The Northanger Abbey and Persuasion are also extremely popular.
Austen’s novels are seen as a close representation of her own self, though not married Austen’s novels highlighted the themes of marriage, love , courting and the life of women with enticing wit.
she passed away at the age of 41 on July 18, 1817 and was buried in Winchester Cathedral. She left a legacy of great literature behind.
“The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a good novel, must be intolerably stupid.”
Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey
2. Mary Shelly (1797-1851)
English novelist Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly was born August 30, 1797, in London, England and is best known for her horror novel “Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus.” Married to poet Percy Bysshe Shelly, she was regarded as the mother of science fiction.
The main themes she highlighted in Frankenstein included nature, man’s quest for power and other intense emotions.
She wrote several other books, including Valperga (1823), The Last Man (1826), the autobiographical Lodore (1835) and the posthumously published Mathilde.
Shelley died of brain cancer on February 1, 1851, at age 53, in London, England. She was buried at St. Peter’s Church in Bournemouth.
“The very winds whispered in soothing accents, and maternal Nature bade me weep no more.”
Mary Shelly
3. Charlotte Bronte(1816-1855)
Charlotte Brontë was an English 19th-century novelist born on April 21, 1816, in Thornton, Yorkshire, England. Brontë published her first novel, Jane Eyre, in 1847 under the manly alias Currer Bell. She followed it with Shirley in 1848 and then Villette in 1853.
She highlighted themes like death, religion, grief, search for meaning and a sense of belonging.
She died during her pregnancy, on March 31, 1855, in Yorkshire, England.
“I am no bird; and no net ensnares me: I am a free human being with an independent will.”
Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre
4. Emily Bronte (1818-1848)
Emily Brontë famous author of the novel ‘Wuthering Heights’ was born on July 30, 1818, in Thornton, Yorkshire, England and was the sister of Charlotte and Anne Brontë.
Publishing under the alias Ellis Bell, Brontë published her defining work, Wuthering Heights, in December 1847.
Wuthering heights was weaved around the themes of family, revenge, betrayal, society and class and had a supernatural tinge to it as well.
She died of tuberculosis on December 19, 1848.
“If all else perished, and he remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else remained, and he were annihilated, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger.”
Emily Jane Brontë , Wuthering Heights
5. Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)
English author Virginia Woolf was born in an influential English household on January 25, 1882.
She wrote feminist centred classics like ‘Mrs. Dalloway’, ‘To the Lighthouse,’ as well as , ‘A Room of One’s Own’ and ‘Three Guineas’.
Her works explored the themes of flawed marriages, ambition, success, failure, children etc.
She suffered from constant bouts of depression and fell prey to it on March 28, 1941 when she committed suicide by drowning herself into the River Ouse.
“As a woman I have no country. As a woman I want no country. As a woman, my country is the whole world.”
India’s struggle for independence started in 1857 with the Indian Mutiny in Meerut and it gained momentum when the first war . In twentieth century, below the leadership of Gandhi , the Indian National Congress (INC) and different political organisations launched a state independence movement and revolt against the oppressive British rule.During the Second war in 1942, the Bharatn Congress launched the Quit India Movement strict AN finish to British rule that prompted colonial rulers detaining several campaigners, nationalists, and ministers together with Gandhi.During the partition of Bharat in 1947, violent riots, mass casualties, and displacement of nearly fifteen million individuals happened amid non secular violence.
“Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high,where knowledge is free”-Rabindranath Tagore
HISTORY
India gained independence from British rule on Assumption , 1947. As India freed herself from the clutches of British Empire , the entire country roared in happiness, marking the reign of an independent and free land, faraway from the fear rule of the 200-year British rule.Fearless Patriots led the liberty struggle which went on to be written within the deep trenches of history. On the occasion of this patriotic day, let’s know more about the history, significance, facts, and therefore the way today is widely known in India and across the earth .Jawahar lal Nehru declared India’s independence on Assumption , 1947, and swore in because the 1st Indian Prime Minister. British House of Commons passed the Indian Independence Bill on Independence Day , 1947, and it had been passed within a fortnight. This was a significant a neighborhood of the tactic that led India to her victory. Freedom fighters and patriots like Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Bhagat Singh, Rani Lakshmi Bai, and far of more lead the parents with their belief and determination to win independence.
Mahatma Gandhi
SIGNIFICANCE
This day may be a remembrance and dedication to all or any those people that gave their lives, mind, body, and soul to free India. Countless lives were lost and lots of were tortured but with immense determination and faith, Indian rose as a free country. On today , India’s tricolour flag was hoisted above the Lahori Gate of Red Fort in Delhi on Assumption , 1947. to the present day, per annum the Prime Minister hoists the flag and commemorates the occasion by a standard ceremony in Delhi, India’s capital. After the Prime Minister addresses the state , a military parade is held that’s broadcasted everywhere the country. The President also delivers a speech.
Today India completed 74 years of independence and we are celebrating 75th independence which has brought real change in India in this so many years. At last I want to quote DR. B.R.Ambedkar’s famous quote;-
“Freedom of mind is the real freedom. A person whose mind is not free though he may not be in chains, is a slave, not a free man. One whose mind is not free, though he may not be in prison, is a prisoner and not a free man. One whose mind is not free though alive, is no better than dead. Freedom of mind is the proof of one’s existence.”-B.R.AMBEDKAR
We all have big dreams , big aims and we all are working hard to achieve it . But if we are unable to do so , and somebody else does it before us , we are consumed with jealousy . It is definitely not a positive emotion , and can be harmful if it exceeds a limit , but a proportionate amount of jealousy can be your teacher , here’s how ,
JEALOUSY HELPS US UNDERSTAND OUR WANTS – When we get jealous of something someone has achieved, it actually helps to understand our true wants and desires that we are unaware of , or we are trying to suppress . Jealousy acts as an indicator to help us understand what we want . So next time you get slightly jealous of someone getting a promotion or a new job , try asking yourself is that what you desire ? Jealousy and fear come from the same place , and you can overcome that by trying to understand your jealousies .
JEALOUSY HELPS US UNDERSTAND OUR TRIGGER POINTS – We all have certain trigger points that really upset us but jealousy , helps us identify these trigger points . Your trigger points are caused due to your insecurities , beliefs and self doubts , and jealousy helps you identify them . If you are able to understand your trigger points , you are one step close to self awareness and self discovery which helps you become a better version of yourself .
JEALOUSY HELPS US IN FOCUSING ON OUR PATH- When we are jealous , we completely loose focus on our life and path , and expend all our energies focusing on what other have and what others have achieved . Jealousy can actually help you be focus on our path again . When ever you get jealous think about all the energy you are wasting by not focusing on your path and your life .
JEALOUSY ASSURES US ABOUT SUCCESS – Now , when others are succeeding and you still have an impending success you might feel jealous ,and all bitter , but if you look around and see so many people succeeding, it actually gives you an assurance and a proof that world is abundant and that there is room for everyone to succeed, we just need to be patient .
JEALOUSY CAN MOTIVATE US- When you start to feel the sting of jealousy in yourself , it can actually push you to work harder and help you find what efforts might be lacking . In stead of letting jealousy make you feel bitter , use it to work harder .
This pool is the world’s deepest indoor diving pool. It is 196 feet(60 meters) deep. It has an underwater city and a film studio. In it, there are parked cars, graffiti-laden walls, giant trees, and libraries stacked with bookshelves.
You can swim with the world’s largest saltwater crocodiles here. A transparent cage protects the swimmers from the crocodiles. They are saltwater crocodiles, meaning, they stay just below the water surface to grab their prey, and getting close to one, is too close for comfort no matter how brave you are.
This pool is suspended 40 feet(12 meters) above ground. The 82 feet long pool has a glass bottom. The pool overlooks the rolling mountains of Italy’s South Tyrol.
The pool is large enough for a boat to sail in. It’s 3323 feet (1012 meters) long and spans 20 acres. The pool holds a staggering 250 million liters (66 million gallons) of water and is the equivalent of about 6,000 8-meter long pools.
If you could go back in time and change one thing, what would you like to change?
I wouldn’t change a thing, because all the choices I made in the past, made me the person I am today. I am still a work in progress and have much to learn and grow. Who doesn’t? Therefore I’m no better than any of you. It’s when you fall is when you learn!
You mess up sometimes and that’s ok! you can learn from that mistake. You may hurt people unintentionally or intentionally and you let yourself get hurt too in the process, just so you know how it feels when you fall, and avoid it happening again. You wake up to mornings that succeeded a night you would rather forget. You wake up to mornings that succeeded a night you wish you could remember. You say words you wish you could take back after you start regretting. You wish you had said words you’ll never get the chance to say again.
Being here, in the present, you don’t want to stop believing in yourself. You think it was worth it, right? Hey, it probably was. It’s OKAY if things don’t go as planned! It’s OKAY to cry and move on!
But is being young and stupid a good enough excuse?
So now, I would like to share an experience of my own, It was during the 12th when I and my best friend decided to go to the same college, away from home, so we became hostelites. But it was during that time, we had a minor argument and misunderstanding, so we both stopped speaking to each other. I had a really bad mental breakdown, It was during that time my dad spoke, saying I was always too dependent on your friends, and I need to let things go and live on! After all, everything happens for a good reason! but people change, when time changes and they grow. But if even after all of those misunderstandings, the person still manages to come back into your life, then he was meant to stay. Now, I and my friend laugh, thinking back as it was such an inane situation.
It was after that time, I realized I needed to be more self-dependent. I also realized communication is the key to solve most of the misunderstandings.
I have met different kinds of people who taught me lessons that changed my perspective.
Here’s a small part from,
“The Little Boy and the Old Man” by Shel Silverstein
Said the little boy, “SometimesI drop my spoon.” Said the old man, “I do that too.” The little boy whispered, “I wet my pants.” “I do that too,” laughed the old man. Said the little boy, “I often cry.” The old man nodded, “So do I.“
We probably behave stupidly because we don’t think, period! And maybe those who turn out to be wise were always full of the wisdom that we weren’t. Sounds philosophical, it’s not.
I’m a big believer in learning from mistakes. I do reflect on my past experiences that carved me into the person I am today.
Independence day is a meaningful and one of the most important dates in history of our country. After a long and exhausting struggle India got its Independent on 15th August, 1947.
To honor this day today we will talk about some of the facts that every Indian needs to know regarding this occasion.
Indian flag was first hosted in year 1906 in Parsee Bagan Square, Kolkata. It had three horizontal stripes of red, yellow and green. It’s first alteration was designed by Pingali Venkayya in in 1921. It is the same flag we host till date. A saffron white and green strip with 24 spokes Ashok chakra.
Besides India there are five other countries who also celebrate their Independence day today. That include South Korea, North Korea, Bahrain, Republic of Congo and Lichtenstein.
Goa was still under Portugal jurisdiction when the country got its independence. It was annexed to India in 1961 and became the last state to join the Indian territory.
Indian flag is only manufactured and licensed by The Khadi Development Village Industries Commission. The Karnataka Khadi Gramodyog Samyukta Sangha located in Dharwad is the only manufacturer of the flag made with cotton.
Our national song ‘Vande Mataram’ was part of the album ‘Anandmath’ composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in 1880s. It was first sung by Tagore in 1896 and officially became the national song on 24th January, 1950.
Lord Mountbatten was obliged to attend the Independence day of both countries, India and Pakistan and hence why he moved Pakistan’s Independence day to 14th August.
Lord Mountbatten chose 15th August as the Independence day to honor the second anniversary of Japan’s surrender to the allied forces.
Mahatma Gandhi wanted the Congress to be disband after country’s independence as the purpose of the party formation was achieved.
India did not have any structural government after achieving independence. There was no president or prime minister at first. Governor general was the person with most authority at that time.
The name ‘India’ originated from the name of River Indus as it was the place of first inhabitants of India.
Bharat Ganarajya is the name of India in Sanskrit and hence the birth of Bharat in hindi.
India hadn’t invaded any other country in last thousand centuries.
Hindi is not the national language of our country but only the official language. It was declared official on 14th September, 1947 in article 343.
Mahatma Gandhi did not attend the first independence day as he was participating in a hunger strike on the same day.
Cyril John Radcliffe is the man behind the design of borders of Independent India despite never visiting the country once.
Our first Prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru was quite a fashion icon back in the days even making it in a Vogue issue. Nehru jacket was also named after he made it an iconic fashion piece.
India had 562 princely states or kingdoms when it became independent.
If you could go back in time and change one thing, what would you like to change?
I wouldn’t change a thing, because all the choices I made in the past, made me the person I am today. I am still a work in progress and have much to learn and grow. Who doesn’t? Therefore I’m no better than any of you. It’s when you fall is when you learn!
You mess up sometimes and that’s ok! you can learn from that mistake. You may hurt people unintentionally or intentionally and you let yourself get hurt too in the process, just so you know how it feels when you fall, and avoid it happening again. You wake up to mornings that succeeded a night you would rather forget. You wake up to mornings that succeeded a night you wish you could remember. You say words you wish you could take back after you start regretting. You wish you had said words you’ll never get the chance to say again.
Being here, in the present, you don’t want to stop believing in yourself. You think it was worth it, right? Hey, it probably was. It’s OKAY if things don’t go as planned! It’s OKAY to cry and move on!
But is being young and stupid a good enough excuse?
So now, I would like to share an experience of my own, It was during the 12th when I and my best friend decided to go to the same college, away from home, so we became hostelites. But it was during that time, we had a minor argument and misunderstanding, so we both stopped speaking to each other. I had a really bad mental breakdown, It was during that time my dad spoke, saying I was always too dependent on your friends, and I need to let things go and live on! After all, everything happens for a good reason! but people change, when time changes and they grow. But if even after all of those misunderstandings, the person still manages to come back into your life, then he was meant to stay. Now, I and my friend laugh, thinking back as it was such an inane situation.
It was after that time, I realized I needed to be more self-dependent. I also realized communication is the key to solve most of the misunderstandings.
I have met different kinds of people who taught me lessons that changed my perspective.
Here’s a small part from,
“The Little Boy and the Old Man” by Shel Silverstein
Said the little boy, “Sometimes I drop my spoon.” Said the old man, “I do that too.” The little boy whispered, “I wet my pants.” “I do that too,” laughed the old man. Said the little boy, “I often cry.” The old man nodded, “So do I.“
We probably behave stupidly because we don’t think, period. And maybe those who turn out to be wise were always full of the wisdom that we weren’t. Sounds philosophical, it’s not.
I’m a big believer in learning from mistakes. I do reflect on my past experiences that carved me into the person I am today.
So the article is about entering of India into 75 th year of independence this year. As we know the independent word was not associated with India ealier as the Britishers ruled for almost 200 years in India.We were not recognized as a nation in the world. There was no existence of India as an independent country. But after so much of struggle, sacrifices, partition and much more we got independent on the midnight of 15 August 1947. The day which was written in history in golden words. Our first Prime Minister Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru hoisted the national flag from the ramparts of the Red Fort in Delhi. This was the dawn of a new India towards progress and prosperity. The Independence Day fills every Indian with immense joy and happiness. It is known as the national festival of India. All the offices and every institution across the country celebrates the flag hoisting ceremony. This year the Prime Minister mentioned it as “Amrit Mahotsav”. The people were excited about it and everyone send their videos of singing the national anthem and that too they were played during the ceremony today. We can see a mixture of our traditions and modern resources because of the pandemic situation people could not see the ceremony by being there present as it happened earlier but by this we were a part of the ceremony.
The tricolour flag hoisted from the Red Fort makes us a more proud to be an Indian. India achieved millions of milestones in these 75 years. From earth to space , from being dependent on the world to “Skill India”. India is being known as “vishwaguru” to the world. In the pandemic situation our yoga practices and natural immunity booster were proved a boon to the world. The largest vaccination drive is an example that with proper management and resources we could perform and achieve our objectives in time to benefit people. In every field India is making achievement whether it be medical science or sports or international conferences. India is also focussing on being self dependent on every sector as this the need of the hour. We are a youth country and we have major population as youth. The government is focusing on providing multiple options for the youth. The world is looking towards India as its role model.
These are the foreign bodies that have the capability to bind with the immunogen and also induce an immune response from our body. The majority of antigens are made up of protein. But some can also be made of carbohydrates, lipids, or nucleic acid.
ANTIBODIES/ IMMUNOGLOBULINS:
An antibody is a protein molecule that is generated in the living being by the plasma membrane of the cell. The majority of antibodies are produced in the blood, hence the name immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four polypeptides– two heavy chains and two light chains joined to form a “Y” shaped molecule. The amino acid sequence in the tips of the “Y” varies greatly among different antibodies. This variable region, composed of 110-130 amino acids, gives the antibody its specificity for binding antigen.
Antibodies are divided into five major classes, IgM, IgG, Iga, IgD, and IgE, based on their constant region structure and immune functions.
IgG antibody function :
IgG provides long-term protection because it persists for months and years after the presence of the antigen that has triggered their production. IgG protects against bacteria, viruses, neutralizes bacterial toxins, triggers complement protein systems, and binds antigens to enhance the effectiveness of phagocytosis.
IgM antibody function :
IgM is involved in the ABO blood group antigens on the surface of RBCs. IgM enhances ingestions of cells by phagocytosis.
IgA antibody function :
The main function of IgA is to bind antigens on microbes before they invade tissues. It aggregates the antigens and keeps them in the secretions so when the secretion is expelled, so is the antigen. IgA is also the first defense for mucosal surfaces such as the intestines, nose, and lungs.
IgE antibody function :
IgE bind to mast cells and basophils which participate in the immune response. Some scientists think that IgE’s purpose is to stop parasites.
IgD antibody function :
IgD plays a role in the induction of antibody production.
IMMUNE SYSTEM IN OUR BODY:
The main role of the immune system is to recognize the pathogen, respond to the foreign antigens, and memorize them.
LYMPHOID ORGANS:
These are the organs where the maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes take place. These are further divided into two types:
Primary lymphoid organs: This comprises of bone marrow and thymus, where T-lymphocytes and the B-lymphocytes mature and acquire their antigen-specific receptors.
Secondary lymphoid organs: It comprises of lymph nodes, spleen, and Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT). After maturation of the T- lymphocyte and the B-lymphocyte, they migrate here via blood vascular and lymphatic system, where they undergo differentiation.
VACCINISATION OR IMMUNISATION:
A vaccine is generally a half-killed or weakened disease-causing pathogen that is then given to the healthy individual through injection or drops, which has the ability to generate an immune response but not cause any disease or doesn’t have the ability to spread in the body. This causes acquired immunity against the disease-causing pathogen. This is called as vaccinisation or immunisation. The concept of vaccinisation is based on the ‘memory’ of the immune system. Our immune system has the ability to recognize the pathogen if it has once been already spotted and antibodies have been created by our body. So when the same pathogen enters our body, it is immediately spotted by the lymphocytes, and the antibodies are produced almost instantly given a quick response.
ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION:
It is the process of replacement of diseased tissue with healthier ones. Various factors are involved in transplanting an organ from a donor to a recipient such as tissue matching, immunosuppression, the immune response generated in the recipient. T-cells play a major role in the process of rejection.
CONCLUSION:
Antigens are the substance majority made of protein that has the capability to stimulate the production of antibodies. Antibodies are protein molecule that inactivates the antigen. They are also called immunoglobulins. Lymphoid organs are the place where the maturation of lymphocytes takes place. Vaccine is introduced into our body to prepare antibodies against certain pathogens. While organ transplant has its own pros and cons.
Afghanistan is on the precipice and the nation’s security forces have all but collapsed after being battered by a offensive Taliban they were unable to halt
To add to its woes, Washington has announced plans to evacuate its nationals in Kabul, a symbolic and shambolic end of the US presence after nearly two decades of conflict.
With the Taliban controlling the vast majority of the country’s cities and rural areas, and Afghan security forces largely defeated, here follows some questions and answers that may help explain the current situation.
The Taliban have never shied away from saying what they want — the complete resurrection of their Islamic emirate that ruled from 1996 to 2001.
A lot of analysis and head-scratching was devoted to how exactly they would achieve their goal — through talks, brute force, or a mixture of both.
In the end, their military strategy proved sufficient: overwhelm government forces with multi-pronged attacks on targets throughout the country.
To do that, they first had to get American boots off the ground — which they did by securing a deal with war-weary Washington and pledging not to hit US targets in exchange for their withdrawal.
Part of the deal also meant Washington pressuring the Afghan government into releasing thousands of Taliban prisoners — most of whom immediately rejoined the fray.
With such breathtaking successes in the last eight days, the Taliban may now have the confidence to offer the government the chance of unconditional surrender.
If Kabul baulks, expect the Taliban to push for the capital with force.
No doubt books will be published and lectures will be given for years, if not decades, on this subject — what exactly went wrong with the Afghan security forces? Corruption, the lack of a will to fight, and the vacuum created by the US exit likely all played a part in the Afghan military’s ultimate demise.
For years, the US government issued reports detailing the vast amounts of corruption within the Afghan security forces.
Commanders routinely pocketed money meant for their troops, sold weapons on the black market and lied about the number of soldiers in their ranks.
The Afghan forces were also entirely dependent on US airpower — from logistics to strikes, along with maintenance.
And to make matters all the worse, the security forces never had much in the way of effective leadership.
They were micromanaged by civilians in the presidential palace with little military experience, or ignored by ageing generals who appeared more involved in petty political fights than the larger war at hand.
The US-trained commando units were the hope, but in the end they were not enough to shoulder the entire fight.
The government now controls just three major cities and is unlikely to have the logistical manpower left to marshal a successful defence of the capital.
The Taliban are moving rapidly towards Kabul with reports suggesting their fighters are making progress on the northern and southern flanks of the capital.
The US and international community are most likely piling pressure on the Taliban and Afghan government to reach some kind of deal.
But the Taliban ultimately hold all the cards.
Afghan government negotiators in Qatar have offered the Taliban a power-sharing deal in return for an end to fighting in the country. But only time will tell what the future holds.
These are the foreign bodies that have the capability to bind with the immunogen and also induce an immune response from our body. The majority of antigens are made up of protein. But some can also be made of carbohydrates, lipids, or nucleic acid.
ANTIBODIES/ IMMUNOGLOBULINS:
An antibody is a protein molecule that is generated in the living being by the plasma membrane of the cell. The majority of antibodies are produced in the blood, hence the name immunoglobulins.
Each antibody consists of four polypeptides– two heavy chains and two light chains joined to form a “Y” shaped molecule. The amino acid sequence in the tips of the “Y” varies greatly among different antibodies. This variable region, composed of 110-130 amino acids, gives the antibody its specificity for binding antigen.
Antibodies are divided into five major classes, IgM, IgG, Iga, IgD, and IgE, based on their constant region structure and immune functions.
IgG antibody function :
IgG provides long-term protection because it persists for months and years after the presence of the antigen that has triggered their production. IgG protects against bacteria, viruses, neutralizes bacterial toxins, triggers complement protein systems, and binds antigens to enhance the effectiveness of phagocytosis.
IgM antibody function :
IgM is involved in the ABO blood group antigens on the surface of RBCs. IgM enhances ingestions of cells by phagocytosis.
IgA antibody function :
The main function of IgA is to bind antigens on microbes before they invade tissues. It aggregates the antigens and keeps them in the secretions so when the secretion is expelled, so is the antigen. IgA is also the first defense for mucosal surfaces such as the intestines, nose, and lungs.
IgE antibody function :
IgE bind to mast cells and basophils which participate in the immune response. Some scientists think that IgE’s purpose is to stop parasites.
IgD antibody function :
IgD plays a role in the induction of antibody production.
IMMUNE SYSTEM IN OUR BODY:
The main role of the immune system is to recognize the pathogen, respond to the foreign antigens, and memorize them.
LYMPHOID ORGANS:
These are further divided into two types: 1) Primary lymphoid organs: This comprises of bone marrow and thymus, where T-lymphocytes and the B-lymphocytes mature and acquire their antigen-specific receptors. 2) Secondary lymphoid organs: It comprises of lymph nodes, spleen, and Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT). After maturation of the T- lymphocyte and the B-lymphocyte, they migrate here via blood vascular and lymphatic system, where they undergo differentiation.
VACCINISATION OR IMMUNISATION:
A vaccine is generally a half-killed or weakened disease-causing pathogen that is then given to the healthy individual through injection or drops, which has the ability to generate an immune response but not cause any disease or doesn’t have the ability to spread in the body. This causes acquired immunity against the disease-causing pathogen. This is called as vaccination or immunization. The concept of vaccination is based on the ‘memory’ of the immune system. Our immune system has the ability to recognize the pathogen if it has once been already spotted and antibodies have been created by our body. So when the same pathogen enters our body, it is immediately spotted by the lymphocytes, and the antibodies are produced almost instantly given a quick response.
ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION:
It is the process of replacement of diseased tissue with healthier ones. Various factors are involved in transplanting an organ from a donor to a recipient such as tissue matching, immunosuppression, the immune response generated in the recipient. T-cells play a major role in the process of rejection.
CONCLUSION:
Antigens are the substance majority made of protein that has the capability to stimulate the production of antibodies. Antibodies are protein molecule that inactivates the antigen. They are also called immunoglobulins. Lymphoid organs are the place where the maturation of lymphocytes takes place. Vaccine is introduced into our body to prepare antibodies against certain pathogens. While organ transplant has its own pros and cons.
On August 15, 2021, India will commemorate its 75th anniversary of independence. As we get closer to the big day, it’s only natural to look back at the history of the tricolour, or tiranga. Did you realise that our flag’s colours of saffron, green, and white have no communal significance? In this essay, we’ll look at the history of the tricolour, its evolution, and the meaning of the Chakra and the three colours of the flag to learn more about these facts.
The flag of a country is a sign of its independence. The Indian National Flag in its current form was adopted just days before the country declared independence from British rule on August 15, 1947. The decision was made on July 22, 1947, during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly. Between August 15, 1947, and January 2, 1950, it was the national flag of the Dominion of India, and then the Republic of India.
India’s current tricolour flag was adopted after the country gained independence. The old flag’s colour and meaning were retained, but the Dharma Charkha of Emperor Asoka was replaced as the flag’s insignia in favour of the spinning wheel.
The colours of the Indian flag
India’s national flag is a horizontal tricolour with a deep saffron top, white in the middle, and dark green at the bottom. The chakra is represented by a navy blue wheel in the midst of the white ring.
The colour saffron represents the country’s power and bravery. The colour white represents peace and truth. Our land’s fertility, growth, and auspiciousness are symbolized by the green belt.
The “wheel of the law” is shown by Dharma Chakra at the Sarnath Lion Capital, which was built by Mauryan Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC. It meant that life is found in movement and death is found in immobility.
Flag Code
The Indian flag code was changed on January 26, 2002, and inhabitants of India were now allowed to hoist the Indian flag above their homes, offices, and factories on any day, not only national holidays, as was previously the case. Indians can now proudly display the national flag anywhere and whenever they want, as long as the Flag Code is rigorously obeyed to avoid any disrespect to the tricolour. The Flag Code of India, 2002, has been broken into three parts for your convenience. The National Flag is described in general in Part I of the Code. The display of the National Flag by members of the public, private organisations, educational institutions, and other entities is addressed in Part II of the Code. The National Flag is displayed by the Central and State governments, as well as their organisations and agencies, according to Part III of the Code.
Based on law passed on January 26, 2002, there are some guidelines for flying the flag. The following are some of them:
Do’s:
– To promote respect for the Flag, the National Flag may be flown in educational institutions (schools, colleges, sports camps, scout camps, and so on). The flag flying in schools now includes an oath of allegiance.
– On all days and occasions, ceremonial or otherwise consistent with the dignity and honour of the National Flag, a member of the public, a private group, or an educational institution may hoist/display the National Flag.
– Section 2 of the new code recognises that all private persons have the right to fly the flag on their property.
Don’ts:
– The flag may not be used for communal purposes, draperies, or clothing. It should be flown as much as possible from sunrise to sunset, regardless of the weather.
– The flag cannot be permitted to contact the ground, the floor, or the water’s surface. Vehicles, trains, boats, and aircraft cannot have it draped over the hood, top, sides, or back.
– There can be no other flag or bunting higher than the flag. Also, no object can be placed on or above the flag, including flowers, garlands, or symbols. A tricolour festoon, rosette, or bunting cannot be used.
In the modern era, people frequently deny performing certain things that might be either good or bad. Sensible decisions should be carried out as to when a NO should be uttered. A small scope of denial can cause you to pay a hefty price. You assist others presuming that what if you turn them down. But that’s not the case. You love to help others because you love to. Lending a helping hand always can cost you a lot too. Think wisely as to where you want to invest your time. It’s not at all bad to think for yourself.
Never feel ashamed to adamantly deny. If that one word NO is being beneficial to you, then don’t hesitate to do so. It’s impossible to say YES to everything. Prioritize the decisions you make as to whom you have to tell a YES and to whom a NO. This world is filled with greedy people too who wholly want their work to be done. They remember you when they need a favor, else you are like a non-existing creature. People who genuinely care for you and need your help will ask for it, respect it and convey they will always be available for you. Never overlook such people in your life.
It is important to know some things related to denial-
Once a NO is not a NO forever :
You deny once doesn’t announce you are denying forever.
There might seem to be reasons for your denial. Maybe you are busy with your own work, or are not in a mood to help anyone.
2. NO need not always be direct :
Valid reasons can be voiced out for the reason of your denial.
Some people think what if he/she feels bad.
Telling a NO may surely not hurt until it is conveyed in a positive way.
3. Happy and Peaceful Environment :
When you deny someone, you are reducing the effort and time you are investing there.
You have a chance to relax you, not to withstand stress about it.
4. Constant Connection :
As said, once a denial doesn’t always mean denial.
Continue to establish a connection with that person after you deny.
This attitude will surely make the person feel that you don’t have any problem in helping, but the situation makes you do so.
It urges him/her to believe that you don’t have any hard feelings for him/her.
5. Devote time yourself :
Some people go out of the way to help out others that they don’t give time to themselves.
No one is stopping that person from helping others. But the fact to understand is giving importance to you and value you.
Denying for doing something wrong is not at all bad. You should maintain a strong stand and be firm, that the decision that you have taken against the wrong is absolutely correct. Whoever approaches you to change your mind shouldn’t be in a stage to overrule the accurate decisions you have made.
Situations arise where you are being betrayed. The person who did so will try his/her best to prove himself/herself innocent, you should voice out exclaiming a NO, it’s inappropriate. Never be afraid to tell a NO when you aren’t comfortable in doing so. You shouldn’t be forced to do the favor asked. You aren’t hindered at gunpoint to do the favor asked.
In present times, you definitely have a price to pay for everything. It’s left up to you to see where your profit lies. NO can be costly when you do something that you aren’t willing to.You help people when they need you, but are they available to you when you need them the most? Give it a thought.
In the modern era, people frequently deny performing certain things that might be either good or bad. Sensible decisions should be carried out as to when a NO should be uttered. A small scope of denial can cause you to pay a hefty price. You assist others presuming that what if you turn them down. But that’s not the case. You love to help others because you love to. Lending a helping hand always can cost you a lot too. Think wisely as to where you want to invest your time. It’s not at all bad to think for yourself.
Never feel ashamed to adamantly deny. If that one word NO is being beneficial to you, then don’t hesitate to do so. It’s impossible to say YES to everything. Prioritize the decisions you make as to whom you have to tell a YES and to whom a NO. This world is filled with greedy people too who wholly want their work to be done. They remember you when they need a favor, else you are like a non-existing creature. People who genuinely care for you and need your help will ask for it, respect it and convey they will always be available for you. Never overlook such people in your life.
It is important to know some things related to denial-
Once a NO is not a NO forever :
You deny once doesn’t announce you are denying forever.
There might seem to be reasons for your denial. Maybe you are busy with your own work, or are not in a mood to help anyone.
2. NO need not always be direct :
Valid reasons can be voiced out for the reason of your denial.
Some people think what if he/she feels bad.
Telling a NO may surely not hurt until it is conveyed in a positive way.
3. Happy and Peaceful Environment :
When you deny someone, you are reducing the effort and time you are investing there.
You have a chance to relax you, not to withstand stress about it.
4. Constant Connection :
As said, once a denial doesn’t always mean denial.
Continue to establish a connection with that person after you deny.
This attitude will surely make the person feel that you don’t have any problem in helping, but the situation makes you do so.
It urges him/her to believe that you don’t have any hard feelings for him/her.
5. Devote time yourself :
Some people go out of the way to help out others that they don’t give time to themselves.
No one is stopping that person from helping others. But the fact to understand is giving importance to you and value you.
Denying for doing something wrong is not at all bad. You should maintain a strong stand and be firm, that the decision that you have taken against the wrong is absolutely correct. Whoever approaches you to change your mind shouldn’t be in a stage to overrule the accurate decisions you have made.
Situations arise where you are being betrayed. The person who did so will try his/her best to prove himself/herself innocent, you should voice out exclaiming a NO, it’s inappropriate. Never be afraid to tell a NO when you aren’t comfortable in doing so. You shouldn’t be forced to do the favor asked. You aren’t hindered at gunpoint to do the favor asked.
In present times, you definitely have a price to pay for everything. It’s left up to you to see where your profit lies. NO can be costly when you do something that you aren’t willing to.You help people when they need you, but are they available to you when you need them the most? Give it a thought.
“When her husband and son entered the room to check-in, they found the bed empty and the window open wide. She finally jumped from the building. It took place around 3:00 am.” How many times we have come across these headlines but carelessly ignore them without giving a second thought what if one of our kin become the victim?
Suicide doesn’t end the pain, it passes onto someone else.
Why people self harm?
According to some, it is a way to control their body, as they can’t control anything else in their living. While others feel less anxious as the emotional pain slowly turns into a physical one. In addition, there are many other reasons for taking up the beautiful life of an innocent.
Will you cry, if I die?
I was five-year-old when I saw my mom in the bathroom lying with her hands full of blood. I have a vivid memory of an ambulance taking her to the hospital. Later I came to know that she was suffering from a maniac illness that brings extreme mood swings in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior; named Bipolar Disorder. I never received the love of my mother, as she used to treat me well in a happy mood while hit me when turned sluggish. And that's how I started seeking love from my girlfriends. The craving was so high that I expected them to behave like a mother and was very obsessive for them. As a result, I was not successful in any of the relationships. I always blamed my father for the condition of my mother, as I was in the illusion that his hitting was the ultimate cause of her sufferings. However, everything changed after her third suicide attempt with a note "Will you cry, If I die?" I was left all alone in shock and despair. Soon, all the truths were revealed. My dad became the best buddy and claimed that he never hit my mom, rather helped her to get better. Since then, I started becoming mode practical and gained control over my emotions. Now I'm happy with the family of 4 members. I miss my mom sometimes, but I know she would be happy somewhere in her new body away from all the miseries!!
Don’t lose hope. When the sun goes down, the stars shine. You have the power to say,
WHO MADE THE DREAM OF INDEPENDENT INDIA A REALITY.“
HAPPY 75th
INDEPENDENCE DAY
India is a land of diversity where people of different caste, creeds, religions, cultures, and beliefs live together. India is a country where there is “Unity in Diversity” .The Independence Day of India, which is celebrated religiously throughout the Country on the 15th of August every year, holds tremendous ground in the list of national days, since it reminds every Indian about the dawn of a new beginning, the beginning of an era of deliverance from the clutches of British colonialism of more than 200 years. It was on 15th August 1947 that India was declared independent from British colonialism, and the reins of control were handed over to the leaders of the Country. India’s gaining of independence was a tryst with destiny, as the struggle for freedom was a long and tiresome one, witnessing the sacrifices of many freedom fighters, who laid down their lives on the line.
HISTORY
British rule in India began in 1757 when, following the British victory at the Battle of Plassey, the English East India Company began exercising control over the country. The East India Company ruled India for 100 years, until it was replaced by direct British rule (British Raj) in the wake of the Indian Mutiny in 1857–58. The Indian independence movement began during WORLD WAR I and was led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who advocated for a peaceful and nonviolent end to British rule. Freedom fighters like Bhagat Singh, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, etc. made sacrifices of their life to provide freedom to us so each drop of blood shed for our country’s freedom and dignity needs to be valued and honored.
CELEBRATIONS
Independence Day is marked throughout India with flag-raising ceremonies, drills, and the singing of the Indian National Anthem. Additionally, various cultural programs are made available in the state capitals. After the prime minister participates in the flag-raising ceremony at the Red fort historic monument in Old Delhi, a parade ensues with members of the armed forces and police. The prime minister then delivers a televised address to the country, recounting the major accomplishments of India during the previous year and outlining future challenges and goals. Kite flying has also become an Independence Day tradition, with kites of various sizes, shapes, and colours filling the sky.
This day is celebrated to ignite the feeling of nationalism and patriotism across the country. Every citizen has a different viewpoint of Independence. A youngster takes this day to celebrate the glory and strength of the country while for others it’s a reminder of the long suppression and cruelty that our people suffered. It’s not only a celebration of Independence but also of unity with the diverse culture of the country.
CONCLUSION
A day worth celebrating for which our ancestors have shed their blood and have struggled a lot. But are we truly justifying the struggle and hard work of our freedom fighters? We should rethink it and should work towards actual freedom of the people of the country by helping them and making them self-dependent and capable enough to support not only themselves but also the country.
Many people find it difficult to conceive living a life of slavery and servitude with no possibility of liberation. However, this was the reality for the entire nation of India only a little more than seven decades ago.
Today is India’s 74th anniversary as a constitutionally democratic and sovereign country. However, without the courage, tenacity, and heroism demonstrated by India’s revolutionaries, the road to freedom would have been significantly more difficult.
Here, we look at five of the best films that pay tribute to individuals who helped us achieve our current level of freedom.
1. Mangal Pandey: Mangal Pandey, directed by Ketan Mehta, transports viewers to the mid-nineteenth century and India’s First War of Independence, the country’s first organised revolt against the British Empire. The plot centres around an Indian soldier who fights the East India Company valiantly. Against all obstacles, Mangal Pandey (Aamir Khan), an Indian Army sepoy, conducts a violent and fierce revolt against India’s colonial occupiers, while preserving his friendship with his British commanding officer, William Gordon. Mangal Pandey, a classic story about the oppressed fighting against their oppressors, is a must-see this Independence Day.
2. Lagaan: Lagaan was India’s entry to the Academy Awards in 2001, written and directed by Ashutosh Gowariker. The film, which stars Aamir Khan and Gracy Singh in the key roles, is set in 1893 and expertly blends sports and politics. Lagaan is a hugely enjoyable film that was a worldwide smash thanks to its devious machinations, musical sequences, and laugh-out-loud humour. When the British overlords of India decide to impose a new tax on Indian villages, Bhuvan, a young man, leads a charge against them, challenging the occupiers to a cricket match. The story that follows is a colourful one of perseverance and intrigue.
3. The Legend of Bhagat Singh: The Legend of Bhagat Singh is a film directed by Rajkumar Santoshi and starring Ajay Devgan. It tells the story of the fiery independence fighter who led an armed battle against British imperialism. The film follows the revolutionary from his childhood, when he witnesses the atrocities perpetrated on his people, to his alliance with the Hindustan Republic Association and the assassination of a British police officer. The Legend of Bhagat Singh is a must-see for anybody interested in learning about the immense sacrifices made by India’s liberation fighters.
4. Gandhi: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the father of the nation, has and will continue to be an unrivalled presence in Indian history. Gandhi, starring Ben Kingsley as Mahatma Gandhi, is a biopic that follows his life and tribulations from his days as a lawyer in South Africa through the nonviolent independence movement he leads in India. Gandhi has near-saintly status in India, yet the film succeeds admirably in depicting his more humanistic side. Richard Attenborough’s biographical drama, filmed and produced by him, received acclaim upon its premiere and won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor.
5. Rang De Basanti: Rang De Basanti, produced and directed by Omprakash Mehra, is the third film on this list to feature Aamir Khan in the lead role. Following their graduation from Delhi University, a group of young Indians are cast in a documentary about India’s liberation fighters by an English woman. Mehra’s film, which alternates between two time zones, poses some difficult concerns and challenges the viewer to consider what the genuine value of freedom is. Rang De Basanti was also nominated for Best Foreign Film at the Oscars, thanks to its outstanding screenplay and narrative.
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Then don’t worry we got you covered with the following top 5 tools for window users to have all the benefits of a screenshot editing tool.
SCREENPRESSO:
DESCRIPTION:
This screen capture tool is free for all the window versions. It comes with many features of a built-in editor and fast sharing making it a must-have for an easy and fast workflow.
WORKING:
The working and its installation are all defined in the following steps:
After agreeing to license, the next screen will ask to choose from two option for its working mode: a. Install on this computer or b. Start without installing.
There will be many language options to choose from accordingly.
Selecting the desired mode, next screen with options: Capture, Edit, Publish or Close will appear.
In capture mode another two option is available: a. Screen Shot Region or b. Record Video Region.
This tool comes with many options to work with screenshots with the added feature of sharing captured image URLs on screencast.com to copy-paste the image anywhere.
WORKING:
The working and its installation process are given in the following steps:
After complete downloading process, a signup process will start for conversion of images to URL for copy paste option and a command of (shift+f11) for capturing will appear.
As soon as screen is captured, it will automatically open it in editor phase and there a lot of editing tool is available.
This tool shareX is easy for capturing screen, quickly sharing option with lightweight Ram consumption making it a good to go choice for screen capture.
WORKING:
The working and installation process is given below:
After completing the download process, the screen will be directed to a dropdown menu which will have a lot of option for editing.
The partition which happened in 1947 still after 75 years at this day of 15th Aug it gets our wound fresh with lots of stories memories and whatnot.
The fear, the uncertainty of again getting dependent on the system which will always give preference based on caste and many things led the thrive of this separation based on a separate electorate for Muslims.
Further, the boundaries and territorial distance of two provinces freshly separated was figured out and we were officially separated on the 14th and 15th of August in 1947.
This Separation left many families ajar, torn, and many wounds that were inflicted for a lifetime, leaving an impact for the generations to come.
Today while we are celebrating the joy of 75 years of Independence, we are also ought to mourn the loss of the families separated during the separation, tears of many for the heart wrecking separation from their loved ones.
Last Minute Mechanism
According to this, the Britishers were able to control our India for the very last minute and giving us the scar for many more years to take on.
Many views are there that suggest that this division and partition was always there even before the 1940s as they were afraid of the political dominance of Hindus that was 80% of the total population over other people.
This Divide and Rule policy of Britishers was made to interest the group, which we’re willing to collaborate with this policy and securing a unitary position for them.
The Legacy which killed and Displaced
After many years of sacrifices and many fights, India got the much-desired independence but it was not the independence only but the start of yet another blood bath where many were tortured, many was killed and many even didn’t make it to their family during the biggest migration that took place.
After the partition of India and Pakistan, many Hindus and Sikhs started to move apart and Muslims too started to move to their respective nation.
Many communities started attacking each other in the terrifying sectarian violence, many casualties took place and millions of people were left without home and family.
Partition Remembrance Day
The partition and its haunting memories can never go down just in pages in history as the deep wound it has on several families either some in that part or some in this part can never be unseen and undo.
To remember our sorrow and joy after 74 years the honorable Prime Minister Modi Ji decided to mourn the 14th of August as the Partition Horror Remembrance Day to always remember the sacrifices of people and their pain.
Many Hindus and Sikhs fled the provinces of the newly made provinces of Pakistan to save their life but a few were able to touch the border of India alive, many also survived the brutal rapes when migrating for their homeland.
Conclusion
Before Muslim and Hindu, we all were a part of our mother India, we all were struggling together for the gift of freedom then how just the fear of something very absurd can make humans so thirsty for the blood of another human in the name of fear, couldn’t they feel the pain they were inflicting on other.
A big loss and a sorrowful ending of brotherhood was all this partition brought on us
Every person should have clear goals in his/her life to lead a healthy and wealthy life. There is a story which has happened 60 years ago, in 1963, a 29 years old professor who is teaching Accountancy in an American university asked his students that how many of them have written their goals in life? Surprisingly only 9 out of 300 students have written their goals of life on a piece of paper. Then after 30 years later. i.e, in 1993, all the students came to visit a college and they visited the same professor who is now 59 years old. He calculated the net worth of each person. It turned out that only 9 people each of whose net worth is greater than the combined net worth of 291 people. And interestingly those 9 people were those who had written their goals 30 years ago. So, it is important to have clear financial goals in your life. There are three important elements in setting up financial goals. They are
SMART IT: Smart stands for Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant and Time. One has to be clear of exactly what he wants to have, how much he has to have, whether it is achievable and relevant, and when he wishes to have that.
TIME IT: Goals can be immediate, short term, medium-term and long term. The task you have to do within 30 days is immediate goals. For example, buying an android phone. The task that takes a year to accomplish is short-term goals. For example, to buy a television. The goals that require up to 3 years come under the medium-term goal. Example: having own bike, travel for vacation. The long-term goals require more than 3 years. This includes, to study in abroad for a high school student.
WRITE IT: It is always better to write your goals in a sheet of diary so that the goals stay long in your mind and you can achieve it.
POWER OF COMPOUNDING:
There is a thought that compound interest is considered the eighth wonder of the world. Compound interest earns interest on the interest rather than the simple interest which earns interest only on the principal amount. For example, a principal amount of thousand rupees for ten years at a rate of ten percent will earn thousand rupees at simple interest and thousand five hundred and ninety-three rupees in compound interest. So when it comes to investing, compound interest is always better since it allows the fund to grow at a faster rate. So you have to remind these three principles
The longer the time, the more money will grow.
Earlier the investment you made, better you are.
Smaller savings over a long period will earn more amount.
MAINTAINING RECORDS (ACTUALS AND BUDGETS)
Everyone has to maintain proper financial records so that you can know the level of spending and savings from your income. There are several sources of income. For adults, it may be salary from the job, profit through business, and interest on savings. For college students, the source of income may be pocket money from parents, gifts received from relatives, stipends from internships, etc., and expenses may be college fees, mess bills, fuel expenses, mobile recharge bills. So it is always better to write down the financial records to use the money effectively. At the start of every month, do budget planning and save at least twenty percent of your savings. Proper planning and execution will help for the wise usage of money. In between this process, maintain financial records.
The pandemic has severly affected all the sectors ,and Educational sector was one of them ,but thanks to technology because of that we have an alternative mode of learning.Online or virtual mode of education became asset for the students life in the pandemic situation,but who thought that this online mode of learning would remain with us for such a long duration and still no one knows how long.
ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE LEARNING
Several arguments are associated with e-learning.
• Accessibility, affordability, flexibility, learning pedagogy, life-long learning, and policy are a number of the arguments associated with online pedagogy.
• It is said that online mode of learning is definitely accessible and may even reach to rural and remote areas.
• Flexibility is another interesting aspect of online learning; a learner can schedule or plan their time for completion of courses available online.
•Students can learn anytime and anywhere, thereby developing new skills within the process resulting in life-long learning.
•The government also recognizes the increasing importance of online learning during this dynamic world, as in future online mode of education would be the most helpful and trending part.
DISADVANTAGES OF ONLINE LEARNING.
• Personal attention is also a huge issue facing online learning,as no one knows who is paying attention during the classes and who is not.
•Sometimes, online content is all theoretical and does not let students practice and learn effectively,which is a huge disadvantage of e-learning.
• A lot of distraction sources are available during the online mode of teaching .
• A lot of health related problems can be developed in this mode be it mental or physical , continuous learning from electronic gadgets can lead to eye problems as well as mental stress and exhaustion could also be felt , physical movement is negligible in this mode.
What should be done to get better mode of education in the time of pandemic?
Combining face-to-face lectures with technology gives rise to blended learning and flipped classrooms; this type of learning environment can increase the training potential of the students.
For every Indian, August 15 is a significant date because it was on this day in 1947 that the country gained its legitimate independence from the United Kingdom, putting an end to over two centuries of colonial control. India, the world’s largest democracy, celebrates its independence on August 15, 1947. The founding of the democratic country is commemorated on this day. This is the day India gained independence from the British Raj. Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, proudly unfurled the Indian flag at the Red Fort in Delhi on August 15, 1947.
In case you were wondering, India is not the only country that celebrates Independence Day on August 15; people all over the world mark this date on their calendars as a national holiday. Here are five more: Republic of Congo, South Korea, North Korea, Bahrain, and Liechtenstein all commemorate their independence on August 15. Here’s additional information on them:
1. Bahrain: Bahrain, which was likewise ruled by the British, gained independence on August 15, 1971, more than two decades after India. Following a United Nations assessment of Bahrain’s population, the British announced a troop pullback east of Suez in the early 1960s. The signing of a treaty between Bahrain and the United Kingdom commemorated Bahrain’s independence day. The country, however, does not commemorate its independence on this day. Instead, it commemorates the succession of the late king Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa to the throne on December 16 as National Day.
2. North Korea: North and South Korea, officially known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, gained independence from Japan on August 15, 1945. During the Russo-Japanese War, Japan conquered Korea. Japan attempted to acquire Korean traditions and culture while also gaining control of the economy for its own gain. Korean resistance groups, known as Dongnipgun, fought Japanese forces along the Sino-Korean border.
3. South Korea: In 1945, the Korean Peninsula was liberated, and on August 15, 1948, autonomous Korean governments were established. The area was officially dubbed the Republic of Korea, and a pro-US administration was founded. The first President of South Korea, Syngman Rhee, was elected, and August 15 was declared a national holiday. The holiday is known as Gwangbokjeol, which translates to “the day the light returned.”
4. Liechtenstein: Liechtenstein, a German-speaking microstate in the European Alps between Austria and Switzerland, celebrates its National Day on August 15. The date was chosen since it was already a bank holiday; the feast of the Assumption of Mary is on August 15. Second, Prince Franz Josef II, the reigning prince at the time, was born on August 16. As a result, the Feast of the Assumption and the Prince’s birthday were combined to form Liechtenstein’s national holiday.
5. Democratic Republic of Congo: The Central African country, often known as Congo, gained full independence from French colonial overlords on August 15, 1960. It has been under French control for exactly 80 years. In 1880, the country was renamed French Congo, and in 1903, it was renamed Middle Congo. During the first five decades of colonial administration in Congo, economic development was centered on natural-resource extraction, and the techniques used were violent. At least 14,000 people died in the construction of the Congo-Ocean Railroad.
Food security means availability, accessibility and affordability of food to all people at all times. It has been a major concern in India. Food is as essential for living as air is for breathing. The poor households living in the rural areas are more vulnerable to food security. Food security has following dimensions-
1- Availability of food- It means that enough food is produced within the country, it must be available in every part of the country and there should be no deficit.
2- Accessibility of food- It means food is within reach of every person, there is no barrier on access to food.
3- Affordability of food- It means that an individual has enough money to buy sufficient and nutritious food to meet one’s basic needs.
India ranks 71 out of 113 major countries in terms of food security index 2020.
WHY FOOD SECURITY?
The poorest section of the society might be food insecure while even persons above the poverty line might also be food insecure when the country faces a disaster or calamity like earthquake, flood, drought, failure of crops causing famine. A famine means the widespread deaths due to starvation and epidemics caused by forced use of contaminated water or decaying food and loss of body resistance due to weakening from starvation. There are places like Kalahandi and Kashipur in Orissa where famine-like conditions have been existing for many years and some starvation deaths have also been reported. The most devastating famine that occurred in India was the FAMINE OF BENGAL in 1943. This famine killed 30 lakh people in the province of Bengal. So food security is needed in a country to ensure food at all times.
HOW IS FOOD SECURITY AFFECTED DURING A CALAMITY?
Due to a natural calamity, total production of foodgrains decreases. It creates a shortage of food in the affected areas. Due to shortage of food, the prices goes up. At high prices, some people cannot afford to buy food. If such calamity happens for a longer time period, it may cause a situation of starvation.
WHO ARE FOOD- INSECURE?
Although a large section of people suffer from food insecurity in India, the worst affected groups are landless people with little or no land to depend upon, traditional artisans, petty self-employed workers and beggars. In the urban areas, the food insecure families are those whose working members are generally employed in ill-paid occupations and casual labour market. These workers are paid very low wages that just ensure bare survival. The SCs, STs and some section of the OBCs who have either poor land-base or very low land productivity are prone to food insecurity. The people affected by natural disasters are also among the most food insecure people. The food insecure people are large in economically backward states with high incidence of poverty, tribal and remote areas, regions more prone to natural disasters etc. In fact, the states of Uttar Pradesh Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh account for largest number of food insecure people in the country.
HUNGER-
Hunger is another aspect indicating food insecurity. It brings about poverty. The attainment of food security therefore involves eliminating current hunger and reducing the risks of future hunger. Hunger has chronic and seasonal dimensions. Chronic hunger is a consequence of diets inadequate in terms of quantity or quality. Seasonal hunger is related to cycles of food growing and harvesting. This type of hunger exists when a person is unable to get work for the entire year.
India is aiming at Self-sufficiency in Food grains since Independence. After Independence, Indian policy-makers adopted all measures to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains. India adopted anew strategy in agriculture which resulted in ‘Green Revolution’, especially in the production of wheat and rice.
Since the advent of the Green Revolution in the early 1970s, the country has avoided famine even during adverse weather conditions. India has become self-sufficient in foodgrains during the last 30 years because of a variety of crops grown all over the country. The availability of foodgrains at the country level has been ensured with a carefully designed food security system by the government. This system has two components- 1. Buffer Stock 2. Public Distribution System
Buffer Stock is the stock of foodgrains, namely wheat and rice, procured by the government through the Food Corporation of India TH(FCI). The FCI purchases wheat and rice from the farmers of the state where there is surplus production and the farmers are paid a pre-announced price for their crops. This price is called Minimum Support Price.
The food procured by the FCI is distributed through government regulated ration shops among the poorer section of the society. This is called the Public Distribution System (PDS). The PDS has proved to be the most effective instrument of government policy over the years in stabilising prices and making food available to consumers at affordable prices.
ROLE OF COOPERATIVES IN FOOD SECURITY-
The cooperatives are also playing an important role in food security in India especially in the southern and western parts of the country. The cooperative societies set up shops to sell low priced goods to poor people. For example, out of all fair price shops running in Tamil Nadu, around 94% are being run by the cooperatives. In Delhi, Mother Dairy is helping in provision of milk and vegetables to the consumers. Amul is another success story of cooperatives in mil and mil products from Gujarat. It has brought about the White Revolution in the country. Thus cooperatives are playing a major role in ensuring food security in India.
We spend one third of our life dreaming. Sometimes dreams are happy, scary, unexplainable and even an indication of what is going to happen in future. There is a popular saying that the dreams we see in the morning are usually true and real, though there is no scientific proof to it. We usually dream what we think, stress is an important factor in dreams. Less stress means happy dreams.
But will you believe it if I tell you that you can actually control your dreams?🤔 A dream where one becomes aware of the dream it is known as lucid dreaming. And there are people who do this. You can do it too!! Let’s know how. People have been studying lucid dreams for a very long time, from ancient to modern it has been studied to understand the cause and purposes of it. As a result many theories have emerged, though it is still under research.
This term was given by Dutch author and psychiatrist Fredreik Van Eeden. In his article A Study of Dreams in 1913. He studied his own dreams for a period of time and wrote them in his dream diary, 352 of his dreams were categorized as lucid. He mentioned 7 different types of dreams and out of which he considered lucid dreams most interesting and worthy of observation. The reference to this phenomenon can be found in ancient greek writings. According to Aristotle, Greek philosopher, “often when one is asleep, there is something in consciousness which declares that what then presents itself is but a dream”. Other than Aristotle, physician Sir Thomas Browne, Samuel Pepys and more have mentioned lucid dreaming. In 2020 there was a large increase in reports of lucid dreams compared to the previous year.
There are a few conditions for a dream in order to be defined as a lucid dream and these were given by Paul Tholey. The conditions are: 1. Awareness of the dream state (orientation) 2. Awareness of the capacity to make decisions 3. Awareness of memory functions 4. Awareness of self 5. Awareness of the dream environment 6. Awareness of the meaning of the dream 7. Awareness of concentration and focus (the subjective clarity of that state)
Lucid dreams are often found to be affective in treating nightmares. Physiotherapists have also been including lucid dreaming as a part of therapy. There are also books and movies based on this like inception, paprika, etc. Though lucid dreaming has been beneficial in many aspects but for the people who experience it for the first time can go through the feelings of stress or confusion. People who see lucid dreams very often might feel empowered and also isolated from others in terms of their dreaming experience which is quiet different to others. Others might experience sleep paralysis, which is sometimes confused with lucid dreams.
There are many methods using which one can experience lucid dream like, make a dream diary and jot down the dreams you remember, diary alone won’t help but it will be beneficial with other methods. Some devices and drugs are also used.
It is really easy for facts and myths to get mixed up , especially if we have been listening about it ever since we were kids . Over the years there has been a lot of events, and theories that we believed were facts , but they were either exaggerated or were myths , here are a few of such myths we still believe in.
BATS – We have read about bats being blind in our textbooks , heard about it , but this is one big myth . Bats are not blind and can see. They have do have small eyes with sensitive vision which helps them see in pitch black conditions . Bats do not have colourful visions like humans , but they can see three times better then us humans .
SALT AND BOILING WATER – It is believed that if we add salt to water , it boils faster , but this is a complete myth as well . Putting salt in the water will make a negligible difference .
ALBERT EINSTEIN – It is commonly believed that Albert Einstein was terrible at mathematics and that he failed his grade school maths . Well , this rumour is just a rumour . Einstein himself denied this and said that he did not fail in maths and by age 15 he was at the top of his class .
CHAMELEON – Most of us believe that chameleon change colours to blend with their surroundings , but this is not true . Yes , they have the ability to change colours , but they do so to regulate their body temperatures and to communicate with other fellow chameleons .
A mummy is a person or animal whose body has been dried or otherwise preserved after death. When people think of a mummy, they often envision the early Hollywood-era versions of human forms wrapped in layers upon layers of bandages, arms outstretched as they slowly shuffle forward. Mummies may not literally rise from their ancient tombs and attack, but they’re quite real and have a fascinating history.
What are mummies?
The practice of preserving a body as a mummy is widespread across the globe and throughout time. Many civilizations-Incan, Australian aboriginal, Aztec, African, ancient European and others-have practiced some type of mummification for thousands of years to honor and preserve the bodies of the dead.
Since most bacteria can’t thrive in extreme temperatures, exposing a corpse to the sun, fire or freezing temperatures was an uncomplicated way to create a mummy.
Some mummies happened by accident. Take, for instance, the Accidental Mummies of Guanajuato, a collection of over 100 mummies found buried in above-ground crypts in Mexico. Those bodies weren’t mummified on purpose. It’s thought either extreme heat or the area’s rich geological stores of sulfur and other minerals suffer the mummification process
Some Buddhist monks practiced self-mummification by spending years starving their bodies and only eating foods that promoted decay. Once their body fat was gone, they spent a few more years drinking a poisonous sap to cause vomiting to get rid of bodily fluids. The poison also made the body an unsavory future host for corpse-eating bugs.
When the time was right, the monks were buried alive to await death and mummification. Death came quickly, but self-mummification seldom worked.
Egyptian Mummies
No matter how a body was mummified, the end game was the preservation of as much skin tissue as possible—and the priests of ancient Egypt are considered the experts on the process. Egypt’s arid climate made it easy to dry out and mummify a corpse, but the Egyptians routinely used a more elaborate process to ensure the dead experienced safe passage to the afterlife.
The mummification process for royalty and the wealthy often included:
washing the body
removing all organs except the heart and placing them in jars
packing the body and organs in salt to remove moisture
embalming the body with resins and essential oils such as myrrh, cassia, juniper oil and cedar oil
wrapping the embalmed corpse in several layers of linen
Ancient Egyptians of all walks of life mummified deceased family members, but the process wasn’t as elaborate for the poor. According to Egyptologist Salima Ikram, some corpses were simply filled with juniper oil to dissolve organs before burial.
Mummies as Medicine
According to a 1927 abstract published in Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, medicinal preparations made from powdered mummies were popular between the twelfth and seventeenth centuries. During that time, countless mummies were disentombed and burned to meet the demand for “mummy medicine.”
The interest in mummies as medicine was based on the supposed medicinal properties of bitumen, a type of asphalt from the Dead Sea. It was thought mummies were embalmed with bitumen, but that was rarely the case; most were embalmed with resins.
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