There’s a fine line between stress and anxiety. Both are emotional responses, but stress is typically caused by an external trigger. The trigger can be short-term, such as a work deadline or a fight with a loved one or long-term, such as being unable to work, discrimination, or chronic illness. People under stress experience mental and physical symptoms, such as irritability, anger, fatigue, muscle pain, digestive troubles, and difficulty sleeping.
Anxiety, on the other hand, is defined by persistent, excessive worries that don’t go away even in the absence of a stressor. Anxiety leads to a nearly identical set of symptoms as stress: insomnia, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, muscle tension, and irritability.
Both mild stress and mild anxiety respond well to similar coping mechanisms. Physical activity, a nutritious and varied diet, and good sleep hygiene are a good starting point.
If your stress or anxiety does not respond to these management techniques, or if you feel that either stress or anxiety are affecting your day-to-day functioning or mood, consider talking to a mental health professional who can help you understand what you are experiencing and provide you additional coping tools. For example, a psychologist can help determine whether you may have an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders differ from short-term feelings of anxiety in their severity and in how long they last: The anxiety typically persists for months and negatively affects mood and functioning. Some anxiety disorders, such as agoraphobia (the fear of public or open spaces), may cause the person to avoid enjoyable activities or make it difficult to keep a job.
According to the latest data from the National Institute of Mental Health, 31% of Americans will experience an anxiety disorder during their lifetimes.
One of the most common anxiety disorders is generalized anxiety disorder. To identify if someone has generalized anxiety disorder, a clinician will look for symptoms such as excessive, hard-to-control worry occurring most days over six months. The worry may jump from topic to topic. Generalized anxiety disorder is also accompanied by the physical symptoms of anxiety.
Another type of anxiety disorder is panic disorder, which is marked by sudden attacks of anxiety that may leave a person sweating, dizzy, and gasping for air. Anxiety may also manifest in the form of specific phobias (such as fear of flying) or as social anxiety, which is marked by a pervasive fear of social situations.
Anxiety disorders can be treated with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of the two. One of the most widely used therapeutic approaches is cognitive behavioral therapy, which focuses on changing maladaptive thought patterns related to the anxiety. Another potential treatment is exposure therapy, which involves confronting anxiety triggers in a safe, controlled way in order to break the cycle of fear around the trigger.
People tend to be social creatures, and research has shown that social connections are vital for both emotional and physical well-being. However, alone time, which is sometimes called private time or solitary time and simply means spending time by yourself, is also good for you as it plays a positive role in mental health.
Being around other people comes with rewards, but it also creates stress. You might worry about what people think or alter your behavior to avoid rejection and to fit in with the rest of the group. While this may be the cost of being part of a social world, some of these challenges demonstrate why alone time can be so important.
Benefits of Alone Time Having time for yourself gives you the chance to break free from social pressures and tap into your own thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Finding time to be alone can also have a number of key benefits. Some of these include:
-Improved personal exploration -Increased creativity -More social energy
Improved Personal Exploration Becoming comfortable in your own company can give you the time and freedom to truly explore your own passions without interference. It can be a way to try new things, research topics that fascinate you, acquire knowledge, and even practice new methods of self-expression.
Giving yourself alone time means you can explore these things without the pressures and judgments that others may impose. Having time to yourself is critical for growth and personal development. Instead of worrying about the needs, interests, and opinions that others may have, alone time lets you focus on yourself.
Increased Creativity Alone time is an opportunity to let your mind wander and strengthen your creativity. Without the need to care for or interact with other people, you can ignore outside influences and focus inward.
Research actually suggests that being alone can lead to changes in the brain that help fuel the creative process. One study found that people who tend to purposely withdraw in order to spend time alone also tend to be highly creative people.
In a 2020 study published in the journal Nature Communications, researchers found that perceived social isolation (a.k.a. loneliness) led to increased activity in the neural circuits related to imagination. When left with a lack of social stimulation, the brain ramps up its creative networks to help fill the void.
More Social Energy Living alone tends to be seen in a negative light. However, researchers have found that people who live alone may actually have richer social lives and more social energy than people who cohabitate with others.
In his book “Going Solo,” sociologist Eric Klineberg notes that one in seven U.S. adults lives alone. Klineberg found that not only were these adults not lonely, many actually had richer social lives.
Some of these reasons people might struggle with being alone include:
*Lack of experience being alone: Some people just might not be used to being by themselves because they are so accustomed to being around other people. The sudden absence of social stimulation can leave them feeling detached or disconnected. *Distressing thoughts and feelings: In other cases, being alone and focusing inward can be difficult or even painful. People might find this introspection distressing or find themselves engaging in rumination and worry. *Social stigma: Stigma about being alone can also play a role in shaping how people feel about solitude. For those who have been exposed to negative attitudes towards being alone or who see it as a form of antisocial behavior or social rejection, solitude can seem like a painful form of punishment.
Marketing professor and researcher Rebecca Ratner of the University of Maryland found that people often avoid doing things they enjoy if they have to do them alone. This is particularly true if it is an activity that can be observed by others, such as going to dinner or a movie solo.
Such findings suggest that a stigma about being alone influences whether people think they enjoy such activities. “When people do things alone, they enjoy themselves more than they expected,” Ratner explains. “People overestimate the benefits of being with someone else.”
While being alone sometimes gets mistaken for being lonely, it is clear that having time to yourself now and then is important for mental health and well-being. If the thought of spending time on your own makes you feel bored or uncomfortable, try starting with a small chunk of alone time that allows you to focus on a specific task.
As you get better at enjoying your own company, you may find that this alone time helps you feel renewed and inspired for when you do return to your social circle.
As students we are very much dependent on technology. So our lives generally revolved around phone, laptop and screen due to which our eyes experience a lot of radiation exposure.
Don’t take your eyes for granted. Take these easy steps to keep your peepers healthy.
1.Eat Well Good eye health starts with the food on your plate. Nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, lutein, zinc, and vitamins C and E might help ward off age-related vision problems like macular degeneration and cataracts. To get them, fill your plate with:
Green leafy vegetables like spinach, kale, and collards Salmon, tuna, and other oily fish Eggs, nuts, beans, and other nonmeat protein sources.
2. Quit Smoking It makes you more likely to get cataracts, damage to your optic nerve, and macular degeneration, among many other medical problems. If you’ve tried to kick the habit before only to start again, keep at it. The more times you try to quit, the more likely you are to succeed. Ask your doctor for help.
3. Wear Sunglasses The right pair of shades will help protect your eyes from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. Too much UV exposure boosts your chances of cataracts and macular degeneration.
Choose a pair that blocks 99% to 100% of UVA and UVB rays. Wraparound lenses help protect your eyes from the side. Polarized lenses reduce glare while you drive, but don’t necessarily offer added protection.
4. Use Safety Eyewear If you use hazardous or airborne materials on the job or at home, wear safety glasses or protective goggles.
Sports like ice hockey, racquetball, and lacrosse can also lead to eye injury. Wear eye protection. Helmets with protective face masks or sports goggles with polycarbonate lenses will shield your eyes.
5. Look Away From the Computer Screen Staring at a computer or phone screen for too long can cause:
Eyestrain Blurry vision Trouble focusing at a distance Dry eyes Headaches Neck, back, and shoulder pain
To protect your eyes:
Make sure your glasses or contacts prescription is up to date and good for looking at a computer screen. If your eye strain won’t go away, talk to your doctor about computer glasses. Move the screen so your eyes are level with the top of the monitor. That lets you look slightly down at the screen. Try to avoid glare from windows and lights. Use an anti-glare screen if needed. Choose a comfortable, supportive chair. Position it so that your feet are flat on the floor. If your eyes are dry, blink more or try using artificial tears. Rest your eyes every 20 minutes. Look 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Get up at least every 2 hours and take a 15-minute break.
You drag yourself from your desk to the gym, where you pop in some upbeat music and jack the treadmill up to 6 mph.
Admit it, while you’re pounding out those three miles, you’re silently judging (even if subconsciously) the person walking next to you.
But experts say we’re unfairly placing the form of exercise in the “pointless” category. It turns out, you may be missing out on an extremely effective physical activity, not to mention a mental boost, by writing off walking entirely.
“Walking can be as good as a workout, if not better, than running,” says Dr. Matt Tanneberg, CSCS, a sports Chiropractor and Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist in Phoenix, Arizona who works with elite athletes. “You hear of people ‘plateauing’ when they continue to do the same workout routine and stop seeing results. I see patients all the time that plateau from running, they will run the same distance, speed and time, day in and day out. You need to constantly be switching up your exercise routine in order to get the maximum benefit for your health.”
Yes, running is more physically demanding, which leads people to label it a “better” workout.
“While I would love to say that walking can be just as effective of a workout as running, I’m not going to lie to you. In fairness, the two really shouldn’t be compared against each other,” says John Ford, certified exercise physiologist, who runs JKF Fitness & Health in New York City. “Running, due to larger muscle recruitment, greater forces exerted and faster motion capability, will always have the proverbial leg up on walking.”
But while walking may not be a better workout, it may be a better exercise choice for some people.
“With that being said, walking is a really good form of exercise and can help you reach your fitness and weight-loss goals. As a lifelong track athlete, who has marveled at race walkers (check out the Olympic walkers on YouTube!), I don’t scoff at walking,” says Ford. “In fact, walking is the suggested workout over running for many people. For example, those with knee, ankle and back problems and also for people who are overweight to obese. Walking is a lower impact exercise and can be done for longer periods of time.”
And there is no shortage of scientific research to back up the effectiveness of adding walking to your fitness routine.
“There are many reasons to walk for exercise,” says Ann Green, M.S., past heptathlon world athlete, yoga teacher and fitness studio owner. “Walking improves fitness, cardiac health, alleviates depression and fatigue, improves mood, creates less stress on joints and reduces pain, can prevent weight gain, reduce risk for cancer and chronic disease, improve endurance, circulation, and posture, and the list goes on…”
When comparing the results of the most recent National Runners’ Health Study with the National Walkers’ Health Study, researchers found that the energy used for moderate-intensity walking and vigorous-intensity running resulted in similar reductions in risk for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and heart disease over the study’s six year period.
Which means when it comes to some pretty prominent markers of our health, walking at a moderate intensity can get the job done just as well as running, as long as you’re expending the same amount of energy. Great news for those of us that dread going on a jog.
While the physical benefits are notable, the mental boost that can be gleaned from adding a walk to your daily routine may be more immediate.
One Stanford University study found that walking increased creative output by an average of 60 percent. Researchers labelled this type of creativity “divergent thinking,” which they define as a thought process used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions. According to the study, “walking opens up the free flow of ideas, and it is a simple and robust solution to the goals of increasing creativity and increasing physical activity.”
Which makes sense, since science shows that engaging in activities that allow our minds to wander promotes a mental state conducive to innovative ideas and “ah-ha!” moments.
But it’s not only your creativity that will benefit from the mental lift. The act of walking is also a proven mood booster. One study found that just 12 minutes of walking resulted in an increase in joviality, vigor, attentiveness and self-confidence versus the same time spent sitting. Walking in nature, specifically, was found to reduce ruminating over negative experiences, which increases activity in the brain associated with negative emotions and raises risk of depression.
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that can make it hard to fall asleep, hard to stay asleep, or cause you to wake up too early and not be able to get back to sleep. You may still feel tired when you wake up. Insomnia can sap not only your energy level and mood but also your health, work performance and quality of life.
How much sleep is enough varies from person to person, but most adults need seven to eight hours a night.
At some point, many adults experience short-term (acute) insomnia, which lasts for days or weeks. It’s usually the result of stress or a traumatic event. But some people have long-term (chronic) insomnia that lasts for a month or more. Insomnia may be the primary problem, or it may be associated with other medical conditions or medications.
You don’t have to put up with sleepless nights. Simple changes in your daily habits can often help.
Symptoms Insomnia symptoms may include:
Difficulty falling asleep at night Waking up during the night Waking up too early Not feeling well-rested after a night’s sleep Daytime tiredness or sleepiness Irritability, depression or anxiety Difficulty paying attention, focusing on tasks or remembering Increased errors or accidents Ongoing worries about sleep
If insomnia makes it hard for you to function during the day, see your doctor to identify the cause of your sleep problem and how it can be treated. If your doctor thinks you could have a sleep disorder, you might be referred to a sleep center for special testing.
Causes Insomnia may be the primary problem, or it may be associated with other conditions.
Chronic insomnia is usually a result of stress, life events or habits that disrupt sleep. Treating the underlying cause can resolve the insomnia, but sometimes it can last for years.
Common causes of chronic insomnia include:
1. Stress. Concerns about work, school, health, finances or family can keep your mind active at night, making it difficult to sleep. Stressful life events or trauma — such as the death or illness of a loved one, divorce, or a job loss — also may lead to insomnia. 2. Travel or work schedule. Your circadian rhythms act as an internal clock, guiding such things as your sleep-wake cycle, metabolism and body temperature. Disrupting your body’s circadian rhythms can lead to insomnia. Causes include jet lag from traveling across multiple time zones, working a late or early shift, or frequently changing shifts. 3. Poor sleep habits. Poor sleep habits include an irregular bedtime schedule, naps, stimulating activities before bed, an uncomfortable sleep environment, and using your bed for work, eating or watching TV. Computers, TVs, video games, smartphones or other screens just before bed can interfere with your sleep cycle. 4. Eating too much late in the evening. Having a light snack before bedtime is OK, but eating too much may cause you to feel physically uncomfortable while lying down. Many people also experience heartburn, a backflow of acid and food from the stomach into the esophagus after eating, which may keep you awake.
Chronic insomnia may also be associated with medical conditions or the use of certain drugs. Treating the medical condition may help improve sleep, but the insomnia may persist after the medical condition improves.
If you’re eating healthfully and working out but not losing weight, there may be a reason. When you try to lose weight, your body fights back, so tweaking your strategy could help.
If you’re trying to lose weight, you may be able to lose quite a lot of weight at first without much effort. However, weight loss may slow down or stop altogether after a while.
This article lists 20 common reasons why you’re not losing weight. It also contains actionable tips on how to break through the plateau and get things moving again.
1. Maybe you are losing without realizing it
2. You’re not keeping track of what you’re eating
3. You’re not eating enough protein
4. You’re eating too many calories
5. You’re not eating whole foods
6. You’re not lifting weights
7. You’re binge eating
8. You’re not doing cardio
9. You’re still drinking sugar
10. You’re not sleeping well
11. You’re not cutting back on carbohydrates
12. You’re eating too often
13. You’re not drinking water
14. You’re drinking too much alcohol
15. You’re not eating mindfully
16. You have a medical condition that is making things harder
17. You have a junk food addiction
18. You’ve been dieting for too long
19. Your expectations are unrealistic
20. You’re too focused on dieting
Weight loss is not always easy and numerous factors can bring it to a standstill.
At the most basic level, not reaching your weight loss goal can occur when calorie intake is equal to or higher than calorie use.
Try strategies such as mindful eating, keeping a food diary, eating more protein, and doing strength exercises.
In the end, changing your weight and your lifestyle requires patience, dedication, perseverance, and resilience.
A miscarriage (also called a spontaneous abortion) is the unexpected ending of a pregnancy in the first 20 weeks of gestation. Just because it’s called a “miscarriage” doesn’t mean you did something wrong in carrying the pregnancy. Most miscarriages are beyond your control and occur because the fetus stops growing.
Types of miscarriage
Your pregnancy care provider may diagnose you with the following types of miscarriage:
1. Missed miscarriage: You’ve lost the pregnancy but are unaware it’s happened. There are no symptoms of miscarriage, but an ultrasound confirms the fetus has no heartbeat.
2. Complete miscarriage: You’ve lost the pregnancy and your uterus is empty. You’ve experienced bleeding and passed fetal tissue. Your provider can confirm a complete miscarriage with an ultrasound.
3.Recurrent miscarriage: Three consecutive miscarriages. It affects about 1% of couples.
4. Threatened miscarriage: Your cervix stays closed, but you’re bleeding and experiencing pelvic cramping. The pregnancy typically continues with no further issues. Your pregnancy care provider may monitor you more closely for the rest of your pregnancy.
5. Inevitable miscarriage: You’re bleeding, cramping and your cervix has started to open (dilate). You may leak amniotic fluid. A complete miscarriage is likely.
How do I know if I’m having a miscarriage?
You may not be aware you’re having a miscarriage. In people who have symptoms of a miscarriage, the most common signs are:
1. Bleeding that progresses from light to heavy. You may also pass grayish tissue or blood clots. 2. Cramps and abdominal pain (usually worse than menstrual cramps). 3. Low back ache that may range from mild to severe. 4. A decrease in pregnancy symptoms.
What causes miscarriage?
Chromosomal abnormalities cause about 50% of all miscarriages in the first trimester (up to 13 weeks) of pregnancy. Chromosomes are tiny structures inside the cells of your body that carry your genes. Genes determine all of a person’s physical attributes, such as assigned sex, hair and eye color and blood type.
During fertilization, when the egg and sperm join, two sets of chromosomes come together. If an egg or sperm has more or fewer chromosomes than normal, the fetus will have an abnormal number. As a fertilized egg grows into a fetus, its cells divide and multiply several times. Abnormalities during this process also leads to miscarriage.
Most chromosomal problems occur by chance. It’s not completely known why this happens.
Several factors may cause miscarriage:
Infection. Exposure to TORCH diseases. Hormonal imbalances. Improper implantation of fertilized egg in your uterine lining. How old you are. Uterine abnormalities. Incompetent cervix (your cervix begins to open too early in pregnancy). Lifestyle factors such as smoking, drinking alcohol or using recreational drugs. Disorders of the immune system like lupus. Severe kidney disease. Congenital heart disease. Diabetes that isn’t managed. Thyroid disease. Radiation. Certain medicines, such as the acne drug isotretinoin. Severe malnutrition.
There is no scientific proof that stress, exercise, sexual activity or prolonged use of birth control pills cause miscarriage. Whatever your situation is, it’s important to not blame yourself for having a miscarriage. Most miscarriages have nothing to do with something you did or didn’t do.
Yoga has a plethora of holistic health benefits. This ancient fitness form, which is also a way of life, has been known to not just safeguard inner and mental health but also give cures to skin and hair issues. If you’re someone who is tired of the short bob and desires for your tresses to be longer, there are several yoga asanas that can actually help out with hair growth. In fact, yoga for hair growth and better health has been getting some popularity around the world due to the wonderful results it seems to achieve. Here are some yoga asanas that not just promote hair growth, but will also help in reducing hair fall and improving their health.
1.Kapalabhati
Kapalhbhati is derived from two Sanskrit words: Kapala, which means “skull,” and Bhati, which means “light.” It’s a mind-body activity that rejuvenates, cleanses and invigorates. This breathing exercise helps cleanse the toxins from the kapal, meaning the entire head or face region, thus promoting better oxygen supply and reducing free radicals, enabling hair growth. Moreover, it helps reduce stress and anxiety, which are also contributing factors to hair fall.
2. Adho Mukha Svanasana
Adho Mukha Svanasana, better known as the downward facing pose, is among the 12 poses we practice during the Surya Namaskar. It is a transitional resting pose, which increases the blood flow. Due to this, there is a boost in the oxygen reaching the scalp and promotes hair growth. This asana has a range of other physical benefits as well. For example, it helps calm the mind, rejuvenate and energise the body.
3.Sarvangasana
Sarvangasana or the shoulder stand is a full body exercise, which works on different muscle groups. It helps improve your balance as well as posture. But besides that, this asana enhances the blood circulation in your head. Daily practice of the pose has a long-lasting effect on your head and is especially beneficial for dry and thin hair.
4. Balasana
Before you get any ideas, Balasana literally means child’s pose and does not refer to the hair. However, it combats the two biggest factors that cause hair fall: stress and digestive issues. Balasana is commonly recommended to provide relief from any stomach-related issues and it is known to help with anxiety as well. Daily practice of this pose can have a positive impact on both your digestive and mental health, thus cutting down the risk of hair loss considerably.
5. Sirsasana
Also known as the headstand, Sirsasana improves blood circulation in the scalp which helps in reducing hair loss, thinning of hair and balding. This asana helps in new hair growth and prevents greying of hair. It helps the dormant hair follicles to reach their maximum growth capacity and thus improve hair growth.
6. Vajrasana
Vajrasana or the thunderbolt pose is simple yet quite powerful. It deals directly with stomach-related issues, which you may or may believe, have a large part to play as far as hair loss goes. As per studies, poor gut flora can cause thinning of hair and eventually, lead to hair loss. Vajrasana helps relieve and cure a lot of these issues and it also helps digest your food better. This is beneficial to hair growth as nutrients are absorbed by the body better when your digestion is in top form. Of course, maintaining a healthy diet is a must for long, thick and healthy hair.
7. Uttanasana
Uttanasana AKA the camel pose is an effective yoga asana that takes some time to master. This yoga pose stretches as well as relaxes muscles and it also increases the oxygen levels and blood flow to the head. This, in turn, enables the hair follicles to be strong and your hair grows long. It not only improves the quality and texture of your hair but also makes it flawless and shinier.
8. Matsyasana
Popularly known as the fish pose, this is among the most effective and popular asanas for strong, long and healthy hair. It is quite easy to practice and can be done at home quickly without needing any equipment, like the other poses mentioned above. This yoga asana is known to relieve most hair problems with daily practice.
Remember, Yoga and pranayama help in stimulating blood circulation in the head and scalp, which thereby helps in rejuvenating dry and limp hair. This, in turn, controls hair loss and promotes hair growth. So, if you are experiencing hair loss or are seeing early signs of baldness, practicing yoga daily could help greatly.
Did you notice the sand the last time you went to the beach? And the ground on your last visit to the football field? The soil in both these places is distinctively different. Have you ever wondered why soil is a different texture and colour at different places? This is due to the different minerals in soil. Let us learn more about this.
Soil is the thin layer of loose material covering the earth’s surface. It is composed of both organic and inorganic materials. The formation of soil is an extremely long process taking up to an average of a thousand years. Soil is formed when surface rocks break into several smaller particles, called regolith, which then gets mixed with varied organic matter. This whole process is called Weathering. So weathering happens through three major ways, namely
Physical Weathering: This is the geological process when rocks get fragmented into smaller particles, without changing the chemical composition of the rocks. This primarily happens due to fluctuating temperatures causing the rocks to break apart. Chemical Weathering: This is the erosion of rocks and other surface materials caused due to chemical reactions. The rocks react with substances in the atmosphere, such as moisture, air, water etc. The resulting substance has a different chemical composition than the rock from which it formed. Hydration, Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Carbonation and Reduction are the chemical processes involved in chemical weathering. Biological Weathering: This is the process of disintegration of rocks due to actions of living organisms (animals, plants, microbes etc), like when a plant grows in the fissure of a rock and its roots exert pressure on the rock forcing in to break apart. Even microbes produce organic material that causes weathering.
Soil is essential a mix of various particles and substances. So let us have a look at all the things that make up soil,
Minerals: A very important substance found in soil. Minerals basically formed by the break down of large rocks. Some of the most common minerals found in soil are, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, Sulphur etc. Humus: Humus is the organic substances that are formed due to decomposition of dead and decomposing plants and animals. It lends the soil its fertility. Living Organisms: These are mostly microbes and other organisms (such as worms, bacteria, fungi etc.) that live in the soil and perform the decomposition of animals and plants that gives the soil humus. Water and Air: Water and air form a part of the soil and allow living organisms to perform their functions. They also help in the process of photosynthesis.
Soil is a mixture of various components. Now let us explore the importance of the minerals present in the soil. Minerals are the largest component in the soil, making up almost 40% to 45% of the total components. The minerals in the soil are classified into two categories, namely
Primary Minerals in soil: These are minerals which have not been chemically altered since deposition. They are same or similar to their parent materials. Often these materials are bigger in size and irregular in shape. These primary minerals are usually found in sand and silt. Secondary Minerals in soil: These are minerals formed as a result of weathering of Primary Minerals. Secondary minerals are mainly found in fine silt or clay. The particle size of these minerals is much smaller, due to the weathering process. These minerals have a large surface area that helps them retain moisture.
Picnics are one of the most exciting things that children and adults love equally. It helps us divert from daily life and adds a touch of variety to our lives. Moreover, a picnic can take us to another world that is different from the one we live in daily. It adds charm to our life and is a nice refreshment in our life. This picnic essay will tell you about the importance and a school picnic.
Picnics are very important as they add pleasantness to our lives. There are different kinds of picnics that people can enjoy. There are family picnics, school picnics, church picnics, union picnics, and more.
Picnics make our existence smooth and take us out of our daily routine. Moreover, picnics tend to bring out the best in us. We are able to enjoy physically as well as mentally in picnics.
This picnic essay tells you how they are a great way of bringing people together. Whether it is your family or your friends, everyone forms a bond at picnics. It is great for emotional bonding.
Moreover, it gives us a chance to speak out our minds and unwind and relax. Further, we also get to enjoy physical activities during picnics. The walks and games are beneficial to our body and improve our stamina too.
All in all, picnics are great for reigniting love and forming bonds with one another. They enhance your mental and physical health. Also, they keep the light and love glowing that sometimes get lost in our daily lives.
Many people travel for different purposes. Whether it is for a business trip or a holiday trip, we see people travelling often. Some people prefer a hilly area for travelling while the others like travelling to places with beaches. In this travelling essay, we will look at the importance of travelling and how it has changed ever since the old times.
While the reasons for travelling are many, we must not forget that it can be a refreshing experience. Travelling is an experience that can teach us so many things that you cannot possibly learn while living at home.
Firstly, it teaches you how to make new friends. The world is full of people who love interacting. You get to make friends when you travel to new places and spend quality time with them.
Moreover, it also helps you enhance your social skills. After that, travelling is great for learning new skills. For instance, going to mountain regions teaches you how to trek. Similarly, going to beaches helps you learn scuba diving or surfing.
You can also enjoy the beauty of nature when you travel. Similarly, you get to explore nature like never before and find discover the earth’s beauty. Travelling also helps us understand people.
After you spend time at a new place, you interact with the local people of the place. You learn so much about them and their culture. It makes you more open-minded and be mindful of the culture and beliefs of different people.
Travelling has changed significantly thanks to technology. In the earlier days, it was not easy to travel. Travelling on foot or on animals was the only option back then. Ships were also an option but they were too risky.
Further, people use bullocks and horse carts and even camels to travel. Sled was an option for people travelling to snow-covered regions. Moreover, it was a hassle to travel even to a short distance as it consumed too much time.
However, with the changing times and revolutionary technology, travelling has become one of the easiest things to do. There are so many new ways and means to travel that the travel game has changed drastically.
We can board a variety of vehicles now to travel such as bus, train, truck, aeroplane, submarine, hovercraft, and more. You can reach a place far away within no time thanks to all these transport options.
Further, there are no barriers now. You can use online maps and translators when travelling to a different city or country to help you. Cab service and food service is readily available too. Thus, travelling is very easy now thanks to technology.
WHY HOBBIES ARE IMPORTANT Having a hobby that we enjoy brings us joy and enriches our lives. It gives us something fun to do during our leisure time and affords us the opportunity to learn new skills. We are very fortunate to have so many different options out there today. In fact, there are entire websites devoted to hobbies and interests.
The best way to cultivate a new hobby is to try something new. The world is full of wonderful, exciting activities that we can explore and adopt as our own. Of course, all of us are unique and, therefore, our interests and hobbies vary. But once we find a hobby that we truly enjoy and are passionate about, we become hooked. It becomes part of our lives and captivates us in a very personal way.
There are many reasons why all of us should have at least one hobby, but here are the main advantages:
It makes you more interesting. People who have hobbies have experiences and stories that they can share with others. They also have specialized knowledge that they can teach to anyone who also has an interest in the same topics as they do.
It helps to relieve stress by keeping you engaged in something you enjoy. Hobbies give you a way to take your mind off the stresses of everyday life. They let you relax and seek pleasure in activities that aren’t associated with work, chores or other responsibilities.
Hobbies help you become more patient. In order to develop a new hobby, you have to learn how to do something that is brand new to you. The odds are there will be a learning curve, and you will need to be patient in order to build your skills. Having a hobby can help your social life and create a bond with others. A hobby is something that you can frequently enjoy with other people. Whether you join a club, play in a league, or just gift others with the fruits of your labor, a hobby is a great way to meet and get closer to people who have the same interests as you do.
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WHY HOBBIES ARE IMPORTANT Having a hobby that we enjoy brings us joy and enriches our lives. It gives us something fun to do during our leisure time and affords us the opportunity to learn new skills. We are very fortunate to have so many different options out there today. In fact, there are entire websites devoted to hobbies and interests.
The best way to cultivate a new hobby is to try something new. The world is full of wonderful, exciting activities that we can explore and adopt as our own. Of course, all of us are unique and, therefore, our interests and hobbies vary. But once we find a hobby that we truly enjoy and are passionate about, we become hooked. It becomes part of our lives and captivates us in a very personal way.
There are many reasons why all of us should have at least one hobby, but here are the main advantages:
It makes you more interesting. People who have hobbies have experiences and stories that they can share with others. They also have specialized knowledge that they can teach to anyone who also has an interest in the same topics as they do. It helps to relieve stress by keeping you engaged in something you enjoy. Hobbies give you a way to take your mind off the stresses of everyday life. They let you relax and seek pleasure in activities that aren’t associated with work, chores or other responsibilities. Hobbies help you become more patient. In order to develop a new hobby, you have to learn how to do something that is brand new to you. The odds are there will be a learning curve, and you will need to be patient in order to build your skills. Having a hobby can help your social life and create a bond with others. A hobby is something that you can frequently enjoy with other people. Whether you join a club, play in a league, or just gift others with the fruits of your labor, a hobby is a great way to meet and get closer to people who have the same interests as you do. It increases your confidence and self-esteem. The odds are that if you really enjoy an activity, you are usually pretty good at it. Any activity that you can excel in is an opportunity for you to build your confidence and develop pride in your accomplishments. Hobbies help reduce or eradicate boredom. They give you something to do when you find yourself with nothing to fill your time. They also give you an activity that you can look forward to and get excited about. It helps you develop new skills. A hobby that you really dedicate your time to will lead you to build new skills. As you spend more time at your hobby you will become better and better at it. It increases your knowledge. Along with building new skills, you will also gain new knowledge through the development of your hobby.
It enriches your life and gives you a different perspective on things. No matter what type of hobby you choose, you will definitely be exposed to new ideas. Hobbies help you grow in various ways, including exposing you to new opinions and to new ways to look at life. It challenges you. When you pick a new hobby, you will be involved in activities that are novel and challenging. If you don’t find your hobby challenging, then you also won’t find it engaging, and it will be less enjoyable. That means you need to find a better hobby.
Plato was born in Athens, Greece, around 429 B.C. He was expected to become a politician by his family but he chose not to for two reasons and took the road of philosophy and mathematics. The first reason was the Peloponnesian War where he found out that some of his relatives were part of a dictatorship and were removed for corruption. The second reason was the death of Socrates who was the biggest influence in Plato’s life. Socrates was executed by the new Athenian government. Plato started writing and became a philosopher. He studied under Pythagoras in Sicily. After returning from there, he founded The Academy, a place where he and other people discussed philosophy and mathematics to come to better conclusions.
Plato’s allegory of the cave proves the power of reasoning over the senses. Personal human experiences will not amount to the truth. Proper philosophical reasoning is the only way to find the truth. To understand his allegory of the cave, you first need to understand his theory of forms. So Plato states that reality exists on two specific levels. First is the visible world which has sight and sound. Second is the intelligible world which gives the visible world its being. For example, when a person sees an ugly face he’s quickly able to identify its ugliness of it. Because in his mind he has an idea of ugly that allows him to point out ugly. He was able to spot the ugliness because he has an abstract idea of what ugliness is. The current state of that ugly face might change in the future because everything keeps changing in the visible world but the form of beauty, ugly etc is eternal and never changes. This is the theory of forms.
Credits- Amelia
Coming onto the theory of caves, The allegory of caves was a conversation between Socrates and Plato’s brother, Glaucon. Socrates asks Glaucon to imagine a world where illusion is believed to be reality. To prove his point further, he asks him to imagine a scenario where there’s a cave and 3 people are locked up inside the cave since their birth. Their necks and legs are chained and cannot escape from the cave. They can only see what is in front of them. Behind and above the prisoners is a fire, and between the fire and prisoners, there is a low wall from where people walk with objects in their heads. Now, these prisoners can only see the shadow of the object and therefore they believe the shadow to be the real form of the object. Because the prisoners have never been exposed to real objects, they start to believe that the real form of that object looks like a shadow. If a shadow of a hammer were to appear, they’d believe the shadow of the hammer to be the real hammer. They are not saying that it’s a shadow because in their reality no shadows exist. They think it’s an actual hammer. One of the prisoners will eventually be able to understand the nature of this illusionary world and would be able to guess what shadow will come next. This will lead to him being praised by the other 2 prisoners.
Suppose, one of the prisoners is set free. He escapes the cave and gets to see the world. He gets angry and frustrated after seeing the real world because he believes the cave illusion to be his reality. When his reality is disproved, he becomes angry, sad and frustrated because he is now forced to believe something else and step out of his comfort zone. Eventually, he’ll be able to make sense of what he has seen and accept that the cave illusion was not his reality. He has now accepted that his past was based on a lie and that is not the way he should perceive things going ahead because he has now found out that it was all an illusion. He goes back to the cave to tell the other prisoners about the real world. When he tells them whatever he has witnessed, they don’t believe him and threaten to kill him if he tries to free them. They are so comfortable in their fake reality that they don’t even want to make the effort of exploring a new possibility because that might lead them out of their comfort zone and face chaos. People mistake what is in front of them as reality and choose to live in ignorance. And when parts of the truth start to emerge in front of their eyes, they get frightened. Because that threatens their ignorant reality. However, a person who pays attention to these flashes of truth and is open to the idea of exploration will always have a better understanding of the world around him. Always aim for reasoning rather than simply believing what seems easy to believe.
Credits- steemit
*I was influenced to write this article after coming across the book Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman*
I sat with my friend clive to know more about his culture. He told me how he was brought up to be a Christian and what were his values. He used to go to church every morning. Then we discussed if he has ever faced discrimination due to his religion. He didn’t feel that he has experienced discrimination. I also asked my Muslim friends if they’ve had any such experiences. They also felt the same way.
All of the people that I interviewed are from a well-to-do backgrounds. This makes me come to my next observation. Are people discriminated against because of their religion or because they belong from a not so well to do background? If you see in our society, Muslim or Christian people who have money don’t have to go through the religious stigma that other people go through. For example, a poor Muslim might have to go through a lot of discrimination as compared to a well-to-do Muslim. In today’s world if you are rich then you’re a powerful man.
Credits- gettyimages
I also had the opportunity of meeting a Muslim boy who was not very well-to-do. He told me that in his school, people were always given an opportunity before him. He was the last boy to be considered for every activity and he feels it’s because of his religion. I am not trying to make a stupid assumption but I feel this has some truth to it. In today’s world, if you belong to the higher class of society, you are likely to not go through any hardships due to your religion. Although, that is not completely true because there have been a lot of events where people were either kicked out or denied to take property at a certain place.
This activity led me to discover a lot of insights into the religious stigma that exists around me. I’d encourage everyone to go and ask people from vulnerable backgrounds about their lives. It serves two purposes. They get to share their sorrows and you become more informed about the situation of the matter.
Do you know your blood type? If you haven’t been in any medical situations where blood type is important, you might not.
We know that there are 8 main blood groups that make up most of the world’s population.
But it turns out that scientists still don’t know why we evolved different blood types. And that may remain a mystery for a long time. But from now, science can at least tell you about your own blood.
Knowing your Blood type
In develops parts of the world, it’s not crucial to know your blood type off the top of your head. Doctors will typically run tests before any major procedure and if there’s any doubt in a medical emergency, you’ll most likely receive O negative blood, because that’s the universal donor blood that’s save to give to any A, B, AB or O recipient.
Blood type experiments
For thousands of years nobody really understood blood. A Greek doctor Claudius Galenus from 200 CE believed that it was created food and liver, and this school of thought lived on for nearly 1500 years.
It wasn’t until in the 17th century A british doctor named William Harvey, discovered that blood actually circulated through the body. This spawned A new age of experimentation with blood.
In 1665, an English physician successfully kept one dog alive by transfusing it with a blood of another dog. Just two years later, doctors began experimenting with Xenotransfusions. That is transfusing humans with animal blood, such a sheep. And those human patients died.
It wasn’t until 1900 that we finally realised people and animals actually have different types of blood that determine whose blood can mix with whose. That’s where different letters came into play.
If you’re type A, your immune system will perceive type B blood as an intruder and trigger auto immune response that can cause
kidney failure,
extensive blood clotting, and
even shock.
The reverse is true of type B blood. The immune system will attack type A.
AB blood however, accept both A and B blood without triggering the auto immune response. These things get little bit complicated when introduced there negative and positive part of your blood type. Positive can’t accept negative, but the opposite is extremely dangerous.
Other than 8 Blood types
To further complicate things scientists have discovered dozens of more blood type, such as the Duffy blood group, which can determine your susceptibility to malaria. Or the Hh blood type, which 1 in 10,000 people in India have. But the vast majority of the humans fall into this A, B, O system.
As per why humans evolved this complicated system of blood types and compatibility, we really don’t know. The original mutations are thought to date back nearly 20 million years. But whatever the biology is behind blood typing, it’s a real practical thing that matters.
It’s just not a bad idea to know your blood type. If you’re traveling somewhere that’s rural, or doesn’t have access to advance medicine, it’s good for you and your travelling companion to know your types, just in case of an accident along the way. In big emergency closer to home, blood banks often put in calls for donors of a specific type. And remember if you’re type O Negative, you’re an extremely useful universal donor. So, knowing your type can give you a peace of mind.
Harvard medical school published a study which looked at over 40,000 men, aged 20-90 who were either runners, walkers, swimmers, and physically in active people. With an average length of 13 years of observation and in that time
2% of swimmers passed away
8% of runners passed away
9% of walkers passed away
11% of physically inactive people passed away
This study showed that swimmers are much healthier later on in life than the rest of the population and for women swimming just 30 mins a day can decrease coronary heart disease by 30 to 40 percent.
It also helps to increase HDL aka good Colestrol. Some studies have also shown that aerobic excercise can keep the cells in the lining of your arteries more flexible and healthier. Hence there is no question that swimming is an awesome form of fitness.
Body during swimming
What do you actually feel when you go into the water? Here are some main elements of the human body that gets impacted during swimming.
1. Blood
According to the America Heart Association, swimming is considered as Aerobic activity. Aerobic excercise enlarges the heart and it increases the blood flow through the entire boby. Because swimming is an excercise, the blood has to pump all the molecules into the body.
2. Heart
Since so much of blood has to be pumped into the body, that ties into how it impacts your heart because we know that after 2 mins your body goes into aerobic respiratory because your heart has to pump all the oxygenated blood through the body. So as you swim, your heart is circulating the blood which help your body to perform and achieve the required goals.
3. Skin
You must have seen that the skin color changes of swimmers. For example, some swimmers face turns red when the swim, that happens because your blood vessels are dilating and the brings the heat to the surface into the skin then some people turn red, as a result your skin is showing the effort that you’re putting in the water.
4.Muscles
There’s a reason why swimmers are considered to have best body and physiques in the world compared to any athlete, because swimming engages every single muscles in the water when it comes to your core stability, your upper body, your biceps, your hamstrings, your calves, everything is engaged when you swim.
When you’re swimming, you are micro tearing your muscles while swinging it. And the muscles requires 24-48 hrs to recover those muscles. That’s when sometimes you might feel sore.
5. Lungs
Swimming can actually help increase your lungs volume because in swimming different than other sports, you can’t actually breath whenever you want. It’s not like running when you have full access to oxygen.
In swimming you’re engaging your muscles and you’re not allowed to breathe necessarily at the time when your body might want it. So because you have to get used to this, you actually increase your Vo to max (maximum amount of oxygen body is able to use). So basically you are making your lungs more efficient at functioning.
6. Brain
The Brain loves swimming, because of all the extra blood flow moving through these endorphins that makes you more awake, alert and focus.
But this could happen in any type of sport but swimming is something really special because you’re sort of in your own world where the medium is 800 times more dense than air, which makes you feel free and relaxed.
Hence, from physical health to mental health, swimming is an incredible benefit human body and after reading this you must be thinking of trying swimming.
People have very different opinions on what bilingualism really is. For some it means speaking two languages fluently and with little to no effort rather strongly consider a person bilingual, if it has perfect pronounciation in both languages and makes very few grammatical errors while talking.
Illustration of language concept
The truth is that, even with a bad accent and making some mistake, being able to speak in two or more languages rather than one has practical benefits in an increasingly globalised world.
Multilingualism
Multilingualism has been shown to have many psychological and social advantages that can go something simply as
watching movies with no subtitles
to having less problems in traveling and
even getting a job or business opportunities specially in tourist areas.
Types of Bilingualism
It is considered to be two types of Bilingualism
1. Compound Bilingualism
Compound Bilingualism, also called addictive Bilingualism happens for example when a child is raised by bilingual parents and both languages are used in home, the child grows when both languages are used simultaneously in the same environment.
With this type of Bilingualism, the person does not see the two languages as separate it is common to hear such people speaking different languages in the same sentence or using a word of a different language from the one they’re talking to better express themselves.
2. Coordinate Bilingualism
This is the second type of Bilingualism also know as Subtractive Bilingualism. In this type, the person perceive two languages as separate because he learns them separately and in different environments in context.
I am an example of coordinate Bilingualism, most of the time i talk Hindi when I’m in my college environment or to people who talks only that language, I use the language specifically for those context but to my family members i usually talk in Bengali which is my native language, the language related to my home environment. I see these two language as separate since I learned and used them in completely different environments.
Officially Monolingual Countries
Only a few countries in the world including the U.S, England, and Australia are officially Monolingual but even in these countries only a considerable percent of people who speaking and understand more than one language.
Advantage
Researchers suggest that bilingualism can slow the advance of age-related mental issues such as Dementia and Alzheimer’s by up to 4 years.
Also in bilingual adult, brain tissue called grey matter is denser compared with Monolingual adults.
Although speaking more than one language does not necessarily make you more intelligent person, it helps stimulates and increase brain connections. Learning a new language is like an excercise to the brain that will improve your Cognitive skills and even if you grew up in a Monolingual environment, it is never too late to start learning a different language.
The neckties, also known as decorative noose are a narrow piece of fabric designed to be worn around the neck and tied at the throat. They can be made from many materials but commonly constructed from silk or cotton.
Varieties
Today there are many different kinds of neckties:-
Ascot tie
The zipper tie
Clip on tie
The tie dye tie
So when did wrapping a piece of fabric around your neck become a formal style necessity. The length of World War to blame can partially be placed on the French Military. While humans have been tying fabric around their neck since they could sew.
History
The neckties is been known as it didn’t start crowding collars until the 17th century. King Louis XIII of France had hired Croatian mercenaries to fight for him during the 30-year war and the king was impressed by the length of cloth the Croatian used to keep their jackets together.
Croatian
Louis liked it so much that he required his entire royal court to wear them a tradition that his son will continue in his court. The trend soon spread across the French aristocracy and it wasn’t long before all of the Europe had converted to the curve at.
Tying a Necktie
There are four main ways to tie a neckties;
The Four-in-hand knot
The Pratt knot aka The Shelby knot
Half-windsor knot
The Windsor knot
According to researchers from Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory, there are 85 ways to tie a tie. Thomas Fink and Yong Mao actually use Mathematical modeling to figure this out and publish a book on their finding.
Towards the end of tie fashion
The necktie is losing its grip around the throat of male fashion. Tech companies such as Google, Amazon, and eBay actually encourage their employees to dress casually with some going as far as banning traditional office wear entirely and other companies are following suits.
Its fast become a power move to dress drown to the office in the 21st century as a statement of fellow workers, you can wear what ever you want.
Californian companies have led the charge in disrupting many common business practices, by rejecting aspects of corporate life that once seemed to given such as
Traditional working hours
Corporate hierarchies
Paying employees a living wage
Now politicians and even royalty are leaving tie in their dresses so it many not be long before neckties joins the history books of pointless male neck fashion.
Body Dysmorphic disorder is a mental disorder marked by an obsessive of perceived defects or flaws in once appearance. A flaw that to others is considered minor or not observable.
People suffering from BDD
Can feel emotion such as shame and disgust concerning a part or parts of their body part and fixate on this.
The obsession is so intense that the person repeatedly checks and compares the perceived flaw seeks reassurance sometimes for several hours each day.
The person can also adopt unusual routines to avoid social contact that exposes the perceived flaw.
This pervasive thoughts about their appearance and body image interfere with their daily life via
Educational
Occupational dysfunction and
Isolation
No matter how many times people assure them that there is no flaw, they cannot accept that the issue doesn’t exist.
The most common features about which people obsess includes:-
Nose
Wrinkles
Acne
Complexion
Blemishes
Hair
Skin
Vein appearance
Muscles size
Tone
Breast size
Buttocks
Genitalia
BDD is estimated to affect up to 2.4% of the population. The condition usually starts during adolescence affecting both men and women. BDD does not go away on its own if Untreated it may get worse with time leading to
severe depression
Anxiety
Substance abuse
Suicidal thoughts and behavior
Causes
The exact cause is unknown, but like every other disorder BDD may result from a combination of causes such as:-
Brain differences
Environmental factors; special if they involve negative social evaluations about the body or Self-image
Childhood trauma
Genetics; studies suggest that BDD is likely to run in family.
Certain factors that may increase the risk of developing the condition may include:-
A family history
Negative body image
Perfectionism
Negative life experiences such as bullying or teasing
Introversion
Media influence.
Symptoms
Extreme preoccupation with a perceived flaw in your physical appearance that appear minor to others for at least one hour a day. Attempting to hide perceived flaw with –
styling, makeup or clothes – to seeking plastic or cosmetic surgery,
avoiding social situations,
constantly comparing appearance with others,
always seeking assurance about appearance from others,
low self-esteem, compulsive behaviour such as skin picking and frequent clothes changing.
Extreme preoccupation with an appearance that interferes with social life work, school, or other functionality.
Diagnosis
A medical evaluation will be carried out other medical conditions after which further evaluation is carried out by a mental health professional.
Diagnosis is based on:-
A psychological evaluation; which aims at assessing risk factors and thoughts feeling as well as behavior can be associated with a negative self-image.
Personal, medical, family and social health history.
Treatment
Treatment option may include therapy and medication includes:-
Cognitive behavioral therapy; that helps you learn how to cope and behave to improve your mental health
Medications; such as SSRIs may help is control obsession and control repetitive behaviours
Psychiatric hospital may be suggested if the symptom is severe such as when you’re in immediate danger of harming yourself.
India got independence on 15th August of 1947 assured in a new era in the history of the country but philatelist had to wait another 98 days for the release of India’s most commemorate stamp on 21st of November 1947.
First stamp
The Postal Telegraph Department however came out with a large Kashi postmarked with the slogan “Jai hind” for the occasion and letters mailed that the major post offices of the country were cancelled with this post mark.
The India’s first commemorative stamp features the Lion capital of Ashoka which had one set on the top of a column of Sarnath near Varanasi. The lion capital has since been around at the state emblem of India the denomination of the stamp was one and a half annas and an inspiration of “Jai hind” in Hindi was also depicted in the stamps.
Other stamps
Actually three stamps were planned to release at the time of Independence. The rest two stamps were released in the 15th of December 1947 with the three and a half annas stamp with portray of the national flag in tricolor Saffron on the top, white in the middle and green in the bottom.
The twelve annas stamp depicts an aircraft a symbol of the modern age. These stamps also have inscription “Jai hind” in hindi, they are also known are Jai Hind stamps.
The stamps were printed offset lithography. As the three and a half annas stamp was printed in three colors in three steps because difference in inking at different stages, because specimens having the top of the flag in deep orange or pale orange and the lower part in pale green and deep green were coming across.
You probably have a jar of Vaseline somewhere in your house. Millions of people swear by it as a remedy for clapped lips, congestions, diaper rash and dry skin. Unfortunately the popular product is more harmful than many realise.
What is Petroleum Jelly?
Petroleum jelly, commonly known by the brand name Vaseline, is a byproduct of the oil refining process. It was originally found coating the bottom of oil rigs in the mid 1800s. As a byproduct of the oil industry, it’s an unsustainable resource and far from eco-friendly.
How does it work?
Used in everything from lotions to baby products, petroleum jelly works by creating a protective barrier on the skin to hold in moisture. The waterproof barrier it created on the skin blocks pores and can lock in residue and bacteria.
When used on a burn or a sunburn area, it locks in heat and can block the body’s ability to heal. You need to stop using Vaseline for these four reasons:
It contains harmful Hydrocarbon. The skin is unable to metabolize petroleum jelly, so it sits as a barrier on the skin untill it wears off. This blocks the body from gaining any benefit from the substance. A 2011 study found strong evidence that the mineral oil hydrocarbon Vaseline contains are “the greatest contaminant of the human body”
It Promotes Collagen Breakdown. Due to the barrier that petroleum jelly creates on skin, it blocks the skin ability to breathe and absorb nutrients. This can cause the skin to pull the moisture and nutrients it needs from within, leading to collagen breakdown.
It can leads to Estrogen dominance. Estrogen dominance occurs when the body has high levels of estrogen and low levels of progesterone. It has linked to infertility, menstrual problems, allergies and autoimmune problems. Petroleum jelly contains chemicals called xenoestrogens which are believed to increase estrogen problems.
It can cause pneumonia. Although rare, a condition known as lipid pneumonia can occur when small amounts of petroleum jelly is inhaled and build up in the lungs. Because the body can’t metabolize or breakdown the substance, a severe inflammation in the lungs can occur.
Natural Alternatives
There are several natural alternatives to petroleum jelly that you can use without worrying about health risks. If you’re looking for a simple alternative, try one of these options:-
Shea butter – High is vitamin A, E and F, shea butter works to nourish the skin through the beneficial fatty acids it contains. It can also help reduce inflammation and increase collagen productions.
Beeswax – a great alternative to petroleum jelly is Beeswax. It can be blended into homemade beauty products to protect the skin. Add it to a homemade lip balm and body cream.
Coconut oil – this oil loaded with health benefits. It works to nourish the skin through the fatty acids, lauric acids and anti-inflammatory compounds.
Coco butter – it contains antioxidants and benefits fatty acids. It may even reduce the signs of ageing.
An industry expects their employees to have Non-technical skills and personal attributes such as team work, communication skills, integrity, reliability and self-motivation are considered more important than purely technical skills to get industry ready.
Importance
A study shows that 50% of the curriculum that are been taught in college/universities, by the time students will graduate, it will get auxiliated with new technologies in the market.
Let’s say for example, a product manager of a company who advertises the product, collects data and analysis the data to improve the marketing strategies of company. He can do it manually, but with time if an app is developed for this work, the company won’t be requiring any product manager.
Although degrees are important for future but it is also important to have a knowledge about what all techniques and skills that will be there in future and also to start developing those skills.
How can students be industry ready?
Here are some ways of getting industry ready:-
Practical Knowledge of Doing Things:- If you can demonstrate how to implement the theoretical knowledge you have then your chances of getting hired will improve significantly.
Sharpen Your Communication Skills:- If you are not able to communicate properly, your knowledge will be of little use to you.
Inculcate the Habit of Innovation:- Form a habit to think out of the box, if you can provide a company with a method to save on expenditure or increase their profit, you have better chances of getting hired.
Read Books and Newspapers Regularly:- Form a habit to read a newspaper or book at least half an hour daily, as this will improve your thinking process as well.
Build Your Profile to Show Your Accomplishments:- One needs to be presentable and be able to exhibit his or her qualifications and capabilities convincingly.
Pursue Online Courses to Hone Your Skills:- To make yourself industry ready, it is better to learn some new skills online.
Work on Your Weak Areas:- The trick here is to present your weaknesses in a way that it looks profitable to the company for whom you want to work for.
Learn to Organize and Manage Your Time:- It is about getting the maximum output in a given amount of time. Productivity matters a lot when you are working for a company.
So start investing more on prolonged and sustainable skills because knowledge and degrees are not going to be most required in future. This is the time to decide what is to be done and how should the steps be taken forward.
Made in China, accept it or not but for many of us this label has become synonymous with low cost and low quality. So how true is the stereotype and what has Chinese done to deserve such a bad reputation? Well the list goes long, the latest item is vaccine.
China has sold vaccines to the World which may not be working. It is currently exporting vaccine to 43 countries with:-
a total of 742 million doses that have been sold,
22 million doses have been donated,
262 million doses have been delivered.
China is exporting 3 major vaccines:-
Sinovac
CanSino BIO
Sinopharm
But do these vaccines even work? Let’s look at some of the countries those have received Chinese vaccines.
Mongolia
In Mongolia, more than half of the population is fully vaccinated but daily infection has risen by more than 70% in the last 2 weeks, and they’re using the Chinese vaccine Sinopharm. No doubt Mongolians are questioning the effectiveness of the Chinese vaccine.
Bahrain
Bahrain an Asian country is witnessing a surge. There’s a sharp rise in the number of infections and this dispite of high levels of inoculation. How will China explain this? China’s Sinopharm vaccine, accounts for 60% of the inoculation. Bahrain is now administering a Pfizer booster shot for those who have received both doses of vaccine.
Seychelles
Seychelles of East Africa, 61% of the population have been vaccinated with just 100,000 of people. This island nation has the highest vaccination cover globally. It’s daily average cases rose up to 400 with 37% of the fresh infections reported in fully vaccinated people. This is the result of the Chinese vaccine they’re using which is Sinopharm.
UAE
The United Arab Emirates has vaccinated more than 38% of the population with more than 51% have received first dose and yet daily new cases exceeded to 1700. And they are also using the vaccine Sinopharm that was received from China and UAE is also questioning the efficacy of the Chinese vaccine and also giving a Pfizer booster shot to Sinopharm recipient.
Countries who have refused
Philippines
In the month of May, the Philippines President apologized and asked China to take away Sinopharm vaccine back. He sent back the doses because Chinese cure is unproven.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia has also refused to recognise certificates of Sinovac and Sinopharm. It is recommending Pfizer and AstraZeneca instead.
Do Chinese vaccines works in China
There’s a fresh out break of new infections that are been reported in the Guangdong province of China. Guangdong with its capital Guangzhou, accounting of 90% of the confirmed cases. Health authorities of the capital blames the delete variant which was first identified in India. A strict lockdown has been composed there overseas arrivals are being quarantined, million have forced to indoors.
Hence its proven that the rumours of China had conquered the pandemic was false. The virus is unpredictable, it keeps spreading. Vaccines are not full proof in preventing infections but if one vaccine has repeatedly proven ineffective then it’s time for some reflection.
Narcissistic personality disorder or NDP is a personality disorder characterized by grandiosity. You may see it in people who have an inflated ego, with little regards to others. It is important to note that NDP is a psychiatric condition, and it is more complex than simply being arrogant. It’s distressing for those who have it and for those who’re around them. Hoping to shed some light on the condition, and sign that a person should seek help. While much of T.V and movies portray narcissism as people who feel like they’re better than everyone else, it’s usually not just the case.
What is narcissism?
Narcissism is a set of traits classified and studied by psychologists. The psychological definition of narcissism is an inflated, grandiose self-image. To varying degrees, narcissists think they’re better looking, smart and more important than other people and that they deserve special treatment.
Psychologists recognize two form of narcissism as personality traits:
Grandiose
Vulnerable
What is NDP?
NPD is a personality disorder in which the person feels self-important and craves constant validation.
Their feelings of superiority often hint at a deeper problem.
As their need of validation often comes from a place of insecurity and instability rather than genuine self love which they may not be aware of.
What causes NPD?
While the cause of NPD is unknown, researchers believe that it has to do with a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
It’s believed that 6% of people have this disorder. Men have a higher chance of this disorder than women.
Some believe that NPD is developed to cope with trauma and feelings of inadequacy. Others believe it may be learned in early childhood from dealing with anything, from abuse to excessive pampering.
There is even a debate as to how much of the disorder is passed down from parents to children acquiring the disorder.
What are the signs and Symptoms?
The feeling of grandiosity where they feel that they’re superior to others and low empathy are often seen in those with NPD; they don’t care much for others expecting to receive constant validation.
People with NPD feel as though they’re entitled to whatever they want which can be dangerous as it can manifest into toxic relationships.
They may manipulate others to get what they want.
They brag and exaggerate their achievements or feel envious of anyone that outperforms them, but deep down the person with NPD may be really dealing with their own feeling of inadequacy.
How to get help?
People with NPD may not seek help for the disorder itself as they may not know that there’s an issue.
Usually, people are diagnosed because they seek treatment for other issues such as depression or addiction.
However people who feel that they may have the condition and urged to reach out for help. NPD and the underlying feelings of inadequacy can be treated. It not only benefits the individual, but also to people around them.
What treatment options are available?
People diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder will most likely work with a therapist using psychotherapy methods.
Other self-improving activities such as:-
Doing exercises and,
Hobbies may be used in conjunction with therapy.
Coming to a conclusion, we do live in a very materialistic and Consumersious society and as long as that’s the case, narcissism is going to win because it’s about putting yourself first and not caring as much about others. Not to mention people with NPD can be very generous when it’s going to get them what they need. They may buy everyone big dinners and take everyone on a big vacation so it creates this illusion that there’s lots of people all around them, because it’s all the stuff that they’re making possible for them. It’s important to know that treatment is available and that life can be made more manageable.
You might have heard about the deadliest punishment that one could never wonder in their dreams. It is also known by the name Kala paani ki saza or by the name The black water punishment. So why is this jail different from other jails?
Emergence
During the colonial rule, Britishers got short of places where they could keep and punish the freedom fighters and political activists who were emerging against them. So they made single cellular jail punishment there they can punish the freedom fighters. In the year 1896, Britishers decided to build this jail on Andaman & Nicobar islands and in the year 1906 it was completed.
It was named as “cellular jail” because every jailer was kept in a single cell, so that the one jailer could not talk to others. As the jailers were freedom fighters so if they communicate somehow they will be able to find a way out. The cellular jail is also on an island which is surrounded by water so that the jailer won’t ran way.
The Punishment
The cellular jail wasn’t any normal jail it was like an experimental jail for the Britishers which involved torture, medical tests, forced labor and also some of these punishment which are unimaginable. The Britishers used to send freedom fighters to 1300 km across the water to the Andaman & Nicobar islands. It was so far away from India that people would die even on the boat voyage. So if the prisoners made it that far, they were kept in the cells which were designed for solitary confinement.
The cells of the jail is made up of brick and concrete where there is no toilet, the jailers were allowed to go to the toilet in the morning and at night and the rest of the time they were just locked in the cell. They prisoners were also forced to do labor like to extract 30 pounds of coconut oil and 10 pounds of mustard oil in a day. And if they don’t, then they have to face the consequences by beating up with iron rods while they are chained in iron chains.
Britishers in their own jail
In the year 1944, Japanese came to India and invaded the Islands and took over. The Japanese prisoned the Britishers in their own prison. As per Mahatma gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore’s demand the Indian prisoners were set free.
After the Japanese lost in World War II, they had to retreat, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands became India’s part when it got independent in the year 1947.
After independence the cellular jail was declared as a National Memorial which is now a tourist place for all. There is also a Museum where you can get to know about all the freedom fighters along with their stories.
Air pollution is a global malice. It destabilzes the climate, punishes our lungs and now according to a new study could possibly affect our eye sight or might make you blind.
The research was published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology, it analysed 115,000 participants over 14 years. At the start of the study in 2006, these people have no eye problems but in the latest medical examination , 1,286 of them reported A.M.D (Age related Macular Degeneration). It is the leading cause of blindness among the people aged 50+ in rich nations. There are 200 million people living with this condition.
There appears to be a link between A.M.D and air pollution. People exposed to fine particulate matter are more vulnerable to A.M.D, nearly 8% vulnerable and this isn’t from industry level exposure. Even relatively low level of air pollution could be triggering A.M.D.
Effect on eye sight
The eyes have particularly high flow of blood. This leaves them vulnerable fine particles that flow through the body. It’s important to note that this study is observational. It cannot categorically establish a link between air pollution and A.M.D. However there has been similar study elsewhere with the same results. And the link between smoking and A.M.D has always been known.
The threat from air pollution has always been clear, but new studies are revealing more dimensions of this threat.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that air pollution contributes to 7 Million deaths annually. This leaves us with another cause of concern, toxic air could leave you blind.
From brushing and flossing to straightening and whitening, people today put a lot of work into maintaining a health and appearance to their smile. The current trend is for straight, pearly white teeth. But history of dental care stretches all the way back to the beginning of human society.
Ancient ways of cleaning teeth
Prehistoric humans who lived before the advert of oral care actually had very few dental problems. Scientists believe this is on account of their diet, which consisted of unprocessed fibrous foods that help clean their teeth while they ate. However as human evolved, so did the food on menu. Overtime, people found if they didn’t take care of their teeth, they developed dental problems.
Archaeology found evidence that early humans cleaned their teeth by picking at them with things like porcupine quills, animal bones, and tree twigs.
In earlier 3,500 BCE, Mesopotamians were using chew sticks to clean their teeth. Egyptian and Chinese have known to use them as well.
Tooth Decay
Ancient people were always aware of the tooth decay. But the first known scientific theory about its causes dates back at least 5,000 years, to Ancient Sumeria. The theory was that cavities were caused by a creature known as the tooth worm, which they believed would wore holes in teeth.
Cavities can actually resemble the kinds of holes that the worms bore through other materials, like wood. The Sumerians, Greeks, Egyptian, Chinese, Japanese, and Indian people all believed in the tooth worm. Some European doctors were still warning people that worms were the cause of their tooth decay as late as the 14th century.
First Toothbrush
Though no one knows exactly when people started brushing their teeth, archeologists believed the practice originated somewhere in the neighborhood of 3,000 BCE. The Babylonians and the Egyptians were the first cultures we know of to fashion rudimentary toothbrushes, which were made mostly from twigs.
The first used bristle toothbrush was created in China sometime during the Tang dynasty, between the 7tg and 10th centuries. It was made from hog bristles which would have been attached to a handle carved from bone or bamboo.
Explorers eventually brought these to the West. And in the 17th century, they began to be adopted in Europe.
New trend
In modern times, the dental ideal is considered to be a bright smile with straight white teeth. People will wear braces, use whiteners, to achieve the look. But most didn’t realise, its a relatively new fashion.
The popularity of look really only goes back to the 20th century and was greatly created by Hollywood movies. The trend, arguably, began their veneers, created by cosmetic dentist named Marcus Pincus in the 1940s. It was spotted by movie stars, like Shirley Temple and Judy Garland, who became famous for perfect smiles.
Judy Garland
While mass market teeth whitening products didn’t became a thing until the 1980s, teeth whitening itself is nothing new.
Our Home Minister Amit Shah mentioned about promoting one nation, one language in one of his tweets in 2019. He also added that it should not be done at the cost of other languages. Some of us might know that 14th September is celebrated as Hindi Diwas in our country. So why can’t we have Hindi as an official language?
Critics
After Amit Shah statement, critics said that if Hindi becomes the official language, then other languages like malayalam, tamil, telugu and more, will lost their importance. South Congress leader Jairam Ramesh also said “this one nation, one language will never be a reality” because it will never be easy to have a common language in India.
Also in the New Education Policy (NEP) draft in the year 2019, Hindi was asked to make mandatory in every state. This was also criticized by the South Indian governments and they refused to dilute the state’s two language formula. This resulted in changing the draft and not to have Hindi as an official language.
Steps taken
India is a big nation, so there should be a language that will represent India on world stage. Talking about Hindi, it is spoken in India, Fiji, Suriname, Mauritius, Trinidad, Tabogo and Guyana. So India is working actively to have Hindi recognised as an official language of the UN.
Advantage of having an official language
A Chinese research concluded that
When we have an official language, it can even help to eliminating poverty. As China have experience in fight poverty so we can also learn the power of having an official language.
China also mentioned that an official language also helps in having communicate without any language barrier.
Official language also help to built unity among the citizens
Also helps when people migrate from one city to another, as they can communicate in the same language.
Disadvantage of having an official language
According to the 2001 Census, 41% of India population are native speaker of Hindi dialect. But what about 59% of the population who are non – Hindi speakers? Politician Shashi Tharur said
India should not even try to add Hindi to the list of official language of UN because what if in future our PM is from South part of India and does not speak Hindi, then how will he give speech in Hindi on behalf of India.
But apart from all these we still agree that there should be an official language for a country to function.
As per as official language is concerned,
English is also been promoted in India. Promoting English can result in heavy school fees, as we’ll have to teach the whole population to speak English.
Enough English teacher will also be required and if not then it won’t be successfully become the official language.
This will also result in neglecting the weaker section of the society who won’t be able to speak English and their career opportunity will get affected.
Eventually we need to figure out to take a right decision about official language and keeping in mind of the consequences that could possibly be in long terms situations.
Writing is a beautiful hobby one can ever have for which there are best writing apps for writers. It is not easy to find perfect words, perfect phrases that will express your feelings properly. And the one who can put his thoughts on paper most creatively and aptly possible can be considered as a good writer. Though we all will agree that paper and pen are the essential parts of a writer’s life, a modern-day writer will surely not ignore all the technological developments around him. Young and enthusiastic writers of the 21st century have started making effective use of modern technology in their passion for writing, and the technical experts are taking into consideration, the demands of writers.
Also, we must remember that writing includes everything – it includes writing a book, a short story, a novel, a project, or even a news article. And time and space constraints may not allow us to write anytime, anywhere, according to our comfort. To overcome this, there are several online applications, the ‘writing apps’ which provide a supporting hand to all those who want to write something according to their will. In this article, we will be talking about some of the best writing app for writers in 2020.
5. Evernote
Evernote is a quite simple, user-friendly application for taking notes. If you not a techno-savvy person, and prefer a simple, best writing app for your use, then Evernote can be a good choice for you. You can use it for making general notes, or to write something of your choice.
Evernote application is one of the best writing apps for windows, a best writing app for android, and for iOS as well. The cool thing about this app is that it provides more features in its free version in comparison with any other free versions – the free version of Evernote allows you to make separate notebooks, eBooks, or even simple notes. It is a comfortable application for simple writings, which makes it a best app for poetry, and other creative writings. It comes with the feature of ‘dictations to transcribe voice into text’, has an easy-sync across devices, and easily integrates with other supporting applications, which makes it easy to work in collaboration with your team.
Evernote is available in both free and paid versions – Paid version will cost you $ 3.99 per month, or $ 2.99 per month with yearly payment.
4. iA Writer
If you are searching for the best writing app for Mac, and also a best writing app for iPad or iPhone, then iA Writer is a distraction-free writing application that will fulfill your need. Its interesting feature is that it only highlights the text that you are working on/typing, and everything apart from that fades away. It is a simple, easy to use app which comes with a dark mode too, and allows us to focus and concentrate on only the content that we are working on.
The creative writers looking for some good application must give a try to iA writer’s free version, which is available for 14 days trial. It is quite an all-inclusive app that supports/functions on Mac, iOS, Windows, and a free trial is also available for android users – great, isn’t it?
iA Writer paid version for Mac will cost you $ 2.99, and the paid version for Windows comes with a much higher rate – $ 19.99.
3. MS Word
Does this one need an introduction? An all-inclusive software application for writers, considered as the best writing apps for windows. We have been using right from our school projects up to office presentations. It can be used by a beginner who has the most basic knowledge about writing apps, and also by a professional writer to write a whole book or novel using it. Every penny that you spend on the paid version of MS Word is worth it, taking into account the numerous features that this writer’s favorite application provides.
MS Word comes with many features that include text to speech input, voice typing, built-in templates for use, keyboard shortcuts, proofreading, word count, linked notes, spelling and grammar check, and much more. It’s suitable for writing for all age groups, and all types of writings, so if you have MS Word, there’s no need to look for an alternative. Though buying a complete set of MS Office may seem a costly matter, but it will be very useful and again, WORTH IT.
2. Reedsy Book Editor
It’s a free writing application which helps in editing and formatting of your book. It provides professional assistance for the writers who wish to write and publish a book, and are looking for proper guidance. It is probably one of the best writing apps for windows.
Reedsy Book Editor is very helpful for typesetting your work without any complex process. It helps in proper organization of detailed writings, thereby making them interesting and flawless. Its sleek interface and easy-to-navigate formatting options are very useful for the modern writers.
Reedsy also allows writers to export their writings in PDF format, or ePublishing. Also, it helps us in looking for the past edited versions of our document, a feature that is not found in most of the other writing apps. It helps in easy formatting of the front and back pages of your book, so it’s like an all-inclusive writing application for professionals. Buying a paid version will come with more such features and assistance, thus one must give it a try.
1. Google Docs
Google is everywhere – applications and services provide by Google are an inseparable part of our lives, so how is it possible that we will proceed without mentioning the Google Docs in the best writing apps?
Google Docs is available on android as well as Windows. It’s a perfect solution to all the queries of a writer looking for a best writing app for android. Google Docs is available for free, and it can be linked with your Gmail account. It comes with some of the amazing features, which are almost similar to those provided by MS Word.
Also, all the changes that we make in the document are saved automatically, so there’s no fear of losing your progress even if you forget to save the changes. Apart from professional writings, we can use it for creative writing as well, thus its definitely a best writing app for poetry, and a best writing app for writers of the modern world.
Google Docs comes with the option of sharing the document in Word, PDF, or link form. Also, as it is connected with your Gmail account, collaborative working and doing team tasks becomes easy. If you still haven’t tried Google Docs, you must go for it.
To conclude, it can be said that whatever a writer does, it has to come from his heart. His work has to be a wholehearted contribution, otherwise, it will not have any impact on the minds of the readers. The year of 2020 has begun with a difficult challenge for us. During this lockdown period, people have started realizing the need of acquiring technological literacy, and we have to start it from ourselves.
The aim of writing this article was to make writers aware of some of the best writing app for writers in 2020 that are available on the web. There creative thinking and writing can go on, through such application, and they should not stop making their contribution to the society.
Bachelor of Arts (B.A) English. It is an undergraduate degree for three years. The course would focus on the main aspects of the language and it will help us develop creative and independent thinking. The course helps us to enhance our communication skills.
Why English Literature?
English Literature introduces us to a world of creativity. You would get a chance to discover poems, novels and plays. You get to read incredible novels as per your prescribed syllabus. You get the knowledge of the history of literature. You will be able to think without confinement. There are no particular reasons but;
If you are drawn to literature.
If you are interested in the language.
If you love reading books.
If you want to make a career based on this course
If you would love to learn about the wide range of cultures.
It will help you broaden your boundary.
The actual answer lies in your perspective and interest.
B.A English Literature Subjects
Literature students will have major, allied and core subjects. The subjects may differ in correspondence to where you are studying. The subjects are as interesting as it sounds. We will get the flavour of distinct eras. The subjects will pull out the self-reliant sense.
History of English Literature.
American Literature.
Victorian Literature.
Feminism.
Women’s Writing.
Linguistics.
Indian writing.
Poetry and
Literary Criticism.
Best College to Study Literature
Loyola College.
Stella Maris College.
Madras Christian College.
Ethiraj College for Women.
Meenakshi College for Women.
Women’s Christian College.
Patrician College of Arts and Science.
When it comes to college, we have a few things to consider. The accommodation, fees structure, reputation of the institution, etc. In that case, I have listed out colleges in Tamil Nadu, Chennai. The chrome will help you sort out colleges in your location.
Job Opportunities After B.A. English Literature.
Content writer.
Educator.
Editor.
Writer.
Journalist.
Public relations.
Blogging.
Creative writing.
Language translator.
Media and advertising, etc…
The career opportunities are impressive and you can be a freelancer too. Although, many prefer to do Masters in Literature. There are alternatives.
Books for Literature Students
The books may vary according to the syllabus prescribed. Classics to add to your never-ending reading list are;
Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen.
Jane Austen’s works.
Shakespeare’s works.
A Tale Of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
Animal Farm by George Orwell.
Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë.
The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, etc.
As literature students, we might have the self-expectation of reading a particular genre. You need not read only classics to be acknowledged as a literature student. Try to savour the stories.
To know the history of English literature, you can refer to;
1. An Outline History of English Literature by William Henry Hudson.
I’m no expert, but I do have few ideas. Book lovers know the pain of having N number of books on their wishlist and not being able to get them all. Well, with side hustles we will be able to squeeze in extra books while buying.
Content Writing.
Freelancing.
Book logging & Bookstagram.
Bootubing (although the channel will take some time to get monetized.)
Copywriting.
Proofreading.
Affiliate Marketing.
Social Media Marketing.
However, the above-stated side hustles won’t make you rich but will be more like pocket money. There are plenty of internships that will pay you with a certificate.
For clear ideas, consult your counsellor, teachers and mentors. Is Literature tough? No, it is neither easy nor difficult. Unlike the olden days, we have technology and the internet facility. Literature is a wonderful way to know history.
“When in doubt, go to the library.”
Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secrets, J.K. Rowling.
Most of the world has been struggling to contain COVID-19. The disease which was first reported in China, has become a global pandemic that many countries are still trying to get under control. But a hand full of nation have not reported a single case of COVID-19 to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Most are in southern and central area of Pacific ocean.
Federated States of Micronesia
The Marshall Islands
Naru
The Solomon Islands
Vanuatu
Tuvalu
Kiribati
Samoa
Niue
Tonga
The Cook Islands
Palau
These small islands are all technically Covid-19 free. Health experts these 12 countries escaped the pandemic because of a combination of remoteness, small number of people as their combined population adds up to just 1.6 million and because they closed borders when the Corona virus that causes Covid-19 began to spread widely. But just because they haven’t reported any Corona virus cases, does not mean these nations have entirely dodged the effect of the pandemic.
Tourism plays a major role in the economics of most of these countries. And as in many around the world, a lack of visitors has left hotels and restaurants struggling. The owner of the hotel says since March 2020 they have lost their whole business and have zero income.
Palau is one of the island nation feeling the economic pain of Covid-19. Streets that are normally bustling with visitors from abroad have been all but empty for months. With no guests, hotel in the country have also had to make serious cuts. A hotel owner says
No one in our hotel is making their full salary. Most people are 50% or below. Everybody is feeling the pain as thers is no economic opportunity left.
The Palau government recognized early on the economic toll of shutting it’s borders to foreigners. He says
Our capacity, our reality a situation here its that you’re better of with prevention than trying to do something about it later on. So, it became a question of economics or people’s lives, and the right thing to do for anybody in this world is to consider people’s lives.
The Government provided generous subsidies of up to US $10,000 for local people and a few hundred dollars for foreign workers affected by the halt in tourism. Not all Pacific countries rely on tourism as a main driver for their economies.
Countries like Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia rely on fishing and farming and financial aid from the US. But with limited health care facilities and population spread across many islands, the nation’s priority has been keeping COVID-19 from their shores and educating citizens about thorough handwashing, social distancing and other precautionary measures.
Other than Island Nations
In addition to these tiny island nations, there are other countries that haven’t reported a single case of COVID-19 to the WHO: North Korea and Turkmenistan.
North Korea closed its borders in January 2020 and it’s leader Kim Jung-un has repeatedly said the disease is a “potential” threat. He even put the town of Kaesong, which borders South Korea, under lockdown in July 2020. But many observers are are sceptical about the country’s official statistics. They say North Korea’s weak healthcare system may not be able to confirm Corona virus infections, or that the ruling party may simply not be very transparent about whether there are any cases.
Health experts are also wary of Turkmenistan’s claim to be COVID-19 free. It is among the hardest countries in the world for foreigners to enter, and it also closes its borders early on in the pandemic. The authorities government in Turkmenistan also says there are no people in the country living with HIV or Aids, a claim most scientists say is just not plausible.
Back in Paula, where people are doing their best to ride out the economic toll of the pandemic, hotel owner have a bleak prediction about the future. They’re predicting how long will they continue to lose money before suspending more operations or total operations and just wait for the whole world to settle down? Because it’s a financial question arises, we’re willing to lose money, but how much money are we willing to lose?
So while border control, good hygiene and social distancing seem to have effectively kept the disease away from these places, there is no defence against the economic devastation caused by the global pandemic.
A friend is the one who knows you as 'you', understand where you have come from, accept what you have become and still gently allows you to grow.
A friend is the only person in the entire world whose company we are entitled to choose and friendship is the only bond which is not predefined or based on birth. Friendship is created with open mind and heart and with pure emotions.
But as the pandemic don’t allow physical gathering and contact between friends, so the mode of friendship have also shifted to online. Friendship on phone is a whole different thing. Now I can be friends with anyone, anywhere in this World, with whom I can connect. Friendship on internet have allowed me to find people across the world who truly understand me and can interact with. Though they are virtual I cannot see them or touch them but I can still feel the bond between us which is so adorable and can feel their love for me.
A friend who is always there with their shoulder to cry on it’s, obvious not possible as they are virtual technically ,but still feels like they are always here to support us, console us, motivate us. I haven’t seen my virtual friends for real but I’ve bond with him even my real life friends can’t match ,because my that only friend is only one call Or message away from me. We share a lot of common traits like introvert nature, sarcastic nature etc. They give me best advice and they show love and affection for me and console me in rough time. But surely The friendship where we can hangout with our friends is special but online or virtual friendship is nothing less in comparison. As now we are separated by physical forces but I am still connected with my friends and I feel like I always have their back and can share my hardship and feeling with them.
But online friendship comes with a price we have to be cautious about who we wanna be friends with if we can trust that person or not. Many people on social media run fake accounts and steal vietens personal information. We have read and witnessed so much about cyber crime. So awareness is necessary. We have to decide how much information and with whom we wanna share with.
Friendship creates so many memorable life experiences for us ofcourse offline friendship is a difficult thing. But we have to deal with every situation in the best possible way. So even if in the hard time l am still connected with the people whom I get love through. Everything more courageously and l feel like the most luckiest person on the earth.
Words have always been impacting the world in one or the other ways, be it in written form or spoken. Literature has shaped the present world from a confined mindset to a mindset which accepts everything easily and fight logically.
Positive impacts
Words have definitely played a great role in bringing the world to a stage of minimal illogical practices prevailing in the ancient world such as Sati Pratha, racism and many more.
Words of wisdoms has educated the world and helped it to reach the technically equipped world. Definitely the credit goes to the people who imagined the impossible and had courage to bring it true.
Words of courage has most us the fundamental rights. Countries like India, South Africa have gained their freedom by the courageous words of their freedom fighters.
Philosophical words have made their way in understanding human emotions and valuing it that now every company has a Human Resources Department and they are able to target their potential clients.
Even words have entertained the world and made their way to everyone’s heart and helped most to get different perspectives on a single matter. Works of the great writers are still remembered even after years and is even relevant in modern world.
Negative impacts
“Once spoken, the words won’t return”
The biggest problems of the words are that once they are said or written, it can’t come back. So, most of the times it eventually hurts the sentiments of the people. The current world being the digital era, trolling becomes the centric problem for the people online. Tolling is nothing but harass words said online to damage the identity of the individual or group of people. Since, the trollers are behind the account, it seems easy for them to generate hate. These hate words can damage the mental peace of an individual, can break through their confidence, can lead them to depression and worst steps can be taken by them.
Words have the greatest power to influence the people and most people use them to take their works from others. Bad influence is a major issued faced by the present-day younger generation as they are mostly online and online is only filled by the influencers. Good influencers exists but bad ones too. Insisted of thinking logically and rational, most of the younger kids blindly follows the words. This needs to be changed in the digital world to let the world grow into the better version.
Thus, words are creating impact on each one of us. So, watch out the words, process it before allowing it to impact your mind. Neglect the harmful words and hit like for the useful words.
Technology has a developed a lot and it has made possible many things that weren’t earlier . everyday we encounter new type of technology that helps us in day to day activity . Earlier we used animals to travel from here and there . Then engines were developed and we started using cars , train and other vehicles to travel . We used to send letters that usually took around 5-7 days to reach . But now we have a e-mail services and so better technology to send letters . Technology has made things easier and faster . There is no doubt that technology has helped us in several ways . Hospitals are filled with new technology equipment that makes possible to detect several diseases that were not possible earlier .
MOBILE
Mobile phone is one of the biggest gift of technology and so a biggest addiction . Nowadays smart phones are able to do what earlier computer’s couldn’t do . But if you see around small kids are holding a phone and use it continuously for several hours . When parents are busy they hand over them their mobile phones and keep them busy . But now when it has become an addiction to their children , they are worried .
WHY IT IS SO ADDICTIVE ?
A mobile phone has everything . You can watch YouTube ,movies , cartoons and several things . Small kids finds it attractive and use it until they get bored , but than again mobile phones have so many options that no one can get bored with it . They keep playing new games and find another interesting game and keep on using it.
IS THERE ANY SOLUTION ?
What parents can do is set example to them by using minimum phone infront of them . So they can learn from them that they should not use mobiles the much . They should give them daily remainders how harmful a mobile phone can be .
Whether we are at home or outside , working or studying we always want someone besides us who is waiting for us . We crave for the presence of someone around us , we want a person in our life to whom we can share anything .Yes we have parents , siblings , friends and many more . But we want someone that we can claim , yes he/she is mine .
We all want love in our life to whom we can share our day to day life , our sadness, happiness and everything .Parents are always there for us , they support us . But sometimes we can’t share something very private to them because they are not of our age. They will not understand us . But they try there best . Same goes with our friends . They are always with us for supporting us and help us in difficult situations .
But again what we crave for is presence of someone that we can rely on completely . Everyone needs love in there life . A partner for life . Many people find there love earlier than others and some people never find them . Some people stay heart broken forever
Don’t always go for handsome ,good figure , rich person to be your love . Find the one who understands you better than anyone . Because that’s the reason you wanted someone in your life . Sometimes we loose ourselves in finding and adjusting for our perfect one . But than they are not meant for us . If we have to change ourselves for someone to accept is than they are not the right one.
Choose the one who chooses you above all . Love yourself and let love give you power to uplift your life . Don’t waste your life on an immature person , to destroy your life completely.
We humans work every day We live our life , we follow the routine. We don’t even realize when we get caught up in this busy life . Isn’t it astonishing . Working days a week makes us mentally and physically .
Stress is a mental problem that is increasing at a high rate in our society . If you see around you will see how people are sad and depressed . For avoiding stress and work load , people often start drinking and smoking without even realizing that it is a more bigger trap.
Music listening is often suggested as a remedy for soothing mind and improving mental health . Music relaxes the mind , energize the body and helps in pain management .
Listening music while working is a very effective way of improving your after result of the work . Playing more upbeat music improves speed and work quality .
Music can improve your memory . Students who listen music while studying has shown better result than others . But some students find it difficult , it also depends on the individual .
The Constitution speaks that no person of the state shall be destitute of the right to life and personal library. The right to life was protected by the law under the fundamental right. No restrictions were on the citizen of the country, everyone has the right to life under the Constitution. The human rights provided people’s good life under the right to life and personal library. If was restricted to enjoy his freedom by some unlawful action of government the he have rights to investigate against the action.
The most important part of the constitution was fundamental rights and in it elaborates exploitation of human rights as written in the other constitution of the world. The provision constitution provided a broad declaration of fundamental rights which is necessary for the full development of personality of individual. The aimed of these fundamental rights is to establish such law to welfare of the citizen. The purpose of establishing the fundamental rights is to protect the rights and liberties of the peoples. Human development is moral basic principles that explain the standard of human and it protect their natural and legal rights.
Article 21 [1]now safeguard the right to life and personal liberty of citizens and not only from managerial action but from the parliamentary action also.
If two conditions compiled then a person can be deprived of his life and personal liberty:-
There must be a law.
There must be a procedure prescribed by law, provided that the procedure is just fair and reasonable.
Article 21[2] held to the heart of the constitution. It’s give a different way of protecting the fundamental right of life. Without the fundamental right to life we cannot live as human being and included all those aspects of life. The rights of life makes the life meaningful, complete, and worth living. The right to life and personal liberty makes the citizens life to live freely without any interference of the government. There are many fundamental rights which was making to the development or to increasing the living standard of citizens. This right was not conflict to the fullest things of humans but with the judicial action.
In the place of the rule of man, a human being has established the rule of law of constitution to protect the right of life and liberty of citizens. The state has been very inception to protect and safeguard of such fundamental rights. These rights was accepted and adopted by the citizen of the state for development of their living life. The right to life and liberty find its place in Article 3[3] of human right that speaks “everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person”.
Under Article 21 of the constitution of India interoperated the right to life and personal liberty of citizens in Maneka Gandhi’s[4] case has explain all the perception of the right to life.
For the development of human personality it is necessary to benefit the right to life and liberty. In the democratic state it id the basic human right. The right to life and personal liberty of citizen is a back-bone of the human rights. Every citizen has a right to live freely and enjoy their freedom as there fundamental right. In the state without the laws and legal rights person cannot enjoy their freedom because in the modern era the humans was not honor each other’s action and interfere in there human rights and violate them.
So to get the solution of this problems man established some certain law which was found in the constitution. The right to life and personal liberty was the most precious fundamental right among all the human rights. The reason for this when the peoples attentive towards their right to life then there life become meaningful.
[1]Protection of life and personal liberty No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
Article Three of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government. Under Article Three, the judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court of the United States, as well as lower courts created by Congress.
Hindus celebrate Janmashtami with the birth of Sri Krishna. The festival usually takes place in August. In addition, Hindus celebrate the festival at the Ashtami of Krishna Paksha. In addition, Lord Krishna is the most powerful person of Lord Vishnu. It is a happy Hindu festival. In addition, Hindus practice various rituals to please King Krishna. This is one of the most exciting festivals for Hindus.
Lord Krishna Lord Krishna was born on the 8th day of the Dark Ages in the month of Badon. Badon is a moon in the Hindu calendar. In addition, he was born about 5,200 years ago. He was an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, who was born with a purpose to defeat the evil.
As a result, he played an important role in the Mahabharata text. Also, Lord Krishna preached with good karma and the teachings of Bhakti.
Lord Krishna was born in prison. He was on the ropes when Kansa. But his father Vasudev gave it to his friend Nand to save him. Because he knew that Cancer had a bad heart. Moreover after the rescue the upbringing of Sri Krishna belonged to the Gokul family. Sri Krishna later became powerful. As a result, he managed to kill Kansa.
As a child I used to watch many shows of Sri Krishna. As a result, I know a lot about him. He was very fond of eating Makhan. As a result, he often stole from his mother’s kitchen. So his name was ‘Natkahat Nand Lal’. Sri Krishna was black. So she was always worried about her color. In addition, Sri Krishna had a friend named Radha. Radha was very important to Krishna. So he spent time with her. Radha was very good and unjust so King Krishna always felt difficult with color.
How is Janmashtami celebrated? People celebrated Janmashtami at midnight. Because Lord Krishna was born in darkness. As Sri Krishna loved to eat the people of Makhan played this game.
According to the game, they tied a clay pot (matki). The match judge tied the mattress very high from the ground. In addition, one fills Makhan into cans. Also, what people do is build a human pyramid to break the matki. Since the matki is very high they have to build a tall pyramid. As a result, more people should participate in sports. In addition, there are other groups and they prevent them from breaking the matki. Equal opportunities exist for both parties. Each team gets a chance for some time. If a team can’t do it while the other team is trying. This is an exciting game that many people gather to watch this game.
In addition, the celebration is done in homes. People decorate their houses outside with lamps. Moreover, the temples are full of people. They perform various rituals inside the temple. As a result, we hear the sound of bells and mantras throughout the day.
In addition, people dance in a variety of religious songs. In the end, it is one of the most exciting festivals in the Hindu religion.
The hope to open anxiety & depression is a collection of heartfelt honestly by a people
In past few year articles anxiety depression and a host of other mental health condition have taken the internet by storm things that’s decades age many people were afraid to talk about they fear doing so might make them appear weak or flawed or troubled but not a wave of openess and honestly has led to more and more people to talk about there mental health and the issues they might be facing
You might be woundering but what exactly is mental health you have heard of things like anxiety and depression and you are some what familiar with negative effects stress can have on the body but you don’t know about the nuances of these things and why caring for our mental health such a crucial part of living happy healthy and well rounded life.
The period c.200 bce-300bce was historically significant from several points of views. Craftspersons produces larger quantities and more varied goods than before, trade within the subcontinent and between its region and other lands flourished, and money was increasingly used as a medium of exchange. The sources for the history of these centuries are many and diverse. The Jatakas contain many stories of ordinary people,traders and travellers.
Archaeology continues to offer information on settlements patterns, specialized crafts and trade. In North India,the evidence from late NBPW and post NBPW levels reveals a significant expansion of urban centres.
These centuries are often labelled as ‘ shunga-kushana’. This period is also labelled as dark period. The emergence of urban centres, crafts production , trade and coins of different metals could be seen.
For the study of this period, several texts are available of these the most important ones are the Jatakas tales, purans, bharaneskastra as well as texts like kalida’s ‘malvika’, agninitrane, harshacharita etc. The Graeco-Roman texts written by Arian , Starbo & Pliny are also considered important. Apart from this several kinds of inscription and archaeological sources are also important.
Urban proliferation
One of the most conspicuous development that were registered during this period was the emergence of urban centres in the Deccan and south India. During this period, the second urbanisation registered it’s peak phase. The process of urban formation began in the Ganga valley in seventh-sixth century BC , the most mature and prosperous phase of the second urbanisation in Indian history was during the period from 200 bc to 300 ad.
In North Western India, several urban centres like pushkalavati, taxila, sagala, purushkpur were the prominent urban centres.
In the Indo-Gangetic divide and the upper Ganga valley the important urban centres that grew further were AHICHCHHATRA,SANGOL, HASTINAPUR,RAJGIR & others. In the areas of mid-ganga valley. One of the most important urban centres was Mathura. The other important cities of the mid-gangetic plains like shravasti,kaishamti,Varanasi and patliputra not only continued but seemed to have attained their most phase during this period. The important urban centres of the Ganga delta and the northern part of Bengal and Orissa were Mahasthangart,Bangarh, Chandraketugarh,Taruralipta, shizhupalgarh,Javgada etc. Aloka parashaar has pointed out that the impact of the mauryan rule & the indo-roman trade on the urbanisation in the Deccan have been overemphasized & that insufficient attention has been paid to the internal process of the cultural changes. The two important sites that have been excavated in the Maharashtra are Bhokardan and Adane. The site of Bhokardan has given evidence of two periods of occupation 1. Associated with pre-satvahana phase 2. With the late satvahana phase one of the most important site in the south is Nagarjunkonda. The combined testimony of the sangana texts and the archaeological material point to the emergence of cities in the far south also. R.Chanepak Lakshmi has brought to light the Kaveripattna particular prominence of . An important urban centre of the pandya kingdom was Madhurai.
The area of Deccan & far south has been turned as secondary urbanisation by B.D chattopadhya and other historians. The primary urban centres were the centres located in the Ganga valley and the close interaction with which resulted in the emergence of urban centres in the Deccan and far south.
Agriculture
The significant changes are noticeable in the economic situation of this period the there were indeed elements of continuities. The most important facet of the continuity in material life was ongoing dependence on agriculture as the mainstay of economic life. The spread of sedentary agriculture for the first time to Peninsular India. The place name Dhanyakataka, a famous Buddhist centre in the Eastern Deccan, literally means rice-bowl, is an indication of the general spread of the fully sedentary agrarian society in the Deccan. Of the variety of crops, paddy was of course the most important and the sali continued to be the rice excellence. The Milindapanho shows an awareness of the difference between the sali(for royal dietary practice) and the coarse Kumudbhandiki rice (consumbed by slaves). The production of sugarcane figures in pliny’s account, which also speals highly of the Indian cotton.
Agriculture became so common placed that stages of agricultural operations right from removing weeds from the field to the final harvesting and winnowing of crops.
Agricultural tools- mostly of iron- like the ploughshare, axes ,adzes,spade and sickle from taxila and sanchi found from archaeological findings.
Taxila has yielded several such instances of the excavations of tanks and Wells in the early centuries of the Christian era.The spread of agriculture and the diversity of crops were also associated with the growing complexities in the agrarian economy.
Trade
The period c.300bce-300ce saw a significant expansion of trade activity, both within the subcontinent and between the subcontinent and the other lands. The petty or ordinary merchants was known as vanik and vaidehaka, the leader of the caravan merchants himself was called the sarthavaha. The Tamil sangam literature knew the salt-dealer as uppu-vanikam, dealing obviously in an essential and bulk commody.
According to the same source, the merchant in gold was distinguished from the others as ponivanikam, he evidently traded in a luxury and prestige commody. A lohavanija, who dealt in iron/iron tools – once again,an essential commodity- figures as a donor in Mathura inscription. The most eminent among merchants was certainly the settings who enjoyed great prominence in Buddhist and jaina sources.
Conclusion:-
The post-Mauryan economy was based on the growth of agriculture, internal and long distance trade and on crafts and arts.
The most important development of the period was the flourishing trade between India and the Western world.
Improved internal communication system under the Mauryas was responsible for the growth of trade and commerce in the post-Mauryan phase.
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, alternatively spelt as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee (15th Sept. 1876 – 16th Jan. 1938) was a Bengali novelist and short story writer of the early 20th century. Most of his works deals with the lifestyle, tragedy and struggle of the village people and the contemporary social practices that prevailed in Bengal.
A long story (badadidi) was published in two installments in his own name in Bharati(1907). He was the first novelist in India to live in some comfort on the returns of his output. Some of his stories are very striking for their obvious sincerity and basic realism. These include Bindur Chele, Ramer Sumati, Arakshaniya etc. Sarat Chandra’s earliest writings show striking influence of Bakin Chandra Chatterjee. He is certainly critical of his own ideas but never flouts the accepted moral basis of the Hindu society of anytime.
STORY OF THE NOVEL
“Datta” is one of the most popular novel by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay. It is a romantic novel set in Victorian Bengal with a backdrop of Bengali society fragmented into Hindu and Brahmo (Brahma Samaj).
The story begins with the description of three friends – Jagdish, Banamali and Rashbehari who used to study in a same school which is situated near Hugali. The economic condition of Jagdish was worse than Banamali and Rashbehari. They used to go to the school together and had promised several things to each other like – to not to marry in future, wanted to become lawyers and promised to live together in future. But with each passing days, the situation had changed and these three took a decision to marry. The condition of Jagdish was worse but Banamali and Rashbehari had all luxuries of life.
They even didn’t talk to each other regularly. Once Jagdish wrote a letter to Banamali and asked if he will have daughter in future then Jagdish would love to do a marriage of his daughter to his son. But Jagdish passed away and Banamali was at the stage of death, so that time he confessed his daughter Bijoya about the promises he made to his friend Jagdish that he wanted Bijoya to marry Jagdish’s son Naren. Banamali told everything about Naren to her daughter that he was a doctor, received every good quality from his mother but the thing was that Banamali himself didn’t see him.
At that time Bijoya had very radical view towards Naren and she was totally against to forgive the debt of his father. After the death of Banamali, Bijoya went to Krishnapur (Bengal) related to some Zamindari work and wanted to seize the land of Naren’s father and to built a temple for Brahmo Samaj in that place. Rashbehari and his son Bilaas used to handle all her Zamindari work. And her marriage was also being fixed with Rashbehari’s son Bilaas.
But when the days has passed, Bijoya came in contact with Naren, she started showing her interest in him and at once she realised that she fell in love with Naren. After all in spite of so many ups and downs Bijoya a Brahmo girl get married to a Hindu boy Naren in Hindu tradition.
‘Early medieval’ when used as an historical phase and marked off from others historical faces such as ‘Ancient’,’ ‘Medieval’ and ‘Modern’ may not be of very recent usuage in Indian historiography.
According to B.D. Chattopadhyay, N.R. Ray urged almost three decades ago that the practice of using chronological terms in descriptive sense needed to be replaced. Discussions around the appropriateness or otherwise of chronological labels are now expected to relate to the theme of periodization. The problem therefore now involves- given the obvious elements of continuity in Indian history the selection of of variable which would purport to separate one historical phase from another.
According to R.S. Sharma, Several scholars have questioned the use of the term feudalism to characterize the early medival socio-economic formation in India. But Harbans Mukhia suggested that, unlike capitalism, feudalism us not a universal phenomenon.The diffusion of the feudal system happened in some cases. Ex. Normal feudalism in England was a result of the Norman conquest.
According to D.N.Jha, the myth of millenary stagnation of early Indian society has been ably exploded by D.D.Kosambi and R.S.Sharma who marks definite stages in the development of its social polity till the beginning of the feaudalism from about the middle of the first millennium.
By accepting the idea of the medieval or more specifically early medieval we subscribe to one way of looking at the course of Indian history.
B.N.Datta was the first Indian Marxist historian to refer clearly to the growth of feudalism in early India.
Systemic studies of the archeological material, likewise have proved the existence of many towns and several phase of urbanisation have been postulated in different parts of the country.
As early as 1950 Kosambi against the mechanical application of Marx’s scheme of periodization to the history of India and assert that Marxism is a tool of analysis and not substitute for thinking.
By accepting the idea of the medieval or more specifically early medieval – as a phase in the transition to medieval we subscribe to one way of looking at the course of Indian history.
For the present discussion,three points need to be noted, First the nature of change which is the critical subject of debate. Second,it involves providing a construct of early medieval. Third,it involves the methodological problem of causation,for if we use a term ‘early medieval’ to suggest a time span as well as historical phase.
To put it in terms persistently used,the route to medievalism, in what currently the dominant school of ancient Indian Historiography,was through Indian feudalism.
One type of statement on the transition by Niharranjan Ray, attempts a multi-dimensional characterization of medievalism. He locates the beginning of the process in the seventh century and says it became more pronounced from the eight century,he envisages three sub-periods within the medieval (i) seventh to twelfth century,(ii) twelfth to the first quarter of the sixteenth century,and (iii) first quarter of the sixteenth to the close of the eighteenth century.
D.D.Kosambi’s idea of the dual processes operating towards the emergence of the Indian feudalism. He characterized it by a two-stage development,namely feudalism from above and feudalism from below.
Segmentary State and the period of social crisis :-
Aidan southhall formulated the segmentary state model for his study of the Alur in highland East Africa in 1956 for the same reason that Burton Stein adapted his formulation for cholas of South India almost two decades later. Older historical views insisted on seeing polities of the time as centralized and to a degree bureaucratized, lurking behind much of the writing of that time was a very modern,unitary state form. At the time that Burton Stein adopted the segmentary formulation. He was insufficiently alert to a major discordant theoretical element which still remain a part of southhall’s formulation. This is the relationship between what he was calling political segmentation and something called segmentary society. The segmentary state refers to a political order which is distinguished from others. In positive terms,the segmentary state is a political order in which:-
There are numerous centres
Political, power and sovereignty are differentiated in such a way as to permit appropriate power to be wielded by making,but full royal.
All of the numerous centres or domains have autonomous administrative capabilities and coercive means.
There is a state in the recognition by lesser political centres,often through ritual forms,of a single ritual centre.
Three types of localities which he designated as ‘central’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘peripheral’ zones of segmentary political system of chola times.Such critics offer no research hypothesis, no Historiographical formulations to be examined seriously and confronted with evidence. First among these strong criticisms of the segmentary state formulation those from S.J.Tambiah and Herman kulke with both of whom Burton Stein have had rewarding and challenging discussion over the years. Like Tambiah who gives major importance to forms of ritual incorporation,kulke has considered my formulation,but in the end rejected it for its lack of fit with the specific polity he was examining that of medieval orissa.
In the early seventies B.D.Chattopadhyaya,on the basis of epigraphic material alone,argued that Prthidaka(Pehoa),Tattānandapura(Ahar),
siyadoni(near jhansi) flourished as urban centres with extensive market networks during the extensive market networks during the early medieval period.
Ancient Indian thinkers themselves held a changing view of their society and its values. This is demonstrated by their speculation regarding the creation of the world and the creation of kingship which had to be set up in order to protect family and property. Although in post- Vedic times Dharma based on the varna division was the ideal to be achieved. According to a words occurring in the sants parva,dharma becomes adharma in response to the needs of tim and place. The Puranas and the Smrtis point out that the perfect thermic consists of four feet and is found only in in the Krta age. The Krta age was an age of perfect happiness to the state of nature depicted by Rousseau. R.C. Hazra Believes that the earliest such description to the third century AD, the second set of descriptions to the eight century. In the Kali age we noticed two types of contractions:- the one between the brahmanas and ksatriyas on the one hand and the vaisyas on the other between the brahmanas and the sudras. The Kali age is marked by insecurity and widespread lawlessness. The reason for the levy of oppressive taxes by the kingship the third and in the beginning of the 4th century AD. The practice of employing slaves in agriculture production practically stopped in Gupta times. The Kali crisis of the late third and fourth centuries appears at a prelude to the feudalization of Indian society.
The point that B.D.Chattopadhyay have tried to make is that the historiography on the transition to what is considered the feudal phase has been ever shifting and essential dependent on the directions of European historiography.
The argument that B.D.Chattopadhya have been trying to develop starting with a statement on historiography can now be rounded off two points,need to be underlined-
First, all the an overview of Indian society of say the period between the sixth-seventh and twelfth-thirteenth centuries would show it to be vartly different from Indian society of the early historical period.
Regional elements begin to take shape through local assimilation as well as through the adoption of Trans regional idioms.
the opinion of K.R.Van Kooji too,when he refers to the division or rather multiple manifestations, of the one goddess as five separate goddesses:-
kamakhya, mohatsaha,tripura, kamesvari and sarada.The present collection of articles lays stress on those aspects of early India feudalism which have continue to generate controversy among scholars.
Have you ever seen a person who is totally broken from inside? Did you ever try to talk to them? Did you ever try to solve their problem?
The person who is sad smiles a lot. The person who is broken, they never ever think of hurting others. We take so much pressure of everything, either it’s a matter of studies or future. In this world, where everyone is working on their future, they don’t have enough time to talk to others or to know their pains and problems.
Sometimes even our family members are unable to understand our pain so we have to share it to the person who is so close to us. But what happens after sharing your problems is, they spread it like a forest fire. It is a most disgusting thing, when a trustable personal share your things to everyone out there. It literally hurts like hell, and that time we realize that we shouldn’t trust anyone except ourselves. That time we got to know that- Nobody do care, it’s only a matter of their needs that’s all. That time we feel how much everyone breaks us, how they took advantage of us, how they take us for granted.
Now, it’s a high time to realize our importance because if you are not important for yourself then nobody is gonna care.
Sorry is the most valuable word and it means a lot when someone says – I’m so sorry. Sorry is a kind of a weapon by which we can even hide our mistakes.
We shouldn’t use this word everytime because due to this, sorry losses it’s value. Saying “sorry” but not meaning it or not intending to improve our actions will cause a lack of trust to develop. Saying “I’m sorry” and admitting that we did something wrong is the first step to self-improvement. Being unable to apologize is a recipe for a brittle marriage. Saying “I’m sorry” gives a marriage the resiliency to weather both partners’ mistakes. Social psychologists know that an apology leads to forgiveness, can recover a spoiled relationship, and may heal indignity. Saying “sorry” denotes that you have chosen your relationship over your your ego. Yet so many of us can’t find can’t find the strength within us to admit our fault.
• When you say that you are sorry, it restores the dignity of the hurt person and makes them feel better. The offended party, who receives the apology, develops empathy towards the offender, which then transforms their feeling of hurt into forgiveness.
• An apology may restore trust and understanding to a relationship, because it contributes to a feeling of safety and makes both the receiver and the giver feel comfortable and respected. Apologizing therefore helps you and your loved one stay emotionally connected, and strengthen the bond between you two.
• When you make a sincere apology, and this trust and understanding gets restored, a person can start to see you in a different light. They will have a greater tendency to overlook your flaws and highlight your virtues.
Everyone want new phone, car, clothes etc.. but don’t you have any memories with old one?Were you not attached to that one? Is it easy for you to move on?
I know you are thinking that it’s not a big deal to buy new phone, car, clothes etc.. but the thing is that we are applying this in our life as well.
When we get bored of someone, we try to replace them. Right?? I know the answer is yes. Think about the situation of those who truly loves you but you don’t even pay attention to them. Is it right to ignore the one who love us? Absolutely Not. We cannot understand the heartbreak, when we do this to someone but can definitely understand this when someone does this to us. We cannot realize the importance of that person when they are with us but once she/he is gone, that time we realize the importance of that person.
Making new relations is not bad, but to replace older one is pretty wrong. The one who is with us since childhood and suddenly becomes unknown because we try to replace them and yes, they lost their faith in us.
So the older relations are very important for us. Keep it as much as you can.
According to Mental News Today, Mental health refers to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being. It is all about how people think, feel, and behave. People sometimes use the term “mental health” to mean the absence of a mental disorder.
Mental health can effect our daily lifestyle, physical health and relationships. Looking after mental health can preserve a person’s ability to enjoy life. Doing this involves reaching a balance between life activities, responsibilities, and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.
Conditions such as stress, depression, and anxiety can all affect mental health and disrupt a person’s routine.
Although the term mental health is in common use, many conditions that doctors recognize as psychological disorders have physical roots.
• What is Mental Health?
According to WHO, “Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.”
• Risk factors for Mental Health:-
1. Social and financial circumstances, biological factors, and lifestyle choices can all shape a person’s mental health. 2. A large proportion of people with a mental health disorder have more than one condition at a time. 3. It is important to note that good mental health depends on a delicate balance of factors and that several elements of life and the world at large can work together to contribute to disorders.
Depression is a kind of a mental health disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities. Possible causes include a combination of biological, psychological and social sources of distress. Increasingly, research suggests that these factors may cause changes in brain function, including altered activity of certain neural circuits in the brain
What is Depression? According to American Psychiatric Association, Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease your ability to function at work and at home.
Depression symptoms can vary from mild to severe and can include:
• Feeling sad or having a depressed mood
• Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
• Changes in appetite — weight loss or gain unrelated to dieting
• Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
• Loss of energy or increased fatigue
• Increase in purposeless physical activity (e.g., inability to sit still, pacing, handwringing) or slowed movements or speech (these actions must be severe enough to be observable by others)
• Feeling worthless or guilty
• Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
• Thoughts of death or suicide
How to overcome from depression?
• Find small ways to be of service to others.
• Find workable goals that give you a sense of accomplishment.
• Pleasant Events: Schedule pleasant activities or events.
• Engagement: Stay in the present.
• Exercise: And, eat right too.
• Relationships: Focus on people who lift you up.
• Sleep Regularly: Try to keep a regular sleep schedule.
In this world, we should never ever expect something from others because if they will not be able to fulfill, then it literally hurts like hell. I’m talking about this topic because it’s really really important for us to know, don’t be dependent on anyone either they are important or not.
What is expectations? Let me answer to this question, expectation is something that we want others to do, what we think of. Sometimes expectations looks like dominance that you are dominating & forcing someone to do what you want. So the simple thing is – “Don’t expect anything from anyone”.
Why we expect from others? Okay, so the answer can be because we are so close to them that’s why we have expectations from them. But the thing is that, to expect someone is not wrong but over expectations and to be sad or upset when they are not gonna live on our expectations is pretty wrong.
Is expectations right or wrong? See, I feel expectations from others is really not wrong because what I think is , it connects people much better than before, sometimes we feel happy while fulfilling the expectation of that person. But it really hurts when we have a lot expectations from others and they don’t even give a damm. So according to me, we should never ever expect something from anyone, just expect from you. You are enough for yourself.
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting(sawm), prayer, reflection and community. A commemoration of Muhammad’s first revelation,the annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the crescent moon to the next.
Fasting from dawn to sunset is fard (obligatory) for all adult Muslims who are not acutely or chronically ill, travelling, elderly, breastfeeding, diabetic, or menstruating.The predawn meal is referred to as suhur, and the nightly feast that breaks the fast is called iftar.
Although fatwas have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a midnight sun or polar night should follow the timetable of Mecca,it is common practice to follow the timetable of the closest country in which night can be distinguished from day.
The spiritual rewards (thawab) of fasting are believed to be multiplied during Ramadan. Muslims refrain not only from food and drink, but also tobacco products, sexual relations, and sinful behavior,devoting themselves instead to salat (prayer) and recitation of the Quran.
History
Muslims hold that all scripture was revealed during Ramadan, the scrolls of Abraham, Torah, Psalms, Gospel, and Quran having been handed down on the first, sixth, twelfth, thirteenth (in some sources, eighteenth) and twenty-fourth Ramadans, respectively. Muhammed is said to have received his first quranic revelation on Laylat al-Qadr, one of five odd-numbered nights that fall during the last ten days of Ramadan.
Although Muslims were first commanded to fast in the second year of Hijra (624 CE) they believe that the practice of fasting is not in fact an innovation of monotheism but rather has always been necessary for believers to attain taqwa (the fear of God).They point to the fact that the pre-Islamic pagans of Mecca fasted on the tenth day of Muharram to expiate sin and avoid drought. Philip Jenkins argues that the observance of Ramadan fasting grew out of “the strict Lenten discipline of the Syrian Churches,” a postulation corroborated by other scholars, including theologian Paul-Gordon Chandler,but disputed by some Muslim academics.
Plasma is the clear, straw-colored liquid portion of blood that remains after red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and other cellular components are removed. It is the single largest component of human blood, comprising about 55 percent, and contains water, salts, enzymes, antibodies and other proteins.
• Composed of 90% water, plasma is a transporting medium for cells and a variety of substances vital to the human body.
• Plasma carries out a variety of functions in the body, including clotting blood, fighting diseases and other critical functions.
• Source plasma is plasma that is collected from healthy, voluntary donors through a process called plasmapheresis and is used exclusively for further manufacturing into final therapies (fractionation). Source plasma donors may be compensated for their time and effort.
• Recovered plasma is collected through whole blood donation in which plasma is separated from its cellular components. Recovered plasma may be used for fractionation.
Importance of Donation
• The plasma protein therapeutics industry supports volunteerism donation in all of its forms. Source plasma donation and blood donation are critically important activities that contribute to saving lives.
• Source plasma and recovered plasma are used to produce therapies that treat people with rare, chronic diseases and disorders such as primary immunodeficiency, hemophilia and a genetic lung disease, as well as in the treatment of trauma, burns and shock.
• Plasma donation requires a commitment both in the amount of time for each donation and frequency of donation.
• Typically it takes between one and three hours to donate source plasma, and plasma can be donated twice within a seven day period.
Without faith, you are as a crow who has forgotten his ability to fly; you peck at the dark, muddy earth when the bright mountains lie before you.
– Seth Adam Smith
We are born to fly, don’t forget your ability and qualities. You are strong enough to change the world. You can fight your battle alone and defy everyone. If you’re gonna think yourself weak, then you will be weak but if you’re gonna think yourself strong, you will definitely be strong, it’s just a matter of thinking.
If you are not gonna trust yourself, nobody will ever trust you. Yes, you are born to fly high in the sky. Have you listed the song “Toota Toota Ek Parinda”, it motivates me to try hard to achieve my goals because always remember one thing – if you are gonna try, then you will be broken, you will learn, you will accept your failure but if you are gonna try, then you will never be able to change you and your destiny.
We watch motivated videos but don’t you think we should watch failure one rather that? Failure one teaches us about those mistakes what we shouldn’t do. So everyone is “BORN TO FLY” in their own field and has their own capabilities and abilities.
You will understand and that would have ruined many beautiful stories”
– Sabina Yesmin
Sometimes someone leave us without any prior information and that time we get to know their importance in our life. It happens when we take things for granted because yes, we assume that person will never leave us but when they leave, we suddenly realize their importance. Isn’t it so selfish to take people for granted?
I’m not only talking about myself but also emoting your feelings too. It happens to me too that few things left unsaid, those people who plays a significant role in our life leave us for no reason even after not taking them for granted. You can better understand the situation when these things happen. Some people who are not able to overcome from it, will automatically get depressed and live their life with their memories because they are unable to accept the truth.
I can understand the situation when a person ignore you in Present days who have already said that you were important for them in past. It really hurts to see hatered feeling on their face who used to care us a lot. But we should overcome from it and it’s not much hard, just try to focus on your self-respect that’s all.
It’s Mother’s day right? Have you wished your mother? Is it just for one day or everyday?
I simply don’t believe on these days because for me my mother deserves this love and respect each single day. It’s not like, that I never shouted at her. Yes I have done it but I too made her understand that it was just a reaction what I did. I don’t like to put status of her and wish – ‘Happy Mother’s Day, I really love you’ etc. There is a simple reason of it, my mother doesn’t use smart phone and I feel those who puts status almost 50% of their mother’s doesn’t even know about it because same reason smart phone and I feel those who put status almost 50% of their mother’s doesn’t even know about it because same reason smart phone. They just try to show off for sure because love doesn’t need any special day.
Title – The One You Cannot Have Language – English Author – Preeti Shenoy Publisher – Tranquebar Press Genre – Fiction
No matter how you try, no matter how much you want to love somebody else, no matter how much you convince yourself that you have moved on, deep down you know the truth. If you are deliriously happy when you think about someone and a smile creeps up on you even when you in the worst of the mood, even if a mere thought of that person has a power to send a jolt of energy through your weary body, then it is nothing but love. You can squish it, pretend that it doesn’t exist, ignore it, try to make it go away, but it never entirely does. It’s always finds a way back.
The story is a heartening tale of how past relationships, when broken without a proper closure, can come back to haunt the present.This is the story of Aman Mathur a young, good-looking man, successful in his career and after a brief stint in UK for 2 years; he’s all set to return to India. But an accidental relapse into his old memories sends him tumbling back to his past, to the wonderful 4 years of his life that he spent with Shruti, his heart throb. Shruti is the girl with whom he spent some wonderful moments, yet he could not have her. Without her, Aman had never envisaged his future.
But it was Shruti who had walked out of his life, leaving him shattered and heart-broken and just when he thought that he had moved on, the ghosts of his past return to haunt him.
Shruti, now married to Rishabh, is content and settled in her role of a married woman. But a day doesn’t pass in her life without the memories of her perfect relationship with Aman prowling her banal and mundane day-to-day life.
Anjali is an exuberant and vivacious girl, working as a columnist in women’s magazine and she’s charmed by Aman’s kind and intelligent demeanour. But she is also confused by his conflicting attitude when he doesn’t return her messages after their few wonderful dates. Aman on the other hand is guilty, because he enjoys Anjali’s company but he is not sure if he’s ready to plunge into a relationship when his heart still pines for ‘the one he cannot have.’
Will Aman finally get back with Shruti or will he rest the ghosts of his past relationship and move ahead by accepting Anjali’s love and warmth in his life? He was attracting towards Anjali because of the positive vibes what he used to get from her and the important thing of his inclination towards her was that she knew each and every feeling what Aman felt for Shruti inspite of this she loved him and wanted to be a part of his life. A day came when Aman too realized that he loved Anjali and wanted to confess too but suddenly his past came in from of him. Yes, it’s Shruti who fought with her husband Rishab and came to Aman and wanted to spend rest of life with him. But a magic happened at that time when Aman couldn’t even able to hug her because he was thinking about Anjali. He said to Shruti that she should go to her husband and try to solve the problem and he also said to her that “YOU ARE THE PERSON THAT I CANNOT HAVE”. The story ended with the marriage of Aman & Anjali and the reunion of Shruti & Rishab.
Are we getting right education or we are just mugging up things for exams? Because as far as I see, we are just mugging up for exams. Do you really feel that it will be helpful for us in our future life? Do you really feel that you can keep you report card all the time with you where you got 9 CGPA? I think the answer should be NO, because it’s just a matter of our critical thinking and knowledge for sure irrespective of the marks what we got in our exams. Now a days I have seen a lot of kids does only learn the questions and answers section of the particular chapter, even I used to do the same when I was too young. Everyone talks only about exams and all but they never ask – do you really learn anything from this? Because each and every student including their parents wants their children to be a topper. Do you really feel is it possible for every children to be a topper? I think NOT AT ALL. What I have learnt in my life is don’t do that thing if you don’t wanna do that. Don’t compare yourself to anyone. Try to understand the meaning of each single word you are reading, because of this habit you will forget to mug up and learn new things each single day. Marks doesn’t matter, so don’t compare your talent to your marks because marks has given only on the basis of the answers you have answered, it’s really not a test of your whole talent. But yes, it’s doesn’t mean that marks are not important. See we need marks for choosing any stream in 11th class then we need to get very good marks in our 12th boards as well for taking admission in the college after that if you wanna pursue Masters, you will need good marks in your graduation too. It’s also true that average marks it not enough, for taking admission we need high marks. So yes marks are very very important, but focus on your critical thinking and learning process as well.
During this pandemic online learning is becoming more and more popular which provide us an opportunity to dream different skills from home.
Online Education – Online Education is a very flexible learning system that allows students to study solely via the internet on their own computer at home, or whatever they see fit. Basically, student – teacher face to face meetings are not required, allowing students to study anywhere in the world.
Offline Education – Also referred to as traditional training. Offline Education means a student needs to go in a classroom, and attend a class face to face with a teacher.
Difference between Online & Offline Study
• With offline learning, participants are required to travel to the training location, typically a lecture hall, college or classroom. With online learning, on the other hand, the training can be conduct from practically anywhere in the world.
• Online learning usually has a more flexible timescale carried out between office hours and doesn’t offer as much flexibility to the learner or the trainer.
Although online learning has become the preferred method for the majority of learners, it’s important not to dismiss the benefits of offline training too.
With offline learning, it’s easier to ensure attendees are paying attention to the training. Some learners also find it easier to retain the knowledge and skills they have learnt through offline training than they do with online training.
Sometimes for no reason we started feeling irritated and do a bad conversation with a person in front of us. It is simply called toxicity when we feel very toxic in a relation, it can be friendship or anything else. You know what, toxic things can convert our smiles into upset face.
When we feel toxicity?
We feel when we are not happy in our life, we are not happy in our life, we are not happy from what we are getting and when someone gives negative vibes.
Here is a simple solution to overcome from toxicity is that try to make yourself happy, spread happiness, be with them who gives you positive vibes, have a conversation with yourself at least once in a day, stay away from those who gives you negative vibes.
Almost everybody suggests us to be practical. Do you ever think why they do so ? and why to be practical? Let me answer of this one because whenever we talk about the things which is not in real but we are assuming it, for ex. – ‘I wish I would be an IAS officer’, so the person who listen will definitely interrupt and say – ‘oh common, be practical’. In simple, we are assuming which is not real but still we are assuming which is called imaginary world. The answer of the second one is that, because we shouldn’t only imagine things but also work hard to make it real. If you keep imagining things without implementation then trust me you are wasting your energy. So that’s why we need to be practical.
“If you can dream it, You can do it. Don’t just dream about it, Work hard to make it happen too.”
A practical world is so different from imaginery one. No doubt, practical people imagine things but they try to make it real too and if it will be impossible then they do back step. So dreaming and imagining is good but to be in your world and ignore the real one is not good.
“It is better to remain silent at the risk of being thought a fool, than to talk and remove all doubt of it.” ….
Sometimes it’s better to be quite and alone with yourself despite being frustrated with someone. In every phase of life, we have to suffer from different kinds of situation. These situation makes us stronger and mature day by day. At some stage of life we have to face that types of people, where often we lose our patience level too but you need to understand that sometimes you should be quite inspite of questioning and answering them. An important thing which I noticed about matured person is that a mature one would never speak between them who think themselves right, that only they know everything and who are egoistic. Maturity comes from the hardest situation what we have faced in our lives. Situation teaches us the difference between to be happy alone or to be sad with someone. It’s your life, your decision, you can choose what makes you happy irrespective of everything.
“A meaningful SILENCE is always better than a meaningless WORDS“
It’s a rule of our so – called society that a man always dominate a woman. As we know that we are living in a patriarchal society where a woman always need to do what her husband/father ask her to do. If we talk about ancient time so there were Purdah system, Sati system, Child marriage, which always tried to question the existence of a woman. When I was a child, I used to observe the inequality in our society and then used to think that – ‘ I wish, I could be a boy’. The situation of a woman even get worse after her marriage because some man treats his wife like a thing. But being a girl we should never allow anyone to force us because offcourse we are not a thing. We should be proud to be a girl because it’s so hard to be a girl. Nobody can’t bear that much pain what we do everyday, Nobody can work very hard for one’s identity what we are doing. So proud to be a girl.
Yes, I proud to be a girl, A girl who suffered a lot, A girl with full attitude, A girl who is judged by thr society, After wearing shorts & skirts Have to face their bloody staring attitude.
Yes, I proud to be a girl, Whose role is very important for everyone, Yeah, we have to face inequality, But trust me you are nothing without a woman in the society 🙂
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