Dealing with anxiety while working from home!

Telecommuting accompanies a ton of interruptions. There may even be a distinction from work since you don’t see your group consistently and surprisingly working in segregation. This may hamper your emotional well-being just as your general efficiency.
Right now, it is somewhat hard to decide when will the circumstance be typical once more, when will all the hustle-clamor start. Till all is good and well, we as a whole need to take a gander at the more brilliant side of life of working inside the got dividers of our home and with our families’ sponsorship and supporting us.
Making a daily practice and adhering to it can assist with diminishing some pressure that accompanies telecommuting. Work from home should not be tied in with escaping the bed, going directly to the PC to begin the workday, yet rather keeping a design and putting together those work hours to have the effect.
Make an assigned workspace for your office work to genuinely and intellectually separate work from home life. It very well may be any space, appropriate room, a corner in the overhang, or perhaps a region in your lounge; it simply must be away from interruptions, with satisfactory lighting and whatever other assets that you may have to work easily.
Telecommuting can to be sure be somewhat repetitive with no adjustment of working space or individuals around, which can now and then negatively affect your balance between serious and fun activities and every day efficiency. It is in every case great to take a little break from work and spoil yourself. Be that as it may, recollect, self-care isn’t something you do when you are anxious; all things considered, it is choosing to deal with yourself as a customary practice. So be inventive and track down a ‘glad’ spot to invest some energy reviving.
Ensure in these difficult occasions you stay associated with individuals around you. There might be chances that the telecommuting arrangement can cause you to feel restless and disengaged, yet opening up with individuals around you can help you feel somewhat better.
Self Employment Ideas

For a smooth living, a stable source of income has become an utmost necessity. The modern world grants many employment opportunities to the people to choose from. People choose their career options that suit their necessities and personality. People engage themselves in various jobs to secure their present and future. The 9 to 5 jobs are considered to be the most common and safe option for people that promises a good salary at the end of the month. In the present time of crisis, many people lost their jobs and with no source of income, life has definitely come to a standstill for them. To keep going with the flow of life, people have started to utilize their passion in a professional way that would fetch them money to lead a good life.
Self employment is that job opportunity where a person is his own boss. Although being self employed is not at all an easy task because there are challenges at every step. Initially, a self employed person might face many downfalls, monetary losses, uncertainty about continuity of the job and many such issues. Apart from that, stress, anxiety, feeling of despair, under – confidence, societal pressure, unfulfillment of economic needs etc might crush the person. But if a person believes in himself and his ideas, is determined and hard working, no challenge can break him. Ideas and proper execution of ideas are the key to a successful self employment opportunity.
10 Self Employment Ideas

1. Freelancing
Freelancing refers to that self employment idea where a person puts up his skills on the concerned websites so that they could be hired by companies for a period of time. Freelancers don’t work as employees rather they work on the basis of contract. Freelancing includes works like Content Writing, Proofreading, Web designing, Copywriting etc.
2. Blogging
Blogging is the most common self employment idea presently. To become a good blogger, one needs to have an internet connection, a laptop or maybe a smartphone and a lot of ideas on varied topics that would catch the attention of the readers. For example, right now, ‘Fashion’ is something that everyone is interested in and blogs on fashion would fetch a blogger with lots of readers and ultimately profit. The same goes with health and fitness blogs, travel blogs etc.
3. YouTube
YouTube has become the most popular platform on the internet where people showcase their talents. Some use this platform for entertainment purpose and for some it is a source of income. People post their music, dance, acting, cooking, painting and other such videos on YouTube. YouTube pays people when their videos cross a certain limit of views, likes and subscribers. Some people even earn around lakhs monthly from YouTube. It is a perfect platform to earn name, fame and money.
4. Make – up Artists
Make – up Artists are in great demand nowadays. A training certificate from a well known institute is enough to start with the job. Although the well established Make – up Artists have customers throughout the year yet the business of the Make – up Artists bloom more during the wedding season.
5. Home Bakers
In the past few years, home bakers have come up in huge numbers. People who are interested in baking have taken an opportunity to use their skills to earn money. Home bakers bake at the comfort of their homes and sell their eatable items.
6. Selling hand – made products
People good at art and crafts can make use of their crafting skills to start their own line of business. There are many websites where people sell their hand made products. Social media applications like Facebook, Instagram etc are used for promoting their products. Some of the hand – made products are so well crafted that it gives a tough competition to machine – made products.
7. App designing
With the popularity and necessity of smartphones, app developing industry is getting popular. With a proper training in an app developing course, one can start his career in this industry even remotely.
8. Social Media Influencers
This profession is the most discussed and popular profession of recent times. With the growing popularity of social media, social media influencers are growing in numbers. These influencers specialise in specific content and work on those contents. They make regular posts on their social media accounts on their specialised topics in an interesting way to attract the attention of the viewers. Because these influencers have a massive fan base, they are approached by the top brands for promotion of their products. This is of course a great self employment idea.
9. Tuitions
If a person thinks that he is good at any subject, he can start teaching students. Initially there might be one or two students but gradually if his students appreciate his teaching process, many more students would enroll themselves in his tuition. Because people give so much importance to education, taking tuitions is a good idea to start one’s career.
10. Photography
The photography industry is also growing rapidly. A person with photography skills can easily turn his passion for photography into profession. To begin with, one should take mini steps like concentrating on creating his own portfolio, learn from or intern under skilled photographers to enhance their already existing skills. After building a strong portfolio and promotion of his works, he could be approached by people to cover various events from which he can earn his living.
These are a few self employment ideas that people can make use of to earn their daily bread. Before taking up any self employment idea, one has to self introspect and self discover to know what he wants in his life. When a person turns his passion into profession, his zeal towards working immediately doubles than ever before.

IS IT NECESSARY TO DO A JOB BEFORE STARTING A BUSINESS?
Don’t you think, that it’s very important to know businesses before starting one? It is a yes from my side. Why is that a yes? There are millions and trillions of people who are looking forward to their startups and become an entrepreneur. But it is remarkable to be well versed on what business you wanna run, the experience of the same will help you in future. I would like to say experience is the only thing we won’t ever regret about. Experience is the kind of thing that makes the person uptight, it’s not just only about experiencing a job to start a business, it’s also about experiencing some actions in personal life that would help us to improve. prior knowledge will help you get all the appropriate and vital information on which you are planning to go on with. It will enhance your skills more, by experience you get more discipline, you can acquire the leadership skills if you do not have one you learn to be one. It is well said that, keep making mistakes until you are successful.
Many people nowadays are anticipated in starting something new or walk away to do something of own and resign from the old job. The idea seems interesting and passionate but the dreams look good while dreaming because, in reality, it is quite different from a dream which may create some trouble and also the loss of money put in for investment or setting some business up, this will happen if the person doesn’t know this.
Making a jump from employee to entrepreneur is a big move for one, it’s not only about making money but also about own mindset, also in changing a lifestyle, and the way of thinking.
What’s the thought in mind when we think about being an entrepreneur? will he be able to own a business or is being an employee is the best thing. As we all talked about mindset. Employees have a different mindset than an entrepreneur. Employees think like, they have been given this assignment and they have to finish accordingly. So that person has the level of discipline to work upon as soon as possible. Where, entrepreneurs think like, they know how to do it when to do it independently, as there are no restrictions and pressure from anyone. One can do it with whole lots of creativity and with responsibility.
There are advantages of working before starting your own business:
1. you can learn more about your idea and creativity, get more time to explore different business options and what suits you.
2. Can learn more about the industry and how’s it working and what are the ups and downs in the business. And also get to know where to invest, how much to invest.
This amazes me that everyone in the world wants to be more independent and all that stuff. But there will be some pieces of advice from parents and relatives about doing a job first rather than starting up a business first, and that’s true. But there might be a reason some people got an idea to start while they were working as a colleague. If you have the confidence of converting your ideas into a business then why wasting time.
UNEMPLOYMENT CRISIS IN INDIA
Amidst all the problems that exist in India, the unemployment crisis is at the topmost position. A report by Center for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) reveals India’s unexpected increased unemployment rate to 24% in April 2020, then decreasing to 9.1% in December 2020 and 6% in January 2021. Thus impacted as many as around 90 lakh people losing jobs during the worldwide COVID-19 lockdown. The number of unemployed people might have deceased over the period, but unemployment still remains an unsolved problem in India.

Problems caused due to unemployment
Unemployment and poverty goes side by side. The problem of unemployment gives rise to the problem of poverty. Young people after a long time of unemployment find the wrong way to earn money. To get rid from the unemployment stress, they accept alcohol or drugs. The personal and social costs of unemployment include severe financial hardship and poverty, debt, homeless and housing stress, family tensions and breakdown, boredom, alienation, shame and stigma, increased social isolation, crime, erosion of confidence an self-esteem, the atrophying of work skills and ill-health.
Haryana- The highest unemployment rate in India.
Haryana recorded the highest unemployment rate in India, as per the data released by the Center for Monitoring Indian Economy for February 2021. With a 26.4% unemployment rate. Haryana’s unemployment is nearly four times the national average. The spike in the unemployment rate comes after the state saw a considerable dip in the jobless figures in January 2021. In January, the unemployment came down to 17.7% from over 32% in December 2020. Economists and industries have attributed this to extreme volatility in the market.
Types of unemployment crisis in India:
- Disguised unemployment: When organizations hire employees more than they need.
- Structural unemployment: When employees skill set mismatch with their jobs roles due to the unavailability of jobs in the market.
- Seasonal unemployment: When people do not have work during certain seasons of the year, like labourer in India rarely earn through daily wage jobs throughout the year.
- Technological unemployment: It is when people lose their jobs due to technological advancements. Example- manual processes replaced by digital and automation.
- Cyclical unemployment: When a massive number of employees are removed from the organization during recessions.
- Frictional unemployment: When people are unemployed for a short period while searching for a new job or switching between jobs. The reason for this type of unemployment is not a shortage of jobs, instead the employees themselves quit their jobs in search of better job opportunities.
Major causes and impact of unemployment
- Large population-India has crossed 1,389,456,823 population already with only $1,877 per capital income.
- Low or no educational levels-As per NSO’s report, India’s average literacy rate is 77.7%. The sad part is, almost 2 million graduates and half a million postgraduates are still unemployed in India.
- Low employment skills.Around 47% of graduates in India are not suitable for any kind of job role.
- Job opportunity and skills mismatch-According to a report, 48% of urban youth face the problem of landing a suitable job, 38% of those who are employed are dissatisfied with their current job.
- Societal responsibilities for women-Only 19.9% of educated women in India are employed, as many of them are graduates but have to get married right after their graduation, others quit jobs due to family responsibilities or pregnancy and maternity gap.
Solutions to unemployment
- Education-For every problem in the world,education stands as the strongest solution. Education is the basic right of any citizen and it should be provided with minimum fees. Right from equal educational facilities, to skill-based and computer knowledge, the educational system can and should be improved.
- Career guidance-Job seekers who are educated but could not figure the right career path should consult a career guidance expert. Every industry has numerous career opportunities but Indian workers lack complete awareness about the same. A career guidance expert can help job seekers understand the industry know-how, zero down on the best career option and choose the right career path for them.
- Skill-based training-Every job role requires a specific skill set and every job seeker should get trained in those skills. Many EdTech startups provide career guidance with industry, job or company-specific training to hone organizational skills. These skills training sessions also include resume through mock interviews and everything that can help job seekers become employable.
Laugh Your Stress Away With These TV Shows
The current pandemic has been very stressful for many people around the world. Uncertainties in employment, increased job stress, academic stress and worry about the spread of the coronavirus and contracting the disease have been a few worries plaguing the minds of many people across the globe. Too much of stress and worrying is bad for both the physical well-being of the body and mental health of the psyche.
It is important to occasionally take a step back from the various problems and worries in life and destress. What better way to do it than with some laughter? The saying โLaughter is the Best Medicineโ is actually more than just that. Some of the benefits of laughter are:
- It is a mood booster– Laughing releases endorphins. Endorphins are hormones which are responsible for the feeling of happiness and pleasure. The more a person laughs, the more endorphins get produced, which consequently lead to more happiness
- It protects the body from effects of stress– When you laugh, your bodyโs stress response gets activated and then gets reduced. This causes a increase and subsequent decrease in the blood pressure and the heart rate
- It gives a boost to the immune system– Prolonged stress and tension can compromise the immune system. Laughter decreases its effects thus strengthening your immune system
- It protects the heart– Laughing lowers blood pressure, increases blood flow and improves the functioning of blood vessels.
Laugh your way to good health with these five American sitcoms:
Friends

No list of the best American sitcoms would be complete without this iconic series. ‘Friends’ narrates the story of a group of six friends – Monica Geller, Rachel Green, Phoebe Buffay, Joey Tribbiani, Chandler Bing and Ross Geller. The series follows their daily ups and downs. The series ran for a decade- from 1994 to 2004. Although some of the jokes and situations may be lost to a lack of relevancy in current times, the humorous situations the characters go through will make you laugh out loud.
Brooklyn Nine-Nine

Ever thought that a comedy cop series couldnโt exist? Brooklyn Nine-Nine is here to prove you wrong! As the name suggests, itโs based in the fictional 99th precinct of Brooklyn, as follows the daily lives of a group of New York Police Department personnel. The shenanigans they get into will have you in stitches the whole time! Season 8, which will also be the final season, comes out on the 12th of August, you might want to catch up on the story till then!
Modern Family

Tired of seeing dramatic family soap operas? Itching for a family-based show with laughter, heartfelt moments and light-heartedness? Give Modern Family a chance. The show follows the life of the families of Jay Pritchett, his daughter Claire Dunphy and his son Mitchell Pritchett. The show is filmed in a mockumentary style, which further enhances its comedic value.
The Big Bang Theory

Love science? Love comedy too? Donโt worry, the Big Bang Theoryโs got you covered! This sitcom is centered around five friends- physicists Sheldon Cooper and Leonard Hofstadter, their neighbor Penny who is an aspiring actress and their co-workers, astrophysicist Raj Koothrappali and aerospace engineer Howard Wolowitz and the various humorous situations they experience with each other, their co-workers and other friends.
Young Sheldon

Couldnโt get enough of the Big Bang Theory? Loved Sheldon? Did you want to know more about him and want to see more of him? Watch Young Sheldon! The series is a spin-off acting as a prequel to The Big Bang Theory. The show is a narration of Sheldon about his life as a kid. Follow the hilarious interactions of the child genius and socially inept Sheldon Cooper as he tries to navigate the world!
Phytoremediation : A sustainable approach for ecosystem restoration
Phytoremediation is a technique by which toxic or harmful contaminants are bioaccumulated by the plants or trees by their internal metabolism. This technique, when used to treat land and water systems, is called phytoremediation. This technique is used by various institutions to treat water and land bodies that are degraded because of human activities.
Chernobyl is a place in Ukraine where a tragic Nuclear Disaster took place in 1986. Which transformed the place into an isolated wasteland with radioactivity. After decades of extensive plantation in Chernobyl, the place is totally transformed. Plants and trees which help in phytoremediation were planted in the area and the project turns out to be a total success. The Chernobyl we see now is a result of extensive phytoremediation in that place. Like Chernobyl, there are many other places where phytoremediation is being used for restoration.
A point to note is not all plants are made for phytoremediation. Some plants which are used for this purpose are duckweed, sunflowers, Four o’clock, Pteris vittata, barley, hemp, Paulownia, etc. The list goes on. Research is going on every day for the discovery of more such plants which can help in phytoremediation.
Advantages of phytoremediation are that the process helps in the elimination of toxic elements, a natural and a sustainable way for ecosystem restoration, improves the fertility of soil also the place where the technique is being applied not only becomes greener but also becomes aesthetically pleasing.
With advantages come disadvantages and they are time-based process and needs many years for the result, the specific plant has to be chosen for a specific area and its need, foraging of animals has to be restricted at any cost because the plants and tree uptakes toxic element and if other animals consume the plants or trees, it may cause toxicity to the animal as well.
Reiterating, I think phytoremediation is one of the excellent techniques for ecosystem restoration sustainably.
Is Dowry more important than someone’s life?
There are two categories of “male for sale ” first is the traditional one.. men whose parents straight away demand money n things,, give list of gifts they want n money to be distributed to relatives……..(anyways i compare such relatives of boy to nachaniyas who are taking money from girls father to dance. please stop saying they dance for their nephews wedding. But atleast in this category the girls family knows the exact cost n they decide whether they want to buy or not… and if the” product” they are buying the worth the cost or not….and few families happily do it because their daughters are not educated enough to go out n earn n they give one time payment to boy to feed clothe n shelter their daughters for life time plus a prestigious tag of “married” which gives a girl so much respect in society..and i wont forget to mention an annual maintenance charge when they give expensive gifts to girls family on their birthdays anniversaries, festivals, pregnancy of girl, childbirth..very cunningly there r so many customs which require a girls family to keep shelling out money one way or another….But again i say this particular breed of doolhas (bridegrooms) atleast tells his cost before he is bought under the leash of matrimony.
Second category are most dangerous.they will happily claim โdowry not requiredโ n will be boasting they r well off n dont require anything..but wait….. Are they not sending interests after seeing what girl does, how educated is she n how much she earns…what parents do n what they earn..they assume that due to society showoff practices so common in middle class the family will give them dowry without being asked..n they r not stupid like gigolos who take one time payment for marrying a girl they will be taking monthly payment when they want the girls to give their salaries to them n ultimately have all control on her money…. who cares for a stupid TV fridge AC washing machine car when the trophy girl can buy these things with her four month salary…or even with what she already has in her bank.one can even cry about being in debts n ask the girl to clear them up all with her savings…(That’s another story no debts r ever mentioned before ..if a girls family know the guy has debts equal to his five year salary ..no one will marry their girls to them..)so they just tell their salaries n later know that once a girl is bound to them legally n especially if she is satisavitri types who believes that her man is her everything n there is no life beyond marraige..she will be so happy to clear debts. .this is steal deal,,,,getting a girl who cooks cleans plus gives money too!…but the problem starts when the girl is not willing to part with her hard earned money or she cannot take the abusive behaviour of inlaws anymore..its then that the true colors of this breed shows..the seemingly teetotaler turns out to be a monster who will go to any extend to physically n mentally torture a girl, a girl who is intelligent educated n doing well in career will be a sorry picture then..few have guts to file divorce n walk away…better to spend all ur savings on a divorce case n get rid of such person than staying in this relationship n getting tortured everyday n also having no right over your hard earned money so a final piece of advice to parents seeking grooms for their daughters who were not able to find a mate for life on their own..even if u go for arranged marraige especially through matrimonial site, before finalising the wedding please get a detective agency to enquire about the boy…better to spend money now than later getting your battered daughter treated in ICU battling for life after the greedy in-laws poisons her or spending a fortune getting divorce if ur daughter is sane enough to leave the married tag happily..n if u urself endorse dowry n want to show off the party n dowry items atleast buy gigolo of first variety mentioned above, atleast they mention all costs clearly n have better chance of keeping ur daughter happy. but why do that too….either find a man for ur daughter or let her live alone.
Gigolos are not worthy of marraige. Don’t bother about the society….do they come n help when your daughter is beaten up?no do they go n try to covince the boy n his family not to torture the girl? no…are they ready to contribute the amount the greedy boy asks after one month of marraige? no infact the so called relatives n wellwishers will start avoiding u once they know there r matrimonial problems.so be mature n take right decisions. girl is burnt alive every 20 minute for dowry n not even one percent of cases of DV go to court. Women is silenced to save grace of family.
Growing importance of Criminology in the contemporary world.

What is Crime?
Before understanding Criminology, we should know what is crime. We frequently use the word ‘Crime’. Crime is an act that harms individuals or a society and is punishable by law. Our society has never been crime free. Since the ancient days till the present day, society has witnessed various crimes and crime rates have been increasing ever since then. Everyday when we read the newspaper or watch the news and through social media, we come across instances of heinous criminal activities. In such a scenario, the importance of Criminology is greatly felt.
What is Criminology?
The scientific study of crime is Criminology. It not only studies crime but also studies the causes behind crime, laws relating to crime and also studies the measures to stop crimes.
Crimes are generally committed by those people who are not satisfied with what they have. Insecurities, greed, lust, hatred, suspicion, jealousy and the like are the main roots of crime. Here, Criminology plays an important role where the discipline studies all the components of society like family, religion, economy in relation to crime and makes the society understand, control and reduce crime by discovering and analysing its causes. Criminology provides stability to the society.
Importance of Criminology and Criminologists
Because of increasing crime rates, various laws relating to crime has also been introduced because law is an important tool of social control. Laws related to crime is adequately modified with time to deal with criminal activities and changing intentions and mindsets of the criminals.
Criminologists works together with the law enforcing agencies to develop profiles of the criminals and gather statistics on crime rates so that they could rightly prevent crimes and punish the offenders but in a liberalised manner. In the present time, Criminology has been playing more attention to rehabilitation of offenders through intensive after – care programs.
Since we are living in a modern era, we cannot skip the advancement of scientific knowledge and technology. Although technology has made life easy yet complexities of life has increased greatly due to which patterns of crime has changed. Theft of automobiles, shop lifting, forgery, cheating,smuggling,trafficking,financial scams and scandals, terrorist activities, have become so common these days. Also, crimes that are committed online cannot be ignored like online gambling, hacking, cyber bullying etc. The more the world is advancing, the more criminal acts are increasing.
To tackle all these criminal instances, Criminology as a discipline is of great importance to devise new methods and techniques to solve these problems through scientific research.
The Criminologists keeps themselves acquainted with new criminological developments and work out strategies to deal with intricate problems of life.
In a nutshell,
โ Criminology helps in reducing crime by understanding the causes behind it.
โ Criminology helps in understanding the mindsets of the criminals which would help in proper allocation of resources to control crime.
โ Criminology suggest appropriate measures for rehabilitation of criminals.
Criminology as a discipline should be introduced in every educational institutions to create awareness among students regarding crime. In the present times when every corner of the world is occupied with criminal acts, the importance of Criminology is realized.
Dealing With Harassment At The Workplace

Working environment provocation is the point at which a worker or a gathering of representatives feel deprecated or undermined by their partners.
Despite the fact that there might be the presence of some actual proof, we can’t reject that it is excessively entirely expected at work environments today. Hassling behavior may incorporate hostile jokes, casteist slurs, actual attacks, affronts, terrorizing, tormenting and so on Such practices influence and effect the worker’s vocation from multiple points of view and establish a harmful and useless climate in the association.
It requires intensity and fortitude to venture out and oppose the oppressor. On the off chance that at all you are confronting any wrongdoing or testing circumstances, valiantly oppose that. We have recorded down some ways that may help you manage such a circumstance at your working environment.
In case anybody is being outlandish or harassing you at work, the as a matter of first importance move anybody should make is telling the domineering jerk that their conduct is unseemly and unwanted. You ought to fearlessly and unmistakably put down stopping points at the working environment by telling the domineering jerk that their conduct is amateurish and not appreciated and caution them that essential moves would be made against them if such conduct proceeds in future. In the event that the training is more genuine or every one of the endeavors to determine the issue have gone to no end, one should tell the concerned specialists and make essential moves.
Tell your collaborators that you are feeling awkward working with someone in particular or gathering of individuals. You may likewise discover colleagues with experience of wrongdoing by a similar individual and will uphold your case.
It is ideal to allude to the organization’s strategies and laws specifically and badgering laws in the nation overall. Decide whether there is an authority strategy against badgering in the association, what it incorporates, and how you ought to continue with your grievance. Generally medium and huge associations have arrangements to catch wrongdoing possibly.
It is important to report the misconduct and derogatory behaviour before things go out of hand. Tell your supervisor, someone from the Human Resource team or any person in charge of handling such cases in the organizations.
THE SAGA:MUMBAI
You all must have heard about Mumbai and its dramatic episodes. Yes, Mumbai, the ‘city of dreams, is this place where all come around to make their dreams come true. It is said that this is a city that never sleeps and not allows us to sleep. Life here is so fast and particular, one should be very adaptive. It is India’s most densely populated and popular city. Mumbai is formally called Bombay and is the financial capital of India, here are some famous and expensive real estate, it is an important centre for commerce & trade, and also for textile industry.
Mumbai, it’s just not the city, it’s a vibe of life. At first, Bombay is the dream for every newbie student, business company, or worker but when we are here, we get to know what is so special about this city.Mumbai is the first city to start with aย railway, It carries 2.2 billion population of passengers in a year. Mumbai has the best train networks (local trains) it helps us reach the right location. Trains were installed in late 1925. The climate here is to live for, it is so blissful around here in the rainy season, the food around here is irresistible, Mumbai is a major tourist attraction, and also the way Mumbai brings all the culture and religion together is amazing. everything is soo good about Mumbai, it just feels so right to be in.
There is a list of many incidents that took place in the past few decades.
1. On 12 March 1993, India’s most populated city was attacked by 13 bombs blast across the city. The first bomb took place in the Bombay stock exchange and continued with many cars and the scooter blast went on regular intervals for 2 hours straight. Which lead to the death of 260 people and 700 people were seriously injured. It was the biggest and major terrorist attack in India.
2. In 2002, another bomb attack was planned by the Pakistani terrorist. The bomb was placed under the BEST bus near Ghatkopar station. It blasted there and there and casualties were, 2 people died and over 50 people were injured.ย Later the police defused another bomb in other BEST in Andheri.
Many blasts occurred in the year 2003,
1st was when Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the PM and came to visit Mumbai. The bombing took place near Vile parle Station. It killed 1 person the and other 30 were injured.
2nd one took place on 13 March, The bomb was placed under the seat of the ladies compartment of a local train. The bomb blasted near Mulund Railway station.
3rd one took place in July. The location of it was again in Ghatkopar, Lal Bahadur Shastri Nagar. The bomb was placed on the BEST bus. 4 people died and 28 were injured.
4th one took place on 25th August, it was planned as twin bombing,54 were killed. One was near the gateway of India and another one in the jewelry Bazar, near Mumba Devi temple.
3. Another terrorist took place in Bombay in 2006. It was the 11th of July, series of 7 bombs were fit in pressure cookers in a local train on the suburban side. It all blasted in 11 minutes. Casualties were the same as the Bombay blast, above 200 people were killed, and 700 or above were severely injured.
4. You all must know about the 26/11 serious tragedy, in 2008, Mumbai was again got under a major terrorist attack. 10 Pakistanis entered the country through the Arabian sea, in the city of Maharashtra.ย They planned the coordinated shoots and bomb blasts in the city of Mumbai, there were 12 places in total including Taj, the main hub- Chatrapati Shivaji terminals, and a hospital.
Many people were ruthlessly killed. Casualties were 206 were killed and 300 and above were injured.
So, this was the major incidents that took place in Mumbai during this period. The ‘city of dreams’ is not the title, it does make your dream come true. But this attacks have created a major impact and fear in our lives. So let’s stay positive and safe.
OUR FUTURE WITH ROBOTICS
Robotics is one of the fast growing industries in modern times. The scope of this field is vast and can assist us in our daily house chores, automobile sectors, education, healthcare, and many more. The Robot Institute of America, 1979 defines a robot as a reprogrammable, multifunctional, manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions to perform a variety of tasks. Robots are seeming to be an important aspect of our life helping us to produce more quality products in lesser times. Robotics has made an immediate and huge impact on the world in recent times. A cafe in Japan is staffed with humanoid robots for waitressing. These robots are controlled by paralyzed people or people with different disabilities. Looking at the present scenario we can expect robotics expansion in the above field in the near future.
- Public security: AI technology can help us predict and detect crime in the future. With this technology, the safety rate for the common public will increase and it can also be a great help for law enforcement officials to take actions against crimes faster and in an efficient way. There are camera based security systems available in the market that can automatically recognize suspicious activities.
- Education: It is not possible for a single teacher to meet the needs of personalized learnings of every student present in the classroom. E-learning is helping us to overcome this problem by letting the students learn in their own space. Robots can act as an alternative for teachers. A humanoid robot NAO has already started forming bonds with students around the world. This humanoid machine also has important senses of natural interactions that include moving, listening, speaking, and connecting.
- House chores: Cloud connected robots have already become a part of our lives. We can set up the vacuum cleaners for cleaning. There are multifunctional robotic cookers that can automatically steam, bake, slow cook, and perform many other actions without manual intervention.
- Employees: Robots can be seen as our coworkers in the future due to the speed and quality of work produced by them. Due to their multifunctional abilities and accuracy, they might become a replacement for human employees.
- Automobile: At present, there exist automatic cars that can perform activities automatically without manual efforts. But still, they need human intervention to some extent. But in the future, there can definitely be fully automatic cars that wonโt need any kind of manual work at all.
- Health: Pharmabotics is a term coined for robots in the healthcare sector. Instead of talking to a stranger regarding our medical issues robots will act as an ATM for medicines.
- Entertainment: Virtual reality will surely enter our homes in the near future. It is even possible to interact with our home automation systems with the help of conversations that will respond to our attempts.
We can see that the scope of robotics is now growing with a speed. People use robotics in a lot of sectors or we can even say in almost of sectors. Some countriesโ people have started using robots in their daily life as well. Robotics will surely help the technological development of a country and it will ease a lot of human efforts as well.
Shrawan – The Divine Month
Shrawan Month is the Hindu Calendar’s fifth month. Nepal is known for being the world’s just Hindu realm with unmatched strict resilience. Hindus all through the world honor this promising month. “Shrawan” is additionally thought to imply “to hear pleasant things.” In request to celebrate Lord Shiva, lovers pay attention to talks, reverential supplications, singing, and moving during the Shravan months. The other exacting significance of “Shravan” is “Saawan,” which signifies “month of downpour, blooming blossoms, and swinging.”
Lord Shiva, who is regarded as the most powerful, destroyer, and defender, is honored during the month of Shrawan. This month is thought to be the time of the great Samudra Manthan. During this Manthan, the Poison and Amrit (elixir of life) emerged from the depths of the ocean. The poison Halahaal was so potent that it could wipe out all of the Gods as well as the Earth. Lord Shiva drank the poison and kept it in his neck in order to rescue the world and the Gods. Since then, Lord Shiva has been known as “Neelkanth,” which means “blue throat.” However, after ingesting the poison, Lord Chandra (Moon) stayed in Lord Shiva’s brain to protect him from the poison’s effects.
There are a slew of such beliefs surrounding the month of Shrawan. During this month, believers fast (vrat or brata) on any day, but particularly on Monday. The fast might be of any length; it can be full or partial. Fasting is commonly done by women of all ages to honor Lord Shiva. Unmarried women follow the fast to pray for an ideal husband like Lord Shiva, while married women pray for their husband’s long life, good health, and prosperity. They pay a visit to the temples, make offerings like as milk, bel patra, flowers, and perform Bhajan-kirtans (devotional prayers and songs). It is also said that worshiping Lord Shiva during this month is 108 times more potent and effective than worshipping him during other months.
This auspicious month of Shrawan is particularly auspicious for women. They will only wear green, red, and yellow bangles, potes (beads), sarees, and kurthas, among other things. Green is the primary hue of Nature and represents calm. During this month, the ladies create Mehendi or Heena using their hands. Green, red, and yellow bangles of various designs can be found in abundance in Nepalese shops and markets. The use of Mehendi or Heena on the hands, as well as wearing sarees, kurtas, or outfits in green, red, or yellow, as well as bangles and ear-rings in similar colors, has become fashionable among Hindu women.
During the month of Shravan, it is customary to break the fast or consume only vegetarian foods. Apart from religious reasons, there is a scientific rationale for fasting throughout the month of Shrawan to improve one’s health. This is the rainy season. When the rains begin to fall, sunlight becomes scarce. As a result, digestion slows down. People normally eat light foods, mostly vegetarian diets, throughout this month. Fasting also aids in digestive system detoxification. During this monsoon season, it provides a natural defense against water-borne infections. The blessings of Lord Shiva provide happiness, good health, and wealth to everyone during the Shravan month.
CHILD LABOUR: STILL PREVALENT IN INDIA?
“CHILD IS THE FATHER OF MAN”, thus said WORDSWORTH years ago. Moreover, it is the child who is a citizen of tomorrow. It is in the condition of a child that there lies the future of any society or nation. Children are the real mirrors of the society. The quality of life of a child reflects how progressive a society is. And with the dawn of the 21st century, one of the challenges that has appeared globally is the problem of CHILD LABOUR.
Child labour is a kind of crime where children are violated to work at a very young age and do the duties just like grown-ups by practicing in business activities. As per the International Labour Organization (ILO), a rule has been established according to which children up to the age limit of fifteen should not be involved in any job forcibly. The use of the children for financial work makes children denied of childhood, proper literacy, mental, physical, and social well being. In some countries, this practice is completely forbidden; however, it has become an international matter in most of the states as it is ruining the future of children extensively. Child employment is a severe matter in most of the developing nations. Small children under the age of 14 are being involved in economic work activity by the people of high-class society. They are ignoring the reality that children are the future and hope of the nation. Millions of children are lacking in primary education and depriving their childhood in our country, which is a terrible warning. These children do not get the opportunity to live a healthy life since they are not delighted physically, intellectually and culturally strong.
CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR:. Child Labour happens due to a number of reasons. While some of the reasons may be common in some countries, there are some reasons which are specific in particular areas and regions. When we look at what is causing child labour, we will be able to fight it better.Firstly, it happens in countries that have a lot of poverty and unemployment. When the families wonโt have enough earning, they put the children of the family to work so they can have enough money to survive. Similarly, if the adults of the family are unemployed, the younger ones have to work in their place. Moreover, when people do not have access to the education they will ultimately put their children to work. The uneducated only care about a short term result which is why they put children to work so they can survive their present.Furthermore, the money-saving attitude of various industries is a major cause of child labour. They hire children because they pay them lesser for the same work as an adult. As children work more than adults and also at fewer wages, they prefer children. They can easily influence and manipulate them. They only see their profit and this is why they engage children in factories. Hence, We should stop this!! This is not right. But, the question is HOW CAN WE ERADICATE IT?
ERADICATION OF CHILD LABOUR. If we wish to eradicate child labour, we need to formulate some very effective solutions which will save our children. It will also enhance the future of any country dealing with these social issues. To begin with, one can create a number of unions that solely work to prevent child labour. It should help the children indulging in this work and punishing those who make them do it.Furthermore, we need to keep the parents in the loop so as to teach them the importance of education. If we make education free and the people aware, we will be able to educate more and more children who wonโt have to do child labour. Moreover, making people aware of the harmful consequences of child labour is a must.In addition, family control measures must also be taken. This will reduce the familyโs burden so when you have lesser mouths to feed, the parents will be enough to work for them, instead of the children. In fact, every family must be promised a minimum income by the government to survive.In short, the government and people must come together. Employment opportunities must be given to people in abundance so they can earn their livelihood instead of putting their kids to work. The children are the future of our country; we cannot expect them to maintain the economic conditions of their families instead of having a normal childhood.
SUPERSTITION AND INDIA
Superstition refers to any belief or practice that is caused by supernatural causality, and which contradicts modern science. Superstition beliefs and practices often vary from one person to another or from one culture to another, ranging from harmless practices such as lemon-and-chili totems in order to ward off the evil eye to harmful acts like witch-burning. Superstitions have two main causes: cultural tradition and individual experiences. If you grew up steeped in the superstitions of a particular culture or religion, you may carry these beliefs forward, even subconsciously.
Psychologists who have investigated what role superstitions play have found that they derive from the assumption that a connection exists between co-occurring non-related events. For instance, the notion that charms promote good luck, or protect you from bad luck. Superstitions are usually attributed to lack of education. However, this has not always been the case in India, as there are many educated people with beliefs considered superstitions by the public. Being part of religion and tradition practices have been passed down from one generation to another for centuries. The Indian Government has tried to put new laws prohibiting such practices into effect. Due to the rich history of superstitions, these laws often face a lot of opposition from the general public.
Past supersitions
- Sati system – Sati is the act or custom of a Hindu widow burning herself or being burned to death on the funeral pyre of her husband. After watching Sati of his own sister-in-law, Ram Mohan Roy began campaigning for abolition of the practice in 1811. The practice of Sati was abolished by Governor General Lord William Bentinck in British India. On October 1 1987, the legislative assembly of Rajasthan passed an ordinance against Sati which was later turned into an Act. On 3 January 1988, the Indian parliament passed a new law ( Commission Prevention of Sati Act 1987 )based on Rajasthan’s legislation of 1987.
- Human sacrifice – Although human sacrifice are not prevalent in India, rare isolated incidents do happen, especially in rural areas. In some cases, human have bee replaced by animals and birds. This has caused backlash from animal rights groups, so in some places they have again been replaced by human affigies. The motives behind these sacrifices include inducing rainfall and helping childless women conceive. It is alleged that cases often go unreported or are covered up. Between 1999 and 2006, about 200 cases of child sacrifices were reported from Uttar Pradesh.
Common Superstitions
- Itchy palm: Good luck – There are many variations on this superstition. But the idea of having an itchy palm generally refers to someone who is greedy or has an insatiable desire for money. Some believe that if the right palm itches you will meet someone new, while an itchy left palm means that money is coming. Others tell that an itchy right palm means money coming in and a left handed itch foretells money going out.
- Breaking a mirror – Many superstitions people say that breaking a mirror sets you up for 7 years of bad luck. That may be because 7 years is the time it takes to replace all the cells in your physical body. In a more superstitions time, mirrors were thought to be reflections of the soul. So breaking a mirror was believed to be harmful to the soul.
- Black cats: Bad luck – This superstitions is a tough one for cats lovers to swallow, but in the middle ages it was thought that witched kept black cats as companions.
Conclusion
A superstition is an irrational fear of what is unknown or mysterious, especially in connection with religion. Being too superstitious is opposite of being materialistic and realistic. It is the belief that certain events bring good or bad luck which cannot be explained by reason or science. In short, superstitions means blind belief.
The portrayal of Indians in US films shows has evolved over the years
Her presence at the Grammy Awards in an ivory kimono dress earlier this year may have turned heads for all the wrong reasons but there was way more to Priyanka Chopra Jonas attending one of the four biggest annual entertainment awards in the US.

Priyanka Chopra Jonas, the first South Asian to headline an American network drama series when she starred in ABC thrillerย Quanticoย in 2015, is reflective of the slow evolution in the representation of Indians in US cinema and television. The change, though not entirely remarkable, is evident both in the token presence of Bollywood stars such as Amitabh Bachchan, Anil Kapoor, Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, and Deepika Padukone in Hollywood films and Indian-born foreigners such as Mindy Kaling, Dev Patel, and Hasan Minhaj making waves.
The well-known trope to include an Asian character, often unnecessarily, as part of the broader narrative of American films and series, goes back to the fairness doctrine introduced by the United States Federal Communications Commission in 1949, that required the holders of broadcast licences to present controversial issues of public importance in an honest, equitable, and balanced manner, thus requiring the mandatory presence of ethnic minorities.
โI have always felt that in addition to a mandatory black face and then a Hispanic one, they (Hollywood films) have a mandatory Asian too, in their bid to look inclusive,” film critic Bharathi Pradhan said. The earliest depictions of Asians were as greedy, illiterate foreigners though they did evolve into doctors, professionals, and more educated immigrants by the 1980s.
However, the inherent Orientalism refuses to die. The first American company to recruit Indian faces for its projects was Merchant Ivory Productions where actor Shashi Kapoor was a regular with films such asย The Householderย andย Shakespeare Wallahย in the 1960s. Over the years, several Bollywood actors have crossed over to Hollywood, such as Amitabh Bachchan (The Great Gatsby), Anil Kapoor (Mission: Impossible- Ghost Protocol), Aishwarya Rai Bachchan (The Last Legion,ย The Pink Panther 2), and Deepika Padukone (xXx: Return of Xander Cage).
โThey are all quite unidimensional characters and a classic example of tokenism as far as social representation goes,” said Uma Vangal, filmmaker and professor at the L.V. Prasad Film and TV Academy. It is disappointing to see such talented actors being reduced to caricatures in a narrative to which their presence or absence would not make a difference, said Vangal.
Brand communities
Brand communities
The Jurni

- This is a London based newsletter.
- I came across this amazing newsletter about travel, culture and inspiration from my best friend who was working as a campus ambassador for this brand.
- It served exactly what I was interested into and that made me become a regular reader of the newsletter. And they had an impressive Instagram page as well (https://www.instagram.com/thejurnimedia/) which got me into the brand’s responsive community.
- Soon I went ahead to become a campus ambassador myself and promoted the brand using my social media handles.
- Now that I think I realize that it’s one of the best kind of brand promotion to reach out to people who are interested into the content of your brand, offer them a role in the community and then make them promote the brand by themselves using their personal social media handles. The Campus Ambassador program of The Jurni is an excellent way of creating community leaders and expanding the community to wider stretches.
- I believe that the community could be even better if the acknowledge the efforts of all campus ambassadors and other employees of the company on a larger scale maybe by featuring the best few over the brand’s social media handles. That would surely pump up everyone to give their best.
PRIVATIZATION.
Privatization is many focused on private companies. It is transferring of government assets or services from the public to the private sector. Government usually transfers this to work efficiently. It’s where government ceases to be a part of the company or business. India recently announced of union budget which is a government’s plan of privatizing every state-owned company in the coming year. Narendra Modi announced that there will be less involvement of government in business, and monetization and privatization will empower Indian citizens, help in the enhancement of infrastructure, and will be economically good. Many countries have gone through a privatization path, such an agenda helps in the enhancement of the company which benefits the customer. On the other hand, critics argue that it may lead to losing jobs, and private companies may charge higher prices. There is no proper privatization plan that has a good fit but there are many success stories and also failures. For example, water privatization took place in JUSCO(Jamshedpur Utilities and Service Company lt.) Is the largest water supplier, it is a flagship company of TATA groups. So, as per the agreement between the TATA group and the government of Jharkhand JUSCO is bound to provide drinking water to the whole town. A political activist told that they cut thousands of people from their basic rights. There are many places in Jharkhand, Shyam Nagar, Balram Basti, etc where water supply is still not regular and some of them don’t have water connections. JUSCO is a private company, the government itself couldn’t help in this situation, they have no control over it as stakes are too low to get in the discussion. Another example is, Hindustan Zinc, the company privatized is good and a successful example. The Atal Bihari Vajpayee- led the BJP government to sell 45% of the stakes of Hindustan Zinc for 765 crores in 2002. The 30% stake government retained was 20,000 crore. This is the second-largest zinc-lead miner company in the world and one of the top 10 silver producers. This shows that there can be failures and successes. It is just a matter of time and plan. Though there are some effects of it faced by common people.
Effects of Privatization in India.
1. The major effect of privatization is private sectors make hold of if and sell products at a very high rate, which can’t be controlled by any government as it’s all privatized. This is the opportunity of bribery and Corruption for private businesses. Private sectors are not privatized. They are not as transparent as the government. 2. When private companies enter the market, their only motto is to earn profit. So, the prices of the products are too high and the purchasing power of all consumers isn’t that high. So, the demand for the products decreases which leads to a drastic change in the economy. 3. Adding to it, Private owners Raise the productivity and decrease the cost, which leads to losses of jobs and wages for workers.
Hope, privatization is considered to bring more growth and efficiency in a company. There are both positive and negative engagement but let’s focus on what’s coming best for us.
Allergic Conjunctivitis : a common eye disorder

Human eye is that organ through which we witness the beauty of the world. The eyes capture an image and send signals to the brain to perceive the colour, size and shape of the object. The human eye is often compared to that of a camera. As per the reports of Dr. Roger Clark, who is a scientist and a photographer, the resolution of human eye is about 576 megapixels which is more than a camera. However a camera and human eyes should not be compared because both function in its own way. In certain cases, a camera has quite a few advantageous position than the human eye but it cannot be denied that humans are blessed with a powerful and a beautiful organ like the eye.
Unfortunately, the functioning of eyes are disturbed by many disorders and Allergic Conjunctivitis is one of the most common eye disorder.

What is Allergic Conjunctivitis?
In simple terms, Allergic Conjunctivitis is a non – contagious allergy in the eye due to reaction of certain substances like dust, pollen, animal fur etc. The eyeball consist of a membrane called the conjunctiva which is vulnerable to irritation from the external substances. Allergic Conjunctivitis are of two types as per duration is concerned.
1. Seasonal or Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis
Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis occurs for a short period of time when the eyes suddenly gets irritated and usually stays for a day or two. Seasonal eye allergies gets cured on its own.
2. Long – term or Chronic Allergic Conjunctivitis
This type of conjunctivitis occurs for a long period of time where eye irritation is much more intense and long lasting than the acute. In case of Chronic Allergic Conjunctivitis, proper treatment and care is essential for the eye to come back to its normal state.
Symptoms of Allergic Conjunctivitis
1. Redness of eye
2. Itching of eye
3. Swelling of eye
4. Watery and pus discharge from the eye
5. Runny nose and frequent sneeze
6. Discomfort when the naked eye is exposed to bright light or even direct sunlight
7. Unable to keep looking into someone’s eyes straight up even for a short period of time
8. Sensation of presence of a foreign body in the eye
9. Burning sensation of the eye
10. Pain in and around the eye
Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
1. Avoiding those substances to which a person is allergic.
2. A person should take precautions when it is windy as the dust and pollen count is more on windy days.
3. People suffering from allergic conjunctivitis should stop rubbing their eyes no matter how irritated they feel because rubbing of eyes makes the eye swelling worse.
4. People suffering from allergic conjunctivitis should soak their eyes with a clean cotton pad dipped in cold water or gently put ice cubes wrapped on a clean cloth on their eyes to get rid of the irritation and soothe their eyes.
5. One should avoid wearing contact lenses and eye makeup when symptoms are showing.
6. Wearing sunglasses in the outdoors is always a good idea that would protect the eyes from direct sunlight.
7. The most effective treatment is to visit an eye specialist who would provide the required medication in the form of eye drops and tablets as per the severity of one’s allergic condition. Eye drops like Antihistamine eye drops, Mast Cell Stabilizer eye drops, Steroid eye drops etc are quite effective in reducing symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. The eye drops and tablets should be taken as per instructions of the doctor as these medicines have quite a many side effects.
People suffering from Allergic Conjunctivitis should take utmost care of themselves because allergies do not have a permanent cure but it can be reduced to an extent if we identify the substances we are allergic to and refrain from coming into its contact. Eye allergies should not be taken lightly because we cannot compromise with such a precious sense organ. Eye allergies might not be fatal but it definitely disturbs the normal functioning. Human eye is a wonderful gift, let’s take care of it.
Shakuntal by Laxmi Prasad Devkota
Mahakavi Laxmi Prasad Mahakavi Laxmi Prasad Mahakavi Laxmi In about three months, Devkota completed Shakuntala, his first epic poem and the first “Mahakavya” (epic poem) written in Nepali. Shakuntala, a massive work in 24 cantos based on Klidsa’s classic Sanskrit play Abhijnakuntalam, was published in 1945. Devkota’s command of Sanskrit meter and diction, which he significantly assimilated although composing largely in Nepali, is demonstrated in Shakuntala. Shakuntala is one of David Rubin’s greatest achievements, according to the late scholar and Devkota translator.
The Sanskrit masterwork Abhijnanasakuntalam by Kalidasa, based on the Mahabharata’s Shakuntala narrative, was written over 1,500 years ago. In 1789, it was translated into English for the first time, and then into 12 other European languages. But, among the various translations into South Asian languages, Laxmi Prasad Devkota’s adaption into Nepali, whose 110th birthday is on Sunday, October 27th, stands out.Shkuntal Mahkvya (1945) by Devkota is the most faithful to the original shrigara ras traditional poetic form in Nepali. According to experts, Devkota’s Shkuntal is a ‘transcreation,’ not a translation or adaptation.
Devkota’s Shakuntal is one of three versions he worked on, the other two being Dushyanta Shakuntala Bhet and an English Shakuntala. It’s remarkable that a poet can make three different versions of the same piece in two different languages. Devkota, who died in 1959, is also the only poet to produce an English Shakuntala with a distinct poetry structure and style than Kalidasa’s dramatic form.The epic has been translated into Persian, Arabic, classical Tamil, and modern Urdu poetry and prose, as well as other Indian regional languages. Aside from Devkota’s three versions, there are eight other translations of Abhijnanasakuntalam in Nepali.
Reading Devkota’s Shakuntal Mahakavya creates the impression of two-way contact between two great poets from two independent but connected cultural and poetic traditions separated by centuries.When Devkota and Kalidasa discuss the meaning of Shakuntala’s “recognition” (abhijnana), they engage in a spiritual and poetic discussion. Kalidasa’s mystical symbolism and lyrical rhythms are only discernible through suggestion (dhvani), which Devkota’s writing catches quietly yet well.Shakuntala was born as the abandoned daughter of the sage Vishwamitra and the celestial singer Menaka, according to Kalidasa’s epic. The king of Hastinapur meets her in the forest and gives her his ring, which she will receive when she arrives at his palace. Vishwamitra is forced to forget about Shakuntala’s pregnancy, and she misplaces the ring on the way to the palace.The first words of Devkota’s Shakuntal bring the reader closer to Kalidasa’s Kumarasambhavam, where the erotic tension between Shiva and Parvati is the source of world creation and celebration.Kalidasa’s text has various Shaivism symbols, which Devkota not only translated into Nepali but also filled with the original epic’s meaning. The final lines of Devkota’s version bring the idea of ‘kalyan’ as Shakuntala’s bliss full circle.
Even if Devkota does not duplicate the dramatic form, his invocation to the Shiva/Shakti principle that produces the cosmos keeps the original’s sense and aim. Devkota’s Shakuntala, like Kalidasa’s, ceases to be a person or a character and instead becomes the embodiment of Shakti, whose happiness is the fulfillment of the universe.Devkota’s Shakuntal Mahakavya is loaded with the shringara style’s force, with its different elements colliding in creative explosions. The long and detailed account of Menaka seducing Vishwamitra is lyrically astounding in its use of sexual imagery, both visual and aural.
While the story of the seduction is implicitly mentioned or assumed to be comprehended in all other Kalidasa translations, only Devkota concentrates on both the poetic and symbolic implications of the scene. Shakuntala’s birth is regarded as a unique cosmic occurrence since it is the result of the Vishwamitra’s unfinished tapas. Shakuntala’s anguish was described by Rabindranath Tagore as her own struggle to achieve complete understanding of love by continuing her father’s interrupted meditation.
The meditation reaches its pinnacle when the male tapasvi gives way to the female tapasvi. While Vishwamitra was lured by the fact that he was unaware of Indra’s plot, Shakuntala’s anguish stems from her ignorance about Durvasa’s visit to the ashram. Dushyanta abandons his child (in the womb) and briefly leaves Shakuntala, while Menaka abandons her child and leaves Vishwamaitra. This sense of continuity and poetic harmony is only apparent in Devkota’s Nepali translation.Devkota’s brilliance rests in his meticulous delineation of many chhandas for each part, which has more diversity and intricacy than Kalidasa’s original.
In the beginning, Devkota claims that his goal is to elevate Nepali mahakavya to a higher degree of quality, and he achieves. The English Shakuntala by Devkota is a long poem divided into nine cantos, each with a different theme, ranging from โVishwamitra: the Terror of Heaven’ to โStrife and Unity.’ In this piece, Devkota maintains his focus on Shakuntala in the Romantic tradition of heroism and self-discovery.Devkota is a famous South Asian poet for a variety of reasons, but his interpretation of Shakuntala is particularly noteworthy.
Shakuntal Mahakavya is a modern-day classic due to his use of comprehensive meters, both classical and folk, the detailed refinement of shringara rasa, stunning descriptions of events, and delicate use of symbolism.
Why Aadhaar Card And Pan Card Are Important Before Starting Your Professional Journey

Aadhaar is a 12-digit exclusive number issued by the โUnique Identification Authority of Indiaโ to every resident of India. There are many individual documents in the country like PAN Card, driving licenses, passports, and ration cards. Any resident of India, including minors, is entitled to an Aadhaar card. While the Aadhaar card is for adults, โBaal Aadhaarโ is for children below five years.
Pan Card is a 10 digit alphanumeric number issued by the โIncome Tax Departmentโ. It holds all the information about a person. PAN Card is issued to human beings, non-resident Indians, companies or anyone who pays taxes in India.
Types of PAN:
I. Individual
II. Company
III. Trusts
IV. Foreigners
V. Society
VI. Firms/Partnerships
VII. HUF-Hindu undivided family
Usage of Aadhaar Card:
Aadhaar card assists with taking out copies under assorted plans and produce generous reserve funds to the public authority exchequer.
The public authority is furnished with exact information on recipients, and the taxpayer supported organization suppliers can oversee and upgrade, in contrast to plans. Additionally, The Aadhaar number is just given to occupants after de-copying their segment and biometric qualities against its information base.
The Aadhar system takes into consideration disconnected/online independence check of occupants the country over. It takes out the problem of oftentimes giving supporting personality reports each time an occupant needs a way into administrations, advantages and appropriations. Aadhaar Card is fundamental for profiting explicit government assistance plans and contributions like lamp oil, LPG, and grants.
Usage of Pan Card:
Opening a bank account:
A PAN card is important to open another financial balance, regardless of whether it is an investment funds or a current record. Regardless of whether private, public or agreeable, all banks require the consistence of a PAN card to open a record with them.
Proof of Identity:
A PAN card is recognized as substantial evidence of personality anyplace in the nation and estimated as verification old enough. It can likewise be used as evidence of character while applying for a citizen ID, driving permit, visa and so on.
Cash Deposits:
In case you are submitting cash over Rs. 60,000 all at once, you should introduce your PAN subtleties to the bank. This is with regards to the RBI approval, which guides banks to report any enormous money stores to the RBI to stay away from tax evasion.
Microplastics & Nanoplastics : Architect of ecosystem degradation
Humans throw-away tonnes of plastic every day without even thinking that the same plastic is returning to them and can affect their biological systems. The plastic we throw away every day affects the entire ecosystem. Recently, a plastic dump was found stuck in the Arctic ice. When the plastic we throw away ends up in the water, tiny organisms ingest them and it enters their biological system as another eats on them and the cycle continues.
This is what biologists call bio-magnification. When organisms were exposed to plastic, it was seen that the plastic affected their biological system. For instance, when a team of scientists at the University of Plymouth exposed marine mussels to microplastics, they saw these microplastic damaged their DNA, ruptured their digestive tracts and deformed their gills. The same applies to other organisms as well. The plastic we throw aways turns into microplastic and nano plastics, which are so tiny and destroy biological systems. These nano plastics and microplastics are so tiny that they are indistinguishable from crustaceans, birds and other organisms.
Not only water, lots of microplastics and nanoplastics also end up in the soil which later gets incorporated by the bacteria, fungi and detritus living in the soil, therefore, screwing up the food web of the soil. The microbes in the soil have a special role in decomposition and affecting them would result in a disturbance in the process of decomposition. There are numerous studies done on how these microplastics and nanoplastics are degrading the ecosystem.
An interesting fact is that humans are the only species who are using plastic in day to day lives if we adopt some better choices or alternatives, we can save the whole ecosystem.
POLLUTION
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as trash or runoff produced by factories. Pollutants damage the quality of air, water and land.
7 types of pollution
- Air pollution
- Water pollution
- Land pollution
- Radioactive pollution
- Thermal pollution
- Light pollution
- Sound pollution
Air Pollution
Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions, chemicals from factories, dust pollen and mold spores may be suspended as particles. Ozone, a gas is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution it’s also called smog. Some air pollutants are poisonous.
Air pollution can cause headaches, dizziness. Long term effects from air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. Air pollution can also cause long-term damage to people’s nerves, brain, kidneys, liver and other organs.
9 best ways to reduce air pollution
- Using public transports
- Recycle and reuse
- No to plastic bags
- Reduction of forest fires and smoking
- Use of fans instead of air conditioner
- Use filters for chimneys
- Avoid usage of crackers
- avoid using provide with chemicals
- Implement Afforestation
Water pollution
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities. Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater. They may use the same polluted river water for drinking or bathing or irrigation. The causes of water pollution vary and may be both natural and anthropogenic. However, the most common cause of water pollution are the anthropogenic ones, including Agricultural runoff carrying fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and other pollutants into water bodies such as lakes, river.
Effects of water pollution include
- Destruction of biodiversity
- Contamination of the food chain
- Lack of potable water
- Disease
- Infant mortality
8 ways to reduce water pollution
- Reduce the use of chemicals when cleaning
- Practice water conservation
- Dispose of your medications properly
- Avoid use of pesticides and herbicides
- Avoid water-polluting recreational activities.
- Avoid disposing items into the toilet
- Maintain your vehicle
- Carryout these practices everywhere
Land pollution
Soil pollution or soil contamination is a part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotics chemicals or other alternation in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals or improper disposal of waste. Soil erosion the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, deforestation and overgrazing is one of the main reasons for soil pollution. Water pollution-the toxic waste material and liquids that are discarded on land contaminate water through the sewage system and sludges.
Various causes of land pollution
- Deforestation and soil erosion
- Agricultural activities
- Mining activities
- Overcrowded landfills
- Industrialization
- Urbanization
- Construction activities
- Nuclear waste
- Sewage treatment
- Littering
5 best ways to reduce land pollution
- Eat sustainable foodstuffs, properly recycle batteries, produce homemade compost and dispose of drugs in the places authorized for this purpose.
- Encourage a more eco-friendly model for industry, farming and stock breeding, among other economic activities.
- Improve urban planning and transport planning and waste water treatment.
- Improve the management of mining waste, restore the landscape and conserve topsoil.
- Involve local communities and indigenous peoples in the design, implementation and assessment of sustainable land and soil management.
Radioactive pollution
The radioactive pollution is defined as the physical pollution of living organisms and their environment as a result of release of radioactive substances into the environment during nuclear explosions and testing of nuclear weapons, nuclear weapon production and decommissioning mining of radioactive ores and handling of radioactive waste, and accidents at nuclear power plants. Exposure of high level of radiation, such as being close to atomic blast, can cause acute health effects such as skin burns and acute radiation syndrome. It can also result in long-term health effects such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Causes of radioactive pollution
- The use of nuclear weapons as weapons of mass destruction
- Use of radioisotopes
- Mining
- Spillage of radioactive chemicals
- Tests on radiation
Solution for radioactive pollution – The only options are either to contain the waste storing in tightly closed containers shielded with radiation-protective materials or dilute it. It can also be contained by storage in remote caves or abandoned salt mines
Thermal pollution
Thermal pollution is any deviation from the natural temperature in a habitat and can range from elevated temperature associated with industrial cooling activities to discharges of cold water into streams below large impoundments. The effects of thermal pollution include decrease the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, which aquatic life requires, damage to larvae and eggs of fishes in rivers. Killing off some species of fish and macroinvertibrates that have a limited tolerance for temperature change, and migration of living entities.
Ways to prevent thermal pollution
- Heated water from the industries can treated before discharging directly to the water bodies.
- Industrial treated water can be recycled for domestic use or industrial heating.
- Heated water from the industries can be treated by the installation of cooling ponds and cooling towers.
Light pollution
Light pollution is excessive, misdirected or artificial light. Too much light pollution has consequences it washes out starlight in the night sky, interferes with astronomical research, disrupts ecosystems had adverse health effects and wastes energy.
Light pollution is mainly caused by misdirected excessive, inefficient and unnecessary lighting systems. New energy efficient and cost efficient light sources such as LED will only aggravate light pollution.
Prevention of light pollution
- Use LED
- Minimizing the use of lights
- Glare-free lighting for vehicles driven at night
- All outdoors lights with glare should be replaced with low-glare alternatives.
- Colored lights can be used as an option.
Sound pollution
Sound pollution also known as environmental noise or sound pollution is the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them harmful to a degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport and propagation system. It effects millions of people on a daily basis. The most common health problem it causes is Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NHL), can also cause high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep disturbances and stress. These health problems can affect all age group especially children.
Steps to reduce sound pollution
- Close the windows.
- Put on earplugs
- Improve your insulation
- Invest in noise-canceling headphones
- Do wall-to-wall carpeting
- Install a fence
GIFTS OR BOUNTIES OF NATURE
Nature is our very existence, for, if it was not for nature we would not have got the gift of oui existence even, we would not have been created. Life on earth is the greatest gift of nature and it can be found on this earth in several hues and shapes. Everything that we see around-the hills, trees, Plants, mountains, flowers, sun, moon, stars, clouds, birds, and animals consist of Nature. It is the greatest gift of GOD because it is this very nature that sustains us. We cannot think of our existence without Nature. If man is the crowning glory of Nature then Nature is the base of man’s life and existence.
On earth, the gift of life is visible in so many forms, shapes and sizes, all occupying different areas of existence like the areas of land, air and water. Different species of living beings live on land and water, and, nature has provided for each one small or big a convenient mode, atmosphere and a body to exist and grow, in its own environment.Besides living beings, we see life in other shapes those of huge trees and small plants. In the shape of these plants, nature has provided enough for the maintenance of this life on earth. Nature is present before us wherever we turn our eyes. It is present in every colour, shade, hue, shape and size. The air we breathe, the land we live on, the vaulted sky above our heads make life possible on earth. There are countless species of flora as well as fauna. After having created life and living beings on this planet, Nature has given the correct and healthy environment for the existence and the continuous growth of these shapes of life. The very air we breathe in to live, the food we eat to exist and grow, the water we drink to quench our thirst are all basic gifts of nature, without which life could not have existed and grown on this planet.
Thus to be able to see and appreciate the gifts of nature, we do not have far to go, as, all the life that exsits is a gift of nature. Besides life, the scenes we have the pleasure of seeing on this planet are also other gifts of nature which we get to enjoy the life given to us while we are here on earth. The very power to see with our eyes all the beauty around us is also one of the greatest gifts of nature, if it were not for eyes, how would we see and appreciate the nature around us. Our seas, oceans, rivers, lakes, and ponds are teeming with infinite variety of fish and aquatic plants and other kinds of creatures. Deep underneath lies a whole world which is yet not completely discovered. Moreover, the store of precious stones underneath also is a Great gift of Nature.
The gifts of nature to us living beings are uncountable, but we know about them and appreciate their importance only when, we either donโt have them or, we lose them. Just imagine a single day without seeing daylight or enjoyment or love, then, would life be worth living. Thus, with life we must realise that, nature has accorded to us all other gifts with which we can enjoy life.For understanding the gift that this planet is for us, we just have to take a look around us. Besides the different types of lives we see a variety of land formations, water formations and of course so much in the sky to admire. These gifts we see when we go trekking on hills or on holidays to hill resorts or beaches or see waterfalls. All these add to the beauty, variety and the grandeur of this planet, all of which is a gift package for us mortals.So much for the human being alone, for the animals the jungle has been provided as their habitat. The varieties of animals from the huge elephant and rhinocerous to the tiny rabbit, all coexist in the thick of the mighty jungles. All this that we see is for us to enjoy and coexist with. Nature has provided such immense variety for us to live with, appreciate and enjoy, all these are finally the gifts of nature to man the highest form of life in this world. The creatures in the air and sea, and the others that live on land are all for man to enjoy in some way or the other, as, man is the noblest of natureโs creations, and he thus gets it all.
Myth Or Science?
We have come across a lot of myths our entire life. You might have heard your parents saying if a black cat crosses your path then it is a bad omen. If you cut your nails at night then evil spirits will attract you. But did you ever imagine from where do these beliefs got their existence? People say these are just superstitions and have no scientific background. But it is not true. The people who made these beliefs were actually more scientific than us. Every ritual we follow always has some science or a valid reason behind it. Today we will be exploring the reasons and science of some of these myths or rituals.
Black cats and bad omen
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A lot of countries believe in the fact that black cats when cross your path bring bad omen. Nowadays it has just been a superstition. But at ancient times there existed a valid reason for this. In older times, people used to travel on bullock carts or horse-driven carts. When a black cat with its glowing eyes would come in between the path it will spook the animals. As a result, to calm them down the riders would take a break and feed them water and food.
Opened umbrella inside the house

It is said that if an umbrella is kept open inside the house brings bad luck. The actual reason behind this myth is, the umbrellas in older times were made of hard pointy metals. So if anyone keeps an umbrella open inside the house, there were chances that someone might get hurt. And this is how the myth came into existence.
Chilies and lemon will avoid misfortune

People usually hang 7 chilies and lemon outside their workplace to avoid misfortune. According to superstition, the goddess of misfortune will not enter the shop or store if they do this. They believe that the goddess of misfortune likes sour, spicy flavors and if we hang lemon and chilies then she will eat it and will lose the urge of entering inside the workplace. The real reason behind this ritual is, in ancient times, chilies and lemon were used as DIY insecticides. As a result, they used to hang it outside their workplace to avoid insects and pests.
Cutting nails at night attracts evil spirits

The main reason this belief got its existence is that back in those days there was no electricity. If we cut our nails at night there were chances that we will cut a small area of our skin as well. To avoid this, cutting nails at night was prohibited.
Haunted Peepal trees
Many people still agree that Peepal trees at night are home to witches. But this is not true. There is a very basic scientific reason for this myth. We all know that at night time, trees absorb oxygen and emit carbon dioxide in the air. Peepal trees are very large in size and as a result, the amount of CO2 emission will also be higher. CO2 is not good for human health and as a result, there were made restrictions to go near Peepal tree at night.
Sleeping in north direction is harmful

Earth has magnetic fields around the north and south poles. Likewise, our body also has poles where the head is considered as the north pole and the leg as the south pole. Also, it is obvious that opposite attracts and similar repels. So, if we sleep with our head in the north direction then the magnetic forces will repel causing disturbances to the brain. As a result, it is said that we should not sleep in the north direction.ย
To conclude, there are proper scientific reasons for all the myths and practices. Though some of them need not to be followed at present days. But there are some that will be good for our health if we follow them. The practices performed in ancient times had valid reasons but were spread in a wrong way. And that is why we find them superstitious now.
National Award actor bids us adieu.
Veteran actress Surekha Sikri breathed her last today, July 16, in Mumbai. She was 75. Her manager confirmed the news in a statement shared with the media and said that she passed away due to a cardiac arrest earlier this morning. Surekha was not in the best of her health for some time now.

Surekha Sikri made her debut in 1978 with Kissa Kursi Ka. She married Hemant Rege and they have a son together, Rahul Sikri. Her works in the industry include Balika Vadhu, movie Badhaai Ho, Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani, Pardes Mein Hai Mera Dil… Indumati Lala Mehra, Maha Kumbh: Ek Rahasaya, Ek Kahani, Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar, Banegi Apni Baat, Kesar, Kkehna Hai Kuch Mujhko, Saher, Samay, CID and Just Mohabbat, among others.ย The veteran has won three national awards, including one for Badhaai Ho. Surekha was last seen in Netflix”s anthology Ghost Stories directed by Zoya Akhtar.

A veteran ofย Hindi theatre, she made her debut in the 1978 political drama filmย Kissa Kursi Kaย and went on to play supporting roles in numerousย Hindiย andย Malayalam films, as well as inย Indian soap operas. Sikri has received several awards, including threeย National Film Awardsย and aย Filmfare Award.

Sikri won theย National Film Award for Best Supporting Actressย thrice, for her roles inย Tamasย (1988),ย Mammoย (1995) andย Badhaai Hoย (2018). She was awarded theย Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Negative Roleย in 2008 for her work in the primetime soap operaย Balika Vadhuย and won theย Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Roleย for the same show in 2011. In addition, she won theย Sangeet Natak Akademi Awardย in 1989 for her contributions towards Hindi theater. Her last releaseย Badhaai Hoย (2018) got her immense recognition and appreciation from viewers and critics. She won three awards: theย National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress,ย Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actressย and theย Screen Award for Best Supporting Actressย for her performance in the film.
Actors like Sureka Sikri are not born these days, actors who can speak jus through their eyes and expressions are the actors we remember. She will always be “Dadisa” from Balika Vadhu for me and “Dadi” from Badhai ho for me. To perform such characters where your audience will not like you is such a huge risk but she took it and the way she did it we all have seen it. Especially the scene where she take a stand for her daughter in law in Badhai ho, and shuts everybody up. Nobody could have performed that character and scene like her.
You always be in our hearts, queen. May you rest in peace and power.
Teen struggles.

Teenage years are a time of rapid growth and change, physically and mentally. Teenagers are between the age group of 13-19 from puberty to adulthood, this is where the crucial stage of people’s life begins where they either make a bad decision or a good one’s.ย This is the time of adolescence, which may be a rough time for parents to control them with this furious and frustrated nature. Teenage life is difficult to understand as it’s more towards finding themselves out, it’s a period of the span where kids try to indicate themselves. This is due to hormonal changes in them, it changes their set of mind, behavior, frustration, angriness and whatsoever. This may sound crazy but it is okay to be like this in these particular years. It shows the transitional stages in a kids life, but it is a physical, psychological, cultural stage of expression may start soon and end as later as it can be.
Youngsters make early decisions about their schooling, subject, and career which is a lot of pressure for them. Some even think their secondary marks decide the whole future and career.
A major issue faced by teenagers:
Suicide, as we all know teen period is very stressful. They are filled with major changes which include hormonal changes, changes in behavior, and in feeling too. This leads to more confusion, stress, fear, and doubt in themselves.
For some teens, normal development may be a bit harder when are combined with different events like:-ย
divorce
change in the families behavior
loved one’s moving out etc.
This problem doesn’t seem easy to handle or overcome, it leads to suicide in the teenage generation as they are not very developed from the mind and thinking.
Here I have a story for you about the latest suicide in India.
- 18-year-old boy committed suicide for losing money of 15000 rs while ordering a smartphone from an online site.
- 16-year-old girl died after committing suicide. She was popular on social media and had many followers.
- A 14-year-old girl died after being raped by 3 men in Madhya Pradesh.
Depression is common at a young age. It says that 20% of the kids are affected by mental depression at adolescent age and many of them suffer from a year or more.
Depression is a very serious issue, not only in teenagers but also in adults. Depression leads to suicide, depression, and suicide revolves around each other. In simple words, depression or any other harmful action which can not be bared leads to suicide.
Bullying is another thing that hurts an innocent mind and personality. It happens when one particular thing is repeated in front of the same person which is way offensive for the person and is’nt able to handle the insult. Bullying is a deliberate behavior.
Here I have some incidents related to it:-
- Riddhi Oswal, age 16, resides with her parents in Switzerland. She was traumatized by the same bullying in her school which made her leave the school, and the same thing continued in the next school. Her parents even filed the complaint in court, but nothing happened in particular. So Riddhi and her sister Vasundhra at the age of 22 started with an anti-bullying campaign for those who were bullied and to stop the bullying in general.
- Here’s the story of an 18-year-old girl, who resides in Ahemdabad, she was cyber-bullied by her best friend. The culprit was her friend, so used to make fake accounts of the victim and used to chat with the boys in a very inappropriate way and there were very weird messages in it and to give victims phone number. Later it got to know that it was all out of jealousy and for fame.
These are not the only problems teenagers are facing. There’s more in it, these were the major part of it. But if the child is facing issues and having stress about thinking negativity, then you must help the child to how to appreciate the good stuff, positive thinking, and gratitude which will change the criteria of thinking. Instead of thinking ‘why didn’t’, will think ‘why and how ‘ things went well.
A Brief Insight on Renewable Energy Sources
The conventional and widely used energy sources of today comprise of various types of fossil fuels. The quantity of fossil fuels available is limited in number. Various harmful chemicals like Carbon monoxideย (CO), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and various other hydrocarbons are emitted by their usage. This makes them harmful to the environment and human health in the long run. The usage of such conventional energy sources has been a primary cause of global warming around the world.
This can be combated with the use of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are energy sources obtained from natural sources which are not limited in availability and replenish themselves quickly and regularly. This renewable energy is also known as green energy.
The different types of renewable energy are: Solar energy, Wind energy, Hydro energy, Geothermal energy and Marine energy.
Solar Energy
Solar energy is energy obtained from radiant heat and light obtained from the sun. This is done by the help of techniques such as photovoltaic systems, solar heating, artificial photosynthesis, concentrated solar power plants and the like. Obtained solar energy can then be converted to either thermal energy or electrical energy. It can also be used for the environment-friendly production of hydrogen.
Advantages of using solar energy are:
- It is a renewable and green source of energy
- Sunlight is not limited, therefore, there is no risk of running out of the source
Disadvantages of using solar energy are:
- The process is weather dependent as it relies of the availability of sunlight. Thus, it also cannot be done at night
- Solar energy systems take up a lot of space and are expensive
Wind Energy
Wind energy is energy which is obtained from mechanical action of the wind. This action is carried out with the help of wind turbines. Through the action of wind turbines, the kinetic energy of the wind gets converted into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy then gets converted into electricity.
Advantages of using wind energy are:
- The whole process does not release any products harmful to either the environment or human health
- It is a sustainable energy source
Disadvantages of using wind energy are:
- Wind turbines can only be built in remote areas where large, unobstructed areas of land are available
- The wind turbines may pose a risk to birdlife
Hydro Energy
Hydro energy is also known as hydroelectric energy. It is obtained from the construction of hydroelectric power plants in dams over flowing bodies of water like rivers. Similar to the functioning of wind turbines, hydraulic turbines transform the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy which is further used to create electricity.
Advantages of using hydro energy are:
- Creation of hydro power plants helps in the creation of water reservoirs
- It is not limited by time or the sun, i.e., it can be produced continuously
Disadvantages of using hydro energy are:
- Creation of dams disrupts the water ecosystems
- Hydro energy power plants can only be constructed over flowing water bodies and therefore are constrained by location
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is obtained from the heat generated from rocks in the Earthโs crust. This energy is harnessed by digging into the crust and using the heat to drive the movement of turbines which generate energy.
Advantages of using geothermal energy are:
- It does not require any fuel
- It does not require much maintenance
Disadvantages of using geothermal energy are:
- It may cause earthquakes
- The process of digging may cause the release of greenhouse gases from beneath the surface
Efforts should be made to research and explore renewable energies more for the creation of a healthier planet and lifestyle.
Present Indian society through the lens of ancient Indian texts.
To know where we are going, we need to know where we came from. Ancient Indian texts can give us a reference to understand how the Indian society can be studied which also makes possible to predict or plan the future of the Indian society. Because the Indian society is so diverse, the ancient books plays an important role as the history and significance of every individual culture, the wants and needs of people can be studied through it. These studies are advantageous for the present day policymakers in framing the policies and schemes favourable to the diverse groups of people. Any activity that is done in the present or has to be done in the future has to be in co – relation with the past.
Ancient texts in Science and Technology
We might not be aware of the fact that the ancient Indian books are still relevant but the present technological advancements of the Indian society has its base in ancient Indian society. Progress in science and technology aims to fulfill the needs of the people and those needs have been the same throughout ages. The Indus Valley Civilization is an apt example in this context. The advancements of this civilization can be related very well to the present Indian society. They excelled in town planning, agriculture, trade, architecture, craftsmanship which is evident in their jewellery and other artifacts. They used to live in two – storeyed buildings and had proper bathing area along with hygienic toilets. Although the Indus Valley Civilization is thousands of years old yet these developments are widespread in the present Indian society. Even after all these years, it is possible to keep up with these developments through ancient Indian texts.
Ancient texts in religion
In the religious context as well, ancient Indian texts are immensely relevant in the present times. Religious texts and mythologies preach how to live life, make us differentiate between right and wrong. Religions like Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism and others has provided the mankind with guidelines on living an ethical life that forms a moral background of ideal human behaviour. The Bhagwad Gita that teach us to conquer our fears still remain relevant. People still read such religious texts to overcome their fears. Lord Krishna’s advice to Arjuna in the Indian epic Mahabharata also holds relevance today. When Arjuna faced difficulty in choosing between his duty on one hand and his unruly kinsmen on the other hand in the battlefield, Krishna advised him to remain steadfist in his duty or dharma and defeat his evil kinsmen. This advice of Lord Krishna can be applied in the current times to keep away evil and negativity.
Ancient texts in politics and economy
The ancient Indian texts has mentioned about proper and effective governance. In this regard, Chanakya’s Chanakya Neeti and Arthashastra is worth mentioning. Chanakya has very clearly mentioned how the administrators should be in order to run the country efficiently. He stated that the public administrators have to bear the responsibility of the citizens so that the country runs smoothly and work for the common people keeping in mind their needs and requirements. Talking about corruption, he mentioned that strict punishment should to given to those who choose the path of corruption. All these statements are seen to be quite relevant in the current times.
Regarding economy, his famous book Arthashastra points out many things that are still relevant. Arthashastra conceptualised India as a welfare state. It covered various areas like infrastructure, finance, agriculture, trade and commerce, employment, laws etc. He stated that proper work on these areas will develop India in later times and in the present day, these areas are considered to be extremely crucial for the development of the country.
The ancient Indian texts thus acts as a blueprint that helps in creating a society in its best form by referring to the past society by identifying what was best and what went wrong. Therefore it can be said that we can study the present Indian society through ancient Indian books.
How COVID-19 has changed the world economy

The COVID-19 pandemic has reached almost every country in the world.
Enormous changes in financial exchanges, where partakes in organizations are purchased and sold, can influence the worth of benefits or individual investment accounts.
The major Asian and US stock markets have recovered following the announcement of the first vaccine in November, but the FTSE is still in negative territory.
If the economy is developing, that by and large means more abundance and all the more new positions. It’s deliberate by taking a gander at the rate change in GDP, or the worth of labor and products created, normally more than 90 days or a year. The IMF appraises that the worldwide economy contracted by 4.4% in 2020. The association portrayed the decay as the most exceedingly terrible since the Great Depression of the 1930s.
The movement business has been gravely harmed, with aircrafts cutting flights and clients dropping work excursions and occasions. New variations of the infection – found distinctly lately – have constrained numerous nations to present more tight travel limitations. Information from the flight following assistance Flight Radar 24 shows that the quantity of flights worldwide endured a gigantic shot in 2020 and it is as yet far from recuperation.
Retail footfall has seen unprecedented falls as shoppers stayed at home. New variants and surges in cases have made problems worse.
Green Algae : Predator or Autotrophs?
Green algae contributes about half of the oxygen to our atmosphere. They are one of the important species for the ecosystem. Green algae is in the oceans in many forms, such as single-cell or multiple-cell. Both single-celled and multiple-celled algae are autotrophs and make their food by performing photosynthesis. Recent studies done on single-cell green algae show that they also feed on bacteria that are found in the oceans.
They can act as a predator and hunt on these bacteria. This research opens a new chapter in the world of biology because it was earlier mentioned that these single-celled algae are autotrophs. Something visibly justified that why they are autotrophic is because they contain chlorophyll like other plants and thus perform photosynthesis. So does single-cell green algae autotrophic or heterotrophic? The answer is both.
They perform both photosynthesis and predation according to their needs. The needs means the environmental needs as this research suggests that when proper conditions for photosynthesis are provided to these single-cell green algae they did not feed themselves on bacteria and stick to photosynthesis to make their food. In contrast, when conditions are suitable for performing photosynthesis were not provided to the single cell green algae, they changed their methods and adopted predation. Hence, reiterating that these single-cell green algae change their animal behaviour when extreme environmental condition occurred for their better survival. Which actually proves Darwinโs theory โThe survival of the fittestโ.
The above research was conducted by ecologist, Eunsoo Kim and her team.
DREAMS
MEANING
A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. The content and function of dreams are not fully understood. Although they have been a topic of scientific, philosophical and religious interest throughout recorded history. Dream interpretation is the attempt at drawing meaning from dreams and searching for an underlying message. The scientific study of dreams is called oneirology.

Rapid Eye Movement
Dreams mainly occur in the rapid-eye movement (REM) stage of sleep when brain activity is high and resembles that of being awake. REM sleep is revealed by continuous movements of the eyes during sleep. At times, dreams occur during other stages of sleep. However, these dreams tends to be much less vivid or memorable. The length of a dream can vary, they may last for a few seconds, or approximately 20-30 minutes. People are more likely to remember the dream if they are awakened during the REM phrase. The average person has three to five dreams at night and some may have up to seven. However, most dream are immediately forgotten. During a full eight-four night sleep, most dreams occur in the typical two hours of REM. Dreams related to work-life experience are associated with REM activity, which suggests that emotional memory processing takes place in REM sleep.
Babies spend almost half of their sleep dreaming, while the elderly spend less than a fifth. Blind people dream in other senses, especially if they lost their sight before the age of seven.
Interpretations
Dream interpretation can be a result of subjective ideas and experiences. One study found that most people believe that ” their dreams reveal meaning hidden truths”. In one study conducted in the United States, South Korea and India, they found that 74% of Indians, 65% of South Korea and 56% of Americans believed their dreams content provided them with meaningful insight into their unconscious beliefs and desires.
The history of dream interpretation
Going back around 5000 years ago in Mesopotamia, the earliest recorded dreams were documented on clay tablets. In the Roman and Greek periods, people believed that dreams were messages sent differently from one or more deities, from deceased people, and that they were the predictors of the future. Then there were cultures that practiced dream incubation, their intention being to cultivate dreams of prophecy.
Nightmare
A nightmare is an unpleasant dream that can cause a strong negative emotional response from the mind. Typically fear or horror, but also despair, anxiety and great sadness. The dream may contain situations of danger, discomfort, psychological or physical terror. Sufferers usually awaken in a state of distress and may be unable to return to sleep for a prolonged period of time. Therapy for recurring nightmares (often associated with post-traumatic stress disorder) can include imaging alternative scenarios that could begin at each step of the dream.
Do dreams have a deeper meaning?
A surprising number of people believe that the answer to this question is yes. According to a poll conducted, 43% of Americans believe that dreams reveal unconscious desires and wishes. While most modern theories of dreams would suggest that the answer is no, this hasn’t stopped interpreters and analysis from publishing a whole host of dream dictionaries that purport to identify what these common dream themes and symbols really mean.
5 Occasions When Bollywood Nailed LGBT Representation
Bollywood has either invisibilised or hyper-sexualised LGBT characters. On silver screen the stereotype of the flamboyant gay man was persistent and primarily used as an accessory. Representation of female desire even among hetero couples has been rare, portrayal of female desire in a same sex loves story, for the silver screen, was unthinkable.
The mainstream has suffered from lack of representation within mainstream cinema and the minuscule representation that made its way, is problematic at its best. However, there has always been a few rare offbeat cinemas, even within the mainstream, which shook up the largely conservative audience and showed on silver screen the portrayal of queer characters, queer desire and quietly left its mark on the audience. Here are a few films that got LGBT representation right.
Fire
Fire made in the year 1996 and directed by Deepa Mehta, it shocked the traditionalist audience to the core. Some might even say it is way ahead of its times. However, 24 years later it continues to be way ahead of its time as portrayal of female desire within a same sex relationship continues to be a taboo subject.
Married into a traditional Hindu house, Radha and Sita are sisters- in- law, both stuck in unhappy marriages and a mundane domestic life. They find love, intimacy and companionship with each other, surrounded in a world that forbids female desire. The film was banned in India and created public outrage from the traditionalist and conservative sects. Standing the test of time it continues to be a standalone film for an uninhibited depiction of female desire.

My Brother Nikhil
My Brother Nikhil, made in the year 2005, and directed by Onir, touches upon the AIDS pandemicย in the gay community during the 90s and early 2000s. It touches upon the stigma of AIDS within an already marginalised community and the impact it has on the members of the gay community.
Told through the lens of the family of a closeted gay man, who is forced to come out of the closet because he has been infected with AIDS, it is a poignant tale of love. It is the journey of a man who is shunned by his workplace and parents because of his sexual orientation, only to be supported by his sister and lover. It is a tale of struggle, love and, life, which continues to be relevant even after 15 years.

Made in Heaven
Made in Heaven, a series directed by Zoya Akhtar isย a tale of weddings in India which is about love, money, power, caste and inequalities deeply entrenched in all of us. The male protagonist of this show is a closeted gay man, living in a world where Section 377 of Indian Penal has not been de-criminalised. Hence, outwardly he leads a successful professional life as a wedding planner but inwardly he knows he will treated as a criminal if he comes out.
It shows the struggles of being gay in India before Navtej Johar read down Section 377, which includes a nosy neighbour, a police arrest and custodial violence. It is the journey of a man to accept himself and live in a society that struggles to accept same sex relationships.
Margarita with a Straw
Margarita with a Straw, directed by Shonali Bose, is an intersectional representation of disability, queerness and gender, told through Laila, the protagonist played by Kalki Koechlin. Laila is a young woman who has cerebral palsy who shares a close relationship with her mother, who is also her primary caregiver. She goes off to Manhattan for her higher studies and discovers her bisexuality when she develops feelings for a visually impaired disability activist.
It is a tale of a woman navigating an ableist world, coming off age and dealing with her sexual orientation. It is also a tale of struggle of acceptance as her mother struggles to accept her bisexual identity. Ultimately, it tells a tale of universality of desire, love and acceptance.

Aligarh
Aligarh, directed by Hansal Mehta, is based on the life of Professor Ramchandra Siras who taught at the famed Aligarh Muslim University. The professor is forced to come out of his closet when he is caught in an intimate moment with another man. This is followed by a harrowing tale of violence and intolerance from groups of conservative society and his workplace that suspends him on grounds of gross misconduct.
The role of Siras is played by veteran actor Manoj Bajpayee. The film starts off after his sexuality has been discovered and he is contacted by a young journalist played by Rajkumar Rao about this incident. This film shows the long drawn battle of being charged under Section 377 of India Penal Code. Professor Siras was finally acquitted by the Court. However, he was found dead in his apartment a day before his acquittal and the subsequent reinstating in the University.

Why It Matters?
In a post 377 world, it is crucial that queer narratives, love, life and desires are brought to the forefront. Stories have the power to heal and bring acceptance. Hence, Bollywood, since it is the flag bearer of mainstream cinema needs to bring the queer stories to the forefront as it has a mass appeal. Queer narratives needs to be normalised and telling stories are perhaps a crucial step towards that.

Time travel for explorers? It’s precarious.
Learn how Einstein’s theory of relativity works and how there’s no scientific reason to believe time travel is impossible.
Is it conceivable to go through time? Indeed, and you’re doing it at this moment, speeding into the future at an amazing pace of one second of the second. Regardless of whether you’re watching paint dry or wishing you had more hours to visit with an amigo from away, you’re basically continually going through time at a similar speed. In any case, this isn’t the sort of time travel that has excited endless sci-fi journalists and produced a class so huge that Wikipedia includes more than 400 movies in the “Films no time like the present Travel” classification. Characters in movies, for example, “Specialist Who,” “Star Trek,” and “Back to the Future” jump into an insane vehicle to go back on schedule or twist into what’s to come.
After traveling through time, the players must decide what happens if you alter the past or present with information from the future (which is where time travel stories intersect with the idea of parallel universes or alternate timelines).Although many people are attracted by the prospect of altering history or seeing the future before it happens, no one has ever proved back-and-forth time travel or developed a mechanism of moving a human over considerable periods of time without destroying them in the process. In his book “Black Holes and Baby Universes” (Bantam, 1994), physicist Stephen Hawking noted, “The best evidence we have that time travel is not possible, and never will be, is that we have not been invaded by hordes of tourists from the future.”
However, science does allow for some time travel. The theory of special relativity proposed by scientist Albert Einstein, for example, suggests that time is an illusion that shifts relative to an observer. Time, with all its aftereffects (boredom, aging, etc.) will be experienced considerably more slowly by an observer traveling near the speed of light than by an observer at rest. That’s why, after a year in space, astronaut Scott Kelly aged slightly slower than his identical brother who remained on Earth.Other scientific hypotheses concerning time travel exist, such as some strange physics involving wormholes, black holes, and string theory.
Time travel, for the most part, is the subject of an ever-growing number of science fiction literature, movies, television episodes, comic books, video games, and other media.In 1905, Einstein proposed his theory of special relativity. It has become one of the core tenets of contemporary physics, along with his later development, the theory of general relativity. For objects moving at constant speeds in a straight line, special relativity addresses the link between space and time.
The theory’s brief version is deceptively straightforward. To begin with, everything is measured in relation to something else; there is no “absolute” frame of reference. Second, light travels at a constant pace. It remains constant regardless of what is measured or where it is measured from. Third, nothing has the ability to travel faster than the speed of light.Actual, real-life time travel emerges from those fundamental tenets. An observer traveling at a high rate will experience time at a slower rate than someone who isn’t.While we don’t accelerate humans to near-light speed, we do transport them around the world at 17,500 miles per hour (28,160 kilometers per hour) aboard the International Space Station. Scott Kelly, an astronaut, was born after his twin brother, Mark Kelly, who was also an astronaut. Scott Kelly was in orbit for 520 days, while Mark was in space for 54 days.
The age gap between the two guys has expanded due to the difference in the speed at which they experienced time over the course of their lives.”Whereas before I was only 6 minutes older, today I am 6 minutes and 5 milliseconds older,” Mark Kelly said in a panel discussion on July 12, 2020, as previously reported by Space.com. “Now I’ve gotten that out of his system.”
The difference in an astronaut’s life span that low earth orbit creates may be insignificant โ better suited for family jokes than true life extension or reaching the distant future โ but the time dilation between people on Earth and GPS satellites travelling through space does make a difference. The Global Positioning System, or GPS, communicates with a network of a few dozen satellites in high Earth orbit to assist us know exactly where we are. The satellites circle the planet at a speed of 8,700 mph (14,000 km/h) at a distance of 12,500 miles (20,100 kilometers).
The slower an object moves relative to another object, the slower that first object sees time, according to special relativity. According to the American Physical Society publication Physics Central, this effect removes 7 microseconds, or 7 millionths of a second, off each day for GPS satellites with atomic clocks. Then, according to general relativity, clocks that are closer to the center of a huge gravitational mass like Earth tick slower than clocks that are farther away. Because GPS satellites are far farther from the center of the Earth than clocks on the ground, each day adds 45 microseconds to the GPS satellite clocks, according to Physics Central.
The net result is an additional 38 microseconds when combined with the negative 7 microseconds from the special relativity estimate. Engineers must account for an extra 38 microseconds in each satellite’s day to maintain the accuracy needed to target your car or phone โ or, because the system is operated by the US Department of Defense, a military drone โ in order to maintain the accuracy needed to pinpoint your car or phone. The onboard atomic clocks do not advance to the next day until they have been running for 38 microseconds longer than comparable clocks on Earth.Given those figures, it would take more than seven years for a GPS satellite’s atomic clock to desynchronize from an Earth clock by more than a fraction of a second.
This type of time travel may appear as insignificant as the age difference between the Kelly brothers, but given the hyper-accuracy of modern GPS technology, it does matter. Your phone can pinpoint your exact location in space and time if it can communicate with the satellites flying overhead.
Conclusion
Yes, time travel is a viable possibility. But it’s not exactly like you’ve seen in the movies. It is possible to experience time passing at a rate other than 1 second per second under certain circumstances. And there are important reasons why we need to comprehend this type of time travel that occurs in the real world.
Wings Of Fire
You have heard of the name Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. The entire world is aware of this great human. A human without any haters. A human whose only aim was to flourish his motherland. That human who breathed all of his life only for science and humanity. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was one of the most loved and respected President of India. But before that, he was a highly talented scientist. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam did a lot of struggle in his young days. But his firm will and love for his country did not stop him from succeeding. ‘Wings Of Fire’ is a biography of Dr Kalam written by Arun Tiwari. It is one of the finest works by the writer.
The book begins with the early life of Dr Kalam from Rameshwaram in the year 1930. Dr Kalam’s family had his parents, four brothers, and one sister. This book also describes the role played by the family, relatives, society, and friends in Kalam’s life. Kalam says there was no religious discrimination in his village at that time. He says the highest priest of Rameshwaram temple was very close friends with his father, a Muslim.
At first, Dr Kalam aspired to join the Indian Army. But due to his poor physique, he couldn’t join. Instead of being demotivated, he focused on his studies and did Aeronautics. Later, he developed a hovercraft for which he was invited to NASA on a training program. But his love for his country pulled him back to the nation. He joined ISRO and there he met Dr Vikram Sarabhai. the book also sheds light on the leadership quality and teamwork of Dr Kalam and his team. He has always been an excellent leader in success and in failure. Dr Kalam said, “Great leaders absorb the failures instead of putting the blame on others.” When the space launcher was failed, Kalam took the entire blame on himself. On the contrary, when the project was successful, he gave the credits to his entire team. This reflects the greatness of this man.

The book also includes a detailed description of his work in the fields of missiles and rocketries. Some people may find this part boring but it is an important storyline of their life. It shows the success path of Dr. Kalam. His dedication and love for his country are described in one incident. When his father died he went to Rameshwaram. But he was supposed to return the other day after his father’s death. In the book, he said, he felt really bad looking at his mother and wished to stay with her for few days. But his mother herself insisted to leave and go back to his work saying the country needs you more. We cannot deny the fact that we got such a dedicated scientist not only because of his talent but also because of the support he got from everyone.
At the beginning of his career, he served the nation by bringing missiles for the safety of the nation. After his retirement, he became the President of India so that he can and he did his best for his country till his last breath. Overall, the book covers leadership behaviour, religious equality, dedication and hard work, positive approach, and patriotism of Dr APJ Abdul Kalam. There are also a lot of poems by Dr Kalam included in this book. He motivated young minds by saying โIf you want to become unique, defeat fear and become the captain of the problem. You want to become unique but the world around you is making its best efforts to make you just anybody elseโ.
Winners are not those who never fail but those who never quit.
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam
A new human ancestor : Nesher Ramla Homo
There was a recent excavation in Israel found remains of a new human ancestor that none of us knew. The remains were found at the excavation site named Nesher Ramla. The results of dating the fossil show that the fossils are about 120000-140000 years old. The members of this group played a very vital role in the evolution of today’s homo sapiens. It is highlighted that this group of species joined the Neanderthals and Denisovans whom they later interbred.
This interbreeding among these populations was the thriving force for evolution. The scientists at the sites have still not named this new ancestor and is referring to it as Nesher Ramla Homo. With the discovery of this ancestor, the human phylogenetic tree is becoming much much more complex. Earlier new ancestors were discovered from South Africa and the Philippines named Homo naledi and Homo luzonensis respectively.
Nesher Ramla Homo is predicted to be the last ancestor contributing to European Neanderthal and East Asian Homo species evolution. According to the palaeontologist, a great level of cultural mixing has taken place due to this interbreeding between the two different communities. There is a lot more to know and discover about the human race still. The above study was done by Hershkovitz from Tel Aviv University in Israel.
Music Therapy

Music is a universal language, a form of expression that knows no boundaries. Music is the most beautiful part of our lives and we cannot imagine our lives without it. Music is nothing but a combination of words, melody and rhythm. Music is everywhere, right from the sound of raindrops to the frightening thunderstorm, voice of a babbling baby to the chirping of birds. Music is like a medicine that heals wounded souls, lifts up melancholy mood, brightens up our days and light up our nights.
What is Music Therapy
Music for treating people was used in ancient days but its use as a therapy has been popularised since the last century. Music is so powerful and therapeutic that it can be used as a tool to help reduce the severity of dieseases. Every age group responds to music in a positive way that makes them feel happy and when someone is happy, his body releases Dopamine and Endorphin hormones that keeps a person in a jolly mood even though he is suffering from physical pain and illness. Music Therapy is a clinical profession that meets with the goals of individuals through musical interventions. Music Therapy treats an ailing person by reducing his stress, anxiety, fear thus helping him to recover physically, psychologically and socially.
How Music Therapy helps
In the current scenario, stress and anxiety has become the toxic friends of people. Stress and anxiety when reach a higher level might also be fatal and therefore it is extremely important to get rid of these mental toxins. Research has shown that Music Therapy works well in treating a stressful and anxious mind. Music Therapy works the best for Alzheimer and Dementia patients. These dieseases have no permanent cure yet Music Therapy has become a ray of hope for them. These dieseases disconnect the patients from everyone but music connects them to the world. Researchers found that music stimulates the brain and upon hearing music, the patients revive their connection with their surrounding.
Music provides creativity, self discovering capability, self expression to a person who eventually let go of his stress and anxiety. Through music a person can connect himself to the world that helps in overall development of his character and well being. Even in general, if we have a bad day, just listening to music makes us feel good. Music Therapy not just encourage listening to music for healing purpose but also encourage people to participate in music making, practicing music that enhances memory, develop comprehension skills, learn and value qualities like patience and will power. When participating in music making, a person also gets the opportunity to express his suppressed emotions in a creative way which would bring him utmost satisfaction. Through the lyrics of a song or rhythm and melody of music, a person can relate it to his own life experiences and process it. Also, when a person goes through Music Therapy, he is exposed to multiple genres that introduce him to different cultures through which he can learn many new things necessary for his growth as a person.
However, Music Therapy is not a dominant treatment in curing physical ailments of the body yet it is a great therapy that helps in the process of recovery. Music Therapy helps people forget pain and anxiety and in that case medicine works better and faster leading to quick recovery. A person who does not feel physically healthy often feels isolated and keeps worrying about his health which makes his health even worse. Music Therapy comes as a rescue in such cases where the person feels motivated and positive after the music sessions. Music lowers the blood pressure of the body and control heart rates that makes a person feel stable when he is not keeping in good health. Music Therapy works like magic on children who face problems while speaking. Through regular Music Therapy sessions the therapist takes care of all the requirements of the child and work on its verbal developments.
Pre – requisites of Music Therapy
Before starting with music therapy, the therapist needs to know his patients well. Without understanding the needs of his patients, the therapist won’t be able to treat them up to the desired expectation. For a therapist, it is essential to know his patients’
โ Emotional state
โ Mental strength and abilities
โ Physical well being
โ Communication skills
โ Music preferences
โ History of past trauma
โ Social relationships
Only after having an in depth knowledge of these factors, the therapist can accordingly plan the sessions so that the patients can receive the needful treatment. During the session, the therapist can assess if the designed session has any effectiveness on the patient. If the therapist observe that the patient is not not responding, he can make changes and re – design the sessions.
Benefits of Music Therapy

โ Reduction of stress and anxiety
โ Reduction of pain
โ Strong social relationships
โ Cultural awareness
โ Reduction of feeling of isolation
โ Creative expression of self
โ Strong memory
โ Light and happy mood
โ Positive approach to problem solving
โ Proper speaking skills
โ Control over emotions
Therefore music has the capacity to heal even the unseen and unknown wounds of life. Music helps us lead a stress-free life and live with a determined and positive approach. It gives us strength to face every situation that life throws on us. Music is not just a part of life but it is life itself.
TRANSGENDER.

Transgender are the ones whose gender identity doesn’t match the sex as given at the time of birth. Being transgender is not the same type as being lesbian, gay, or bisexual. Transgender people can be identified by what’s inside them as male, female, or none of these. Whether lesbian, gay, or bisexual people get to know by whom they are attracted to and to who you are feeling attached to emotionally, romantically, and sexually. There are many different terms used for transgender people to describe themselves, which are Hijra, Chhakka, Jagappa, Kinnar, Aravani, etc. They are biologically male who then identify themselves as women or not men. Transgender people showcase them in a very different kind of ways, Some dress up differently, some have different their behavior, and also manners which makes comfortable to which who they are. Some stay as unidentified as they reject to understand the differences between ‘male’ and ‘female’. so they are called transgender, genderqueer, genderfluid, etc… Some people also have surgeries so that can match their gender type.
India’s parliament has passed a bill to protect the rights of the transgender community, but the latest laws are inadequate. Trans activist has analyzed various trans rights since the first bill was passed in 2016. The new law will violate the rights of their community rather than respect. In India, trans people deserve more government recognition without any intervention and discrimination. In 2014, the supreme court gave an order that transgender will be enjoying the title of the third gender and can have equal rights as others without any further due and discrimination, while also being entitled to a special education system which also improved the status of the transgender community. And ordered that they have the right to decide or choose their unidentified gender and should be accepted by everyone. In 2015 an essential link of right to legal recognition and equality. A 19-year-old transgender man publically opened up about being harassed by his parents. so the inspector in return wrote about every person has the right to be recognized in their own gender. The new law recognizes people specifies intersex people but offers no protection. It’s the law for protecting people from doing unnecessary surgeries. Such in 2019 it got banned in Tamil Nadu.
THE FIRST TRANSGENDER OF INDIA.
Naaz Joshi is India’s first transgender to come out to be known in India. She is the first transgender international queen, a trans rights activist, and a motivational speaker. She was born in 1984 in New Delhi. Naaz is a proud mother of 2 daughters, she adopted them when her family abandoned her. She told in an interview that the younger daughter is the daughter of a 16-year-old girl who threw her child in a dustbin.
There are many more famous transgender in India:-
- Laxmi Narayan Tripathi was assigned as male at birth. She is the most inspirational and influential transgender person. She is a Bharatnatyam dancer and a social activist, her parents accepted her when she came out as a transgender woman.
- Gauri Sawant has fought for transgender rights. She left her home at the age of 18 as she didn’t want to disappoint her father. She is an activist and she is a director of Sakshi Char Chowghi trust who runs to provide counseling sessions to assist newly trans women and those with AIDs and HIV.
- Sathyashri Sharmila is the first Tamil Nadu’s first transgender lawyer in 2018 came out in public, in 2007 when she finished law studies. After that she waiting for over a decade to get registered as lawyer so that she can help the trans community who all are facing issues from decades.

Transgender people faced many problems for the past few decades, they were given names, they were getting opportunities and are excluded from many things, and were called ‘impure’. Instead of supporting, they were looked at with pity. Then though they have proven themselves in every mainstream and what others were able to do, was done by these people. So here was the few of the famous transgender who broke the barrier and proven themselves as equal.
Is Remote Working A New Normal?

As dreadful as the year 2020 was, the disarray is yet to end. With bringing new well being measures and new typical during a pandemic, quite possibly the main investigations in mankind’s set of experiences was far off working.
We as a whole will be near finishing two years telecommuting, and pandemic has now shown us how distant functioning can be possible(or not).
Notwithstanding, does it carry accomplishment to organizations? Is it another ordinary that organizations will apply forever? Are there still organizations trusting that representatives will return to the work area?
There are a few positions and work settings where far off working can not be envisioned. However, Jobs that require chipping away at PCs and PCs will go the work from home course in coming years. In such situation the idea of half and half method of working is getting predominant.
What are the advantages for associations in work from home?
This is a fascinating perspective which isn’t about workers and their usefulness. Series of lockdowns since 2020 made a feeling of confidence in the psyche of businesses. The usefulness got almost no effect where the functional expenses took a significant drop saving them assets and expanding benefit.
Particularly, the large organizations are saving a great deal in functional expenses and in this manner conveying some lump of it to representatives in type of different stipends.
Remote Working in 2021- 22 & Beyond
1. Human Bonding:
Seeing a collaborator’s face constructs a more grounded bond than hearing an incorporeal voice on a telephone call. A fundamental piece of distant working is setting clear assumptions as far as key outcome regions with explicit errands and conduct destinations. Most remarkably is the correspondence between the advancements.
2. Staying in Touch:
It is relevant for colleagues to stay in contact and routinely check with the colleagues to give essential input. Likewise, workers are roused by how
3. Challenges:
There emerges a risk of being disregarded for advancements or profession improvement openings. Moreover, distant working let you permit getting a charge out of a greater amount of work/life balance however it doesn’t.
Priming work from home
Are you unsure if remote work is right for you? Are you thinking about leading a distributed team? Workers are more contented and productive when they work remotely, according to studies, but we’re here to assist you figure out if working remotely is as nice as it seems. Read over the benefits, advantages, and problems as you evaluate it so you can make an informed decision. As specialists in dispersed work, we’ll also discuss how our teams manage the challenges of working in multiple locations, as well as how this is the way of the future.
Clearly, there is a compelling case to be made for businesses to better accommodate remote workers. It’s a growing trend, and the opportunity to work remotely is becoming a must-have for certain employeesโin North America, 74% of office workers say they’d switch jobs based on the company’s remote working policy. The advantages of having remote workers aren’t limited to the flexibility they enable people; they also assist corporations as a whole.
Advantages of Work from home
Remote working eliminates the need to drag yourself to the office. You simply need to wake up and get to work. The office-going population has long desired an alternative that would allow them to avoid the morning rush. Working from home accomplishes the same thing.
Remote working enables organizations to break down barriers to diversity by recruiting people from diverse cultural, socioeconomic, and geographic backgrounds with diverse perspectives, which can be difficult to achieve if recruitment is limited to a specific location where people may not want or be able to afford to live.
This is particularly advantageous for job seekers who live in rural areas or small towns where there are less available local employment. This would allow people who move frequently, such as military spouses, to work from anywhere instead of having to transfer employment at every dislocation.
No one can deny that today’s lifestyle has driven families apart, and anyone who is able to balance job and family deserves enormous respect. Working from home allows you to spend the majority of your time with your family. When you stay at home, you get to look after your family and don’t have to worry about them as office workers do.
Working from home is also a boon for single mothers and wives. This permits us to strike the right balance between our professional and personal life.
If you work in a metropolis or downtown, lunch is expensive. It’s not unusual to see a $15 lunch or a $4 cup of coffee in San Francisco. Going to the grocery and making food at home can save you a lot of time.
Challenges
The order in which you complete tasks at work is virtually never the same as the order in which you complete them at home. Outside of the office, it might be difficult to duplicate your schedule and routines.
My phone was set to do not disturb, and I was late for a meeting! Or maybe my boss sacked me and told me to focus on something else, and now it’s 4:45 Missing important call can be the biggest problem.
Power nap could potentially be advantageous… unless it lasts 45 minutes after your double entree Thai lunch is delivered.
The human brain has a high proclivity towards becoming distracted. When employees work from home, they are surrounded by people and activities. This generates a distraction, and it’s typical for you to be less focused on your work as a result. This may result in lower productivity than in a traditional work environment, and may even result in firing. Things have become clumsy due to the merging of business and personal lives.
What is Moral Education?
โTo educate a man in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to societyโย โ Theodore Rooseveltย
All of us have grown up hearing the stories of โThe Thirsty Crowโ and โThe Fox and the Grapesโ.ย We may have forgotten the stories, but the values still remain in our minds. From childhood itself, we have grown up hearing about moral values. And yes, they are so precious that they help us in becoming a good human being. Moral values are a set of principles that guide us throughout our lives. Moral values direct us to the right path to lead our lives. Imparting these from the early days helps one to distinguish between right and wrong. These values involve factors like loving others, helping others, respecting others, morality, honesty, etc. Finally, it helps to build a high minded person and to follow the path of righteousness. One can attain right and virtuous character only if he/she is able to follow moral values with complete honesty. Moral education should include the mental and moral development of an individual. As we grow up we keep on learning and transforming ourselves, so do our morals. We should keep in mind the fact that moral education can be effectively imparted to the younger ones mainly through examples and not by percepts. As kids are good observers, they notice everything we do. They keep on watching us, so try to be an example for them to adopt. Parents should also be aware of the type of companions they make. Teachers and parents should always monitor the behavior of kids. They should be able to apply moral values as it comes to practical life. The surrounding can also influence them, in building up moral values. Elders should remember to encourage and appreciate them for the moral virtues they hold. It motivates them to hold on to these values always. In the course of time, it becomes a part of them. The foundation should start from an early age itself, from home and is carried to the schools, colleges and also to the workplace.
The Benefits of Acquiring Moral Education are:
- Moral education helps one to distinguish between right and wrong.
- It gets reflected in oneโs personality.
- It helps in building a good personal and professional life.
- It helps to eliminate problems like violence, dishonesty, jealousy etc from oneโs life.
- It can wipe out bad influences in the society like violence, crimes, agitations, child abuse, disregarding women, etc.
- It also helps in building a positive approach to things, self-confidence, and motivation.
- It helps in finding out the true purpose of life. These values help one to be dedicated, unselfish, loving and caring for others.
The method of teaching moral values to students is universal. Teachers and parents have a key role in this. If a child misbehaves, itโs common for people to blame their parents and teachers for this. Children usually tell lies for personal gains. Teachers should give proper guidance and advice to them. They are the studentโs greatest inspirations.ย The students always tend to look at their teachers as ideal ones. So teachers should be able to be a role model for them to imbibe moral values.ย Reading moral stories can also help in developing moral values. Even students from refined and cultural families lose moral values if their companions and school environment are not proper. Children should have a strong base of moral values.ย Our curriculum must include the biographies of great personalities who followed the right path in life. If effectively implemented, Moral Education will help learners with tools of judgment making and leading them to make effective decisions and choices. Therefore, the importance of moral education is vital and also it should be an integral part of the school and college curriculum. Finally, moral values give us happiness, immense satisfaction and confidence to face life as it is. These values help to mold gentle humans who are beautiful in values and nature.
Firewall
A firewall is defined as a type of hardware & software program that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a defined set of security rules. It can be said that it acts as a barrier between internal networks and external sources. Purpose of a firewall is to prevent malicious or unwanted data traffic from entering the computer and protect computer from viruses and attacks. A firewall can be a network security device or a software program on a computer. This means that the firewall comes at both levels, i.e., hardware and software. A hardware firewall is a physical device that attaches between a computer network and a gateway. For e.g. broadband router, etc. On the other hand, a software firewall is a program installed on a computer that works through port numbers and other installed software. Apart from this, there are cloud-based firewalls. These are commonly referred to as FaaS (firewall as a service). A primary advantage of using cloudbased firewalls is that they can be managed centrally. These are best
known for providing perimeter security. Some Operating Systems like Windows 10 comes with built-in firewalls.
How does a Firewall Work & itโs functions:
A firewall system analyses network traffic based on pre-defined rules. It filters the traffic and prevents traffic coming from unreliable or suspicious sources. It only allows incoming traffic that is configured to accept. Usually, firewalls intercept network traffic at a computer’s entry point, known as a port. Firewalls perform this task by allowing or blocking specific data based on pre-defined security rules. Incoming traffic is allowed only through trusted IP addresses or sources. Firewalls have a variety of functions and capabilities with built-in features:
- Network Threat Prevention
- Application and Identity-Based Control
- Hybrid Cloud Support
- Scalable Performance
- Network Traffic Management and Control
- Access Validation
- Record and Report on Events
Limitations of Firewall:
There are some limitations to firewall which makes use of antivirus necessary. These limitations are:
- Firewalls cannot stop users from accessing malicious websites, making it vulnerable to internal threats or attacks.
- Firewalls cannot protect against the transfer of virus-infected files or software.
- Firewalls cannot prevent misuse of passwords.
- Firewalls cannot protect if security rules are misconfigured.
- Firewalls cannot protect against non-technical security risks, such as social engineering.
- Firewalls cannot stop or prevent attackers with modems from dialling in to or out of the internal network.
- Firewalls cannot secure the system which is already infected.
Types of Firewall:
There are mainly three types of firewalls, such as software firewalls, hardware firewalls, or both, depending on their structure. Each type of firewall has different functionality but the same purpose. A hardware firewall is a physical device that attaches between a computer network and a gateway. For example- a broadband router. A hardware firewall is sometimes referred to as an Appliance Firewall. Whereas, a software firewall is a simple program installed on a computer that works through port numbers and other installed software. This type of firewall is also called a Host Firewall. The following are types of firewall techniques that can be implemented as software or hardware:
- Network Layer Firewall – filtering is done based on source and destination IP addresses.
- Context Aware Application Firewall – filtering is done based on the user, device, role, application type, and threat profile.
- Proxy Server – filtering of web content requests like URL, domain, media, etc.
- Reverse Proxy Server – placed in front of web servers, reverse proxy servers protect, hide, offload, and distribute access to web servers.
- Network Address Translation (NAT) Firewall – hides or masquerades the private addresses of network hosts.
- Transport Layer Firewall – filtering is done based on source and destination data ports, and filtering based on connection states.
- Application Layer Firewall – filtering is done based on application, program or service.
- Host-based Firewall – filtering of ports and system service calls on a single computer operating system.
- Next Generation Firewall โ It has higher levels of security than packet-filtering and stateful inspection firewalls. Unlike other firewalls, this monitors the entire transaction of data, including packet headers, packet contents, and sources. They are designed in such a way that they can prevent more sophisticated and evolving security threats such as malware attacks, external threats, and advance intrusion.
- Cloud Firewalls – This type of firewall is considered similar to a proxy firewall. The reason for this is the use of cloud firewalls as proxy servers. However, they are configured based on requirements. There most significant advantage is scalability.
- Stateful Inspection Firewall – Stateful multi-layer inspection firewalls include both packet inspection technology and TCP handshake verification. These types of firewalls keep track of the status of established connections. In simple words, when a user establishes a connection and requests data, the SMLI firewall creates a database (state table). The database is used to store session information such as source IP address, port number, destination IP address, destination port number, etc. Connection information is stored for each session in the state table.
8051 Micro-Controller
Microcontrollers:ย It is a programmable integrated circuit (IC) that consists of a small CPU, RAM and I/O pins. Microcontroller units (MCUs) are widely used in many devices.
Aย microcontrollerย is a small and low-cost microcomputer, which is designed to perform the specific tasks of embedded systems like displaying microwaveโs information, receiving remote signals, etc.
The 8051 microcontroller was invented in 1980’s by Intel. Its foundation is based on Harvard architecture and this microcontroller was developed principally for bringing it to be used inย Embedded Systems. At first it was created by using NMOS technology but the use of NMOS consumed more power to work therefore Intel re-launch the microcontroller 8051 using CMOS technology and new edition came up with edition of letter ‘C’ in the title name, therefore the new modified version of microcontroller is called by name 80C51. The 8051 microcontroller programming is performed inย embedded C languageย using Keil software.
Some Features of 8051 Micro-Controller are:
- It having four register banks
- 64K bytes on-chip programmable memory (ROM)
- 128 bytes on-chip data memory (RAM)
- Address bus is 16-bit unidirectional
- Data bus is 8-bit bidirectional
- 128 user defined flags
- 16 bit timers
- 32 general purpose registers each of 8-bit
- 8051 microcontroller offers a number of special features such as ADC, UARTs, Op-amp, etc.
Architect of 8051 Microprocessor

CPU (Central Processing Unit): CPU act as a mind of any processing machine. It synchronizes and manages all processes that are carried out in microcontroller. User has no power to control the functioning of CPU. It interprets the program stored in ROM and carries out from storage and then performs it projected duty. CPU manage the different types of registers available in 8051 microcontroller.
Interrupts: Interrupts is a sub-routine call that given by the microcontroller when some other program with high priority is request for acquiring the system buses the n interrupts occur in current running program.
Types of interrupt in 8051 Microcontroller:
- Timer 0 overflow interrupt – TF0
- Timer 1 overflow interrupt – TF1
- External hardware interrupt – INT0
- External hardware interrupt – INT1
- Serial communication interrupt – RI/TI
Memory: For operation Micro-controller required a program. This program guides the microcontroller to perform the specific tasks. This program installed in microcontroller required some on chip memory for the storage of the program. Microcontroller also required memory for storage of data and operands for the short duration. In microcontroller 8051 there is code or program memory of 4 KB that is it has 4 KB ROM and it also comprise of data memory (RAM) of 128 bytes.
Busย : Bus is a group of wires which uses as a communication canal or acts as means of data transfer. The different bus configuration includes 8, 16 or more cables. Therefore, a bus can bear 8 bits, 16 bits all together. The two types of bus used in 8051 microcontroller:
- Address Bus: 8051 microcontrollers is consisting of 16 bit address bus. It is generally be used for transferring the data from Central Processing Unit to Memory.
- Data bus: 8051 microcontroller is consisting of 8 bits data bus. It is generally be used for transferring the data from one peripherals position to other peripherals.
Oscillator: As the microcontroller is digital circuit therefore it needs timer for their operation. To perform timer operation inside microcontroller it required externally connected or on-chip oscillator. Microcontroller is used inside an embedded system for managing the function of devices. Therefore, 8051 uses the two 16 bit counters and timers. For the operation of this timers and counters the oscillator is used inside microcontroller.
Application of 8051 Microcontroller:
The 8051 microcontroller applications include a large amount of machines because it is used for incorporating inside a project or to assemble a machine using it. The major applications of 8051 Microcontroller:
- Energy Management : In energy management system the measuring device is used for calculating the energy consumption in industrialized and domestic applications. These systems are manufactured by integrating the microcontrollers inside their architecture configuration.
- Automobiles : Microcontroller 8051 is to be used for providing automobile solutions. They are largely be used in hybrid motor vehicles to control engine variations.
- Touch screens: The advanced degree of microcontroller integrate the touch sensing ability within their design .Transportable devices such as cell phones, media players and gaming devices are some example of microcontroller integrated with touch screens.
- Medical Devices: Microcontroller is used in various medical devices such as glucose and blood pressure measurement machine for monitoring and measuring the exact result in real-time computational environment.
Disability In the Media: TV Shows Featuring Disabled People
Representation matters. Disability in the media matters.
According toย PBS, โPortrayals of [marginalized people] in the media not only affect how others see them, but it affects how they see themselves.โ
People with disabilities have yet to reach proportional representation on screen. More often than not, show producers seem to miss the mark on writing and casting disabled characters. Perhaps the storyline adheres to incorrect stereotypes and offensive tropes, or the show casts non-disabled people to portray disabled characters. In either case, itโs a form ofย ableism, โthe discrimination of and social prejudice against people with disabilities based on the belief that typical abilities are superior.โ Show makers must veer away from upholding ableism in media, as itโs not an adequate or appropriate representation for disabled individuals.
In this post, weโre highlighting shows that recognised the importance of disability in the media and cast actors with disabilities to play characters with disabilities.
Crip Camp: A Disability Revolution
Crip Camp: A Disability Revolution is an American documentary film that won the Audience Award at the Sundance Film Festival premiere.

The film follows Larry Allison, Judith Heumann, James LeBrecht, Denise Sherer Jacobson, and Stephen Hofmann, a group of Camp Jened campers. Camp Janed was based in upstate New York and described as a โloose, free-spirited camp designed for teens with disabilities.โ
The viewer is given a glimpse into the teen groupโs journey to becoming activists for the 1970s disability rights movement and fight for accessibility legislation.
Watch a story of activism and advocacy unfold inย Crip Camp: A Disability Revolution, available to stream on Netflix.
Deaf U
Deaf U is a Netflix reality docu-series that follows a group of deaf and hard of hearing students at Gallaudet University in Washington, DC. One of the series executive producers is Nyle DiMarco, a deaf activist, model, and actor, advocates for disability in the media and wanted to show various deaf experiences. His goal was โto show deaf people as humans, from all walks of life.โ

The show introduces cast members Cheyenna Clearbrook, Rodney Burford, Tessa Lewis, Alexa Paulay-Simmons, Renate Rose, Daequan Taylor, and Dalton Taylor โ each with different backgrounds, experiences, and stories to tell.
Overall,ย Deaf Uย offers much to both hearing and deaf individualsย and provides a unique viewing experience. One must rely heavily on the captions and subtitles if they donโt know ASL (a usual experience for deaf and hard of hearing people).
Meet the Gallaudet University students inย Deaf U, available to stream on Netflix.
The Politician

The Politician is a comedy series on Netflix that follows upper-class Santa Barbaran, Payton Hobart, in several of his political races, including a run for high school class president and New York State Senator. Paytonโs ultimate goal is to become the President of the United States one day, and his group of closest friends and political advisors will do anything to help him.
One of the series recurring characters, Andrew Cashman, is a former classmate of Paytonโs with cerebral palsy who helps him run in the New York State Senate race. Andrew Cashman, played by Ryan Haddad, who has cerebral palsy, is a cunning and charismatic character with the primary goal of impressing his high school crush, Infinity Jackson.
Catch Ryan Haddadโs performance inย The Politician, available to stream on Netflix.
Sex Education
Sex Education is a British comedy-drama series about a socially awkward teenage boy and friends who set up an underground sex therapy clinic at their high school. The series is authentic, hilarious, and relatable, doing its best to depict the unchartered territory many high school students struggle to navigate, including relationships, identity, home-life, and mental health.

In season two, the audience meets Isaac, a disabled teenage boy. Isaac, who uses a wheelchair, is a troublemaker with a massive crush on one of the series main characters, Maeve. Isaacโs character is played by George Robinson, who developed tetraplegia a few years ago after a rugby accident. With just a few appearances in Season 2 of the series, weโll hopefully get to see more of Isaacโs storyline in Season 3, set to release in late 2021.
Binge the first two seasons and get to know Isaac in Sex Education, streaming now on Netflix.
When one sees a person on screen who looks like them or has had similar life experiences, it can make a lasting impact.
These movies and television series took steps to accurately represent disability in the media by hiring actors with disabilities and avoiding harmful tropes and stereotypes. Many of the shows recognized their lack of knowledge in the space and consulted with the disabled actors when writing for their characters. This created a space for a realistic and authentic portrayal of a person with a disability, rather than one fabricated by non-disabled people.
As the saying goes,ย โNothing about us without us.โย The phrase, used by disability activists and advocates, rings true in the media and our society as a whole.
Electric Vehicles
An electric vehicle is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. An electric car such as Nissan Leaf, Ford Focus Electric or Tesla Model S, Chevrolet Volt is a great way for you to not only save money but also help contribute towards a healthy and stable environment. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts caused by fuel-based vehicles. Although, there are still a lot of vehicles running in world which makes use of ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) which means an engine which generates mechanical power by combustion of a fuel. The number of electric vehicles on road is increasing tremendously and major player in this electric vehicle segment is Tesla. Tesla is famous for Elon Musk being it’s CEO and manufacturing Luxurious Electric Vehicles with a lot of features in them like self-driving,etc. However, other motor companies are also increasing the manufacturing of Electric Vehicles like TATA Motors in India and many other.
By buying an electric car, although you may end up paying more for your vehicle, the positives greatly overshadow the negatives. However, there are still two sides to consider when youโre thinking about investing in an electric vehicle.
EVโs get their power from rechargeable batteries installed inside the car. These batteries are not only used to power the car but also used for the functioning of lights and wipers.
Electric cars have more batteries than a regular gasoline car. Itโs the same kind of batteries that are commonly used when starting up a gasoline engine. The only difference comes in the fact that in electric vehicles, they have more of them, which are used to power the engine.
Advantages of Electric Vehicles:
There are a lot of other advantages to electric vehicle apart from saving money on gas.
- No Gas- Electric cars are entirely charged by the electricity you provide, meaning you donโt need to buy any gas ever again. Driving fuel-based cars can burn a hole in your pocket as prices of fuel have gone all-time high.
- More Convinient- The electric vehicle is easy to recharge, and the best part is you will no longer need to run to the fuel station. Even a normal household socket can be used for charging an electric car.
- No Emmission- The biggest advantage of an electric vehicle is that electric cars are 100 percent eco-friendly as they run on electrically powered engines. They do not emit toxic gases in the enviornment.
- Low Maintenance- Electric cars run on electrically powered engines, and hence there is no need to lubricate the engines, anything related to the combustion engine or a ton of maintenance tasks that are usually associated with a gas engine. Therefore, the maintenance cost of these cars has come down. You donโt need to send it to the service station often as you do for a standard gasoline-powered car.
- Safer to Drive- Electric cars undergo the same fitness and testing procedures test as other fuel-powered cars. An electric car is safer to use, given their lower center of gravity, which makes them much more stable on the road in case of a collision. They are even less likely to explode in the absence of any combustible fuel or gas.
- Reduced Noise Pollution- Electric cars put a curb onย noise pollutionย as they are much quieter. Electric motors are capable of providing smooth drive with higher acceleration over longer distances.
- Battery Life- Batteries are an integral part of an electric vehicle. Most electric vehicle batteries are lithium ones, and their costs are improving every year.The full capacity of a lithium-ion battery cell should be good for 300 to 500 cycles. A good battery could last you up to ten years.
Disadvantages of Electric Vehicles:
- Recharge Point- Electric fuelling stations are still in the development stages. Not a lot of places you go to on a daily basis will have electric fuelling stations for your vehicle, meaning that if youโre on a long trip or decide to visit family in a rural or suburban area and run out of charge, it may be harder to find a charging station. You may be stuck where you are.
- High Initial Investment- As EVs are very new, you may be surprised when you take a look at the sticker price for EVs. Even the more affordable brands can be around $30,000 to $40,000.
- Short Driving Range and Speed- Electric cars are limited by range and speed. Most of these cars have a range of about 50-100 miles and need to be recharged again. You just canโt use them for long journeys as of now, although it is expected to improve in the future.
- Long Recharge Time- While it takes a couple of minutes to fuel your gasoline-powered car, an electric car takes about 4-6 hours and sometimes even a day to get fully charged.
- Battery Replacement- Depending on the type and usage of battery, batteries of almost all electric cars are required to be changed every 3-10 years.
Health and Fitness
Health can generally be measured on major three parameters: Physical, Psychological and Nutritional. Physical health means the physical appearance of a person; Nutritional health means the presence of essential nutrients in the body to fight diseases with immunity. Psychological health means the ability in a person to maintain patience, calm and composure in all circumstances of life.
Health professionals consider cancer, diabetes and several other mental and physical health issues such as depression, lethargic attitude, etc to deficiencies in fitness and well-being of a person. Unhealthy and unfit lifestyle of a person also results in premature death. Obesity and lack of physical fitness in young generation sets the stage for diabetes, heart disease, and other serious health problems.
Walking, running, cycling, playing, swimming, gardening, skipping, weight-lifting and Yoga are some of the important activities which help us maintain fit and healthy lifestyle. A person who is fit both physically and mentally is strong enough to face the ups and downs of life, and is not affected by drastic changes in the circumstances.
One should also spend time outdoors in the sun, inhaling fresh air and taking part in healthy activities. Staying active makes you stay energetic.
Out of the several components that affect oneโs health, following are the seven key physical components to ensure the overall good health, fitness and mental well-being:
- Cardiovascular/Aerobic Conditioning
- Strength Training and Muscular Development
- Stretching โ Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons
- Core Stability โ Both physical and mental
- Nutrition and Supplementation โ Balanced Diet
Eating healthy and nutrients rich food, exercising, taking sufficient sleep, avoiding intake of harmful substances are just few simple ways to stay healthy and fit. These are directly related to our mental, physical and emotional health.
Fitness and mental well-being are essential parts of a healthy life. The benefits of an active and healthy lifestyle are undeniable by all means.
Whether you decide to increase your activity levels slightly or develop and participate in a thorough fitness plan, it will pay you off in the long run. Exercise is good for your health of various organs of your body and makes you feel stronger.
Nutrition and fitness are essential for a healthy living. Not only we look and feel good, but by eating the right nutritional food and doing the right amount of exercise, we could also lower the chances of getting some pretty serious life-threatening diseases.
Things to be done for maintaining balanced healthy and fit lifestyle:
- Keeping body hydrated โ Drink ample water
- Washing hands before and after meals โ Maintain sanitation
- Regular exercise
- Intake of nutrients
- Regular, sound sleep
Conclusion: Sound health not only means keeping a health body but it also includes a healthy mental condition. Our health depends upon several factors such as food, pollution, regular sleeping habits, fresh air, water, sunlight, and healthy mental condition. Morning walks and physical exercises are very helpful for ensuring the fitness of our mind and body.
THE BEAUTY OF RAIN
Rain is one of the most beautiful moments of nature. Rain is the falling of water from the clouds coming back to the earth, which is taken indirectly by the sun. Rain is a very beautiful moment that can enhance any person, and is able to make many people to admit it as a great blessing of God bestowed upon man by him in some specific time. Nature is beautiful and it has many forms, and scenes, each of which is different to one another and varies in their beauty. Rain is one of them that give a real feeling of happiness and gratitude in a sad or mournful time. There are various ways to enjoy rainy days. You can sit in your balcony and sip on tea while enjoying the whether. Moreover, you may go in the garden or terrace and bathe in it. Make paper boats and take a long drive on the road as well.
Rainy days are different from any other day. They hold great importance for everyone differently. People have different reasons to wait for the rainy season. No matter what the whether may be, a rainy day relaxes and soothes our soul. There are no age limits to enjoy rainy days people of almost every age enjoy it equally.

As stated earlier, rainy days are enjoyed by people of all ages. The kids are probably the most excited lot of all. Rainy days bring pleasant weather and uplift the moods of kids. Moreover, it gives them a chance to step out and play in the rain, jump in the puddles and make paper boats. Similarly, for students, a rainy day means a break from school. It gives them a break from their monotonous routine as the school declares a holiday. The joy of giving to school on a rainy day enjoying the weather and then realizing the school is closed is one of a kind experience. The students become relaxed and spend their day doing other activities like going out with friends and more. Most importantly, we see rainy days are of utmost importance for farmers. It is quite essential for the production of crops. It provides them with adequate water to make their crops flourish which will eventually benefit them.
Nature
A fresh, afternoon shower soothes our soul and rekindles our enthusiasm. The rain drops resting on the trees and flowers, and the chirping of a thousand unknown birds provide a surreal feeling to our minds. The sound of rain on tin roofs and the refreshing petrichor acts as a balm for our tired souls. Something is astonishing and beautiful in observing cats and dogs as they run inside sheds to shelter themselves from the torrential downpour. Rainy days are like recesses between our exhausting routines. We are all creatures of Mother Nature, and it takes very little to bring out our anarchic selves. Rainy days are those rare times when we take our eyes off our phones and gadgets and experience nature in all its glory. Few people can resist running to their balcony to take in the smell of rain. It fills our mechanical hearts with a strange warmth. The small raindrops on windowpanes and dandelions shine like pearls in the late sunlight. Rain comes with thunder and lighting. The grey clouds darken the usual azure palate and guard the sun. Every dark cloud has a silver lining, and that renews our hope and inspires us.
Rainy days are perfect for introverts. They would cuddle up with blankets and a warm cup of coffee and their favorite book. They would plug in their earphones and listen to songs.
Learning Disability (LD)
A child with a learning disability finds difficulty in reading, listening, speaking, understanding mathematical concepts, and with general comprehension. It is a neurological condition that affects the brain’s ability for sending, receiving, and processing information. It is important to make a note that LD is not a cause of physical or mental illness, economic or cultural background. Neither indicates that the child is weak or lazy. Some children that begin with slow learners but cope with their studies in the future don’t fall under LD. Children’s approach to a specific type of learning is not LD but a child’s interest.ย
Causes of Learning Disability
There is no specific cause of LD. However, there are certain factors that can lead to learning disabilities.
- Heredity: It is seen that the child with parents who had LD is likely to grow the same as well.
- Illness during pregnancy or after birth: If a child had injuries during or after birth is likely to grow LD. Other causes such as drug or alcohol consumption during pregnancy, physical trauma, poor growth in the uterus, low birth weight, and premature or prolonged labor also result in LD.
- Stress as an infant: If an infant had a stressful incident after birth such as high fever, head injury, or poor nutrition, then the child can grow LD.
- Environment: Excessive exposure to toxins such as lead can be a cause of LD.
- Comorbidity: Children with LD have higher chances of attention problems or disruptive behavior problems. 25% of children with reading disabilities also have ADHD. Similarly, 15 to 30% of children with ADHD have a learning disability.
During regular physiological development, children acquire basic sets of basic cognition and motor skills. If the child has any delay or gap in this development then it can be a sign of LD.
Sings and symptoms

To diagnose this condition a series of well-researched and proven tests and assessments have to be conducted. Generally, 5% of school children have LD. A child with a learning disability might also have ADHD as well. The symptoms of LD may vary from person to person during every stage of childhood. Commons signs of LD are listed as,
- Problems with reading and or writing
- Difficulty with mathematics
- Weak memory
- Difficulty in being attentive
- Trouble to follow directions
- clumsy behavior
- Unable to understand and tell time
- Unorganized
A child with LD will also have one or more of the following symptoms.
- The child might make impulsive decisions
- Isolate themselves
- Get easily distracted
- Unable to say a word correctly or express
- Poor performance in school
- Unable to speak properly or complete sentences
- Lack of concentration
- Unable to go with changes in schedules or situations
- Difficulty in understanding words or concepts
Treatment
LD is diagnosed after multiple tests conducted by a group of specialists. They include child psychologists, special educators, pediatricians, or child psychiatrists. A clinical psychologist will conduct special intelligence tests that determine whether the child’s intellectual functioning is normal or not. Special educator assesses the child’s academic achievements with the help of standard education tests. These tests assess the areas of reading, spelling, written language, and mathematics. The counselor focuses on the behavioral issues that a child might have. When LD is detected, a pediatrician will enquire about the child’s performance in school and provide guidance to parents to get their child’s psycho-educational assessment done. Child psychiatrist checks whether there exist any symptoms of ADHD as there are higher chances of its coexistence. All of these, together contribute to treating children with learning disabilities.
Last words
A child with a learning disability is no different than any other child. It is just a neurological problem that can be treated with professionals help. It is important to give attention to this problem as it might be a big problem when the child is grown up. A number of medical and professional treatments are available to cope up with this issue. We should not ignore this matter and treat the issue as soon as possible. Because if it is left untreated then the children may lose the ability to cope up with the disability when they grow old.
Women Education in India
Education is our birth right. Education is essential for every human being as it makes our lives better and worth living. Therefore schooling has become a norm and children at the age of 4 starts attending school. But in many areas of the country, still, if the child is a girl, then there are many hindrances to her access to education. The common perception is that the girls of the family will get married one day and would not contribute to the financial needs of the family. This is a disheartening picture and it is very essential to make people understand that education of women is a fundamental right just like men.
No society can progress without the contribution of women. Therefore women needs to be educated. Education is the first step to provide a woman the power to choose a life she wants to lead. An educated woman becomes aware of her rights and raise her voice against exploitation, discrimination or any form of injustice. The struggle to promote women education has begun long time back and even in the 21st century it is still continuing. When talking about women education in India, the mention of Savitribai Phule and her husband Jyotirao Phule has to be made who established India’s first school for girls in Pune in the year 1848.
Importance of Women Education
Self Reliance : An educated woman need not depend on a third person for her survival.
Elimination of crime against women : Education is a vital weapon in eliminating crimes and evils against women. Social customs such as dowry, female infanticides and other harmful practices can be eradicated through women education when the women of the country stand up together against such practices.
Woman empowerment : Education makes a woman aware of her rights and duties and enables them to respond to the challenges in a bold way.
Improvised standards of living : When a woman earns, she can utilize her money on her own and no other males would have a say on that. Women Education elevates the standard of living of the family.
Prevents social exclusion : Uneducated women or a girl child is likely to work as a domestic help or in extreme cases become a victim of flesh trade over the opposite gender and these women often get secluded in society.
Contribution to the welfare of society : Educated women gets themselves involved in developmental activities and work for the progress of the country. Women like Kalpana Chawla, Kiran Bedi, Mother Teresa, Mary Kom set a classic example.
Sadly, there are many barriers of Women Education in India.
Barriers of Women Education
1. Lack of consciousness among some women to be educated : Some women are not aware that education is important for them. This maybe because of the environment where they were born and brought up with the so called notion that she is supposed to be in the kitchen and not in school and women happens to believe that it is her fate.
2. Lack of safe transportation for school going girls : Due to lack of safe transportation to go to school, parents hesitate to send their daughters to school. Now this barrier is common for everyone whether it is a rural or urban area.
3. Financial constraints of the family : If the family of a woman cannot afford the education expense, they would pull her out of school. The education of the son is always given preference than the daughter.
4. Unwillingness of parents to send girl child to school : Some parents don’t want their daughters to attend schools and colleges. Some families still think that daughters are a burden and believe that the sooner they are married off, the better. Education never comes into the scenario in such cases.
5. Early marriage : Education of women is stopped when she gets married. Some families allow their daughter-in-law to continue their study after marriage but it is very rare. 10 out of 100 families do that. In most cases, when girls gets married early, their education stops then and there.
6. Conservative mentality : It is very sad to see people having low mentality towards women education. Some believe that if a girl is too educated, it would be difficult to search a groom for her. Also it is a well known fact that Indian families spend more money on a girl’s marriage than on her education. The married life of a woman is always given more importance than her career.
Women Education in India can be improved when
. We do not consider a girl to be a burden.
. People should stop thinking that cooking, laundry and other household activities are woman’s job.
. People should stop categorizing women as inferior.
. Encourage people to send their daughters to school without discrimination.
. Encourage people to not stop the education of a girl just because she got a great match and needs to get married.
Popular quotes on Women Education
“When women are educated, their country become stronger and more prosperous.” – Michelle Obama
” Young women who want education will not be stopped.” – Frieda Pinto
” To educate girls is to reduce poverty.” – Kofi Annan
Women Education contributes to the overall development and progress of our country. A society lacks behind if the women are not happy. Education is the master key to open the doors of development and it is high time for the society to acknowledge it.
War both within and at border: Lakshya
Hrithik Roshan, Preity Zinta, and Amitabh Bachchan star in Lakshya, a coming-of-age film. Farhan Akhtar’s second film as a filmmaker is set against a fictionalized setting of the 1999 Kargil War.
Lakshya is a film starring Hrithik Roshan about the lives and experiences of an army guy.
About Lakshya
Lakshya (English: Aim) is a 2004 Bollywood war drama film directed by Farhan Akhtar and produced by Ritesh Sidhwani, starring Hrithik Roshan, Amitabh Bachchan, and Preity Zinta. Lieutenant (later acting Captain) Karan Shergill is played by Hrithik Roshan, who transforms from an aimless young man to an army officer. It’s a coming-of-age drama set against the fictitious backdrop of the Kargil War of 1999.
Plot
Hrithik Roshan’s character, Karan Shergill, is a slacker and aimless young man from Delhi with no plans for the future. His father, Sanjeev Shergill (Boman Irani), is a prosperous businessman, and his brother, Udesh Shergill, is a successful American. Romila Dutta (Preity Zinta), commonly known as Romi, a student activist and aspiring journalist, tells him he needs to choose a goal in life out of good intentions. Karan takes the Combined Defence Services Examination despite his parents’ objections when his friend Parvesh reveals his intention to join the Indian Army.
Karan is accepted into the Indian Military Academy, despite the fact that his friend declines. He is, however, undisciplined and unaccustomed to life in such environment. Because of his arrogance and laziness, he is constantly chastised by the training staff. He flees the academy, enraged, and is forced to confront his parents’ disapproval of him. Romi gets enraged and breaks up with him since he does not respect his own decision. Karan, distraught, ultimately accepts his condition and takes his decision. He returns to the IMA, accepts his punishment, develops into a focused, disciplined officer cadet, and is finally commissioned as a Lieutenant in the Indian Army.
Karan is assigned to the Punjab Regiment’s 3rd battalion, which is led by Col. Sunil Damle (Amitabh Bachchan). The battalion is based in Ladakh’s Kargil. Karan returns home on leave and is heartbroken to learn that Romi is engaged, but his time is cut short when an outbreak of hostilities in Kargil forces him to return to his regiment.He returns to his battalion and is promoted to the position of acting Captain. Col. Damle gives the officers an update on the situation, revealing that a group of infiltrators has crossed the Line of Control (LoC) from Pakistan and is now occupying a series of mountain peaks on the Indian side of the border.
The battalion has been tasked with securing Position 5179, a strategic vantage point overlooking the army’s primary supply route, National Highway 1D. The mountain’s northern side is on the Pakistani side of the LoC, its western side has a 1000-foot steep rock face, and its southern side is 3 kilometers of open ground with no cover. As a result, the battalion decides to strike from the mountain’s eastern flank. The assault’s first phase is successful. The enemy’s screening troops are destroyed, and Karan is commended for his valor in saving another officer’s life. Meanwhile, Romi is assigned as a war correspondent to Kargil.Romi travels to Kargil, where she encounters a changed Karan and begs for forgiveness.
Karan, on the other hand, is hesitant to reciprocate her affections because he believes she is engaged. The battalion attacks the mountain’s peak in the second phase of the assault, but fails to seize it due to Pakistan’s strategic advantage and heavy artillery. The unit loses a large number of casualties. Brigadier Puri (Amrish Puri) summons Col. Damle and instructs him 48 hours to conquer the peak; if he fails to do so, the battalion in charge of Point 5179 would be transferred to another unit. Col. Damle then commands a group of 12 officers and men (including Karan) to scale the 1000-foot cliff on the mountain’s western side and flank the German stronghold.
From the eastern side, artillery assistance will be offered. Karan realizes that by capturing the summit, he has finally found his aim. Karan also finds out about Romi’s failed engagement and professes his love for her. Romi assures Karan that she will wait for him whether or not he returns.The troop goes out on their objective and comes under fire while traveling through a grass field toward the rock face. The team finds and eliminates a Pakistani mortar unit in the field, but their commanding officer and a number of other soldiers are killed. The team’s radios have also been destroyed, preventing them from communicating with battalion headquarters. Only six of the original 12 are still alive.
They make the decision to carry on with the mission. During the night, they successfully scale the cliff and attack the Pakistani position. Although Karan is injured and the team loses three more guys, their assault is successful. The next morning, Karan limps to the summit, where he plants the Indian flag and fires a flare to alert Col. Damle that the mountain has been taken.Karan leaves a military hospital and reunites with his parents and Romi towards the end of the film. Romi inquires as to what his next goal is now that he has achieved his ‘Lakshya.’ “You,” Captain Shergill responds, and they embrace.Colonel Sunil Damle and Subedar Major Pritam Singh pay tribute to martyrs at the end of the film.
Conclusion
The film earned critical acclaim and became a cult war film, and it is still a fan favorite among moviegoers.
PARIS: THE CITY OF LOVE.
What is the first comes in your mind when hear about Paris? Love, right? A city filled with french people and also says that this city is called ‘City of Love’,every wedded couple would go to Paris for its honemoon vacation.This places has that essence of love romantic stufs in its thin air. It’s not the random people of gave this place a name ‘city of love, it is describes by those who visited the capital city of France, and says that it give all sorts of romantic vibes. With city og love its been a given name of ‘City of Lights’. The city is well emblazed with lights. The Paris the first city to adopt street light. This is not only the city of love and romance but also home to Art, Music, Fashion, Cafe Culture and it also known for its elegance and its been spreading throughout.

WHY PARIS IS CALLED CITY OF LOVE?
- Effiel tower is the French landmark which is easily seen from any corner of the city which is from a garden or a view from a hotel room, the uniqueness about this tower is we can have leisure time on this unique tower from down to dusk and in any sort of season. You may know Effiel tower is the second-best place to propose?! yes it is. It is a must-visit place for couples as it is a lover’s point, a date place and a wedding place too.
- There is a love lock bridge in Paris. this bridge is a resemblance to how beautiful this bridge is even though there aren’t any locks. 4 years ago this the bridge where lovers used to attach the locks to the railing for their remembrance. there were hundreds and thousands of locks on it which encouraged tourists and couples to click selfies with it which led to some serious accidents. This bridge was constructed in 1801 and connects the institute de France and the central square of Louvre.
- The French language is known as the romantic language of the world. This language is so mesmerizing and every phrase of it is romantic and soothing in its own way. henceforth, French is an expensive language. This language is quite attractive, it says that those who speak french has different facial expression while speaking and has hand gestures while speaking.
- The best thing about France is its food. The baked goods served around are the best things. It smells so good and seductive, one can’t resist stopping by a patisserie. The aroma of vanilla and caramel is wholesome and spread around the city. The famous of all are:- bagauttes, macarons, croissants, eclair, etcโฆโฆ..
- The calm and soothing atmosphere makes afternoon or evening date best and perfects at Parisian bistros, the outdoor sitting gives the essence of liveliness. Most bistros have red or dark lovable themed interiors.

So, guys this was my queue. Do like and share. And yess Paris is a beautifull place to travel for the ones, those who are in search of love, art, culture, and romance.
Some Unheard Phobias
Eisoptrophobia
Eisoptrophobia is the fear of mirrors. People having this phobia cannot look at themselves in the mirrors or any other reflective surfaces.
Xanthophobia
Xanthophobia is the fear of yellow colour. People having this phobia seems to get terrified seeing a yellow colour flower or a school bus and many more such yellow coloured things. They always try to avoid seeing the colour yellow at all costs.
Arachibutyrophobia
Arachibutyrophobia is the fear of sticking peanut butter sticking to the roof of your mouth. People having this fear avoid eating peanut butter in any form.
Globophobia
Globophobia is the fear of balloons. People having this phobia tend to run away even at the sight of a balloon.
Anemophobia
Anemophobia is the fear of winds. People having this phobia gets triggered by air vents and even hair dryers.
Ablutophobia
Ablutophobia is the constant fear of cleaning, washing and bathing. It is a very uncommon phobia.
Lepidopterophobia
Lepidopterophobia is the fear of butterflies. People having this phobia says that they get triggered by seeing the pattern on the wings of the butterflies.
Trypophobia

Trypophobia is the fear of holes and circles. Extensive research is taking place on Trypophobia. People having Trypophobia are trigger by the image (and many such similar images) shown below.
Chromophobia
Chromophobia is the fear of colours. People having this phobia has a negative stimulus for colours and has also reported hormonal imbalances.
Turophobia
Who does not like a double cheese margarita pizza? The truth is people who have Turophobia hates it. They often get nauseated even at the sight of cheese.
New show/films two watch on Netflix in 2021
Earlier, Netflix has announced 41 new India titles today, these include 13 films, 15 series, four documentaries, six stand-up comedy specials and three reality TV shows. Bollywood celebrities like Sonakshi Sinha, Taapsee Pannu, Jitendra Kumar, Arjun Rampal, Kartik Aaryan, Dhanush, Sanya Malhotra, Neena Gupta, Arjun Kapoor, Kapil Sharma, Manoj Bajpayee, Madhuri Dixit Nene and more will be seen on the streaming website in different shows and webseries.
13 NEW FILMS
Ajeeb Daastaans โ from Karan Johar, with director Neeraj Ghaywan (RELEASED)
Bulbul Tarang โ starring Sonakshi Sinha
Dhamaka โ starring Kartik Aaryan
The Disciple โ from Chaitanya Tamhane(RELEASED)
Haseen Dillruba โ starring Taapsee Pannu, Vikrant Massey (RELEASED)
Jaadugar โ starring Jitendra Kumar
Jagame Thandhiram โ starring Dhanush(RELEASED)
Meenakshi Sundereshwar โ starring Sanya Malhotra
Milestone โ from Ivan Ayr
Navarasa โ from Mani Ratnam
Pagglait โ starring Sanya Malhotra(RELEASED)
Penthouse โ from AbbasMustan
Sardar Ka Grandson โ starring Neena Gupta, Arjun Kapoor(RELEASED)
15 NEW SERIES
Aranyak โ starring Raveena Tandon
Bombay Begums โ from Alankrita Shrivastava(RELEASED)
Decoupled โ starring Madhavan
Delhi Crime: Season 2 โ an International Emmy winner
Feels Like Ishq โ starring Radhika Madan, Tanya Maniktala, Zayn Marie Khan, Neeraj Madhav
Finding Anamika โ starring Madhuri Dixit Nene
Jamtara: Season 2 โ from National Award-winning director Soumendra Padhi
Kota Factory: Season 2 โ from The Viral Fever
Little Things: Season 4 โ starring Mithila Palkar
Mai โ from Anushka Sharma
Masaba Masaba: Season 2 โ starring Neena Gupta, Masaba Gupta
Mismatched: Season 2 โ starring Prajakta Koli
Ray โ from director Abhishek Chaubey(RELEASED)
She: Season 2 โ from Imtiaz Ali
Yeh Kaali Kaali Ankhein โ starring Shweta Tripathi
SIX COMEDY SPECIALS
Untitled Aakash Gupta stand-up special
Comedy Premium League
Untitled Kapil Sharma stand-up special
Untitled Prashasti Singh stand-up special
Untitled Rahul Dua stand-up special
Untitled Sumukhi Suresh stand-up special
FOUR DOCUMENTARIES
Crime Stories: India Detectives โ set in Bengaluru
House of Secrets: The Burari Deaths โ from Leena Yadav
Indian Predator โ from Vice Media, India Today
Searching for Sheela โ from Karan Johar
THREE REALITY TV SHOWS
The Big Day: Collection 2 โ from Condรฉ Nast India
Fabulous Lives of Bollywood Wives: Season 2 โ from Karan Johar
Social Currency โ from Fazila Allana, Kamna Menezes
Netflix just made our pandemic and lockdown more interesting and fun.
WATER AND THE HUMAN BODY
Water is an essential nutrient that our body requires every day. Without water human life cannot be sustained. Water deprivation kills faster than lack of any other nutrient. People don’t realize the important role of water in the body function.Water facilitates the transportation system of the body. It is the medium by which all the other nutrients and other essential elements are distributed to every part of the body. Water also transports the waste from the body. The body looses water in the form of swear during exercise and vigorous physical activity. It is also lost a urine which accounts for three quarters of the body water loss. Dark yellow urine indicates dehydration and means that we should consume more water.
Water comes from a variety of sources. All beverages, juices and fluids we consume are sources of water for our body. Even solid food contains water. Vegetables such as cucumber, lettuce and celery may have up to 90% water. Protein rich food such as meat and fish could contain two-thirds to one half of their water. Even carbohydrates like grains, although do not appear to be watery could contain water as much as one third of their weight. fats such as butter or margarine contain very little water. Some water may come from within our body because of energy metabolism but the amount is insignificant. Although juices, milk and beverages increase fluid intake but plain water is the best source. Most beverages contain some sugar, natural or added, this will have an effect on our body weight. Drink water throughout the day at regular intervals. If we consume too much water just before going to bed, it may interfere with the sleep. Feeling of tiredness and migraine, even without other symptoms, may indicate dehydration. It would help to sip one or two glasses of water. If this feeling does not go off then it will be due to some other reasons and require medical assistance.
Percentage of water in human body

According to H.H Mitchell. Journal of Biological Chemistry 158, the brain and heart are composed of 73% of water, and the lungs are about 83% of water. The skin contains 64% of water, muscles and kidneys are 79% and even the bones are watery about 31%.
Each day human must consume a certain amount of water to survive. Of course, this varies according to age and gender, and also by where someone lives. Generally, an adult male needs about 3 liters per day while an adult female needs about 20.2 liters per day. In general, women have a lower body water percentage than men. This is because women have more tissue than man. The ideal percentage for adult women will fluctuate between 45 and 60%, while the ideal percentage for adult men will be between 50 and 65% of the total body. All of the water a person needs does not have to come from drinking liquids, as some of this water is contained in the food we eat.
What happens if we don’t consume water
Any deficit in normal body water-through dehydration, sickness, exercise or heat stress can make us feel rotten. First we feel thirsty and fatigue, and may develop a mild headache. This eventually gives was to grumpiness, and mental and physical decline.
Disadvantages of water
It is said that too much consumption of water can lead to fluid overload in the body and imbalance in the body. Excess water can lead to lower sodium levels in the body, which may further lead to nausea, vomiting, cramps, fatigue, etc. This condition is known as hyponatremia.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common neurological development disorder. This problem is usually common in childhood but it may last till adulthood as well. Children with ADHD find difficulty in concentrating, might make impulsive decisions, and even be overly active. This neurological disorder can be seen between as early as 3 to 6 years of age. This can continue till adulthood. Adults when are left undiagnosed may have a history of poor academic performance, problems at work, or failed relationships. Though it is a quite common problem still not many people give importance to ADHD. To avoid future problems for your child it is important to treat this issue. But for the treatment, one should be aware of the signs and symptoms.
Signs and Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Majorly ADHD has 3 key symptoms. Some people might possess only one of the symptoms while some may have more. Generally, children have combined types of ADHD. Preschool children with ADHD are usually hyperactive. Inattention, unfocused motor activity, or impulsivity is normal but ADHD people find it quite often and more severe.
Now let’s understand the 3 key symptoms distinctly.
Inattention
- easily distracted
- unable to follow directions or complete the tasks assigned
- don’t pay attention, don’t listen, and make careless mistakes
- easily forget about daily activities, and are unorganized
- don’t like sitting still and tend to lose things quite often
Hyperactive-Impulsive
- can’t sit quietly
- don’t play calmly
- always running, climbing, or doing things that demand hyper activeness
- excessive talking
- always ready to do work
- lack patience
- causes interruption
Adulthood symptoms
- are often late and easily forget things
- anxiety, mood swings, and depression
- unorganized, trouble at work, unable to control anger and easy frustration
- make impulsive decisions and easily gets boredom
- addictions, depression, and relationship problems
- Unable to concentrate while reading
Causes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Generally, ADHD tends to run in family bloodline. As a result, it is present in the genes of a child as well. Unbalanced release of brain chemicals is another cause of ADHD. Areas of the brain that are responsible for controlling brain actions are less active in these children. Lack of nutrition, infections, smoking, drinking and substance abuse during pregnancy can affect the baby. Toxins such as lead can affect a child’s brain development. Problem with the frontal lobe of the brain results in uncontrollable impulses and emotions.
How to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

According to the research, the multimodal approach is considered the best way to treat ADHD. This method includes multiple approaches for treatment. It is very important to keep close contact with doctors, teachers, parents, and therapists. Medications are available to treat hyper activeness, impulsive behavior, and improve attention span as well. Though there are some controversies regarding the overuse of these medications. This is because mostly stimulants are commonly prescribed medicines for this purpose.
Final words
To conclude, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is an important issue. We must not ignore this problem and give proper treatments at an early stage of life so as to avoid future problems in your child. With proper treatment and medical care, a child can easily and entirely overcome this issue. Without treatment, it is difficult for children to develop social skills. Adults find troubles in relationships and can even get addict to substances.
Meet Ham : The first Chimp in Space
On 31st March 1961, A chimpanzee named Ham was sent to space. NASA was later planning to send a human into Earthโs orbit. With Hamโs help, the project to send a human into earthโs orbital became successful. The competition was getting ignited between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had previously sent a dog to space and thus proving that mammals can survive in space. And this was how the โchimp in spaceโ project was born. Hamโs space flight lasted 16 ยฝ minutes and he spent a total of 6 ยฝ ย minutes in gravity.
NASA used to call Ham โNumber 65โ as they thought that media and viewers will cling to a cute name and thus he was never called Ham until he arrived safely from space. Ham was given hardcore training by NASA so that Ham would survive in space.
On 31st January 1961, he was strapped to his capsule called the bio pack, he was also attached with biosensors. He was monitored using computers by NASA officials. Hamโs capsule was cracked due to the high speed and there was a loss of air pressure. Also, Ham landed 132 miles away in the Atlantic ocean from the predicted landing spot it took the recruited USS donner hours to search for harm but at last, he was rescued it was reported that due to the crack Ham was at high risk and was saved only by his suit.
After the space mission, it was reported that Ham was reluctant to sit back in that space chair. The data collected from Hamโs mission was really helpful to send Alan Shepher Jr., the First American in space in May 1961.
After the mission, Ham was sent to a zoo in Washington DC where he lived 17 years in solitude and 3 years with other chimpanzees. Unfortunately, he died on 19 January 1983 at the age of 25 (which is too young for a chimpanzee) His body was buried at the International Space Hall of Fame, New Mexico. Also, his skull is preserved at the National Museum of Health and Medicine in Maryland.
Curfew of a lifetime!
Curfew of a lifetime!

The pandemic pushed many governments to officially put curfews on their citizens for a specified amount of time. And this grew concerns about economy, trade, tourism and what not. But many of us live with curfews almost all the time. Especially young women are faced with taunts from warden, tons of calls from parents and a collective tension of almost the whole society when they are out late.
The fear of nighttime and the predators that lurk in the darkness is a widespread cultural preoccupation. In many societies, women were made to stay home at night, not only to protect themselves but also to ensure that they didn’t engage in morally suspect behavior. Many communities, including in India, adopted this notion that ‘respectable‘ women don’t go out at night.
This mindset isn’t a thing of the past though. Even today if a crime is committed against a women then many questions are raised against the character or the intent of the women herself. Sensationalized reporting of sexual violence against single, middle class women fuels the paranoia and thus becomes a justification for the authority figures to impose restrictions for the ‘good‘ girls.
Instead of taking up steps to make the society a safer place, families and educational institutions impose curfews and other restrictions on women under the guise of protecting them. These end up restricting women’s access to extracurricular activities, libraries and even canteens. Studies conducted across India’s top universities found that most parents would not send their daughters to study in other cities if girls’ hostels didn’t have curfews. But its not just educational institutions, even professional environments reflect this fear of letting women out at night. Although women do work night shifts in sectors like BPO and hospitality, in one study 53 per cent of them reported feeling unsafe working those shifts while 86 per cent of them complained about lack of adequate transport provided by their employers. In many cases, parents try to prevent their daughters from taking up jobs which require them to be out after sunset.
But the fact is that women aren’t unsafe only at night. Women are unsafe round the clock, at home or at school, office, markets, everywhere. If we’re concerned about their safety we need to work and tackle the conditions that make it unsafe for women. Indian movements like ‘Pinjra Tod‘ and ‘Why Loiter‘ have been fighting against the sexist curfews. They are also questioning the respectability that a woman must embody to be out after dark, such as ‘dressing modestly‘ or being escorted by a male relative or having a ‘good reason’ to be out at night.
We need to start taking women’s safety seriously in a way that doesn’t limit our individual freedom, but enables our mobility. Let’s try to make nighttime, public spaces and various modes of transport safe for everyone when we move out of our respective lockdowns.
PERSPECTIVES ON REINCARNATION OF RELIGIONS
My article for this issue elaborates, the topic of reincarnation is one that has fascinated me for many years, ever since a childhood tragedy led to me to reflect upon and question deeply what I had been taught on the topic of the afterlife by the religious tradition in which I was raised. That I am not alone in having a fascination with this topic is evidenced by the sheer volume of popular books and articles on the idea of rebirth produced and consumed every year. While it is a mainstream idea in those parts of the world where the Dharma traditions (Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism) predominate, recent opinion surveys have shown that as many as one in five Americans also profess a belief in some form of reincarnation. Scholars are not exempt from this widespread interest. Indeed, there would seem to be an upswing in scholarly interest in this topic, as the articles in this special issue indicate. This interest ranges from the historical, to the literary, to the theological and philosophical. The articles gathered here raise varying questions from equally varying perspectives on the topic of reincarnation. What do particular traditions and texts teach about reincarnation? How is reincarnation conceptualized differently in different religious and cultural contexts? These are questions of a more historical and descriptive variety. What evidence can be presented either for or against reincarnation as a really occurring phenomenon, and not merely a subject of personal belief? What philosophical or theological arguments can be marshalled either for or against the idea of reincarnation? These are questions about the veracity of claims regarding reincarnation, about whether or not there really is such a thing, and what it might mean to answer this question either affirmatively or negatively. The articles collected here take up these questions, and more, providing a broad (though I would not say comprehensive) overview of this topic. The primary focus of the articles in this collection has been upon reincarnation as approached from either Hindu or Christian perspectives. These are two traditions whose adherents have engaged with one another on this topic with some frequency. For many Hindus, some version of the doctrine of reincarnation is axiomatic, and foundational to spiritual practice. For Christians, reincarnation has been a vexed issue, with many Christians being attracted to the idea from the earliest days of the church to the present, but with the mainstream of the tradition rejecting the idea as incompatible with foundational Christian teachings. It has thus been a natural topic of Hindu-Christian polemics. Some of these polemics have been described in articles found in this collection (e.g., the articles by Nalini Bhushan, Gรฉrard Colas, and Usha Colas-Chauhan), while other articles in this collection are themselves contributions to this polemical literature (e.g., the article by Bradley Malkovsky, which argues from a Christian perspective, and my own, which argues from a Hindu perspective). Some of the articles collected here describe, in depth, articulations of rebirth that arise from particular Hindu texts and traditions (e.g., the articles of Gerald Larson, Jonathan.
Animal Farm: Book Review

Eric Arthur Blair, one of the best novelist of all time according to me and for many other novel readers. I think, I should have used the correct name to introduce him GEORGE ORWELL one of the best of all time and now no one will disagree, right?
When I first heard the name of the book Animal Farm I refused to read it just because of its title, I thought it is going to be the story of animals basically for kids, but my friend kept pushing me to read it, I was only convinced to read it because it had only 90 pages and I do not have to worry about my time or energy either.
After reading about 30 pages I got confused a bit, I was hoping it to be a kid book with a bed time story but it was something else George Orwell was talking about animals and its struggle but somehow in my mind I have created an image with animals as normal people and humans as government and slowly I was soaked into the story.
Story starts with Mr Jones of manor Farm who came home drunken and forgot to feed his livestock. The ensuring rebellion under the leadership of pigs Napoleon and Snowbell leads to the animals taking over the farm. Vowing to eliminate the terrible inequities of the farmyard, the renamed Animal Farm is organized to benefit all those who walk on four legs. But as time passes, the ideals of the rebellion are corrupted, then forgotten. And something new and unexpected emerges.
He emphasize on learning, reading and writing and how can the government manipulate if you donโt know how to read, and how can anyone play with you emotionally, writer has touched very tiny things during democracy and aristocracy. And if people are not aware their democracy can be converted into aristocracy. These words seems bigger but the writer has explained it beautifully and simply. He talked about some people who trust government blindly, and also those who knows many things but never speaks, and taking all these character together will give you best 3 hours of reading the book.
Book starts with โAll animals are equalโ and ends with โall animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than othersโ . Let me add a twist in this what if I change the word animals with human beings. โAll human beings are equal, all human beings are equal, but some human beings are more equal than othersโ. After reading those changed sentences the multiple things strikes to me, many of todayโs problems in many countries around the globe including racial and ethnic religious tensions.
Writer wants to show the mirror to the world and he does it in his style for some itโs a book of animals, a kid book, but for many itโs the experience, an interesting book with a political satire. Many says itโs the book that depicts the Russian revolution but for me itโs for the revolution of the whole world. Animal Farm by George Orwell is a brilliant political satire and a powerful, affecting story of revolutions and idealism, power and corruption.
BEST BOLLYWOOD ROMANTIC MOVIES OVER PAST YEARS.
When it comes to Bollywood, romance is the topmost genre over the past few decades.

The basic plotline of every Bollywood rom-com is, ‘A guy falls in love and he makes her fall in love with him, the couple faces some objections and refusal from family so they either do court marriage or run away for to get a perfect ending. Sounds familiar right? Back in the 2000s. many love stories were being produced, if you were a kid or the 19s kids you must have watched many Bollywood movies back then. Those were the most iconic and supreme level of movies were produced which has marked their legacy, unlike others.
What do you mean by love? let me tell you, it’s a feeling of deep affection, falling in love all over again with the same person and with one’s emotion is love. These same feelings filmmakers have woven into a script that is being shown in cinema as iconic ones. From the Legendary one Mughal-le-Aazam to Dilwale Dulhaniya le Jayenge, Bollywood rom-com has told us about many fascinated love tales. Excluding some of the films, Bollywood has given a moderate amount of storyline about lovers fighting to break the barriers. It is now that Bollywood is making the remakes of the same old scenes of mustard fields, the father being strict, etc. that have been played in front of us many times. Now Bollywood needs new stories with more realistic perspectives.
Some of the exceptional movies which are evergreen movies from the past few decades are:-
1) Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge.

It’s is known by name of DDLJ which a 1995 Hindi rom-com film. Starring Shah Rukh Khan a ‘King of Bollywood’ and Kajol. This film is the leading light in the history of Bollywood cinema. Raj and Simran met during a trip to Europe and fell in love. This movie was shot from beautiful mountains to dense greenery in Punjab. The performance and chemistry of them were stellar and outstanding.
2) Jab We Met.

Jab We Met is a 2007s film, is the iconic movie of Imtiaz Ali, which showcased the love journey of Shahid Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor Khan in a very conservative way. It showed how two people from opposite backgrounds and cultures came together to evolve feelings for each other. It is cute and innocent love chemistry that was an advantage for the movie. Kareena’s Punjabi character and the way of delivering in the Punjabi accent was the best part of the movie.
3) Yeh Jawani Hai Diwani

In 2013 Deepika Padukone and Ranbir Kapoor starred in the film called Yeh Jawani Hai Diwani, also known as YJHD. This movie has explained the importance of love and friendship. This is the most loved film by the youngsters. This film also features Aditya Roy Kapoor, Kalki Koechlin, and Kunal Roy as supporting actors which made a good collection at the box office. Ayan Mukerji the director of the film has managed to show the interconnection between friendship and love which gets intensified later on.
4) 2 States

Arjun Kapoor and Alia Bhatt started in 2 States in the year 2014. This movie is about how a guy and a girl from different religions, cultures fell in love, while the boy is from north India a Punjabi Munda, and a girl is from South India. Abhishek Varman is the director of the film and has maintained the pitch which is bases on the novel of very famous writer Chetan Bhagat. This movie not only shows the love between two people and family but also how the whole family in a marriage is an essential thing.
5) Ae Dil Hai Mushkil

This movie was starred, Ranbir Kapoor and Anushka Sharma. This movie written by Karan Johar showcased the one-sided love, where Ranbir Kapoor loves Anushka Sharma who thinks of him as his very good friend. The film has also starred Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, a Pakistani actor Fawad Khan and Lisa Haydon. This film is a famous movie as it showed the painful side of love and friendship.
6) Barfi!

This movie at starred Ranbir Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra, Ileana D’cruz, and was their hit film of 2012. It was written and directed by Anurag Basu. This film showed the love angle between deaf and mute. The girl was deaf and the boy was mute. It was a very wholesome and sweet movie. The acting of them was outstanding, it’s just not the audience who loved it but the critics also loved it and also praised them for their outstanding performance.
7) Love Aaj Kal

This movie was released in 2009. A young take between Deepika Padukone(Meera Pandit) and Saif Ali Khan(Veer Singh). Basically, this movie has explained the contemporary love of them. The title ‘Love Aaj Kal’ is well explained in the movie, no matter what are the circumstances, ups , and downs, melodrama, love prevails. It’s a movie that it would make every lover skip a beat.
These were the movies which showed the love is beautiful. Obviously there are some more of it which couldn’t make it to the list. Which are the best Bollywood movie according to you?





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