Government and private schools following the state board will resume online class still July 1,but the education department is yet to finalize the tender for printing textbooks according to department of public instruction the tender will be finalized in a couple of days it will take maximum 100 days to print textbooks but we will not wait till it gets completed we will get distribution by mid August by August end or September we hope to complete 50% of books distributions said commissioner v.Anbukumar we will also speed up the printing officials said learning won’t be affected students need not worry the first month will be a bridge course in which teachers will revise previous year’s portions and fill the gap soft copies of the books will be available said..v.Anbukumar According to the department lockdown is a hudle there is no huge delay the tender is above 100 crores the process is longer it has it’s own time frame lockdown may have been delayed for 10 days said. V.Anbukumar ••••••educators are not happy about printing delay”getting textbooks is late rituals now everything year we have the same problem in rural areas textbooks are the only learning to the students with regular school classes not expected soon children will not able to learn continuing without textbooks he added that delay could be used to produce textbooks that address the learning loss students faced last year but it may be too late for the department to think on these lines..the education department had been made an announcement that students wi able to start their offline class from mid of September to October all schools and colleges and universities will begin from month of October 4th as the regulations given by education boards food had a great influence on the character and mental attitude. So yoga Shasta says Food should be conductive to the mental uplifting of the practitioner of yoga not only physical exercises but also merging with divinity that means jeevathma and paramathma yoga doing with mental and physical happiness can remove all our diseases yogasama purify the blood vessel openup the lungs and make the muscles elastic this boosts their contracting and expanding power and absorbs more oxygen this burn up the toxins of the body and eject them in the form of carbon dioxide it activate the digestive system and produce sufficient quantities of digestive juices improving immune system and body will become more and more elastic.it should be understood that yoga sana contribute going good health to body and mind it also an efficient method that provides relief from different illnesses, many experts are of the opinion that many serious illnesses like heart disease, diabetes, blood pressure, mental tension, asthma, sexually weaknesses, insomnia etc are curable by the practice of yoga. Prevention is better than cure yoga is beneficial for sound mind and healthy body.practicing yoga is a good way to improve lifestyle and keep diseases away

All Apps Are free But end user is their product.

We all use social media apps very often to not care about our privacy and share our sensitive information on the internet. The product for these companies by which they earn a profit, not small but huge the amount varies between Billions of Dollars the Big Tech Giants, such as Google, Facebook, Instagram, Amazon, etc. Take every bit of information which we browse on the internet. It uses search history, Browsing history, Gmail details, contact details, etc. All these types of information are collected and sold by these forms to every site or who wants this information to promote their product to their targeted audience.

If we carefully observe that, while browsing on the internet when we open a particular website, we all see the advertisements related to our previous search history. The system is this much integrated that even if sometimes, using a VPN is not enough to protect our data from these companies. Sometimes we can consider that they are taking our data for some important purposes. Still, nowadays, as hacking is very often, sensitive data from companies like Facebook is leaked or getting hacked every few days.

As revealed by a slew of whistleblowers, the global surveillance infrastructure and the potential weaponisation of data has created a perverse atmosphere where Privacy is just a figment of the imagination. Countries like China keep an eye on their every movement on the internet. In China, their citizens are not allowed to talk against their government, and the internet is also under the control of China.

Nowadays, Privacy is just treated as a joke. Where some companies are trying to protect the privacy of their users, for example, Apple. In Apple, the user’s data is treated as their priority, where all the information is kept encrypted.

Maybe, but obviously there’s no way for any of us to tell with literally no information to go on.

If you’re in your mid- to late-20s (or a little older) and are looking to change career then it might be a good idea. If your career development expects it, as some roles in consulting and finance do, then it might be a good idea. If you feel that you want to start and run your own business but don’t have the skills, confidence, mindset or network to do it then it might be good idea. It’s hard to suggest more than it “might” be a good idea because there are legitimate reasons why it might not be, even under those circumstances.

If you don’t want to take a year (or two) off from your career, or having an MBA wouldn’t really help with your career, or you really don’t like academia, or you don’t have the credentials to get into a decent school, or you have a great job that you love already then it could be better not to go.

Business school is time-consuming and costly. The opportunity cost of going is large (for me, something like $250k and that was more than a decade ago). And you only get to do it once – it can be a great way to switch careers without taking a backward step but once you’ve taken that step you don’t get to take it again if you’re unhappy with where you ended up. It’s not for everyone and even people for whom it is a suitable it’s a serious decision that deserves a lot of thought and consideration of the implications. Especially financially.

And don’t forget to factor in the uncertainty. When I graduated in 2005 the world looked great and the opportunities were abundant. 2 years later I was talking to people who were trying to get into finance and struggling because the downturn had begun. By 2008/9 people who’d gone to my school hoping to snap up a job a big investment bank were just grateful if they could get back in to their previous jobs at their previous levels. It doesn’t always work out the way you want it to.

So have a good think about it. Don’t rush into it. Speak to people who are where you want to be. Consider your finances. And then make a decision. There’s no universal right answer here.

How Do Cell Phones Work?

With worldwide mobile subscriptions estimated to be around 7 billion in 2014, cell phones have become a universal and indispensable tool for modern life. With a cell phone, you can talk to anybody on the planet from almost anywhere. But do you really know how your cell phone works?

In the most basic form, a cell phone is essentially a two-way radio, consisting of a radio transmitter and a radio receiver. When you chat with your friend on your cell phone, your phone converts your voice into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted via radio waves to the nearest cell tower. The network of cell towers then relays the radio wave to your friend’s cell phone, which converts it to an electrical signal and then back to sound again. In the basic form, a cell phone works just like a walkie-talkie.

In additional to the basic function of voice calls, most modern cell phones come with additional functions such as web surfing, taking pictures, playing games, sending text messages and playing music. More sophisticated smart phones can perform similar functions of a portable computer.

Radio Waves

Cell phones use radio waves to communicate. Radio waves transport digitized voice or data in the form of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, called the electromagnetic field (EMF). The rate of oscillation is called frequency. Radio waves carry the information and travel in air at the speed of light.

Cell phones transmit radio waves in all directions. The waves can be absorbed and reflected by surrounding objects before they reach the nearest cell tower. For example, when the phone is placed next to your head during a call, a significant portion (over half in many cases) of the emitted energy is absorbed into your head and body. In this event, much of the cell phone’s EMF energy is wasted and no longer available for communication.

Antenna

Cell phones contain at least one radio antenna in order to transmit or receive radio signals. An antenna converts an electric signal to the radio wave (transmitter) and vice versa (receiver). Some cell phones use one antenna as the transmitter and receiver while others, such as the iPhone 5, have multiple transmitting or receiving antennas.

An antenna is a metallic element (such as copper) engineered to be a specific size and shape for transmitting and receiving specific frequencies of radio waves. While older generation cell phones have external or extractable antennas, modern cell phones contain more compact antennas inside the device thanks to advanced antenna technologies. It’s important to understand that any metallic components in the device (such as the circuit board and the metal frame for the iPhone) can interact with the transmission antenna(s) and contribute to the pattern of the transmitted signal.

Many modern smart phones also contain more than one type of antenna. In addition to the cellular antenna, they may also have Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and/or GPS antennas.

Connectivity

As mentioned earlier, a cell phone is a two-way wireless communication device and needs both the inbound signal (reception) and the outbound signal (transmission) to work. The magnitude of the received signal from the cell tower is called the “signal strength”, which is commonly indicated by the “bars” on your phone. The connectivity between a cell phone and its cellular network depends on both signals and is affected by many factors, such as the distance between the phone and the nearest cell tower, the number of impediments between them and the wireless technology (e.g. GSM vs. CDMA). A poor reception (fewer bars) normally indicates a long distance and/or much signal interruption between the cell phone and the cell tower.

In order to conserve battery life, a cell phone will vary the strength of its transmitted signal and use only the minimum necessary to communicate with the nearest cell tower. When your cell phone has poor connectivity, it transmits a stronger signal in order to connect to the tower, and as a result your battery drains faster. That’s why good connectivity not only reduces dropped calls, but also saves battery life.

Coronavirus An Artificial virus Or Naturally Modified Virus.

This pandemic firstly started in Wuhan, China. The first patient was diagnosed positive with the virus in December of 2019. It is considered that the virus was leaked from the research facility situated in Wuhan, China. Some people say that China was working on this virus for the last 3-4 years until they reached their specific goal; the virus was modified to attack the respiratory system of a being and then affect the lungs to produce excessive cough by which the breathing of a particular being could be challenging. It was contagious, which means it can spread quickly by talking, by air, by coming in contact with another human, and many more.

After few days, the virus spread rapidly amongst the citizens of China and later the whole world. If it is a secret bio-war? Started by china to establish their dominance over the globe to conquer or show their power to the world, these are not going signs because it may begin the cold war between China and the rest of the countries. Because in China, the possible Covid positive patients were ever recorded are 90,000 only from which the 80% are already recovered as per their sources. Then why the rest of the world is still facing this pandemic that came from this country. Suppose it was accidentally released from the lab, then why they are still hiding the sources of the origin of the virus.

If this virus was created by mother nature to protect herself and warn humans to stop their activities, such as excessive use of resources, another thing could destroy their own. If it is possibly true, then why it started only in china? Why not in any other country or place. Where there is perhaps the most destructive of natural resources, also as per rumors, it is considered that when some people were eating bat, then the virus was transmitted from this dead animal, after this, the virus self mutated itself to be compatible as per human body. And still, the virus is mutating and making itself more critical day by day.

In the end, whatever may be the cause of this pandemic, I would like to tell you that take care of yourself with your family.

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, a rotor, or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful work. This replaced the external combustion engine for applications where weight or size of the engine is important.

Diagram of a cylinder as found in an overhead cam 4-stroke gasoline engines.:C – crankshaftE – exhaust camshaftI – inlet camshaftP – pistonR – connecting rodS – spark plugV – valves. red: exhaust, blue: intake.W – cooling water jacketgray structure – engine blockDiagram describing the ideal combustion cycle by Carnot

The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Étienne Lenoir around 1860 and the first modern internal combustion engine was created in 1876 by Nicolaus Otto (see Otto engine).The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine. A second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gas turbines, jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion engines on the same principle as previously described. Firearms are also a form of internal combustion engine, though of a type so specialized that they are commonly treated as a separate category.In contrast, in external combustion engines, such as steam or Stirling engines, energy is delivered to a working fluid not consisting of, mixed with, or contaminated by combustion products. Working fluids for external combustion engines include air, hot water, pressurized water or even liquid sodium, heated in a boiler.ICEs are usually powered by energy-dense fuels such as gasoline or diesel fuel, liquids derived from fossil fuels. While there are many stationary applications, most ICEs are used in mobile applications and are the dominant power supply for vehicles such as cars, aircraft and boats.ICEs are typically powered by fossil fuels like natural gas or petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel fuel or fuel oil. Renewable fuels like biodiesel are used in compression ignition (CI) engines and bioethanol or ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) produced from bioethanol in spark ignition (SI) engines. Renewable fuels are commonly blended with fossil fuels. Hydrogen, which is rarely used, can be obtained from either fossil fuels or renewable energy.

1. Making money in the crypto market is less straight forward than it used to be.Early cryptocurrency adopters either capitalized on ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings) by getting in early and getting out, mining and holding cryptocurrency for long periods of time or by day trading.In today’s investment climate, none of these approaches are sure to make you a fortune. Bitcoin mining has become more difficult and more competitive, meaning that the hash rate required to mine isn’t always worth the electricity bill.The SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) has turned its attention toward prosecuting fraudulent ICOs and crafting regulations. Across the board, ICOs have received criticism for serving as a means of fundraising without giving investors anything significant in return. Of course, there are also a lot of legitimate ICOs, though these receive less media attention.And day trading is much more difficult in a bear market, especially one as unpredictable as the one we’re currently in.This isn’t to say that there isn’t another wave of opportunity coming to cryptocurrency, blockchain technology and innovative applications of both — think cannabis cryptocurrency. Crypto just needs another round of innovation for investors to make money.

2. SEC regulations have stalled.We haven’t seen another crypto market boom largely due to regulatory uncertainty. The SEC is increasingly regulating crypto, but so far, it’s been a slow process.In 2018, the SEC fined a cryptocurrency exchange and companies that launched ICOs by misrepresenting security tokens as utility tokens, two types of cryptocurrency with important legal distinctions.To date, the SEC has also denied nine Bitcoin ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds) and delayed reviewing a tenth. This has had a negative effect on the crypto market since the summer of 2018.Legalizing cryptocurrency ETFs would allow institutions and individuals to invest in cryptocurrency without buying coins or tokens. By mitigating risk in this way, ETFs would mean large scale investment and more stability.

3. Many view cryptocurrency as a short-term investment.Though institutional investing in cryptocurrency is growing, most investors are millennials who view crypto as a short term investment. Unlike other asset classes, people do not typically include cryptocurrency in their retirement plans.Instead, crypto investors tend to want a quick return, meaning that they go short rather than long. When everyone is trying to get in and out, the market becomes volatile.Related: Why Entrepreneurs Shouldn’t Panic About the Bitcoin Slump

4. Market manipulation is widespread.One way for crypto investors to turn a profit is through “pump and dump” schemes. This is cryptocurrency slang for inflating a cryptocurrency’s value only to sell it off at its peak.Pump and dumps are relatively easy to accomplish, especially with smaller market cap cryptocurrencies, because exchanges have different levels of liquidity, which impacts how they price their crypto.Cryptocurrency is, by definition, decentralized, meaning that no centralized entity like a bank or government controls it. As a result, supply and demand determine its price, and supply differs widely between exchanges. If someone buys a lot of one crypto on a smaller exchange, investors on other exchanges will notice and buy the same crypto, triggering a market-wide price increase.Larger market cap cryptocurrencies are not immune to this type of manipulation, either. For example, Bitcoin (BTC) is currently worth five dollars more on Bittrex than on Coinbase Pro, two large exchanges.

5. The Department of Justice is investigating Tether (USDT).The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) is investigating Bitcoin’s meteoric price rise in late 2017. According to some sources, Bitcoin’s price rose to nearly $20,000 due to manipulation on the cryptocurrency exchange Bitfinex.Bitfinex issues the stablecoin Tether (USDT). Researchers at the University of Texas found that every time Bitcoin’s price began to decrease, Tether had been used to buy Bitcoin on various exchanges.Now, the DOJ and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) are involved. Tether, Ltd., has also been accused of not having the funds to support its 1 to 1 USDT to USD ratio that it claims to have.The uncertainty surrounding whether Tether is actually a stablecoin and Bitcoin’s bull run have negatively affected investor confidence in the crypto market.

6. Risk diversification isn’t yet possible.When confronted with possible manipulation and market volatility, investors typically diversify their assets. Theoretically, this could mean investing in Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) and higher risk ICOs or altcoins.But in the crypto market, diversification doesn’t work the way investors want it to. More than 50 percent of the cryptocurrency market cap is Bitcoin alone. This is because most trading occurs between BTC and altcoins since you cannot convert fiat, meaning government-backed currency like the USD, directly into most cryptocurrencies.So when Bitcoin’s price falters, investors tend to convert their cryptocurrencies into stablecoins or fiat, triggering a large-scale market decline. In other words, risk diversification doesn’t work in crypto yet.

7. Lack of liquidity deters widespread adoption.Increased liquidity would mean price stability, easier, cheaper transactions, and more investor confidence. It would also prevent Bitcoin whales, or large buys, from manipulating cryptocurrency prices.Stability and fast transactions translate to wider cryptocurrency adoption, meaning that people besides cyberpunks and techies would feel comfortable converting their U.S. dollars into cryptocurrencies knowing that they could easily convert it back without paying steep transaction fees.Today, however, exchanges do not have enough liquidity to provide these functions, despite the fact that cryptocurrency adoption is on the rise. Some suggest that the best way to increase liquidity is to create a large exchange pool used by multiple exchanges.Related: The 5 Ways Banks Must Transform to Thrive in an Era of Cryptocurrency

8. Security remains a concern for prospective investors.The crypto market has received a lot of bad press for hacks, exit scams and Ponzi schemes. For some, ICOs are synonymous with fraud, though this is far from the truth.However, cryptocurrency exchange security remains a glaring issue The fact is that $1.1 billion in cryptocurrency was hacked in 2018. In the previous year, cryptocurrency hacks rose 369 percent.This is because stealing funds from exchanges, rather than banks, is a lot easier to do. Exchanges can be small companies with inadequate security to control millions in digital assets. Though there are many secure options, exchanges are not to be trusted across the board.

9. The Bitcoin Cash hard fork destabilized the crypto market.In late 2018, Bitcoin Cash (BCH) hard forked into two separate cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin Cash SV and Bitcoin Cash ABC.What happened was that developers and miners within the Bitcoin Cash community separated into two camps, each with their own vision for the currency. Because the changes they wanted to implement were incompatible with one another — adding oracles, smart contracts, increasing block size — the cryptocurrency’s blockchain split in two.Before the split, Bitcoin Cash’s price shot up around 40 percent. This is because investors receive the same amount of each cryptocurrency when it splits it two, thereby doubling their funds.After the hard fork, prices plummeted. There is speculation that the competition between SV and ABC inspired uncertainty in the entire market. Since the hard fork on Nov. 15, the entire market has been in decline.The crypto market is down because regulation is just beginning.Cryptocurrecy’s biggest problem is also its greatest investment advantage: It’s brand new. This means that we have yet to figure out how to regulate it. For this reason, some experts say that it’s not too late to invest in cryptocurrency.Once exchanges are standardized and provide enough liquidity and security, investors will be confident enough to go long in crypto. And when it becomes possible to exchange fiat for altcoins, investors will be able to diversify their portfolios without worrying that they’ll lose everything at the first signs of a bear market.Cryptocurrencies are as real as any other asset: The more institutions and people believe in the power of instantaneous, borderless assets, the more they’ll be worth.

Nowadays, a hot topic in Pakistan is about punishing Facebook because Facebook is supporting India regarding the Kashmir issue. All this because facebook had a massive crackdown on anti-India propaganda done by Pakistan.

What happened?

Chairman of the parliamentary committee on Kashmir Shahryar Khan Afridi directed the chief of Pakistan telecommunication authority (PTA) to take legal action against Facebook over the selective steps it took against Pakistani and Kashmiri social media activist. Recently PTA was also in the news because it threatened the Hindu American body over publishing a website on the genocide of Bangladeshi’s in 1971 by the Pak army. In Pakistan, Facebook reported that it removed at least 40 accounts, 28 Instagram accounts and groups, all involved in manipulating domestic public opinion in favour of the Pakistan military and its policies, including on topics such as India and Kashmir. Facebook investigated all the countries that are trying to spread their propaganda on Facebook and found that two countries are manipulating people on a large scale, Pakistan and Russia. They make fake accounts and pages on Facebook and use these pages to spread their propaganda. This kind of work is accomplished by an agency known as ‘Alphapro’, which is a Pakistan- based PR firm. “Key narratives advanced by the network include: praise for Pakistan and its armed forces; efforts to denigrate india and highlight attacks by Hindu nationalists targeting religious minorities and support for Pakistani PM,” said a Graphika report. This step was taken by Facebook on its own seeing the scale of propaganda on Facebook.

The advantage of this type of propaganda is to increase the soft power of Pakistan and reduce that of India. This is a long term strategy. Recently Pakistan has reported the deaths of journalists who spoke against the Pakistani government. There is also a draft law in Pakistan’s parliament that effectively criminalises criticism of the military with a two-year prison sentence and heavy fines. On one side Pakistan is trying to suppress the voice of journalists in Pakistan and on the other hand seeking free speech on Facebook so that it can continue its propaganda.

New Delhi: Leading Indian universities can rank among the best 50 in the world, IIT Delhi director V. Ramgopal Rao has written to his colleagues. Rao, in his letter, has given a six-point diagnosis of the recently released QS World University Ranking, in which IIT Delhi was named the second-best from India with a global ranking of 185, eight positions behind IIT Bombay and one place ahead of IISc-Bangalore.While giving an analysis of the rankings, IIT-Delhi’s score in the global league table, and what should be done, Rao said one can also “replace IIT Delhi with Bombay or other top institutions from India, and the story remains the same” and the rankings must be seen with a context.

Here is the six-point analysis by director Rao on each of the parameters:

1. Talking about academic reputation, which commands 40% weight in the QS World University Ranking, Rao said “we need to talk about ourselves more and inform public –both in India and abroad– about our research accomplishments. We simply need to be more visible ourselves. Outreach is important”. On a scale of 100, IIT Delhi was awarded 45.9 in the fresh world rankings.
2. . IIT Delhi director wrote that in the employer reputation parameter, the institution is doing well. The school has got 70 out of 100 in this ranking indicator that commands 10% weight in the ranking.
3. On faculty-student ratio, Rao said “we simply need to hire more faculty. Finding IIT quality faculty is a challenge. We can’t ramp it up beyond a point. We are highly quality conscious and rightly so. “Also, please note, the older IITs added 2500 additional students in the last two years because of EWS quota implementation. So we took a hit on this for reasons beyond our control”.
4. Citations per faculty: “IIT Delhi a few years ago got a score of 94 on this. But we recruited 200 new faculty in the last 5 years, so our citations per faculty count has come down. Once these new faculty become productive in the system, this should rise again. We are on a strong foundation here,” Rao wrote in his letter.
5. . On international faculty, which has been a traditional weakness for Indian institutions, Rao said “IIT jobs are government jobs. Recruiting international faculty is still riddled with policy issues at all levels. Whatever scores we get, these are mostly because of OCI/PIOs on our faculty. But we need to go global in our faculty hiring. We are trying, but it takes time. It can’t be changed overnight”.
6. On international students, director Rao has written that “IITs need to admit more international students. Because of high level of preparation needed for the JEE Adv exam, the doors are almost closed for international students at the undergraduate levels. We are admitting more and more international students at the masters and PhD level. But we can’t do this at the cost of scores of Indian students who wish to come to these institutions but denied admission.“India simply needs to create a lot more high-quality institutions so the pressure on IIT admissions comes down. IIT Delhi has announced 500 PhD Fellowships for international students and also coordinates the national ASEAN PhD Fellowship Programme. Takes time for this. Pandemic has hit us hard here

 

 

 

By : G Gnana Priya dharshini

 

The fire against the farm bills has not doused yet. Elements of politics are also involved which will not let the matter fade away. The recent update about the mixing of political color and farmers concern is when the chief minister of West Bengal Mamta Banerjee and Bhartiya Kisan union leader Rakesh Tikait met. Sometimes politics can give an extra push to a movement, especially when it is dying. The people were not the only ones affected by the pandemic. It seems the movements also caught the flu.

Background
In 2020 farm acts were Legislated by the centre. The three laws that were passed as a package include-
1) Farmers produce trade and commerce promotion and facilitation act 2020
2) The Essential commodities amendment act
3) Farmers empowerment and protection agreement on price assurance and farm services act 2020

Entry 33(b) in the concurrent list was invoked to enact the law. The subject that 33(b) talks about is trade and commerce in, and production, supply and distribution of, “foodstuffs”. Many states, most notably Punjab, accused the centre of extending the meaning of the subject to include agriculture although it is under the state list.
Usually when parliament passes a law on matter enumerated in concurrent list and states are against the law then
1) States can amend it, subject to the condition that provisions that contradict the parliamentary act will have to get president’s assent, without which they cannot be enforced
2) The aggrieved states can challenge the validity of the law in the Supreme Court
It remains to be seen what impact will the states legislating against the law have on the centre.

Apart from the disagreement between the centre and the state that did not attract much attention, there was a tussle between the farmers and the union government. The mobilisation of farmers against the laws in Delhi and the voice raised by them were heard overseas as well. A series of fight between the soft powers made many headlines within India as well as between Indian and foreign celebrities.

The contradiction
In laymen terms, the bone of contention between farmers and the centre was that the involvement of private companies will throw the poor farmers at mercy of big businessmen. Minimum support price (MSP) might soon be removed as the next strategy of privatisation.

The flaws and a suggestion
A big policy reform can be successful only if people are convinced that it will benefit them. Public needs proof that the reforms will be in their favour. If the government wants to introduce reforms then they need to take people into confidence. All the stakeholders must be on board. Therefore a big policy reform needs time. Since proof lies in eating the pudding, small pilot projects to observe the impact of the reform on society should be conducted. The success of such small projects can build confidence in people. If the project is not successful then there is a scope for improving and modifying the policy.
India is a vast and diverse country cannot be exposed to a big reform all at once. Take demonetisation for instance. The pan India exercise did not give the expected outcome. It dented the economy. Lesson from the past can help build a better future. So, the bottom line is that a big transition is not easy because it affects everyone- few benefit while few are at the receiving end. Giving it time to ripe while taking one step at a time can be an option that helps people accept the change.

It was a great deal back then to, gather everyone, get ready and go to the photo studio and take a photograph. And that wasn’t all. We had to wait till 3-7 days for the photos to be developed. That suspense was what kept the thrill of taking photograph alive. Then came the roll camera, digital camera, our cellphones and now our mobiles.

The process of taking photos has developed tremendously, especially in the recent years. Even a two year old teaches us how to take a selfie. Marriages are more like a story captured through series of candid moments of the bride and groom and surprisingly, even the family members. The only wedding album, that wasn’t also not long known, was only of the bride and groom and the occasional group pictures. Maternity photoshoots, honeymoon photoshoots, new born photoshoots etc. are the new trends, are so meaningful so as to be looked back with happy memories.(though they tend to cast a hole in the wedding budget!)

Capturing the moments that we hold dear to our hearts is so cool. Take for example, if your friends throw you a surprise birthday party, then the pictures they take of you, in your pure elated happiness is something you will cherish for years to come. There was a time when it was a tradition to for everyone to sit down and look at every picture albums every year and have a laugh about how we look in the pictures.

People used to introduce long distance relatives to children who have never seen them. Sadly, now it has become the only way in which kids know about their long-lost relatives. As mentioned earlier, the thrill and suspense of taking a picture is now completely gone. People have started taking photos for ridiculous reasons and the meaning in preserving the memories has been completely exploited.

But still, the essence still seems to linger on. The quality of photographs is through the roof. Even the smallest of the pollens of flowers are captured beautifully. In a way, the photographs has provided us with a new perspective on how we see life. There are many awareness programs that captures people in the lowest and collect funds to help them.

Not only photography, but the branch of videography has also improved so much so that you can photoshop yourself and edit that you are walking on the moon without anyone suspect anything. (though that would raise some controversy, don’t do the moon!)

The most favorite genre of photography are nature and nature related photoshoots. Countless sunrises and sunsets, the countless colonies of ants captured so closely, the wildlife photoshoots that describe the life of the wild animals, even the simple rain drops, and the simple sun rays is seen with a new eye, a third eye on how we see our surroundings.

You don’t need to have a DSLR camera to take photographs. Your good old Redmi or Samsung are enough for the memories that are close to your heart.  Even the simplest of the things can be seen differently if captured from the angle. Doesn’t that apply to our life too? Sometimes a little change of perspective may all we need in life for a peaceful life.

Everyone must have heard about this thing somewhere or somewhat, many of this reading might have conservative family.

So basically there are different types of conservative families, before coming to that what is the real reason behind that conservatism, what I learned , the real reason behind this is their own past which make them develop a habit which eventually turns out them to Become conservative.

So there are different types of conservative families which might me one who still thinks girls can’t step out, so before pandemic I went to a small town just to visit someone I realized still they believe that girl should be going out of house if only needed so much, I tried explaining them but they take out their norms as a shield, then there is an another type of conservative family which stop there kids to do anything which involves risk just because they had faced that risk before and they don’t want their kids to repeat that mistake which eventually lead out kids to be more outspoken, then there is another type which just believe that they had whole control over their kids life who believe that if they even do anything without their permission they gonna punish them to an extend which will make them remember not to do anything without their consent.

These things only make a child miss alot, a child could never be able to follow any of his passion just because they believe a child is small, can’t take decision and can’t handle their own life

Mistake make a person learn things which even life can’t so rather than stopping start promoting, maybe the person doing it actually outshine it.

The Tamil Nadu Government has extended the investment period for establishing liquid medical oxygen plants in the State upto 31st of December 2022. The Government order issued today said that the special package of incentives will be to promote investment in manufacture of oxygen concentrators, oxygen cylinders, medical oxygen and large liquid medical oxygen plants in the State.

Two large companies have expressed their interest to manufacture oxygen. The Government has assured land cost incentive, stamp duty incentives, electricity tax incentives, training subsidy, intellectual property creation incentive and quality certification incentive for oxygen manufacturers.

Delhi is likely to see light to moderate intensity rain today accompanied by gusty winds, as per the India Meteorological Department (IMD). Pre-monsoon showers are expected to continue in Delhi until the arrival of the southwest monsoon around June 15, if meteorological conditions remain favourable, IMD officials said.

Moderate intensity rain is forecast in the city tomorrow with wind speeds of around 40 kmph, followed by light rain till Friday. The monsoon is expected to arrive about two weeks before its onset date on June 27 in Delhi, as per the IMD. Last year, it arrived on June 25. The mercury is expected to fall in the coming days. The maximum is forecast to be 35 degrees Celsius tomorrow and 34 degrees Celsius on Monday.

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K.Stalin released water from the Mettur reservoir for irrigation today. 3000 cusecs of water was released today. The amount of water will be increased according to the need for irrigation. AIR correspondent reports that Tamilnadu will need 125 TMC water from today to September 15th for Kuruvai crop cultivation. Usually 99.74 tmc water is released from Mettur reservoir and the remaining 25.26 tmc water will depend on seasonal rains and ground water.

The State needs 205 .60 tmc water to irrigate 12 lakh ten thousand acre for Samba crop cultivation which begins from September 15 to January 28. The Government usually releases 108.50 tmc water from Mettur and the remaining 97.10 tmc water depends on seasonal rains and replenishment of ground water. During the release of water from the dam, the state also produces 250 mg watt power from the dam sources. The State also releases water depending on the down pour of the North East monsoon. It has requested the agriculturists to use the water meticulously and ensure good harvest.

Sikkim government has notified new measures to control COVID-19 with further relaxations. The new guidelines will be effective from 5 a.m. on 14th of June, till when the current complete lockdown will be in place, to 5 a.m. on 21st of June. The current lockdown was implemented from 16th of May due to a surge in cases and was extended in phases.

As per the new guidelines effective during 14th to 21st June, restrictions on inter-state and inter-district movement will continue excluding the movement of army, government officials, commercial goods vehicles and for emergency and essential services. All vehicles including private cars, taxis and two-wheelers will be allowed to ply with odd-even stipulation within districts. Two-wheelers will be allowed to ply without pillion riders.

Government vehicles will be allowed to operate without the odd and even stipulation from 9 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. locally. The odd-even rule will not be applicable to commercial goods vehicles including trucks ferrying essential commodities. Movement of passengers boarding or returning from Pakyong or Bagdogra airports and New Jalpaiguri Railway station in West Bengal will be allowed on the production of journey tickets and negative RT-PCR reports conducted within 72 hours of arrival.

All licensed stand-alone shops and e-commerce and home delivery services can operate till 5 p.m. Commercial establishments can operate with 50 per cent staff. Restaurants, fast food centres, sweet shops and bakeries have been allowed to operate till 8 p.m. with 50 per cent seating capacity. Home delivery of food has been permitted till 8 p.m. All gymnasiums, barber shops, spas, saloons and parlours may also operate till 5 p.m. with 50 per cent capacity. Pharma companies have been allowed to operate with 100 per cent staff while other production units may work with 50 per cent staff. All State Government offices have been allowed to function with 50 per cent staff. Private construction with local labourers, MGNREGA, agricultural and horticultural activities have also been permitted while a night curfew will be in place from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m.

Five Myanmar nationals with arms and ammunition were apprehended last night in a joint operation by Assam Rifles and Mizoram Police from a bordering village in southern Lawngtlai district.

Police sources said that the intruders, suspected to be cadres of armed outfit Arakan Liberation Army (ALA) of Myanmar were nabbed from Kakichhuah village in Lawngtlai district near Indo-Myanmar international border in Indian side.

Security personnel also recovered a 9 m.m. Pistol, a Point 38 Revolver, 55 rounds of bullets and five hand grenades from the possession of the captives.

Additional Superintendent of Police C. Lalruatkima informed that captives were identified and later produced to the District Court with charges lodged in different sections under the Arms Act and Foreigners Act. The court ordered them for jail remand for further interrogation by Police.

Food Fun Life skills Instructional Software:

FoodFun Lifeskills Instructional Software (FoodFun LIS) is a start-up organization whose vision is to create the finest education/entertainment software for non-reading individuals with developmental disabilities. The software product has been designed and created by a Ph.D. veteran of the special education industry, to meet the needs of this special customer segment. The software will be constructive by teaching certain lifeskills and will be fun to use, encouraging the student to use it as often as possible. FoodFun LIS was formed as an Illinois L.L.C. by founder and owner is Sue Altamirankow, Ph.D. and will be based in Chicago.

market

FoodFun has identified four distinct market segments that will be interested in the software product. These segments are the most likely consumers of the software. The segments are as follows:

• Centers for Independent Living– These centers exist to help train individuals with developmental disabilities to live on their own. The curriculum is often based around four primary lifeskills that are necessary for the individuals to have in order to successfully live independently.
• School Districts– All states are required to provide education for students of special needs until they reach the age of 21. The school districts are often the educational providers until the students are 18 and will be interested in FoodFun’s software as they help the students obtain fundamental lifeskills.
• Proactive Parents– Parents who are taking an active role in the education of their children will be looking for aids that they can use at home to help with their child’s learning progress.
• Agencies– Many states have formed agencies that act as brokers to connect service providers with individuals. The agencies have generally been formed as a result of a settlement or payout from a lawsuit (including class action).

product

Grocery shopping and socialization/leisure are two of the main lifeskills which individuals with developmental disabilities are taught. FoodFun has developed a unique software product that is an effective teaching aid for these important skills. The first component of the software is grocery shopping. This takes the form of a digital cookbook of recipes. Each recipe is represented by a picture. When the student chooses the picture they desire, they then see a list of pictures which are the ingredients and utensils needed to make the dish. The student is then able to print out the pictures and take the pictures to the grocery store, allowing them to shop independently

Competitive Edge

There are several companies on the market selling educational products for this target segment. FoodFun LIS will leverage their competitive edge by incorporating entertainment into their software product, a means of creating interest and joy while using the software. This interest and joy will increase the amount of time that the students use the software, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the program. FoodFun is convinced that when students enjoy what they are doing they are likely to use the product instead of having to be forced to use it.

management

FoodFun has been founded and will be led by Dr. Sue Altamirankow. Sue has a Masters and Ph.D. in special education and has been teaching in the university setting for eight years. Her published thesis “Implications in Lifeskill Training for Individuals with Autism” was a ground-breaking paper that carefully studied all aspects of lifeskills. This was the foundation of her idea to start a software company. She realized that she could develop a study aid that would be fun and effective. It would be fun because the students would enjoy using it, it would be effective because it taught important necessary lifeskills to individuals with developmental disabilities who begin to live more independently. FoodFun has forecasted revenues of $400,397 and $490,000 for years two and three.

• 

Mission

To develop fun-to-use educational software for non-readers with developmental disabilities. Our software will provide lifeskills training that empowers the individuals and make them more independent. We exist to make products that the market demands and have a positive impact on society.

Keys to Success

• Develop educational software that is constructive and fun. If it is not fun, it likely will not be used.
• Implement a strong marketing campaign to develop awareness of the software and its benefits within all of the training centers, school districts, brokerages, and among parents.
• Design strict financial controls for the organization.

Objectives

• Increase sales by triple for the first two years.
• Achieve 20% market penetration by year four.
• Assist more than 10,000 different individuals with development disabilities.

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Effective communication skills is a straightforward process that allows you to express yourself and improve both your personal and professional relationships. Knowing how to listen well and communicate clearly will help you express yourself in job interviews, business meetings, and in your personal life as well.Jump To SectionWhat Is Effective Communication?Why Is Effective Communication Important?4 Skills That Are Necessary for Effective CommunicationHow to Improve Your Communication Skills.

What Is Effective Communication?Being an effective communicator means being able to both actively listen and clearly express yourself to those around you. Unfortunately, there is no one skill or technique that will make you a better communicator. Effective communication requires a diverse skillset that covers both verbal and nonverbal communication cues, as well as close listening.

Why Is Effective Communication Important?Effective communication is vital both in and out of the workplace because it allows you to clearly translate your intentions and feelings into easily understandable messages. Effective communication makes you a more productive worker and cuts down on unintended consequences that arise as a result of miscommunication. Developing an effective communication process helps you understand what others are saying and makes you a better collaborator and team member.

4 Skills That Are Necessary for Effective CommunicationDeveloping better communication habits requires several important skills that work in tandem with each other. Some of these skills involve the way you speak or hold your body, and others are more emotionally based interpersonal skills. Here are a few skills that good communicators possess:

Listening skills: Clear communication starts with active listening. If you’re just focused on how you are expressing yourself, chances are you are not listening or reacting to what others are bringing to the table. An effective communicator uses a variety of listening styles. They pay close attention to what’s being said and make others feel heard and considered.

Empathy: Being able to understand the feelings of those around you is an integral part of being an effective communicator. Empathizing means both understanding and relating to someone else’s feelings. Having high emotional intelligence and demonstrating an ability to empathize builds rapport between you and others and increases your ability to communicate.

Nonverbal communication skills: In addition to verbal messages, effective communication relies on nonverbal cues. Developing an awareness of your body language and tone of voice will improve your messaging and presentation skills.

Teamwork: The ability to actively engage in team-building and consistently collaborate with coworkers is an important part of building your business communication skills. The more you build strong relationships and rapport with others in the workplace, the more effectively you’ll be able to communicate with them.

How to Improve Your Communication Skills If you feel like you lack the basic skills required for good communication, there are a number of reliable ways to improve. Here are a few tips for developing your communication skills:

Practice active listening. Effective communicators are always good listeners. Active listening means engaging with what people say by giving affirmative replies and asking followup questions to show that you are paying attention.

Focus on nonverbal communication. Mastering nonverbal cues and nonverbal signals can help prevent miscommunication and signal interest to those around you. Pay attention to your facial expressions and body language when you are speaking with someone in a professional setting. Your nonverbal cues affect the first impression you make on someone. Maintaining eye contact, limiting hand gestures, and having good posture go a long way when meeting someone for the first time.

Manage your own emotions. For the sake of clear communication and your own personal wellbeing, it’s important to manage your emotions and express them appropriately in context. Allowing strong emotions to unnecessarily creep into a professional setting can lead to poor communication and conflict.

Ask for feedback. There’s no shame in asking for honest feedback on your communication skills from colleagues. Asking your peers or subordinates for their advice on improving your communication skills can help you better understand how you are coming across in your work environment. Cultivate a willingness to seek out other points of view and forge better relationships with your coworkers.

Practice public speaking. Public speaking may sound daunting, but there’s no better way to develop good communication skills than by seeking out public speaking opportunities. Great communicators are able to clearly articulate their feelings, whether they’re speaking to a large group or talking face-to-face to one other person. Regularly speaking in front of a group will magnify your strengths and weaknesses and force you to develop great communication habits.

Develop a filter. Effective communicators generally have highly developed social skills and are able to modulate how they express their thoughts and feelings to those around them. Know what’s appropriate to express in different interpersonal contexts. Developing a filter will help supplement other communication techniques and ensure that you maintain a certain level of decorum and avoid conflict in the workplace.

Benefits of Bilingual brain

Having good knowledge of more than one specific language, or being multilingual, can make travel easier or help us watch movies without subtitles but it also helps our brain work better than monolinguals, or the people who know only a single language.

Language ability is of two types, active and passive. The active part refers to the abilities of speaking and writing while the passive part refers to the abilities of listening and reading. And a balanced bilingual possesses nearly equal of all four abilities in both languages. Most bilinguals know and use their languages in varying proportions.

Depending upon situations and the means of acquiring language, bilinguals or multilinguals may be classified into three general types:

1. Compound bilinguals: Those who develop two or more linguistic codes simultaneously with a single set of concepts. This is generally the case with children beginning to learn to speak.

2. Coordinate bilinguals: Those who learn a new language while using another language in day-to-day life. This is the case with school students who study away from their home-region.

3. Subordinate bilinguals: Those who learn a new language by filtering it through their primary language. This is generally the case with professionals who work abroad.

With time and practice all people can learn and be proficient in new languages and thus for a casual observer it can be hard to differentiate amongst monolinguals and bilinguals. But the development in brain imaging technology has helped neurolinguists to observe how different aspects of learning a language affect the bilingual brain.

The critical period hypothesis implies that children learn new languages more easily because the plasticity of their developing brains helps them use both left and right hemispheres of their brains for language acquisition, while in most adults, language is limited to only one hemisphere which is generally the left hemisphere.

Regardless of when and how we acquire a new language, being multilingual gives our brain some remarkable advantages such as higher density of grey matter, more activity in certain regions of the brain while engaging in another language and the increased exercise of a bilingual brain can help delay the onset of diseases like Alzheimer’s and Dementia by upto five years.

Having a multilingual mind may not make us smarter but it does help make our brains healthier, complex and actively engaged and its always better to know more.

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The nature of disease incidence has changed in India over decades A few decades ago, infectious diseases affected and allied millions of people in India. But increasing medical improvements and health facilities have led to improvements in the people’s living standards as it has considerably reduced infections and death. With improvements in the standards of living due to rapid economic growth, industrialization and urbanization, and the consequent change in lifestyle and dietary choices, there is now greater risk of non-communicable diseases or lifestyle diseases. These diseases significantly affect people of all age groups Lifestyle diseases include conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis and even cancer. 21st century rapid and unhealthy lifestyle is responsible for the occurrence of lifestyle diseases. This includes tobacco use, alcohol, fast food diet, insufficient physical activity, extended office working hours, lack of proper sleep etc.

EXTENT OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES IN INDIA

India has undergone a major epidemiological transition in consonance with socio-economic development. The share of non-communicable lifestyle diseases has increased in India from 37.6 to 618% The major lifestyle diseases in India are heart disease, pulmonary disease and stroke. It is estimated that more than 1.78 million cases of cancer are likely to be added each year by the year 2022. Every 12th person in India is suffering from diabetes India ranks second in the list of countries having diabetes patients Children are suffering from asthma, strokes, heart diseases etc. The following are the major lifestyle diseases of India:

• Obesity: The number of overweight and obese people in India have doubled between 2005 and 2015 Among the individuals aged between 15-50 years, 21% of women and 18.6% of men have been found overweight. The presence of obesity is mainly due to obesogenic chemicals such as MSG, Bisphenol etc. Marketing of processed foods need to be regulated Presently, lower taxes on unhealthy foods, inadequate health labelling and lower physical activity among the people has led to higher incidence of obesity.
• Mental Health: More than 12% of country’s adult population suffers from some kind of mental illness. At least 150 million people in the country are in active need of medical intervention due to mental illnesses. The main reasons for higher incidence of mental illness are changing diets, lack of social support, stress, fatigue and sometimes intake of large amount of sugar has also been linked to mental diseases
• Cancer: More than 1.73 million cases of cancer are likely to be recorded each year in India Commonly used household items including chemicals and cosmetics containing cancer causing compounds are responsible for cancers Many cases of cancer have been linked to environmental exposure of toxins The main triggers responsible for cancer are tobacco, alcohol, air pollution and diets rich in meat and low in vegetables. These are relatively unaddressed as compared to other diseases.

• Heart Diseases: Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for a large number of deaths in India each year. In urban areas, young and middle-aged people are at risk of cardiovascular diseases. The main cause of heart diseases is lack of physical activity and absence of green spaces in many areas. Pedestrian and cycling tracks are not adequate. Depression has been found to be a risk factor causing cardiovascular diseases. Heart rhythm is also affected due to changes in central nervous system and other hormonal changes.
• Food Allergies: Food allergies are caused by various packed and unpacked food in India. Almost 25-40 million people suffer from food allergies in India. Food products are not adequately labelled and there is no adequate information about allergy causing substances on food items. Also, genetically modified foods (GMF) are not labelled adequately in India. There needs to be mechanisms to ensure that allergy causing foods are labelled so that allergic reactions can be prevented.
• Hormonal Disorders: One-twelfth of India’s population is diabetic Hyperthyroidism cases are also on the rise in India. Data is not available yet for several hormonal disorders. Hormonal disorders can occur due to exposure to toxins, air pollution and foods rich in fats, sugar and salt. There is poor understanding of hormonal disorders in India. There are currently no policies that reduce consumption of processed foods, increase physical activity among people of all ages and reduce exposure to certain chemicals changing the hormonal balance.
• Respiratory Diseases: Asthma and COPD are the main respiratory diseases affecting people in India. Global warming, air pollution from vehicles smoking tobacco and pollution from industry as well as global warming increases the risk of contracting respiratory illnesses. Global warming has extended the duration of pollens in the air and altered the timing, production and distribution of aeroallergens in the environment. There has been increased airway inflammation that increases frequency of respiratory allergy.

CAUSES OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES

The causes of lifestyle diseases can be categorized into three broad categories:

• Modifiable Risk Factors: Behavioral risk factors such as excessive use of alcohol, bad food habits, eating and smoking tobacco, physical inactivity. prolonged wrong body posture and disturbed biological clock has increased the likelihood of contracting non-communicable lifestyle diseases. Stress related work, modern occupational desk jobs is seen as a potential risk factors associated with lifestyle diseases. Excessive use of sodium and sugars in the diet has resulted in increased rate of death due to lifestyle diseases. Use of tobacco and alcohol are also causing rising incidences of deaths among the vulnerable population.
• Non-modifiable Risk Factors: It leads to major changes in the ability of the body to keep away diseases. Age, race, gender and genetic makeup are major factors that affect the immunity of a person. Different races have different genetic makeup. Males and females are affected separately due to differences in physical and mental setups. As the age increases, people tend to be less immune to various diseases. Increasing physical activity reduces chances of contracting lifestyle diseases.
• Metabolic Risk Factors: Metabolic risk factors include increasing blood pressure, obesity, increasing blood glucose levels and increasing levels of fat These factors aggravate the harmful effects of lifestyle diseases as people become more vulnerable to lifestyle diseases Slow metabolism because of these risk factors weakens the ability of the body to fight against regular disease incidence or seasonal diseases that occur due to change in the environment and conditions.

HOW TO KEEP INDIA HEALTHY AND FREE FROM LIFESTYLE DISEASES?

Access to low quality and poor in nutrition fast food, affordable sugary foods, lack of physical activity has increased the growth of lifestyle diseases.

Hence, there needs to be healthy lifestyle approach and policies should be created which keeps lifestyle diseases under control. There needs to be focus on the following aspects to keep India free from lifestyle diseases:

• Improving Food Habits: There should be strict regulation of low-quality fast food. A national policy can be formulated that promotes lower intake of sugars and salty foods: People should be motivated to consume less fat rich food instead of foods that have more fats.
• Exercise Habits: Regular exercising and physical activity should be promoted among the people so that the incidence of lifestyle diseases can be reduced Regular exercise keeps the metabolism fast and prevents occurrence of diseases as it improves immunity.
• Mental Support: There should be regular mental and social support to mental patients so that no individual feel dejected and depressed Lack of mental and socio-economic support aggravate lifestyle disease incidence among the vulnerable population. Regular mental health services should be provided to mental health patients.
• Avoiding Tobacco and Alcohol Use: Avoiding smoking and alcohol use is an important step in preventing non-communicable lifestyle disease Alcohol, smoking and eating tobacco also increases the likelihood of contracting of lifestyle diseases.
• Educational Interventions: People should be made more aware about healthy lifestyle and good food habits Intervention should be made at the schools and college levels to make students aware about the changing lifestyle and increasing physical activities.

 Lifestyle diseases can be prevented easily with minimal interventions Regular exercise, eating green leafy vegetables, good food habits etc. can be simple preventive techniques to fight against the lifestyle diseases.

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📌Ragging means the youthful pranks done on youngsters to tease them.
📌Tricks are used by seniors to provoke juniors .
📌physical and mental torture by the senior students. Instead of extending a hearty welcome, the newcomers are teased and tormented in various ways. Many become sick and mentally broken
📌It makes them smart and train them to face any odd situation boldly in future.
📌In a glance , it is inhuman method of welcoming freshers.

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Fun Fact: The interviewers are sick of listening to candidates speak about their families, grades, and how strong you are in your domain. I personally just zone out in this phase of the interview.

Pro tip: If you want a job, knowing little to moderate in your domain is more than enough. You get trained from the ground up. What you need to do, is STAND OUT! 

1. If the interview is in person, always start with a FIRM handshake, ALWAYS! This is how you intrigue them and wake them up from their previous boring interviews. 

2. Introduce yourself not with family names, education, grades, etc. but with your personal attributes/ qualities/ strengths. etc. This way you won’t be asked to speak of your strengths later on which is a tricky question since it almost always follows up with a rebuttal from the interviewer, and you won’t’ be experienced/ prepared enough to answer.

3. Don’t speak on things such as Brand Name, Work-Life Balance, Good salary, Growth, Job Security, etc. as reasons to join. You’re in college, you know nothing of these things. 

4. Speak less on what motivates you to join the company (such as the aforementioned points), and more on what you bring to the table and how you would be an asset to the company.

5. Speak firmly on your decision to work and develop your skills/ core knowledge and not on things such as higher studies, or leaving the company for a higher salary. They don’t want to invest time and money in someone who’s gonna leave them.

6. Every Fresher who applies to a company, for Heaven’s sake just spend 5 mins on Wikipedia to read through about them before the interview. Things such as recent mergers, news, top clients, accolades, current CEO, etc. And most importantly their Vision and what makes them stand out in the industry. 

7. Speak in full sentences. (When I ask you if you’re hungry, don’t answer with “yes”, answer with “yes I am, and I’d love to have lunch now”). Avoid using Umm, huh, ahhh, etc. Take time if you have to in between sentences, but don’t be informal. This shows your professional etiquette while conversing. And no, you don’t need to speak in 4 syllable words, just plain and simple English will suffice.

8. Finally, have at least 2-3 questions for the Interviewer, things such as how easy/ difficult it’ll be to both learn and deliver at the same time, on their opinion/ experience of working in said company, on what the company’s expectations are from a trainee, etc. Ask questions that will always demand a positive answer, so the Interviewer ever so slightly sways to your side.

INTRODUCTION

Covid-19 pandemic has undoubtedly shaken up the condition in India. The widespread virus has resulted in nationwide lockdown and, it has not only affected the public but also worsened the economy. The Government of India has since taken all necessary steps to ensure that we are well prepared to face the challenge and threat posed by the growing COVID-19 Corona Virus pandemic. But the economy is struggling with the lockdown and a lot of firms and representatives suspect a doubtful future, a part of the state governments chose to roll out huge improvements in the labour laws. These alterations were made considering it a good measure to boost monetary movement in a few states. But on the other hand, this move may undermine the enthusiasm of workers, who are one of the most defenseless slabs that have been affected by the pandemic. Our Indian labour laws are regularly portrayed as “firm1 “. At the end of the day, it has been contended that gratitude to the difficult lawful prerequisites, firms vacillate from recruiting new labourers since terminating them requires government endorsements. Indian labour laws are made to defend the interests of the labourers. In the outbreak of the COVID-19, numerous states have loosened up the labour laws in the favour of the businesses/employers so outside ventures can be attracted in their states. But this exemption may cause infringement of labour laws in India. It is appropriate to say that the pandemic is a once in a blue moon chance to push through labour reforms. All these things accounted, it is muddled that the whole scale revocation of the labour law framework benefits either work or industry. On the off chance that anything, this is a well-suited second for the administrations, at both the Centre and in the states, to re-establish their responsibility to the DPSP.

Amidst the lockdown due to the fatal covid-19 pandemic, the states were quick to take an important step to relax the labour laws. While at one hand the exemption was to encourage industrial setup and to pump up investments, on the other hand it might increase the difficulties of the workers. The Indian economy has had a major letdown due to the lockdown extended to almost 60 days. In order to revive the economy it is equally important to make a balance between both the employees and the employers. And a sudden exemption of 1000 days in major labour laws has created a disarray of opinion among the decision makers and labour law experts including organizations such as ILO.

But a question arises. From loosing employment, to walking miles to reach home, from starving to death, to getting run over by train while sleeping on tracks, did exemption in labour laws add to the plight of labourers?

RELAXATION IN LABOUR LAWS

In a recent survey by Azim Premji University, 67% of workers have lost their jobs during the lockdown. In addition, the officials have failed to fulfill the needs of the agonizing workers, the migrant labourers who then decided to walk their ways out to their home. The plight just doesn’t end as humanity was shocked when 16 migrant labourers were run over by a goods train while resting.

Now, in the middle of the fatal covid-19 lockdown, many states have urged to bring changes in the labour law by the way of amendments. The sole reason of the urge seems to immune the employers from the labour laws for a while. Most of them have provided an exemption of about 1000 days which is approximately 3 years to the businesses and the employers. However, the laws for deployment of women and children, timely payment of wages will not be relaxed. 

In India, there are around 200 state laws and close to 50 central laws for labour. There are many central laws that are not supposed to brush aside by the state alone without considering and consulting the centre. The ones in favour of the move feel that this will give flexibility to the industry, while the others including labour law experts call it ‘atrocious’.

 “Relaxation in labour laws” for three years could result in “exploitation of workers”, and workers needed “some guard rails” in times like this,” said Ravi Vishwanath, Finance executive at TeamLease. Even if there are a bunch of pros, the fear of exploitation still haunts the workers.

What were the changes?

There are various amendments introduced by the state governments which took place due to Covid-19 outbreak. Those amendments are:

• Working hours in factories can be extended from eight to twelve hours. Employers are also allowed to extend working hours up to seventy two hours per week in overtime, after consultation with the employees.
• Now the factory registration can be performed in only one day instead of 30. And the license renewal can be done after 10 years, rather than in a year. The officers not complying with the deadline can be penalized for non compliance.  
• Industrial Units will be exempted from majority of the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. Organizations will be in a position to keep employees in service at their convenience. The Labour Department or the labour court will now not interfere in the action taken by the industries.
• Contractors who will employ less than 50 employees/workers will be in a position to work without registration under the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970.

Several industries faced tremendous stress due to nationwide lockdown and slump in aggregate demand tweaked labour laws of their respective states. Several state governments in order to boost economic growth and revive these industries have initiated changes in labour laws. These changes were meant to protect their interests and provide them options against the pitfall they faced.

Uttar Pradesh

 Uttar Pradesh government through a very large and ambiguously worded ordinance, exempted all factories and establishments engaged in manufacturing process from the operation of all Labour Laws for a period of three years; (with some exceptions). The state has exempted 10 Minimum Wages Act 1948, Maternity Benefit Act 1961, Industrial Dispute Act 1947 and Trades Union Act 1926 to name a few. The laws exempted from this ordinance are Payment of Wages Act 1936 and The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976. Some provisions of Building and Other Construction Workers Act, 1996 and Factories Act, 1948 will continue to apply that are related to ex gratia payments in case of work-related diseases and disabilities. The ordinance is yet to be approved by the President as it seeks to amend Central legislations.

Madhya Pradesh

Similarly, Madhya Pradesh Government promulgated an ordinance which has amended two state laws i.e. Madhya Pradesh Industrial Employment Act, 1961 and Madhya Pradesh Sharam Kalyan Nidhi Adhiniyam 1982. The 1961 Act regulates the conditions of employment of workers and applies to all establishments with 50 or more workers. The Ordinance increases this threshold to 100 or more workers. Therefore, the Act will no longer apply to industries with between 50 and 100 workers that were previously regulated. The 1982 Act provides for the constitution of a fund that will help labours for finance activities. The Ordinance amends the Act to allow the state government to exempt any establishment or class of establishments from the provisions of the Act through a notification. Government has further amended certain provisions of Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 1 to exempt new establishments from the requirements under the act as long as it feels that there exist a mechanism of dispute resolution in new establishments. Shops and Establishments Act has also been amended, shops are permitted to stay open from 6 a.m. to 12 p.m. (which appears to be a typo for 12 a.m., midnight).

Gujarat

Gujarat has also amended certain labour laws exempting establishments from various obligations pertaining to the welfare of labour. The state has increased working hours from 48 to 72 a week with no overtime pay required Gujarat has also exempted all factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948 from various provisions relating to weekly hours, daily hours, intervals for rest etc., with effect from April 20, 2020, with the following conditions until July 19, 2020: • No adult worker shall be allowed or required to work in a factory for more than twelve (12) hours a day and seventy-two (72) hours in a week. • No worker shall work for more than six (6) hours before he has had an interval for rest for at least half an hour on each day. 11 • No female worker shall be allowed or required to work in a factory between 7:00 PM to 6:00 AM. • Wages shall be in proportion of the existing wages. (E.g. if wages for eight (8) hours are Rs. 80, then the proportionate wages for twelve (12) hours will be Rs. 120).

Rajasthan

Rajasthan has also tweaked their labour laws in the favour of industries and other manufacturing establishments, both the states have increased the working hour from 8 to 12 per day with overtime.

Was it a good decision?

The relaxed labour laws might have made it easier for the businesses to run, but the question is, did it put the interests of labourers and workers at stake? This is because amid the covid-19 breakdown, workers and labourers are more prone to risks. This risk came along with the relaxed labour laws which exempted the essential provisions such as healthcare, sanitization and working conditions. While there is no doubt that a great challenge for businesses is created by the pandemic. The relaxation in the laws will promote an environment for industries to start off at new speed. It will help India to work on their pre-planned programs like ‘Make in India’, ‘Skill in India’. But on the other hand, it will create a new phase of problems for the workers who already have nothing in their pockets.

Suggestions

The State Government should improve the ambience of industries. This is especially required in the times of pandemic. The virus can be fatal and in contemplation of their lives, sustaining the living condition, working condition, sanitization is very important. In addition, maintaining social distancing is the need of the hour. All of these can only be ensured by the government when they will enforce the industries to abide by it. Another strand to this is the ‘Exploitation of workers’, which is yet another threat. As soon as the lockdown lifts, the people who are already desperate for wages, work and means of livelihood will be the target of exploitation. Extension of work hours from 8 to 12 hours per day has solved the problem of shortage in supply of workers. But this will cascade the old methods of abuse of the helpless labourers. Thus, it is necessary to assure the well being of the workers. The skilled and productive workers will be given adequate opportunities while the weaker ones will be exempted from proper wages and protective environment. This problem is not unpredictable and thus the Government is obligated to resolve the same.

One would suggest that with manipulation of workers, the industries, businesses and workplaces need to ensure the living condition, health and hygiene, no abuse, fair treatment, social distancing, sanitization, interests and well being of the workers ad labourers too. The Government is supposed to requisite such instructions and enforces them without any flaw. Perceiving the risk of exploitation and unfair treatment, several Trade union activists have joined the battleground. They exclaimed that the decision of government ‘completely lacks sensitivity’. They have demanded for proper sanitizers and masks in order to save their lives. Moreover, proper cooked food for the stranded workers. In fact, the informal women workers are barely getting anything. Due to the huge gender based wage cycle, the women who work for informal sectors such as domestic work, waste picking, construction work, street vending etc are hardly being paid. The Government need not overlook this and cannot have a lockdown exit strategy which ignores women.

CONCLUSION

It is a speculation that with uplifting the bar of labour laws, Indian markets are competing with the authoritarian markets of China. With removal or relaxation of all but three laws in some of the most impactful states has created chaos among employers and employees. While the labour reform was the most anticipated one by the industrialists and businesses, it can be a curse for the labourers. India is a democratic country and holds a socialist economy which ensures equity and welfare of the general public. The most important thing to be kept in mind is to create a balance between the rights and duties employers and employees. For providing bread to a person, we cannot snatch it from the other, similarly to boost the economic growth we cannot take away protection from the workers. In an already lethal situation which the country is, we cannot make workers to put their life at cost. But the labour reform was always something the country needed, keeping this in mind; the decision cannot be claimed as a bad move. The economy was not in a good condition at first place and as many companies are seeking to withdraw their hands from China, we cannot have a better opportunity. Many have the view that the laws must be relaxed permanently, so that the relaxations will help industry get back on its feet. “At the very least, ease some of its current pain—which, in the long run, will benefit workers more than the immobilizing labour laws that were enacted to ensure the workers’ interests were preserved.”       

But with that the government must ensure living conditions, adequate pay, wages and opportunities. India has come through facing worker exploitation since ages, it has improved a lot but we cannot afford to go all the years back.

The RAPID DECOLONISATION process that followed after the SECOND WORLD WAR brought into existence numerous states in AFRICA, ASIA, and THE CARRIBBEAN which were mostly SMALL or MIDDLE-SIZED and were UNDERDEVELOPED and POLITICALLY WEAK. They faced twin tasks of NATION-BUILDING as well as TACKLING the INTERNAL dissenting forces within their societies. Alongside they had a HERCULEAN task of COPING up with UNDERDEVELOPMENT and working towards DEVELOPMENT. It is these nations whose governments came together under the Umbrella of the NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT (NAM).

The NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT (NAM) belongs to the DEVELOPING WORLD and is a COALITION of SMALL and MIDDLE-SIZED STATES of the DEVELOPING WORLD, mostly “FORMER COLONIES”. Taking its roots from the BELGRADE CONFERENCE in 1961 with the participation of 25 countries, NAM has grown over the years through several conferences and now more than 100 countries are its members. The NON- ALIGNED MOVEMENT (NAM) is a forum of 120 developing world states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. The MOVEMENT originated in the 1950s, as an efforts by some countries to avoid the POLARISED WORLD of the COLD WAR between COMMUNIST and CAPITALIST STATES. The BANDUNG CONFERENCE of 18-24 APRIL 1955 in INDONESIA was an AFRO- ASIAN CONFERENCE, and it marked the beginning of the NON-ALIGNMENT MOVEMENT although it was formally initiated at the BELGRADE CONFERENCE in 1961. Post- Second World War also witnessed the outbreak of COLD WAR resulting in the hostilities of the two major powers, THE UNITED STATES and THE SOVIET UNION. The COLD WAR was further fuelled when the USA adopted a policy of CONTAINMENT OF COMMUNISM throughout the world, as the USSR was doing the same. The newly independent states that wanted to tide over their own problems of development and shared a similar kind of EXPLOITATIVE COLONIAL PAST, wanted to belong to neither of the camps and envisioned a POSITION OF NEUTRALITY- NON ALIGNMENT. The NAM originated under the leadership of JAWAHARLAL LAL NEHRU (INDIA), MARSHAL TITO ( YUGOSLAVIA), KUSNO SUKARNO (INDONESIA), KWAME NKRUMAH (GHANA), and GAMAL ABDEL NASSER (EGYPT). They forged a strong coalition of states from ASIA, AFRICA, EUROPE, THE ARAB WORLD and LATIN AMERICA and the CARRIBBEAN. NEHRU made it very clear, that INDIA would belong to ONE-CAMP- “THE CAMP OF PEACE” “GOODWILL” and “COOPERATION”. The NON-ALIGNED countries devised a flexible organisational structure and they meet from time to time in different regions of the world to garner support for some specific issues and also to promote their objectives. The NAM has been a major Movement in INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, primarily aiming at changing the existing GLOBAL STRUCTURE and creating a more JUST, EQUAL AND PEACEFUL WORLD ORDER. In essence, it is an ANTI- IMPERIALIST MOVEMENT. WHAT ARE ITS OBJECTIVES? Well, there are many OBJECTIVES OF NAM, BUT listed some of the important ones:. * Peace and disarmament, especially the reduction of tensions between the major powers. * Independence, including the right of self-determination of all colonial peoples and the RIGHT OF EQUALITY BETWEEN ALL RACES. * ECONOMIC EQUALITY, and many more! The NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT (NAM) which was born in the backdrop of the COLD WAR TENSIONS between the two super powers, worked for PEACE, COOPERATION, SECURITY, DISARMAMENT, INDEPENDENCE, DEVELOPMENT, among NATIONS. There have been many questions amongst various scholars and writers about the relevance of NAM today. IS IT STILL RELEVANT TODAY? EVEN AFTER THE END OF COLD WAR? WELL, why this question even arises? Perhaps it will be not an exaggeration to say that today we are living in an all together- new world! The breaking up of USSR into 15 new REPUBLICS, the UNITED GERMANY and a new EUROPE as a new socio-economic, political entity. Some people argue that, the NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT (NAM) was the product of the COLD WAR and BIPOLAR ISM: and that since the COLD WAR Is ended, and SOVIET UNION is no more, NAM has lost its RELEVANCE. According to some others, the task approached by the NAM , has been accomplished. For instance, COLONIES have gained INDEPENDENCE leading to no more COLONIZATION OF COLONIES, APARTHEID is being dismantled, the COLD WAR IS ENDED. SO, hence, there was no need and relevance of it.

But, as we say there are always two sides of COIN: and hence, RELEVANCE OF NAM can be classified as follows: *Earlier, the NAM was a POLITICAL MOVEMENT, but now the movement is shifting it’s Political concept to ECONOMIC. It is also true that the BIPOLARITY of the world is ENDED, after the COLD WAR but still, the world has an economic gap between the DEVELOPED AND THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Obviously, as long as the ECONOMIC GAP exists between these countries, the NAM continues as RELEVANT in today’s world order too! * NAM continues to hold relevance,to maintain WORLD PEACE! It mainly aims to establish a peaceful and prosperous world. * NAM as an international organization is still relevant due to its principles. The idea of preserving the INDEPENDENCE of every NATION, to save it’s TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY and SOVEREIGNTY still holds its relevance.

Hence, in the end we can say that NAM can never be irrelevant. As whatever the world is- MULTIPOLAR, UNIPOLAR, OR BIPOLAR, NON-ALIGNMENT as a FOREIGN POLICY of the THIRD WORLD STATES will continue to remain Valid. Therefore, it is still believed that the NAM has significant relevance in the present day world.

We are living in a digital era and now a days, almost everyone use computer and internet. Due to most of things are easily accessible online to us and we can perform various tasks digitally, our dependency on digital things has increased vastly, which has led to the increase in illegal computer activity, due to which people who are less aware of how things work in digital world are becoming venerable to such type of crimes. These crimes includes sharing of personal information publically or stealing of money from bank account.

A cyber-attack (which is usually performed by Cyber Criminals) is exploitation of computer systems, technology-dependent organizations and networks. Cyber-attacks use malicious code to alter computer code, logic or data, resulting in consequences that can compromise data of user or organization and lead to cybercrime, like information and identity theft. The people who commit cybercrime are called as Cyber Criminals. They commit such crimes in hope of gathering important data, or generating profits, etc. Cyber Crime is punishable by law in India, According to the IT ACT.

Various types of Cyber Attacks:

Cyber Attack can be classified into two Categories which are:

• Web Based Attack
• System Based Attack

Web Based Attack:

These are the attacks which occur on a website or web applications. It can be further classified into following type of attacks:

• Injection Attack: It is the attack in which some data will be injected into a web application to manipulate the application and fetch the required information. E.g. SQL Injection, code Injection, log Injection, XML Injection etc.
  • SQL Injection – The cybercriminal exploits a vulnerability by inserting a malicious SQL statement in an entry field. The system does not filter the user input correctly for characters in an SQL statement. Criminals use SQL injection on websites or any SQL database.
  • XML Injection – an XML injection is an attack that can corrupt the data. After the user provides input, the system accesses the required data via a query. The problem occurs when the system does not properly scrutinize the input request provided by the user. Criminals can manipulate the query by programming it to suit their needs and can access the information on the database.
• DNS Spoofing: In this a data is introduced into a DNS resolver’s cache causing the name server to return an incorrect IP address, diverting traffic to the attacker’s computer or any other computer. The DNS spoofing attacks can go on for a long period of time without being detected and can cause serious security issues.
• Session Hijacking: It is a security attack on a user session over a protected network. Web applications create cookies to store the state and user sessions. By stealing the cookies, an attacker can have access to all of the user data.
• Phishing: It is a type of attack which attempts to steal sensitive information like user login credentials and credit card number. It occurs when an attacker is masquerading as a trustworthy entity in electronic communication.
• Denial of Service: It is an attack which meant to make a server or network resource unavailable to the users. It accomplishes this by flooding the target with traffic or sending it information that triggers a crash. It uses the single system and single internet connection to attack a server.
• Man in the Middle Attack: It is a type of attack that allows an attacker to intercepts the connection between client and server and acts as a bridge between them. Due to this, an attacker will be able to read, insert and modify the data in the intercepted connection.

System Based Attack:

These are the attacks which are intended to compromise a computer or a computer network. Some of the system-based attacks are:

• Sniffing: Sniffing is similar to eavesdropping. Criminals can do network sniffing with a software application, hardware device, or a combination of the two. Sniffing views all network traffic and it can target a specific protocol, service, or even string of characters such as a login or password.
• Spoofing: Spoofing is an impersonation attack, and it takes advantage of a trusted relationship between two systems. If two systems accept the authentication accomplished by each other, an individual logged onto one system might not go through an authentication process again to access the other system. An attacker can take advantage of this arrangement by sending a packet to one system that appears to have come from a trusted system. Since the trusted relationship is in place, the targeted system may perform the requested task without authentication.
• Trojan-Horse: It is a malicious program that occurs unexpected changes to computer setting and unusual activity, even when the computer should be idle. It misleads the user of its true intent. It appears to be a normal application but when opened/executed some malicious code will run in the background.
• Worm: It is a type of malware whose primary function is to replicate itself to spread to uninfected computers. It works same as the computer virus.
• Virus: It is a type of malicious software program that spread throughout the computer files without the knowledge of a user. It is a self-replicating malicious computer program that replicates by inserting copies of itself into other computer programs when executed. It can also execute instructions that cause harm to the system.
• Buffer Overflow: It occurs when data goes beyond the limits of a buffer. Buffers are memory areas allocated to an application. By changing data beyond the boundaries of a buffer, the application accesses memory allocated to other processes. This can lead to a system crash, data compromise, or provide escalation of privileges.
• Zero Day Attack: Itis a computer attack that tries to exploit software vulnerabilities that are unknown or undisclosed by the software vendor to the public.

  Salman Rushdie has painted all the characters of this novel with dexterity. Postcolonial imagery has been masterfully depicted in this novel. The ideological aspect of being born at midnight has been efficiently described. Getting innate magical power is one of the aspects of this novel. Born in the middle of the night and gaining the freedom to be a citizen of independent India, has been described with expertise. The characterization of Salim and Padma has strongly increased the predominance of this novel. One of the major observations in the history of Indian independence has emerged here.

           ‘Midnight’s children’ refers to those who are in the middle of two completely different times. It’s a story about the transfer of different edges and with these come the direction of historical observation. Political persuasion has been evident strongly. The dual expression of fear and courage, an indomitable desire not to be invincible are sort of insight here. Inquisitive behaviour of the characters and their transfer are self-assimilation of themselves.

The spiritual manifestation of the author’s self-vision has been proclaimed through illustration. The pre and post independence precedents of independence are given entirely in this text.

BOOks play a quntessential role in every student life by introducing them to a world by imagination ,providing knowledge of the outside world ,improving their reading writing and speaking skill as well a loosting memory and intelligence one key benefit of inculating the habit of reading is the development of critical thinking skills.

Reading look increase your knowledge enhance your inventuness builds your vocabulary and generally makes you smarts .Books give plenty of joy to students ,and they learned a lot of things from books .They take them into a unique world of imagination and imporove the standard of living.Books help to insipre students to do hardwork with courage and hope .