Humans have been drinking alcohol for thousands of years. Alcohol is both a chemical and a psychoactive drug. In chemistry, an alcohol exists when a hydroxyl group, a pair of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, replaces the hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon. Alcohols bind with other atoms to create secondary alcohols. These secondary alcohols are the three types of alcohol that humans use every day: methanol, isopropanol, and ethanol.

Different Types of Alcoholic Drinks By Alcohol Content

There are many different kinds of alcoholic drinks, and some of them contain more alcohol than others.  The types of alcoholic drinks  with higher concentrations of alcohol are able to cause drunkenness and alcohol poising more quickly and in smaller doses.

Whiskey : Whiskey is a spirit made from  fermented grain. The ABV of whiskey ranges from 40% to 50%.

Rum : Rum, a distilled drink made from fermented sugarcane or molasses, has a typical alcohol concentration of 40% ABV. Some rum is “overproof,” meaning that it has alcohol concentration of at least 57.5% ABV. Most overproof rum exceeds this minimum, usually reaching 75.5% ABV, which is equivalent to 151 proof.

Tequila : Tequila is a type of liquor. The main ingredient of tequila is the Mexican agave plant. The alcohol concentration of tequila is typically about 40% ABV.

Vodka : Vodka, a liquor usually made from fermented grains and potatoes, has a standard alcohol concentration of 40% ABV in the United States.

Pros and cons of moderate alcohol use : Moderate alcohol consumption may provide some health benefits, such as:

• Reducing your risk of developing and dying of heart disease
• Possibly reducing your risk of ischemic stroke (when the arteries to your brain become narrowed or blocked, causing severely reduced blood flow)
• Possibly reducing your risk of diabetes

However, eating a healthy diet and being physically active have much greater health benefits and have been more extensively studied.Keep in mind that even moderate alcohol use isn’t risk-free. For example, even light drinkers (those who have no more than one drink a day) have a tiny, but real, increased risk of some cancers, such as esophageal cancer. And drinking and driving is never a good idea.

Risks of heavy alcohol use : While moderate alcohol use may offer some health benefits, heavy drinking — including binge drinking — has no health benefits.Heavy or high-risk drinking is defined as more than three drinks on any day or more than seven drinks a week for women and for men older than age 65, and more than four drinks on any day or more than 14 drinks a week for men age 65 and younger.

Binge drinking is defined as four or more drinks within two hours for women and five or more drinks within two hours for men.Excessive drinking can increase your risk of serious health problems, including:

• Certain cancers, including breast cancer and cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus and liver
• Pancreatitis
• Sudden death if you already have cardiovascular disease
• Heart muscle damage (alcoholic cardiomyopathy) leading to heart failure
• Stroke
• High blood pressure
• Liver disease
• Suicide
• Accidental serious injury or death
• Brain damage and other problems in an unborn child
• Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

If you don’t drink alcohol, don’t start because of potential health benefits. However, if you drink a light to moderate amount and you’re healthy, you can probably continue as long as you drink responsibly. Be sure to check with your doctor about what’s right for your health and safety.

History:

The history of agriculture record the domestication of plants and animals and the development and dissemination of techniques for raising them productively.

Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and includes a diverse range of taxa.

At least eleven separate region of the old and new world were involved as independent centre of origin.

Types of agriculture:

1. Subsistence agriculture
2. Kinds of subsistence agriculture
3. Industrialized agriculture.

TOP AGRICULTURE COURSE IN INDIA

b.sc in agriculture.

b.sc in genetic plant breeding

b.sc in agriculture economic and farm management.

b.sc in animals husbandry

b.sc in horticulture

b.sc in forestry.

Development:

Agriculture communities development approximately 10,000yrs ago when human began to domesticate plants, animals.

by establishing domesticity, families and larger group were able to build communities and transition from a nomadic hunter gather lifestyle dependent on foragaing and hunting for survival.

Density:

Agriculture density measure the no. Of farmers specially on each unit of farmland.

This means people who work the earth on specific plots of land that are used for this.

services:

Detailed information on the government policies, scheme, agriculture loans, market price, animals husbandry, fisheries, horticulture, loans &credit, sericulture etc. Also available.

Ratan Naval Tata was born on December 28, 1937, in Bombay (now Mumbai), an Indian businessman who became chairman (1991 – 2012 and 2016 – 17) of the Tata Group, a Mumbai-based conglomerate.

Ratan Tata was the Chairman of Tata Sons, the holding company of the Tata group, from 1991 until his retirement on December 28, 2012. He was also chairman of the major Tata companies, including Tata Motors, Tata Steel, Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Power, Tata Global Beverages, Tata Chemicals, Indian Hotels, and Tata Teleservices. Becoming the Chairman of the Tata Group in 1991 in his 21, he brought international recognition for the Tata Group.

Now retired from the corporate sphere, he retains the chairmanship of the Tata Trusts. The trusts hold around 66 percent of the equity capital of Tata Sons Limited, the holding company of the Tata Group.

A member of a prominent family of Indian industrialists and philanthropists. He holds a Bachelors’s degree in Architecture from Cornell University, USA, and has pursued an Advanced Management Program from the Harvard Business School, USA.

Under his leadership, the revenues of the Tata Group grew more than 40 times. The profits abounded by over 50 times. The company that made only $5.7 billion in 1991 made around $103 billion in 2016.

Ratan thinks that ‘Philanthropy’ can be seen in different perspectives, earlier ‘philanthropy’ was to develop institutions, charitable hospitals, etc. whereas, now it’s more about nation-building.

Tata is a supporter of education, medicine, and rural development, and is considered a leading philanthropist in India. More than 65% of his shares are invested in charitable trusts.

Tata Education and Development Trust, a philanthropic affiliate of the Tata Group, endowed a $28 million Tata Scholarship Fund that will allow Cornell University to provide financial aid to undergraduate students from India.

In 2010, Tata Group companies and Tata charities donated $50 million for the construction of an executive center at Harvard Business School. The hall was named Tata Hall.

In 2014, the Tata Group gave ₹950 million to IIT, Bombay, the largest donation received in its history, and formed the Tata Center for Technology and Design to develop design and engineering principles suited to the needs of people and communities with limited resources.

This year, he pledged ₹1,500 crores to fight the Covid-19 pandemic.

Ratan Tata set a perfect example of generosity and leadership during the 26/11 Mumbai attacks. Unarmed, he stood all alone outside the Taj hotel and supervised the activities to help the victims. He showcased his humane gesture by personally visiting the families of all the 80 employees who were killed or injured.

He is a member of the Indian Prime Minister’s Council on Trade and Industry. He is the president of the Court of the Indian Institute of Science and chairman of the Council of Management of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.

The Government of India honored Mr. Tata with its second-highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, in 2008 and Padma Bhushan (2000). He has also received honorary doctorates from several universities in India and overseas.

Self-confidence is a person’s belief or trust in their own ability. It means you accept and trust yourself and have a sense of control in your life. Self-confidence can be defined as the belief and assurance you feel towards yourself. It is not something you are taught in school, as confidence has to come from inside. In a way, it’s freedom from doubting about every step you take in life. Self-confidence is one of the most important routes you have to take in your path to success. It makes a person independent, eager, optimistic, loving and positive. We see people in school, workplaces and public sectors who have achieved success be more initiative, more active, and more confident with their decisions, making them stand out from the crowd.

But when it comes to a person who cannot trust themselves or believe in themselves, success is a hard gain for them. They become more vulnerable to criticism and failure. They also find it super hard to get back on their feet and carry on. Everyone who has self-confidence gets to enjoy various perks that come along with that state of mind. The way to gain self-confidence is completely personal and an internal decision. Just like self-love, self-confidence takes time to acquire. But once you start believing in yourself, no one can stop you from conquering all the heights in your life and career. A self-confident man also knows how to be heard with dignity, when there is a difference of opinion. All this takes practice, but the most important thing is the belief that you can be better.

HOW TO BOOST YOUR SELF-CONFIDENCE?

Do something you’re good at ; Everyone has talent , Recognize that and try to build on those things which help to boost your self-confidence.

Talk to yourself ; you’re never going to feel confident if you have negative thoughts in your mind telling you that you’re no good.

Build positive relationships ; if you find certain people tend to bring you down, try to spend less time with them, or tell them how you feel about their words or actions. Try to build relationships with people who are positive and who appreciate you.

Give yourself a challenge ; we all feel nervous or afraid to do things at times. But people with healthy self-esteem do not let these feelings stop them trying new things or taking on challenges.

Look at what you’ve already achieved ; It’s easy to lose confidence if you believe you haven’t achieved anything. Make a list of all the things you’re proud of in your life, whether it’s getting a good mark on an exam or learning some new stuff. Keep the list close by and add to it whenever you do something you’re proud of. When you’re low in confidence, pull out the list and use it to remind yourself of all the awesome stuff you’ve done.

Get a hobby ; Try to find something that you’re really passionate about. It could be photography, sport, dancing, singing or anything else! When you’ve worked out your passion, commit yourself to giving it a go.

“Mental health is not a destination, but a process. It’s about how you drive, not where you’re
going.”
Mental health refers to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being. It is all about how
people think, feel, and behave.Mental health is an integral and essential component of health.
The WHO constitution states: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” An important implication of this
definition is that mental health is more than just the absence of mental disorders or
disabilities.It is an integral part of health; indeed, there is no health without mental health.
Mental health can affect daily living, relationships, and physical health.The COVID-19 pandemic
and the resulting economic recession have negatively affected many people’s mental health
and created new barriers for people already suffering from mental illness and substance use
disorders.It is common for everyone to experience increased levels of distress and anxiety,
particularly as a result of social isolation. Physicians and other frontline health care
professionals are particularly vulnerable to negative mental health effects as they strive to
balance the duty of caring for patients with concerns about their own well-being and that of
their family and friends. It is normal to feel fearful and anxious during tough times like this.We
must Treat ourselves with kindness and respect, and avoid self-criticism. This is the best time
for making time for our hobbies and favorite projects. We can do many things like daily
crossword puzzle, plant a garden, take dance lessons, learn to play an instrument or become
fluent in another language.Taking care of ourselves physically can improve our mental health.
We must eat nutritious meals, avoid smoking and vaping, drink plenty of water, exercise, which
helps decrease depression and anxiety and improve moods, get enough sleep. Researchers
believe that lack of sleep contributes to a high rate of depression in college students. Some
other ways by which people can overcome stress and anxiety are, volunteer your time and
energy to help someone else. You’ll feel good about doing something tangible to help someone
in need — and it’s a great way to meet new people.Try meditating, Mindfulness and/or prayer.
Relaxation exercises and prayer can improve your state of mind and outlook on life. In fact,
research shows that meditation may help you feel calm and enhance the effects of
therapy.Decide what you want to achieve academically, professionally and personally, and
write down the steps you need to realize your goals. Aim high, but be realistic and don’t over-
schedule. You’ll enjoy a tremendous sense of accomplishment and self-worth as you progress
toward your goal. As rightly said by Michelle Obama –
“Sadly, too often, the stigma around mental health prevents people who need help from
seeking it. But that simply doesn’t make any sense. Whether an illness affects your heart, your
arm or your brain, it’s still an illness, and there shouldn’t be any distinction…we should make it
clear that getting help isn’t a sign of weakness — it’s a sign of strength — and we should ensure that people can get the treatment they need.” In short we can say that mental health is as
important as physical health and we must take good care of both.

by Yogiraj Sadaphal

In India, Gender Discrimination has existed for a long time. Even now, there are some sections of Indian Society who regard the girl child as a burden. Girls are generally constrained to the boundaries of the house and given very few or no opportunities to study and grow in life, whereas boys are given a number of advantages. Cases of Female Infanticide continue to be documented, which is a great shame. According to the 2011 census, India has just 918 females for every 1000 boys.

Only Equality helps Nation to Grow.

It is impossible to overlook the fact that the progress of our country is intimately connected to the advancement of women. This is why, in order to improve women’s lives, crime against women should be eliminated and stricter laws enacted. The government should create a strong framework to prevent members of all socioeconomic classes from degrading women in any way. Only better legislation can aid in the advancement of women’s rights in our country. It is important to remember that the future of our country depends on educating and protecting the girl child.

What Girls Can Do?

Despite the fact that girls outshine boys in many fields, parents still prefer a boy child. Girls have proven to be superior to boys in every field. They have also been to space as a result of their hard work and dedication. They are more capable, obedient, hardworking, and accountable for their families and lives. Girls, on the other hand, are more devoted and loving toward their parents. Above all, they put up their best effort in all of their projects.

Here are some of India’s finest achievements by women.

• Pratibha Patil – First Women President

• Kiran Bedi – First women IPS officer of India.

• Kalpana Chawla – First women of India to reach space.

• Anna Chandy – First female judge.

• Fatima Beevi – First female judge of Supreme Court.

• Gita Gopinath – First Indian women appointed as Chief Economist at IMF.

• Avani Chaturvedi – First Indian women fighter pilot to fly solo.

• Mithali Raj – First women to score double 100 in test cricket.

• Arunima Sinha – First Indian female amputee to climb Mountains Everest.

As you can see from the examples above, today’s girls are surpassing their male colleagues in every subject, including science, technology, games, astronautics, adventure, and politics. In our society, daughters hold the same value as sons. They should not be deprived of their freedom and liberties.

The Indian Government has taken the following steps to protect Girl child.

The government has made numerous efforts and launched numerous campaigns to rescue girl child. Save the girl child (Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao) is the government’s most current program to aggressively encourage people to save the girl child. Aside from that, a variety of NGOs, enterprises, corporate groupings, and human rights commissions organize campaigns to save girl children.

Crime against women is a major hindrance to the country’s development and growth. The government, on the other hand, takes this issue seriously and has banned sex determination ultrasound, amniocentesis, and scan testing in hospitals and labs in order to prevent female feticide.

It is necessary to change the patriarchal Indian society’s traditional mindset, which regards girls as liabilities. It must be shown that girls are not inferior to boys in any way. They have the potential to excel in several areas of life if given the proper opportunities to develop their talent and skills.

Free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of fourteen is a constitutional commitment in India. The Indian Parliament had passed the Right to Education Act in 2009 when education became a basic right for all children aged 6-14.

Efforts by the Central Government and the Government have led to an increase in enrollment but the goal of whole school education in the real sense is still a far cry. Unless the efficiency of the lower level of education is improved higher education levels cannot be expected to gain quantum enrollment.

The site presents details of the latest initiatives undertaken in the Indian Education sector including the emergence of an education policy from 1966 to 2020. Full details are available on all Centrally-funded programs, such as DPEP, SSA, RMSA, Samagra Shiksha, and other such programs. The site also presents a review of the School Education Quality Index (SEQI), Performance Grading Index (PGI) & Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

In addition to the number of children, the site also provides comprehensive statistics for all levels of education including the Unified District Information System for Education (U-DISE) & All Survey India on Higher Education (AISHE). A separate section on regional planning focuses on planning plans under Samagra Shiksha and presents a critical review of the architectural plan under Sagra Shiksha Abhiyan launched in 2018 by the Government of India. Exposure to People 6-11, 11-13 years, etc. At regional and government level and the Report of the Expert Committee on Population Projections set-up by the Ministry of Health & Social Welfare. With the EXCEL Sheet Templet, one can project a region or even block the number of children per year.

Are you also looking for self Improvement tips ? Well you’re not alone .

Everyone tries their best to get ahead in life with the best version of themselves. But how many are successful in doing so, well not many people. It is essential to have a good relationship with your inner self; only then we can achieve overall growth.

In this article, we talk about proven self-improvement ideas to change your life. The reason it is advised to have a clear vision of your goals, and if you stay connected to yourself, you are more likely to succeed.

Ever since we were young, we were told to excel in academics, focus on getting good grades and ace our exams. In schools and colleges, the learning has always been more directed towards academic courses but what about aspects like self-improvement and personal development that play an equally important role in people’s lives?

Self Improvement Skills You Should Start Using Today:

Improve your sleep patterns

Today, many sleep disorders like insomnia are having negative implications for people’s health. Insomnia, in turn, is associated with many life-threatening diseases such as cancer, chronic pain, hypertension, arthritis, fibromyalgia, and depression. Sleep is also very important for resetting your body and brain functions. There are many animals that go into hibernation in order to reset their bodies. For example, Grizzly bears and polar bears go for six months in hibernation; or snails can hibernate for as many as three years! Clearly, sleep is important for every living being as much as it is for humans. Maybe we should learn a little bit from nature.

Be Grateful-

Being grateful makes you understand the importance of what you have. The people around you, the place you are at, is what everyone should be thankful for. Only then will we appreciate the little things in life when we start giving them the deserved value. It will help you lift your spirit and also allow you to learn gratitude.

“Start your every day with a positive thought and a grateful heart”

As a personal development tip, one should learn to be grateful for everyone around them. Begin your day with gratitude, and you will start to see the difference between the attitude towards your life.

Love yourself-

This is the main key to self-development. We have heard it many times, but to apply this in our lives is very important. When we learn to love ourselves, we gain more than just confidence. It gives us the ability to love others as well, embrace the changes life throws at us.

“Love yourself first and everything else falls into line . You really have to love yourself to get anything done in this world”

Never depend on others solely for your happiness; it can end up in heartache. But if you have a good relationship with yourself, you will respect yourself. Also, this will give you the courage to move out of your comfort zone.Complimenting yourself each day will help you and try to make it a practice because why wait for others to do it. As if you learn to love and respect yourself, then this is how you teach others to treat you.

Follow your passion

Often people complain about not doing what they are best at. But they are not successful or happy, are they? This is why one must learn to follow the passion in their life, be it as a professional or as an additional activity. But one must always spend time following their passion. This fills your heart with contentment, and it is important to be happy for self-improvement.

“Passion is energy . Feel the power that comes from focusing on what excites you”

One must feel the kind of energy that comes from within when they are doing something they are passionate about. This is all about learning to do something with love as it gives you a purpose.

Being self-dependent

This way, you can help yourself get back together even when you fall. It’s much easier to pick yourself back up if you are not waiting on someone else to help you. It is essential to learn to become self-dependent. It not only gives you a sense of confidence but also builds self-reliance, which is good in ways to improve yourself every day.

“Expect more from yourself than from others”

Our entire lives can not be relied on by other people, and it should be changed as we grow up. This is a necessary change for everyone as it gives you a chance to learn more about yourself.

Practice self care

What is self care ? Self-care encourages you to maintain a healthy relationship with yourself so that you can transmit the good feelings to others. You cannot give to others what you don’t have yourself. While some may misconstrue self-care as selfish, it’s far from that. When you pay adequate attention to your well-being, you’re not considering your needs alone. You’re reinvigorating yourself so that you can be the best version of yourself for the people around you. Everyone around you also benefits from the renewed energy and joy you exhibit.

“Self care is how you take your power back”

Rrapping up :

We hope these self-improvement tips will drive you to a change that leads to a happy life. Remember, no matter what people say, you know what’s best for you. These tips are only to help you improve yourself in case you are looking for some. We do not encourage you to self-sabotage or degrade yourself; each person is unique in its way.

Preparing notes is one of the important aspects of any students way of preparing for the GATE exam. It is very crucial to make notes so that you can revise the subjects in the last days of revision in the most efficient way. The notes must be precise and should be written in such a way so that you can revise the GATE Syllabus as soon as possible so that anything is not missed. Well, there is no method to make notes that one should follow, everyone has their own way to make notes but it is important so that it is helpful for you to understand at the time of revision and cover the full syllabus of GATE as much as it can. So if you are preparing for the exam then it’s very important to know how to prepare notes for GATE as the questions mostly rely on important concepts and formulae from the syllabus. So please go through this article to know how short notes as per the GATE exam pattern can help in your preparation.

How to make Notes for GATE:

A. Read the subject thoroughly:

• Always read the subject fully so that you can understand what to know if you start to prepare notes before reading the subject then for the first few chapters you will make more notes than the other important chapters in the end.
• The notes should always be precise hence to make precise study the subject and get the concepts.

B. Do, not Copy from textbooks:

• Sometimes when students start making notes they generally copy the material from the textbook or article online. This must be avoided, because when we start making notes like that then when the notes are completed they become very bulky and not revisable in the end. Always prepare short notes and the material must be precise.

C. Use Highlights:

• Always use some highlighting or coloured pens to make your notes helps you in revising quickly. Divide your concepts into the defined colours and use them to highlight your notes so you exactly know what you are revising.

D. If Possible make Digital notes:

• Now-a-days people are preferring notes on an online/digital form like on Notes or google docs. This allows revising your notes anywhere and anytime on your phone, tablet or laptops.
• Since the exam is going to be in an online form for GATE so it also prepares to concentrate on a screen for long as some students feel a little difficult to do so.

E. Be Disciplined:

• Only notes preparation is not effective until we revise them. Hence it is very important to know that you need to revise the notes with a lot of discipline and also prepare them with discipline.

F. Don’t copy Be Original:

• Make your notes by yourself. Sometimes we are influenced by others and in copying them we lose our originality. Make your notes yourself so that it is original in itself. The strategy should be made by yourself only.

Conclusion

There are still other innovative methods used by students to make short notes. Few students even jot down the points on the books itself in the margin area. Some students go to an extent of taking screenshots of the concepts and underlying the important lines in the screenshot itself. Hence, making good notes is vital for your preparation.

Dry eye syndrome (DES), also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is the condition of having dry eyes.

Dry eye disease is a common condition that occurs when your tears aren’t able to provide adequate lubrication for your eyes. Tears can be inadequate and unstable for many reasons. For example, dry eyes may occur if you don’t produce enough tears or if you produce poor-quality tears. This tear instability leads to inflammation and damage of the eye’s surface.

Dry eyes feel uncomfortable. If you have dry eyes, your eyes may sting or burn. You may experience dry eyes in certain situations, such as on an airplane, in an air-conditioned room, while riding a bike or after looking at a computer screen for a few hours.

Treatments for dry eyes may make you more comfortable. These treatments can include lifestyle changes and eyedrops. You’ll likely need to take these measures indefinitely to control the symptoms of dry eyes.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms, which usually affect both eyes, may include:

• A stinging, burning or scratchy sensation in your eyes.
• Stringy mucus in or around your eyes.
• Sensitivity to light.
• Eye redness.
• A sensation of having something in your eyes.
• Difficulty wearing contact lenses.
• Difficulty with nighttime driving.
• Watery eyes, which is the body’s response to the irritation of dry eyes.
• Blurred vision or eye fatigue.

Causes

Decreased tear production

Dry eyes can occur when you’re unable to produce enough water (aqueous fluid). The medical term for this condition is keratoconjunctivitis sicca (ker-uh-toe-kun-junk-tih-VY-tis SIK-uh). Common causes of decreased tear production include:

• Aging
• Certain medical conditions including Sjogren’s syndrome, allergic eye disease, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, graft vs. host disease, sarcoidosis, thyroid disorders or vitamin A deficiency
• Certain medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, hormone replacement therapy, antidepressants, and drugs for high blood pressure, acne, birth control and Parkinson’s disease
• Corneal nerve desensitivity caused by contact lens use, nerve damage or that caused by laser eye surgery, though symptoms of dry eyes related to this procedure are usually temporary

Increased tear evaporation

The oil film produced by small glands on the edge of your eyelids (meibomian glands) might become clogged. Blocked meibomian glands are more common in people with rosacea or other skin disorders.

Common causes of increased tear evaporation include:

• Posterior blepharitis (meibomian gland dysfunction)
• Blinking less often, which tends to occur with certain conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease; or when you’re concentrating during certain activities, such as while reading, driving or working at a computer
• Eyelid problems, such as the lids turning outward (ectropion) and the lids turning inward (entropion)
• Eye allergies
• Preservatives in topical eyedrops
• Wind, smoke or dry air
• Vitamin A deficiency

Risk factors

Factors that make it more likely that you’ll experience dry eyes include:

• Being older than 50. Tear production tends to diminish as you get older. Dry eyes are more common in people over 50.
• Being a woman. A lack of tears is more common in women, especially if they experience hormonal changes due to pregnancy, using birth control pills or menopause.
• Eating a diet that is low in vitamin A, which is found in liver, carrots and broccoli, or low in omega-3 fatty acids, which are found in fish, walnuts and vegetable oils.
• Wearing contact lenses or having a history of refractive surgery.

Complications

People who have dry eyes may experience these complications:

• Eye infections. Your tears protect the surface of your eyes from infection. Without adequate tears, you may have an increased risk of eye infection.
• Damage to the surface of your eyes. If left untreated, severe dry eyes may lead to eye inflammation, abrasion of the corneal surface, corneal ulcers and vision loss.
• Decreased quality of life. Dry eyes can make it difficult to perform everyday activities, such as reading.

Prevention

If you experience dry eyes, pay attention to the situations that are most likely to cause your symptoms. Then find ways to avoid those situations in order to prevent your dry eyes symptoms. For instance:

• Avoid air blowing in your eyes. Don’t direct hair dryers, car heaters, air conditioners or fans toward your eyes.
• Add moisture to the air. In winter, a humidifier can add moisture to dry indoor air.
• Consider wearing wraparound sunglasses or other protective eyewear. Safety shields can be added to the tops and sides of eyeglasses to block wind and dry air. Ask about shields where you buy your eyeglasses.
• Take eye breaks during long tasks. If you’re reading or doing another task that requires visual concentration, take periodic eye breaks. Close your eyes for a few minutes. Or blink repeatedly for a few seconds to help spread your tears evenly over your eyes.
• Be aware of your environment. The air at high altitudes, in desert areas and in airplanes can be extremely dry. When spending time in such an environment, it may be helpful to frequently close your eyes for a few minutes at a time to minimize evaporation of your tears.
• Position your computer screen below eye level. If your computer screen is above eye level, you’ll open your eyes wider to view the screen. Position your computer screen below eye level so that you won’t open your eyes as wide. This may help slow the evaporation of your tears between eye blinks.
• Stop smoking and avoid smoke. If you smoke, ask your doctor for help devising a quit-smoking strategy that’s most likely to work for you. If you don’t smoke, stay away from people who do. Smoke can worsen dry eyes symptoms.
• Use artificial tears regularly. If you have chronic dry eyes, use eyedrops even when your eyes feel fine to keep them well lubricated.

SOURCES

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-eyes

INTRODUCTION:

The eastern honey bee, referred to scientifically as apis mellifera, plays a small but sweet role in the vast, global tapestry of been species. There are over 20,000 known types of bee, spanning every continent have existed for over 80million yrs.

Types:

1. Apis, honey:

The genus- into which all honey bees call is beautiful diverse bee species, with at least 44known sub varieties.

2. The Western honey bees:

Apis mellifera-literally meaning honey-baring best is the most widely distributed and domesticated bee species in the world.

3. Apis mellifera mellifera:

The dark or German honey bee species. The name isa bit of a mouthful, so let’s call them apis.

4. Apis mellifera liguistica :

Apis mellifera liguistica us the most common sure variety of apis mellifera, making it buy and the most popular variety of domesticated bee in the world.

5. Apis mellifera carnica:

The carneolan or grey honey bees species. Apis mellifera carnica originated in eastern Europe, between Australia, hungry, Bulgaria and bosnia and Serbia.

6. Apis mellifera Caucasica:

Native to the caucasus region, whose mountain range divides south eastern Europe from Asia, the honey bee is a large variety.

7. Apis mellifera lberiensis:

This is probably the most unusual variety of Western honey bees and my personal favorite.

Self-awareness involves being aware of different aspects of the self including traits, behaviours, and feelings. Essentially, it is a psychological state in which oneself becomes the focus of attention. Self-awareness is one of the first components of the self concept  to emerge. While self-awareness is something that is central to who you are, it is not something that you are acutely focused on at every moment of every day. Instead, self-awareness becomes woven into the fabric of who you are and emerges at different points depending on the situation and your personality.

People are not born completely self-aware. Yet research has also found that infants do have a rudimentary sense of self-awareness. Infants possess the awareness that they are a separate being from others, which is evidenced by behaviours such as the rooting reflex in which an infant searches for a nipple when something brushes against his or her face. Researchers have also found that even newborns are able to differentiate between self- and non-self touch.

Self-Awareness Development

Researchers have proposed that an area of the brain known as the anterior cingulate cortex located in the frontal lobe region plays an important role in developing self-awareness. Studies have also used brain imaging to show that this region becomes activated in adults who are self-aware.

The Lewis and Brooks-Gunn experiment suggests that self-awareness begins to emerge in children around the age of 18 months, an age that coincides with the rapid growth of spindle cells in the anterior Cingular cortex. However, one study found that a patient retained self-awareness even with extensive damage to areas of the brain including the insula and the anterior Cingular cortex. This suggests that these areas of the brain are not required for most aspects of self-awareness and that awareness may instead arise from interactions distributed among brain networks.

Types of Self-Awareness

Psychologists often break self-awareness down into two different types, either public or private.

Public Self-Awareness : This type emerges when people are aware of how they appear to others. Public self-awareness often emerges in situations when people are at the center of attention, such as when giving a presentation or talking to a group of friends. This type of self-awareness often compels people to adhere to social . When we are aware that we are being watched and evaluated, we often try to behave in ways that are socially acceptable and desirable. Public self-awareness can also lead to evaluation anxiety  in which people become distressed, anxious, or worried about how they are perceived by others.

Private Self-Awareness

This type happens when people become aware of some aspects of themselves, but only in a private way. For example, seeing your face in the mirror is a type of private self-awareness. Feeling your stomach lurch when you realise you forgot to study for an important test or feeling your heart flutter when you see someone you are attracted to are also examples of private self-awareness.

Self-Consciousness

Sometimes, people can become overly self-aware and veer into what is known as self-consciousness.5 Have you ever felt like everyone was watching you, judging your actions, and waiting to see what you will do next? This heightened state of self-awareness can leave you feeling awkward and nervous in some instances. In a lot of cases, these feelings of self-consciousness are only temporary and arise in situations when we are “in the spotlight.” For some people, however, excessive self-consciousness can reflect a chronic condition such as social anxiety disorder.

People who are privately self-conscious have a higher level of private self-awareness, which can be both a good and bad thing. These people tend to be more aware of their feelings and beliefs, and are therefore more likely to stick to their personal values. However, they are also more likely to suffer from negative health consequences such as increased stress and anxiety.

People who are publicly self-conscious have a higher level of public self-awareness. They tend to think more about how other people view them and are often concerned that other people might be judging them based on their looks or their actions. As a result, these individuals tend to stick to group norms and try to avoid situations in which they might look bad or feel embarrassed.

5 ways to improve self-awareness:

1. Mindfulness and meditation
   Practicing mindfulness or meditation helps you to focus on the present moment and pay attention to your thoughts and feelings, without getting wrappd up in them. You are guided to let your thoughts drift by without needing to react or do anything, which helps you become more aware of your internal state. For more details on mindfulness click on the last blog Mindfulness to restore calm.
2. Movement
   Whether you do yoga, Pilates, running, walking, or whatever form of movement that works for you, notice what your body is telling you. During movement you become more aware of your body and all the feelings that manifest in it and you become more aware of your mind and the thoughts within it, which increases your self-acceptance and self-awareness.
3. Reflection and journaling
   A journaling practice allows you to be an objective observer of your thoughts which can help bring clarity to what you want and value. Make time to write down what has gone well today, or reflect on what has been a challenge, what has got in your way and what could you change or improve? Notice what may have triggered you today. It is equally as important to understand both sides for yourself.
4. Ask for feedback from people you trust or loved ones
   One of the best ways to build self-awareness is to understand others’ perspectives of you and what impact you have on others. The simplest way is to ask for honest feedback. We rarely do this for fear of criticism, but if you don’t ask you will never know what others think. But don’t just rely on feedback from one person, gather a range of insights and evaluate what you want to do with that information.
5. Work with a coach!
   You can achieve a certain amount on your own, but it’s hard and sometimes you need someone to hold a mirror up to you. Self-awareness takes time and is a lifelong journey and by working with a qualified coach it can be a truly transformational process.

Who are indigenous people ?

Indigenous peoples, also referred to as first people, aboriginal people, native people, or autochthonous people, are culturally distinct ethnic groups who are native to a place which has been colonised and settled by another ethnic group.

The term indigenous was first, in its modern context, used by Europeans, who used it to differentiate the indigenous peoples of the Americas from black people who were brought to the Americas as slaves from Africa. It may have first been used in this context by Sir Thomas Browne in 1646, who stated “and although in many parts thereof there be at present swarms of Negroes serving under the Spaniard, yet were they all transported from Africa, since the discovery of Columbus; and are not indigenous or proper natives of America.”

● United Nations observes the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples on 9th August every year.

● The day is being observed to protect the rights of the world’s indigenous population and recognise the achievements and contributions that indigenous people make to improve world issues such as environmental protection.

● The theme for 2021 is ‘Leaving no one behind: Indigenous peoples and the call for a new social contract.

● The day was recognised by the General Assembly of the United Nations in December 1994.

● The date marks the day of the inaugural session of the Working Group on Indigenous Populations at the United Nations in 1982.

They have distinct social, economic or political systems. They have a distinct language, culture and beliefs. They are marginalised and discriminated against by the state. They maintain and develop their ancestral environments and systems as distinct peoples.

The term ‘indigenous peoples’ refers to culturally distinct groups affected by colonization. As a reference to a group of people, the term indigenous first came into use by Europeans who used it to differentiate the indigenous peoples of the Americas from enslaved Africans.

Public managers carry out the managerial operations of public organizations. In practice, public management is meant to improve the quality and efficiency of services delivered by public organizations. Managers interpret the public policy to implement public services in ways that are expected to achieve the most desirable outcomes for the interests they serve.

Public managers can operate in two different areas: the internal and external management of public organizations.

Internally, public managers must understand how to manage risk and change within their respective organizations. This demands that they stay informed of societal conditions that may impact their organizations’ ability to function optimally. By acknowledging those risks, managers can act accordingly, taking preemptive measures to diminish identified risks and prepare their staff to adapt to the instability those adverse conditions may have on the organization.
Externally, public management entails leading efforts to collaborate with private groups to support the adoption of public policy. In this capacity, public managers work with private citizens and other public organizations to keep public programs running smoothly. To do this, managers perform tasks such as coordinating public human resources to assist with specific projects or helping certain communities secure the necessary financing to implement public programs.

Types of Public Administration Theory

Public Administration Theory recently has been divided into three branches. The three branches are, Classical Public Administration Theory, New Public Management Theory and Postmodern Public Administration Theory. Each of these three branches study Public Administration from a different perspective. These types of theories are some of the ways which an administrator can understand and exercise their duties as a public administrator.

Classical Public Administration Theory

Classical Public Administration is often associated with Woodrow and Max Weber . In the United States, Woodrow Wilson is known as ‘The Father of Public Administration’ , have written “The Study of Administration” in 1887, in which he argued that a bureaucracy should be run like a business. Wilson promoted ideas like merit-based promotions, professionalization, and a non-political system. Sympathy can lead to downfall in an administration, means there should be pragmatism in bureaucracy.

New Public Management Theory

New Public Management a set of administrative practices, a consulting fad, and a body of theory that interprets recent developments in public administration. Many scholars argue persuasively that scholars should pay more attention to New Public management as a theory than as a fad. New public management is part and parcel of the massive intrusion of freemarket values into public space, which threatens to drive out political values altogether. In this sense, new public management is the radical opposite of the notion of migrating political values into “private” space in the interest of further democratizing society. However, new public management theory fails to addresses political questions in a meaningful way. This theory looks at public administration from its roots of capitalism, and goes on through the perspective of global capitalism. Intentional or not, new public management has served the interests of elites, particularly corporate elites, has degraded the ability of governments to address the public interest, and has served as a vehicle for elevating the apolitical governance of free trade and other supranational organizations, which have fully embraced the political philosophy of economic rationalism and new managerialism.

Career Outlook for Public Administration and Public Management

Because the fields of public management and public administration are closely linked, many universities roll public management coursework into their Master of Public Administration programs. Public management concepts taught in such programs (e.g. public human resource management or financial management in government) are often built into the curriculum for public administration. This gives graduates the opportunity to develop the practical knowledge they need to excel at management or administrative positions in government or nonprofit organizations. Upon graduation, educated public administrators may join the ranks of political scientists, public administrators, city managers, and similar professionals who impact public policy in modern societies.

In practice, there is no conflict pitting public administration vs. public management; rather, it’s about the partnership of public administration and public management. The success of the public policy depends on the effective application of both disciplines by public organizations and dedicated professionals. A Master of Public Administration program usually offers coursework in both public administration and public management, empowering students to develop the multifaceted public leadership expertise valued by forward-thinking employers in the public sector.

“One could not count the moons

that shimmer on her roofs,

or the thousand splendid suns

that hide behind her walls.”

Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns

Brief Overview:

A Thousand Splendid Suns is a fiction novel by Afghan-American novelist Khaled Hosseini. The novel is set in the backdrop of the Afghanistan turbulence 1960 onward. Capturing martial elements from Soviet union to the authoritarian Taliban, the author has weaved a portentous tale of two women, Mariam and Laila. Separated by decades of age, these women are conjoined by an exceptional bond which later blossoms into a beautiful friendship.

The novel follows Mariam, an illegitimate child of a rich Herat merchant, who though loves her but is equally ashamed of her. Following her mother’s death, Mariam goes on to live with her father, his three legitimate wives and nine children, all of whom are unknown to Mariam.

Here the novel draws attention to the class disparities. Mariam, being an illegitimate child through their housekeeper is made to slave in her father’s household , bereft of education or love, by his wives while his legitimate children lead glamorous lives. Wishing to rid themselves of Mariam who is now about 15, her father’s wives arrange a marriage for her to Rasheed,a Pashtun shoemaker from Kabul who who is about two decades older than her.

At first Rasheed appears as an indifferent yet a person of clement disposition, helping Mariam settle in the new city. The persona soon, however crumbles as Rasheed begins forcing Mariam to fulfill her so called obligations towards him. Following Mariam’s miscarriage, Rasheed turns out to be a hypocritical, bitter man pressuring and muscling Mariam every step of the way.

About a decade later in the novel does Laila’s story begin. The daughter of a teacher, Laila is loved immensely by her father, while her mother constantly mourns the death of her two elder brothers, who were killed seven years ago, fighting alongside Ahmad Shah Massoud. The author has drawn a sharp parallel between the two women. Laila is portrayed as the face of an emerging Afghanistan for women, pursuing education and strong willed, Laila falls in love with her best friend Tariq, who loses his leg to the ongoing Afghan turbulence. In a drastic spur of events Laila loses her parents and is separated from Tariq. Desperate for a shelter and to protect a secret she’s nurturing, Laila marries Rasheed. What follows is a tale of everlasting friendship, heart wrenching sorrow and the purest form of love.

Book Review:

A Thousand Splendid suns is a book so finely written that it makes your heart ache. The bond between Laila and Mariam is as beautiful as a full bloomed rose, the color of blood. The story, particularly of Mariam is written with such a palpable feeling of sorrow and hopelessness that it feels extremely personal.On the other hand, Laila’s coming of age has been described as an experience full of aspirations and hope. Laila and Tariq’s chemistry is an exceptional blend of sweet and fiery.

There are a myriad of symbols and metaphors used in the book that make the entire thing full of allusions.

The author has unraveled themes of women, femininity, marriage and war in the book as an astounding whole.

The cultural aspects of Afghanistan have been richly used and amazingly described which amalgamate to give this book a perfect finish.

The book also divests into several explicit issues such as racism, sexual content, religious ideals etc.

This book is a suitable read for people above 13 years of age.

All in all, this book is bound to be a a roller coaster ride of emotions for the reader. It is an absolute must read and sure to make your eyes spill tears of distress.

TIME management is the process of organizing and planning how to divide your time between specific activities. Good time management enables you to work smarter -not Harper so that you get more done in less time, even when time is right and pressure ate high.

5 elementst of time management:

be intentional:keep a to do list.

be priorities: rank your tasks.

be fosced: manage distraction

be structure: time block your work

be self-esteem aware: track your time.

5 tips to better your time management:

set reminder for all your tasks. The key to time management success is to know your deadlines and set reminder.

create a daily planner.

give each task a time limits.

block out distraction

establish routine.

imporatants of time management:

one of the biggest advantage of time management is that it allows of time management is that it allows us to more efficient by being in control of how we spend our time. We can focus better on important tasks, and better leads to better efficient.

methods of time management:

next you can identify bad habits and then you can learn the tools to change these habits. Here are a few tips and technique you can apply to get more done and feel more productive:planning, prioritizing and performing.

Example of time management tools:

calendar, note-taking software , time tracker, specialized time management apps and so on.

key to time management:

remember what’s really important to you and prepare your inwardly to meet whatever the day brings.

Social media is a computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts, and information through the building of virtual networks and communities. By design, social media is Internet-based and gives users quick electronic communication of content. Content includes personal information, documents, videos, and photos. Users engage with social media via a computer, tablet, or smartphone via web-based software or applications.

While social media is ubiquitous in America and Europe, Asian countries like Indonesia lead the list of social media usage.1 More than 3.8 billion people use social media.2Social media is a computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts, and information through the building of virtual networks and communities.

The largest social media networks include Facebook, Instagram, Social media typically features user-generated content and personalized profiles. By 2023, the number of social media users in the United States is forecast to increase to approximately 257 million.

Types of Social Media

Social media may take the form of a variety of tech-enabled activities. These activities include photo sharing, blogging, social gaming, social networks, video sharing, business networks, virtual worlds, reviews, and much more. Even governments and politicians utilize social media to engage with constituents and voters.

For individuals, social media is used to keep in touch with friends and extended family. Some people will use various social media applications to network career opportunities, find people across the globe with like-minded interests, and share their thoughts, feelings, insights, and emotions. Those who engage in these activities are part of a virtual social network. For businesses, social media is an indispensable tool. Companies use the platform to find and engage with customers, drive sales through advertising and promotion, gauge consumer trends, and offering customer service or support.

Examples of Social Media

Facebook is the largest social media platform in the world, with a clear advantage over other social media, though it has similar audience to others like Twitter and Instagram. The figures for the most popular social media websites as of January 2021 are as follows:Facebook (2.74 billion users)

YouTube (2.29 billion users)

WhatsApp (2 billion users)

Facebook Messenger (1.3 billion users)

Instagram (1.22 billion users)

Whatsapp (1.21 billion users)TikTok (689 million users)

TikTok (689 million users)

Benefits of Social Media

Social media has changed the way that we all interact with each other online. It’s given us the ability to discover what’s happening in the world in real-time, to connect with each other and stay in touch with long-distance friends, and in order to have access to endless amounts of information at your fingertips. In many senses, social media has helped many individuals find common ground with others online, making the world seem more approachable.

Disadvantages of Social Media

Despite having such unique advantages, social media is considered to be one of the most harmful elements of society. If the use of social media is not monitored, it can lead to grave consequences. It is harmful because it invades your privacy like never before. The oversharing happening on social media makes children a target for predators and hackers. It also leads to cyberbullying which affects any person significantly.

Thus, the sharing on social media especially by children must be monitored at all times. Next up is the addition of social media which is quite common amongst the youth. This addiction hampers with the academic performance of a student as they waste their time on social media instead of studying. Social media also creates communal rifts. Fake news is spread with the use of it, which poisons the mind of peace-loving citizens.

In short, surely social media has both advantages and disadvantages. But, it all depends on the user at the end. The youth must particularly create a balance between their academic performances, physical activities, and social media. Excess use of anything is harmful and the same thing applies to social media. Therefore, we must strive to live a satisfying life with the right balance.

“Most things don’t go as we planned it to be, but it’s within our hands to make the best out of all the situations that we face!” It’s the most common dilemma when you are a 12th-grade student and start dreaming of a particular kind of future for yourself, but then you end up in a strange and unfamiliar place. But that may turn out to be better than what you had planned earlier, or, maybe not, you never know until it happens!

Speaking from my own experience, I was purely a NEET aspirant, dreamt of being a doctor from a very young age, but ended up in the field of engineering, in which neither I had any interest nor did I possess such good skills. I was completely unfamiliar with the setting and felt like an alien here. I remember feeling so strange yet somehow welcoming.

In the beginning, I thought I would regret joining this field, because it’s the era of technology and clever people, and I felt so inferior because firstly, I had zero knowledge of coding, and, secondly I was pretty weak at math. Also, it was hard to understand all the basics, without any foundation.

But over the period of one year, not just the field of computer science but also people who I fondly call my good friends now grew over me! They became my strength, lifted me up when I thought about quitting. They encouraged me to great lengths. “Finding good friends is hard but finding true friends is rare like a diamond!” At least I was lucky in that department!

What would you do when things go out of hand?

• When you accept the situation and fight for, rather than against it, you can see the change in yourself. When you embrace your flaws and work towards them, is the time when you actually grow as a person! So rather than running away, Why not stick around and fight for it? You may find that the end result is much better than what to had earlier planned.

• Do not regret any of your choices, you only get one life to live, so why live in regret? When you can go with the flow and see what life has in store for you!

• Give your best, in the end, it’s your happiness that matters the most. Who would have thought I, who loved biology with all my heart would end up in computer science engineering and actually fall for it too? Never restrict yourself, explore what you can have and maybe it grows on you too!

Always remember it’s these backlashes that make you stronger, braver and boosts your confidence. Just like antibodies, as it stands upright with full arm force, if the disease-causing pathogen that once caused havoc in your body dares to enter again, it’s the antibodies who will be the first to strike this time! Why? because it is prepared for what’s to happen next! and it wins!

So failures, small backlashes are all but a part of life, and know that, everything that happens is for a reason, that is to prepare you for the worst because the next time you will be expecting it and it will be you, who will be the first to strike!

The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various connotations can be found alongside each other. Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which “aims to recover the original shape of man”, oriented at “the image of God as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world. The term was used within early Christianity to refer to a life oriented toward the Holy Spirit and broadened during the Late Middle Ages to include mental aspects of life. In modern times, the term both spread to other religious traditions and broadened to refer to a wider range of experiences, including a range of esoteric traditions and religious traditions. Modern usages tend to refer to a subjective experience of a sacred dimension and the “deepest values and meanings by which people live”, often in a context separate from organized religious institutions.

In the present age, we see that the whole of humanity is in disharmony owing to religious differences. This means that the present-day religious theologies and practices have outlived their spiritual efficacy to bring about peace and spiritual evolvement to humanity. It is for India to take up a leadership role in the spiritual renewal of humanity. Although it may be unconvincing to many, the reality is that India is the mother of spirituality, the inheritor of an ancient most spiritual culture.

As the global community becomes increasingly capitalistic, the quest for spirituality grows in urgency.  India, its people, its infrastructure, and indeed its very soil, encourage and breed Spiritualism, allowing religions to thrive, flourish and prosper.

India boasts the presence of every major religion in the world, as well many of their off-shoots and facets, all being supported, nourished, and living in comparative harmony. Many of these religions were conceived in India, and others have come to India seeking a haven from persecution after being created in their lands. The age-old environment has always supported such freedom of belief.

Spirituality and mystical charm have always drawn people from all over the world to India. As the world becomes increasingly capitalistic and materialist, the quest and urgency for spirituality grow more and more. The traditional Indian way of life has helped in the evolution and growth of Spiritualism. Numerous cultures and religions have thrived and flourished together for ages and resulted in the unique Indian way of life.

At different points in the history of our civilization, numerous spiritual leaders and saints have delivered the message of peace, brotherhood and co-existence that is so very well rooted in our culture. Arts like Yoga and Ayurveda coupled with religion have played an important role in the evolution and existence of spirituality in India.

Thus, Indian spirituality is all about showing respect to all living beings-animals trees, rocks and even water and lead a positive and healthy life. It is believed that the supreme Creator has put each one of us in this world for a purpose and that purpose is to be compassionate, caring and loving to one another. As mentioned earlier, the great Indian spiritual personalities and gurus have played an important role in spreading the message of love, care and the need for positive living all over the world. The presence of God as the supreme power, the concept of “Omnipresence of the Omnipotent” therefore finds a divine dimension amidst the concept of Indian philosophy. Indian philosophy suggests that all that exists in this universe is the ultimate manifestation of God. The words of Krishna further support this. As Krishna says:

“I am the original fragrance of earth and the heat of the fire. I am the life of all that lives and I am the penance of all seekers. I am the consciousness of all who have developed their consciousness. I am the splendor of all which is fine.”

This is the part where Indian philosophy ultimately offers a definite contour to the term “Spirituality”. This is when finally the emergence of that Ultimate Consciousness of the Greatest Knowledge happens which leads one towards felicity and towards that eternal bliss. This is the very halo of spiritualism in Indian philosophy, which finally binds the religiosity and the phantasmal elements with that sheer thread of tenet and feelings. Indian philosophy is therefore a religious tradition. The pride of the Indian philosophy again lies in that magical blend of the concept of reality or in that absolute reality with that of the existence of personal God which ultimately leads to a meaningful life. This immense fusion further crafts Indian philosophy as the most tolerant religion.

I would like to end these thoughts with a quote from the Gita: “Work done with anxiety about results is far inferior to work done without such anxiety, in the calm of self-surrender. Seek refuge in the knowledge of Brahma. They who work selfishly for results are miserable.”

The word “olympics” itself is an emotion. The international sports festival which held in every 4 years in about 206 countries of the world. It is the worlds foremost athletic competition among the most promising & commendable citizens of the respective 206 countries. Olympics gives the opportunity to the citizens to showcase their aptitude and ability in every sport despite of any sense of discrimination among them. Olympics gives a friendly nature, a sense of peace and prosperity among the countries. It’s an international level sport which gives justice to each and every citizen to showcase their talent and their earnest nature in the name of their country, showcasing your country on an international level is something beyond reproach, it’s indescribable.

THE 5 RINGS OF OLYMPICS.

The five rings represent the five continents of the world that participate in “the fruitful rivalries” Of the Olympics games. The colors – blue, yellow, black, green and red – stand out against the white background which shows the sense of unity and togetherness of every colour under the white background despite of measuring the wavelength, tone and frequency in all the 5 colours, which represents that each and every citizen of every country can represent their nation without any sense of discrimination under the same sky.The six colors can be combined in any number of ways to reproduce the flag of every country without exception. It gives the opportunity to the citizens to showcase themselves in the name of their respective nations in different sports without any kind of inequity and bias among them.

IMPORTANCE OF OLYMPICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

As with the changing times, the youth of the world has become more generous and they have the sense of being vocal about their thoughts and their abilities which gives an ever-growing impression in the world. With the modern world, the youth has all the elements to showcase their respective interest in different fields. Since olympics gives an opportunity to the youth to represent their desire and talent in their respective best sport they are in, it gives a learning atmosphere for the youth to inspire and learn through a sport. Representing your culture, your country on a global level gives an indescribable emotion from which the youth seeks the importance of culture, its meaning.
Young athletes exhibiting their respective countries in 100’s of different sports in an international level competition and earns medals through their hard work, desire and generosity. It’s an unimaginable moment for the athlete who wins on a global level among 206 countries, Olympics truly gives so many of opportunities to the citizens, to earn through their hard work and desire without getting judged or discriminated in any form.

“HISTORY OF OLYMPICS”

The Olympic Games, which originated in ancient Greece, 3,000 years ago, were revived in the late 19th century and have become the world’s prominent sporting competition. From the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D., the Games were held every four years in Olympia, located in the western Peloponnese peninsula, in honor of the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics took place in 1896 in Athens, and featured 280 participants from 12 nations, competing in 43 events. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately and have alternated every two years. The 2020 Summer Olympics, delayed one year because of the COVID-19 pandemic, will be held from July 23 to August 8, 2021 in Tokyo, Japan.

INDIA IN OLYMPICS

India has been participating in Olympics since 1900. Being the most diversified and culturally active country, it has been the most commendable and honoured country in the platform of Olympics as well. No doubt, India in the race of Olympics is not so graceful as compared to other countries, but India being the 2nd most populated country gives cultural competition to many other countries, it has gained prosperity in each and every sector, but in Olympics, India has a little disgraceful exhibition among the several countries.

WHERE INDIA LACKS?

• Excess importance to cricket

We, as a country, are obsessed with a singular sport and that is cricket. It is only during major events like Olympics when other sports are given a part of the limelight and fan cheering. For the rest of the year, we stay ignorant of who’s who of other sports. They are promoted less, there are fewer sponsors for the other sports, there are even less fans hooting and cheering them to do better and then we go about complaining and trolling athletes when we do not get enough medals.

• Lack of encouragement

The foremost factor right from the very beginning, youth in India are discouraged from pursuing a career in sports. Our parents are obsessed with the likes of medical and engineering. And for girls, the scenario is even worse with list of drawbacks and hindrances they have to face before they could persuade their parents to allow them to play. Most of them are forced to quit sports in order to do something that would give them better job security. Our success as an academically-oriented people proves that we are excellent at pursuing something that pays well, so does India’s obsession with cricket.

• Poor administration

There is no proper governing of Administrative issues is the prime concern with Indian sports. Non-Involvement of ex-sportsman in administrative staff is also a major reason why India lacks in this sector. Our economy has been prospering and allotment of funds to different fields of development has been improvising with each year’s budget. However, there is still relatively very less allotment of funds for sports given the sheer number of youths who are willing to take up sports seriously. Enough of IITs and IIMs, when will we get a dedicated sports university?

IMPROVEMENTS TO BE DONE

• Khelo India Youth Games

Khelo India Youth Games, held annually in January or February, are the national level multidisciplinary grassroot games in India held for two categories, namely under-17 years school students and under-21 college students. Every year best 1000 kids will be given an annual scholarship of 5 lakh for 8 years to prepare them for the international sporting events. This is a great initiative by the Govt of India.

• Collective efforts

India being a developing country cannot invest a major part of it’s economy for sports. India has a huge number of industrialist and business men who can easily take up responsibilities to encourage these talented athletes and collectively make the necessary arrangements. Instead of giving them crores of rupees as rewards after winning, we should focus on giving them basic amenities for developing them as a good sports person.

• Too much criticism

There is a lot of criticism about the performance of Indian athletes over the years. This decreases their morale. The point is, if you can’t support them, don’t, but please don’t criticize them. You don’t know their stories, their food facility, coaching, support, Money, still they made it to Olympics to compete with the ones who were trained, supported and recognized well by their respective country or govt or organization.

• Impartial 

We might have a lot of Dhonis but it’s difficult to find more Mary Koms and Sania Nehwals owing to the gender discrimination that has paved its way into sports. Sports and women are the two opposite ends of a pole. The society does not encourage girls to be an active part of sports, moreover they are considered to be delicate creatures and their potential in sports is questioned. This should be stopped. There should be special policies to encourage the participation of women in sports.

• Transparency in the system

Selection process of players and board members needs more transparency. Sports-governing body heads should be an ex-sportsman. This will create job opportunities for sportsmen as well. Players should be only judged upon their performance and not any other factors.

-Sukhmani Panesar