Isro was to carry first unmanned flight of the human related GSLV MK three and the country, s first solar mission Aditya L1 in December according to the revised schedul last year the space mission was impacted by the inability to move equipment and parts from across the country during the lockdown necessitated by the pandemic The Indian space research organization (ISRO) big ticket launches planned towards the end of this year ate likely to be delayed by the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic impact ed the timeline people aware of the matter said on Wednesday the decision of new timeline for the mission is awaited an official from the agency said on condition of anonymity another official said on mission Aditya L1 in December according to the revised schedule last year the space mission was impacted the third lunar mission carrying aboard only a lander and rover was initially was slated for the end of 2020 or the beginning of 2021 but has since been pushed to 2022 the government green tit the third mission soon after the lander rover of the chandrayan 2 mission crashed from the and lost the communication about 2.1km from the surface a mega comet has entered our solar system the object is bigger than comet and similar to the dwarf planet making it a unique traveler in solar system comets the frozen leftovers from the formation of the solar system have always been the matter of curiosity for scientists across the world as they could not hold clues about the formation of the universe astromer has discovered an object bigger than the comet on the outskirts of the solar system and its hurdling toward to us dubbed as 2014 un271 the object is likely to make a close pass by the sun bringing it into Saturn solar system in 2031 the object was observed in data from the dark energy survey conducted between 2014 and 2018…Estimated to between 100 to 370 kilometers in width the object is bigger than the normal specifications of comet and it is likely to be dwarf planet a 6,00,000 year orbit when first observed in 2014 the mega comet was about 29 astromitcal units away from the sun 1 au is the distance between earth and the sun since the 2014 un271 has travelled nearly 7au and now is nearly 22au the…one of the most unique aspirations of the observation is the massive object of the mega comet that extends between the inner solar system and the port cloud on the boundary of the interstellar space spanning around 6,12,190 years interstellar space is the region beyond the heliosphere where the sun,s influence wanes and solar winds slow down

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Proper and good education is very important for all of us.it facilites quality learning all through the life amoung people of any age groups ,cast creed ,relegion .it is the process achieving knowledge .values.

Better communication is yet another role in education

education improves and refines the speech of a person .education makes an individual a better using of technology

The entertainment industry is changing at a rapid rate in the twenty-first century. The introduction of over-the-top technical platforms or video streaming platforms in India has boosted the entertainment industry’s growth.

Nearly 60% of film revenue was earned via theatre screenings at the start of the decade, with the remainder coming from other sources such as CD/DVD release, DTH rights, and other international rights. However, as the demand for video streaming platforms grows, this pattern is rapidly changing.

These services are eliminating the need for new content from theatres, CDs, and DVDs. They broadcast both traditional TV channels and web shows that are only available on these platforms.

According to a recent study, web series are the most popular material on these platforms. On these platforms, over 34% of viewers watch web series. On these platforms, 16 percent of people watch movies and news, 13 percent watch reality TV shows, and ten percent watch live sports events. These platforms are primarily used to watch Hindi material (above 80%).

REASON BEHIND RAPID RISE OF OTT PLATFORM

These platforms are well-known among viewers for a number of reasons. It is primarily used for recreational purposes. People spend their free time on these platforms watching their favorite web series, news, sports, and other content. It has a lot of motion. The shows can be viewed while travelling, during lunch, or during downtime, and they can be accessible anywhere and at any time. These platforms make their services available on mobile devices that are easy to use. Users may now view web series and other online material on their mobile devices at their leisure thanks to the low cost of bandwidth.

The programmes that provide these materials on phones are really simple to utilize. They don’t require the use of a set-top box, a satellite dish, or even a television. All you need is a smartphone and access to the internet. Furthermore, content on these channels is available on demand. An individual can use the OTT application and begin watching whatever show they like. They are not required to wait for specific times during the day when the show will be available to them. These platforms are also budget-friendly. They are free to download and have a relatively cheap monthly subscription charge as compared to traditional set-top boxes or movie theatres.

The content on these platforms can be customized, and the existing content can be seen in any language of one’s choice. They’re also known for their frequent upgrades. Unlike set-top boxes and movie theatres, where new shows and movies are released after extended periods of time, shows on internet platforms are updated often. On-demand content covers a wide range of genres. With a single monthly cost, people may view horror, comedy, drama, classics, romance, epics, and a variety of other genres on one platform. All of these elements have combined to fuel the growth of these internet platforms in India.

NO REGULATION OVER WEBSERIES CONTENT

Traditional satellite channels provide broadcasters the freedom to air whatever programming they want. The government is in charge of evaluating whether or not a certain piece of content is appropriate for public consumption. Because of the rise of online streaming, the government’s regulatory role has shrunk. Television providers are regulated by rules and regulations, but there are no checks and balances in place for the newly developing internet streaming companies. The tailored subscription-based content available on these platforms also decreases the amount of surveillance that can be implemented. These self-regulatory OTT services that stream a variety of web series are self-regulatory. They’ve signed their own censorship code, which forbids them from presenting certain types of content and established a grievance resolution system for consumer complaints. However, this code has not been signed by all platforms. As a result, many of these web shows are still unregulated, and their content isn’t vetted before being broadcast. Though the government has stated that online content will be regulated, the guidelines are still unclear.

PROS OF CENSORSHIP AND REGULATION

• The web series and related content distributed via digital media were successful in reaching a larger audience. However, explicit and violent content reaches our youngsters, having negative consequences for their attitudes and lives. Censoring and regulating internet web series content has a number of benefits.
• It safeguards people’s right to free speech and expression because watching a web series is also considered expression and speech. Censorship and control can protect people, especially children, from violent and sexually manipulative content that could expose them to pornographic materials and other sorts of discrimination. As a result, the freedom of one community is balanced against the freedom of the other.
• Censoring and controlling this type of content might help people avoid becoming victims of abuse or violence, as well as perpetrators. Children can be affected, which can lead to undesirable changes in their behavior for others.
• It restricts some religious and societal groups from seeing these web series because of the offensive material. The type of content that is eye-catching and involves controversy is frequently presented on web series. This is disseminated in order to attract as many subscribers and views as possible. Regulating this type of stuff, which is both religiously and socially inappropriate, is one way to keep the culture in check.
• It would also help to avoid violent crimes and the spread of abusive culture in Indian society. Many online shows thrive on violent and uncensored criminal scenes, which have a particularly negative impact on young people, who become involved in these types of activities at a young age.
• Censorship and certification will increase the quality of content broadcast on various internet platforms in the form of web series. In contrast to the current western impact on these platforms, more relevant content for Indian society can be created.
• In addition, regulation will limit the unfair advantages that OTT platforms showing web series have over traditional television. As a result, on these platforms, it will provide fairness and healthy competition.

Indian online gaming industry has grown at an exponential rate over the past few years and it is expected to grow further with India’s digital revolution. The beginning of online gaming industry in India is traced back to 2000s when PC gaming and console gaming brought several middle income group Indians on digital gaming platform. The international developers provided a base to the Indian gamers whereas the Indian gaming developer’s ecosystem primarily acted as service providers. As India’s smartphone user base and internet penetration increased, online gaming grew very fast with an estimated 120 million gamers online now.

The fast spread of low-cost cellphones among rural and urban populations has been a major driver of growth in the Indian online gaming business. In India, there are around 400 million smartphone users. Though India’s internet penetration is low, it is predicted to reach over 53% of the population by 2021. New technology at accessible prices, an increase in the number of local developers, and other factors will all contribute to this growth.

INDIAN GAMER’S PROFILE

According to a Google India survey, the average Indian gamer is under the age of 24. In comparison to females, males make up the majority of gamers. Male gamers make up 83 percent of the gaming population, which is concentrated in the country’s urban areas. Under the influence of their peers, these individuals begin gaming. Another motive for starting online gaming is for entertainment and time management.

Gaming is also used by some people for stress release and social engagement. Mobile phones are the most popular gaming platform, with 85 percent of games being played on them. Puzzle games, action games, and adventure games are the most popular genres among Indian gamers.

REASON FOR RISE OF ONLINE GAME IN INDIA

• INTERNET-Internet Adoption With an expected 650 million online users by 2030, India is the world’s second largest online market. When compared to a decade ago, internet penetration in India’s rural and urban areas has steadily increased. In terms of user base, New Delhi, India’s capital, and its neighboring areas have the most internet depth. This is owing to the low cost of data in comparison to other countries. All age groups have actively used the internet for various objectives. Furthermore, there is still a lot of room for new individuals to join. As a result, the popularity of online gaming has skyrocketed.
• Higher Living Standards– The income of the middle and upper middle classes has expanded significantly, improving their level of living. They may now spend more time on leisure activities and spend their free time doing so. They have been drawn to online gaming by rising living standards and more free time, which takes only a small investment in a smartphone and an active mobile internet connection.
• A Rise in Smartphone Adoption By 2022, India’s smartphone population is expected to reach 820 million people. In both rural and urban areas, the number of smartphones has increased. This is owing to the introduction of lower-cost smartphones in Indian markets. Smartphone adoption has surpassed 25%, with the rate being substantially greater in metropolitan areas.
• India’s youth India is a young country in terms of demographics, with 50% of the population under the age of 25 and 65% under the age of 35. This age group enjoys online gaming and is more informed about smartphone and online gaming platform trends.
• Technologies that are within reach In India, new technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality are far more affordable than in previous years. These technologies facilitate online gaming and improve the gaming experience.
• Developing a Developed Ecosystem in the Community Previously, Indian gamers received games from multinational developers. Indian developers, on the other hand, have risen to prominence on a global scale as their skills have improved. Local developers have begun to create games in India.
• Games that are completely free– The majority of games in the gaming ecosystem are available for free. Users do not have to pay to download or play games. The expansion of India’s gaming environment has been boosted by the rise of freemium games. The games are free to play in this approach, but the user must pay the creator for some premium features. This does not prevent consumers from downloading and playing free games without purchasing the premium version.

Gaming Addiction in Children and Teens

Gaming addiction has been designated as a mental health issue by the World Health Organization. Gaming addiction is defined by the World Health Organization as a pattern of continuous or recurrent gaming behavior that has grown so pervasive that it has surpassed other life interests. According to a study conducted by a US-based organization, 24.2 percent of Indian gamers have taken time off work to play games. Many people play video games while at work. There is sufficient evidence to imply that gaming addiction has spread to India. According to the World Health Organization, gaming addiction can affect many parts of life, including academics, job, relationships, and health.

The following are indicators of addiction, according to psychologists.

• Playing nonstop for long periods of time. Social invitations to play games are being declined.
• Personal and professional relationships are strained.
• Headaches, dry eyes, and aching fingers are all symptoms of sleep problems and disrupted sleep patterns.
• Weight gain or decrease that is out of the ordinary • Modifications to daily activities, such as eating habits.
• Less focus on schoolwork, studying, and office work, for example.
• Playing games on a regular basis and not being able to stop.

The Consequences of Gaming Addiction

Gaming addiction has a variety of physical and mental consequences. Gaming addiction has a number of negative consequences.

• Effects on the Budget Despite the fact that most games are free to play, they do incorporate a variety of features.
• Premium features are not available for a fee. Premium features are purchased by gamers in order to advance further in the game. Young people frequently spend a large portion of their earnings on premium material. Even to download free games, several platforms request debit and credit card details. Young people who have access to these credit or debit cards frequently buy apps without their parents’ permission.
• Effects on Personal Development Impact on other aspects of life is one of the most significant consequences on adolescents. It has an impact on personal development since young people are unable to focus on their education or careers. In their educational or professional lives, people may become bored, have difficulty concentrating, and feel demotivated. Young people’s emotional well-being is also harmed by exposure to violent graphic or sexual content. It leads to violent behavior and everyday hostility over trivial matters. This has an impact on people’s personal development because they are frequently frustrated with themselves.
• Social Relationships Affects Gaming addiction makes it difficult for people to interact socially since they are preoccupied with their games while ignoring their responsibilities. Interaction is reduced in.
• Both physical and mental health are endangered by social lives. Relationships between addicted gamers are frequently strained. Because they value gaming above all other activities in life, they frequently make socially damaging decisions. They don’t have time or the energy after their gaming sessions to invest in their relationships.

EFFECT ON PHYSICAL HEALTH
People that play video games for lengthy periods of time have stiffness, backaches, soreness, and numbness. When one stares at a screen for lengthy periods of time without taking a break, eye strain is prevalent. People frequently play video games while sitting in bad postures, which can lead to complicated stress and strains that are difficult to diagnose using standard methods. People’s lives get more sedentry as a result of their gaming addiction, as they skip out on regular exercise and even meals. They also engage in unsanitary behaviours such as eating junk food and eating and playing at the same time. Sleep rhythms are also disrupted by gaming addiction.

EFFECT ON MENTAL HEALTH

Gaming addiction has a negative impact on mental health. It causes rage or hostility, and young people frequently cry, scream, or physically attack their families or peers. In addition, there is a strong want to return to gaming as soon as one completes another daily chore, such as eating or doing home or office work. People also feel alone or lonely because they spend so much time alone playing video games. Younger gamers are frequently depressed as a result of having to stop playing games for numerous reasons.

REASON FOR INCREASING GAMING AMONG PEOPLE

Video games boost a person’s self-esteem and confidence. The person feels empowered and believes they can face life’s tough challenges. It also increases people’s decision-making speed. However, it becomes extremely risky because violence-based action games are frequently used to develop decision-making abilities.
Collaboration is encouraged while playing games, which enhances teamwork and cooperation abilities. Young people feel motivated and energized when they contribute to the team and are rewarded for it.
People who are interested in mathematics and solving puzzles are drawn to games that incorporate puzzle solving and mathematical skills.

It becomes compulsive. The player’s brain gets a good exercise while gaming. As participants continue to play games, the difficulty level rises, and the game becomes more engrossing. They enjoy the challenge and are eager to complete the more harder stages. Because it requires multitasking, it boosts players’ self-esteem and improves their motor skills, decision-making ability, and cognitive abilities.

Friends in peer groups frequently recommend games to their peers. Younger people are drawn to online gaming because of the social dialogues and excitement that surrounds it. Increased internet gaming is further aided by engaging ads and captivating graphics.

CONCLUSION

The internet has become a vital part of people’s daily life in India and around the world. Smartphones are increasingly being utilized for everyday chores such as cooking, travelling, learning, and schooling. In India, mobile gaming has been growing for over two decades. While it has provided some with a sense of fulfilment, it has also been linked to social anxiety, loneliness, and even despair. It is critical to regulate gambling at all levels, from the household to the national level. India has a sizable demographic dividend if it is reaped and appropriately utilized in a timely manner. Gaming addiction has emerged as a significant impediment to realizing this demographic dividend. Though the internet gaming industry has developed in leaps and bounds, it has also created a slew of issues for young people and their families. These concerns highlight the need to reconsider how online games are played and regulated.

The trio of roti, kapda aur makan are the three essentials of a good life. In India last year the largescale migration of workers from urban areas back to their villages stole the headlines of the newspapers. These migrant workers were amongst those who lacked these essentials of life. This raised an important issue of urban housing, especially for the downtrodden sections of society. These people inhabit the slums that are plagued with congestion and poor sanitation. The government has taken a few initiatives to give a fatherly hand to the urban poor. These include the following.

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Urban: It was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban poverty alleviation in 2015. It targets the aim of providing housing for all by 2022 when India completes 75 years of independence. The mission was designed to deal with the issues arising out of slums. Slums are informal settlements with high population density characterized by substandard housing and lack of hygiene. It also aims at promoting affordable housing through credit linked subsidy of 6.5% on housing loan for 15 years. Construction of a house or its enhancement can be undertaken by the loan amount. Public private participation model will be used. The beneficiaries include economically weaker sections (EWS) and low income group (LIG) categories who will be granted rupees 1 Lakh rupees. Additionally, 1.5 lakh rupees will be given to all eligible urban poor for construction in urban areas or the renovation of existing houses. the scheme has three phases that will continue till 2022.

Affordable rental housing complexes for urban migrants was envisioned in 2020. It targeted workers who migrated from rural areas to urban areas. Under this government funded houses across cities that were not allotted yet, were converted to rental housing complexes. This conversion was to be done through concession agreements for 25 years after which they will be reverted to Urban local bodies (ULBs).

In June this year, the cabinet gave a green signal to the India-Japan memorandum of cooperation in the field of sustainable Urban Development. The Ministry of housing and urban affairs and the Ministry of land, infrastructure, transport and tourism signed the agreement. This program will generate employment opportunities while planning a sustainable urban landscape.

These initiatives by the government will accrue affordable housing to the poor. The major issue is that the progress is slow. Lockdown compounded this problem since infrastructure development was stalled during the pandemic. However, the government is sanguine about the progress of the projects.
Affordable housing and congestion have been addressed on global platforms like Habitat for Humanity summit III in Ecuador. The “New urban agenda” was a product of the summit. Giving slum dwellers upgraded housing with basic services by 2030 was envisioned in the document.
According to experts, congestion is a major contributor to the housing shortage. The United nations habitat defines overcrowding as when one habitable room is occupied by more than three people. The pandemic further highlighted the threats from congestion. Physically distancing and home quarantining created new standards. These new developments need to be incorporated into future city planning.

Water pollution, or water pollution, refers to the loss of purity by human activities such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater. Water pollution is caused by changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of water. This affects the animals and plants that live in those water bodies.

Natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, alkaloids, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and its ecological conditions. However, water pollution is the state in which the water is polluted by human activities and becomes unfit for human use and life. There are many causes for water pollution and it is of many natures.

The main causes of water pollution can be divided into two categories depending on the source of the pollution. The first is called point-source pollution. The other is non-point source pollution. The first type includes contaminants formed by mixing pollutants with water from a single source.

The second type of pollution does not originate from a single site. It is formed by pollutants that accumulate little by little over a wide area. So there is a high level of vulnerability to humans and animals.The Government of Tamil Nadu Water Resources Authority has released a map showing the effects of polluted water on the human body. This map gives the effects on each part of the human body. Water is polluted due to excessive discharge of essential human wastes.

Microbial contaminants

 Effect

Infectious diseases in humans (eg bacteria, viruses and worms), Aquatic organisms die.

Oxygen deficient pollutants.

Water is polluted due to the depletion of oxygen in the water due to the effect of heat. Generally, the oxygen level in the water should be 8 to 15 mg / liter.

Effect

Freshwater bacteria, which are microorganisms in the water, can die due to lack of oxygen.Thus destroying aquatic organisms such as fish. (E.g .: Sewage, Animal Residue & Sewage, Mixing of Paper Factory Sewage with Freshwater)

Inorganic chemical pollutants

Water is polluted by the mixing of industrial effluents.

Effect

Cannot be used for drinking water and agriculture,Skin cancers occur, affecting the nervous system, liver, kidneys;Iron rusts.Yields are declining in agriculture.

Organic chemical pollutants

Water is polluted due to mixing of industrial effluents, household sewage and urine stagnation.

Effect

Affects the nervous system, causes cancer, Fish and creatures are affected. E.g .: oil, petrol, plastic, laundry detergent, pesticides

Contaminants caused by input

Landslides and sand erosion cause changes in water quality.

Effect

Changes occur in the food chain. The water capacity decreases due to the deposition of sediments and sand particles in the lake and reservoirs. Ocean acidification, Ocean temperature variation Nutrition & Biodiversity Reduction

Methods of preventing water pollution

• Reducing the amount of sewage water
• Complete cessation of deforestation
• Liquids such as oil and gasoline should be
• prevented from mixing with water
• Reducing mercury excretion
• Termination of mining rehearsal
• Chemical & Chemical Cleaning of the Environment
• Fighting global warming / global warming

Medicinal herbs have been used around the world since ancient times to treat diseases. These have been found to be used not only by humans but also by animals.It is known that in case of diarrhea, allergies, etc., the tiger does not look for prey but only certain plants and fasts until it is exhausted.

Traditional Indian medicine, Siddha, Ayurveda, Chinese and Tibetan medicine have given priority to medicinal herbs. The basic premise of all traditional medicine is how food is created for the needs of living things in the world, as well as medicines for the diseases that can cause them.

Before using these herbs directly, you need to know some details.

In Siddha and Ayurvedic systems, not only the characteristics of the plants, but also the ‘transcendental forces’ embedded in these plants according to the planetary position at certain times are considered to be the most important attribute. Therefore, the timing of collecting these plants for medicine, the body cleansing of the collector, the internal cleansing, the things to be pronounced while collecting and preparing the medicine, etc. should be known by the selected specialist.

Before receiving the benefits of many herbs, the antidote must be removed so that those benefits can be obtained directly in the required amount. For example, pepper is something we normally use in our diet. But before using it for medicine, the pepper should be soaked in fermented whey for 3 hours and dried to remove the antiseptics (according to the medical – toxic).

Herbs are usually free of side effects. We also use many herbs in our daily diet. But since there are many subtleties to be followed when using in medical methods, it is best to follow the guidance of the chosen expert to achieve the full benefit of the herbs.

Some of the medicinal plants we are using in our daily life:

Coriander

This is also a good tonic to stimulate appetite and reduce bile. Cures fever, colds, coughs, by the way, arthritis, neurasthenia. Reduce blood sugar and cure high blood pressure, gallstones and epilepsy. Mental strength is great. Peace of mind, giving sleep. Reduces bad breath, toothache and gingivitis.

Curry leaves

Good tonic, diarrhea, sputum, fever, irritability, liver disorders will disappear. Relieves bile and heats the body. Curry leaves are also good for stimulating the mind. Curry leaves can cure nausea, diarrhea caused by diarrhea and chronic fever. Curry leaves help to cure insanity caused by excess bile.

Mint

Good tonic will cure urinary problem, indigestion, fever. Excellent laxative. Mint greens also contain water, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, phosphorus, calcium, iron, vitamin A, nicotinic acid, riboflavin and thiamine.

Omavalli

The best cough medicine. If you eat 5 leaves as it is, nasal congestion, dry throat and cough will disappear immediately. Acts as quickly as the famous cough medical. Good tonic, eliminates all ailments. Ideal for jaundice, ulcers, leprosy, elephantiasis, diarrhea, neurasthenia, memory etc. Ten leaves at a time is enough.

Thoothuvalai

Good for relieving neurasthenia, clearing bronchitis and skin diseases. Ten leaves at a time is enough to make it the best tonic for children’s brain development and memory development. Messenger is also good for deafness, itching, relaxation, etc.

These are the traditional medicinal plants that ar used by us for our good health.

Gratitude has a greater impact on our lives than we think. In this article we will look at what positive psychology has to say about the habit of giving thanks. Related article: “Gratitude has a greater impact on our lives than we think. Let’s see in this article what positive psychology says about the habit of giving thanks.Every year, on different dates, the United States and Canada celebrate Thanksgiving, originally called Thanksgiving.

Americans celebrate it on the last Thursday in November, on Canadian soil, the second Monday in October. Its Origin In Plymouth, in 1621, a group of pilgrims shared their autumn harvest with the Vampanok Indians, thanks to whom they were taught farming and hunting techniques.

The celebration of reconciliation and gratitude between pilgrims and Native Americans lasted three days.Many years later, in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln declared that distant event a national holiday to be celebrated on the last Thursday in November. However, it was not until 1941 that it was officially established by the North American Congress under President Franklin Roosevelt.

To this day, this tradition includes meeting at the table as a family and having a turkey for dinner, fried or baked, which is the main dish; In addition, salads, breads and cakes work well with it. That night, families enjoy a special moment where each member shares their blessings and gives thanks for it.

From an ethical and philosophical point of view, gratitude is defined as a moral virtue that refers to good behavior (McCallock, Gilbotrick, Emmons and Larson, 2001); According to the Royal Spanish Academy, this is a sense of value that leads us to reconsider the benefits we have been given or wanted to do. However, gratitude develops in us more than wanting to reconsider a good deed.

Positive Psychology is the scientific study of all that provides psychological well-being, beginning research in the late 1990s on the effects of gratitude, by Robert Emmons of the University of California and Michael McCullough of the University of Miami. This study involves creating three groups that are approximately assigned with the indication of having a weekly diary. The first group should write in their journal the things they are thankful for; Second, he would write everything that made them angry; The third group will focus on neutral events. Ten weeks later, those who wrote only the approvals that the results revealed were in better health than the rest of the participants.

Northrup (2012) says that when we look at something with gratitude, no matter how small, we maintain that gratitude for 15 to 20 seconds, as our body undergoes various subtle and beneficial physiological changes, for example: lowering stress levels and strengthening the immune system; Better blood flow;

The heartbeat synchronizes and breathing deepens, thus increasing the amount of oxygen in the tissues.Cultivating gratitude requires will and discipline just like any other activity, so continuous training produces physical and emotional benefits. In this way, the grateful can see the positivity even in moments of suffering, evaluating these elements to integrate with their existence.

So gratitude includes a balanced view of the positive and negative aspects of the experience (Moyano, 2011). Facing life situations, the reflection of gratitude can be an adaptive psychological strategy, i.e., an ability to adapt to such situations, as well as an important development in which the person can positively interpret their everyday experiences.

You can start by spending a few minutes before you go to sleep, thinking about everything that happened to you during the day, maybe for a meeting with your friends, for having a coat that protects you from the cold when you leave home, for the message that keeps you in a good mood, for family, that you are alive and healthy. For all of those experiences and decisions that led you to this moment; Because, even from the bad experiences you learn, you get mature, they strengthen your character and prepare you to make better decisions tomorrow. As long as identifying the blessings around you is part of you, you can do this practice whenever you want.

Not only does it build a good relationship with you and others, but thanksgiving in a real and honest way opens the door to better health. So give thanks every day, beyond the second Monday in October or the last Thursday in November.

Nazca Lines

Atlantis may be a myth, but the mysterious Nazca Lines are real. This majestic geography of arid coastal Peru depicts spiders, monkeys, plants and other artifacts. They date back to about 500 B.C. But they are much appreciated by the wind (although everything can be seen from the ground). No one knows why prehistoric Nazca culture went in an attempt to create Earth Cliffs, although they may have had a ceremonial role or may have been associated with stars in the sky.

Loch Ness

Beautiful Loch Ness is remarkable even without the monster sights that have become a global name. This lake, located in the Scottish Highlands, is the largest Scottish Loch. It reaches a depth of 755 feet (230 m) and covers an area of ​​21.8 square miles (56.4 sq km). This mammoth size may have been part of leading to rumors of a large beast lurking in the lake. Loch Ness Monster first made headlines in an article in 1933, which suggested that a disturbance between the ducks on the surface of the lake might be a fight. However, this was enough to provoke rumors, especially in 1934 when a photo of a long-necked lake monster was released.

Savinda

According to Mexican tribes, this place is the center of the intersection of the real and other worlds. This is where incredible events that are difficult for a modern person to understand take place. Savinda is interested in many treasure hunters. Although the treasure has not been found there until now. Seekers attribute their failures to other world powers.

Yonaguni Pyramids

In Japan, near the island of Yonaguni, mysterious underwater pyramids were discovered. They are causing great controversy among modern scientists. It is not yet understood whether the construction was an event, or whether the pyramids were man-made. During numerous studies, scientists have been able to establish the approximate age of objects – they are over 10 thousand years old. If it is possible to prove that buildings were erected by unknown civilization, then the whole of humanity

Stonehenge

All the people of the planet know about this place. It symbolizes its mystery, magical beginnings, and myths.The Stonehenge Megalithic System is about a hundred meters in diameter, located in the Salisbury Plain. In this sense, the stones are arranged in a circle and surrounded by an earthen tower and a moat. At the very center is an altar made of sandstone. Until now, scientists have not been able to determine what this structure was built for and how the ancient people used it. But here are suggestions that magical rites were performed or that it was an ancient laboratory.

Writing everyday can benefit everyone, not only writers. It improves your memory, builds vocabulary, and refines your communication skills. Not to forget that writing can be very relaxing, especially if you lead a busy and stressful life. You can either start a dream journal, write down your daily adventures, or simply put the pen to the paper and see where it leads. There are no specific rules, just creating a habit of writing every day. And perhaps you will pen the next great novel. There are five reasons to give it a try:

1. HELP WITH WRITER’S BLOCK – Every creative individual knows how difficult it is to face writer’s block. It is a terrible thing to deal with, and some writers don’t know how to get past it. Perhaps you are used to producing high quality text for your blog, but cannot even complete one paragraph without feeling unmotivated. Or you stopped working on your short story because of the thought of continuing to write is terrifying. You need to reduce the pressure, regardless of your current situation. and the best way to do so is to start writing a couple of sentences everyday. Many writers rely on that spark of imagination which inspires them to write. Some might even ask for help to get them going. So choose a time of the day when you will sit down and write. It might be difficult at first, but do your best not to feel stressed and write as relaxed as possible. Don’t be too concerned about the quality of your work because you can always come back later and edit it. Writing will become natural if you persist, which will do wonders for you productivity in the future.
2. RELIEVE STRESS – Journalism is a form of writing that reduces stress, and there are several psychological studies that prove it. Putting down the events of your day on a piece of paper or even writing a life story about yourself will give you a better perspective of your current situation, and you will probably feel better once you share your emotions with a journal. This can have a positive effect on people who are very closed up and tend not to share their feelings with their friends and family. You can also use journaling to track your moods and this can give you an excellent overview. So after finishing a daily entry, don’t forget to add how you are feeling at that particular time. You might be able to recognize the reasons why you feel a specific emotion and learn how to cope with it in the future.
3. MAKE A PROFIT – There are so many online jobs opportunities for writers that will provide the ability to earn some money while doing exactly what you love. If you always wanted to be blogger, now might be the time to publish your first post. However, if you want to attract an audience to your articles, you need to post often, and your work should be engaging. This means you need to practice writing and get better at you craft. The more readable and educational your work is, the more your audience will stop by.
4. BECOME A BETTER WRITER – Consistency is the key when it comes to improving your writing skills. Stephen King, who is one of the most productive writers ever, claims that writing every single day is the reason why he is capable of completing more than one book a year. So the more you write, the stronger your writing skills will become. You will be able to communicate daily with your readers and discover your style. Writing daily can introduce you to different techniques that might be very fun for you, and ignite your imagination. You may try poetry because it can teach you even more about the creative process. Plus, this is where your vocabulary will come into play, because you will be able you use more obscure words and explore the meanings.
5. EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY – It doesn’t matter if you are professional writer or not, having good vocabulary can help you out in numerous situations. Now that we are in era of online communication, everyone is searching for shorter and easier ways to share our thoughts with the world, which makes our vocabularies smaller and smaller. If you notice that you cannot find a right word in a business meeting or while writing an email, it might be time to start writing more. You can begin by learning one new word every single day and making a habit of using it in your writing. If you are worried that you might forget the words after a couple of days, dedicate a single page of your journal to making a complete list of the ones you used in the past. You can revisit the list and throw in a couple of expressions into your current project.

India’s Official Olympic Theme Song was launched ahead of the Summer Games in July-August. Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports Kiren Rijiju was present on the occasion. Playback Singer Mohit Chauhan has composed and sung the song titled ‘Lakshya Tera Samne Hai’.
 
The event was organised by Indian Olympic Association (IOA) and attended by its President Narinder Batra among others. The Games will open on 23rd of next month and over 100 Indian athletes have qualified for the event so far.

The UK high court has rejected diamantaire Nirav Modi’s appeal against his extradition to India, leaving him with five days to mount a further appeal. In February, the Westminster Magistrates’ Court had cleared Nirav Modi’s extradition, finding him guilty of fraud and money laundering in the Punjab National Bank scam and dismissing his claims that he would not get a fair trial in India. UK home secretary Priti Patel subsequently approved the extradition in April.
 
Nirav Modi had approached the UK high court to ascertain if there were any grounds for an appeal against Patel’s decision or the Westminster Magistrates’ Court order. This appeal has now been rejected by a high court judge. Under the legal guidelines, Nirav Modi as an appellant has five business days to apply for such an oral consideration, giving him time until next week. Meanwhile, Nirav Modi remains behind bars at Wandsworth Prison in south-west London since his arrest over two years ago on 19 March 2019.

India has administered64.89 lakh vaccine dosesto the eligible beneficiaries in the last 24 hours. With this over 30.16 crore vaccine doses have been administered so far under Nationwide Vaccination Drive. The Union Health Ministry in a statement said that the country has reported 54 thousand 69 new cases in the last 24 hours.
 
The active caseload in the country has further declined and reached the level of 6 lakh 27 thousand and 57. Over 68,885 patients also recovered during the last 24 hours taking the total recoveries to more than 2 crore 90 lakh 63 thousand. The Ministry further added that daily recoveries continue to outnumber the Daily New Cases for the 42nd consecutive day.
 
The country has registered further improvement in the Recovery Rate which has now increased to 96.61 percent. Weekly Positivity Rate remains below 5 percent, and is currently at 3.04 percent. Daily positivity rate is at 2.91 percent, which is less than 5 percent for 17 consecutive days. The Ministry said, testing capacity has been substantially ramped up and 39.78 crore tests for Covid-19 have been conducted in total. 

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will chair a meeting of all political parties from Jammu and Kashmir in the National Capital today. 14 leaders from various political parties have been invited for the meeting. Gupkar Alliance has accepted the invitation from the Prime Minister. Congress has confirmed that its leader Ghulam Nabi Azad will attend the meet.
 
National Conference Patron Farooq Abdullah said that they expect they will be able to make clear their position to the Prime Minister and Home Minister Amit Shah. Peoples Democratic Party chief Mehbooba Mufti, who is in Delhi, has said that she hopes for a clear resolution to their concerns saying that every issue can be solved through dialogue. 

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has said that tradition and technology will boost the initiative of Aatmanirbhar Bharat. He said, toys and games combine tradition and technology. Prime Minister Narendra Modi today interacted with participants of Toycathon-2021. Toycathon 2021 was jointly launched by the Ministry of Education, Women and Child Development Ministry, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Ministry, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, Textile Ministry, Information and Broadcasting Ministry and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) on 5th January this year.
 
It was launched to conceptualize innovative toys based on the Indian value system which will inculcate positive behavior and good value among the children. During the event, Mr. Modi shared his valuable ideas and suggestions for designing and conceptualizing the innovative games and urged the participants to create more innovative games. Highlighting the importance of Yoga, the Prime Minister has said that the practice of Yoga has increased and these innovative toys and games will promote Yoga.
 
Around one lakh 20 thousand participants had registered and submitted more than 17 thousand ideas for the Toycathon2021. Out of them one thousand 567 ideas have been shortlisted for the three days online Toycathon Grand Finale. Railways Minister Piyush Goyal and Minister of State for Education Sanjay Dhotre were present on the occasion. Higher Education Secretary Amit Khare and other senior officials also attended the event. 

 Certain colors have been associated with increased blood pressure, increased metabolism, and eyestrain. So how exactly does color work? How is color believed to impact mood and behavior?

What Is Color Psychology?

In 1666, English scientist Sir Isaac Newton discovered that when pure white light passes through a prism, it separates into all of the visible colors. Newton also found that each color is made up of a single wavelength and cannot be separated any further into other colors.

Further experiments demonstrated that light could be combined to form other colors. For example, red light mixed with yellow light creates an orange color. Some colors, such as green and magenta, cancel each other out when mixed and result in a white light.

If you have ever painted, then you have probably noticed how certain colors can be mixed to create other colors.

“Given the prevalence of color, one would expect color psychology to be a well-developed area,” researchers Andrew Elliot and Markus Maier have noted. “Surprisingly, little theoretical or empirical work has been conducted to date on color’s influence on psychological functioning,1 and the work that has been done has been driven mostly by practical concerns, not scientific rigor.”

Despite the general lack of research in this area, the concept of color psychology has become a hot topic in marketing, art, design, and other areas. Much of the evidence in this emerging area is anecdotal at best, but researchers and experts have made a few important discoveries and observations about the psychology of color and the effect it has on moods, feelings, and behaviors.

For example, while the color white is used in many Western countries to represent purity and innocence, it is seen as a symbol of mourning in many Eastern countries.

The Psychological Effects of Color

Why is color such a powerful force in our lives? What effects can it have on our bodies and minds? While perceptions of color are somewhat subjective, there are some color effects that have universal meaning.

Colors in the red area of the color spectrum are known as warm colors and include red, orange, and yellow. These warm colors evoke emotions ranging from feelings of warmth and comfort to feelings of anger and hostility.

Colors on the blue side of the spectrum are known as cool colors and include blue, purple, and green. These colors are often described as calm, but can also call to mind feelings of sadness or indifference.

How do people respond to different colors? Select a color below to learn more about the possible effects and find reactions from other readers:

• Black 
• White 
• Red 
• Blue 
• Green 
• Yellow 
• Purple 
• Brown 
• Orange 
• Pink

Color Psychology as Therapy

Several ancient cultures, including the Egyptians and Chinese, practiced chromotherapy, or the use of colors to heal. Chromotherapy is sometimes referred to as light therapy or colorology.

Colorology is still used today as a holistic or alternative treatment.2 In this treatment:

• Red is used to stimulate the body and mind and to increase circulation.
• Yellow is thought to stimulate the nerves and purify the body.
• Orange is used to heal the lungs and to increase energy levels.
• Blue is believed to soothe illnesses and treat pain.
• Indigo shades are thought to alleviate skin problems.

Modern Research on Color Psychology

Most psychologists view color therapy with skepticism and point out that the supposed effects of color are often grossly exaggerated. Colors also have different meanings in different cultures.

However, existing research has found that color can impact people in a variety of surprising ways:

• Warm-colored placebo pills were reported as more effective than cool-colored placebo pills in one study.3
• Blue-colored streetlights can lead to reduced crime according to anecdotal evidence.
• Red causes people to react with greater speed and force, something that might prove useful during athletic activities according to researchers.4
• Black uniforms are more likely to receive penalties. Additionally, students were more likely to associate negative qualities with a player wearing a black uniform according to a study that looked at historical data of sports teams and what they were dressed.5

Color Can Influence Performance

Studies have also shown that certain colors can have an impact on performance. No one likes to see a graded test covered in red ink, but one study found that seeing the color red before taking an exam actually hurt test performance.6

While the color red is often described as threatening, arousing or exciting, many previous studies on the impact of the color red have been largely inconclusive. The study found, however, that exposing students to the color red prior to an exam has been shown to have a negative impact on test performance.

In the first of the six experiments described in the study, 71 U.S. colleges students were presented with a participant number colored either red, green or black prior to taking a five-minute test.

Color and Consumer Purchases

Color psychology suggests that various shades can have a wide range of effects, from boosting our moods to causing anxiety. But could the color of the products you purchase ever say something about your personality? For example, could the color of the car you buy somehow relate to some underlying personality traits or quirks?

Your color preferences why buying items might say something about the type of image you may be trying to project. Color preferences, from the clothes you wear to the car you drive, can sometimes make a statement about how we want other people to perceive us. Other factors such as age and gender can also influence the color choices we make.

• White: As many of our readers have suggested, the color white can feel fresh and clean. The color is often used to evoke a sense of youth and modernity.
• Black: Our readers often describe black as a “powerful” color, which might be the reason why black is the most popular color for luxury vehicles. People often describe the color as sexy, powerful, mysterious, and even ominous.
• Silver: It’s the third most popular color for vehicles and linked to a sense of innovation and modernity. High tech products are often silver, so the color is often linked to things that are new, modern, and cutting-edge.
• Red: Dreaming of a red vehicle? Red is a bold, attention-getting color, so preferring this type of car might mean you want to project an image of power, action, and confidence.
• Blue: People often describe blue as the color of stability and safety. Driving a blue car or SUV might indicate that you are dependable and trustworthy.
• Yellow: According to the experts, driving a yellow vehicle might mean that you are a happy person in general and perhaps a bit more willing than the average person to take risks.
• Gray: The experts suggest that people who drive gray cars don’t want to stand out and instead prefer something a bit more subtle.

Of course, the color selections we make are often influenced by factors including price, selection, and other practical concerns. Not only that, but color preferences can also change in time.7

A person might prefer brighter, more attention-getting colors when they are younger, but find themselves drawn to more traditional colors as they grow older. The personality of the buyer can play an important role in color selection, but buyers are often heavily influenced by factors such as price as well as availability.

For example, purchasing a white vehicle might be less about wanting people to think that you are young and modern and more about the climate you live in; people who live in hot climates typically prefer light-colored vehicles over dark ones.

Dowry system or an evil system of our country that still exists even after 72 years of independence. The system of giving the bride as a gift is justified. But to what extent the giving of vehicles, jewellery, and furniture is justified. Especially when it leads to issues such as domestic violence, sexual harassment, and sometimes suicide. In our county being a girl parent is a sin and credit goes to the dowry system that still exists. The idea behind the dowry system was, to make sure the bride will be financially stable after getting married. The intentions were very clear. Brides parents used to give money, land, assets to the bride as a “Gift” to make sure their daughter will be happy and independent after marriage. Now parents of the bride were looking at their bride as a source of income. Parents started hating their daughters and wanted only sons. They started demanding money as a dowry.

The new dowry system is creating problems in society. Poor parents do not get any groom who will marry their daughter without taking dowry. They have to take “Marriage Loans” to get their daughter married. Dowry is becoming a nightmare for Women. The cases of infanticide are increasing. Poor parents do not have any other option. They cannot afford to have a girl child, and hence they are intentionally killing infant girls. Dowry is creating violence. Groom’s parents are misusing this pure tradition. And they are not aware that they are misusing it, because they are not educated about the traditional dowry system. Everyone is just following the new dowry system blindly.

Dowry is complete injustice with women and does not give women equal status in society. Because of dowry men will always be superior to women. This is creating a mess and a negative environment in society. Under the Dowry Prohibition Act, taking or giving dowry is a crime and illegal. If you see someone taking or giving dowry then you can complain about them. Whenever someone takes the downy then it is sin but those who give dowry are equally culprit. So the need of the time is that we pledge to not give or take dowry in any case.

In 1987, the United Nations General Assembly decided to observe 26th June as the International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking as an expression of its determination to strengthen action and cooperation to achieve the goal of an international society free of drug abuse. The Conference recommended that an annual day should be observed to mark the importance of the fight against drug abuse and illicit trafficking. Both the dates 17 June and 26 June were suggested, and in the later meetings 26 June was chosen and written into the draft and final resolution. It is often referred to by Anti-Drug campaigners as 6/26. A play on Marijuana smokers “4/20” day is to be as celebrate cannabis. The UN’s 2007 World Drug Report puts the value of the illegal drug trade at US$322 billion a year. Campaigns, rallies, poster designing and many other programs are conducted. People of different countries celebrate the day together. As drug use increases, the day becomes more important. Justice for Health’, the theme for International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking 2019, highlights that “justice and health are two sides of the same coin when it comes to addressing drug problems.” The drug is an addiction if we ask any drug addicted person will tell that they have problem in family. If we give medicine and treatment only the starter and the middle person will change. We have to be happy we must not show our feelings to them or tell any sad situation. Everything in our life which happens will have a solution. Our life is like a rope we itself twist and make a knot and we remove it with, our teeth and fingers if look into it a small thing over it if it take it the rope will be as it was before. Life is not at all hard part every part is a simple and easy we itself making it harder or others test us how we are removing the knot. This is a simple technique in life each and everyone can advise. To follow the tips or to make your life smoother you have to leave a thing or make thing, if you think you are watching for long hours leave it in that time read some stories. This is an example if you try this for 21 days you can achieve if you cannot do it properly don’t worry think that you are leaving slowly. When you think something is telling to do the thing which you don’t want to do then think that you have came over doing that thing so only the thought is coming. You must not keep counting 21 days because your focus will be on date not on the action. Each thing has a day and time we must leave it at a point it will not continue more than a time limit. Before there was no such drugs but nowadays there are many drugs which small age persons also addicted. In this situation what things we do more and more to make us happy is also called as drug.

For the development of the country, education is a must. But not only education but equal access to education is vital. With modernization, our country’s education index increase gradually. But the sad part is the gulf between the education ratio between boys and girls is still wide. Our country can progress only when our country gives equal access to education to girls also. but it is not possible due to various factors that make it impossible for girls to get an education in our country. Firstly, the poverty rate of our country. The condition is miserable. And when It comes to education. It is only a girl child who has to suffer. Families are educating only boy child barely caring about the female child of the family. This problem still exists even after 72 years of independence. Even though education is being made free, it still involves a substantial cost to send girls to school. Therefore, families who are struggling to make ends meet fail to pay the educational expenses of their children.

Another problem is that in rural areas, there aren’t many schools. This creates a distance problem as they are located far from the villages. In some areas, students have to walk for three to four hours to reach their school. This is where the safety of the girls gets compromised so parents don’t see it fit to send them off so far. Furthermore, the conservative thinking of the people makes it tougher for girls to get an education. Some people still believe girls are meant to stay in their houses and look after the kitchen. They do not like women to do any other tasks except for household ones. social evils like child marriage and child labour also stop the girl from getting an education. Parents pull daughters out of school to marry them off at an early age. Also, when girls indulge in child labour, they do not get time to study. If we wish to see India progress and develop, we need to educate our girl children. They are indeed the future of our nation. Moreover, when they become educated, they will not have to be dependent on others for their livelihood.

One of the most important benefits of girl education is that the country’s future will be brighter and better. Similarly, our economy can grow faster if more and more women become financially strong thereby reducing poverty. Furthermore, women who are educated can take proper care of their children. This will strengthen the future as lesser kids will die due to a lack of vaccination or a similar reason. Most importantly, educated women can result in a decrease in social issues like corruption, child marriage, domestic abuse, and more. They will become more confident and handle their families better in all spheres. Thus we see how one educated woman can bring so much change in her life along with the others as well.

The Nataraj Temple Chidambaram is also referred as Thillai Nataraj Temple. This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is in the southern state of Tamilnadu in India. The temple has a deep mythical connection. When the name of the town was Thillai, a Shiva shrine used to be there in the temple. Chidambaram is the name of the city where the temple is now situated literally meaning “clothed in thought” or “atmosphere of wisdom”.

The architecture of the temple represents the link between arts and spirituality. The temple was constructed during the 10th Century when Chidambaram used to be the capital of the Chola dynasty. The Cholas considered Lord Shiva as Nataraj as their family deity. The Nataraj temple has undergone damage, renovation and expansion throughout the 2nd millennium. Although Shiva is the main deity of the temple, it also represents major themes from Vaishnavism, Shaktism and others with all due reverence. The Chidambaram temple complex proudly boasts of being one of the oldest temple complexes in Southern India. The most unique characteristic of the Nataraj Temple is the bejewelled image of Nataraj.

The temple has five main Halls or Sabhas namely the Kanaka Sabha, the Cit Sabha, Nritta Sabha, Deva Sabha and Raja Sabha. Nataraj happens to be one of the most momentous forms of Lord Shiva. Chidambaram is also amongst one of the most celebrated shrines of Lord Shiva in the country. The place also bears a significant importance from both cultural point of view and historical perspective as well.Now R & D, Western scientists have proved that at Lord Nataraja ‘s big toe is the Centre Point of World ‘s Magnetic Equator.

Ancient Tamil Scholar Thirumoolar has proved this Five thousand years ago! His treatise Thirumandiram is a wonderful Scientific guide for the whole world.

​Chidambaram temple embodies the following characteristics :

1. This temple is located at the Center Point of world ‘s Magnetic Equator.
2. amoung the “Pancha bootha” temples, Chidambaram denotes the Skies. Kalahasthi denotes Wind. Kanchi Ekambareswar denotes land. All these 3 temples are located in a straight line at 79 degrees 41 minutes Longitude. This can be verified. An amazing fact & astronomical miracle !
3. Chidambaram temple is based on the Human having 9 Entrances denoting 9 Entrances or Openings of the body.
4. Temple roof is made of 21600 gold sheets which denotes the 21600 breaths taken by a human being every day (15 x 60 x 24 = 21600)
5. These 21600 gold sheets are fixed on the “Vimanam” (Roof) using 72000 gold nails which denote the total no. of Nadis (Nerves) in the human body.
6. Thirumoolar states that man represents the shape of Shivalingam, which represents Chidambaram which represents Sadashivam which represents Lord SHIVA’s dance!
7. “Ponnambalam ” is placed slightly tilted towards the left. This represents our Heart. To reach this, we need to climb 5 steps called “Panchatshara padi ” “Si, Va, Ya, Na, Ma ” are the 5 Panchatshara mantras. There are 4 pillars holding the Kanagasabha representing the 4 Vedas.
8. Ponnambalam has 28 pillars denoting the 28 “Ahamas “as well as the 28 methods to worship Lord Shiva. These 28 pillars support 64 +64 Roof Beams which denote the 64 Arts. The cross beams represent the Blood Vessels running across the Human body.
9. Kalasas on the Golden Roof represent the 9 types of Sakthi or Energies.The 6 pillars at the Artha Mantapa represent the 6 types of Sashtras.The 18 pillars in the adjacant Mantapa represents 18 Puranams.
10. The dance of Lord Nataraja is described as Cosmic Dance by Western Scientists.

Quite a number of legends are associated with that of the Chidambaram Nataraj Temple. A couple of annual festivals and traditions that are celebrated with utmost grandeur and pomp are Aani Tirumanjanam and Margazhi Tiruvaadirai.

Every year July 28 is celebrated as the world conservation day is celebrated internationally to increase awareness about the best practices to protect our natural resources. We should acknowledge that a healthy environment is the foundation for a stable and healthy society. To ensure the well-being of the present and future generations, we all must as responsible human beings participate in protecting and conserving our nature. Nature is a really beautiful thing in this running world if you sit and watch these nature around you it gives a relaxation for our mind. In nature there are many things we can admire each and everything. We cannot be same as our ancestors but we can live like them a little, in those days they left a big space for nature and small for them we can keep big space for us and small space for nature as garden in land. Nowadays it is become a fashion of keeping terrace gardening its nice but if you plant in the garden as a tree from it many birds, insects, squrilles etc can be happy. We can keep a pet in those days they feed dogs and cats only when they are hungry we should give space to do their habit other than we should not change the habit. The most obvious reason for conservation is to protect wildlife and promote biodiversity. Protecting wildlife and preserving it for future generations also means that the animals we love don’t become a distant memory. And we can maintain a healthy and functional ecosystem. In nature we have to conserve many things

• Environmental Conservation:

Environmental conservation is basically the practice of us humans to save the environment from collapsing, such as loss of species, ecosystems due to pollution and human activities. This helps both trees and animals, since some of us are dependent on them to survive. We need to save trees because they convert the carbon dioxide (CO2) we produce from factories and such to oxygen (O2) for us to breathe and respire.

• Animal conservation:

Animal conservation is the act of protecting ecosystems and environments to protect the animals that live there. Projects and animal conservation societies are being set up and developed all over the world every day, and along with that come the urgent need for animal conservation volunteers and science specialists.

• Marine Conservation:

Marine conservation, also known as ocean conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas through planned management in order to prevent the over-exploitation of these resources.

• Human Conservation:

Conservation seeks the sustainable use of nature by humans, for activities such as hunting, logging, or mining, while preservation means protecting nature from human use. This difference is illustrated by how the United States manages its public lands.

Nature is everywhere nature is like gold when we save it how much is possible when we are in difficulties it will save us. We can plant many trees as much as possible it gives us air and oxygen and some plants gives fruits, vegetables and flowers. We can make our free from pollution a small change can be a big thing one day. We will save our nature life and it will save us.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was an aerospace scientist who joined India’s defense department after graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology. He was a central figure in the development of the country’s nuclear capabilities and was hailed as a national hero after a series of successful tests in 1998. Kalam served as India’s president for one term from 2002 to 2007, and died of a heart attack on July 27, 2015.

Early Years

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born into a Muslim family on October 15, 1931, on the island of Dhanushkodi off the southeastern coast of India. He developed an early fascination with flight by watching birds, which developed into an interest in aeronautics after he saw a newspaper article about a British fighter plane.

Despite his modest beginnings – his dad built and rented boats – Kalam was a bright student who showed promise in science and mathematics. He attended St. Joseph’s College and went on to earn a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology.

Rise to the Presidency

His hopes of becoming a fighter pilot were dashed when he narrowly missed out on a spot with the Indian Air Force. Kalam instead joined the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) as a senior scientific assistant in 1958. After moving to the newly formed Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969, he was named project director of the SLV-III, the first satellite launch vehicle designed and produced on Indian soil.

Returning to the DRDO as director in 1982, Kalam implemented the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. He then became the senior scientific adviser to India’s defense minister in 1992, a position he used to campaign for the development of nuclear tests.

Kalam was a key figure in the May 1998 Pokhran-II tests, in which five nuclear devices were detonated in the Rajasthan Desert. Although the tests resulted in condemnation and economic sanctions from other world powers, Kalam was hailed as a national hero for his staunch defense of the country’s security.

In 2002, India’s ruling National Democratic Alliance helped Kalam win an election against Lakshmi Sahgal and become India’s 11th president, a largely ceremonial post. Known as the People’s President, Kalam set a goal of conducting 500,000 one-on-one meetings with young people over the course of his five-year term. His immense popularity led to him being nominated by MTV for a Youth Icon of the Year award in 2003 and 2006.

After leaving office in 2007, Kalam became a visiting professor at several universities. He formed the “What Can I Give Movement” in 2011 with the goal of creating a compassionate society, and in 2012, his efforts to improve healthcare led to the release of a tablet for medical personnel to use in remote areas.

Death and Legacy

On July 27, 2015, Kalam suffered a massive heart attack while lecturing at the Indian Institute of Management and subsequently died at the age of 83.

Kalam was laid to rest on July 30 with full state honors in his native Tamil Nadu. In honor of the scientist and former president, the southeast Indian state government of Tamil Nadu created a “Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award,” which recognizes exceptional individuals who promote the sciences, students and humanities. The government has also established Kalam’s birthday (October 15) as “Youth Renaissance Day.” Discussion about building a large-scale memorial at his burial site is underway.

Among his many accolades, including honorary doctorates from 40 universities, he was granted the Padma Bhushan (1981), the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharat Ratna (1997) — India’s highest civilian awards — for his contributions in modernizing government defense technology. He also wrote several books, including the autobiography Wings of Fire in 1999.

PALAKKAD: Bhuvaneswari Amma is 62. But her energy belies her age. She runs around her 24-acre organic farm, barefoot. She enters slushy paddy fields to plant saplings and remove weeds alongside workers, shares food with them in the fields. In between, food is packed and delivered to Covid-affected families. She also helps take patients to hospitals and supply medicines. She tutors students living in the vicinity as well.A resident of Kolayakode, Elapully, Bhuvaneswari’s passion for farming and charity work drives her to go the extra mile. As she walks along briskly, one is tempted to ask: “Where is your footwear?”

“With footwear, I feel like I am moving away from nature,” says Bhuvaneswari.Paddy is cultivated in ten acres and mango orchards constitute a similar area, she says. “Then there is turmeric, jackfruit trees, black gram, black sesame and different flowers.”She also rears hens, ducks and native varieties of cattle, like Vechur, Kasaragod Kullan and Gir. “The manure for the crops comes from the cattle. There is also a one-and-a-half-acre pond where fish is reared.”

Family support keeps her smiling and enjoying the work, she says.Dr N Shudhodhanan, a retired deputy director with the animal husbandry department who resides nearby, says Bhuvaneswari spends generously for the benefit of the sick and the needy. “Every week, she provides more than 100 relief kits and food to families struggling with disease and to old age homes. In the past, people in the area used to be abandoned in one corner of their houses when affected by cancer. Now, she helps take such persons to healthcare centres and give them medicines in consultation with medical practitioners,” he says.It started off with her husband Venkatachalapathy, a maths teacher who retired as the principal of the Government Moyans HSS, receiving a share of the ancestral property in Kolayakode. The couple’s two sons then secured jobs in European countries, and proceeded to ensure their parents’ happiness. They purchased all the adjacent land.Shudhodanan remembers that the land was full of wild growth two decades ago. The couple initially lived in a modest tiled house. Gradually, they implemented scientific methods and converted the land into a fertile plot through sheer hard work. “At that time, organic farming had not received the hype it now has,” recalls Bhuvaneswari, who is now an active member of the Jaiva Samrakshana Samithy.She has four children Sajith, Sabith, Sabitha and Aneesh. The 31-year-old Aneesh was adopted by the family when he was six. Bhuvaneswari is a much-loved volunteer of the Sneha Theeram Palliative unit, says K Revathy Babu, president of Elapully panchayat.she is the super model mother.

By : G Gnana Priya dharshini

     Peer pressure can be both negative and positive. Because if a person is a peer pressuring you for a good cause then it is motivation. Motivation is essential for the growth of a person. While peer pressure for a bad cause will always lead you to a disastrous situation.

Therefore it necessary for a person to not get influenced by the people around them. They should analyze the outcome of the deed in a strict manner. So that they no may commit anything harmful for themselves. As this world is full of bad people, so you need to be careful before trusting anybody.

Advantages of Peer Pressure

* Peer pressure is advantageous in many ways. Most importantly it creates a sense of motivation in the person. Which further forces the person to cross the barrier and achieve something great. Furthermore, it boosts the confidence of a person. Because our brain considers people’s opinions and makes them a priority.

*Many salesmen and Entrepreneurs use this technique to influence people to buy their products. Whenever we are in a social meet we always get various recommendations. Therefore when a person gets these recommendations the brain already starts liking it. Or it creates a better image of that thing. This forces the person to buy the product or at least consider it.

*This peer pressure technique also works in creating a better character of a person. For instance, when we recommend someone for a particular job, the interviewer already gets a better image of that person. Because he is recommended by a person the interviewer trusts. Therefore there is a great chance of that person to get hired.

*Above all the main advantage of peer pressure can be in youth. If a young person gets influenced by an individual or a group of people. He can achieve greater heights in his career.

Disadvantages of Peer Pressure 

*There are various disadvantages of peer pressure which can harm a person in many ways. If any person is not willing to perform a task then the peer pressure can be frustrating to him.

*Furthermore, peer pressure should not be in an excessive manner. Because it lands a negative impact on the person. A person should be of the mindset of listening to himself first. While considering opinions in favor of him.

*Peer pressure in youth from a bad company can lead a person to a nasty situation. Furthermore, it can also hamper a student’s career and studies if not averted. Youth these days are much influenced by the glamorous life of celebrities.

*And since they follow them so much, these people become their peers. Thus they do such things that they should not. Drugs and smoking are major examples of this. Moreover most shocking is that the minors are even doing these things. This can have adverse effects on their growth and career.

*It is necessary to judge the outcome of a deed before getting influenced by peers. Furthermore, peer pressure should always be secondary. Your own thoughts and wants should always have the first priority.

Motivation is a very important factor in our daily well-being. It prepares us for every moment at all times. It helps us to communicate healthy thoughts. This motivation is an integral part of the way of life. Motivation in a positive way inspires us to move forward all the time. In many ways we can keep a positive outlook on ourselves-

Living a healthy life and maintaining sagacious thinking.

Finish our daily works within time.

Moving forward with patience.

Motivation teaches us to live in the existing taboo. It is the bridge between time and action. It truly maintains the well-being of life.

Being able to say something fluently is a matter of credit. To survive in this fierce competition, we need to treat English as a very important medium. Knowing English helps us to advance ourselves a lot in terms of our self-esteem. It is an important medium of communication.

Spoken English is the key to success in international competition. Job opportunities in multinational companies have to be considered if one can’t actually speak English. Speaking English is the second medium of communication in different countries. English is the medium of communication in prestigious places. It is an important medium for us to move forward, which is very important for us to learn.

Doctor’s are highly respected in the world, in which they are worshipped in India. By the way, man is not capable of comparing him to God, but the doctor has achieved this status through his work.By the way, life is not human, but death is in the hands of God, but now God has given the right to give experience to a person by making him a doctor. We call this life donor a doctor, who gives birth to us, as well as sometimes saves us from death. In the field of medicine, doctors have progressed day by day. Today, a doctor can cure the most significant disease. With the help of the wonders of science, doctors are able to reach here today. 

Celebrations are made to honour and salute the doctor’s dedication, work, loyalty, honesty, dedication. To know full information about this day and what is its history, look at this article.

History of National Doctor’s Day

Since it is celebrated on different days in different countries, the history of celebrating this day is also our own. Here we are going to talk about the history of Doctor’s Day in India.

Doctor’s Day in India was started in 1991 by the then Government of India. Since then every year, the first date of July is established to be recognized and celebrated as National Doctor’s Day.

This day was ensured to honour and pay tribute to the legendary doctor and other Chief Minister of West Bengal, Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, across India. He was born on July 1, 1882, A.D in Patna city, Bihar, and died on this day 80 years later.

He completed his medical graduation from Calcutta and obtained MRCP and FRCP degrees in London in 1911 and returned to India the same year he started his medical career as a doctor in India.

He was a noted physician and renowned educationist of the country as well as a freedom fighter because he participated in the movements made by Mahatma Gandhi, and also took care of him in his fast.

After independence, he became the leader of the Indian National Congress Party and then later became the Chief Minister of West Bengal. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna Award in February 1961. Apart from this, Dr. BC Roy National Award was instituted in 1976 to remember him.

The award was to pay him respect and tribute. Therefore, to honour and remember such a great personality, National Doctor’s Day was started.

10 Lines about National Doctor’s Day

=>July 1 is celebrated every year on this day to commemorate the birth and death anniversary of the most famous doctor of the country Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (Dr. B C Roy).

=>The Govt of India formally dedicated the day to be celebrated as National Doctor’s Day first time in 1991 A.D as a mark of respect to Roy, a famous physician and 2nd CM of West Bengal.

=>Bidhan Chandra Roy was a renowned educationist as well as a freedom fighter as he joined the Mahatma Gandhi during the Civil Disobedience Movement.

=>The Indian Government honoured him with the highest civilian award Bharat Ratna in 1961 for his immense contribution to the society.

=>The theme of 2019 National Doctors Day is “Zero tolerance to violence against doctors and clinical establishment”.

=>Doctors Day is celebrated on different dates world over. Some countries also observe a holiday on this day.

=>While the United States celebrates the Day on March 30 Iran observes the Day on August 23.

=>In the country of Brazil, National Doctors’ Day is celebrated as a holiday on October 18, the day when the Roman Catholic Church celebrates the anniversary of Saint Luke.

=>In the country of Cuba, National Doctors’ Day is celebrated as a holiday on December 3 to commemorate the birthday of Carlos Juan Finlay.

=>The first Doctors’ Day was observed on March 30, 1933, in Winder, Georgia, US.

Conclusion

Although a person does not visit the doctor for the common cold and mild fever, if the condition worsens, they should not be ignored. Doctor’s need to build trust while performing their duties honestly. I hope you liked this informative Essay on National Doctor’s Day.

The Beginning of Journalism 

Journalism is the gathering, organizing, and distribution of news — to include feature stories and commentary — through the wide variety of print and non-print media outlets. It is not a recent phenomenon, by any means; the earliest reference to a journalistic product comes from Rome circa 59 B.C., when news was recorded in a circular called the Acta Diurna. It enjoyed daily publication and was hung strategically throughout the city for all to read, or for those who were able to read.

During the Tang dynasty, from 618 A.D. to 907 A.D., China prepared a court report, then named a bao, to distribute to government officials for the purpose of keeping them informed of relevant events. It continued afterward in a variety of forms and names until the end of 1911, and the demise of the Qing dynasty. However, the first indication of a regular news publication can be traced to Germany, 1609, and the initial paper published in the English language (albeit “old English”) was the newspaper known as the Weekly Newes from 1622. The Daily Courant, however, first appearing in 1702, was the first daily paper for public consumption.

It should come as no surprise that these earliest forays into keeping the public informed were met with government opposition in many cases. They attempted to impose censorship by placing restrictions and taxes on publishers as a way to curb freedom of the press. But literacy among the population, as a whole, was growing and because of this, along with the introduction of technology that improved printing and circulation, newspaper publications saw their numbers explode; and even though there remain pockets of news censorship around the world today, for the most part, journalistic freedom reigns.

Time passed, and the cost of news gathering increased dramatically, as publications attempted to keep pace with what seemed to be a growing and insatiable appetite for printed news. Slowly, news agencies formed to take the place of independent publishers. They would hire people to gather and write news reports, and then sell these stories to a variety of individual news outlets. However, the print media was soon about to come head-to-head with an entirely new form of news gathering — first, with the invention of the telegraph, then quickly followed by the radio, the television, and mass broadcasting. It was an evolution of technology that seemed all but inevitable.

Non-print media changed the dynamics of news gathering and reporting altogether. It sped up all aspects of the process, making the news, itself, more timely and relevant. Soon, technology became an integral part of journalism, even if the ultimate product was in print form. Today, satellites that transmit information from one side of the globe to another in seconds, and the Internet, as well, place breaking news in the hands of almost every person in the world at the same time. This has created a new model of journalism once again, and one that will likely be the standard for the future.

The Rise of Journalism in the United States

Not everyone was enamored with news reporting. When the earliest colonies were settling into life on this continent, there were many influential leaders that spoke with disdain about the press. One such person was Governor William Berkeley of Virginia who, in 1671, claimed, “I thank God, there are no free schools, nor printing, and I hope we shall not have, these hundred years, for learning has brought disobedience, and heresy, and sects into the world, and printing has divulged them, and libels against the best government. God keep us from both.” That is not a comment one would expect to hear in the United States today. But this was spoken at a time before technology had altered publication, and the purpose of most municipalities and their leaders was to see to it that people conformed.

Recent History of Journalism

Journalism of the 20th century and this first decade and a half of the 21st century. There is no question that the professionalism of this industry has grown immensely since the days of yellow journalism. There are several factors that are credited with this, including the fact that journalism became a recognized area of study at the university level, giving it a sense of importance missing prior to this. As well, there was an increasing body of knowledge on all aspects of the field of journalism, laying bare its flaws for others to examine, and explaining the techniques of mass communication from a social and psychological viewpoint. At the same time, social responsibility became the hallmark of journalism and journalists themselves elevated the profession through the creation of professional organizations. “A free and responsible press” is the battle cry of the journalist today, as ethics and standards are an important consideration of all who enter the profession.

The news has been changing with the introduction of new technologies. Even with the introduction of radio, and later, television, newspapers remained the most trusted source of information for most Americans, who only supplemented them with non-print media information. That is not so today. Non-print media dominate news acquisition by the public, and it has become more influential than could have been suspected in its infancy. Americans, and others, turn to non-print media to get sound bites of what is happening globally. Newspapers that put time, effort, reflection, and sweat and blood into the process of news gathering and reporting still aim to provide an in-depth look at events. The question becomes, who wants to take the time to ponder the world at the level that newspapers challenge the reader to ascribe to? The term “news,” itself, has taken on new meaning. There is hard news, celebrity news, breaking news, and other categories that have altered journalism from its beginnings.

However, even as the world continues to change, there is an ongoing need for the printed word, even if it is delivered electronically, instead of on paper. That should be some comfort to journalists, for indeed, there is hope that there will always be the need for a free and honest press.

RamNath Kovind is the 14th President of India. He has been served in Indian politics for last 23 years. Associated with one of the leading political parties in India, BJP, Kovind has been selected as one of the nominees for the next President of India. RamNath Kovind belongs to Koli caste from UP. He has succeeded Pranab Mukherjee.

Ram Nath Kovind was born on 1st October in the year 1945. He was born and brought up in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. He practiced in Delhi high court for long 16 years as a professional lawyer before he walked into the world of Indian politics in the year 1994.

Career:

*Ram Nath Kovind is a lawyer by profession. He completed his education in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. Afterwards he moved to Delhi High Court.

*He practiced as central government advocate in Delhi high court for 2 years. He joined the court in 1977 and till 1979 he served as central government advocate. In the year 1978 he had become an advocate on record under Supreme Court.

*From 1980 to 1993 he worked under Supreme Court as a central government standing counsel. From 1977 to 1993, for a long 16 years, he had been served the Indian Law as an extra ordinary advocate.

Political Career

*In the year 1994, he walked into the India political world when he elected as an honourable member of Rajya Sabha. He elected as member of Rajya Sabha two times. Apart from 1994, he was also elected in 2002.

*He had served Indian politics for 12 long years until now. Along with Rajya Sabha, he was a pivotal part of many other parliamentary committees. Some of them are home affairs, welfare of scheduled caste and scheduled tribes, law and justice, petroleum and natural gas, social justice and empowerment and also he was the chairman of Rajya Sabha House Committee.

*From 1998 to 2002, Ram Nath Kovind Ji was the President of the BJP Dalit Morcha. Also he was appointed as the President of All India Koli Samaj.

*In 2015, on 8th of August the President of India had appointed him as the Governor of Bihar. Since then he is serving as the GoB until now.

*On 19th June, 2017, after a couple of years of serving as the GoB, he has been elected as the honourable nominee of the National Democratic Alliance Presidential Election by the Prime Minister of India, Shree Narendra Modi.

*According to the PM of India, he is the most deserving candidate who can hold and carry the position of the President of the nation.

*He had represented India in the year 2002 during the month of October in United Nations in New York, USA. He was there to address the United Nations General Assembly.

Social Work:

During his political career, Ram Nath Kovind has been seen doing various social works especially for the people living in backward classes and such.

*After electing as the Rajya Sabha member, he has worked hard for the development of the basic needs for the infrastructure of the schools and educational institutions across the rural areas.

*Also he had provided government assistance to the local rulers to build up schools and institutions in many places across the state Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

*All these construction of schools and educational institutions were a part of Member of Parliament Local Area Development (MPLAD) Scheme.

*He is also associated with two leading educational institution, one is Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh as an honourable member of the board of management. Another one is the Indian Institute of Management, Kolkata as a member of the board of governors.

1. Proper and good education is very important for all of us .it facilites quality learning all through the life amoung people of any age group ,cast,creed relegion and region.it is the process of achieving knowledge ,values,skills,
2. Better communication is yet another role education.education improves and refines the speech of a person .education makes an individual a better uses of language
3. Education certain determines the quality of an individual life .education improves ones knowledge skills and develop peronally .
4. Education helps in creation of a better society

The calorie was first introduced by Nicolas Clément, as a unit of heat energy, in lectures during the years 1819–1824. This was the “large” calorie, viz. modern kilocalorie.^[3][6] The term entered French and English dictionaries between 1841 and 1867. It comes from Latin calor ‘heat’.

The “small” calorie (modern calorie) was introduced by Pierre Antoine Favre (Chemist) and Johann T. Silbermann (Physicist) in 1852. In 1879, Marcellin Berthelot distinguished between gram-calorie (modern calorie) and kilogram-calorie (modern kilocalorie).^[6] Berthelot also introduced the convention of capitalizing the kilogram-calorie, as Calorie.

The use of the kilogram-calorie (kcal) for nutrition was introduced to the American public by Wilbur Olin Atwater, a professor at Wesleyan University, in 1887.^[3]

The modern calorie (cal) was first recognized as a unit of the cm-g-s system (cgs) in 1896,^[6] alongside the already-existing cgs unit of energy, the erg (first suggested by Clausius in 1864, under the name ergon, and officially adopted in 1882).

Already in 1928 there were serious complaints about the possible confusion arising from the two main definitions of the calorie and whether the notion of using the capital letter to distinguish them was sound.^[7] Use of the calorie was officially deprecated by the ninth General Conference on Weights and Measures, in 1948.^[8]

The alternate spelling calory is archai

Restrictions over 5 million people after delta varient linked cases has neighboring new Zealand raises high alert people in Sydney, Australia biggest city have been ordered not to leave the metropolitan area as authorities scramble to contain a number of coronavirus cases of delta varient a development that has prompted neighboring new Zealand and to raise it alert level following possible exposure from a tourist from Australia new south Wales state premiere announced the strict crubs affecting about 5 million people who live and work in the city clearly this is a evolving situation “,Berejiklin said at the news conference the new rule took effect at 4pm Sydney Time and will remain in force for a week given what was occurred the Nsw government will be taking action today to limit the spread of what is a contagious varient of Covid Nsw health minister Brad Hazzard described the situation as a very Real and present situation for a city as a cluster first identified in the beach of suburbs of bondi grew to 21 cases with eight confirmed on Wednesday morning most of the newly confirmed cases were traced to a single event where the mass gathering was held on Tuesday this is new and more dangerous version of the virus Hazzard said during the news conference the new restrictions include a limit of household visitors to five people including children said ,”,Berejiklin mask wearing which already been reinstated on Friday will be extended to people required to wear mask on all indoor setting, outside the home and at organized outdoor events. The measure also includes capacity limits on public transport and in gym classe while singing at indoor venues including places of worship will not be allowed Authorities are also urging people to come for testing . New Zealand on alert: As of Wednesday Australia had recorded more than 30,300 cases and 910 deaths the country has been the world,s most successful in containing the pandemic allowing it to reopen its border to new Zealand but the new cases are testing the travel bubble between the neighbour’s on Wednesday new Zealand raised its pandemic alert level in welling to level two which is one level short of a lockdown, earlier as Australia tourist who visited the capital city over the weekend tested positive for covid when they returned to Sydney “,These are precautionary measures will be remain in the places while we contact trace and test to all those we needed to new Zealand covid response minister Chris Hopkins said under the elevated area alert level, office,school and business are still allowed to open but people are allowed to follow the social distancing gathering more than 100 people are banned in public places like wedding and other parties new Zealand has a population of 5 million people and has recorded deaths of 2720 cases and 26 deaths the country has posted a 98.2 % percent recovery rate in Australia itself queensisland and Victoria Island have closed their borders to people from many parts of Sydney ad a result of new cases the government has given the people to take vaccinations on the time that all people should take their vaccine on time as the spread of new delta virus form of Covid 19 virus as they are 5 million people are saying in Australia Sydney the new strict restrictions are been followed in Australia 80%of people have lost their job due to covid many business and marketing have been shut down for manufacturing and marketing of new education policy that class to children between students and teachers but now everything is changed due to covid many times the children are facing a huge loss.

Development of astronomy in India has come a long way since the Vedic times and now ISRO heads our space exploration and research in astronomy.

When comes Indian astronomy, an image that automatically comes to our mind is that of the Jantar Mantar. It was built by Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur in the 18th century .The collections of huge instruments for astronomical observations were fundamentally based on ancient India’s astronomy texts. Five Jantar Mantars were built to revise the calendars and make a more accurate collection of tables that could predict the motions of the major stars and planets. This data was to be used for more accurate time measurement, improved predictions of eclipses and better tracking of positions of stars and planets with relation to earth. They are so large in scale that it is supposed to have been aimed at increasing their accuracy. In the Jantar Mantar, one can find the world’s largest sundial and literally see the sun’s shadow move every second. Records also show that telescopes were built and used in certain observations. This kind of accuracy helped produce in those ages some remarkably accurate results, which even contemporary Europeans could not beat.

One important lesson to learn from the Jantar Mantars is that the Raja built five of them. He could have built just one and been happy with the results. He built five so that the results given by one observatory could be verified against those of another. This possibility of verification obviously reduced the chance of human error involved when taking readings on an instrument. Also, the five observatories were in five different cities. Thus, one could check the position readings of heavenly bodies from different parts of earth and again verify the overall results. This shows a strong display of the scientific enquiry method in the minds of our past astronomers.

The ideas behind Jantar Mantar came from ancient Indian texts written by Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Bhaskaracharya and others. The most important texts of ancient Indian astronomy had been implied between the 5th and 15th century -the classical era of Indian astronomy. The more familiar ones among these works are Aryabhatiya, Aryabhatasiddhanta, Pancha-siddhantika and Laghubhaskariyam. Ancient Indian astronomers were notable in several respects. Their achievements are even more baffling considering they never used any kind of telescopes. They put forth the sun-centric theory for the solar system, elliptical orbits for planets instead of circular ones, reasonably accurate calculations for the length of a year and the earth’s dimensions, and the idea that our sun was no different from the countless other stars in the night sky.

Somewhere during the Middle Ages, progress in the field of astronomy stood still and an admixture of astronomy and astrology arose. With colonization, the European school of astronomy displaced our own. The last remarkable astronomer in pre-Independence India was Samanta Chandrasekhars. His book Sidhant Darpana and his use of simple instruments in getting accurate observations earned him praise even from the British.

In our present era, the Indian space programme stands on the contributions made by two giants in the field of physics-Homi J Bhabha and Vikram Sarabhai. It was their tireless efforts, which initiated work in space research under the Department of Atomic Energy.

Over this period of time, India also produced some remarkable astronomers and astrophysicists Meghnad Saba and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar are two world renowned names in astrophysics.

On the side of the observational astronomy, we had Dr M.K. Vainu Bappu-till date the only Indian to have a comet named after him/her. Currently, the Giant Meter-wave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at Khodad near Pune is the largest of its kind in the world. The Kavalur observatory, named after Dr Bappu, is one of the best equipped in the eastern hemisphere.

Jantar Mantar-Ancient Astronomical Observatories of India and Some Instruments

Historically, Indian astronomy developed as a discipline of Vedanga or one of ‘auxiliary disciplines associated with the study of the Vedas. The oldest known text is the Vedanga Jyotisha, dated between 1400-1200 BC.

Indian astronomy was in its peak in the fifth-sixth centuries with Aryabhata and his Aryabhatiya representing the pinnacle of astronomical knowledge. Later, Indian astronomy influenced Muslim astronomy. Chinese astronomy, European astronomy and others significantly. Other astronom of the classical era, who further elaborated on Aryabhata’s work, include Brahmagupta, Varahamihira and Lalla.

An identifiable astronomical tradition remained active throughout the medieval period and into the eighteenth century, especially within the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics founded by Sangamagrama Madhava (1350-1425 AD) of Irinjalakkuda in Kerala.

The classical era of Indian astronomy begins in the late Gupta era, in the fifth-sixth centuries.

The Panchasiddhantika (Varahamihira, 505 CE) approximates the method for determination of the meridian direction from any three positions of the shadow using Gnomon or Sanku.

Once, while visiting the court of Emperor Muhammad Shah, Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur overheard a loud argument about how to calculate the most astronomically advantageous date for the purpose of the emperor beginning a journey. To the Maharaja, the debate highlighted the need for education in the field of astronomy and for an observatory that could make accunte astronomical calculations. The idea for the Jantar Mantars or calculation instruments was bom The Jantar Mantar consists of a number of structures in stone, brick and marble, cach of them marked with astronomical scales and designed to serve a specific purpose of the observatories originally built at Delhi, Jaipur, Mathura, Ujjain and Varanasi; all observatories dill exist except the one in Mathura.

Among the devices used for astronomy was Gnomon, known as Sanku, in which the shadow of a vertical rod is applied on a horizontal plane in order to ascertain the cardinal directions, the Latitude of the point of observation and the time of observation. This device finds mention in the works of Varahamihira, Aryabhatta, Bhaskara, Brahmagupta, among others.

The armillary sphere was used for observation in India since early times, and finds mention in the works of Aryabhatta (476 CE). The Goladipika a detailed treatise dealing with globes and the armillary sphere was composed between 1380-1460 CE by Parameswara. Probably, the celestial coordinates of the junction stars of the lunar mansions were determined by the armillary sphere since the seventh century. There was also a celestial globe rotated by flowing water.

The seamless celestial globe invented in Mughal India, especially in Lahore and Kashmir, is considered to be one of the most impressive astronomical instruments and remarkable feats in metallurgy and engineering. All globes, before and after this, were seamed, and in the twentieth century, creating a seamless metal globe was believed by metallurgists to be technically impossible, even with modern technology.

With educational institutes closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government has been encouraging online education to achieve academic continuity. Most high-end private and public institutions have made the switch smoothly using online platforms such as Zoom, Google classrooms, Microsoft teams, etc., while many still find it a herculean task. The challenges of online education are multifaceted. It is time that we Indians, as a society, understand the realms of online education – in India, for India.

The Good

Online education allows for learning something beyond the norm. A learner has access to unlimited topics and global experts in niche subjects – something otherwise not affordable or imaginable for many. Online programs allow people of a wide age group to learn at their own pace, without inhibitions, and without compromising on their other responsibilities. With the emergence and spread of COVID-19 in India, online education has trickled down to the most basic level — schools and colleges! When asked about their experience with online teaching, a student from a college in Bengaluru said, ​“The online option is a need in this pandemic situation. It has brought education to us without us going anywhere, and it is more flexible”. Probably, students are finding it a welcome change from strict schedules and long-distance commutes to attend classes. For some others, who find learning in large classes intimidating, this may be a less stressful option. Many teachers are making the best of this situation by exploring new methods of teaching and assessment.This is encouraging. But the moment online education moves from an optional to the only form of learning, and that too long term, the bad and the ugly slowly become evident. India is beginning to get a taste of this now.

The bad

Using the internet for entertainment is common, but for online lessons is a big challenge. Teachers may not be well-versed with creating digital content, and conveying it effectively online. A sudden expectation from them to upgrade, and from students to adapt, is unfair.Body language and eye contact, which are important cues for the teacher, are difficult to perceive in an online class. ​“I do not receive continual feedback in the form of students’ reactions during online sessions, which reduces the effectiveness of teaching”, says a college teacher in suburban Mumbai. How many students have paid attention in a class? Of those, how many understood the lesson? Is the teaching pace alright? Are some students getting left behind? These questions arise even in traditional classrooms, but they are harder to address in online classes. A parent of an 8‑year-old attending a private school in Gurgaon says, ​“There shouldn’t be online classes for such young kids. Their concentration span is small and they do not pay attention after a while.” The 8‑year-old added, ​“I hate them (online classes)!”Even college students seem to value the in-class physical learning experience much more than a virtual one. Many acknowledge that phones can be very distracting. In addition, science and technology programs often include hands-on laboratory sessions, dissertation projects and field trips to complement theoretical studies. This aspect of learning is severely limited in online education.Finally, education is not just about subject knowledge but also about developing social skills and sportsmanship among the students, which is built over years. Relying solely on online education may hinder the holistic development of children, and many may underperform later in their professional and personal lives.

The Ugly

While India enjoys a wide geographic and cultural diversity, it also suffers from a huge socio-economic divide. Only a small part of the Indian population has access to online education right now. Interrupted power supply, weak or non-existent internet connectivity, and unaffordability to buy necessary devices are major concerns. ​“In a Class of 40 students, after two months of online classes, around 20 students regularly attend class with whatever device and connection they have. Around 5 – 8 students are completely absent till date and rest are fluctuating”, says a school teacher in Ratnagiri in Maharashtra. A teacher in a government-aided school from the small town of Chamba in Himachal Pradesh says, ​“It is a frustrating experience to engage students of lower classes in online mode. There are network issues on both teachers’ and students’ ends”. To deal with internet connectivity and device availability issues, ​‘classes’ in many places are happening via sharing of videos by teachers over WhatsApp or YouTube, so that students can watch them at their convenience. This too, however, comes with difficulties in understanding the lessons and promotes rote learning. The same is true of pre-recorded sessions aired on the television (e.g., Swayam Prabha DTH channels) and radio (audio lessons, through All India Radio), although they do cater to a wider student population that cannot avail live online classes.

1) Equestrian

This ‘sport’ involves running, steeple chasing, and vaulting while riding a horse. While most people would love nothing more than to bond with a powerful animal like a horse, this sport is reserved only for the privileged few.

Training and maintaining such a large animal can cost a pretty penny (or paisa). Take into account travelling to events and stabling the animal properly, and you’ll be spending roughly $200,000 (more than 1 crore) every year!

And this doesn’t include the cost of buying a racehorse.

2) Formula 1

To be a Formula One racer, you need to have your own car. And considering that a single wheel of a Formula One car costs more than a regular civilian car, you’ll need a ton of money to be able to get into this sport.

Besides, injuries in Formula One races are no small matter, and a crash can amount to far more than a sprained ankle. But let’s forget about the possible medical costs for a second; to simply enter a Formula 1 race costs roughly $190,000 dollars! And considering that most racers begin practicing on go karts from a very young age, it is evident that this sport requires a minimum investment of a million dollars.

3) Sailing

The best part about sailing is that once you’ve got your own boat, the actual race requires very little investment. The worst part? A boat can cost anywhere between $50 million to $100 million. So you can only enjoy this sport if you’ve amassed enough wealth to actually buy a boat.

Another issue with this sport is that it’s seasonal in most countries, and the boat stays docked for the rest of the year. This is where the real money comes in as the cost of maintaining a boat on deck can be astronomical.

4) Wingsuiting

Wingsuiting is a sport where you fly through the air with the help of a special jumpsuit called a wingsuit. A wingsuit costs roughly $2,500, and while this isn’t cheap, it is by no means an expensive investment compared to the other sports on this list.

But the real cost of wingsuit diving involves hiring an airplane to take you up and paying the pilot for their services. You’ll also have to invest in skydiving lessons and pay for insurance before you can start diving.

Recreational wingsuit diving can cost upto $30,000 (Rs. 18 lakhs), and professional wingsuit diving costs much more.