Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include teaching, training, storytelling, discussion and directed research
Hey yah!!!!! People how are you all …I hope all are doing great.
So people today I am here with an amazing lesson of life about how to build trust and lead life
Once upon a time, A successful business man presented his son with a set of three small dolls as he above to handle the reins of his successful company to the young man. Confused, the son asked his father, “Am I a girl that you are giving me this dolls to play with?” Calmly, the father replied, “This is the gift for a future business genius. Have a look at the dolls son, said the father. You’ll see a hole in each ear of each of the three dolls. Then the business man gave a string and asked him to pass it through the ear holes of each of the dolls .
Intrigued the young man picked up the first doll and put the string into the ear, it came out from the other ear. “This is one type of person,” said the father.
TYPE 1: Whatever is heard through ones ear comes out of the other. He cannot retain any thing.
When the man put the string into the ear hole of the second doll, it came out from the mouth. “And this is the second type of person,” said the businessman.
TYPE 2: Whatever is heard through the ears comes out of the mouth.
As the son picked up the third doll and repeated the process, the string just didn’t come out, “This is the third type of person,” said the father.
TYPE 3: Whatever is heard through the ears is locked up and never comes out. Amused the son asked his father, “Which one of the three is the best, dad?” As an answer to that question, the businessman handed him the fourth doll, When the young man put string into the ear hole of the doll, it came out from the other ear, Do it again, said the father.
This time, the string came out of the mouth. When he put the string in the third time, it did not come out at all. “This is the person you must look for as your confident,” said the business man.
“To be trust worthy a man should know when not to listen, letting the information pass from one ear and out of the other.”
“He should always know when to speak up and when to remain silent and should also never share what’s gone in.”
Ladies and gentlemen, whether in our personal or professional dealings, if we can practice these three principles and also find those who do, “the level of trust goes up and interpersonal dealings, can be enhanced.”
A sheer lipstick is a good choice if your lips are dry for some reason .sheer can moisturize your lips but also provide a lot of gloss and shine.
Satin lipstick
Satin lipstick is great for moisture and a high gloss look.One of the essential things to remember about satin lipstick is that it has a high oil content.
cream lipstick
The cream lipstick is a bit different than the first two options on our list.The cream is a much more subtle, low gloss look.Cream lipstick is not shiny, but it will look very nice and smooth as a covering on the lips.
Gloss lipstick
Gloss lipstick is going to stand out a bit more than a cream lipstick.When you add shine to your lips, you will make them look bigger than they are.For women who have very small lips, gloss lipstick can be a great fit.Some people will use cream lipstick and then put a gloss lipstick on top.
lipsticks stain
A lipstick stain can sound a bit scary to be putting on your face, but they are not.Another name for these could be lipstick paint.The lipstick stains are all about color, but they are not about shine or gloss.
pearl lipstick
pearl lipstick is designed to reflect light.Where the lipstick stain focuses on color, the pearl lipstick will be more about shine and light.Many of the pearl lipsticks will also sparkle.
Matte finish lipstick
Sometimes when you are looking for a modern look, you will want a matte finish lipstick.The matte is exactly like the name sounds, not shiny or glossy at all.You will have a very flat look with a matte lipstick, but they come in a variety of colors.Matte lipsticks give a very bold look even though they don’t shine.
Today I gonna share a lovely story, which I read recently. And I do want you all to read this, for sure you gonna love this. This story is about 87yrs old lady.
The first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t already know.
I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady beaming up at me with a smile that lit up her entire being.
She said, “Hi handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug?”
I laughed and enthusiastically responded, “Of course you may!” and she gave me a giant squeeze.
“Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age?” I asked.
She jokingly replied, “I’m here to meet a rich husband, get married, and have a couple of kids…”
“No seriously,” I asked. I was curious what may have motivated her to be taking on this challenge at her age.
“I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!” she told me.
After class we walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate milkshake. We became instant friends. Every day for the next three months, we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always mesmerized listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.
Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she reveled in the attention bestowed upon her from the other students. She was living it up.
At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet. I’ll never forget what she taught us. She was introduced and stepped up to the podium.
As she began to deliver her prepared speech, she dropped her three by five cards on the floor. Frustrated and a little embarrassed she leaned into the microphone and simply said, “I’m sorry I’m so jittery. I gave up beer for Lent and this whiskey is killing me! I’ll never get my speech back in order so let me just tell you what I know.”
As we laughed she cleared her throat and began, “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor every day.
You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. We have so many people walking around who are dead and don’t even know it! There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up.
If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one productive thing, you will turn twenty years old.
If I am eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year and never do anything I will turn eighty-eight.
Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunity in change. Have no regrets.
The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.”
She concluded her speech by courageously singing “The Rose.”
She challenged each of us to study the lyrics and live them out in our daily lives.
At the year’s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.
Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in tribute to the wonderful woman who taught by example that it’s never too late to be all you can possibly be .When you finish reading this, please send this peaceful word of advice to your friends and family, they’ll really enjoy it!
These words have been passed along in loving memory of ROSE.
REMEMBER, GROWING OLDER IS MANDATORY. GROWING UP IS OPTIONAL.
We make a Living by what we get, We make a Life by what we give..
When I read this story, I came to my sense and questioned myself. Am I really growing up? Or Just growing older? And I found my answer.
Now,it’s your turn to find out..
Best of luck!!!
And do share this to your lovely friends and family and help them to grow up.
I am going to share my pets experience. It gives me immense happiness while with them.It’s a feeling can’t be expressed through words. Words won’t be enough to describe my feelings towards my dogs .It’s unique relationship between dog and dogs luvers. Only dog’s luvers can feel it. The dog luvers have their own world. I see it as a soul. I had lots conversation with my dogs . It never let me down in any situation . Dogs luvers have a unique conversation and relationship with dogs. I feel extreme level of happiness . A blissful day . Traveling with my dogs is one kind of delight . Travelling with loved one is a bliss . Travelling alone with my dogs is euphoria. It was with me even at the sad time . I shared a lot . I want to travel a lot with my dogs. A best partner ever I had . My secret keeper, crime partner and my closest soul forever
Unexpected as it was, the US decision to completely pull out its troops from Afghanistan may not have been as surprising as the speed at which the Afghan armed forces that it created and trained have capitulated to the Taliban in one major city after another. More numerous and better equipped than the Taliban on paper, the Afghan national army is seen as suffering from grave systemic issues that have hollowed out its fighting capabilities.
WHAT IS THE STRENGTH OF THE AFGHAN ARMY, AND THE TALIBAN?
The latest Quarterly Report of the US Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) dated July 30 says that there are more than 300,000 personnel who make up the Afghan National Security and Defence Forces (ANDSF), which includes the entire gamut of all armed and law and order staff on the Kabul government’s payroll.
However, the US Combating Terrorism Centre at West Point, a military training academy, said in January this year that a 2014 study had found that while combat forces made up around 60 per cent of the Afghan forces, “the number of soldiers showing up for duty each day is even lower”. It said that the Afghan army can count on an “estimated on-hand army fighting force of about 96,000 soldiers” and, including police forces, “the ANDSF are likely fielding a fighting force in the vicinity of 180,000 combat personnel each day”.
But SIGAR highlighted another problem: “ghost soldiers”. Pointing to the “corrosive effects of corruption within the ANDSF”, it cited the “existence of ghost soldiers and police”, which are nothing but “fake personnel records that corrupt actors used to pocket salaries”. Though it said that biometric systems have been introduced to weed out the non-existent soldiers, what it means is that there may be a big mismatch between the muster roll of soldiers and actual boots on the ground.
The Taliban, on the other hand, may have an estimated “60,000 core fighters, give or take 10-20 per cent”, the West Point report said, adding that a 2017 study had, however, “concluded that the group’s total manpower exceeds 200,000 individuals, which includes… another 90,000 members of local militias, and tens of thousands of facilitators and support elements”.
The Taliban are seen as being a “less technically sophisticated fighting force than the Afghan government — lacking an air force, heavy artillery, a fleet of armoured vehicles”. But its strength may lie in the fact that it is a leaner force than the ANDSF, which has relied majorly on foreign funding for military infrastructure and hardware.
Increasingly, bits of US military equipment are falling into Taliban hands. The SIGAR report says that where Afghan soldiers have fled Taliban attacks, they have often abandoned “their US-supplied equipment, which the Taliban then displayed on social media as propaganda to tout its victories”, including, recently, a US army a knocked out US army helicopter.
HOW DID TALIBAN SEIZE THE MOMENTUM?
Along with the “questionable accuracy of data on the actual strength of the force”, the SIGAR report also expresses concern over the lack of any means to gauge “the influence on combat readiness of intangible factors such as the will to fight”. Morale has been one key element where the Taliban is seen as being able to score decisively over the Afghan forces, especially as they go from strength to strength in overrunning the country.
While Afghan forces were seen as offering resistance in some districts, the SIGAR report said that “in others they surrendered or fled in disorder”, noting how in some cases, “local elders reportedly mediated truces that allowed the ANDSF defenders to leave”. The West Point report points to the Taliban’s “ability to recruit and deploy new fighters in recent years” which also underlines its “ability to withstand significant casualties — estimated to be in the range of thousands per year”.
For all the talk of theirs being a better funded and equipped fighting force, reports suggest that the Afghan forces actually may be suffering from a lack of cohesion and organisational support. A New York Times report said that Afghan forces have complained of an absence of logistical backing and even of food as they face an increasingly crippling onslaught from the Taliban.
Now days online shopping is very useful to us . Easy to buy a product at low cost . online shopping is purpose of online shopping is to save time, save money. Through online shopping one can save his valuable time. One can watch and select things he wants to buy. Through online shopping we can save our money because prices are less than market prices and we receive our bought things at our home. There are many online shopping websites like Amazon, Flipkart, meesho, Myntra, etc. An online shopping aims at making shopping comfortable and enjoyable process.
An exception occurs when the PL/SQL engine encounters an instruction which it cannot execute due to an error that occurs at run-time. These errors will not be captured at the time of compilation and hence these needed to handle only at the run-time.
For example, if PL/SQL engine receives an instruction to divide any number by ‘0’, then the PL/SQL engine will throw it as an exception. The exception is only raised at the run-time by the PL/SQL engine.
Exceptions will stop the program from executing further, so to avoid such condition, they need to be captured and handled separately. This process is called as Exception-Handling, in which the programmer handles the exception that can occur at the run time.
In this tutorial, you will learn the following topics-
Exceptions are handled at the block, level, i.e., once if any exception occurs in any block then the control will come out of execution part of that block. The exception will then be handled at the exception handling part of that block. After handling the exception, it is not possible to resend control back to the execution section of that block.
The below syntax explains how to catch and handle the exception.
BEGIN
<execution block>
.
.
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exceptionl_name>
THEN
<Exception handling code for the “exception 1 _name’' >
WHEN OTHERS
THEN
<Default exception handling code for all exceptions >
END;
Syntax Explanation:
In the above syntax, the exception-handling block contains series of WHEN condition to handle the exception.
Each WHEN condition is followed by the exception name which is expected to be raised at the run time.
When any exception is raised at runtime, then the PL/SQL engine will look in the exception handling part for that particular exception. It will start from the first ‘WHEN’ clause and, sequentially it will search.
If it found the exception handling for the exception which has been raised, then it will execute that particular handling code part.
If none of the ‘WHEN’ clause is present for the exception which has been raised, then PL/SQL engine will execute the ‘WHEN OTHERS’ part (if present). This is common for all the exception.
After executing the exception, part control will go out of the current block.
Only one exception part can be executed for a block at run-time. After executing it, the controller will skip the remaining exception handling part and will go out of the current block.
Note: WHEN OTHERS should always be at the last position of the sequence. The exception handling part present after WHEN OTHERS will never get executed as the control will exit from the block after executing the WHEN OTHERS.
Types of Exception
There are two types of Exceptions in Pl/SQL.
Predefined Exceptions
User-defined Exception
Predefined Exceptions
Oracle has predefined some common exception. These exceptions have a unique exception name and error number. These exceptions are already defined in the ‘STANDARD’ package in Oracle. In code, we can directly use these predefined exception name to handle them.
Below are the few predefined exceptions
Exception
Error Code
Exception Reason
ACCESS_INTO_NULL
ORA-06530
Assign a value to the attributes of uninitialized objects
CASE_NOT_FOUND
ORA-06592
None of the ‘WHEN’ clause in CASE statement satisfied and no ‘ELSE’ clause is specified
COLLECTION_IS_NULL
ORA-06531
Using collection methods (except EXISTS) or accessing collection attributes on a uninitialized collections
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
ORA-06511
Trying to open a cursor which is already opened
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
ORA-00001
Storing a duplicate value in a database column that is a constrained by unique index
INVALID_CURSOR
ORA-01001
Illegal cursor operations like closing an unopened cursor
INVALID_NUMBER
ORA-01722
Conversion of character to a number failed due to invalid number character
NO_DATA_FOUND
ORA-01403
When ‘SELECT’ statement that contains INTO clause fetches no rows.
ROW_MISMATCH
ORA-06504
When cursor variable data type is incompatible with the actual cursor return type
SUBSCRIPT_BEYOND_COUNT
ORA-06533
Referring collection by an index number that is larger than the collection size
SUBSCRIPT_OUTSIDE_LIMIT
ORA-06532
Referring collection by an index number that is outside the legal range (eg: -1)
TOO_MANY_ROWS
ORA-01422
When a ‘SELECT’ statement with INTO clause returns more than one row
VALUE_ERROR
ORA-06502
Arithmetic or size constraint error (eg: assigning a value to a variable that is larger than the variable size)
ZERO_DIVIDE
ORA-01476
Dividing a number by ‘0’
User-defined Exception
In Oracle, other than the above-predefined exceptions, the programmer can create their own exception and handle them. They can be created at a subprogram level in the declaration part. These exceptions are visible only in that subprogram. The exception that is defined in the package specification is public exception, and it is visible wherever the package is accessible. <
Syntax: At subprogram level
DECLARE
<exception_name> EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
<Execution block>
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exception_name> THEN
<Handler>
END;
In the above syntax, the variable ‘exception_name’ is defined as ‘EXCEPTION’ type.
This can be used as in a similar way as a predefined exception.
Syntax:At Package Specification level
CREATE PACKAGE <package_name>
IS
<exception_name> EXCEPTION;
.
.
END <package_name>;
In the above syntax, the variable ‘exception_name’ is defined as ‘EXCEPTION’ type in the package specification of <package_name>.
This can be used in the database wherever package ‘package_name’ can be called.
PL/SQL Raise Exception
All the predefined exceptions are raised implicitly whenever the error occurs. But the user-defined exceptions needs to be raised explicitly. This can be achieved using the keyword ‘RAISE’. This can be used in any of the ways mentioned below.
If ‘RAISE’ is used separately in the program, then it will propagate the already raised exception to the parent block. Only in exception block can be used as shown below.
CREATE [ PROCEDURE | FUNCTION ]
AS
BEGIN
<Execution block>
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exception_name> THEN
<Handler>
RAISE;
END;
Syntax Explanation:
In the above syntax, the keyword RAISE is used in the exception handling block.
Whenever program encounters exception “exception_name”, the exception is handled and will be completed normally
But the keyword ‘RAISE’ in the exception handling part will propagate this particular exception to the parent program.
Note: While raising the exception to the parent block the exception that is getting raised should also be visible at parent block, else oracle will throw an error.
We can use keyword ‘RAISE’ followed by the exception name to raise that particular user-defined/predefined exception. This can be used in both execution part and in exception handling part to raise the exception.
CREATE [ PROCEDURE | FUNCTION ]
AS
BEGIN
<Execution block>
RAISE <exception_name>
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exception_name> THEN
<Handler>
END;
Syntax Explanation:
In the above syntax, the keyword RAISE is used in the execution part followed by exception “exception_name”.
This will raise this particular exception at the time of execution, and this needs to be handled or raised further.
Example 1: In this example, we are going to see
How to declare the exception
How to raise the declared exception and
How to propagate it to the main block
DECLARE
Sample_exception EXCEPTION;
PROCEDURE nested_block
IS
BEGIN
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Inside nested block’);
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Raising sample_exception from nested block’);
RAISE sample_exception;
EXCEPTION
WHEN sample_exception THEN
Dbms_output.put_line (‘Exception captured in nested block. Raising to main block’);
RAISE,
END;
BEGIN
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Inside main block’);
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Calling nested block’);
Nested_block;
EXCEPTION
WHEN sample_exception THEN
Dbms_output.put_line (‘Exception captured in main block');
END:
/
Besides being a software engineer, Marianne Bellotti is also a kind of technological anthropologist. Back in 2016 at the Systems We Love conference, Bellotti began her talk by saying she appreciated the systems most engineers hate —”messy, archaic, duct-tape-and-chewing-gum.” Then she added, “Fortunately, I work for the federal government.”
At the time, Bellotti was working for the U.S. Digital Service, where talented technology workers are matched to federal systems in need of some consultation. (While there, she’d encountered a web application drawing its JSON-formatted data from a half-century-old IBM 7074 mainframe.)
The rich experiences led her to write a book with the irresistible title “Kill It with Fire: Manage Aging Computer Systems (and Future Proof Modern Ones).” Its official web page at Random House promises it offers “a far more forgiving modernization framework” with “illuminating case studies and jaw-dropping anecdotes from her work in the field,” including “Critical considerations every organization should weigh before moving data to the cloud.”
Bellotti is now working on products for defense and national security agencies as the principal engineer for system safety at Rebellion Defense (handling identity and access control).
But her latest project is a podcast chronicling what she’s learned while trying to write her own programming language.
“Marianne Writes a Programming Language” captures a kind of expedition of the mind, showing how the hunger to know can keep leading a software engineer down ever-more-fascinating rabbit holes. But it’s also an inspiring example of the do-it-yourself spirit, and a fresh new perspective on the parsers, lexers and evaluators that make our code run.
In short, it’s a deeply informative deconstruction of where a programmer’s tools really come from.
Going Deep
In one blog post, Bellotti invited listeners to “start this strange journey with me through parsers, grammars, data structures and the like.”
And it is a journey, filled with hope and ambition — and a lot of unexpected twists and turns. “Along the way, I’ll interview researchers and engineers who are active in this space and go deep on areas of programming not typically discussed,” the podcast host promised. “All in all, I’m hoping to start a conversation around program language design that’s less intimidating and more accessible to beginners.”
But the “Marianne Writes a Programming Language” podcast also comes with a healthy dose of self-deprecation. “Let’s get one question out of the way,” her first episode began. “Does the world really need another programming language? Probably not, no.” But she described it as a passion project, driven by good old-fashioned curiosity. “I have always wanted to write a programming language. I figured I would learn so much from the challenge.”
“In an industry filled with opinions, where people will fight to the death over tabs -vs.- spaces, there isn’t much guidance for would-be program language designers.”
—Marianne Bellotti, software engineer and podcast host
Fifteen years into a sparkling technology career, “I feel like there are all these weird holes in my knowledge,” Bellotti told her audience. And even with the things she does know — like bytecode and logic gates — “I don’t have a clear sense of how all those things work together.”
In the podcast’s third episode, Bellotti pointed out that, “for me at least, the hardest part of learning something is figuring out how to learn it in the first place.” She discovered a surprising lack of best-practices documents, she wrote in an essay in Medium. “In an industry filled with opinions, where people will fight to the death over tabs -vs.- spaces, there isn’t much guidance for would-be program language designers.”
Still, her podcast’s first episode showed the arrival of those first glimmers of insight. “Even knowing very little upfront, I had a sense that in order for a programming language to work, there had to be some sense of cohesion in its design.”
Where to Begin?
Her Medium post cited a 2012 article titled “Programming Paradigms for Dummies: What Every Programmer Should Know,” which offers a taxonomy of language types based on how exactly they’re providing their abstractions. That article apparently got her thinking about how exactly a programming language helps communicate the connections that exist between its various data structures — which led to more insights. (In a later podcast, Bellotti even says “technology suggests to its user how it should be used.”)
“Eventually I came to my own conclusions,” she wrote in her Medium article. To be successful at creating her own language, she realized that she needed to think of programming paradigms like object-oriented or functional programming “as logical groupings of abstractions and be as intentional about what is included and what isn’t.”
Bellotti is also trying to design a language that will work for her specific needs: to know how likely certain types of problems are in a given system, to achieve model resilience. But on her first podcast episode, Bellotti acknowledged that she still had to begin by typing, “How do you design a programming language” into Google —and was surprised by how little came up. (Although she did discover “there’s a whole world of obscure experimental languages that appear in research papers, rack up a host of citations, and never touch an actual computer other than their inventor’s.”)
“I feel like I’ve been struggling to hang pictures around my home and one day someone knocks on my door and introduces me to the hammer,”
—Marianne Bellotti, software engineer and podcast host
That book’s author, Thorsten Ball, became her podcast’s first guest, explaining that his language was not so much designed as experimented into existence. (Later, other people suggested something similar — that Bellotti “pick something you like in another language and copy the implementation to start, because figuring out all the edge cases from scratch is really hard.”)
In that first podcast episode, Bellotti explained her concern that “tiny little design decisions I don’t even realize I’m making could have dramatic impacts… it does seem to be the case that programmers create languages without being able to fully anticipate exactly how they will be used or how technology will change around them.”
Things Get Complicated
There are moments where it all sounds so simple. (“What you’re doing when you write a programming language is actually writing a series of applications that take string input and translate it into something the machine can execute.”)
But things get complicated pretty quickly, and by episode three Bellotti started to see a pattern: “Confronting what feels like a tidal wave of information is becoming an all too familiar feeling on this project.” Yet, while considering a need for her language’s source code-interpreting parser, she realized that parsers can be auto-generated — as long as she can supply that tool with the necessary grammar rules.
“I feel like I’ve been struggling to hang pictures around my home and one day someone knocks on my door and introduces me to the hammer,” she told her podcast audience.
She ends up talking to a linguist who studied under Noam Chomsky, who refers her to another linguistics professor, who begins by discussing whether language can be learned through the brute-force assimilation of machine learning, and ends up explaining why Chomsky’s “context-free grammar” ultimately became the basis for programming languages and compilers.
But there are resources to discover. Along the way, Bellotti found a Reddit forum about programming language design. (“This subreddit is full of great stories and people will give detailed explanations and encouragement, which is rare on the internet these days.”) She’s also found a forum for people building Domain Specific Languages.
By December, she’d received a comment from a grateful listener who was also writing their own programming language, and was glad to find a relevant podcast. And Bellotti acknowledged in a response that her whole journey “has been so much fun so far.”
Progress is clearly being made. By episode 12, Bellotti considered how hard it would be to add modules to her language. (“From my vantage point, being able to split a system specification into smaller parts means you get to reuse those parts and build progressively more complex systems that are in easily digestible chunks.”) And there’s also already an empty repository on GitHub that’s waiting expectantly for the code to arrive.
Then, in mid-April Bellotti announced that episode 12 would be the last one “for a while. I’ve made some design decisions that I feel really good about, but it’s clear that the only way to validate them is to write code and try things out.”
She’s also spending some time researching how to optimize her compiler, “But really, I just need to just be heads-down, hands-on-a-keyboard for a while on this.”
And so, the podcast has entered a productive hiatus, leaving listeners with this tantalizing promise.
“I’ll be back in a couple of months to let you know how that went.”
In a patriarchal society like India, women have always been under the umbrella of the community. It’s barely seen in the families who support a girl’s dream and accept her to be a dancer.
The movie begins with the introduction of a foreign couple who came to India in the search of a surrogate. After long hours of work, they were finally able to find a girl with the help of the driver (a role played by Pankaj Tripathi) in a hotel. Mimi(the girl) was a dancer and getting influenced by its flexibility they decided to offer her 20 lakhs to be the surrogate. Being an ambitious 25-year old woman agrees to take the risk for the same of becoming a famous Bollywood actress. She decides to live at her friend’s house by convincing the parents saying, she is going to a film shoot. With the required procedure, Mimi becomes the surrogate, and for the first four months, she was having a good time with the pregnancy. However, after eight months tests revealed that the baby is suffering from some mental disorder. This news outraged the couple and they decided not to accept the baby after birth and told Mimi to abort. This became the turning point in her life. She sacrificed all her dreams by deciding to give birth to the child and raise him. Later, the couple returned to her after 2 years when they came to know that the baby was born healthy. Mimi refused to give the child back and in the end, they decided to adopt a girl.
Message
A girl is also born with a dream and her character is not decided with what she pursues but what she is.
The support of family is crucial in the darkest times. Mimi faced all the criticisms from society but her parents never let her alone and accepted her as she was.
Killing is not an option. It’s not the fault of a child to be born unhealthy.
One loyal friend is more important than a group of unloyal ones. The driver and the friend were with Mimi till the end, helping her go through all the difficulties with a smile.
Every coin has two sides. Even though the movie won the hearts of the audience, it faced several criticisms like not following the laws related to a sensitive topic of surrogacy, using the term casually, and disrespect towards the decision of abortions.
It played with the emotions well, yet failed to manipulate the thoughts.
A person who sets up a business or businesses,organises,manages and takes for granted on financial risks in the hope of profit is known as ‘entrepreneur’.
An entrepreneur is a rare person who can visualise and materialise water in the desert. His foresightedness, vision,motivation, persistent efforts the ability to presume the risks involved and their outcomes, and the thrust to achieve the desired goal, facilitate him to convert his ideas into reality. The water in the desert here refers to a scarce commodity, hence an entrepreneur visualises this need or the need arising in near future and grabs this opportunity or challenge, before others can think about it.
Definition
According to Richard Cantillon, “An entrepreneur is a person who buys factors services at certain prices with a view to selling its product at uncertain price”.
Characteristics of Entrepreneurs:
Determination to succeed
Independence
Risk-taking
Ability to control
Perseverance
Flexibility
Analytical ability of mind
Confronting uncertainty
Stress takers
Innovative and creative
Ability to mobilise resources
Leadership.
Functions of Entrepreneurs
Idea generation
Fund raising
Procurement of machinery
Determination of ownership
Determination of objectives
Procurement of raw materials
Market research
Recruitment of manpower.
In other words, an enterpreneur is one who discovers innovative ideas, advances them into products and services, and follows it’s feat persistently with untiring spirit. In this way, they taste the success and show the real meaning of the word ‘entrepreneur’. These entrepreneur having the initiating and action-taking ability, are responsible for the existence of different successful ventures. There is a misconception about entrepreneurs that they are opportunity-seekers and selfish people, but in reality they are highly driven people trying to find solutions to the “needs of the people”
The subject matter of economics has been divided into two parts Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. These terms were first coined and used by Ragnar Frisch and have now been adopted by the economists all over the world. Nowadays one can hardly come across a text book on modern economic analysis which does not divide its analysis into two parts, one dealing with microeconomics and the other with macroeconomics.
The term microeconomics is derived from the Greek word mikros meaning “small” and the term macroeconomics is derived from the Greek word makros meaning “largo.” Thus, microeconomies deals with the analysis of small individual units of the economy such as individual firms and small aggregates or groups of individual units such as various industries and markets.
On the other hand, macroeconomics concerns itself with the analysis of the economy as a whole and its large aggregates such as total national output and income, total employment, total consumption, aggregate investment. Thus, according to K E Boulding, “Microeconomics is the study of particular fums, particular households, individual prices, wages, Incomes, individual industries, particular commodities.”
About macroeconomics he remarles, “Macroeconomics deals not with individual quantities as such but with aggregates of these quantities, not with individual incomes but with the national Income; not with individual prices but with the price level; not with individual outputs but with the national output “.
MICROECONOMICS
As stated above, microeconomics studies the economic actions and behaviour of individual units and small groups of individual units. In microeconomic theory we discuss how the various cells of economic organism, that is, the various units of the economy such as thousands of consumers, thousands of producers or firms, thousands of workers and resource suppliers in the economy do their economic activities and reach their equilibrium states. In other words, in microeconomics we make a microscope study of the economy.
But it should be remembered that microeconomics does not study the economy in Its totality. Instead, in microeconomics we discuss equilibrium of innumerable units of the economy piecemeal and their interrelationship to each other.
” For instance, in microeconomic analysis we study the demand of an individual consumer for a good and from there go on to derive the market demand for the good (that is, demand of a group of individuals consuming a particular group).
Examples of Microeconomic variables: Demand of a commodity, Supply of a commodity, Income of a consumer, Price of the commodity etc.
Examples of Microeconomic theories/study: Law of demand, Law of supply, Determination of consumer equilibrium, Determination of producer equilibrium etc.
-> Importance of Micro Economics
I. Price Determination:
Micro economics helps in elucidation how the prices of diverse commodities are determined. It also explicates how the prices of various aspects of production such as rent for land, wages for labour, interest for capital and profits for entrepreneur are decided in the commodity and factor market.
II. Working of a Free Market Economy:
Free market economy is the economy where the economic pronouncements regarding production of goods such as ‘What to produce, How much to produce, How to produce etc.’ are taken by private individuals. These verdicts are based on the inclination of the consumer or demand for the product. Micro economics theory helps in grasping the working of the free market economy.
III. International Trade & Public Finance:
Micro economics helps to elucidate many international trade facets like impacts of tariff, determination of exchange rates, advantages from international trade etc. It is also beneficial in public finance to analyse both, the occurrences as well as effect of a specific tax.
IV. Utilization of Resources:
Micro economics helps in elucidating how the scarce resources can be effectually and efficiently utilized by the producers in order to achieve highest output.
V. Model Building:
Micro economics helps in grasping various complex economic situations with its modest models. It has made an imperative contribution to the science of economics by the development of numerous terms, concepts, terminologies, tools of economic evaluation etc.
VI. Helps in Taking Business Decisions:
Micro economic theories are beneficial to businessmen for taking decisive business decisions. These decisions comprise the cost of production, values, maximum output, consumer’s preferences, demand and supply of the product etc.
VII. Useful to Government:
Micro economics is that subdivision of economics which is related with the study of economic behaviour of individual economic units. It is beneficial in building economic policies such as taxation policy, public expenditure policy, price policy etc. These policies aid the government to reach its goal of efficient distribution of resources and promoting economic wellbeing of the society.
VIII. Basis of Welfare Economics:
Micro economics endorses economic and social welfare by making finest utilization of the resources, thereby evading wastage.
MACROECONOMICS
Macroeconomics is a Study of Aggregates. We now turn to explain the approach and content of macroeconomics. ‘As said above, word macro is derived from the Greek word ‘makros’ meaning large and therefore macroeconomics is concerned with the economic activity in the large.
Macroeconomic analyses the behaviour of the whole economic system in totality or entirety. In other words, macroeconomic studies the behaviour of the large aggregates such as total employment, the national product or income, the general price level of the economy. Therefore, macroeconomics is also known as aggregative economics. Macroeconomics analyses and establishes the functional relationship between these large aggregates. Thus Professor Boulding says, “Macroeconomics deals not with individual quantities as such but with the aggregates of these quantities; not with individual incomes but with the national income, not with individual prices but with the price level; not with individual output but with the national output.
“Macroeconomics, then, is that part of the subject which deals with large aggregates and averages of the system rather than with particular items in it and attempts to define these aggregates in a useful manner and to examine their relationships. ” Professor Gardner Ackley makes the distinction between the two types more clear and specific when he writes, macroeconomics concerns itself with such variables as the aggregate volume of output in an economy, with the extent to which its resources are employed, with the size of the national income, with the general price level”. Microeconomics, on the other hand, deals with the division of total output among industries, products and firms and the allocation of resources among competing uses. It considers problems of income distribution. Its interest is in relative prices of particular goods and services.
Examples of Macroeconomic variables : Aggregate supply, Aggregate demand, National income, Total output etc.
Examples of Macroeconomic studies/theories : Determination of equilibrium level of income, Determination of foreign exchange rate, Determination of govt. budget etc.
-> Importance of macroeconomics
Macroeconomics is a vibrant concept that studies the whole nation and works for the welfare of the economy. It is beneficial for the timing of economic variations to prevent or be prepared for any financial crisis or any long – term adverse situations. The system of fiscal and monetary policies rest on entirely on the examination of the widely held macroeconomic situations in the nation. Macroeconomics mainly purposes to help the Government and the financial bodies to fix economic stability in the country. This course of economics gives a broader viewpoint of social or national issues. The ones who want to provide to the welfare of society need to study macroeconomics. It guarantees or keeps a check over the appropriate functioning of the country’s economy and real position. The analysis of macroeconomics concepts and issues helps the economists to understand the causes and possible explanations of such macro-level problems. Dealing with numerous economic situations through the use of macro-economic data unlocks the door for development in the country.
A dotcom, or dot-com, is a company that conducts business primarily through a website. A dotcom company embraces the Internet as the key component in its business. The businesses are normally conducted through a website with the domain “.com” in the URL. Popular dotcom companies include Amazon.com, eBay.com, Priceline.com, coupons.com, and shuttelfly.com. The companies survived the burst of the dot-com bubble.
The Dotcom Bubble Burst
People started a dotcom or a website for almost everything, right from buying groceries from nearby grocers to buying pencils, but they did not figure out how much money they spent on making the website and buying space and designing it. They did not even access how much money they should make by selling their products to recover the cost because they had funds from others supporting them. Later, when the supporting people who funded their website started asking how they would recover money, the founders were clueless. So, the website was shut down. This happened all over the world. Then, the venture capitalists or the VCs (the people who fund other people to start a business) became careful about the money they were spending to avoid losses. This caused a lot of disappointment among people who wanted to start a venture. Hence, the dotcom bubble busted.
It was like bargaining for onions
Sabeer Bhatia – Hotmail founder
An eleven-year-old from Bangalore sold off his excess sandwiches, made by his mom to his friends; perhaps this was his first venture.
When he attended a lecture at Standford University, he learned about the history of founders like Steve Jobs or Scott McNealy. He thought to himself, “This is no big deal, I can do this.”
This is the story of none other than Indian – Sabeer Bhatia, the person who founded hotmail.com.
Working in Apple Computers, he hated it when others had access to his company email. He decided to form an email system that could be accessed only by the owner, and no matter where he was, he could check his inbox and receive emails for free.
He was rejected by 19 funding organizations. Finally, a company agreed because it felt introducing a free email service would revolutionize the Internet.
The day hotmail was launched; servers were flooded with people signing up. Thousands and thousands of people flocked to sign up every day.
By year-end, they were greeting their millionth customer. When Microsoft came knocking, 12 months later, they’d signed up nearly 10 million users. But what were 10 million subscribers worth?
Bhatia didn’t know how to sell a company. But he did know how to buy onions. “In India, you’ve got to negotiate for everything,” he says. “Even while buying vegetables, you’ve got to negotiate.” When the bargaining started, Bhatia felt right at home. “They came in low with $160 million, so I came in at $700 million! And when they said: that’s ridiculous! Are you out of your mind?” I knew it was just a ploy. Bhatia won’t budge and finally, they had to succumb.
Microsoft purchased hotmail.com for a whopping 400 million dollars.
There are plenty of options available to you if you wish to choose a career in a dotcom company. Here are a few of them :
Education is define as the ” Process of gaining knowledge. The process of training and developing the knowledge, skill, mind, character, etc by formal schooling, teaching, training.
True education means beyond earning degree it is more than bookish knowledge.
types of education:
Formal education: under that
school/ institution involved
Has hierarchical structure
Uniform full time and proper
Subject oriented
Certificate/degree
Informal education:
Practical adult learning
Diversity in method and content
Mobilize local resources
Built on learned participation
Real life example of learning
Non- formal education:
Very long process
Learning from experience
Learning from home
Learning from work
Learning from environment.
Why education is the key to success?
Education lessens the challenge you will face in life. The more knowledge you gain the more opportunity will open up to allow individual to achieve better possibilities in career and personal growth.
Does education change a person:
Education can stimulate economic growth less directly, increasing innovation, productivity and human capital. And education also has a history of fostering positive social change by encouraging things like political participate, social equality, and environment sustainability.
Education important:
Education shows us the importance of hard work and at the same time help us grow and develop. It teaches us to live in harmony.
PM Narendra Modi’s push in his Independence Day discourse for “100% immersion” of government plans includes six key drives, which however have arrived at a huge populace up until now, need a quantum hop in the approach 2024 when Modi would look for a third term in office as PM.
As rattled off by the PM himself, these plans are Ayushman Bharat which offers free clinical protection, Ujjwala Yojana that offers free LPG associations, the twin extra security plans upheld by the public authority, Atal Pension plot, the PM Housing Scheme, and Har Ghar Jal Scheme for drinking water. Four of them carried out in Modi’s initial term and assumed a part in his 2019 success while ‘Ayushman Bharat’ and ‘Har Ghar Jal’ solely affect the ground in Modi’s second term up until now.
“Crores of individuals are getting the advantages of many plans began over the most recent seven years. Today the speed of government plans has expanded and they are accomplishing the ideal objectives. We have advanced a lot quicker than previously. However, it doesn’t end here. We need to accomplish immersion. We need to push forward with an outlook of penny percent accomplishment… for this, we don’t need to keep a far off cut off time. We need to make our goals work out inside a couple of years,” the Prime Minister said from the Red Fort.
Ayushman Bharat – Lot to be finished
Dispatched in late 2018 not long before the Lok Sabha surveys, Ayushman Bharat should give free clinical protection family front of Rs 5 lakh to almost 50 crore individuals in the country. While the plan has no objectives given the idea of the plan includes clinical help, around 10 crore recipients have cards so far to approve their qualification for the plan, suggesting that almost 40 crore recipients are still to get these cards from the Centre. Different states have likewise stretched out the plan to cover 15 crores more individuals and have offered cards to 6 crores of such individuals up until now.
The two greatest states with the most recipients, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, are slacking on this front of appropriating cards with 1.4 Cr and 70 lakh cards dispersed so far separately however both these states have almost 10 Cr recipients each. Two crore medical clinic confirmations have been accounted for under the plan to date with claims worth Rs 25,000 crore. In any case, UP and Bihar have revealed far less affirmations up until this point, at 7.7 lakh and 2.9 lakh separately, and more modest states have performed better, showing the plan’s mindfulness in UP and Bihar isn’t as wanted up until this point.
Ujjwala Yojana — Best Saturation
The free LPG association plan of Ujjwala was finished in front of the cut-off time in 2019 for eight crore recipients who didn’t have a gas association in the country. This was a distinct advantage conspire for the Modi government in the 2019 races. PM last week dispatched a second form of the plan in which one crore more recipients will get a free LPG association that is relied upon to convert into full LPG entrance in the country. Inside seven days of the dispatch, more than three lakhs of these associations have been given out and the public authority might accomplish its objective in 2021 itself.
Two Life Insurance Schemes — Need a Push
The two disaster protection plans dispatched in Modi’s initial term have seen unassuming improvement and have scope for more inclusion. They are wilful. PM Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) has 23.6 crore recipients as of date between the age of 18-70 who pay only Rs 12 as an expense in a year to get inadvertent extra security of Rs 2 lakh. The take-up of the PM Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) is lesser at just 10.5 crore recipients between the age of 18-50 who pay Rs 330 every year for a front of Rs 2 lakh if there should be an occurrence of death.
There are almost 55 crore individuals in the country in the age gathering of 18-50 years and around 65 crores in the age bunch 18-70 years.
Atal Pension Yojana — Big Scheme, Low Uptake
Just 3.13 crore individuals have selected themselves into the Atal Pension Yojana dispatched in PM Modi’s initial term as a feature of an aspiring point of a ‘general government backed retirement framework’. The plan is near the public authority’s heart as it offers a month-to-month annuity of Rs 1000 to Rs 5000 to any individual get-togethers age of 60 years relying upon how much premium he decides to pay, moves the annuity advantage to the companion of the recipient after their demise and moves the whole corpus of benefits abundance till the age of 60 years to the candidate after several passes away. The plan is available to anybody between 18-40 years old to join and this age bunch has more than 45 crore youngsters in the country.
PM Housing Scheme — 2022 point
This is one plan that is doing sensibly well against its aggressive objective of giving each vagrant a house before the finish of 2022. Against a new objective of conveying about 2.67 crore houses before the finish of 2022, 1.53 crore houses (60%) have been finished up until now and another 48 lakhs have been endorsed and are in different phases of development. The public authority is expecting to finish 2.01 crore houses consequently by March 2022 and the remainder of the objective (65 lakh houses) before the finish of 2022. Large states like Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu are anyway battling, covering under half and 40% generally speaking objective of theirs individually up until this point.
Har Ghar Jal — Game-Changer for 2024?
The funnelled drinking water for all plan dispatched in Modi government’s second term on Independence Day in 2019 could be the genuine distinct advantage for the BJP come 2024, as it has an objective for culmination around the same time. Just 17% of the nation’s families, about 3.2 crore, had faucet water associations when the plan started, and this has effectively ascended to 42% as of date with 4.7 crore associations given over the most recent two years. The Center has an aggressive point of going after the plan early in 2023, preceding the overall appointment of 2024. For that to occur, the greatest territory of Uttar Pradesh should beat as it actually has just 17% faucet water immersion with 32 lakhs out of 2.6 crore families covered up until this point. West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh have under 15% inclusion. Rajasthan is at 20%.
Narendra Modi’s words from Red Fort are a message additionally to focal government divisions running these plans to propel themselves for 100% immersion. “The greatest benefit of this 100% achievement rate is that nobody stays denied of the advantages of the public authority plot. At the point when the public authority works with an objective to contact the individual in the last line, really at that time there is no separation and there is no degree for debasement,” the PM focused from the Red Fort on Sunday.
The movement of electromagnetic wave without any physical contact of a body is called radiation. Example – light coming from the sun. Heat transfer form hoter to colder body.
All bodies radiate some energy except at zero Calvin. The energy emitted by the body is in the form of packets or quanta of energy called photon.
When the radiation is incident on the surface of a body some fractional part of energy is being absorbed by the surface, some fractional part of energy being transmitted by the surface and some fractional part being reflected by the surface.
The fractional part which is absorbed by the body is called absorbitivity of that body and it is denoted by sigma. The fractional part which is reflected by the body is called reflectivity and it is denoted by row. The fractional part which is transmitted by the body is called transmissivity and it is denoted by tow. Mathematical expressions for this
ρ + α + τ = 1
Where ρ is reflectivity, α is absorbitivity and τ is transmissivity.
The value of these are depend upon
1 nature of surface of the body
2 Temperature of the body. – greater the temperature greater will be the radiation
3 wavelength of the incident rays.
Black body
The body that absorbed all the radiation, and does not trasmite or reflect any radiation is called black body. i. e α =1 and ρ =τ=0. It doesn’t mean that for the black body the body should be black. For example snow which is white in colour and whose absorbitivity is 0.955 that is very near to the 1, hence it is a black body.
White body
The body which which reflects all the radiation is called white body. i.e α = τ = 0, ρ = 1.
Gray body
It is a hypothetical body because the value of absorbitivity, reflectivity and transmissivity does not varies with temperature. ρ + α + τ =1
Women empowerment is the process of empowering women. It may be defined in several ways, including accepting women’s viewpoint or making an effort to seek them, raising the status of women through education, awareness, literacy, and training.
How can I empower women and girls?
standing with and investing in women is an Important start. From workplace and school to home and committee, women
gender equality underpins all of the world Vision work and there are many great activities you can get involved in to support the rights of women in developing countries.
Why do we need women empowerment:
Women’s empowerment is really needed in the societies. It’s so important for women self-esteem and also for societies. Empowering women is to give women the right. Women can equal rights to participate in education, society, economy and politically.
Empowering feminist Quote from inspiring women:
I raise up my voice- not so that I can shout, but so that those without a voice can be heard.
if couse I am not worried about intimidating men.
how can I empower women and girls:
standing with and investing in women is an important start. From workplace and school to home and communities.
How world Vision is helping empower women?
we believe that healthy educated and empower women and girls are agents of change.
when women and girls are support they gain opportunity to speak up for their right and also to advocate for their communities.
they are also able to rise in social standing, and they can feel into future generations.
1.In 3.75 billion years, the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies will collide.
The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way- where our solar system is at a rate of around 110 kilometers per second (68 mi/s) and, the two will collide to form a giant elliptical galaxy.
Milky way
2.Andromeda is probably the most massive galaxy in the Local Group.
There arearound 1 trillion stars in the Andromeda galaxy, compared with the Milky Way, which has 200-400 billion.
Andromeda galaxy
3.If two pieces of the same type of metal touch in space, they will permanently bond.
This incredible fact is also known as cold welding, and it happens because the atoms of two pieces of metal have no way of knowing they are separate. It doesn’t happen on Earth because of the air and water found between the pieces.
Fusion of metal on space
4.The Moon was once a piece of Earth.
The theory is that when Earth was a relatively young planet, was struck by a giant object, and this collision broke a piece of the Earth away to create the moon. This piece then began to orbit the Earth as a result of its gravitational pull.
Earth and Moon
5.Space is completely silent.
Sound waves need a medium to travel through. Since there is no atmosphere in the vacuum of space, the realm between stars will always be eerily silent. Astronauts use radio waves to communicate.
Space
6.The Apollo astronauts’ footprints on the moon will probably stay there for at least 100 million years.
Since the moon doesn’t have an atmosphere, there’s no wind or water to erode or wash away the Apollo astronauts’ mark on the moon. That means their footprints, overprints, spaceship prints, and discarded materials will stay preserved on the moon for a very long time. Erosion is still happening on the moon, just very slowly.
Astronaut in Moon
7.Some planets have no surface to land on.
There are four gas giants in our solar system — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune — where it wouldn’t be possible to land on. Although different in composition, a gas giant is usually made out of hydrogen and helium and has a small rocky center.
Scientists have several ideas why humans can high-five each other instead of, say, high four or high six. One theory suggests four fingers and a thumb on each hand are the perfect number and length to grip objects firmly. (Another study suggests we can gasp most things with just our thumb and index finger if necessary ; the other four fingers are spares).
The process of evolution determined the most beneficial number of fingers and toes for our survival. Pandas, after all, have thumblike digits to help them grasp bamboo shoots, while some birds have quadruple digits for perching and tucking away during flight. Occasionally, babies are born with extra fingers and toes (a condition known as polydactyly), but those additional digits have never offered enough of an edge to survive to later generations. In other words, evolution determined that five fingers per hand are just right for humans.
Why do we have thumbs?
Having no thumbs would make you all thumbs, fumbling to tie your shoes or assemble a hamburger. (Don’t believe us? Tape one of your thumbs against the side of your hand and see how hard life becomes). We inherited a fully “opposable” thumb named for its ability to close tip-to-tip against our other fingers – grom our primate ancestors around two million years ago. These ancient relatives needed handier hands to help get a grip on simple tools. So give a thumbs – up to your thumbs. So give a thumbs – up to your thumbs. They are the main reasons you can text with one hand and build a burger without fumbling the bun.
Do other animals have thumbs beside us?
Lots of them, although the exact number depends on your definition of “thumbs”. Apes and many monkeys have opposable thumbs just like us, while smaller primates, pandas, and koalas have thumblike digits and claws that help them grip plants and prey.
Why do we have fingerprints?
Those whirls, swirls, loops, and arches on your fingertips (and toes, in case you didn’t know) are hnique to you – even if you have an identical twin – and they remain unchanged throughout your entire life. In fact, the faint ridges known as fingerprints form before you have ever born. Fluids in the womb put pressure on your developing digits, which, combined with your rate of growth and genetic makeup, create one-of-a-kind designs.
Okay, but why do we have fingerprints?
Ah, you want to know the point of those fingertip designs ( well, besides incriminating crooks who forget to wear gloves). Scientist have put forth all sorts of possible reasons. Fingerprints might magnify the hand’s ability to detect vibrations, for example, or improve our sense of touch. They also might work like tyre trying to help They also might work like tire treads to help us grip objects.
Why do my fingers wrinkle when we’ve been swimming?
You might think that playing in the pool or soaking in the tub makes your fingertips and toes waterlogged and soggy. Not so ! The prune effect is caused by blood vessels bringing just below the skin – an automatic reaction triggered by your nervous system when it senses long exposure to water. Scientists think people evolved this reaction to improve their grip and traction in wet environments. After all, pruny fingers make it easier to snag slippery fish.
Why can we pop our knuckles?
When you move or bend your fingers, you occasionally squeeze tiny air bubbles that form in the protective fluid around your body’s joints.Those poping bubbles create an audible crack.
Artificial Intelligence refers to the intelligence of machines. This is in contrast to the natural intelligence of humans and animals. With Artificial Intelligence, machines perform functions such as learning, planning, reasoning and problem-solving. Most noteworthy, Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence by machines. “Artificial intelligence would be the ultimate version of Google. The ultimate search engine that would understand everything on the web. It would understand exactly what you wanted, and it would give you the right thing. We’re nowhere near doing that now. However, we can get incrementally closer to that, and that is basically what we work on.” Experts believe that AI in future will be able to make human life much easier by providing a solution to almost all challenges. Humans will also be made aware of potential threats from beforehand by Artificial Intelligence use. One of the fastest- growing fields of technology and invention is that of AI. AI has established its position in several marketing activities. And the automation of marketing processes has increased the demand for AI implementation in the industry recently as well. AI has also brought opportunities to marketers to expand their business and provided user interface insight. There are mainly two types of artificial intelligence. Type 1 includes Narrow Artificial Intelligence – Can perform the single task example voice recognition, General Artificial Intelligence – Having an ability to perform tasks like human beings. To date, no such machine is developed, Super Artificial Intelligence – AI with the capability to perform better than a human being itself. The research is still going on. Type 2 includes Reactive Machine – This machine responds quickly to a situation. It is not able to store any data for present or future use. It works according to the fed data, Limited Memory – This machine can store smaller amount of data for a limited period. Examples are self-driving cars and video games, Theory of Mind – These are the machines which would understand human emotions, there would be much smarter. But these types of machines have not yet developed. Therefore the concept totally speculative. Last but not the least Self Awareness – These types of machines attributes to a better working than that of human beings. To date, no such machine has been developed. Efforts are continuously made in the same direction. Artificial intelligence is enhancing the ability of machines to make it perform in the same way as human beings. The different emerging technologies are relatively helping in artificial intelligence to excel. The machine in form of computers, mobiles, and other devices is helping aids. The different set of data as the input given to the machine helps it in performing any task. So in a better way, we can state that artificial learning comprises machines inbuilt with human intelligence by developing a set of data or algorithms.Technologies are advancing day by day. They are proving it to be a blessing for mankind. They make the work easier, further helping to resolve a problem in a human way. Every technology has its both positive as well as negative impacts and so artificial intelligence too. It has its importance in different industries and research sectors but can be a curse if used up in the wrong way and can become a threat to mankind.
The Japanese aesthetics are a set of ideals followed since the olden days including Miyabi, yuugen, mono no aware, wabi and sabi. These ideas showcase was is considered to be beautiful in Japanese culture and aesthetic norms. The aesthetic norms in japan are considered to be an indispensable part of Japanese people everyday life.
Miyabi is one of the oldest Japanese aesthetic ideal. It is the norm to polish ones manners and to eradicate any kind of roughness and crudility in order to achieve the highest level of grace. The term miyabi can be translated as ‘elegance’. It requires the removal of any vulgar actions. It is also closely related to mono no aware.
Wabi and sabi entails that one should have a mindful approach in everyday life. According to this aesthetic ideal the true beauty of things lie in their impermanent and imperfect nature. It looks at the notion that the things that are in their full glory at the moment will eventually fade or decay. That beauty lies in the fact that things come and go and nothing stays permanently. In this way we can find beauty in the most simplest and ordinary things.
According to the zen philosophy there are 7 principles for achieving wabi and sabi.
Kanso or simplicity, yugen or grace, fukinsei or irregularity, shizen or natural, koko or basic, datsuzoku or to be free and seijaku or silence are the 7 principles of wabi sabi.
Each of these are found in nature and are the virtues of human character.
Yuugen is one of the most important of the Japanese aesthetics. Yugen implies to be having a deep awareness of the universe. It is one of the deep rooted idea in the Japanese Buddhism.
Yugen refers to looking at the world that we live in deeply and becoming aware of the virtues and the true beauty lying within.
The meaning of mono no aware has been complex and ever changing but the deep rooted meaning remains the same, it refers to the pathos of things deriving from their transcience.
In the classic anthology of Japanese poetry from the eighth century the feeling of aware is typically triggered by the plaintive calls of birds or other animals. It also played an important role in the world’s first novel, Murasaki Shikibu’s ‘The Tale of Genji’, in the early eleventh century clearly show impermanence as the basis for the feeling of mono no aware.
Nowadays mono no aware can be seen in the love of Japanese people for cherry blosoms. Huge crowds of people go to view cherry blossoms every year.
The blossoms of the Japanese cherry trees are more beautiful than those apple tree because of their transience, as they begin to fall within a week of their first appearing. It is precisely the evanescence of their beauty that evokes the wistful feeling of mono no aware in the viewer.
Well, without proper comprehension skills, students lack the ability to understand what they read. The point of reading isn’t to make sounds in your brain or out loud, but rather, to understand important lessons, stories and arguments. Through the act of writing, our ancestors have recorded important knowledge that we can understand simply by reading. By understanding what we read, we pick up important information, understand scientific theories, past opinions and new frontiers.
Having excellent reading comprehension skills is crucial. It increases the enjoyment and effectiveness of reading and helps not only academically, but professionally, and in a person’s personal life. Imagine, for example, that your boss gives you a complicated document: you can read the words, but you cannot understand what the document is telling you. What then, is the point of being able to ‘read,’ if it can’t help you move forward?
Importance of comprehension
Comprehension is the goal of reading , however it can be considered as the most difficult skill to master, especially for English language learners. Reading comprehension can be defined as the ability to read text, process it and understand its meaning. An individual ‘s ability to comprehend text is influenced by their traits and skills, one of which is the ability to make inferences. If word recognition is difficult, students use too much of their processing capacity to read individual words, which interferes with their ability to comprehend what is read (Stanovich, 1986). There are a number of approaches to improve reading comprehension, including improving one ‘s vocabulary and reading strategies.
Building reading comprehension
Overwhelmed by the far-reaching implications of Reading Comprehension? Don’t be! Comprehension is actually quite simple to build. However, it will require daily, active involvement from a parent or guardian, where you guide your child through the thought processes that underly understanding any text.
Daily reading practice:
All children should spend at least half-hour daily, reading with a loved one. Not only does this foster a positive relationship with reading, but it also allows you to model the cognitive steps required to comprehend what is read.(Seriously, we can’t emphasize this enough. The research out there is endless — every child requires daily reading at home to succeed).
Make connections :
As you and your children read aloud, share experiences you have had that relate to the story and have them share theirs. Not only does this build an interest in reading, but it grounds them in the idea that there is something common and shared in the act of reading, and it invests them in the story.
Create a visual :
Sometimes children have a hard time visualizing what they just read. Help your children visualize by describing the scene, characters, and plot. You can even ask them what they are visualizing and have them draw in pencil, pen, markers, or colored pencils. They will be involved and creating their own story, which will help them get a clearer understanding of what is happening.
Check for understanding :
Whether you are reading, or your child is reading, ask key comprehension questions, periodically, while reading. Doing this not only helps you see if they are understanding what is being read, but it also teaches them what questions they should be asking themselves as they read.
Before Starting- Look at the Cover & Title! What do you think this book will be about?- Do you know anything about this topic?- What types of characters do you think will be in the story?
During Stop periodically (every paragraph or page) and ask:-. “Who?”- “What just happened?”- “Where?” At key points, you can also ask “How did it happen?” and “Why did it happen?
“As you progress through the story, make sure that your child is holding on to the story by asking “What has happened so far?
“Teach them to predict / imagine / hypothesize by asking “How do you think the character will handle the situation?
“Also, clear their doubts and give them a voice in your daily reading practice by asking “Is there anything you are wondering right now?”
After: Check to see if your child understood the text by asking- “What was the main message in the story/text?”- “Tell me the story in your own words” “What were the most important events in the story?”
Make inference and prediction :
Making inferences and predictions goes hand-and-hand with asking questions. Inferring is the ability to take clues and given knowledge from a text and conclude what will happen next. To help them infer, ask them to predict what might happen next in the story “What does the author want you to think about?” “Why do you think the character did ______?” “What do you think will happen next?” “If the story had a sequel, what do you think it would be about?”
Fix any type of confusion :
It is important to go back and re-read as soon as your child seems confused! Make sure you are tracking your child’s comprehension progress. The moment they can’t answer one of your questions, whether it’s at the first sentence or in the middle, or maybe even at the end, back up and re-read!
Remember, building Reading Comprehension will take time. Comprehension is built on phonetic awareness, reading fluency, vocabulary, and / or language arts. Stick to your daily reading practice (especially when you want to give up) and remind your child that it is important to understand every single word / sentence / paragraph / story they read.
I have seen many motivational movies both in Bollywood and Hollywood. But Bollywood movies are very special as they contain emotional content and beautiful songs. There are many people who think Bollywood only produce entertaining movies which I don’t think is a fact. Cinema is the reflection of society and vice-versa. However, a society has its own deep rooted beliefs and perceptions which trickle down through the ages and become a reference point for generations to come. In such a scenario, is it possible for a piece of art to come and impact your perceptions in a way that you see something in a whole new light?
I have collected a list of Bollywood movies that I have watched and I suggest you to watch if you’re free this weekend..Here is the list!
Swades (2004)
We all want to secure good marks in college, get a high-paying job, if possible settle abroad and live our lives comfortably ever after. However, how many of us can leave this settled life behind and devote it to the upliftment and betterment of the lives of our rural brethren. Swades is a story of self-less devotion to the country and bringing development at the grass-root level. A must-watch for all who want to contribute to their motherland in their own little way.
Taare Zameen Par (2007)
Have we ever wondered why a glass appears half empty to some of us while it looks half full to others? It’s just a matter of perception, we say. Taare Zameen Par breaks the stigma attached with the differently-abled children and leads us to give them a fair chance. Such movies leave a lasting impact on our psyche and help us immensely in bettering our judgement towards life. And in case, you forgot the message of the movie, repeat it with us, every child is special.
Luck By Chance (2009)
Luck by Chance brings the struggles and cynicism of the film industry to the fore like never before. Most of us are dreamy eyed about the glamour world and think of it as ‘the life’ to have. Here’s where Zoya Akhtar’s LBC comes in and takes you to a walk through the backstage of Bollywood. It introduces you to the personalities you never imagined existed and tells you the level of stakes involved in the business, through the eyes of an aspiring actor Vikram (Farhan Akhtar). Consider this your Bible if you see your future in the showbiz.
Rocket Singh (2009)
Admit it! We have all given up on some life-changing idea at least once in our lives because we lacked the courage to make the actual plunge. No wonder we move on with a familiar remorse in our hearts. Rocket Singh teaches us an amazing lesson about self-worth which stresses on the fact that an organisation is only as good as its employees and that taking risks in life is not as bad as it seems initially.
Lakshya (2004)
Being aimless in life and careless about career is a phase everyone goes through. Having a quarter-life crisis is not so bad either. However, the magic lies in waking up at the right time. Forget everyone else, the real deal is to surprise yourself with your own capabilities and to do something that you yourself never expected to do. After all, this is what Lakshya taught us. To leave one life and live the other!
Rang De Basanti (2006)
Anyone who watches this movie will feel a connect, especially the youth. Aren’t our adrenaline levels always pumping and haven’t we all discussed the flaws of the system over a cup of steaming chai ? But what have we actually done to fix it? Nothing. Rang De Basanti tries to create an environment of increased activism on matters of public interest and throws open a debate: do we want to take matters into our hands or keep crying foul about the inefficiencies of the society?
Paan Singh Tomar (2010)
While biopics of legendary people always inspire viewers, it takes a movie like Paan Singh Tomar to shake them up to the conditions and tragedies of these stalwarts post their prime. PST is the story of a real-life athlete Paan Singh Tomar, a gold medalist who went onto becoming a dacoit, after the world around him refused to acknowledge him for his accomplishments and kept pushing him down. The USP of the movie lies in the stirring tragedy of PST’s life which drives him to seek revenge from the system, for his lost career and life. This one is history in motion.
A Wednesday (2008)
In these times of increased violence and hatred towards each other, aren’t we all living an uncertain life which might just end today, at this very moment? But we, the common people, sit quietly like always while our safety becomes a game of ping-pong between terrorists and our government. This film stresses on the importance of a wake-up call to our government to act towards the safety of its citizens. A Wednesday is a stirring message to all common men like me and you to not play vulnerable all the time and come together and ask our system to be accountable to us.
Dil Chahta Hai (2001)
There are times when you want the clock to stop. There are times when you don’t want to leave a place. There are times when everything just feels right about the company that you have. Such is the gravity of friendship in youth. You don’t want to grow old. But unfortunately, time waits for no one and one has to move on in life and live one’s own story. Dil Chahta Hai is a coming-of-age story which remains an essential part of everyone’s life, simply because it holds true no matter how many times we watch it.
Udaan (2010)
Easily the most relatable, easily the most convincing. That’s why Udaan works and changes your deep rooted perceptions towards a very tender phase of a child’s life, teenage. The movie tracks the journey of Rohan, who returns to his home after 8 years of boarding school, only to be welcomed by a disciplinarian father and a half brother. The beauty of Udaan lies in the way Rohan fights and aims for his dreams rather than being tied down by his father. The movie sends a strong message which says we can become whatever we want in life, all we need to do is give our dreams a little flight.
When it comes to the possibilities and possible perils of artificial intelligence (AI), learning and reasoning by machines without the intervention of humans, there are lots of opinions out there. Only time will tell which one of these quotes will be the closest to our future reality. Until we get there, it’s interesting to contemplate who might be the one who predicts our reality the best.
“The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race. It would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever-increasing rate. Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn’t compete, and would be superseded.”— Stephen Hawking
Will computers eventually be smarter than humans?
Everyone is talking about artificial intelligence (AI) – in the media, at conferences and in product brochures. Yet the technology is still in its infancy. Applications that would have been dismissed as science fiction not long ago could become reality within a few years. With its specialty materials, the Electronics business sector of Merck is contributing to the development of AI.
HOW SMART ARE YOU?
Who’s smarter — you, or the computer or mobile device on which you’re reading this article? The answer is increasingly complex, and depends on definitions in flux. Computers are certainly more adept at solving quandaries that benefit from their unique skill set, but humans hold the edge on tasks that machines simply can’t perform. Not yet, anyway.
Computers can take in and process certain kinds of information much faster than we can. They can swirl that data around in their “brains,” made of processors, and perform calculations to conjure multiple scenarios at superhuman speeds. For example, the best chess-trained computers can at this point strategize many moves ahead, problem-solving far more deftly than can the best chess-playing humans. Computers learn much more quickly, too, narrowing complex choices to the most optimal ones. Yes, humans also learn from mistakes, but when it comes to tackling the kinds of puzzles computers excel at, we’re far more fallible.
Computers enjoy other advantages over people. They have better memories, so they can be fed a large amount of information, and can tap into all of it almost instantaneously. Computers don’t require sleep the way humans do, so they can calculate, analyze and perform tasks tirelessly and round the clock. On the other hand, humans are still superior to computers in many ways. We perform tasks, make decisions, and solve problems based not just on our intelligence but on our massively parallel processing wetware — in abstract, what we like to call our instincts, our common sense, and perhaps most importantly, our life experiences. Computers can be programmed with vast libraries of information, but they can’t experience life the way we do.
Some of that’s rethinking how we approach these questions. Rather than obsessing over who’s smarter or irrationally fearing the technology, we need to remember that computers and machines are designed to improve our lives, just as IBM’s Watson computer is helping us in the fight against deadly diseases. The trick, as computers become better and better at these and any number of other tasks, is ensuring that “helping us” remains their prime directive.
The important thing to keep in mind is that it is not man versus machine. “It is not a competition. It is a collaboration.”
The previous article dealt in detail with immunoglobulin and how they help in phagocytosis. This article is about the types of immunoglobulins, their functions.
The types of immunoglobulins are based on the types of light and heavy chains. There are two types of light chains namely the kappa and the lambda. An immunoglobulin contains either kappa (K-K) or lambda (L-L) but does not have a mixture of both (K-L not possible). About 60% of the immunoglobulins in humans have kappa chains.
So, the classes of immunoglobulins are based on the heavy chain. So based on this condition, there are five classes of immunoglobulins namely:-
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) – gamma
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) – mu
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) – alpha
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) – delta
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) – epsilon
These immunoglobulins have certain configurations and play different roles in the human body. The immunoglobulin G is present the most. It constitutes about 80% of the total immunoglobulin. These are mostly present in the blood, plasma, and other body fluids. This immunoglobulin has the lowest carbohydrate content when compared to the rest. This immunoglobulin has a half-life of 23 days which is the longest of all. Some of the unique features and functions of this immunoglobulin:-
This is the only immunoglobulin which can cross the placenta (this is a unique feature because this immunoglobulin provides immunity to the foetus inside the womb and also after birth for some months. Presence of others may indicate infection)
This helps in killing bacteria and viruses by opsonisation (the process of covering the pathogen with a protein coat such that the pathogens become more presentable to the immune cells)
Neutralize toxins
Activate complement by classical pathway (The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen’s cell membrane)
Unique catabolism (breaking down of molecules) based on concentration
There are four sub classes (G1, G2, G3 and G4) out of which 1,3 and 4 cross the placenta and offer immunity
Also involves in the Rh immunization (there are two types’ Rh+ve and Rh-ve based on the presence of Rh factor in blood). The mother being Rh+ve and child the opposite is not a problem in the first pregnancy but can be fatal in second, killing the foetus.
The immunoglobulin M constitutes about 5-10% of total proteins. This is a pentamer structure with a J chain. This weighs about 900000-1000000 and is the heaviest of all. They have 5 days of half-life. Some of its features-
Presence in newborn indicate congenital infection as they don’t cross placenta
Short lived, so their presence indicates recent infection
First Ig to participate in primary response
Opsonisation
classical pathway
bacteria agglutination
Play an important role in ABO blood grouping (discovered by Landsteiner). There are 8 types of blood groups based on antigen, antibody and Rh factor
Immunoglobulin A is also known as the secretory immunoglobulin and is mostly present in body secretions (tear, saliva, sebum, mucous, and milk) in which they are dimer and are monomer in blood. They constitute 10-15% of the proteins. They also have a J chain and secretory piece. Their half-life is 6-8 days.
The secretory piece protects the Ig from enzymes and juices
Complement activation by alternate pathway
Promote phagocytosis
Intracellular microorganism killing
First line of defense against some microbes
Immunoglobulin E is a dimer similar to IgG. This is present in low concentrations (about 0.3) and has the weight of about 1,90,000. These have a half-life of about 2 days and can become inactivated at 56 C.
Present extra-cellularly
Associated with allergic reactions like asthma, hay fever and anaphylactic shock
Bind with the Fc of mast cells and basophils resulting in degranulation and release histamine which causes allergy
Mediate the some immunity reactions
No complement activation
Provide immunity against helminthes
The last is immunoglobulin D. It is present in low concentrations and on the surface of B lymphocytes. They constitute 0.2% of proteins. They have a half-life of 3 days. The IgM and IgD bind on the B lymphocyte to help in antigen identification.
Hence these were the different types of immunoglobulins and the mechanisms by which they help with immunity. The next article is about the process of inflammation.
The previous article dealt in detail with immunoglobulin and how they help in phagocytosis. This article is about the types of immunoglobulins, their functions.
The types of immunoglobulins are based on the types of light and heavy chains. There are two types of light chains namely the kappa and the lambda. An immunoglobulin contains either kappa (K-K) or lambda (L-L) but does not have a mixture of both (K-L not possible). About 60% of the immunoglobulins in humans have kappa chains.
So, the classes of immunoglobulins are based on the heavy chain. So based on this condition, there are five classes of immunoglobulins namely:-
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) – gamma
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) – mu
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) – alpha
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) – delta
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) – epsilon
These immunoglobulins have certain configurations and play different roles in the human body. The immunoglobulin G is present the most. It constitutes about 80% of the total immunoglobulin. These are mostly present in the blood, plasma, and other body fluids. This immunoglobulin has the lowest carbohydrate content when compared to the rest. This immunoglobulin has a half-life of 23 days which is the longest of all. Some of the unique features and functions of this immunoglobulin:-
This is the only immunoglobulin which can cross the placenta (this is a unique feature because this immunoglobulin provides immunity to the foetus inside the womb and also after birth for some months. Presence of others may indicate infection)
This helps in killing bacteria and viruses by opsonisation (the process of covering the pathogen with a protein coat such that the pathogens become more presentable to the immune cells)
Neutralize toxins
Activate complement by classical pathway (The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen’s cell membrane)
Unique catabolism (breaking down of molecules) based on concentration
There are four sub classes (G1, G2, G3 and G4) out of which 1,3 and 4 cross the placenta and offer immunity
Also involves in the Rh immunization (there are two types’ Rh+ve and Rh-ve based on the presence of Rh factor in blood). The mother being Rh+ve and child the opposite is not a problem in the first pregnancy but can be fatal in second, killing the foetus.
The immunoglobulin M constitutes about 5-10% of total proteins. This is a pentamer structure with a J chain. This weighs about 900000-1000000 and is the heaviest of all. They have 5 days of half-life. Some of its features-
Presence in newborn indicate congenital infection as they don’t cross placenta
Short lived, so their presence indicates recent infection
First Ig to participate in primary response
Opsonisation
classical pathway
bacteria agglutination
Play an important role in ABO blood grouping (discovered by Landsteiner). There are 8 types of blood groups based on antigen, antibody and Rh factor
Immunoglobulin A is also known as the secretory immunoglobulin and is mostly present in body secretions (tear, saliva, sebum, mucous, and milk) in which they are dimer and are monomer in blood. They constitute 10-15% of the proteins. They also have a J chain and secretory piece. Their half-life is 6-8 days.
The secretory piece protects the Ig from enzymes and juices
Complement activation by alternate pathway
Promote phagocytosis
Intracellular microorganism killing
First line of defense against some microbes
Immunoglobulin E is a dimer similar to IgG. This is present in low concentrations (about 0.3) and has the weight of about 1,90,000. These have a half-life of about 2 days and can become inactivated at 56 C.
Present extra-cellularly
Associated with allergic reactions like asthma, hay fever and anaphylactic shock
Bind with the Fc of mast cells and basophils resulting in degranulation and release histamine which causes allergy
Mediate the some immunity reactions
No complement activation
Provide immunity against helminthes
The last is immunoglobulin D. It is present in low concentrations and on the surface of B lymphocytes. They constitute 0.2% of proteins. They have a half-life of 3 days. The IgM and IgD bind on the B lymphocyte to help in antigen identification.
Hence these were the different types of immunoglobulins and the mechanisms by which they help with immunity. The next article is about the process of inflammation.
The previous article was about the different types of immune cells. This article is about a special molecule in immunity known as immunoglobulin.
There might be a question that what is so special about this immunoglobulin. There is a reason for this. These molecules play an important and inevitable role in the phagocytosis of pathogens. To understand this, it is essential to know about immunoglobulins.
The immunoglobulin is a gamma globulin, a specialized group of proteins (glycoprotein) produced in response to pathogens. It is produced by the plasma cells (a globulin protein present in the plasma). These constitute 25-30% of the blood proteins.
There are two important terms that are more commonly known by the most, they are the antigen and the antibody. The antigen is the molecule present on the surface of the pathogen and can stimulate an immune response. There is a small part of the antigen called the epitope which interacts with the antibody. The epitope is known as the antigen determinant site. An antigen can have unlimited epitopes.
On the contrary, the antibody is the molecule produced in response to the antigen in order to kick it away. The part of the antibody which interacts with the antigen is called a paratope. An antibody must have at least 2 paratopes. These antibodies belong to the immunoglobulins. All antibodies are immunoglobulins but not immunoglobulins are antibodies. To understand how the antibody helps in immunity, it is essential to understand the structure of an antibody/immunoglobulin. The image below shows the general structure of an immunoglobulin:-
There are two chains in an immunoglobulin namely the light chain and heavy chain. The light chain has 212 amino acids (the building block of protein) and the heavy chain has 450 amino acids. Each chain has two types namely the constant and variable. These regions are based on the amino acid sequences. Half of the light chain (1 out of 2) is constant and the rest is variable. A quarter of the heavy chain (1 out of 4) is variable and the rest is constant. These are linked by two types of sulfide bonds namely the intra (H-H AND L-L) and inter (H-L). These molecules contain carbohydrates (CHO) hence these are called as glycoproteins.
The tip of the variable regions of the heavy and light chain is hypervariable in nature and these constitute the antigen-binding site (Fab). These are hyper-variable because they have to produce amino acid sequences complementary to that of the antigen so that they can interact together. The other site is called a crystallizable region (Fc).
Having known all this, now it will be convenient to explain the process by which the antibody plays in the prevention of infections.
There are millions of substances that pass through the blood every day. So there must be a criterion/substance to identify them whether they are pathogenic. This is where antigen comes to play. These antigens present on the surface of the pathogens alert the immune system which then identifies this as a pathogen. So in response to the antigen, a suitable antibody is secreted and deployed to the target site. On reaching the antigen, the Fab region binds with the antigen.
The ultimate aim of the immune system is to abolish the pathogen and one way is by phagocytosing them. This is done by the macrophages. But it is essential for them to identify the substance before engulfing it. This is where the antibody comes to play. The Fc region of the antibody combines with the receptor of the macrophage. This facilitates the process of phagocytosis.
Hence the antibody acts like a bridge between the source (antigen) and the destination (macrophage) aiding in phagocytosis. This is essential because in most of the cases the macrophages, it is difficult to identify the non-self-objects and this is where antibody helps.
In the case of the new pathogen, the antigen is new, and therefore their might not be a suitable antibody. In that case, the macrophage cannot phagocytocise the pathogen and it reigns in the body causing infection and disease.
The next article is about the types of immunoglobulins.
The previous article was about the different types of immune cells. This article is about a special molecule in immunity known as immunoglobulin.
There might be a question that what is so special about this immunoglobulin. There is a reason for this. These molecules play an important and inevitable role in the phagocytosis of pathogens. To understand this, it is essential to know about immunoglobulins.
The immunoglobulin is a gamma globulin, a specialized group of proteins (glycoprotein) produced in response to pathogens. It is produced by the plasma cells (a globulin protein present in the plasma). These constitute 25-30% of the blood proteins.
There are two important terms that are more commonly known by the most, they are the antigen and the antibody. The antigen is the molecule present on the surface of the pathogen and can stimulate an immune response. There is a small part of the antigen called the epitope which interacts with the antibody. The epitope is known as the antigen determinant site. An antigen can have unlimited epitopes.
On the contrary, the antibody is the molecule produced in response to the antigen in order to kick it away. The part of the antibody which interacts with the antigen is called a paratope. An antibody must have at least 2 paratopes. These antibodies belong to the immunoglobulins. All antibodies are immunoglobulins but not immunoglobulins are antibodies. To understand how the antibody helps in immunity, it is essential to understand the structure of an antibody/immunoglobulin. The image below shows the general structure of an immunoglobulin:-
There are two chains in an immunoglobulin namely the light chain and heavy chain. The light chain has 212 amino acids (the building block of protein) and the heavy chain has 450 amino acids. Each chain has two types namely the constant and variable. These regions are based on the amino acid sequences. Half of the light chain (1 out of 2) is constant and the rest is variable. A quarter of the heavy chain (1 out of 4) is variable and the rest is constant. These are linked by two types of sulfide bonds namely the intra (H-H AND L-L) and inter (H-L). These molecules contain carbohydrates (CHO) hence these are called as glycoproteins.
The tip of the variable regions of the heavy and light chain is hypervariable in nature and these constitute the antigen-binding site (Fab). These are hyper-variable because they have to produce amino acid sequences complementary to that of the antigen so that they can interact together. The other site is called a crystallizable region (Fc).
Having known all this, now it will be convenient to explain the process by which the antibody plays in the prevention of infections.
There are millions of substances that pass through the blood every day. So there must be a criterion/substance to identify them whether they are pathogenic. This is where antigen comes to play. These antigens present on the surface of the pathogens alert the immune system which then identifies this as a pathogen. So in response to the antigen, a suitable antibody is secreted and deployed to the target site. On reaching the antigen, the Fab region binds with the antigen.
The ultimate aim of the immune system is to abolish the pathogen and one way is by phagocytosing them. This is done by the macrophages. But it is essential for them to identify the substance before engulfing it. This is where the antibody comes to play. The Fc region of the antibody combines with the receptor of the macrophage. This facilitates the process of phagocytosis.
Hence the antibody acts like a bridge between the source (antigen) and the destination (macrophage) aiding in phagocytosis. This is essential because in most of the cases the macrophages, it is difficult to identify the non-self-objects and this is where antibody helps.
In the case of the new pathogen, the antigen is new, and therefore their might not be a suitable antibody. In that case, the macrophage cannot phagocytocise the pathogen and it reigns in the body causing infection and disease.
The next article is about the types of immunoglobulins.
Korean television series are made in South Korea. The first Korean series was published by Korean Broadcasting System in 1962. Korean drama divides into different categories such as historical dramas, school dramas, action dramas, legal dramas, or horror comedies. Most of the series focusing on romance, family values, friendship, and deeply emotional stories. But nowadays, this industry releases social issues based on Korean drama like gender inequality, suicide and corruption, and many more.
Unique features of Korean drama
Its unique storylines make Korean drama the best in the world. Korean series is creative and full of twists, that maintain secrecy in the story. Modern series generally contain 12 to 24 episodes of 60 minutes each. But in the case of historical series, it rises to 200 episodes. All series are usually carried one season. Many Korean dramas are shot within a compact timetable. Its screenplays are changing frequently depending on the viewer’s feedback. A single director and a single screenwriter are involved in making a series that distinguish Korean drama from other television series. Korean drama is produced by television channels. The first four episodes were shot in advance and the rest episodes are shot one by one after the four-episode was released.
Broadcast Platforms
Its broadcast time is scheduled between 22:00 to 23:00. Most of the Korean drama aired on the Total Variety Network(TVN), Orion Cinema Network(OCN), Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation(MBC), Seoul Broadcasting System(SBS), Korean Broadcasting System(KBS). The evening slot is fixed for daily drama between 19:00 to 20:00. With the rise in popularity of Korean series internationally, many streaming platforms are run Korean drama like Amazon Prime, Asian Crush, Netflix, We TV, Hulu, VIU, Iflix, Kocowa, etc.
Why Korean Drama is popular?
Eccentric Story
It is popular internationally day by day due to the scripts are well written. They use kissing scenes with so much importance. The Korean series characters are outstandingly realistic that every viewer feels the same emotion and vibe which the actors are portraying on the screen. Korean series has a limited number of episodes, so a viewer can never bore. The storylines make the viewer connected till the end. Rich guy poor girl romance and their parents are against that, these types of plots are very famous among the young generation nowadays. Korean drama is so well constructed and structured that every young generation expects Korean romance in real life. It is the impact of the best story, screenplay, and brilliant acting. Korean love stories are the best cute love story in the world. It is not like the other stories that are full of actions, it depicts the bonding with each other.
Fresh Sound Track
Original Sound Track is specially made for each series. Those soundtracks are from EXO, TWICE, BLACKPINK, BTS, etc.
Ethics
Korean drama shows the values in compared to other dramas like respecting elders, polite to everyone. Korean cultures are famous worldwide for their unique presence of characters on screen. Korean dramas are shot with the beautiful locations and sites of Korea.
Family Show
Korean series is family-friendly. You can never feel bad while watching with family members and elders. Its series is rarely adult content or using any abusive language.
Fashion and Beauty
Korean fashion is now a trend all over the world. Korean actors and actresses always look simple, stylish, and fashionable. Their outfits are distinguishing from others. Their dressing sense makes them more cute and classy. They counted as trendy people in the world. Korean actor’s and actresses’ beauty standards are very high and attractive.
Looking for resources to read eBooks during this lock down period? Here are some great open libraries you can find online for free books to read.
Reading is definitely one of the greatest pleasures of life. Online libraries are currently attracting a lot of eyes, especially with most of the countries under lock down because of a massive outbreak of a deadly virus, which is affecting more and more people with each passing day. Ever wondered how these online libraries work? It is pretty simple and not so different from traditional libraries. These online libraries have a collection of books and reading materials from different publications in electronic formats, which can be accessed easily. Most of these open online libraries require you to sign up, look for the desired book or source or material and lets you download it or read it online.
To help you curb your boredom and get access to books from the comforts of your home, during this lock down period, we have a list of our top picks for online libraries that you can access with a simple click.
Project Gutenburg
A volunteer effort to preserve and archive important cultural works and digitize them for being available online, Project Gutenburg works for encouraging the preservation, creation and also, distribution of eBooks on an online platform. Majority of the sources that you will find here in the collection are complete texts from public domain books. Now offering more than 59,000 eBooks online for free, Project Gutenburg can be used and accessed from any of your devices.
Questia
Questia is a great source of research and paper writing projects which is available online. It has helped many students with citation from high standard scholarly articles and research paper to use for their own research. You can find a wide of range of papers on subjects related to humanities and social sciences and it provides you with the complete sources and resources you need to fulfill your coursework or project.
Read Print
Read Print is another online open library which provides thousands of eBooks archives for reading enthusiasts, students, teachers and everyone else. It enables the readers and users to choose from a collection of over 8000 books and also lets the readers make their own bookshelves with their personal ratings and reviews and also form reading groups with people having interests similar to theirs. It was also on the list of TIME Magazine’s 50 best websites in the year 2010.
Open Library
Open Library is an online project that intends to create a web page for every book that was ever published, giving the readers access to several public domains and many out of print books. Their main aim is to let people have access to all the published works of people available to anyone and everyone around the world. It is an initiative by Internet Archive, a non profit organization, which is also #7 on our list of top open libraries online.
Classic Reader
From Shakespeare to Austen and Dickens to Edgar Allen Poe, Classic Reader online library offers you with a wide range of thousands of classics of literature including poems, plays, dramas and short stories. You can not only find and read your favourite classics and short stories, but also you can add your own annotations to the books available online on classicreader.com.
The Literature Network
The Literature Network, as the name suggests, provides students as well as other reading enthusiasts with a range of 3500 literature books available online. To start finding the piece of literature you want, you can begin to search through the author index. They also have a large collection of short stories at your disposal, a quiz system featuring more than 300 quizzes and database of quotes and quotations which has about 9000 quote available. You can also join Literature forums and ask questions, which can be answered by anyone from the thousands of members who are part of this network.
Internet Archive
Internet Archive is a non profit organization, which is available for free of cost and provides the readers and users with an extensive range of much more beyond just books. You can find music, movies, sources, websites, software and much more. It provides people with access to a massive database of free information that is available online by catering to millions of people every day and is also considered to be one of the top 300 websites around the world.
The Online Books Page
The Online Books Page, as the name, is a website that gives the readers access to a variety of books that are available to be read freely, on the internet. It focuses on developing eBooks and online reading resources for the benefit of all people. Their long list of available resources and books is completely free and can be used for non commercial purposes. It has a collection of over 2 million sources and works, available to the readers in various media formats.
Classic Bookshelf
With a simple web page format and a reading app, Classic Bookshelf brings to you a collection of hundreds of classics and timeless wonders of literature across decades, available online with easy access. You can also take reference from its ratings and reviews to find the most popular books at regular intervals.
Chest of Books
The Chest of Books website has put in great effort in converting texts into eBooks and carefully proofreading and scanning them for the benefit and pleasure of the readers and the website users. It presents you with a variety of online books available from different fields or topics such as Art, Finance, Health, Business and many more.
We hope that this list of our top picks come handy to all reading enthusiasts and help their life in this lock down a little better. Do let us know if we missed out any online libraries from the list, or if you would like to review any of these that you may have used before!
What does this mean? What are its implications? How its going to affect India among other nations?
If you’re a firm that makes tremendous profits year after year by moving money to low-tax jurisdictions, you’re in for some unpleasant news.
Gone are the days when you could produce a lot of money from both tangible and intangible sources, move your money from high-tax countries to low- or no-tax countries, and enjoy the numerous delights of money.
The finance ministers of the world’s seven richest and most affluent countries met in London to continue their ongoing conversation about the global problem of multinational firms evading taxes. The meeting resulted in the ministers agreeing to a minimum global company tax rate of at least 15% at the same table. “After years of discussion,G7 Finance Ministers have reached a historic agreement to reform the global tax system to make it for global digital age”. British finance minister Rishi Sunak told reporters when asked about the same. He expressed gratitude to all of his G7 counterparts for finally being able to reach a historic landmark agreement that would tackle the issue of profit shifting by various firms.
The idea of a global minimum corporate tax isn’t new; there have been discussions about it before, but it has only recently gained traction as one of the world’s major leaders, the United States of America, has been attempting to deal with massive amounts of tax evasion by large American corporations such as Facebook and Amazon,and in same context, US Secretary of the treasury Jane Yellen reiterated the positive implications of having this minimum corporate tax accepted globally. Furthermore, the Biden administration has increased the corporate tax rate from 21% to 28%, and with such high tax rates, multinational firms will seek to open headquarters in nations where they will have to spend much less, resulting in a significant revenue loss for the US.
What does it mean?
As the name implies, the global minimum corporate tax (GMCT) is a tax that will be imposed on businesses and corporations all over the world; no country will be able to keep its corporate tax rates below the suggested minimum of 15%. This is the bare minimum that all governments must adhere to; there is no upper limit to such levies.
Why is it being proposed?
Corporate taxes account for a significant portion of a country’s total revenue. A nation must ensure the social welfare of its residents, which necessitates the expenditure of funds to invest in infrastructure, which will in turn provide jobs for its citizens. It can raise the funds it requires through a variety of methods, including borrowing from international financial institutions and borrowing from the general public. The revenue obtained by the first two methods creates an obligation for the country, but there is no such responsibility in the case of taxes. It is for this reason that taxes are essential for any country to meet its obligations.
Big businesses earn a lot of money and are continually looking for methods to avoid paying higher taxes. If the countries in which they primarily operate impose greater taxes, they attempt to shift their profits to low-tax jurisdictions such as Ireland (12.5 percent tax rate), the Bahamas (0% tax rate), and so on. As a result, their home countries receive less money, while lower tax jurisdictions receive more. According to the Tax Justice Network, the US Treasury loses roughly $50 billion each year as a result of the massive amount of Base Erosion Shifting System. Germany and France are also among the top losers, according to the same analysis.
This concept of a global minimum corporate tax rate was proposed in order to force multinational corporations to pay taxes in the countries where their businesses operate. Having a global minimum tax will ensure that these large corporations do not engage in profit shifting and tax evasion strategies, as well as that they do not compromise on innovation and the use of newly created technologies.
How will it be implemented?
Assume there is a country A with a 15% effective corporate tax rate, i.e. the GMCT, and another country B with a 5% effective corporate tax rate. For a corporation operating in nation A, a tax rate of only 5% would be an appealing force, and it would strive to discover ways to shift its profits to country B in order to avoid paying higher taxes. Opening subsidiaries in another country is one technique for a country to move its earnings to another country. As a result, firm A will establish a subsidiary in Country B and transfer a significant portion of its profit from activities in Country A to Country B. Now, if the subsidiary makes a profit of 100 crores, it will only have to pay taxes of 5%, that is, 5 crores. Following the implementation of the worldwide minimum corporation tax rate, country A can reduce 5 percent (tax in country B) from 15 percent (tax in country A) and require the firm to pay the resulting tax at the rate of 15-5=10% to the home country.
What are its implications?
The proposed global minimum business tax has both favorable and unfavorable consequences. The following are some of the advantages:
Increased accountability of the global corporations.
Transparency in the system.
Increased employment opportunities in the traditional country.
Increased capital formation in the home country.
Reduced liabilities for a nation, liabilities created by internal and external borrowings.
Negative Implications:-
The investments made my these big multinational companies in lower tax countries are the major source of revenue of those nations. Implementing minimum tax rate would take away a major part of their revenue.
A number of employment opportunities are created by companies in poor countries, implementation of new tax regime will devoid them of such opportunities.
Foreign direct Investment(FDI) to poor countries will reduce, making it difficult for them to fulfill their import needs.
The problem of avoiding the payment of taxes by rampant exploitation of loopholes will still remain.
Tax collection is a sovereign right of any nation, that makes it more difficult for making all the nations agree on this
proposal.
What are the challenges in its implementation?
As already mentioned above, the profits that MNCs shift to lower tax jurisdictions result in creation of newer employment opportunities in such countries and this in turn ensure the welfare of its citizens. A number of poor countries don’t have enough resources to raise money for infrastructure development, the investments made by global companies provide them money to develop required infrastructure and to ensure the fulfillment of other requirements. Considering the importance of such investments in poor countries, its challenging to get them on board.
Countries such as Ireland, Bahamas, Bermuda and Caribbean nations have benefited to a large extent from the ongoing profit shifting system and its not easy to make all of them agree on foregoing a large amount of money.
Another global power apart from USA, i.e., China would also pose difficulty in its implementation as Hong-Kong is one of the major tax havens and generates money through foreign direct investments. Also, there is major trade war going on between China and USA and China would not so easily bend down to something proposed by US.
How it is going to affect India?
India too isn’t immune to the huge loss caused by the tax evasions of its corporations. According to Tax Justice Network, based in U.K., India loses $10.3 annually to the global tax abuse by multinational corporations. So, the implementation of proposed tax system would mean increased revenue for the government of India and reduction in huge borrowings done by the government.
According to a report brought out by Press Trust of India, the experts in tax domain believe that India will be most likely benefiting from the GMCT as the effective corporate tax rate in India is 22%, much less than the proposed minimum tax rate of 15% and so India will keep attracting the global companies to come and invest in the country. Also, according to Rakesh Nangia, the chairman of Nangia Andersen India, the major points of attraction in India for Big MNCs are its large internal market, quality labor at cheap rates, strategic locations for exports and a prospering private sector. So, overall, India won’t be much affected even if the implementation of global corporate minimum tax comes into force.
On the other hand, there are prevailing concerns in India that a lot of companies such as e-commerce ones have a “significant presence in India” but still do not pay taxes to the country. And for this only. the country advocated the idea of implementing ” equalization levy” in 2016. Post 2016, this concept of equalization levy has been extended to e-commerce companies as well. The levy aimed at taxing the income earned by such multinational companies who don’t have any permanent physical presence in India but generate huge amount of income from the country.
India has also signed a pact with US for the exchange of country by country report(cbc), through which if there is any US company operating in India through its subsidiaries, it would provide reports about its total revenue to US administration and US will in turn, provide the same to India so that India can tax the generated income according to its tax rates.
India has also implemented the Multilateral Convention to implement Tax Treaty related measures to prevent Base Erosion profit shifting and ratified the same.
India already has implemented above discussed reforms in order to ensure the payment of required taxes from global companies. Considering this, India need to be careful of not driving these companies away from India because of a large number of already existing regulations.
The landmark deal will be discussed once again in the presence of all the countries constituting the group of 20 (G-20) and based on those discussions, further implementation challenges will be worked upon.
With its vast array of islands, mountains and mega metropolises, one can simply not pick out 10 top places to visit in Asia. However, we’ve done our best to curate a list that caters to your needs, bringing you the best places in Asia to enjoy your vacation to the fullest. Pack your bags, pick your destination, follow this guide and find out the miracle that Asia is!
The best time to visit Asian countries is between November and March, when the temperature is moderate in most countries and festivals and carnivals are ongoing in most. This time period is mostly ideal for Southeast Asian countries, including Maldives and Thailand.
1. Maldives
Maldives tops the list of the ten best places to visit in Asia, for its picturesque location, scenic beauty and variety of fun activities available make it absolutely irresistible. The beauty of Maldives is unbelievable; we’ve all come across it and wondered how something so astonishing be real. With its breath-taking sunsets and sunrises, white sand beaches and striking blue water and coral reefs, Maldives in itself is the complete package.
Maldives is divided into several islands, some of which remain public while some others have been converted into private islands. While the former are somewhat budget-friendly, the latter home heavily expensive activities and the world-famous Water Villas, which open right into the endless ocean. After getting down at the Velana International Airport in Male (the Capital city), one can either take a speedboat to one of the islands or a sea plane to one of the private islands.
The island nation of Maldives is especially a favourite amongst honeymooners, as the seclusion and gorgeous location provide a beautiful background to a romantic trip. Adventurers are also sure to have a ton of fun, with activities like Jet-skiing, Scuba Diving, Rafting, and especially Snorkelling readily available.
Best Time to Visit Maldives
The best time to visit Maldives is between April and November, when there is little precipitation and warm temperature.
Best Hotels in Maldives
Vivanta by Taj Coral Reef, Maldives
PER AQUUM Huaven Fushi
Taj Exotica Resort and Spa
Adaaran Prestige Water Villas
Anantara Veli Maldives Resort
Top Things to do in Maldives
Relax at the white sandy Maldivian beaches
Tour the capital city of Male, including sites like Republic Square, the National Museum and Sultan Park
Enjoy adventure activities like Snorkelling, Scuba Diving, and Parasailing
Visit the Male fish market to get a glimpse of Maldives’ daily life
Book a spa treatment at one of the many glamourous Spa Centres.
2. Tokyo
Crazy about anime, the city of Tokyo looks like it has been made out of a cartoon book itself. This mega city in Japan is constantly buzzing with movement, be it people or vehicles. The museums and historical sites located in Tokyo are world-class- one can take photos and enjoy sushi, or find a superb backdrop against the Cherry Blossom trees in the right season!
An extremely safe city, one can travel around Tokyo and enjoy how life is always in motion through its subway. However, there are very high chances that one may be tempted to enjoy the hustle and bustle of the city on foot!
Best Time to Visit Tokyo
Tokyo can be best enjoyed in the months of March, April, September and November. Autumn is the best time for experiencing the full potential of Tokyo, as the city is at its best in terms of colour and comfort.
Best Hotels in Tokyo
Comfort Hotel Tokyo Kanda
Comfort Hotel Tokyo Higashi Nihombashi
Hotel Rose Garden Shinjuku
Conrad Tokyo
Four Seasons Hotel Tokyo at Marunouchi
Top Things to do in Tokyo:
Visit the Tokyo National Museum to learn about Japanese history
Check out the unique architecture at the Meiji Shrine
Visit the Sensoji Temple, the oldest religious site in Tokyo
Spend time at Odaiba, the mini-island located at Tokyo Bay; a hub of entertainment
Catch the exciting interactive displays available at the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation
3. Phuket
Not just home to a varied landscape comprising of beaches, aquamarine waters and limestone cliffs, Phuket also boasts of a flavourful cuisine and its rich culture. This island is one of the most budget-friendly options for spending your vacations, requiring only moderate charges for everything, be it boat rides, accommodation or spa treatments.
Surrounded by the Andaman Sea, Phuket is located only an hour away from Bangkok. Remembering the tsunami that hit the beautiful island back in 2004, Phuket remembers everything with memorials and a stricter protection system.
Best Time to Visit Phuket
The months between November and April are ideal for travelling to Phuket and enjoying water activities like boating and swimming. While the low prices during the monsoon months (May to October) might be tempting, the water conditions during this time can be dangerous.
Best Hotels in Phuket:
Andara Resort Villas
Trisara Villas and Residences Phuket
Jasmine House
Ibis Phuket Kata
Metropole Hotel Phuket
Top Things to do in Phuket:
Catch an amazing view of the Andaman Sea from Phuket’s southernmost point, Promthep Cape
Enjoy a bird-eye view of the Kata Bay, Karon Strand and Chalong Bay from the giant Big Buddha statue
Feast at the authentic collection of restaurants near the Nai Harn Beach, the southernmost strip of sand in Phuket
Spend time with furry buddies at the Soi Dog Foundation, an innovative rescue shelter for cats and dogs.
Go snorkelling and boating on the Phuket Boat Tours
4. Bali
Bali is the perfect definition of heaven on earth. Accommodating every traveller, from one travelling on budget to one travelling in luxury, Bali manages to make one feel at home even though they are far away from it. Those interested in its vast history are keen to travel to its many temples, while the adventurers find themselves en route the active volcano in Kintamani. The town of Kuta, on the other hand, provides a perfect setting for enjoying the Bali nightlife.
Best Time to Visit Bali
The island’s dry season i.e. the months between April and October are most comfortable for those willing to enjoy the beaches.
Best Hotels in Bali
Capella Ubud
Four Seasons Resort Bali at Sayan
Ida Hotel
AlamKulKul Boutique Resort, Kuta
Mercure Resort, Sanur
Top Things to do in Bali
Offer prayers at the active prayer temple, Tirta Empul Temple
Rave about the stunning cliffside locale, beautiful architecture and the sound of waves down below the Uluwatu Temple
Enjoy the sunset from Tanah Lot Temple, also a stunning religious complex
Feast on the succulent seafood and relax on the sandy shoreline of Jimbaran, one of Bali’s most luxurious destinations
Explore through Kuta, Bali’s most popular beach town, for a variety of brilliant restaurants, bars, stores, spas and water parks.
5. Hong Kong
Hong Kong boasts of a vibrant, multifaceted culture and stunning cityscape. This British-Chinese hybrid sees both dense skyscrapers and lush landscapes. As a world-class metropolis, Hong Kong has numerous urban divisions, like culinary hot spots and museums. It also offers both sandy beaches and rugby pitches to all its visitors.
Best Time to Visit Hong Kong
The period between October and December offers comfortable temperatures along with reasonable room rates. Post New Year’s, visiting Hong Kong gets significantly pricey.
Best Hotels in Hong Kong
Rambler Oasis Hotel
Silka Far East Hotel
Regal Riverside Hotel
Cordis Hong Kong at Langham Place
Mandarin Oriental
Top Things to Do in Hong Kong
Enjoy the scenic route around the city by travelling in the Star Ferry
View the entire city from its highest point, the Victoria Peak
Go on a shopping spree at the Street Markets
Gamble (legally!) at the Happy Valley Racecourse
Watch the majestic Hong Kong line without obstructions from the Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade
6. Kyoto
Kyoto provides tourists with a snapshot of Imperial Japan; right from its cherry blossom trees to a pair of elegantly dressed geisha flitting between wooden tea houses. However, it’s not just a dainty old town- Kyoto has its own fair share of glimpses of a newer Japan. Be it century old Shinto shrines or the headquarters of companies like Nintendo and Kyocera, Kyoto stands out as a combination of ancient and contemporary, and shines vibrantly, that has certainly moved on from its predecessor.
Best Time to Visit Kyoto
The months between March and May, along with between September and November, make up the best time to visit Kyoto, since the weather is at its mildest. However, this time also draws tourists in huge crowds, most of who visit in anticipation of the blooming cherry blossoms.
Best Hotels in Kyoto
Four Seasons Hotel
Suiran- A Luxury Collection Hotel
The Ritz-Carlton
Hotel Granvia
Hyatt Regency
Top Things to do in Kyoto
Witness the 10,000 red and orange lacquered torii gates at the Fushimi Inari Shrine
Enjoy the natural scenery from the Kiyomizu Temple
Experience the historic features (tea houses, willow-lined roads etc.) of the Gion neighbourhood
Admire the cherry blossom trees from the quaint Arashiyama neighbourhood
Shop for traditional Japanese cuisine at the Nishiki Market
7. Singapore
This modern Asian metropolis maintains a balance of green belts and skyscrapers. In addition to this, it has also managed to sustain substantial ethnic enclaves like Chinatown and Little India. However, Singapore, in spite of being modern in its approach, has managed to preserve large wetlands.
Best Time to Visit Singapore
The best time to visit Singapore is anytime, as the island nation experiences a warm, tropical climate year-round. However, one must beware that it rains all throughout the year.
Best Hotels in Singapore
The Fullerton Bay Hotels
Ascott Raffles Place
Capella
Conrad Centennial
Crowne Plaza Changi Airport
Top Things to do in Singapore
Skip the trek and enjoy the urban jungle of Gardens by the Bay
Entertain yourself at numerous points of interest like the Art & Science Museum and the Float at Marina Bay.
Enjoy nature at the Singapore Botanic Gardens
Witness the indoor waterfall at Cloud Forest
Eat out at the various eateries and food stalls in Chinatown
8. Bangkok
Bangkok is one city with a dynamic environment; the contrast in its settings is quite chaotic. Most people visiting Bangkok for the first time feel like it is trapped between the past and the present, with both ancient temples and modern shopping malls lining up the streets of Thailand’s capital.
The exhilarating city of Bangkok is sure to take a toll on its visitors; the hot weather is consistent and the city is full of crowds. However, the grass is greener on the other side, and in this case, it is in the form of numerous attractions sure to leave you flabbergasted- the world’s largest open-air market, a world-class aquarium built inside an eight-level shopping mall and a 150-feet golden Buddha statue, to name a few. Bangkok has a certain ‘delightful incongruity’ to offer, so stay ready for surprises!
Best Time to Visit Bangkok
The best time to visit Bangkok, weather-wise, is between November and March because heat and humidity at this time are at their lowest. However, a trip between April and October, in spite of being the hottest time with heavy rainfall, can offer you wonderful deals on airfare and hotels. An added advantage is less footfall, so one can be saved from excessive crowding.
Best Hotels in Bangkok
New Empire Hotel
Rembrandt Towers Serviced Apartments
Grand Inn Hotel
The Okura Prestige
The Siam
Top Things to do in Bangkok
Behold the Wat Arun Temple at dawn or sunset
Witness the infamous ‘reclining Buddha’ at the Wat Pho Temple
Shop for a multitude of goods at the mammoth Chatuchak Weekend Market
Visit the beautiful Grand Palace, which has been home to numerous Thai Kings
Enjoy the contemporary architecture found at the Bangkok Art and Culture Centre
9. Seoul
The city of Seoul, characterized by stunning architecture, vibrant culture and a thriving economy, is resilient in nature. Congruent to its flag which represents ‘balance’, Seoul seems to be moving fast into the future; however, it has also managed to maintain ties with its rich history. One can find relics of Seoul’s past tucked between the vast shopping districts and lively nightlife zones.
Seoul offers a playful blend of the past and the present- the two do not overlap, rather complement each other. It boasts of the oldest and largest of the five Joseon Dynasty palaces in the city, Gyeongbok Palace. On the other hand, Seoul is also home to Buckon Village, which comprises of one-story wooden homes surrounded by high-rises. This provides a clear picture of the varied architecture present in Seoul.
Best Time to Visit Seoul
The best time to visit Seoul includes the months between March and May, and between September and November. The weather in these months is mild, and travel expenses are not very high. Those in search of a snowy vacation can also choose to visit between December and February.
Best Hotels in Seoul
JW Marriott Hotel
Banyan Tree Club and Spa
Grand Intercontinental Seoul Parnas
Grand Walkerhill
Mayfield Hotel and Resort
Top Things to do in Seoul
Visit the Namsan Park and N Seoul Tower for a panoramic view of Seoul
Take a stroll through the traditional Korean homes known as hanoks at the Bukchon Hanok Village
Hike to the mountainous Bukhansan National Park
Witness the youth culture of Seoul at Hongdae, through its plethora of bars, clubs, restaurants and cafes
Shop for hanbok (traditional Indian clothing), herbal teas and calligraphy supplies from the Insadong neighbourhood
10. Shanghai
The city of Shanghai is in a state of constant change; thus, get ready to say goodbye to monotony! Celebrating its prosperity with monumental industries like that of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Shanghai can be defined as China’s most dynamic metropolis.
However, one may find themselves getting lost in this city full of towering skyscrapers and bustling traffic. To prevent the place from feeling inaccessible and impersonal, one must do things that curtail to the ‘real’ Shanghai natives. Discover dining gems at the convoluted Zhujiajiao, find a calm spot at the Bund and reflect at the beautiful Jade Buddha Temple. To enjoy the vibrancy of Shanghai, create your own!
Best Time to Visit Shanghai
The months of October-November are ideal for visiting Shanghai. These short autumn months provide for the comfortable weather and minimal crowds. It also allows one to escape the crowds and rain showers generally witnessed during summer, which is the peak season. Weekend stays at hotels are comparatively cheaper, since Shanghai is a business-centric city.
Best Hotels in Shanghai:
Fairmont Peace Hotel
Grand Kempinski Hotel
Kerry Hotel Pudong
Pudong Shangri-La East Shanghai
The Langham, Shanghai, Xintiandi
Top Things to do in Shanghai:
Take beautiful pictures against the classic Shanghai skyline and water front at the infamous Bund
Witness the distinct architecture of the Shanghai Museum
Enjoy a boat ride and eat at tiny cafes located in the ancient water town of Zhujajiao
Catch a bird-eye view of the entire city from one of the tallest buildings in the world, the Shanghai World Financial Centre
Visit the oldest and largest religious complex of Shanghai, the Longhua Temple
Here are the top 10 places to visit in Asia. Each one of these places have a wonderful aura and charm about themselves, and must be enjoyed to the fullest. So, pack your bags, pick up this tour guide, and plan a vacation for yourself, your friends and your family to make a bucketful of memories!
You can save yourself from lots of problems if you learn just one thing which is “a way to say no”. Yeah, I am not asking you to be harsh by saying a hard no but if you can be honest with people about how you feel about something and tell them you can’t do something, it will save you a lot of time and energy.
We often tend to accept anything that people tell us because for us it may be hard to say no to their face or we don’t know how to be honest with them. This one simple thing will change your life. We don’t have to please people every time, in fact it is impossible to satisfy everyone around us and make them happy. Sometimes we have to stand for ourselves and think about our own good and peace.
I want you to pause here and think about the times when people said “no” to you. Why did they not hesitate to say “no”? Did you feel awfully bad when they don’t say yes to you? No, right? You are not hurting others by saying no, you are just looking after yourself when you do that. So there is absolutely no reason to feel bad about saying no.
Nobody can be nice all the time and you are simply hurting yourself by attempting to be one. You are not always responsible for others well being and happiness. I have caught myself saying yes when I was so not interested in doing something or even when I was busy I refused to say no.
This is actually a serious problem, when you put your mental health at risk and accept everyone’s request around you, it will definitely make you feel bad and sometimes people won’t even consider your efforts or in what position you are when you accept their requests so I would say anything that costs your mental health is not worth it.
The bottom line is, if you don’t want it, don’t do it. Being nice will allow some toxic people to get advantage on you. They will think “he/she will never say no so we can use them to complete the work”. I am sure you don’t want to be treated this way. For that, you should learn to put your priorities first before pleasing others. Learning this will benefit you in lot of ways by hurting no one. But every time you say yes, you are hurting yourself. “Saying no is one of the best forms of self-care we can engage in” Washington says. When you say no, you let people know that you are strong enough to put your thoughts first and that you are not there to please anyone. Also you are not hurting the other person. Most times the person is going to understand your situation.
How to say no?
It is not as simple as it sounds but once you start doing it. you will feel really good about yourself.
Imagine, someone comes to you and asks for some help. But you are busy at the moment and you have lot other works. You really want to help that person but you can’t. You can tell the person, “I really wish I could help but sorry I can’t, I have to do another work”. Saying this simply makes it all easier than saying yes to anything that comes to you.
Practice it every time when you really want to say “no” to save yourself from any big responsibilities.
When the clocks strikes 12 on August 15, the unforgettable day in the minds of Indians. The day we broke the shackles of colonialism and breathe the air of freedom. The occasion to celebrate the countless sacrifices,sweat and blood of our freedom fighters. Let the idea of India be a timeless, tricolor dream. Let’s hoist the flag of dedication to that dream.
Let’s salute our great nation on its Independence Day! I hope you all feel grateful for the freedom you have and are proud of the nation you were born to. “Jai Hind!”
Be Here’s to the future full of understanding, appreciation and gratitude. Today let us take some time to value our nation and never forget the sacrifices from those who gave us freedom. May your spirits rise with the flag today! Happy Independence Day!
Quotes for tribute of 15th August.
“Sare Jahan Se Achha Hindustan Hamara” – Muhammad Iqbal
“Vande Mataram” – Bankim Chandra Chatterjee “Swaraj mera janamsiddh adhikar hai, aur mai ise lekar rahuga” – Bal Gangadhar Tilak “Satyameva Jayate” – Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya “Khoon se khelenge Holi gar Vatan mushkil main hai” – Ashfaqullah Khan
Stratification analysis is a quality assurance tool used to sort data, object, and people into separate and distinct group.
2. Histogram:
quality professional are often tasked with analyzing and interpreting the behavior of different group of data in an effort to manage quality.
this is where quality control tools like the histogram come into play.
3. Check sheet:
check sheets can be used to collect quantitative or qualitative data. When used to collect quantitative data, they can be called a tally sheet.
4 cause-and-effect diagram:
Introduced by karoru Ishikawa, the fishbone diagram helps users identify the various factors leading to an effect, usually depicted as a problem to be solved.
5 Pareto chart:
As a quality control tool, the Pareto chart operates accounting to the 80-20rule.
This rule assume that in any process, 80% of a process’s or system’ s problem ate caused by 20% of major factor, often referred to as the ” Vital few”.
6. Scatter diagram:
out of the seven quality tools, the scatter diagram is most useful in depicting the relationship between two variable which is ideal for quality assurance professional Trying to identify cause and effect relationship.
7. Control charts:
The control chart is a graph used to study how a central a process change over time,. Data are plotted on time.
A control chart always has a central line for the average charts, an upper line for the upper control limit, and lower line for the lower control limit. Control chart for variable data are used in pairs.
Your feminine cycle assists your body with getting ready pregnancy consistently. It additionally causes you to have a period in case you’re not pregnant. Your monthly cycle and period are constrained by chemicals like estrogen and progesterone. Here’s the means by which everything goes down. You have 2 ovaries, and every one holds a lot of eggs. The eggs are really minuscule — too little to even consider seeing with the unaided eye.
During your monthly cycle, chemicals make the eggs in your ovaries develop — when an egg is adult, that implies it’s fit to be treated by a sperm cell. These chemicals likewise make the coating of your uterus thick and elastic. So if your egg gets prepared, it has a decent comfortable spot to land and begin a pregnancy. This covering is made of tissue and blood, as nearly all the other things inside our bodies. It has bunches of supplements to assist a pregnancy with developing. Part of the way through your feminine cycle, your chemicals advise one of your ovaries to deliver a develop egg — this is called ovulation. The vast majority don’t feel it when they ovulate, yet some ovulation manifestations are bulging, spotting, or a little aggravation in your lower tummy that you may just feel on one side. When the egg leaves your ovary, it goes through one of your fallopian tubes toward your uterus.
In the event that pregnancy doesn’t occur, your body needn’t bother with the thick covering in your uterus. Your coating separates, and the blood, supplements, and tissue stream out of your body through your vagina. Presto, it’s your period! In the event that you do get pregnant, your body needs the coating — that is the reason your period quits during pregnancy. Your period returns when you’re not pregnant any longer.
When in life do periods begin and stop? Eventually during pubescence, blood emerges from your vagina, and that is your first period. The vast majority get their first period between ages 12 and 14, however a few group get them prior or later than that. It’s basically impossible to know precisely when you’ll get it, however you might feel a few PMS indications (connection to PMS segment) a couple of days before it occurs. On the off chance that you don’t get your period when you’re 16, it’s a smart thought to visit a specialist or attendant. Peruse more about getting your first period.
The vast majority quit getting their period when they’re somewhere in the range of 45 and 55 years of age — this is called menopause. Menopause can require a couple of years, and periods for the most part change progressively during this time. After menopause is absolutely finished, you can’t get pregnant any longer. Peruse more about menopause. Your period might begin and stop around the time it accomplished for others you’re identified with, similar to your mother or sisters.
Do transsexual folks get a period? Not every person who gets a period distinguishes as a young lady or lady. Transsexual men and genderqueer individuals who have uteruses, vaginas, fallopian cylinders, and ovaries additionally get their periods. Having a period can be a distressing encounter for some trans people since it’s an update that their bodies don’t coordinate with their actual sex character — this uneasiness and nervousness is once in a while called sex dysphoria. Other trans individuals probably won’t be excessively troubled by their periods. Either response is typical and alright.
Now and then trans individuals who haven’t arrived at pubescence yet take chemicals (called adolescence blockers) to forestall the entirety of the gendered body changes that occur during pubescence, including periods. What’s more, individuals who as of now get periods can utilize specific kinds of conception prevention (like the embed or hormonal IUD) that help ease up or stop their periods. Chemical substitution treatment, such as taking testosterone, may likewise stop your period.
In the event that you begin taking testosterone, your period will disappear. In any case, this is reversible — on the off chance that you quit taking testosterone, your period will return. There can be a few changes in your feminine cycle before it stops for great. Periods get lighter and more limited over the long run, or come when you don’t anticipate it. You might have spotting or squeezing now and again until you quit getting your period, and once in a while even get-togethers appears to have halted — this is typical. Testosterone infusions make your periods disappear quicker than testosterone cream.
In the event that you experience sexual orientation dysphoria when you get your period, realize that you’re in good company. It very well might be useful to look at our assets and track down a trans-accommodating specialist in your space that you can converse with.
* A tree is a tall plant with woody tissue. Trees gather light for photosynthesis through their leaves; this process creates “food” for the tree.
* Most of a tree trunk is dead tissue and serves only to support the weight of the tree crown. The outside layers of the tree trunk are the only living portion. The cambium produces new wood and new bark.
* The band of tissue outside of the cambium is the phloem. Phloem transports new materials (the sugars created from photosynthesis) from the crown to the roots. Dead phloem tissue becomes the bark of a tree.
* The band of tissue just inside of the cambium is the xylem, which transports water from the roots to the crown. Dead xylem tissue forms the heartwood, or the wood we use for many different purposes.
*Every year, trees grow two annual rings. In the spring, usually a wider and thinner-walled layer called springwood forms. In the summer, a thicker-walled layer, called summerwood, develops. Annual rings are typical in temperate forest trees.
PARTS OF A TREE
* Leaves – broadleaf or needles; primary location for photosynthesis and production of hormones and other chemicals. * Twigs and Branches – support structures for leaves, flowers and fruits. * Crown – the upper part of the tree composed of leaves, twigs, branches, flowers and fruit. * Flowers – the site of reproduction. Trees can be male, female or both. Conifers, however, do not have petals and typical flower structures. * Fruits and Seeds – all trees have seeds, most are inside of the fruit. * Trunk – generally a single “stem,” but can be multiple-stemmed. Main functions are materials transport and support. * Bark – main function is to protect the living tissue called cambium from damage. * Roots – two main functions: (1) collect nutrients and water and (2) anchor the tree
TREES GROW
* At the twig tips (apical meristem) * At the root tips (root apical meristem) * At the cambium (old xylem cells become heartwood, old phloem cells become bark)
Consistency is an art and the one who masters it is an artist. I believe that once you learn this art or start practising this art you can win like anything. Victory is guaranteed. This art is difficult because many people make it complex. Whereas, the nature of the art truly is extremely simple. YOU JUST HAVE TO DO IT.
Here are five benefits or reasons why consistency is an important habit to have. Knowing these reasons can be the motivation you need to give more attention to it.
1. It develops discipline and self-control
Forming a new habit can be challenging because it’s easier to go back to what you’re comfortable with. Your ability to be consistent requires self-control, which means you don’t allow yourself to get off track while staying focused on incremental improvement. This will help you develop the discipline required to keep going.
2. It builds a higher level of trust
The level of trust you have with yourself shows up in the level of trust others have with you. Being consistent will help build momentum. This means you’ll also feel good about what you’re working towards.
3. It can fast track your improvement or development in any area
Consistency will lead to progress, which can speed up the achievement of what you want. This will build your self-confidence, which will help you set bigger and more challenging goals.
4. It will create accountability
Your results will reveal if you’re consistent or not. If you know you’re not on track, you can hold yourself accountable. This means you can adjust your actions or behaviour and keep progressing towards what you want.
5. It will help you stand out or be noticed
Small actions carried out repeatedly will amount to big results over time. When you do something for a long period, you will differentiate yourself from those who aren’t consistent. This can help you attract new opportunities that may not have been possible if you hadn’t been consistent.
Allocate time every week to the things that matter to you.
Notice your triggers and what motivates you.
Review your progress and ask for feedback regularly.
Celebrate any successes you’ve achieved to maintain momentum and stay motivated.
Conclusion
You can accomplish anything you want in life if you have the right strategies and take the right actions consistently. When you accept consistency is an important habit, you can use it to your advantage, which will improve how you feel and the results you create.
“Always remember, your focus determines your reality.” — George Lucas
Unless you have a strong desire to learn the information or develop a skill, it can be hard to focus all of your attention in one place. If you are impatient to learn or master anything, it wouldn’t benefit you more. If you are restless, you will make more mistakes and you will be more distracted as your whole focus will be on result, not on your action.
Instead, remain calm and be devoted to your work.
A mind which is calmer helps you to concentrate better, attaining undivided focus and it makes you proactive.
Television, smart phones, social media, friends, and family can all distract you from your goal of doing well in school. Create an environment that helps you focus. Set a schedule that maximized your study time. Try different study techniques and take breaks so you don’t become too overwhelmed. Here are some of the best tricks that scientists have come up with to help you increase your focus in studying.
Get rid of distractions. Choose the right spot. In order to concentrate, you must eliminate those things that you know will distract you. Put up mobile devices. Turn off the TV. Close other pages in your web browser. Sit away from people making loud noises.
Play music without lyrics. Some people cannot stand silence. They need to have background noise to help keep themselves motivated. Consider playing classical music softly. For some people, music helps them concentrate. For some, it doesn’t. Try it out and see what works best for you. A little something in the background can make you forget that you’re studying instead of out having fun.
Come prepared. Be sure to have all the materials needed to work. Have pencils, pens, highlighters, paper, textbooks, calculators, or whatever else will help you finish the task. Organize the area. A clean space will mean less distractions too. Your goal should be to take care of everything outside of studying before you sit down to focus. If not, you’ll just end up getting up repeatedly. Having to stop and start takes more time than continuously working.
Find a place where you can “unplug”. One of the biggest complaints that teachers have about their students is their inability to concentrate on a subject. Our constant use of social media and personal devices like cell phones divides our attention and makes it more difficult to concentrate.
Learn when to say no. Often times, people find it difficult to concentrate on their studies because they are overextended with other obligations. If this is you, don’t be afraid to tell people no. Just explain that you need to study and won’t have the time or energy to do so, if you help them out.
Ultimately, there’s no quick, one-size-fits-all solution to staying focused while studying. Different methods and tools will work better for some than others. However, with a little trial and error and the tools and techniques above, you can create a routine of focused studying that works best for you.
A Database Transaction is a logical unit of processing in a DBMS which entails one or more database access operation. It is a sequence of operations that form a single unit of work.
A transaction is often initiated by an application program
Begin a transaction
START TRANSACTION
Ends a transaction
COMMIT (if successful) or ROLLBACK (if errors)
A transaction T transforms one consistent database state into another consistent database state. During the execution of T, the database may be temporarily inconsistent.
Either the whole transaction must be succeed or the effect of all operations has to be undone (rollback).
There are two main transaction issues
concurrent execution of multiple transactions
recovery after hardware failures and system crashes
DBMS is the management of data that should remain integrated when any changes are done in it. It is because if the integrity of data is affected, whole data will get distributed and corrupt. Therefore, to maintain integrity of the data, there are four properties which are known as ACID properties.
Operations in Transaction
Following are the two main operations in a transaction:
Read operation
Write operation
Read Operation:This operation transfers the data item from the database and then stores it in a buffer in main memory.
Write Operation:This operation writes the updated data value back to the database from the buffer.
For example: Let Tbe a transaction that transfer Rs50 from X account to Y account. This transaction can be defined as:
T : read(X);
X := X – 50;
write(X);
read(Y);
Y := Y + 50;
write(Y);
Assume that the value of both X and Y before starting of the transaction T is 100.
The first operation read the value of X (100) from the database and stores it in a buffer. The second operation will decrease X value by 50. So buffer will contain 50. The third operation will write the value of the buffer to the database. So the final value of X will be 50.
The fourth operation read the value of Y (100) from the database and stores it in a buffer. The fifth operation will add X value by 50. So buffer will contain 150. The sixth operation will write the value of buffer to the database. So the final value of Y will be 150.
ACID properties are used for maintaining the integrity of database during transaction processing. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.
Atomicity
A transaction is a single unit of operation. You either execute it entirely or do not execute it at all.
For example, in an application that transfers funds from one account to another, the atomicity property ensures that, if a debit is made successfully from one account, the corresponding credit is made to the other account.
Consistency
Once the transaction is executed, it should move from one consistent state to another.
For example, in an application that transfers funds from one account to another, the consistency property ensures that the total value of funds in both the accounts is the same at the start and end of each transaction.
Isolation
Even though transactions are executing concurrently, they should appear to be executed in isolation – that is, their final effect should be as if each transaction was executed in isolation from start to finish.
For example, in an application that transfers funds from one account to another, the isolation property ensures that another transaction sees the transferred funds in one account or the other, but not in both, nor in neither.
Durability
Once a transaction is committed, its changes (writes) applied to the database must never be lost because of subsequent failure.
For example, in an application that transfers funds from one account to another, the durability property ensures that the changes made to each account will not be reversed.
Hi all, Today I am going to share about the weird laws that being practiced in other countries.
SINGAPORE: 1.ANNOYING OTHERS WITH A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT OR SINGING IN PUBLIC: Penalty: Up to 3 months in prison or $1,000 fine According to Singapore Statutes Online, singing, reciting or uttering any obscene song (especially if they contain swear words) in public is illegal. 2.CONNECTING TO SOMEONE ELSE’S WIFI: Penalty: Up to 3 years in prison and/or $10,000 fine. Using another person’s wifi is defined as hacking in Singapore. 3.SMOKING IN PUBLIC: Penalty: $150 – 1,000 fine Smoking is banned in public places and vehicles. 4.SELLING CHEWING GUM: Penalty: $100,000 – 2 years in jail The sale of chewing gum is illegal, bringing it into the country is an offence and spitting it is even worse.
CANADA: 1.IT’S FORBIDDEN TO PAY IN COINS: paying for purchases with a lot of coins is prohibited. According to the Canadian government, you are allowed to use only 25 loonies (a Canadian one-dollar coin) and 5 coins of 25 cents each. 2.IT’S ILLEGAL TO REMOVE A BANDAGE IN PUBLIC: If you remove the bandage somewhere in public, including parks or sidewalks, you can consider yourself a criminal. 3.IT’S ILLEGAL TO ACCIDENTALLY SCARE A CHILD TO DEATH: According to the Canadian government, it’s illegal to scare a sick person or child to death.
JAPAN: 1.YOU CAN’T BE FAT: Metabo Law, introduced in 2008 (read more about this here) enforces mandatory waist measurements for citizens between the ages of 40 and 74. If you are found to be above the recommended measurements, your company or local authority could be forced to pay a fine on your behalf. 2.YOU CAN’T MAKE YOUR OWN BEER: Homebrewing anything over 1% potency is illegal in Japan – but equipment for home brewing is sold openly and is readily available. 3.YOU CAN’T SMOKE OUTDOORS: you can’t smoke on the sidewalks in Japan, you will find numerous designated smoking areas in public outdoor areas that you can use to satisfy your cravings.
CALIFORNIA: 1.1.Women are not allowed to drive a motor vehicle while wearing a houseboat. 2.2.In Blythe, you are only permitted to wear cowboy boots if you own at least two cows. 3.3.Unless it is for amusement or drama, it is illegal for men and boys to dress as females in Walnut without a permit from the sheriff. 4.Flying a kite higher than 10 feet off the ground is also prohibited in Walnut.
These days we hear music all the time, it wakes us up, motivates our workouts, keeps us company on our commutes. It doesn’t matter what kind of music it is, it itself has the ability to affect our moods and our bodies in all sorts of ways. It can give us chills even can make us cry.
Effects on Brain
Music activates every area of the brain that scientists have mapped so far. In fact, there is no area of the brain that music doesn’t touching some ways.
25 years ago there was an idea which said that language is in left side of the brain and music is in right side of the brain but now with better quality tools, higher resolution, neuroimaging and better experimental methods, it is discovered that thats not at all right so how does it effects our brain?
When music enters and then gets shuttled off to different parts of the brain:-
It stops at specialise processing units in auditory cortex, they track loudness, pitch, rhythm, etc.
The visual cortex activates when you’re reading notes as a musician or watching music.
Motor cortex activates when you move or dance or tap your feet, snap fingers, clapping your hands.
The Cerebellum activates and immediate the emotional responses.
The memory system in the Hippocampus will activate and will help you to recognise any familiar music or lines that you listen
Hence, music is going on in both halves of the brain, left and right, the front, back, the inside, and the outside.
How playing Instruments helps?
We can start learning to play instrument at any age. Picking up an instrument can provide some huge benefits for Intelligence, Physical well-being, Brain.
Playing an instrument requires:-
Auditory motor
Sensory
Visual system to work together
This inner system cooperation has some incredible outcomes that can affect many areas of life.
Different intensities of training produce different outcomes, even the most minimal practice can make a difference. Starting to play an instrument just one hour a week for few months can cause growth and increased activity in the parts of the brain responsible for memory, hearing, and motor. Researchers have found that this kind of activities can even increase IQ by 7 point or more.
Its also known that people who play musical instrument are better at other practical things too such as:-
Practical emotions
Learning new things/tasks
Creative problem solving
Musicians brain have better communication between left and right hemisphere which allows for more cooperation and out of the box thinking. Playing an instrument can also has benefits for brain and body.
boosting immune system function
Increase in resilience to hearing lose
Helps stroke patients regain motor skills
It’s been found that just listening to music can prompt the repair and regeneration of damage nerves in the brain.
Music is so much more than notes on a page, it can change the way we think, speak and feel. Music making and listen is really complex it’s not demystified till now it’s more mysterious than ever.
I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman.
Virginia Woolf
In the vast spectrum of literature, women have bestowed eminently, despite earlier, being often left out of the said spectrum and forced to put on a veil of anonymity and nom de plumes.
Female authors have time and again braved all odds and given us some of the most cherished literary jewels of all time.
Today as female authors write and thrive we look at 5 of the some of the must read female authors of all time.
1. Jane Austen (1775-1817)
One of the most cherished authors of all time, Jane Austen was born December 16, 1775 at Steventon, Hampshire, England and published 4 novels during her lifetime, some of her other works were later published posthumously.
Pride and Prejudice is notably regarded as her best novel. Her other novels including Mansfield park, Sense and Sensibility, Emma, The Northanger Abbey and Persuasion are also extremely popular.
Austen’s novels are seen as a close representation of her own self, though not married Austen’s novels highlighted the themes of marriage, love , courting and the life of women with enticing wit.
she passed away at the age of 41 on July 18, 1817 and was buried in Winchester Cathedral. She left a legacy of great literature behind.
“The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a good novel, must be intolerably stupid.”
Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey
2. Mary Shelly (1797-1851)
English novelist Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly was born August 30, 1797, in London, England and is best known for her horror novel “Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus.” Married to poet Percy Bysshe Shelly, she was regarded as the mother of science fiction.
The main themes she highlighted in Frankenstein included nature, man’s quest for power and other intense emotions.
She wrote several other books, including Valperga (1823), The Last Man (1826), the autobiographical Lodore (1835) and the posthumously published Mathilde.
Shelley died of brain cancer on February 1, 1851, at age 53, in London, England. She was buried at St. Peter’s Church in Bournemouth.
“The very winds whispered in soothing accents, and maternal Nature bade me weep no more.”
Mary Shelly
3. Charlotte Bronte(1816-1855)
Charlotte Brontë was an English 19th-century novelist born on April 21, 1816, in Thornton, Yorkshire, England. Brontë published her first novel, Jane Eyre, in 1847 under the manly alias Currer Bell. She followed it with Shirley in 1848 and then Villette in 1853.
She highlighted themes like death, religion, grief, search for meaning and a sense of belonging.
She died during her pregnancy, on March 31, 1855, in Yorkshire, England.
“I am no bird; and no net ensnares me: I am a free human being with an independent will.”
Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre
4. Emily Bronte (1818-1848)
Emily Brontë famous author of the novel ‘Wuthering Heights’ was born on July 30, 1818, in Thornton, Yorkshire, England and was the sister of Charlotte and Anne Brontë.
Publishing under the alias Ellis Bell, Brontë published her defining work, Wuthering Heights, in December 1847.
Wuthering heights was weaved around the themes of family, revenge, betrayal, society and class and had a supernatural tinge to it as well.
She died of tuberculosis on December 19, 1848.
“If all else perished, and he remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else remained, and he were annihilated, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger.”
Emily Jane Brontë , Wuthering Heights
5. Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)
English author Virginia Woolf was born in an influential English household on January 25, 1882.
She wrote feminist centred classics like ‘Mrs. Dalloway’, ‘To the Lighthouse,’ as well as , ‘A Room of One’s Own’ and ‘Three Guineas’.
Her works explored the themes of flawed marriages, ambition, success, failure, children etc.
She suffered from constant bouts of depression and fell prey to it on March 28, 1941 when she committed suicide by drowning herself into the River Ouse.
“As a woman I have no country. As a woman I want no country. As a woman, my country is the whole world.”
India’s struggle for independence started in 1857 with the Indian Mutiny in Meerut and it gained momentum when the first war . In twentieth century, below the leadership of Gandhi , the Indian National Congress (INC) and different political organisations launched a state independence movement and revolt against the oppressive British rule.During the Second war in 1942, the Bharatn Congress launched the Quit India Movement strict AN finish to British rule that prompted colonial rulers detaining several campaigners, nationalists, and ministers together with Gandhi.During the partition of Bharat in 1947, violent riots, mass casualties, and displacement of nearly fifteen million individuals happened amid non secular violence.
“Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high,where knowledge is free”-Rabindranath Tagore
HISTORY
India gained independence from British rule on Assumption , 1947. As India freed herself from the clutches of British Empire , the entire country roared in happiness, marking the reign of an independent and free land, faraway from the fear rule of the 200-year British rule.Fearless Patriots led the liberty struggle which went on to be written within the deep trenches of history. On the occasion of this patriotic day, let’s know more about the history, significance, facts, and therefore the way today is widely known in India and across the earth .Jawahar lal Nehru declared India’s independence on Assumption , 1947, and swore in because the 1st Indian Prime Minister. British House of Commons passed the Indian Independence Bill on Independence Day , 1947, and it had been passed within a fortnight. This was a significant a neighborhood of the tactic that led India to her victory. Freedom fighters and patriots like Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Bhagat Singh, Rani Lakshmi Bai, and far of more lead the parents with their belief and determination to win independence.
Mahatma Gandhi
SIGNIFICANCE
This day may be a remembrance and dedication to all or any those people that gave their lives, mind, body, and soul to free India. Countless lives were lost and lots of were tortured but with immense determination and faith, Indian rose as a free country. On today , India’s tricolour flag was hoisted above the Lahori Gate of Red Fort in Delhi on Assumption , 1947. to the present day, per annum the Prime Minister hoists the flag and commemorates the occasion by a standard ceremony in Delhi, India’s capital. After the Prime Minister addresses the state , a military parade is held that’s broadcasted everywhere the country. The President also delivers a speech.
Today India completed 74 years of independence and we are celebrating 75th independence which has brought real change in India in this so many years. At last I want to quote DR. B.R.Ambedkar’s famous quote;-
“Freedom of mind is the real freedom. A person whose mind is not free though he may not be in chains, is a slave, not a free man. One whose mind is not free, though he may not be in prison, is a prisoner and not a free man. One whose mind is not free though alive, is no better than dead. Freedom of mind is the proof of one’s existence.”-B.R.AMBEDKAR
We all have big dreams , big aims and we all are working hard to achieve it . But if we are unable to do so , and somebody else does it before us , we are consumed with jealousy . It is definitely not a positive emotion , and can be harmful if it exceeds a limit , but a proportionate amount of jealousy can be your teacher , here’s how ,
JEALOUSY HELPS US UNDERSTAND OUR WANTS – When we get jealous of something someone has achieved, it actually helps to understand our true wants and desires that we are unaware of , or we are trying to suppress . Jealousy acts as an indicator to help us understand what we want . So next time you get slightly jealous of someone getting a promotion or a new job , try asking yourself is that what you desire ? Jealousy and fear come from the same place , and you can overcome that by trying to understand your jealousies .
JEALOUSY HELPS US UNDERSTAND OUR TRIGGER POINTS – We all have certain trigger points that really upset us but jealousy , helps us identify these trigger points . Your trigger points are caused due to your insecurities , beliefs and self doubts , and jealousy helps you identify them . If you are able to understand your trigger points , you are one step close to self awareness and self discovery which helps you become a better version of yourself .
JEALOUSY HELPS US IN FOCUSING ON OUR PATH- When we are jealous , we completely loose focus on our life and path , and expend all our energies focusing on what other have and what others have achieved . Jealousy can actually help you be focus on our path again . When ever you get jealous think about all the energy you are wasting by not focusing on your path and your life .
JEALOUSY ASSURES US ABOUT SUCCESS – Now , when others are succeeding and you still have an impending success you might feel jealous ,and all bitter , but if you look around and see so many people succeeding, it actually gives you an assurance and a proof that world is abundant and that there is room for everyone to succeed, we just need to be patient .
JEALOUSY CAN MOTIVATE US- When you start to feel the sting of jealousy in yourself , it can actually push you to work harder and help you find what efforts might be lacking . In stead of letting jealousy make you feel bitter , use it to work harder .
This pool is the world’s deepest indoor diving pool. It is 196 feet(60 meters) deep. It has an underwater city and a film studio. In it, there are parked cars, graffiti-laden walls, giant trees, and libraries stacked with bookshelves.
You can swim with the world’s largest saltwater crocodiles here. A transparent cage protects the swimmers from the crocodiles. They are saltwater crocodiles, meaning, they stay just below the water surface to grab their prey, and getting close to one, is too close for comfort no matter how brave you are.
This pool is suspended 40 feet(12 meters) above ground. The 82 feet long pool has a glass bottom. The pool overlooks the rolling mountains of Italy’s South Tyrol.
The pool is large enough for a boat to sail in. It’s 3323 feet (1012 meters) long and spans 20 acres. The pool holds a staggering 250 million liters (66 million gallons) of water and is the equivalent of about 6,000 8-meter long pools.
If you could go back in time and change one thing, what would you like to change?
I wouldn’t change a thing, because all the choices I made in the past, made me the person I am today. I am still a work in progress and have much to learn and grow. Who doesn’t? Therefore I’m no better than any of you. It’s when you fall is when you learn!
You mess up sometimes and that’s ok! you can learn from that mistake. You may hurt people unintentionally or intentionally and you let yourself get hurt too in the process, just so you know how it feels when you fall, and avoid it happening again. You wake up to mornings that succeeded a night you would rather forget. You wake up to mornings that succeeded a night you wish you could remember. You say words you wish you could take back after you start regretting. You wish you had said words you’ll never get the chance to say again.
Being here, in the present, you don’t want to stop believing in yourself. You think it was worth it, right? Hey, it probably was. It’s OKAY if things don’t go as planned! It’s OKAY to cry and move on!
But is being young and stupid a good enough excuse?
So now, I would like to share an experience of my own, It was during the 12th when I and my best friend decided to go to the same college, away from home, so we became hostelites. But it was during that time, we had a minor argument and misunderstanding, so we both stopped speaking to each other. I had a really bad mental breakdown, It was during that time my dad spoke, saying I was always too dependent on your friends, and I need to let things go and live on! After all, everything happens for a good reason! but people change, when time changes and they grow. But if even after all of those misunderstandings, the person still manages to come back into your life, then he was meant to stay. Now, I and my friend laugh, thinking back as it was such an inane situation.
It was after that time, I realized I needed to be more self-dependent. I also realized communication is the key to solve most of the misunderstandings.
I have met different kinds of people who taught me lessons that changed my perspective.
Here’s a small part from,
“The Little Boy and the Old Man” by Shel Silverstein
Said the little boy, “Sometimes I drop my spoon.” Said the old man, “I do that too.” The little boy whispered, “I wet my pants.” “I do that too,” laughed the old man. Said the little boy, “I often cry.” The old man nodded, “So do I.“
We probably behave stupidly because we don’t think, period. And maybe those who turn out to be wise were always full of the wisdom that we weren’t. Sounds philosophical, it’s not.
I’m a big believer in learning from mistakes. I do reflect on my past experiences that carved me into the person I am today.
These are the foreign bodies that have the capability to bind with the immunogen and also induce an immune response from our body. The majority of antigens are made up of protein. But some can also be made of carbohydrates, lipids, or nucleic acid.
ANTIBODIES/ IMMUNOGLOBULINS:
An antibody is a protein molecule that is generated in the living being by the plasma membrane of the cell. The majority of antibodies are produced in the blood, hence the name immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four polypeptides– two heavy chains and two light chains joined to form a “Y” shaped molecule. The amino acid sequence in the tips of the “Y” varies greatly among different antibodies. This variable region, composed of 110-130 amino acids, gives the antibody its specificity for binding antigen.
Antibodies are divided into five major classes, IgM, IgG, Iga, IgD, and IgE, based on their constant region structure and immune functions.
IgG antibody function :
IgG provides long-term protection because it persists for months and years after the presence of the antigen that has triggered their production. IgG protects against bacteria, viruses, neutralizes bacterial toxins, triggers complement protein systems, and binds antigens to enhance the effectiveness of phagocytosis.
IgM antibody function :
IgM is involved in the ABO blood group antigens on the surface of RBCs. IgM enhances ingestions of cells by phagocytosis.
IgA antibody function :
The main function of IgA is to bind antigens on microbes before they invade tissues. It aggregates the antigens and keeps them in the secretions so when the secretion is expelled, so is the antigen. IgA is also the first defense for mucosal surfaces such as the intestines, nose, and lungs.
IgE antibody function :
IgE bind to mast cells and basophils which participate in the immune response. Some scientists think that IgE’s purpose is to stop parasites.
IgD antibody function :
IgD plays a role in the induction of antibody production.
IMMUNE SYSTEM IN OUR BODY:
The main role of the immune system is to recognize the pathogen, respond to the foreign antigens, and memorize them.
LYMPHOID ORGANS:
These are the organs where the maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes take place. These are further divided into two types:
Primary lymphoid organs: This comprises of bone marrow and thymus, where T-lymphocytes and the B-lymphocytes mature and acquire their antigen-specific receptors.
Secondary lymphoid organs: It comprises of lymph nodes, spleen, and Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT). After maturation of the T- lymphocyte and the B-lymphocyte, they migrate here via blood vascular and lymphatic system, where they undergo differentiation.
VACCINISATION OR IMMUNISATION:
A vaccine is generally a half-killed or weakened disease-causing pathogen that is then given to the healthy individual through injection or drops, which has the ability to generate an immune response but not cause any disease or doesn’t have the ability to spread in the body. This causes acquired immunity against the disease-causing pathogen. This is called as vaccinisation or immunisation. The concept of vaccinisation is based on the ‘memory’ of the immune system. Our immune system has the ability to recognize the pathogen if it has once been already spotted and antibodies have been created by our body. So when the same pathogen enters our body, it is immediately spotted by the lymphocytes, and the antibodies are produced almost instantly given a quick response.
ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION:
It is the process of replacement of diseased tissue with healthier ones. Various factors are involved in transplanting an organ from a donor to a recipient such as tissue matching, immunosuppression, the immune response generated in the recipient. T-cells play a major role in the process of rejection.
CONCLUSION:
Antigens are the substance majority made of protein that has the capability to stimulate the production of antibodies. Antibodies are protein molecule that inactivates the antigen. They are also called immunoglobulins. Lymphoid organs are the place where the maturation of lymphocytes takes place. Vaccine is introduced into our body to prepare antibodies against certain pathogens. While organ transplant has its own pros and cons.
Afghanistan is on the precipice and the nation’s security forces have all but collapsed after being battered by a offensive Taliban they were unable to halt
To add to its woes, Washington has announced plans to evacuate its nationals in Kabul, a symbolic and shambolic end of the US presence after nearly two decades of conflict.
With the Taliban controlling the vast majority of the country’s cities and rural areas, and Afghan security forces largely defeated, here follows some questions and answers that may help explain the current situation.
The Taliban have never shied away from saying what they want — the complete resurrection of their Islamic emirate that ruled from 1996 to 2001.
A lot of analysis and head-scratching was devoted to how exactly they would achieve their goal — through talks, brute force, or a mixture of both.
In the end, their military strategy proved sufficient: overwhelm government forces with multi-pronged attacks on targets throughout the country.
To do that, they first had to get American boots off the ground — which they did by securing a deal with war-weary Washington and pledging not to hit US targets in exchange for their withdrawal.
Part of the deal also meant Washington pressuring the Afghan government into releasing thousands of Taliban prisoners — most of whom immediately rejoined the fray.
With such breathtaking successes in the last eight days, the Taliban may now have the confidence to offer the government the chance of unconditional surrender.
If Kabul baulks, expect the Taliban to push for the capital with force.
No doubt books will be published and lectures will be given for years, if not decades, on this subject — what exactly went wrong with the Afghan security forces? Corruption, the lack of a will to fight, and the vacuum created by the US exit likely all played a part in the Afghan military’s ultimate demise.
For years, the US government issued reports detailing the vast amounts of corruption within the Afghan security forces.
Commanders routinely pocketed money meant for their troops, sold weapons on the black market and lied about the number of soldiers in their ranks.
The Afghan forces were also entirely dependent on US airpower — from logistics to strikes, along with maintenance.
And to make matters all the worse, the security forces never had much in the way of effective leadership.
They were micromanaged by civilians in the presidential palace with little military experience, or ignored by ageing generals who appeared more involved in petty political fights than the larger war at hand.
The US-trained commando units were the hope, but in the end they were not enough to shoulder the entire fight.
The government now controls just three major cities and is unlikely to have the logistical manpower left to marshal a successful defence of the capital.
The Taliban are moving rapidly towards Kabul with reports suggesting their fighters are making progress on the northern and southern flanks of the capital.
The US and international community are most likely piling pressure on the Taliban and Afghan government to reach some kind of deal.
But the Taliban ultimately hold all the cards.
Afghan government negotiators in Qatar have offered the Taliban a power-sharing deal in return for an end to fighting in the country. But only time will tell what the future holds.
In the modern era, people frequently deny performing certain things that might be either good or bad. Sensible decisions should be carried out as to when a NO should be uttered. A small scope of denial can cause you to pay a hefty price. You assist others presuming that what if you turn them down. But that’s not the case. You love to help others because you love to. Lending a helping hand always can cost you a lot too. Think wisely as to where you want to invest your time. It’s not at all bad to think for yourself.
Never feel ashamed to adamantly deny. If that one word NO is being beneficial to you, then don’t hesitate to do so. It’s impossible to say YES to everything. Prioritize the decisions you make as to whom you have to tell a YES and to whom a NO. This world is filled with greedy people too who wholly want their work to be done. They remember you when they need a favor, else you are like a non-existing creature. People who genuinely care for you and need your help will ask for it, respect it and convey they will always be available for you. Never overlook such people in your life.
It is important to know some things related to denial-
Once a NO is not a NO forever :
You deny once doesn’t announce you are denying forever.
There might seem to be reasons for your denial. Maybe you are busy with your own work, or are not in a mood to help anyone.
2. NO need not always be direct :
Valid reasons can be voiced out for the reason of your denial.
Some people think what if he/she feels bad.
Telling a NO may surely not hurt until it is conveyed in a positive way.
3. Happy and Peaceful Environment :
When you deny someone, you are reducing the effort and time you are investing there.
You have a chance to relax you, not to withstand stress about it.
4. Constant Connection :
As said, once a denial doesn’t always mean denial.
Continue to establish a connection with that person after you deny.
This attitude will surely make the person feel that you don’t have any problem in helping, but the situation makes you do so.
It urges him/her to believe that you don’t have any hard feelings for him/her.
5. Devote time yourself :
Some people go out of the way to help out others that they don’t give time to themselves.
No one is stopping that person from helping others. But the fact to understand is giving importance to you and value you.
Denying for doing something wrong is not at all bad. You should maintain a strong stand and be firm, that the decision that you have taken against the wrong is absolutely correct. Whoever approaches you to change your mind shouldn’t be in a stage to overrule the accurate decisions you have made.
Situations arise where you are being betrayed. The person who did so will try his/her best to prove himself/herself innocent, you should voice out exclaiming a NO, it’s inappropriate. Never be afraid to tell a NO when you aren’t comfortable in doing so. You shouldn’t be forced to do the favor asked. You aren’t hindered at gunpoint to do the favor asked.
In present times, you definitely have a price to pay for everything. It’s left up to you to see where your profit lies. NO can be costly when you do something that you aren’t willing to.You help people when they need you, but are they available to you when you need them the most? Give it a thought.
“When her husband and son entered the room to check-in, they found the bed empty and the window open wide. She finally jumped from the building. It took place around 3:00 am.” How many times we have come across these headlines but carelessly ignore them without giving a second thought what if one of our kin become the victim?
Suicide doesn’t end the pain, it passes onto someone else.
Why people self harm?
According to some, it is a way to control their body, as they can’t control anything else in their living. While others feel less anxious as the emotional pain slowly turns into a physical one. In addition, there are many other reasons for taking up the beautiful life of an innocent.
Will you cry, if I die?
I was five-year-old when I saw my mom in the bathroom lying with her hands full of blood. I have a vivid memory of an ambulance taking her to the hospital. Later I came to know that she was suffering from a maniac illness that brings extreme mood swings in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior; named Bipolar Disorder. I never received the love of my mother, as she used to treat me well in a happy mood while hit me when turned sluggish. And that's how I started seeking love from my girlfriends. The craving was so high that I expected them to behave like a mother and was very obsessive for them. As a result, I was not successful in any of the relationships. I always blamed my father for the condition of my mother, as I was in the illusion that his hitting was the ultimate cause of her sufferings. However, everything changed after her third suicide attempt with a note "Will you cry, If I die?" I was left all alone in shock and despair. Soon, all the truths were revealed. My dad became the best buddy and claimed that he never hit my mom, rather helped her to get better. Since then, I started becoming mode practical and gained control over my emotions. Now I'm happy with the family of 4 members. I miss my mom sometimes, but I know she would be happy somewhere in her new body away from all the miseries!!
Don’t lose hope. When the sun goes down, the stars shine. You have the power to say,
WHO MADE THE DREAM OF INDEPENDENT INDIA A REALITY.“
HAPPY 75th
INDEPENDENCE DAY
India is a land of diversity where people of different caste, creeds, religions, cultures, and beliefs live together. India is a country where there is “Unity in Diversity” .The Independence Day of India, which is celebrated religiously throughout the Country on the 15th of August every year, holds tremendous ground in the list of national days, since it reminds every Indian about the dawn of a new beginning, the beginning of an era of deliverance from the clutches of British colonialism of more than 200 years. It was on 15th August 1947 that India was declared independent from British colonialism, and the reins of control were handed over to the leaders of the Country. India’s gaining of independence was a tryst with destiny, as the struggle for freedom was a long and tiresome one, witnessing the sacrifices of many freedom fighters, who laid down their lives on the line.
HISTORY
British rule in India began in 1757 when, following the British victory at the Battle of Plassey, the English East India Company began exercising control over the country. The East India Company ruled India for 100 years, until it was replaced by direct British rule (British Raj) in the wake of the Indian Mutiny in 1857–58. The Indian independence movement began during WORLD WAR I and was led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who advocated for a peaceful and nonviolent end to British rule. Freedom fighters like Bhagat Singh, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, etc. made sacrifices of their life to provide freedom to us so each drop of blood shed for our country’s freedom and dignity needs to be valued and honored.
CELEBRATIONS
Independence Day is marked throughout India with flag-raising ceremonies, drills, and the singing of the Indian National Anthem. Additionally, various cultural programs are made available in the state capitals. After the prime minister participates in the flag-raising ceremony at the Red fort historic monument in Old Delhi, a parade ensues with members of the armed forces and police. The prime minister then delivers a televised address to the country, recounting the major accomplishments of India during the previous year and outlining future challenges and goals. Kite flying has also become an Independence Day tradition, with kites of various sizes, shapes, and colours filling the sky.
This day is celebrated to ignite the feeling of nationalism and patriotism across the country. Every citizen has a different viewpoint of Independence. A youngster takes this day to celebrate the glory and strength of the country while for others it’s a reminder of the long suppression and cruelty that our people suffered. It’s not only a celebration of Independence but also of unity with the diverse culture of the country.
CONCLUSION
A day worth celebrating for which our ancestors have shed their blood and have struggled a lot. But are we truly justifying the struggle and hard work of our freedom fighters? We should rethink it and should work towards actual freedom of the people of the country by helping them and making them self-dependent and capable enough to support not only themselves but also the country.
Every person should have clear goals in his/her life to lead a healthy and wealthy life. There is a story which has happened 60 years ago, in 1963, a 29 years old professor who is teaching Accountancy in an American university asked his students that how many of them have written their goals in life? Surprisingly only 9 out of 300 students have written their goals of life on a piece of paper. Then after 30 years later. i.e, in 1993, all the students came to visit a college and they visited the same professor who is now 59 years old. He calculated the net worth of each person. It turned out that only 9 people each of whose net worth is greater than the combined net worth of 291 people. And interestingly those 9 people were those who had written their goals 30 years ago. So, it is important to have clear financial goals in your life. There are three important elements in setting up financial goals. They are
SMART IT: Smart stands for Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant and Time. One has to be clear of exactly what he wants to have, how much he has to have, whether it is achievable and relevant, and when he wishes to have that.
TIME IT: Goals can be immediate, short term, medium-term and long term. The task you have to do within 30 days is immediate goals. For example, buying an android phone. The task that takes a year to accomplish is short-term goals. For example, to buy a television. The goals that require up to 3 years come under the medium-term goal. Example: having own bike, travel for vacation. The long-term goals require more than 3 years. This includes, to study in abroad for a high school student.
WRITE IT: It is always better to write your goals in a sheet of diary so that the goals stay long in your mind and you can achieve it.
POWER OF COMPOUNDING:
There is a thought that compound interest is considered the eighth wonder of the world. Compound interest earns interest on the interest rather than the simple interest which earns interest only on the principal amount. For example, a principal amount of thousand rupees for ten years at a rate of ten percent will earn thousand rupees at simple interest and thousand five hundred and ninety-three rupees in compound interest. So when it comes to investing, compound interest is always better since it allows the fund to grow at a faster rate. So you have to remind these three principles
The longer the time, the more money will grow.
Earlier the investment you made, better you are.
Smaller savings over a long period will earn more amount.
MAINTAINING RECORDS (ACTUALS AND BUDGETS)
Everyone has to maintain proper financial records so that you can know the level of spending and savings from your income. There are several sources of income. For adults, it may be salary from the job, profit through business, and interest on savings. For college students, the source of income may be pocket money from parents, gifts received from relatives, stipends from internships, etc., and expenses may be college fees, mess bills, fuel expenses, mobile recharge bills. So it is always better to write down the financial records to use the money effectively. At the start of every month, do budget planning and save at least twenty percent of your savings. Proper planning and execution will help for the wise usage of money. In between this process, maintain financial records.
The pandemic has severly affected all the sectors ,and Educational sector was one of them ,but thanks to technology because of that we have an alternative mode of learning.Online or virtual mode of education became asset for the students life in the pandemic situation,but who thought that this online mode of learning would remain with us for such a long duration and still no one knows how long.
ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE LEARNING
Several arguments are associated with e-learning.
• Accessibility, affordability, flexibility, learning pedagogy, life-long learning, and policy are a number of the arguments associated with online pedagogy.
• It is said that online mode of learning is definitely accessible and may even reach to rural and remote areas.
• Flexibility is another interesting aspect of online learning; a learner can schedule or plan their time for completion of courses available online.
•Students can learn anytime and anywhere, thereby developing new skills within the process resulting in life-long learning.
•The government also recognizes the increasing importance of online learning during this dynamic world, as in future online mode of education would be the most helpful and trending part.
DISADVANTAGES OF ONLINE LEARNING.
• Personal attention is also a huge issue facing online learning,as no one knows who is paying attention during the classes and who is not.
•Sometimes, online content is all theoretical and does not let students practice and learn effectively,which is a huge disadvantage of e-learning.
• A lot of distraction sources are available during the online mode of teaching .
• A lot of health related problems can be developed in this mode be it mental or physical , continuous learning from electronic gadgets can lead to eye problems as well as mental stress and exhaustion could also be felt , physical movement is negligible in this mode.
What should be done to get better mode of education in the time of pandemic?
Combining face-to-face lectures with technology gives rise to blended learning and flipped classrooms; this type of learning environment can increase the training potential of the students.
We spend one third of our life dreaming. Sometimes dreams are happy, scary, unexplainable and even an indication of what is going to happen in future. There is a popular saying that the dreams we see in the morning are usually true and real, though there is no scientific proof to it. We usually dream what we think, stress is an important factor in dreams. Less stress means happy dreams.
But will you believe it if I tell you that you can actually control your dreams?🤔 A dream where one becomes aware of the dream it is known as lucid dreaming. And there are people who do this. You can do it too!! Let’s know how. People have been studying lucid dreams for a very long time, from ancient to modern it has been studied to understand the cause and purposes of it. As a result many theories have emerged, though it is still under research.
This term was given by Dutch author and psychiatrist Fredreik Van Eeden. In his article A Study of Dreams in 1913. He studied his own dreams for a period of time and wrote them in his dream diary, 352 of his dreams were categorized as lucid. He mentioned 7 different types of dreams and out of which he considered lucid dreams most interesting and worthy of observation. The reference to this phenomenon can be found in ancient greek writings. According to Aristotle, Greek philosopher, “often when one is asleep, there is something in consciousness which declares that what then presents itself is but a dream”. Other than Aristotle, physician Sir Thomas Browne, Samuel Pepys and more have mentioned lucid dreaming. In 2020 there was a large increase in reports of lucid dreams compared to the previous year.
There are a few conditions for a dream in order to be defined as a lucid dream and these were given by Paul Tholey. The conditions are: 1. Awareness of the dream state (orientation) 2. Awareness of the capacity to make decisions 3. Awareness of memory functions 4. Awareness of self 5. Awareness of the dream environment 6. Awareness of the meaning of the dream 7. Awareness of concentration and focus (the subjective clarity of that state)
Lucid dreams are often found to be affective in treating nightmares. Physiotherapists have also been including lucid dreaming as a part of therapy. There are also books and movies based on this like inception, paprika, etc. Though lucid dreaming has been beneficial in many aspects but for the people who experience it for the first time can go through the feelings of stress or confusion. People who see lucid dreams very often might feel empowered and also isolated from others in terms of their dreaming experience which is quiet different to others. Others might experience sleep paralysis, which is sometimes confused with lucid dreams.
There are many methods using which one can experience lucid dream like, make a dream diary and jot down the dreams you remember, diary alone won’t help but it will be beneficial with other methods. Some devices and drugs are also used.
It is really easy for facts and myths to get mixed up , especially if we have been listening about it ever since we were kids . Over the years there has been a lot of events, and theories that we believed were facts , but they were either exaggerated or were myths , here are a few of such myths we still believe in.
BATS – We have read about bats being blind in our textbooks , heard about it , but this is one big myth . Bats are not blind and can see. They have do have small eyes with sensitive vision which helps them see in pitch black conditions . Bats do not have colourful visions like humans , but they can see three times better then us humans .
SALT AND BOILING WATER – It is believed that if we add salt to water , it boils faster , but this is a complete myth as well . Putting salt in the water will make a negligible difference .
ALBERT EINSTEIN – It is commonly believed that Albert Einstein was terrible at mathematics and that he failed his grade school maths . Well , this rumour is just a rumour . Einstein himself denied this and said that he did not fail in maths and by age 15 he was at the top of his class .
CHAMELEON – Most of us believe that chameleon change colours to blend with their surroundings , but this is not true . Yes , they have the ability to change colours , but they do so to regulate their body temperatures and to communicate with other fellow chameleons .
Customer service is the direct one-on-one interaction between a consumer making a purchase and a representative of the company that is selling it. Most retailers see this direct interaction as a critical factor in ensuring buyer satisfaction and encouraging repeat business. Even today, when much of customer care is handled by automated self-service systems, the option to speak to a human being is seen as necessary to most businesses. It is a key aspect of servent leadership. Customer service is the interaction between the buyer of a product and the company that sells it. Good customer service is critical to business success, ensuring brand loyalty one customer at a time.Recent innovations have focused on automating customer service systems but the human element is, in some cases, indispensable.
The evolution of customer service
Customer service has evolved from the early days of rotary phones and call centers, when the phone was the only communication channel to the omni-channel world of today. Consumers can contact support via phone, live chat, WhatsApp, social media and even Amazon’s Alexa. Nevertheless, only a few companies leverage all the available technology to serve customers.
Why customer service is important?
Offering amazing customer service is important if you want to retain customers and grow your business. … Customer support is more than just providing answers; it’s an important part of the promise your brand makes to its customers. Positive reputation leads to higher growth. Reputation goes a long way in a business. It attracts customers, investors, partnerships, and employees. When seeking to improve reputation, start with excellent customer service. When everyone at a company has the same end-goal, the entire workflow becomes streamlined. Place the ultimate emphasis on your customer, then move through each department to align them behind customer service. Customer service is one of the most under-valued assets in business. If you can prove its worth, and get your team on board to harness its power, its success impacts every level of your organization.
How to improve customer service
1. Practice Active Listening : Behind every customer service call is a real human who has a question or concern that needs to be answered. The person needs to feel understood, heard, and served. Active listening is a key skill set you can develop by practicing daily on your co-workers and family. First, you should approach each conversation with the goal to learn something and focus on the speaker. After the customer is finished speaking, ask clarifying questions to make sure you understand what they’re actually saying. Finally, finish the conversation with a quick summary to ensure everyone is on the same page. By practicing active listening, you’re not only going to possess the ability to become a truly exceptional customer service agent, but you’ll also improve your relationships outside of the office.
2. Learn to Empathise With Your Customers : Empathy is the ability to understand how the customer is feeling and where they’re coming from. While some people seem like they’re born with this trait, it’s a skill that can be acquired. When listening to the customer, try to see the problem through his eyes and imagine how it makes him feel. This is important in customer service because the customer will be more receptive if they feel understood by you. It can also de-escalate a conflict and create a more enjoyable interaction with your company.
3. Use Positive Language : When attending to customers’ problems, using positive language takes the stress away from the situation. Words are powerful and they can create trusting relationships with your customers. Verbs should be used positively. For example, instead of saying “don’t hit the red button” say “the green button is the best option.” Future tense is also positive as it doesn’t dwell on the customer’s past issues. Phrases like “Great question, I’ll find that out for you!” and “I’d love to understand more about …” can keep the customer in the present moment. Also, remember when speaking to customers to make sure you’re authentic, positive, memorable, and to stay calm and positive, even if the customer is angry.
4. Improve Your Technical Skills ; Customers may come to you with all types of problems and they want their questions answers fast. If you don’t know how to properly implement a service ticket, you’ll be wasting their valuable time. Before interacting with customers, you should fully understand how to use your live chat and ticketing system and learn to type fast.
5. Know Your Products and Services ; In order to help the customer, you must have a deep knowledge of your products and the way they work. It’s recommended that each customer service agent spends onboarding time with a seasoned product specialist so he can ask questions and fully understand the ins and out of the product. This way, you’ll be able to help customers when they’re troubleshooting issues, and you’ll know product tips and tricks you can share to make the product easier to use.
Dealing with angry customer’s
1. Stay calm ; In some cases, a customer may be visibly distressed or angry. Despite their demeanor, use a smile and body language, such as eye contact and an outreached hand for a handshake, to show that you are open to this interaction and invested in solving their concerns. Even while communicating with clients over the phone, smiling conveys warmth in your voice although they can’t see you. Using a low tone of voice might induce the speaker to also lower their pitch and volume.
2. Shift your mindset ; It might be natural to think to yourself that the situation is not your fault. However, the success of this interaction hinges largely on you not taking the customer’s anger personally. This can be done by switching from a mindset of finding blame (what or who caused this problem to happen) to a mindset where the goal is to find a solution. Saying something like, “Let’s see how I can help,” is a good way to signal this mindset. It also helps you handle the situation with less stress to yourself.
3. Acknowledge their distress : The first thing the customer is looking for from you is a recognition that something has happened to upset them. You can acknowledge their feelings without accepting blame by saying something such as, “I can see you’re upset, and I’m so sorry.”
4. Introduce yourself : Telling the customer your name and learning theirs may naturally place the interaction on a more cordial footing. Ask the customer their name, and then use it throughout and often during your conversation. This makes the interaction more personal and lets the customer know you care specifically about them rather than if you use a formal title such as “sir” or “ma’am.” For example, “Mrs. Walters, I see here that you placed the order on May 5?” or “Let’s see how many items were in your cart, Lester.”
5. Calm yourself down ;Even if you are in customer relations and interact with irate customers on a regular basis, a state of mental equilibrium will help you refresh your mind and deal with your next customer just as effectively. Speak to a friend, take some calming deep breaths or if time and rules permit, go for a short walk to clear your mind before returning to your duties.
The previous article was about the acquired immunity. This article is all about the immune cells, the warriors of the human body.
These cells play a major role in protecting the body from infections. Some of them contribute directly and some contribute indirectly. Despite the methods, all of them are required in optimum amounts so as to live a healthy life.
All of these cells are derived from a specific type of cell found in the blood. The blood is a freely flowing interstitial fluid that transports oxygen, nutrients, etc. to the cells of the body. There are two components in the blood in which the first one is called plasma. The plasma is the liquid carrying water, salts, enzymes, and proteins. There are three specialized proteins in the plasma-
Albumin- to maintain water balance
Globulin- for immunity (it is a part of immunoglobulin)
Fibrinogen- for clotting
Hence the plasma also contributes to immunity. This plasma constitutes about 55% of the blood. The rest 45% of the blood is constituted by the formed elements or corpuscles. There are three elements in it namely-
Erythrocyte or Red Blood Corpuscle- transport of oxygen
Leucocyte or White Blood Corpuscle- fight infections
Thrombocyte or platelets- for clotting
Out of these, the WBC is the one primarily contributing to immunity. A healthy person must have a WBC count from 4000-11000. Count less than 4000 means leukopenia meaning that the immune system is weak. If the count is more than 11000 then it means the condition of autoimmunity known as leucocytosis. There are some further classifications in the WBC which are displayed through the flowchart below.
There are two types of cells in the WBC namely the granulocytes and agranulocytes.
The granulocytes, as the name specifies have granules in their cytoplasm. There are three different cells in this.
The neutrophil constitutes to about 55-70% of the total WBC and they are ones involved in most of the fights against the infections. These defend against bacterial and fungal infections. These cells are mostly found in the epidermal regions and are in the first line of defense. These cells engulf the pathogens by the process of phagocytosis. These cells have multiple nuclei hence these are also known as PMN (Poly Morpho Neutrophils). Neutrophils help prevent infections by blocking, disabling, and digesting off invading particles and microorganisms. They also communicate with other cells to help them repair cells and mount a proper immune response. The death of these cells often results in the formation of pus (suppuration).
neutrophil
The eosinophil constitutes about 2-4% of the total WBC. These cells are very little in the body but can increase in the case of allergic reactions, parasite infection, and so on. The functions of the eosinophil include movement to inflamed areas, trapping substances, killing cells, anti-parasitic and bactericidal activity, participating in immediate allergic reactions, and modulating inflammatory responses.
eosinophil
The basophil is present in the least concentration of all (0.2%) in total WBC. These cells play an important role in allergic reactions in which their count can increase. The basophil contains inflammatory mediators like histamine and heparin. The release of the compounds results in dilation of the blood vessels. Hence these cells regulate the inflammation process.
The agranulocytes are those which lack granules in their cytoplasm. There are two types in this. The lymphocyte can be called as the memory of the immune system. There are two types of lymphocytes namely T and B lymphocytes. These lymphocytes recognize the incoming pathogens and based on their memory it produces a suitable response in a short amount of time. These cells are involved in the secondary response in the acquired immunity.
B cells make antibodies that can bind to pathogens, block pathogen invasion, activate the complement system, and enhance pathogen destruction. The T cells mostly known as CD4+ T helper cells produce the cytokines (proteins in cell signaling) and coordinate with the immune system. There is another form called CD8+ cytotoxic T cells which is opposite to the previous type, they help in the destruction of tumors and pathogens.
The monocyte is the largest of all the cells in WBC. They function similarly to that of the neutrophils (phagocytosis of the pathogens). These cells present the pathogen to the memory cells upon which a response is generated. Once they leave the blood, they turn into macrophages which help in clearing cell debris and killing pathogens. These are known as the vacuum cleaners of immunity.
Hence all these cells work in different mechanisms and they coordinate together to make sure that we do not fall prey to the disease-causing microorganisms.
The previous article was about the acquired immunity. This article is all about the immune cells, the warriors of the human body.
These cells play a major role in protecting the body from infections. Some of them contribute directly and some contribute indirectly. Despite the methods, all of them are required in optimum amounts so as to live a healthy life.
All of these cells are derived from a specific type of cell found in the blood. The blood is a freely flowing interstitial fluid that transports oxygen, nutrients, etc. to the cells of the body. There are two components in the blood in which the first one is called plasma. The plasma is the liquid carrying water, salts, enzymes, and proteins. There are three specialized proteins in the plasma-
Albumin- to maintain water balance
Globulin- for immunity (it is a part of immunoglobulin)
Fibrinogen- for clotting
Hence the plasma also contributes to immunity. This plasma constitutes about 55% of the blood. The rest 45% of the blood is constituted by the formed elements or corpuscles. There are three elements in it namely-
Erythrocyte or Red Blood Corpuscle- transport of oxygen
Leucocyte or White Blood Corpuscle- fight infections
Thrombocyte or platelets- for clotting
Out of these, the WBC is the one primarily contributing to immunity. A healthy person must have a WBC count from 4000-11000. Count less than 4000 means leukopenia meaning that the immune system is weak. If the count is more than 11000 then it means the condition of autoimmunity known as leucocytosis. There are some further classifications in the WBC which are displayed through the flowchart below.
There are two types of cells in the WBC namely the granulocytes and agranulocytes.
The granulocytes, as the name specifies have granules in their cytoplasm. There are three different cells in this.
The neutrophil constitutes to about 55-70% of the total WBC and they are ones involved in most of the fights against the infections. These defend against bacterial and fungal infections. These cells are mostly found in the epidermal regions and are in the first line of defense. These cells engulf the pathogens by the process of phagocytosis. These cells have multiple nuclei hence these are also known as PMN (Poly Morpho Neutrophils). Neutrophils help prevent infections by blocking, disabling, and digesting off invading particles and microorganisms. They also communicate with other cells to help them repair cells and mount a proper immune response. The death of these cells often results in the formation of pus (suppuration).
neutrophil
The eosinophil constitutes about 2-4% of the total WBC. These cells are very little in the body but can increase in the case of allergic reactions, parasite infection, and so on. The functions of the eosinophil include movement to inflamed areas, trapping substances, killing cells, anti-parasitic and bactericidal activity, participating in immediate allergic reactions, and modulating inflammatory responses.
eosinophil
The basophil is present in the least concentration of all (0.2%) in total WBC. These cells play an important role in allergic reactions in which their count can increase. The basophil contains inflammatory mediators like histamine and heparin. The release of the compounds results in dilation of the blood vessels. Hence these cells regulate the inflammation process.
The agranulocytes are those which lack granules in their cytoplasm. There are two types in this. The lymphocyte can be called as the memory of the immune system. There are two types of lymphocytes namely T and B lymphocytes. These lymphocytes recognize the incoming pathogens and based on their memory it produces a suitable response in a short amount of time. These cells are involved in the secondary response in the acquired immunity.
B cells make antibodies that can bind to pathogens, block pathogen invasion, activate the complement system, and enhance pathogen destruction. The T cells mostly known as CD4+ T helper cells produce the cytokines (proteins in cell signaling) and coordinate with the immune system. There is another form called CD8+ cytotoxic T cells which is opposite to the previous type, they help in the destruction of tumors and pathogens.
The monocyte is the largest of all the cells in WBC. They function similarly to that of the neutrophils (phagocytosis of the pathogens). These cells present the pathogen to the memory cells upon which a response is generated. Once they leave the blood, they turn into macrophages which help in clearing cell debris and killing pathogens. These are known as the vacuum cleaners of immunity.
Hence all these cells work in different mechanisms and they coordinate together to make sure that we do not fall prey to the disease-causing microorganisms.
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