Success is a long journey with many obstacles coming in the path, however, these hindrances are a part of the process. The success comes from continuous learning and the true learner is the one who makes mistakes. No one is perfect, yet near perfection can be achieved through attempting and making mistakes. Individuals’ lives are full of ups and downs and it becomes necessary to respond to these difficulties in a positive and favorable manner that helps the individual to experience and learn something. It is the individual perspective towards a situation that matters the most and bring certain consequences.

Success and failure are two faces of the same coins. There is no final success without the experience of failure. In the process of hustling for the success, an individual has to conquer the hardships. The actually teachings come from the failures, however, the individuals are afraid to fail and give up. The persons who accept the challenges and face the failure are the one who are able to climb the ladder to success. Density also favors them; as it has been said, “God helps the one who are willing to help themselves”. Thus, the individual must have that attitude to write their own fate.

Failures and setbacks are disheartening, but it is a major part of the individual life since childhood. As a child, no individual was able to learn walking without falling or tumbling; we fall, we stand again and run. It is the individual spirit that encourages them keep working hard to achieve the goals and built a life they desired for. Success is an aggregate of hard work, dedication and determination. It is not necessary that every individual action can bear a sweet fruit, sometimes, the results are not correspondingly equal to the efforts. However, it definitely takes the individual a step closer to the goal, failures teach lessons and provide incomparable experience to the individuals.

A determined person will look for the positive aspect in every situation, even if they fail. The failure works as a teacher that highlights the shortcomings in the efforts and helps to improve. One should work upon the things that were lacking in the last attempt and prepare for the next try accordingly. Consistent efforts and improvements can visibly bring great results. A person who learns from his failures and work upon them for betterment, are definitely bound to be successful in their life.

Spirit and optimism are necessary elements for overcoming the failures. The individual should be willing to enjoy and celebrate every moment of the life. The success after a number of failures feels more pleasing and is cherished more. The failures are a sign of trying and learning something new. It has been widely said that a person who never failed has never tried something new.  Therefore, one should believe in making mistakes, learning from them and keep the efforts on.

The history emphasis that all the renowned personalities have been a failure for once in their life, but, the reason for them being successful today is their unbreakable determination and fortitude. People need to accept failure as a part of their lives and should not stay in denial when they encounter disappointment. There is long list of people who faced number of difficulties in their lives and still outshined the world through their constant efforts. Few of these personalities are:

Bill gates, the second richest person on earth, he is a Harvard University dropper. His first business named, Traf-O-Data was a huge failure, but he didn’t give up and founded Microsoft in 1975. Now, Microsoft is the world’s largest PC software company.

Other such personality, Walt Disney, the most famous and loved person in the animation industry once faced huge failure. He was unable to join the United States Army and was compelled to drive an Ambulance. Later, he founded Walt Disney company and mickey mouse, which was a grand success for him and he set-up the Disney brother studies to make many more animations. Further, he founded Disney Land and Disney Park.

Similarly, J.K. Rowling, the author of the famous series of novel Harry potter once lived a life full of poverty and depressed. Her novel was rejected by 12 publications and now the sequel is a one of the most favorite among the people of all age groups. The popularity of the novel can be known from the fact that there was a series of movie produced upon the book and it has such a huge fan following.

Therefore. Success is a journey full of difficulties, and the journey is more joyful as compared to the destination. The individual should have the patience and determination to hustle continuously and enjoy the journey. Success is not a one-day task, it takes a number of bricks to build a castle and similarly, success is a long process that can be achieved through small steps.  

Introduction:

It is a common type of electromechanical transducer that can convert the rectilinear motion of an object to which it is coupled mechanically into a corresponding electrical signal. A LVDT linear position sensors are readily available that can measure movements as small as a few millionths of an inch up to several inches, but are also capable of measuring positions up to ±30 inches (±0.762 meter). Hence, a LVDT is a linear position sensor with a proportional analog output.

Construction:

LVDT is a transformer consisting of one primary winding P and two secondary winding S1 & S2 mounted on a cylindrical former. The two secondary winding have equal number of turns and placed identically on either side of the primary winding.

A movable soft iron core is placed inside the former. Actually the movable core is made of nickel iron with hydrogen annealed. Hydrogen annealing is done to eliminate harmonics, residual voltage of core and thus provides high sensitivity. The movable core also is laminated in order to reduce eddy current loss. The assembly of laminated core is placed in a cylindrical steel housing and end lids are provided for electromagnetic and electrostatic shielding. The displacement to be measured is attached to this movable soft iron core.

Working of LVDT:

Since the primary winding of Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) is supplied with AC supply, it produces an alternating magnetic flux in the core which in turn link with the secondary winding S1 and S2 to produce emf due to transformer action.

Let us assume that the emf produced in secondary winding S1 is Es1 and that in S2 is Es2. The magnitude of Es1 and Es2 will depend upon the magnitude of rate of change of flux (dØ / dt) as per the Faraday’s Law. The lower the value of ‘dt’, the more will be the emf induced.
But lower value of ‘dt’ means that core is moving faster. Thus LVDT- Working Principle: we can say that the more is the movement of core, the greater will be the magnitude of emf induced in secondary windings.

To get a single output voltage from the Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT), both the secondary winding are connected in series but in phase opposition. Due to this connection, the net output voltage E0 of the LVDT is given as below.
E0 = Es1 – Es2
Since the secondary windings of LVDT are identical and placed symmetrically on either side of core, therefore under normal position the flux linkage of both the secondary winding S1 & S2 will be same.
This means Es1 = Es2 and hence net output voltage E0 of LVDT = 0. This position of soft iron core is called NULL position. Thus NULL position of Linear Variable Differential Transformer is the normal position of movable core where the net output voltage is zero. Now, as the core can either be moved toward right or left to the null position. Let us now consider such movement of core under two cases.

Case-1: Core is moved left to the NULL position
When core of LVDT is moved to the left of the NULL position ‘O’ as shown in figure above, the flux linkage of secondary winding S1 will become more than that of winding S2. This means the emf induced in winding S1 will be more than S . Hence E > S2. Es1 Es2 and net output voltage,
E0 = (Es1 – Es2) = Positive.
This means that the output voltage E0 will be in phase with the primary voltage.

Case-2: Core is moved right to the NULL position
When the core of LVDT is moved toward right of NULL position the emf induced in secondary winding S2 will be more than that of S1. This means Es2 > Es1 and hence net output voltage,
E0 = (Es1 – Es2) = negative.
This means that the output voltage of LVDT will be in phase opposition (180 degree out of phase) with the primary voltage.

Applications of LVDT:

There are various applications of LVDT:

1. LVDT is used in those applications where displacement ranging from fraction of a mm to few
   cm. As a primary transducer, it converts the mechanical displacement into electrical signal.
2. The LVDT sensor works as the main transducer, and that changes dislocation to electrical signalstraight.
3. This transducer can also work as a secondary transducer.
4. LVDT is used to measure the weight, force and also pressure.
5. Some of these transducers are used to calculate the pressure and load.
6. LVDT’s are mostly used in industries as well as servomechanisms.
7. Other applications like power turbines, hydraulics, automation, aircraft, and satellites.

THE art of practicing yoga helps in controlling an individual mind ,body soul .it bring together physcial and mental disciplines to achieve a peaceful body and mind .it helps manage stress and anxiety and keeps you relaxing .it also helps in increasing flexibilitu muscle syrength and body tone .

*yoga increase your flexibility

• yoga helps you to built strength
• yoga improves your posture
• yoga is powerfui mindful practice

The blue hole is a large ocean cave or pit formed by carbonate sediments found in river sands or islands. Blue holes are usually made up of waves of pure water, the sea, or a mixture of both. Examples include the South China Sea-Dragon Hole, Belize, the Bahamas, Guam, Australia-Great Barrier Reef and Egypt-Red Sea.

The blue hole formed during the last winter which is 2 million years ago. The current sea level was 100 to 120 meters lower than the current sea level. Then the soil was eroded by the erosion caused by the rains and the chemical footsteps, but these were submerged at the end of the ice age.

There were many types of fossils in the blue hole through which the possibility of many creatures living in the blue hole is found. Other life forms found here include marine life and marine fossils, as well as crocodile and turtle fossils found in blue holes. This place was famous by Jacques Courteau who said it was one of the top five scuba diving sites in the world. He brought a ship in 1971 named Calypso to the hole to make a note on its depths.

From the investigations the holes origin is a typical karst lime stone formation which is formed stages leaving ledges at the depth of 21m, 49m and 91m. The great blue hole initially measured depth was 215m and as expedition by the Cambrian measured it’s hole depth as 124m, this differences in measurement is because of the ongoing sedimentation in measurements.

Two submarines in 2018, December descended into the blue hole which is to map it’s interior and the team was able to complete a 3-D map of 1000 foot wide hole using Sonar scanning. They discovered many things and one among them was a layer of hydrogen sulfide at a depth of 300 feet approximately. The water is at that depth blow is dark and lacking of life.

Devil’s Bridge is used for dozens of ancient bridges, primarily found in Europe. Most of these bridges represent significant technical achievements in stone or masonry arch bridges and ancient architecture. Due to their unusual design, they were the subject of passion and stories in ancient and medieval Europe.

Each of the bridges of the devil usually contains myth-related myths or folk tales about its origin. These stories vary widely depending on the area and beliefs. Some have the devil as the builder of the bridge, relating to the danger or impossibility of such a bridge, which must first last or remain, which can only be built by the devil. Others have the knowledge to build such bridges as a gift from the devil to mankind as part of a deal, agreement or bargain between the devil and the local people, usually in exchange for their souls.

The bridges under Satan’s bridge category are so numerous that they form a special category of myths about them. Some myths, for example, have elements of elements from deceptive oral stories such as The Devil, The Covenant of Spirits and Master Builder Myths. One version of the story presents the bridge builder and the devil as enemies. As it is in the case, that often reflects the fact that the St. Gotthard Pass at Teufelsbrücke, these bridges were built under those challenging conditions that required the bridge to be successfully completed and its glorious position in the effort on the part of the heroic commitment builders and community.

In other versions of the myth he makes a pact with an old woman or a simple herd devil. In this version the devil agrees to build the bridge and instead gets the first soul to cross it. After building the bridge (often overnight) the devil is overpowered by his enemy, for example by throwing bread to lure a dog over the bridge, which will eventually go down into the water and bring peace to the community. In the case of Steinerne Brücke in Reagansburg, Chevy Satan speaks of helping a race between the builders of the bridge and the cathedral (actually a later construction), and there is a slight bump in the middle of the bridge which is said to have resulted from the devil jumping furiously when he was deceived by his gift.

The masterpiece would lead only to the completion of a small stream in Hamburg in Teufelsbrück, the carpenter had a covenant with the devil, who promised the first soul he would cross the bridge. On the day of the inauguration, when the priest and the district councilor were discussing who should get off the bridge first, a rabbit crossed it and the disappointed devil disappeared. A statue represents the legend there.The legend of Ponde della Madeleine in Borgo a Mozano, in the province of Luke, tells of a local monk, often a Saint Julian, who contracted with the hospital, the devil. On the day of childbirth, the monk sets fire to a dog or pig and tricks the devil into crossing the bridge.

At Chen, a thirteenth-century hearer tells of an architect who sold his soul to Satan and then continued to repent. M. of Sense. Le Guerrero cast out the devil with holy water and a demonic formula beginning with the words Wade Retro Satan, which he repented of. This formula was sometimes incorporated into the design of the famous St. Benedict’s Medal. Most bridges that have received Devil’s Bridge appeal are significant in some respects, often overcoming technical barriers to bridge construction, but sometimes serve for its aesthetic grace, or for its economic or strategic importance to the community.

Hacksaw Ridge as the name implies that was the site of some of the bloodiest fighting during the Battle war of Okinawa 74 years ago. Like many former World War II battle sites, time and nature have swallowed the carnage and muted the cries of the wounded and dying soldiers. This is a true story based on the war and this book is taken from the movie.  This book is written by Booton Herndon. This Hacksaw Ridge the movie focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacifist combat medic who, as a Seventh-day Adventist Christian, refused to carry or use a weapon or firearm of any kind. This main character Desmond Doss walked into the bloodiest battle of World War II’s Pacific theater with nothing to protect him but only which saved him were his Bible and his faith in God. A devout Seventh Day Adventist and conscientious objector, Doss had enlisted as a medic and refused to carry a rifle. All the soldiers left but he was at the battle to save the army man’s who were suffering from the pain. He was able to save seventy five soldiers he had a motive that one more lord one more please let me know to find one more by repeating these words. He had found all the soldiers in the United States of America including some Japanese soldiers who were attacking United States but he didn’t consider that an all he was medic so he saved as much he can. When he was given first aid and he must send them so that he took a rope tied in a tree and around the soldier who is wounded and he gave is full strength by letting down without injury by doing like this for the seventy five soldiers. His hands are burnt and the blood was bleeding and when he was rescuing the last soldier from pain he was a officer. But at the time when he was rescuing the officer the Japanese soldier saw Desmond and the officer shooted the Japanese soldier and he was laid in a cloth by shooting and Desmond was carrying and running he didn’t care about the death. Eventhough he had a fear about his life but his ultimate goal is to save people who are wounded in the war. In the last after saving all the soldiers Desmond also will come down because most of them was dead and those who were alive he saved them. Then slowly all recovered so again they come up to fight this time while fighting to trick the Americans these Japanese showed the white flag to stop the flag and they throwed bombs those who were near them. In that Desmond was among the soldiers so got injuries he thought he is going to die in that time to he asked for bible. Then however Americans won the battle in the field against the Japanese. The Japanese held the high ground, and yet they still lost the battle, and hence why the Japanese officer in charge killed himself, not through fear of being caught, but because he would have felt shame in not achieving the victory he assumed was theirs by right.  So this was the story it was full of Desmond a brave man who is not caring about his life but others life.

Tourism is the process of traveling from one place to another. According to the World Tourism Organization’s definition of a trip as tourism, a person must travel within a one-year period of “leisure, work, or other purpose away from his or her usual environment. Also, the traveler should not be paid for the place he or she traveled through.”

Tourism is the largest industry in the world. In 2010, 940 million international trips were made. This figure shows a growth of 6.6% over 2009. In 2010, global tourism reached $ 919 billion. World tourism declined from the second half of 2008 to the end of 2009 due to the recession of 2009. The bird flu that rocked the world in 2009 reduced the number of international tourists by 4.2% compared to 2009. Tourism is a major industry in many parts of the world. Tourism Transportation depends on five sectors: food, accommodation, leisure and entertainment and tourism services

The transportation, telecommunications, and hospitality sectors did not expand in ancient times. Thus the majority lived their lives in the villages where they were born. However, veterans, merchants, and religious people had the opportunity to go elsewhere. Many went there when the Chola kings invaded Sri Lanka and South Asia. Notables have been there. Historical records show that Tamil merchants visited many places from ancient times. Tamils ​​went to many places to worship at religious places and to spread their religion.

The travelers stayed with the residents of the place where they went for food and envelopes before getting the business hospitality spread. The houses had shrines. It was customary to feed and accommodate travelers coming home. Feeding, especially for religious elders, was considered the best blessing.

The rich built monasteries and provided food and temporary shelter for passers-by. It is noteworthy that the caste system was maintained in many of these monasteries. Tourism is considered by many to be the most lucrative sector in Third World countries. External contact and interaction are credited to locals. At the same time tourism has many disadvantages and riches.

The third world power business class is building at great expense the high-comfort zones they need to attract Westerners to Third World countries. It is built to push aside essential infrastructure and services. Such zones magnify the imbalance within the country. Critics say tourism revenues go into the realm of power rather than public development.

In countries such as Sri Lanka and Burma, tourism helps governments perpetuate violence. No matter how many ethnic issues erupt, foreign travelers continue to visit Colombo, Kandy and Galle in Sri Lanka. Tourism is also a major source of revenue for Burma’s dictatorship. Many foreign travelers also come to Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Philippines to engage in sexual exploitation. Poor boys and girls are exploited in this degrading manner. The West does not control these.

The Bermuda Triangle is also known as the Satanic Triangle, is a loosely defined area in the upper part of the North Atlantic Ocean where many aircraft and ships are said to have disappeared under mysterious circumstances. According to the U.S. Navy, this triangle does not exist and the name geographical names are not approved by the U.S. Board. The general public believes that these disappearances are due to paranormal energy or the action of extraterrestrial life.

There is significant documentary evidence that a number of cases have been inaccurate interpretations or have been compiled by the following author. And the number and nature of these disappearances are similar to any other part of the ocean. A number of official agencies have recorded that the following events, which could not be significantly investigated and explained, remain.The boundaries of this triangle include the Florida Strait, the Bahamas and the entire Caribbean Islands and the Atlantic East to the Azores; Still others [who?] Add the Gulf of Mexico to it.

A place on the Atlantic coast of Florida; [San Juan, Puerto Rico; And the Mid-Atlantic Island of Bermuda are referred to as triangular borders in many popular writings. Most of the crashes are centered on the southern border around the Straits of the Bahamas and Florida.This area is the busiest shipping area in the world. Ships pass through it daily to ports in the United States, Europe, and the Caribbean. There are a lot of luxury ships. Entertainment planes have always flown between and between Florida and the islands. From the north, a lot of commercial and private flights go to Florida, the Caribbean, and South AmericaAmerica.

The first article in a magazine that expressed triangular thinking in writing was EVW. Mention should be made of the news that Jones published on September 16,1950.Iff had written that many aircraft and ships were missing. It also mentioned that a group of five U.S. Navy bombers, Flight 19, went missing during a training operation.

Writers have used numerous paranormal ideas about the triangle to illustrate these phenomena. One explanation is that this is a technique that survives from the mythical lost continent Atlantis. Sometimes, an underwater rock formation called the Bimini Path on the island of Bimini in the Bahamas is said to be associated with the story of Atlantis. This area is set within the triangle by some definitions. Those who believed in the views of the evaporator Edgar Cayce predicted that the Atlantis source would be discovered in 1968, referring to the discovery of the Bimini Path. Believers call it the formation of a path, wall, or other structure, although geologists say it is natural.

Compass problems are one of the most commonly used terms in many triangular cases. Although some have speculated that abnormal magnetic waves may be present in the region, no such waves are known to exist.Planned extermination operations can be of two types: combat operations and piracy operations. Enemy logs have been checked during a number of incidents; The sinking of many ships is attributed to submarine attacks during World Wars and is documented in various order books. The reasons for many more incidents of this type are yet to be proven.

Human error is one of the most common causes of missing aircraft or ships during official investigations. Knowing that humans will make mistakes, intentionally or accidentally. It ends up going into a great tragedy. The Bermuda Triangle is no exception. For example, the Coast Guard cited a lack of proper training in the treatment of volatile benzene | benzene waste that VA Fox lost in 1972. Human stubbornness may also have contributed to the loss of business tycoon Harvey Conover’s cruise ship, the Revonok, as he sailed on the edge of a storm on January 1, 1958, in South Florida. Many losses remain unresolved as the broken vehicle is no longer available for inspection. This is a fact that is shown in many official statements.

Thus this Bermuda triangle is a mythical place in the world And no one knows wheather it’s stories are true or it’s just a mythical story, hope the future scientists will put an end to this puzzle.

Le Serpent D’ Océan, I don’t know how many of as knew this. This is situated on the Frenchshore at saint Brevin-les-pins. In that shore a massive metal sculpture of a serpent is situated and it is created by Chinese- French artist Huang Yong Ping, actually this is based on the rough iconography of Chinese mythological dragons and this is a 400- foot long art monster.

This art is posed in a slithering movement which is only a bones of a snakes which is made up of a dull metal frame that gives a life like quality to the sculpture.

The skeletal serpent was unveiled and entitled Serpent D’ Océan, in 2012 as a part of Estuaire art exhibition and involves international artists to create many long-scale sculptures using the environment surrounding the Loire river between Nantes and Saint-Nazaire.

This sculpture has a message which seems to a environmental nostalgia that the man’s mistreatment of ocean not only killing the ocean but also the life of the ocean. The curve of the serpent mirror the twist and turns of the nearly saint Nazaire bridge which links the piece to the very modern improvement.

The serpent D’ Océan which is given it’s location on the shore can be seen strange living creature in the ocean and can be seen as preserved skeleton depending upon the tide level. This is really a scary and also a fantastic art work.

We all know the unpleasant feeling of being dependent on someone or something. You remember all the times your parents gave you money for something, you needed money to take a ride, borrow something from your friend and so on. You felt uncomfortable and a little disappointed by the fact that you had to rely on others to survive your day. Then, as you were growing up, you realized that you can do most things yourself. You gained knowledge, started a job, found your own place, increased your income and got out of debt, brought a car and everything you needed and became independent. Or at least you thought so. You settled down and everything was looking great at that time. But then many thoughts started popping up in your mind. Many unpleasant memories, unsaid words, feelings and emotions you didn’t enjoy, even people from the past. It was all in your head, that’s for certain. But it became much more important and crucial and suddenly you couldn’t enjoy all the things you’ve accomplished and worked so hard for.

Maybe you abandoned your inner world because you were concentrating too much on the outer self with its material objects, people, circumstances and primary needs. Suddenly, all that was inside started to affect what was outside and the balance was lost. At that moment, you became emotionally dependent. Mentally dependent and spiritually dependent. And worse, you realized that you’ve always been that way.Emotional dependence is a state of mind which we have all experienced at some point. It’s when your mind is full of uncertainty, you are indecisive, other people manipulate you and affect you in some way, you let everyone treat you the way he wants and feel vulnerable, dependent, weak and confused. It is often said that with all the things going on in the world today, we just can’t become fully independent. But there are some things to work on that can keep it to a minimum and let us be free and enjoy life. Here’s a quick guide to be emotionally independence:

1. ACCEPT YOURSELF-Stop denying who you are or who you were. It’s nice to have a great desire to improve yourself and become that new “you”, but first you have to get to know the one you have now. Be aware of your strengths and weaknesses.
2. LET GO OF THE PAST-In my opinion, one of the worst ways to live your life is to be stuck in your past. To constantly get back to it, remember past events and people and to be full of regrets. Some people always think that they could have done better if things had been opposite. They wish they hadn’t done this or that. It’s a vicious circle and once you’re in it, you forget to live your life and soon end up being a sad person with no joy and dreams.
3. DECIDE FOR YOURSELF-Living consciously and being emotionally independent requires making reasonable, logical decisions and most importantly ones you take on your own. Stop relying on others to do things for you, or manipulate you only because they are more decisive, sociable or in control of the situation. Define exactly what you want from life and don’t be afraid to say it out loud. You will also need to trust yourself and become more confident in what you say, do or think. Think for yourself and even if you make mistakes, accept that and just try to do better next time. But don’t let others push you, change you mind and decide for yourself.
4. DON’T GET TOO ATTACHED TO PEOPLE-Everyone loves his family, kids, friends, pets and relatives, but some people tend to get too attached to others and that rarely ends well. We do our best when we act as individuals and have our own point of view. So spare some time to analyze you relationships with the people in your life and decide whether you are too dependent on someone. If you see the world through someone else’s eyes you most probably depend too much on them. It’s better to expect less from others so that they won’t disappoint you, because that will hurt your feeling and won’t bring peace to your family.
5. TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY- This is something you’ll have to do one way or another if you are willing to reach success, happiness, mental stability and emotional independence. It means that you are completely aware of your thoughts, actions and feelings and accept them as they are. Take responsibility for how you feel, because no matter what, you are the one who chose to feel that way. Realize that you are the only one who is responsible for everything that has happened to you. You are in charge of what you say, how you look, how you react yo things, how you feel and how you behave. Understand that, take responsibility and move on learning how to be emotionally independent. It will be much easier this way.
6. ACCEPT JUDGEMENT AND CRITICISM-People love to talk about others and to point out their bad sides. They do it all the time. But how you are going to react is up to you. Whatever you do, there will be someone to judge it. So don’t try to please everyone and answer people’s expectation. I know that every human being wants to be accepted by others and we feel good when they like us but we are dependent on people’s opinion. To start living a free and peaceful life, you need to stop yearning for attention and acceptance and to just do what you think is right.

It’s better to trust your intuition and heart rather than relying on what society thinks is right. The best way to react to criticism is with understanding. Try to put yourself in the position of the one judging you and who knows maybe he has a point there and you are doing something wrong. Or by judging you, he is actually expressing how he feels inferior to you. Or maybe he has some issues and this is the only way he can let all the anger he keeps inside go. Express compassion, be kind and show love. Most of the times this is all people need and the minute they receive it from someone, they give the same in return. So, that’s how to be emotionally independent.

Introduction:

A Universal motor is a type of electrical motor which can run on DC supply or single phase AC supply of same voltage with similar characteristics are called as Universal motor.  Universal motors are series-wound (i.e. the armature and field windings are in series), due to which high torque is produced and they can run at high speed (about 3500rpm). These motors run at a higher speed on DC supply than they run on AC supply of the same voltage. This is due to the reactance voltage drop that is present only in AC and not in DC.

Connstruction of Universal Motor:

In Universal Motor, some modification are done which lets it run on AC supply as well as on DC supply. However, the construction is similar to that of Series Wound DC motor.

It consists of a stator on which the field poles are mounted. Field coils are wound around the field poles. Both the stator field circuit and armature of a universal motor are laminated. Lamination is necessary to reduce the eddy currents that are produced while operating on AC.

The rotary armature is of wound type having straight or skewed slots and commutator with brushes resting on it. The commutation on AC is poorer than that for DC because of the current induced in the armature coils. Hence, the brushes which are used in this motor have high resistance.

It is manufactured in two types:

• Non-Compensated Type (Low H.P.)- The Non-compensated type has two poles, having entire magnetic path laminated. Armature is of Wound type.

• Compensated Type (High H.P.)- The Compensated type has distributed field winding consisting of main field winding and compensating winding.

Working of Universal Motor:

When Universal motor is fed with a DC supply, it works as a DC series motor. In this case, when the current flows in the field winding, it produces an electromagnetic field. The same current also flows in the armature conductors. When a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the conductor experiences a mechanical force. This mechanical force causes the rotor to rotate. Fleming’s Left-hand rule gives us the direction of this force.

When Universal motor is fed with AC supply, a unidirectional torque is produced. This is because the armature winding and the field winding are connected in series and are in the same phase. Hence, when the polarity of the AC changes, the direction of the current in the armature and the field winding also changes. The direction of the magnetic field and the direction of armature current reverse so that the direction of force experienced by armature conductors remains the same. Hence, whether AC or DC supply is supplied, universal motors work on the same principle that DC series motors work on.

Properties of Universal Motor:

• They run at high speed.
• They have high starting torque.
• They have Compact size and are lightweight.
• They are noisy because of the commutator and brushes.
• The efficiency of universal ranges from 30% for small motors to 75% for large motors.

Speed-Load Characteristic of Universal Motor:

Application of Universal Motor:

Universal motors are used in applications where high speed and good speed control is necessary. The various applications for which universal motor is used are:

• Universal Motors are used in table fans, hairdryers and grinders.
• They are used in portable drill machines.
• They are used in polishers, blowers and kitchen appliances.

External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar yesterday said it is crucial for international community to press for permanent and comprehensive ceasefire in Afghanistan to ensure immediate reduction in violence and protection of civilians.
 
Speaking at the UNSC Debate on UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Dr Jaishankar said intra Afghan talks have not resulted in a reduction of violence in Afghanistan.
 
Dr Jaishankar reiterated India’s support for an inclusive, Afghan-led, Afghan-owned and Afghan-controlled peace process.
 
He said for enduring peace in Afghanistan, terrorist safe havens and sanctuaries must be dismantled immediately and their supply chains disrupted. He added that those providing material and financial support to terrorist entities must be held accountable.
 
The Minister said India is committed to steadfastly supporting Afghanistan during its transition. He said the development partnership, including over 550 community development projects covering 34 provinces, is aimed at making Afghanistan a self-sustaining nation. 

The People’s Alliance for Gupkar Declaration (PAGD) yesterday announced that a team headed by Dr. Farooq Abdullah and comprising PDP Chief Mehbooba Mufti and Amalgam’s spokesperson Mohammad Yousuf Tarigami will attend the All Party Meeting called by Prime Minister Nadrendra Modi in New Delhi tomorrow. 
 
Dr. Abdullah, who heads the amalgam, met the media in Sri Nagar after the meeting of the PAGD leaders at his residence. He said that they have received invitation from Prime Minister and they are going to attend the meeting.
 
Dr. Farooq, Chief of National Conference NC and Member of Parliament from Srinagar, said they are confident that they will put their stand before Prime Minister and Home Minister.
 
The PAGD is an alliance of six parties in Jammu and Kashmir, including the NC and the PDP, formed in the aftermath of the GoIs August 2019 decision to nullify Article 370 and split J&K into two union territories. The group’s public stand is for the restoration of the special status of the ‘state’ of J&K.

Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan has said more than 20 countries have shown interest in the COWIN platform for help in vaccination campaign.

In a tweet, the Minister said India will share the success story of COWIN on 30th June with the world at a global conference.  He said this is an answer to those people who raised doubts about the country’s vaccination programme.

India has administered 54 lakh 24 thousand vaccine doses during the last 24 hours. Over 29 crore 46 lakh vaccine doses have been administered so far under Nationwide Vaccination Drive.
 
The Health Ministry said, India reported 50 thousand 848 new cases in the last 24 hours.The active caseload has declined to six lakh 43 thousand 194 which is the lowest in 82 days.
 
Over 68 thousand 817 patients recovered during the last 24 hours taking total recoveries to more than two crore 89 lakh 94 thousand. Daily recoveries continue to outnumber the daily new cases for the 41st consecutive day. The Recovery Rate has increased to 96.56 per cent.
 
Weekly Positivity Rate remains below five per cent, which is currently at 3.12 per cent. Daily positivity rate is at 2.67 percent, less than five per cent for 16 consecutive days.
 
COVID testing capacity has been substantially ramped up and 39.59 crore tests have been conducted so far. 

Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized that reforms with conviction and incentives have improved the ease of living especially for poor and middle class, ease of doing business and fostered centre-state bhagidari.
 
The Prime Minister also lauded the States and said they were able to raise an extra Rs 1.06 lakh crores in 2020-21 amid financial crunch across the world.
 
In a blog post in LinkedIn, yesterday, Mr Modi said states were able to raise an extra 1.06 lakh crore rupees in 2020-21. He said this significant increase in availability of resources was made possible by an approach of Centre-State bhagidari.
 
It may be recalled that Prime Minister Narendra Modi had earlier forecast the country’s Economy will grow rapidly and it will result in overall and equitable prosperity among the people of the country.
 
In May 2020, as part of the Aatmanirbhar Bharat package, Government announced that states would be allowed to enhance borrowing for 2020-21. Mr Modi said an extra 2 percent of GSDP was allowed, of which one percent was made conditional on the implementation of certain economic reforms.
 
He said this was a nudge, incentivising the states to adopt progressive policies to avail additional funds. He added that the results of this exercise are not only encouraging but also run contrary to the notion that there are limited takers for sound economic policies.  
 
The Prime Minister said the four reforms to which additional borrowings were linked had two characteristics. Firstly, each of the reforms was linked to improving the Ease of Living to the public and particularly the poor, the vulnerable, and the middle class. Secondly, they also promoted fiscal sustainability.

The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world’s foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. Every year on 23 June, International Olympic Day is celebrated across the world. The day was initially observed to promote the idea of the Olympics and in order to celebrate the establishment of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). This committee was formed on 23 June, 1894 in Sorbonne, Paris. Who was the three pillars of Olympic Day are move, learn and discover. Through these messages, sports organizations today are promoting the benefits of physical exercise, inspiring people to get active and enabling them to discover new sports while embracing the Olympic ideals regardless of ability or background. Olympics is a collection of game which is played by all over the world in that they will who is first, second and third. The IOC will allow a maximum of 3,500 athletes and 875 officials to participate at the summer games, while 970 athletes and 580 officials are expected at the winter games. Each participating country would send at least four athletes in the Olympics game. There will thousand great players in a country in that only 4 will be selected in that one will be selected for the final matches. Olympic is a great game which will intresting part of the human beings for some 16 days this Olympic will be conducted four years once. The four-year interval between the Ancient Games editions was named an “Olympiad”, and was used for dating purposes. Time was counted in Olympiads rather than years at the time. There are Olympic games conducted in the year 2016 Summer Olympics included 28 sports, with five additional sports due to be added to the 2020 Summer Olympics program (which was postponed to at least 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic); the 2014 Winter Olympics included seven sports. We don’t know when the Olympic will be conducted all the things are stopped because of the corona pandemic. When the entire situation including the corona pandemic comes to an end only they can start the games. The Tokyo Games are just a month away and to keep up with the Olympic spirit, Prime Minister Narendra Modi took to Twitter on Wednesday to salute the efforts and contribution of Indian athletes on the occasion of International Olympic Day. PM Modi, in his tweet, said the nation is proud of all the athletes who have represented India in various Olympic events over the years. “Today, on Olympic Day, I appreciate all those who have represented India in various Olympics over the years. Our nation is proud of their contributions to sports and their efforts towards motivating other athletes. Many legends are appreciating and motivating all the players who are waiting to succeeded in their game and to give a proud a movement to our nation. The India is the best country in all and proving by each and everything we do and say.

ALWAYS PROUD TO BE AN INDIAN

teacher (also called a schoolteacher or formally, an educator) is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge, competence or virtue.

Informally the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task). In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college. Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g. youth worker, pastor).
In most countries, formal teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers. This article focuses on those who are employed, as their main role, to teach others in a formal education context, such as at a school or other place of initial formal education or training.
Duties and functteacher’s role may vary among cultures.
Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.
Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.
A teacher’s professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching. Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips, supervise study halls, help with the organization of school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities. In some education systems, teachers may be responsible for student
many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional qualifications or credentials from a university or college. These professional qualifications may include the study of pedagogy, the science of teaching. Teachers, like other professionals, may have to, or choose to, continue their education after they qualify, a process known as continuing professional development.
The issue of teacher qualifications is linked to the status of the profession. In some societies, teachers enjoy a status on a par with physicians, lawyers, engineers, and accountants, in others, the status of the profession is low. In the twentieth century, many intelligent women were unable to get jobs in corporations or governments so many chose teaching as a default profession. As women become more welcomed into corporations and governments today, it may be more difficult to attract qualified teachers in the future.
Teachers are often required to undergo a course of initial education at a College of Education to ensure that they possess the necessary knowledge, competences and adhere to relevant codes of ethics.
There are a variety of bodies designed to instill, preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of teachers. Around the world many teachers’ colleges exist; they may be controlled by government or by the teaching profession itself.
They are generally established to serve and protect the public interest through certifying, governing, quality controlling, and enforcing standards of practice for the teaching profession.

The world is constantly changing at a rapid pace as new power centres emerge and old ones rejuvenate. China’s aggression in its maritime and land domain is a perfect example of the quick and rapid changes taking place in India’s neighbourhood. In this setting, the Quad’s four members, including India, have stepped up their efforts to protect their interests in all areas, including political, economic, environmental, and security. In the Indo-Pacific area, India has substantial strategic interests. It will need to build strategic alliances such as the Quad grouping to protect its interests against China’s unilateral growth in aggressiveness.

What exactly is QUAD?

The Quad or Quadrilateral Security Dialogue is an informal strategic dialogue involving India, Australia, the United States, and Japan, which is an island nation. Its goal is to make the Indo-Pacific area “free, open, and wealthy.” Shinzo Abe, the former Japanese Prime Minister, first proposed the Quad grouping concept in 2007. The concept could not be pursued at the time since Australia had apparently withdrawn owing to Chinese pressure. Another cause for the Quad’s demise was Japan’s new pro-Beijing government and the reaffirmation of the India-China connection.
All four members of ASEAN re-entered talks to reestablish the quadrilateral security partnership during the 2017 ASEAN summit. They paved the way for the development of a new policy to preserve the Indo-Pacific region’s crucial water routes free of foreign influence, particularly Chinese influence. In the face of China’s aggressive postures in the region, the organisation now seeks to promote a “free and open Indo-Pacific.” India. Japan and the United States were in negotiations to invite Australia to Malabar for a quadrilateral coordinated naval exercise.
The Quad grouping will get a new military dimension as a result of this military exercise. These four countries have made it clear that China’s growing assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific area must be controlled. Apart from restraining China’s growing power, the Quad also ensures that the Asian region is free of uncertainty.

The Quad is also a gathering of democratic countries that will undoubtedly aid in the promotion of democratic, rule-based, diverse, cooperative, and inclusive ideals.It will be more sustainable if the countries are able to balance their interests and include more substantive dimensions apart from the current cines.

Quadrangle Dimensions

DIPLOMAT -Diplomatic The Quad is a meeting place for diplomats. Quad sessions have attempted to address the Indo-Pacific region’s bigger agendas. Members have a high level of policy coordination on issues such as maritime security, terrorism, cyber security, and connectivity, all of which have an impact on the rules-based regional order. Even ASEAN collaboration, which is beneficial to maintaining peace and prosperity in the Asian area, can be supplemented by the Quad.

INTELLIGENCE– Intelligence Quad isn’t a strategic partnership yet. As a result, the amount of intelligence that can be shared among its members is limited. Regardless, there are indicators of increased information exchange in a number of military sectors, including marine domain awareness.

Because the Quad member’s key military assets are spread across the Indian Ocean, this vast geographical range offers a strategic advantage. In the marine industry, information sharing may be improved to combat concerns such as maritime terrorism and piracy. All four countries are developing information networks, with Australia, Japan, and the United States agreeing to share defense-related data. India has also started laying the groundwork for intelligence exchange with the United States and Japan.

MILITARY-The Quad’s military component does not play a significant role in deterrence. Military coordination between the Quad’s four members is restricted. Military-to-military interaction is, however, required. There are steps that may be taken to strengthen military readiness for any situation in the Indo-Pacific. The Indo-Pacific region’s states must develop their capacity. It will also be necessary to transmit military technology and defense equipment. States in the region continue to rely on larger powers like Russia and the United States. India can also play a supporting role in bolstering the regional governments’ military capability.

ECONOMY-Quad’s economic component will involve regional connectivity and economic integration. China’s Belt and Road Initiative has had a considerable impact on existing infrastructure development standards. China provides funds to a number of developing countries, which they employ to meet their infrastructure demands. Through the Indian Ocean, regional connectivity initiatives should strive to connect Far West Asia and Central Asia with South-East Asia. To promote regional connection and secure mutual interests in trade, commerce, connectivity, peace, and prosperity, investments in critical infrastructure should be made.

China and the Quad Nations

The Quad’s four members have some common concerns about China’s expanding power in the region, as they are all affected by China’s growing influence in their different spheres of influence.

USA- The United States has maintained a continuous policy of limiting China’s growing influence in East Asia. The Quad is seen by the United States as an opportunity to reclaim influence in the Indo-Pacific region. In its national security plan, national defense strategy, and Pentagon report on the Indo-Pacific strategy, the United States has referred to China as a strategic foe.

AUSTRALIA-Australia China’s rising interest in Australia’s land, infrastructure, politics, and universities has been a source of anxiety for the country. Taking into account the continent’s overwhelming economic reliance on China, it has maintained its commitment to a comprehensive strategic engagement with China. It is attempting to break free from its crippling reliance in regards to China.

Japan- Japan has expressed its displeasure with China’s territorial encroachment in the region. As a result of its extensive trading links with China, Japan must strike a balance between its economic requirements and territorial concerns.

INDIA-India China’s violations of international conventions, incursions of Indian borders, and buildup of military infrastructure, among other things, have constituted a severe threat to India. India must stand up to Chinese encroachment on its frontiers, protect its land and sea rights, and safeguard strategic autonomy.

India’s Benefits or Possibilities

For India, there are border clashes, the repercussions of the One Belt One Road Initiative, and the geopolitical implications of the China-Pakistan economic corridor. The Quad has numerous benefits that help it overcome these obstacles. India has a number of opportunities.

1. A boost in defense spending China invests more on defense than Japan, Australia, and India combined. The participation of the United States in the organisation will provide India’s defence sector a much-needed boost, as it will aid in technology transfer and defence collaboration.
2. Borders that are secure With China’s encroachment on India’s frontiers, Quad could prove to be a useful ally in limiting Chinese influence in India’s border regions. Both China’s and Pakistan’s involvement in pressuring India has exacerbated the situation on the northern frontiers. Quad can help to keep things in check in this circumstance.
3. Indian Ocean Sustainability The Indian Ocean is the only ocean in the world named after a country, India. In the Indian Ocean region, India has the obligation of providing net security. India, along with the Quad nations, can challenge China’s String of Pearls or Maritime Silk Road, as well as its debt trap diplomacy, to provide sustainability and prosperity in the Indian Ocean region.
4. The Act East Policy of India With India’s participation in the Quad grouping, India’s Act East policy, which aims to improve economic, geopolitical, and cultural links with the large Asia-Pacific region, will be strengthened. It will also give a boost to SAGAR’s mission. SAGAR(security and growth for all in the region)
5. The Region’s Stability India is concerned about the United States’ waning importance and the rise of China’s influence in the Indian Ocean and Asia. Instabilities in the regions that harm India’s interests may result from the imbalance caused by such a circumstance. As a result, Quad grouping may provide an opportunity to instill stability in its surrounding region.

Quadrilateral Challenges

Though the Quad Grouping has many tangible benefits, it also has a number of issues that must be addressed in order for it to be a success. These problems include the following:

1. An Ambiguous Vision Despite the possibility of cooperation, the Quad remains a vehicle with no clear strategic goals. The separate interests of each country in the grouping can also be used to determine this. India seeks to advance all of the region’s security and economic interests, whereas the US wants a formal alliance.
2. Non-alignments India’s foreign policy is based on the non-alignment idea. To confront the Chinese menace, India will need to forsake its non-alignment strategy and join a formal alliance with the US and two other countries in the form of the Quad.
3. China’s ties with ASEAN China has lent the ASEAN area a large sum of money. It also has a number of strategic infrastructure projects and military bases in several ASEAN countries’ islands. Following the RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) agreement, China’s influence in ASEAN has risen even further.
4. There is no consensus among members. Each member of the Quad has a different strategic interest. They anticipate the Quad as a means of furthering their own interests and achieving their goals. There is no shared vision among the Quad members. Though progress has been achieved in several meetings among the members, a long-term vision document is required.

Next Steps

The Quad will have to develop its own distinct perspective. It will have to move beyond China’s centricity and be open to accommodate each other’s interests in order for “talks of a Free and Open Indo-Pacific” to become more than just that. To evolve, the Quad should focus on building a strong regional framework and collaborating with all regional parties.

Biography of  Abdul kalam

Early life and education:

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi. Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. His ancestors had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Even though his ancestors had been wealthy Marakayar traders, the family had lost most of its fortunes by the 1920s and was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. Marakayar are a Muslim ethnic found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim descendance from arab traders and local women. Their business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and the island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. As a young boy he had to sell newspapers in order to add to the family’s meager income. With the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family fortune and properties were lost over time, apart from the ancestral home. In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially mathematics.    After  completing his education at the Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend Saint Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, then affiliated with the University of Madras, from where he graduated in physics in 1954 He moved to Madras in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute of Technology .

Scientist :

After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Government of India) as a scientist after becoming a member of the Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS). He started his career by designing a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO Kamala

was also part of the INCOSPAR committee working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian

President :

  Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the “People’s President  he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour.

Personal life:

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021) Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammed  He was extremely close to his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums of money to his older relations, himself remaining a lifelong bachelor.

Kalam was noted for his integrity and his simple lifestyle. He never owned a television, and was in the habit of rising at 6:30 or 7 a.m. and sleeping by 2 a.m His few personal possessions included his books, his veena, some articles of clothing, a CD player and a laptop; at his death, he left no will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him

AWERDS :

    Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1931, in Tamil Nadu, India. A preeminent scientist, a gifted engineer, and a true visionary, this past president of India is also a humble humanitarian in every sense of the word. Dr. Kalam’s meteoric rise from extremely modest beginnings to the highest levels of science and technology in India’s successful space and defense programs and ultimately to the position of the country’s universally admired and respected president, ( 1981) Padma Bhushan and Padma vibhushan ( 1990 )

DEATH :

   On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture on “Creating a Livable Planet Earth” at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. While climbing a flight of stairs, he experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the auditorium after a brief rest At around 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed. He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of lifel Despite being placed in the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m. On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram‘s Pei Karumbu Ground with full state honours. Over 350,000 people attended the last rites, including the Prime Minister, the governor of Tamil Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.

By : G Gnana Priya dharshini

Benefit of yoga

The art of practicing yoga helps in controlling an individual mind body soul .it brings together physical and mental disciplines to achieve a peaceful body and mind .it helps manage stress and anxiety and keeps you relaxing .it also helps in increasing flexibility ,muscle strength and body tone .

* yoga imcreases your flexibility

* Yoga helps you to build strength

* yoga improves your posture

* yoga is powerful mindfulness practise

* yoga reduce stress

* yoga lowers blood pressure

while living a modern life your brain is constantly engaged in endless thoughts and never rests in  tranquality .As a result yoi lack focus ,skill and vitality .the yoga calms the brain and enhances its vital functioning .This makes it the most effective and important practice to adopt in modern times .

International Music Day or World Music Day is a concept too good to believe and the best part is that it actually exists. Yes, International Music day or the IMD was initiated on the 1st of October in 1975 by Lord Yehudi Menuhin. It was first organized by the International Music Council on 1st of October, 1975, in accordance with the resolution taken at the 15th General Assembly in Lausanne in 1973.The International Music Council (IMC) or the guardian of the IMD was founded by UNESCO in 1949. The IMC is the world’s largest network of organizations, institutions and individuals functioning in the field of music. The International Music Council encourages and fosters musical diversity, access to culture for everyone and unites organizations in some 150 countries worldwide in building peace and understanding among people cutting across class, culture and heritage.

The IMC in its bid to establish a global harmony through the music, celebrates the International Music Day and with special focus on organizing musical events, radio and television programs and press recordings. Amidst all this the onus is also on building up an environment more conducive and hospitable to music-on the practice, consumption and the general aura of music. So, an important zone of interest is also struggle against the pollution of the sound environment and quite interestingly the IMC proposes that each country should maintain a few moments of silence on the International Music Day, and use that silence to listen to music played out in main city squares.

On International Music Day, the desired aim is to create a global atmosphere of music, a platform for people to come together with their diversities and mingle to make one unified whole. Like any other artistic or cultural celebrations the day is generally to celebrate art and to successfully realize these activities, it is essential to mobilize all means at our disposal in the 21st century-the radio and television, concert societies, opera companies, amateur societies; a great many different types of localities should all be used to their best advantage.In various countries the day is the perfect opportunity to organize grand concerts by roping in the greatest musical artistes of our. Also common are random musical events and talent shows to seek out the new and emerging musical artistes- to build up a treasury of the old and new in the world of music. Music after all is the greatest unifier in humanity and all significant social events have musical pieces dedicated to it. No event is better recognized or defined than by music which defines and completes a perfect human social and aesthetic experience.

Before we continue we must first of all find out what the two really are and then we will be able to identify the difference between them.

So then, what is blogging?  Blogging was actually created by Justin Hall. It all started in 1994 when many witness the   birth of the first blog. According to creative blog,  It was  called  Links.net  – a place where  creator  Justin Hall could share his musings and  his favorite  links  with the world .  It was a page where he could express himself, share his ideas and content on the web (Creative blog).

As years went by and technology progressed   in 1997 ,  many people started using their own personal websites as a place  to spotlight their ideas, the term “ weblog” was coined and  shortened to “ blog”   in 1999( Creative blog) .

People needed a place to share ideas, thoughts, express their feelings, and experiences. They found that having a place where you could share ideas and express yourself was an ideal way to share intimate information with people who are very close to you, friends and family.

According to creative blog,   when people first started blogging   they did not have to share it on Facebook or join a content network   or outwardly promote it. It was actually private   and people shared it with people they knew and they knew where to find them.

Before, blogging grew to what we know it today,   early blogger’s hosted contents on sites like Xanga. It was founded in 1998, and live journal in 1999.  Both were simple to use,  but  were  mostly  only able  to swap  out colors schemes  and minor  layout pieces, but very  effective  at allowing users to publish  quickly  and easily( Creative blog).

Many people became very interested in this new thing that they started looking beyond their intimate circle for more information to read. They started exploring, looking for the best blog and content on the web.    Blogging actually gained it roots when Charlotte Observer set up its blog and used it to share information in mainstream news something that had not been done before.  They used it and kept people informed. The Bonnie Blog set   records for page views on the observer’s site. They also set the stage along with Drudge reports breaking of the Clinton –Lewinsky scandal, for a major shift in the way blogging platform were used (Creative Blog).

Soon people started showing interest in blogging and online news.  They needed to find new ways on how to manage the content and share these ideas with the public.  According to creative blog, I n 2003 Google launch AdSense, this allowed bloggers to earn income for their work.  Soon many people were blogging. This gave them the opportunity to earn an income for the work that they do. Now it has become a profession for some people whereby they learn how to blog and make money. As we have seen what was once consider to be expression of people’s feelings , passion, ideas , thoughts and what was  going on around the world, like current events has evolve to a whole new phenomenon. Blog is abbreviated of “Weblog,”   it is used to describe websites that maintain an ongoing chronicle of information.  A blog is like a personal diary type commentary and links to articles on other websites.   It ranges from personal to political and can focus on concerns of the people. It is a place where most people feel very free to write and share their concerns.

“What is the difference between Blogging and Journalism?”

 “What is the difference between Blogging and Journalism?”

Before we continue we must first of all find out what the two really are and then we will be able to identify the difference between them.

So then, what is blogging?  Blogging was actually created by Justin Hall. It all started in 1994 when many witness the   birth of the first blog. According to creative blog,  It was  called  Links.net  – a place where  creator  Justin Hall could share his musings and  his favorite  links  with the world .  It was a page where he could express himself, share his ideas and content on the web (Creative blog).

As years went by and technology progressed   in 1997 ,  many people started using their own personal websites as a place  to spotlight their ideas, the term “ weblog” was coined and  shortened to “ blog”   in 1999( Creative blog) .

People needed a place to share ideas, thoughts, express their feelings, and experiences. They found that having a place where you could share ideas and express yourself was an ideal way to share intimate information with people who are very close to you, friends and family.

According to creative blog,   when people first started blogging   they did not have to share it on Facebook or join a content network   or outwardly promote it. It was actually private   and people shared it with people they knew and they knew where to find them.

Before, blogging grew to what we know it today,   early blogger’s hosted contents on sites like Xanga. It was founded in 1998, and live journal in 1999.  Both were simple to use,  but  were  mostly  only able  to swap  out colors schemes  and minor  layout pieces, but very  effective  at allowing users to publish  quickly  and easily( Creative blog).

Many people became very interested in this new thing that they started looking beyond their intimate circle for more information to read. They started exploring, looking for the best blog and content on the web.    Blogging actually gained it roots when Charlotte Observer set up its blog and used it to share information in mainstream news something that had not been done before.  They used it and kept people informed. The Bonnie Blog set   records for page views on the observer’s site. They also set the stage along with Drudge reports breaking of the Clinton –Lewinsky scandal, for a major shift in the way blogging platform were used (Creative Blog).

Soon people started showing interest in blogging and online news.  They needed to find new ways on how to manage the content and share these ideas with the public.  According to creative blog, I n 2003 Google launch AdSense, this allowed bloggers to earn income for their work.  Soon many people were blogging. This gave them the opportunity to earn an income for the work that they do. Now it has become a profession for some people whereby they learn how to blog and make money. As we have seen what was once consider to be expression of people’s feelings , passion, ideas , thoughts and what was  going on around the world, like current events has evolve to a whole new phenomenon. Blog is abbreviated of “Weblog,”   it is used to describe websites that maintain an ongoing chronicle of information.  A blog is like a personal diary type commentary and links to articles on other websites.   It ranges from personal to political and can focus on concerns of the people. It is a place where most people feel very free to write and share their concerns.

On the other hand   when we say Journalism one will wonder what it is. The  dictionary .com acknowledges that  journalism is the occupation of reporting , writing , editing , photographing  or broadcasting  news or of conducting  any  news organization as a business ( Dictionary.com).   This reporting style does not include people’s opinions; however it involves data collection, authority, facts, information from reliable sources   and verification to ensure that the information is accurate and proven to be the truth.  Their work mostly consists of doing research to ensure that everything they report about actually did happened and it is the truth.  We might have seen it before.  That sometimes when an incident occurs and the network does not verify the source to make sure that the story is true they later end up apologizing for their mistakes, networks like CNN, CBS, BBC and others have done it a few times.   This is because they lack the facts and it can have a detrimental impact on the people receiving the news or on the network reporting it. According to the American Press Institute, “ the value  flows  from its purpose , to  provide people  with verified  information  they can  use  to make  better  decisions , and its  practices ,  the most important  of which  is systematic  process.  A discipline of verification that journalist use to find not just facts, but also the “truth about the facts.”

Now that we have an idea of what blogging is and what journalism is we can infer the difference between the two.

Saleem  khan  a career  journalist  reports that ,  the key difference between blogging and journalism is that, with blogging  people tend to offer more opinion  and analysis that links to news  stories  reported  by mainstream media  while  professional journalist  tend to gather   and report facts and opinion from expert source.

The art of journalism requires  that  the journalist finds a fact or premise  determine  the veracity of  that fact or premise by verifying it with different sources before reporting it  and attributing to it. With blog there is no such requirement or expectation with it.  All one needs is a blog which defined primarily by format: a web page or site comprised of series of post that typically   appear in reverse

Chronological order, which may include links commentary, multimedia content and a way of reader to comment on the site (khan).

However, with the increase involvement of people on the internet these days, Khan adds that Journalist has increasingly taken up blogging as a way to:

-Report observations on the fly share note book and story –behind –the story facts that don’t easily fit into the narrative of a formal news article.

-They cover stories that would be just a piece of a full article

Rights are what every human being deserves, no matter who they are or where they live, so that they can I’ve in a world that is fair and just. A responsibility is something that a person is expected to do. It is something that affects his life and the life of others. Since the rights are for everybody, we have to take on responsibility too. Rights and responsibilities are like two sides of a coin. Whenever and wherever you have any rights, you must have corresponding responsibilities too. We have rights in the same measure as we have responsibilities or duties. If we want to have rights, we have to act responsibly to have rights too.

Right
when we have to…
1) Express your opinion.
2) Protest laws that we think are unfair.
3) Speak freely
4) Vote for our leaders.
5) Be treated fairly.
6) Be treated with respect.

Responsibilities
we also have the responsibility to…..
1) Treat others fairly.
2) Respect others.
3) Listen respectfully to other’s opinions.
4) Not harm others with our actions.
5) Respect the privacy of others.
6) Allow people with our words.

Exercise your rights only when you fulfill your responsibilities. Remember, both your rights and responsibilities affect others. Therefore, maintain a fine balance between the two.

Maroju Sanjana

Mother Teresa became nun at the early age to serve the mankind in sorrow and suffering, helpless and downtrodden people, the orphans, homeless and hungry. She was born on 26th August, 1910. At 18 she left home and joined the charity of Loreto, an Irish community of nuns with missionary in India.Mother Teresa was the founder of the Order of the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic congregation of women dedicated to helping the poor.They are responsible for homes and hospices for those with tuberculosis, leprosy and HIV/AIDS as well as running soup kitchens, counseling programs for families, orphanages and schools. Those working for her missionaries must accept the vows of poverty, chastity, obedience and to give to those who are poor. Nun and missionary Mother Teresa, known in the Catholic church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta, devoted her life to caring for the sick and poor. Born in Macedonia to parents of Albanian-descent and having taught in India for 17 years, Mother Teresa experienced her “call within a call” in 1946. Her order established a hospice; centers for the blind, aged and disabled; and a leper colony. In 1979, Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize for her humanitarian work. She died in September 1997 and was beatified in October 2003.
There are many humanitarian in the history of the world. Out of the blue, Mother Teresa stood in that crowd of people. She is a lady of great caliber who spends her whole life serving the poor and needy people. Although she was not an Indian still she came to India to help its people. Above all, in this essay on Mother Teresa, we are going to discuss the various aspects of her life.Mother Teresa was not his actual name but after becoming a nun she received this name from the church after the name of St. Teresa. By birth, she was a Christian and a great believer of God. And due to this reason, she chooses to become a Nun.
She was an angel of hope for the people but death spares no one. And this gem died serving people in Kolkata (Calcutta). Also, on her death the whole nation shred tears in her memory. With her death the poor, needy, homeless, and weak again become orphans.Many memorials were made in her honor by the Indian people. Apart from that, foreign countries also make several memorials to give tribute to her.It was a difficult task for her to manage and teach poor children. But, she manages those hardships delicately.In the beginning, of her journey, she uses to teach poor kids using a stick by writing on the ground. But after years of struggle, she finally manages to arrange the necessary things for teaching with the help of volunteers and some teachers.
She was a well know woman due to her charity works and her missions that she did around the world. I chose this person because I think that she is a great person and I admire Mother Teresa because she helped poor people and she did so many works with the homeless people.

Human resource management (HRM or HR) is the strategic approach to the effective and efficient management of people in a company or organization such that they help their business gain a competitive advantage. It is designed to maximize employee performance in service of an employer’s strategic objectives.^{[1][need quotation to verify]} Human resource management is primarily concerned with the management of people within organizations, focusing on policies and systems.^[2] HR departments are responsible for overseeing employee-benefits design, employee recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, and reward management, such as managing pay and Employee benefits benefit systems.^[3] HR also concerns itself with organizational change and industrial relations, or the balancing of organizational practices with requirements arising from collective bargaining and governmental laws.^{[4][need quotation to verify]}

The overall purpose of human resources (HR) is to ensure that the organization is able to achieve success through people.^[5] HR professionals manage the human capital of an organization and focus on implementing policies and processes. They can specialize in finding, recruiting, training, and developing employees, as well as maintaining employee relations or benefits. Training and development professionals ensure that employees are trained and have continuous development. This is done through training programs, performance evaluations, and reward programs. Employee relations deals with the concerns of employees when policies are broken, such as cases involving harassment or discrimination. Managing employee benefits includes developing compensation structures, parental leave programs, discounts, and other benefits for employees. On the other side of the field are HR generalists or business partners. These HR professionals could work in all areas or be labour relations representatives working with unionized employees.

HR is a product of the human relations movement of the early 20th Century, when researchers began documenting ways of creating business value through the strategic management of the workforce.^[6] It was initially dominated by transactional work, such as payroll and benefits administration, but due to globalization, company consolidation, technological advances, and further research, HR as of 2015 focuses on strategic initiatives like mergers and acquisitions, talent management, succession planning, industrial and labor relations, and diversity and inclusion. In the current global work environment, most companies focus on lowering employee turnover and on retaining the talent and knowledge held by their workforce.^{[citation needed]} New hiring not only entails a high cost but also increases the risk of a new employee not being able to adequately replace the position of the previous employee. HR departments strive to offer benefits that will appeal to workers, thus reducing the risk of losing employee commitment and psychological ownership.

Cat, (Felis catus), also called house cat or domestic cat, domesticated member of the family Felidae, order Carnivora, and the smallest member of that family. Like all felids, domestic cats are characterized by supple low-slung bodies, finely molded heads, long tails that aid in balance, and specialized teeth and claws that adapt them admirably to a life of active hunting. Cats possess other features of their wild relatives in being basically carnivorous, remarkably agile and powerful, and finely coordinated in movement.
It is noteworthy that the ancestors of the other common household pet, the dog, were social animals that lived together in packs in which there was subordination to a leader, and the dog has readily transferred its allegiance from pack leader to human master. The cat, however, has not yielded as readily to subjugation. Consequently, the house cat is able to revert to complete self-reliance more quickly and more successfully than most domesticated dogs. For an account of the relationship of the family of cats to other carnivores, see carnivore.The “cat pattern,” established very early in the evolution of modern mammals, was a successful one: early cats were already typical in form at a time when the ancestors of most other modern mammalian types were scarcely recognizable. They first appeared in the early Pliocene Epoch (5.3 to 3.6 million years ago), and they have continued with remarkably little change into modern times.

INTERESTING FACTS

Cats are believed to be the only mammals who don’t taste sweetness.
Cats are nearsighted, but their peripheral vision and night vision are much better than that of humans.
Cats are supposed to have 18 toes (five toes on each front paw; four toes on each back paw).
Cats can jump up to six times their length.
Cats’ claws all curve downward, which means that they can’t climb down trees head-first. Instead, they have to back down the trunk.
Cats’ collarbones don’t connect to their other bones, as these bones are buried in their shoulder muscles.
Cats have 230 bones, while humans only have 206.
Cats have an extra organ that allows them to taste scents on the air, which is why your cat stares at you with her mouth open from time to time.
Cats have whiskers on the backs of their front legs, as well.
Cats have nearly twice the amount of neurons in their cerebral cortex as dogs.
Cats have the largest eyes relative to their head size of any mammal.
Cats make very little noise when they walk around. The thick, soft pads on their paws allow them to sneak up on their prey — or you!
Cats’ rough tongues can lick a bone clean of any shred of meat.
Cats use their long tails to balance themselves when they’re jumping or walking along narrow ledges.
Cats use their whiskers to “feel” the world around them in an effort to determine which small spaces they can fit into. A cat’s whiskers are generally about the same width as its body. (This is why you should never, EVER cut their whiskers.)
Cats walk like camels and giraffes: They move both of their right feet first, then move both of their left feet. No other animals walk this way.
Male cats are more likely to be left-pawed, while female cats are more likely to be right-pawed.
Though cats can notice the fast movements of their prey, it often seems to them that slow-moving objects are actually stagnant.
Some cats are ambidextrous, but 40 percent are either left- or right-pawed.
Some cats can swim.

Afghanistan, which has been given the epithet of the heart of Asia, is going through a transition. The United States troops that were deployed in the country will pull back by 11 September 2021. This comes after suffering from heavy losses- both militarily because of the loss of life of US soldiers and economically. This change which came after two decades will determine the fate of the entire region.

The experts believe that this might form a power vacuum because, in the absence of support for the United States, the elected government would not be able to hold peace and the Taliban might take over once again. The radical ideology supported by the group might retract the freedom that the afghans enjoyed during the brief period of an order under the Afghan government. However, the youth who received non-religious education might resist such surrender of rights, the pen cannot win a war against gun.

Peace in Afghanistan seems a distant goal because the tensions between the Afghan government and the Taliban were not resolved. The US endeavour failed because the peace process, which is a power sharing agreement, was never conceded by the Taliban. They see the US retreat as a victory. They will try to expand their influence which was confined to 19% of the country after a long and tiring operation in the past 20 years.

The Biden administration decision to leave the country in this state is being condemned globally and rightly so. The conditions in Afghanistan are conducive for a civil war. The biggest fear is that the rollback of US troops will bring things back to square one. All the progress achieved might vanish. In the end, it all boils down to the innocent lives that will churn in the politics and power play. Half of the pullback process is complete and the rush to fast track the process is clearly visible. Along with the US, Australia also closed its embassy till matters settle.

India and Afghanistan

India has upheld its stand. It will work for peace keeping in the Hindu Kush state. Assistance has been provided from India’s side in the past as well. These include road project from Zaranj to Delram, Salma dam power project in Herat province and construction of the Afghan Parliament. The American actions will have an impact on Indian investment in the region. India, along with other countries will have to play a bigger role in maintaining the gains that were achieved in the past while working for a peaceful Afghanistan. The developmental work done in the country will give some advantage to India. Also now India has opened communication with the Taliban. This gives a chance to serve as a better mediation of peace terms. India has been an advocate of ‘Afghan led, Afghan owned and Afghan controlled’ peace process.

A developed and peaceful Afghanistan will be good for Asia as a whole. Lastly, the heart of Asia should not suffer from a stroke. The issue needs a resolution and the countries will have to come together to help Afghanistan.

       “MOTHER” – is it a person or a simple concept?

Pretty obviously, the word consists of 6 letters. But, at the same time the word stands for 6 different characters all over the world each and every time – elder sister, mother, one’s better half, younger sister,  one’s friend(named as “girlfriend” if true love exists there) and lastly and most evidently, world’s strongest warrior. Everyone gets an idea but a few can execute that. With due respect to all the fathers, it must be said that if father is an idea , then mother is the execution of that idea or in a broader sense, if male is a thought, then female is the picture perfect setting of that. They are the true backbone, just like the way a tree gets grown up gradually after sowing the seed or just like the way the moon shines standing before the sun in a moon-lit night. If one knows the answer of a problem, one needs steps to prove it right? Same exists here.

Now, no matter who this mother is, one can produce it by itself. Going beyond the society, it can be witnessed that people are growing up alone. At times of misery, people are there to show people the way out and get out of ruin. They are the backbone of themselves, just like the way some trees get themselves attached to a support to get stabilise them by their own. They need none to take care of them. For them nothing like “mother” stands.

So without concluding, traditionally, a question can be arisen that does “MOTHER” exist in reality to make things easier or is it  just a concept which necessitates the existence of self- characterization?

Today most of the business and common rely upon computer. We have become more dependent on this machine that it has become an integral part of our day to day life.
The other reason why some people consider it to be vital is because of the ease of communication. Communication has become so simple and easy and you can talk to your friends and family even from work or even while travelling.
From time to time I took break from computer and internet. It always felt good, and I always had a feeling that I had more time when I am not in front of the computer. Or it is because I am too much into computer that I don’t even realize time going away.
Whenever I took break from internet and computer, it was always planned, also I did it by my own will. So I knew I wont be on the computer or internet for the next day or two. In short, I would be mentally prepared for a lifestyle without computer and internet. Once I even took a break and went on a trip to a remote place where there was no mobile signal. I enjoyed my trip and it felt really good.
But whenever my ISP goes down suddenly and I find that I do not have access to the internet, I really feel terrible. Sometimes I even feel that I have no connection to the outside world. I know it is silly, but can’t help, that is how I feel. And I go crazy as shown in the clip.
I felt the same way when my computer crashed early this week and failed to boot up. I literally panicked. When the technical support executive told me that the motherboard has to be replaced and a service engineer would visit me soon, the first question I asked was “if he will come today” . He said that the service guy will visit only after getting the essential parts (my case motherboard), this made me to worry further and I hoped that the parts are available readily.
Now, since I knew I wont have computer at home for another day or at least till the service guy comes, I made up my mind and planned my evening according to it.
When the motherboard was replaced and the service guy found that there was still some problem with the hard disk, it made me to worry again. He told me to call the technical support once again to place a complaint for the hard disk replacement. So, I thought another two days with no computer at home.
But somehow, I managed to boot up the system, so at least I could get online and read some news and talk to couple of friends.
This time the technical support person told me that I have to wait for around two days for the hard disk replacement. I don’t know what the reason is, but if they don’t come by the end of second day, I should end up waiting for another two days because of weekend.
All I hope is, my computer don’t crash during this waiting period and the hard disk get replaced as soon as possible.
I find it strange, I can live without computer and internet.

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Known as the Victorian era, her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than any previous British monarch. It was a period of industrial, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. In 1876, Parliament voted to grant her the additional title of Empress of India.Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (the fourth son of King George III), and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. After the deaths of her father and grandfather in 1820, she was raised under close supervision by her mother and her comptroller, John Conroy. She inherited the throne aged 18 after her father’s three elder brothers died without surviving legitimate issue. Though a constitutional monarch, privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.

Victoria married her first cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1840. Their children married into royal and noble families across the continent, earning Victoria the sobriquet “the grandmother of Europe” and spreading haemophilia in European royalty. After Albert’s death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism in the United Kingdom temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration. She died on the Isle of Wight in 1901. The last British monarch of the House of Hanover, she was succeeded by her son Edward VII of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.During Victoria’s reign, the political climate in British Parliament went through a major transition. The Tory Party split, forming the Liberal and Conservative parties, and started a succession of opposing administrations. Victoria played a crucial role as a mediator between arriving and departing prime ministers.Life in Britain during the 19th century was known as Victorian England because of Victoria’s long reign and the indelible stamp it and her persona placed on the country. Her strict ethics and personality have become synonymous with the era.Victoria died after a lengthy period of poor health on January 22, 1901, at the age of 81. Her son, the future King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were both at her bedside.Prince Albert Edward Wettin, Victoria’s eldest son, succeeded her to the British throne as King Edward VII upon her death in 1901.