The human brain did not evolve for life in a delayed-return environment.

The earliest remains of modern humans, known as Homo sapiens sapiens, are approximately two hundred thousand years old. These were the first humans to have a brain relatively similar to ours. In particular, the neocortex—the newest part of the brain and the region responsible for higher functions like language—was roughly the same size two hundred thousand years ago as today. You are walking around with the same hardware as your Paleolithic ancestors.

Compared to the age of the brain, modern society is incredibly new. It is only recently—during the last 500 years or so—that our society has shifted to a predominantly Delayed Return Environment. The pace of change has increased exponentially compared to prehistoric times. In the last 100 years we have seen the rise of the car, the airplane, the television, the personal computer, the Internet, and Beyonce. Nearly everything that makes up your daily life has been created in a very small window of time.

A lot can happen in 100 years. From the perspective of evolution, however, 100 years is nothing. The modern human brain spent hundreds of thousands of years evolving for one type of environment (immediate returns) and in the blink of an eye the entire environment changed (delayed returns). Your brain was designed to value immediate returns.

There are many ways to design an environment that promotes success.

Here are three strategies:

First, automate good decisions. Whenever possible, design an environment that makes good decisions for you. For example, buying smaller plates can help you lose weight by deciding portion size for you. A study from Brian Wansink at Cornell University found that people eat 22 percent less food by switching from 12-inch dinner plates to 10-inch plates. Similarly, using software to block social media sites can help overcome procrastination by putting your willpower on autopilot.

Second, get in the flow. A few years ago, PetSmart changed their checkout process. After swiping their credit card, customers were shown a screen that asked if they wanted to donate to “help save homeless animals.” Through this single strategy, PetSmart Charities raised $40 million in a year.

You can apply a similar strategy by designing an environment where good habits “get in the flow” of your normal behaviors. For example, if you want to practice a musical instrument, you could place it in the middle of your living room. Similarly, you are more likely to go to the gym if it is literally on the way home from work than if the gym is only five minutes away, but in the opposite direction of your commute. Whenever possible, design your habits so they fit in the flow of your current patterns.

Third, subtract the negative influences. Ancient farmers didn’t have the opportunity to remove the barriers that held them back, but you do. For example, Japanese television manufacturers rearranged their workspaces to save time by eliminating unnecessary turning, bending, and swiveling. You can also reduce the negative influences in your environment. For example, you can make it easier to avoid unhealthy foods by storing them in less visible places. (Foods that are placed at eye level tend to be purchased and eaten more frequently

When agriculture began to spread around the globe, farmers had an easier time expanding along east-west routes than along north-south ones. This is because locations along the same latitude generally share similar climates, amounts of sunlight and rainfall, and changes in season. These factors allowed farmers in Europe and Asia to domesticate a few crops and grow them along the entire stretch of land from France to China.

By comparison, the climate varies greatly when traveling from north to south. Just imagine how different the weather is in Florida compared to Canada. You can be the most talented farmer in the world, but it won’t help you grow Florida oranges in the Canadian winter. Snow is a poor substitute for soil. In order to spread crops along north-south routes, farmers would need to find and domesticate new plants whenever the climate changed.

As a result, agriculture spread two to three times faster across Asia and Europe than it did up and down the Americas. Over the span of centuries, this small difference had a very big impact. Increased food production allowed for more rapid population growth. With more people, these cultures were able to build stronger armies and were better equipped to develop new technologies. The changes started out small—a crop that spread slightly farther, a population that grew slightly faster—but compounded into substantial differences over time.

“GENETIC DISORDERS ATTRIBUTED TO COUSIN MARRIAGES”

 

The major cause of rare genetic disorders is attributed to intra-family marriages. First-cousin marriages have a higher risk of genetic diseases and intra-family marriages are too common .

 

 

 

There are more than 100 groups of disorders that pass through genes when close intra-family marriages happen. Culturally and historically, marriages between cousins are too common and these disorders keep on passing through genes to the next generation. Around 70% of marriages are cousin marriages or consanguineous marriages and every year hundreds are cases of genetic disorders emerge.

 

 

 

Islam, the major religion of the state does not prohibit people to marry outside of family or cast but due to illiteracy and caste issues many families prefer to marry in families and not outside. Due to these illiterate minds, harmful diseases are allowed to pass onto newborns which must be declared criminal negligence.

 

According to doctors, every couple should have a genetic test before marriage, because of deficiencies store in special compartments of body cells. The material building in each lysosome swells and occupies much space in the cell that leads to many other problems in cellular function and that is how diseases pass on.

 

Experts say that if these diseases are passed to a child, they will get some kind of abnormality. That can be mental abnormality or enlargement of somebody’s organs which may lead the child to die with a critical health condition.

 

 

 

More than 70 percent of the total marriages are in the same families. This tradition is observed like a religious obligation but in reality, it is not. A major consequence of this tradition is the prevalence of Thalassemia in the country which is a blood disorder. It can be treated by blood transfusions and iron chelation.

 

In a recent interview with a doctor, the doctor said that if one parent carries some disease in genes, the disease does not pass. But if both parents carry the same disease; which is generally common in intra-family marriages; there is a high chance that the defected genes will be passed on to the child.

 

In recent years, more than 50 children died due to the genetic disorders that emerged in first-cousin marriages. Last year, three brothers were brought to a hospital for treatment of some disability. It was found out that their family members were highly superstitious and did not approve of marriages out of the family. The three boys were born normal but later they developed the disability.

 

The government should allocate funds to research genetic disorders due to intra-family marriages. According to doctors, awareness should be spread about the dangers of marriages within families. First-cousin marriages should be banned as it is causing many diseases that are harmful to the future of the young generation. The government is requested to take initiative over this drastic issue and all people should be given the choice to choose their life partners outside of the family as well.

 

“Cousins are usually the first friends we have as children . No one will ever understand your crazy family like your cousin’s do even if u have not talked to much lately”

– MEREZJA F

Problems of Education:

Despite our best efforts, our educational development remains at a low level.

The following are the main problems faced in the progress of education:

Lack of funds:

The lack of sufficient funds is the main problem in the development of education. The outlay for education in Five Year Plans has been decreasing. Due to insufficient funds, most educational institutions lack infrastructure, science equipment, and libraries, etc. Due to this reason, desired results cannot be achieved.

Expensive higher education:

University, professional and technical education has become costly in India. Technical and professional institutes like IIM’s fee structure is relatively high IIM’s charge Rs. 2 lakh per semester for MBA classes. It is beyond the reach of the commoner. The privatization of higher education has led to the growth of profit-hungry entrepreneurs. Now a day’s higher education is a much costly affair.

Neglect of Indian languages:

The medium of instruction, particularly in science subjects, is English. So rural students who are not well versed in English cannot study science properly in English. They suffer a lot; Indian languages are still underdeveloped. Standard publications are not available in the Indian language.

The problem of Brain drain:

When intelligent, talented, and deserving candidates do not get suitable jobs in the country, they prefer to seek employment. So our country is deprived of good talent. This phenomenon is called ‘Brain drain.’

Mass illiteracy:

Despite constitutional directives and economic planning, we are not able to achieve cent percent literacy. -Even now, 35 percent of people remain illiterate. In India, the number of illiterates is almost one-third of the total illiterates in the world. Advanced countries are 100% literate; the position in India is quite dismal.

Wastage of resources:

Our education system is based on General Education. The dropout rate is very high at the primary and secondary levels. Most of the students in the 6-14 age groups leave the school before completing their education. It leads to wastage of 5nancial and human resources.

General education-oriented:

Our educational system is of General Education in nature. The development of technical and vocational education is quite unsatisfactory. So our teaching is unproductive. Hence the number of educated unemployed persons is increasing day by day. This has become a significant concern for Govt.

Problems of primary education:

Our primary education is ridden with too many problems. A large number of primary schools have no buildings to talk of basic facilities like drinking water, urinals, and electricity, furniture and study materials, etc. Large numbers of primary schools are single-teacher schools, and many schools are even without teachers. So the drop rate is very high and a cause of concern. Concluding, we can say that there is a quantitative expansion of education, but we are still lagging in qualitative development.

(Copywriting)…..

India’s New Education Policy

The New Education Policy 2020 has been approved by the Union Cabinet and renamed the HRD Ministry as Education Ministry. Also, there will be a single regulator for all the higher education and MPhil to be discontinued. During the New Education Policy announcement, Prakash Javadekar informed that the main agenda behind introducing the same is the need of the hour, and it will prepare the students to face the challenges of the new world. Moreover, the NEP will promote skill-based education and enhance the practical skills of the students.

Addressing the nation on 74th Independence Day, PM Modi stated that the New Education Policy would play an essential role in making India self-reliant. According to him, the NEP has been introduced with the aim objective to strengthen research and innovation in the country.

NEP focuses on the National Research Foundation because innovation is essential for a country to progress. Only when research and innovation are strong enough will we be able to go into this competitive world.a

The New Education Policy 2020 has been approved by the Union Cabinet and renamed the HRD Ministry as Education Ministry. Also, there will be a single regulator for all the higher education and MPhil to be discontinued. During the New Education Policy announcement, Prakash Javadekar informed that the main agenda behind introducing the same is the need of the hour, and it will prepare the students to face the challenges of the new world. Moreover, the NEP will promote skill-based education and enhance the practical skills of the students.

Addressing the nation on 74th Independence Day, PM Modi stated that the New Education Policy would play an essential role in making India self-reliant. According to him, the NEP has been introduced with the aim objective to strengthen research and innovation in the country.

NEP focuses on the National Research Foundation because innovation is essential for a country to progress. Only when research and innovation are strong enough will we be able to go into this competitive world.

In the world of health-conscious superjocks trans fat has emerged as the new villain. The terror is real! Food with zero trans fats is the new trend. The need to avoid it in the diet is pertinent since it has many baleful effects on health. This spotlight on trans fat has raised awareness about healthy eating habits. Even the government has taken the matter of healthy diet seriously and launched several schemes to nutrify the people of India.

Trans Fatty acids (TFA) or Trans Fat
They are unsaturated fatty acids that are harmful to the body (They have one or more double bond hydrocarbon chain that is, they can take up additional hydrogen). They occur naturally but artificially produced fats are also consumed. Vanaspati or Margarine or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are artificially produced by the addition of hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid while dairy products and meats have natural trans fatty acids. They are used as food preservatives and as a replacement for pure ghee. Since they are cheap they are used to increase profitability. They are responsible for high cholesterol levels and reduction off good cholesterol (HDL– high density lipoprotein).

Effects on health
They increase the risk of heart diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and infertility. They are also known to cause certain types of cancers and compromised foetal development. Trans fat increases the amount of bad cholesterol (Low Density Lipoprotein) while reducing the amount of good cholesterol (High Density lipoprotein).

Government actions to tackle uptake of trans fatty acids
The World Health Organization made a clarion call to eliminate industrially produced trans fat by 2023. Denmark became the first country to ban trans fats In 2003. India too joined this initiative but did not ban the product entirely. The food safety and standards authority of India (FSSAI) put a cap of 3% for 2021 and 2% by 2022. Earlier permissible levels were 5%. The update took place in 2021 and is applicable to all the food producing enterprises using oils, Vanaspati, margarine, bakery shortenings, and other mediums of cooking such as vegetable fat spreads and mixed fat spreads.
Trans fat free logo was launched by the food regulator Food safety and standards authority of India (FSSAI) is an initiative to promote TFA-free food product. It is a voluntary action by the manufacturer. It can be used if the product does not have industrial trans-fat more than 0.2 g/100g of the food.
FSSAI also started a mass media campaign ‘Heart attack rewind’ to eliminate TFA’s in the food by 2022. It is descendant of the eat right campaign of 2018. It was launched when World Health Organization initiated the replace campaign in 2018 aimed at elimination of TFA’s by 2023 globally.
The government and the global community will do their bit but the actual onus lies on individuals themselves. They have to adopt healthy dietary habits like replacing trans fatty acids with other types of healthy fats like MUFA (Mono unsaturated fatty acid) and PUFA (Poly unsaturated Fatty acids). These are found in nuts, eggs, fish etc. In a nutshell, a balanced diet devoid of junk can promise a healthy life.

Relocating and settling down in a new country is an exciting thought for many among us but immigration rules vary from country to country. Every country in the world has certain methods for accepting immigrants to live in their country. The process can range from paying certain fees, taking relevant test, interviews, learning the native language of the country etc. So here are the 10 best countries to immigrate to easily.

1. Canada 🇨🇦

Canada is the first country that comes to mind before deciding to move abroad because Canada is among the friendliest countries in the world and one of the easiest countries to immigrate to, as well as one of the safest to live in. The scenery is stunning throughout, with great outdoor living opportunities. Canada also offers superb Healthcare and education making it ideal for families on the move. The best way to get started with your application begins by using an immigration agent, skilled workers get priority in the country. The authorities look at four categories these include qualification, knowledge of English, a job offer in Canada and ability to adapt to the ways of the country.

2. Germany 🇩🇪

Germany is a strong economy and boasts the lowest levels of unemployment in the EU. The first world country offers an excellent level of education and its universities are among the best in the world. With a choice of great cities like Berlin, Munich and Hamburg, as well as beautiful scenery and fairy tales Castles, Germany has a strong draw for immigrants. Commonly approved visa go to family reunification, business investment, employment offers and study. In all cases financial stability proof is required, once again skilled workers are preferred.

3. New Zealand 🇳🇿

With its forward-thinking government, New Zealand is a great country to move to. there are two islands to choose from North and South Island both of which have great cities, quaint towns and stunning surroundings scenery. The country also has an excellent public health care system offering free or heavily subsidised medical care, making it popular for families and placing it among the easy countries to immigrate to. For citizenship, you must have been a resident for at least four years and only travelled out of New Zealand for a short amount of time each year.

4. Paraguay 🇵🇾

Paraguay attracts retirees to South America. Low cost of living and low taxes and the landlocked countries stable economy stretches their pensions and lets them live in relative comfort. Paraguay is also a subtropical country with beautiful scenery and landscapes. What makes getting permanent residence easy is that you only need to have 4000 dollars in the bank to move there. The cash deposit in the Paraguay Central Bank. The best way to get into the country is to set up a company or purchase agricultural land for business. If your application gets granted, you may not remain outside the country for more than 3 years.

5. Singapore 🇸🇬

Singapore is also great for entrepreneurs and is the second easiest country in the world to do business. However, you need to find a job first to apply for permanent residence Singapore is among the most developed countries in Asia and offers reasonably liberal immigration and citizenship rules. Qualified people who expect to earn more than 2000 a month are more likely to qualify. Also, the country is not keen on employing unskilled workers. So you must have a certain set of skills to qualify for citizenship.

6. Brazil 🇧🇷

This is one of the largest countries in South America. It is a rich country with sweet cultural diversisty. There are super amazing and breathtaking sites in Brazil like the amazing rainforest and golden branches. The country is notable for its kind and hospitable treatment of foreigners. One of the quickest and easiest ways of obtaining residency in Brazil is proofs of your fixed monetary income. Ordinarily, to obtain Brazilian citizenship, you must have stayed and worked in the country for four years and have a sufficient understanding of the Portuguese language.

7. Panama 🇵🇦

When you are considering a country with easy immigration policies Panama is a great choice. Panama uses the US dollar for transactions within the country. You can get their long term retiree visa as long as your monthly income is within the range of one thousand dollars. For those within their younger age range, all you need to do is deposit five thousand dollars in a Panamanian bank account. This qualifies you for an initial process for applying for a friendly nation visa. The process of applying for Panamanian citizenship is also quite easy. You need to have lived for four years as a resident in the country.

8. Mexico 🇲🇽

Mexico offers a great standard of living and an excellent health care system. Along with wonderful coastal resorts. The country offers a variety of visas and permits spending on where you are moving from. However, if you hail from the USA, western Europe or other areas of Latin America you can stay visa-free for up to 180 days. Citizenship in Mexico requires a minimum of three consecutive years of residency in the country.

9. Norway 🇳🇴

Norway offers a good standard of living along with excellent free education. On top of this, the country has been rated as one of the happiest places to live in the world and is known for people’s good health and healthy longevity. Norway’s immigration rules tend to not be very strict making the process relatively easy. However, note that four categories exist for immigrants. These include work offers, education permits and family reunification. The top priority goes to families reunification. Norway is considered to be safe and is ideal for bringing up a family.

10. Argentina 🇦🇷

Argentina is a great place to live with vast and beautiful landscapes, Modern cities and some of the best beaches in the world. Argentina offers a low cost of living and excellent opportunities for employment and education. Making it ideal for singles, couples and families. It is also relatively easy to become a resident or citizen here. As long as meet the minimum monthly income set for immigrants. You can apply to become an Argentina citizen if you are over 18 yrs old and have been living in Argentina for 2 years.

We all have days when we do not feel like doing anything. We just want to lay on the bed, and surf through our phones, blocking out the noise of our parents and relatives. Most of us enjoy this period while it lasts, but at the end of the day, feel extremely guilty about not accomplishing anything.

It is very difficult to break out of this cycle of procrastination. Sometimes, even when half our days goes waste, we give up and continue the same routine throughout. Self-motivation should definitely be something everyone should follow, but here are a few tips on how to be more efficient and prevent procrastination.

The first way is to have an early start to the day. Waking up early in the morning can make your body feel energized and refreshed. Hence, you can tackle most of your work during this timeframe, since your mind possesses the maximum level of concentration in the mornings. Hence, you will have a positive mindset throughout your routine.

Another way is to eat light. Many people end up having a heavy lunch, which makes them feel drowsy and sluggish. It is very important to have food in limit and stop eating when you are 80% full. This is called the 80% rule. Along with eating light, one should also eat healthy. Good protein and carbohydrate intake helps you in the long run and shows long-term effects.

One of the key factors which also impacted me is to plan your day. In the morning, you should plan your day according to the work or study load. This keeps everything organized and systematic, and prevents you from forgetting any important deadlines or assignments. This also helps you to understand your method of working and the amount of work you can do in a day.

Many people depend on external factors, but the truth is you have the power to transform yourself. Always think positive. Even if you couldn’t get the work done till 2p.m, don’t feel disappointed. Sacrifice your leisure hours for a day to get the work done, and if it is not very urgent, shift it to the next day but make sure this does not become a cycle. Your self-control plays a very crucial role here. If you are engrossed in a very interesting movie or TV show, one should practice restraint, and stop watching after a certain period of time.

Yes, you can binge-watch during your free times or holidays, but don’t let it come in the way of your work. Keep your boundaries clear-cut, and prioritize all your tasks of the day. Apart from the previous things, try to avoid overthinking. Sometimes, a certain memory or thought can really trigger you, and you end up thinking a lot about it. Hence, ask yourself this question whenever you start overthinking or worrying about  something that is not under your control. “Is this thought worth my time?” If the answer is no, try to block out that thought. This sounds very simple, but yes it is very hard to implement.

In the end, think about the bigger picture. Think about what you want to achieve in life, your goals for the next month or next year or even after a few years. This will definitely motivate you to keep going.

“EFFECTS AND PREVENTION OF FALSIFIED MEDICINES ON HEALTH”

 

 

The supply of safe medicines ensures public health. The government has to take measures to for the prevention of falsified medicines. The consequences of falsified and substandard medicines are very dangerous as it leads to adverse effects. Falsified medicines are authorized medicines but unable to meet the standards of quality. All countries, especially low and middle-income countries are affecting by falsified medicines.

 

 

 

A strong relationship exists between drug failure and health as these are inverse proportional to each other. Falsified medicine will cause illness, mortality, early death, poisoning, untreatable disease, and treatment failure.

 

Various type of shady ingredients exists in substandard and falsified medicines that cause poisoning in the human body. Common types of shady ingredients are mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, chrome, uranium, strontium, selenium, aluminum, and boric acid. These ingredients in medicines are a threat to health due to the occurrence of the poisoning.

 

According to a report from the World Health Organization (WHO), falsified medicines increase the antimicrobial resistance among the people, who can pass on the mutant infection while individuals traveling abroad. Later on, such virus resistant and bacteria become impossible to treat. Not only this, but falsified medicines also cause untreated diseases, early death and treatment failure.

 

Moreover, the International Council of Nurses has to address the problem of falsified products for the sake of public health. Falsified products are not only a threat to health but also decrease the trust of public confidence in health systems and healthcare professionals.

 

 

 

Nurses working in the area of healthcare departments have the experience to identify the falsified medicines to generate a report for the improvement of the national healthcare systems. Hence, falsified medicines can be removed from the healthcare institutes based on the generated report of falsified and substandard medicines.

 

The usage of falsified medicines should be prevented by providing public awareness and education. The threat to health can be prevented through effective campaigns to explore awareness among the general public.

 

Falsified medicines contain dangerous ingredients in the toxic form so strong national regulatory frameworks are necessary for safe medicines. Also, these regulatory frameworks will fight against falsified products. As per the current research, only 20% of WHO member states have a well-developed and effective drug regulatory plan. Proper drug regulatory plan ensures safe medicine and prevents falsified medicines.

 

Production of substandard and falsified medicines is a global and complex issue. Worldwide, it has a great impact on the health of adults and children in developed as well as underdeveloped countries. Prevention of falsified medicines is necessary and precautionary measures should be taken at the national and international levels to curb this practice. Also, the supply chain management of drugs should be handled with care. Additionally, the supply of falsified medicines through e-commerce should be controlled and regularized for public health and safety.

 

“BE SAFE ”

“STAY HEALTHY FOREVER ”

“FAKE DRUGS ARE MORE DEADLY THAN TERRORISM IT HAS KILLED 65000 PEOPLE’S GLOBALLY COMPARED WITH 200,000 IN ONE YEAR ALONE IN CHINA FROM COUNTERFEID MEDICINES”

– MEREZJA F

There was no freedom for women during are ancestors time there
were certain rules that every woman should follow they must not go
out of the house, they must not come out of the kitchen when any
guest visit their house ,they must not switch on their without the
permission of man, during mensuration they must not sleep with the
family they should sleep faraway from their family and they should
not go to kitchen and they should not go to temple, church or
mosque ,they should not study they should only know work of a
household woman that’s all ,if they were at adolescence age then
parents will make them marry at the age itself for girls etc.. these are
the some problems faced by the woman during our ancestors time.
In our generation there is freedom but no safety for any girl. Now
every girl is frightened to go out even if they go they should each one as a
criminal till their daughter’s reaches all the parents will be in fear
and after the age of twenty four they will marry but from eighteen
the parents will start telling sit properly, eat this food only, then how
to cook, how to be calm before others, now itself you should learn
after that you cannot learn or job if your husband is not allowing
even husband allow after a child automatically there will be a
pressure to stop the job and look after the kids etc.. these are the
problems faced by every girl or woman in today’s society even all
technologizes this problem is not solved. Always girls or woman are
under the men it may be a support for certain times but it is all fake.
These are things which are ancestors  let’s change the world let the next
generation be happy without any problems. dom for women during are ancestors time there were certain rules that every woman should follow they must not go out of the house, they must not come out of the kitchen when any guest visit their house ,they must not switch on their without the permission of man, during mensuration they must not sleep with the family they should sleep faraway from their family and they should not go to kitchen and they should not go to temple, church or

mosque ,they should not study they should only know work of a
household woman that’s all ,if they were at adolescence age then
parents will make them marry at the age itself for girls etc.. these are
the some problems faced by the woman during our ancestors time.
In our generation there is freedom but no safety for any girl. Now
every girl is frightened to go out even if they go they should each one as a
criminal till their daughter’s reaches all the parents will be in fear
and after the age of twenty four they will marry but from eighteen
the parents will start telling sit properly, eat this food only, then how
to cook, how to be calm before others, now itself you should learn
after that you cannot learn or job if your husband is not allowing
even husband allow after a child automatically there will be a
pressure to stop the job and look after the kids etc.. these are the
problems faced by every girl or woman in today’s society even all
technologizes this problem is not solved. Always girls or woman are
under the men it may be a support for certain times but it is all fake.
These are things which are ancestors  let’s change the world let the next
generation be happy without any problems

dom for women during are ancestors time there
were certain rules that every woman should follow they must not go
out of the house, they must not come out of the kitchen when any
guest visit their house ,they must not switch on their without the
permission of man, during mensuration they must not sleep with the
family they should sleep faraway from their family and they should
not go to kitchen and they should not go to temple, church or
mosque ,they should not study they should only know work of a
household woman that’s all ,if they were at adolescence age then
parents will make them marry at the age itself for girls etc.. these are
the some problems faced by the woman during our ancestors time.
In our generation there is freedom but no safety for any girl. Now
every girl is frightened to go out even if they go they should each one as a
criminal till their daughter’s reaches all the parents will be in fear
and after the age of twenty four they will marry but from eighteen
the parents will start telling sit properly, eat this food only, then how
to cook, how to be calm before others, now itself you should learn
after that you cannot learn or job if your husband is not allowing
even husband allow after a child automatically there will be a
pressure to stop the job and look after the kids etc.. these are the
problems faced by every girl or woman in today’s society even all
technologies this problem is not solved. Always girls or woman are
under the men it may be a support for certain times but it is all fake.
These are things which are ancestors  let’s change the world let the next

generation be happy without any problem

Imagination is self-aggrandizing. It is the means of self-abnegation. We can form our own range by imagination. It is the environment of whatever we have.

Imagination is innate talent. Sometimes, it remains strong in people. Those who have more imaginative mentality, they incorporate this into poetic rhythm and serve it in literature.

Einstein once said-“Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere”. Imagination is the necessity. It helps us to understand ourselves, helps us to be ourselves. It is the basement of our spiritual world too. By the power of imagination, we can sow the pillar of discoveries. Imagination is actually needed for a healthy life. Last but not the least, we should continue to imagine; we should continue to dream; we should continue to make them fulfilled.

Neem leaf is used formerly ,eye disorders , bloody nose , intesential worms , stomach j upset ,loss of appetite ,skin Ulster

neem.seed extract contains an active compound that affect hair and skin such as live .

chewing Neem bark to promote oral hygiene is a common practice in India

Neem antiseptic anti inflammatory antioxidant and immune boosting properties may promote oral health . Although more research is needed studies indicate Neem may relieve pain and help treat and tooth decay.

As corona pandemic is going on there is no rest for the sales person now woman are also doing deliver the things. They are facing many problems they can divide their life to as before corona and after corona. The people before used to allow them in if they ask for water they will give but now as we are all afraid of corona we are not giving water to them. In this current situation we all are afraid of corona so we are not seeing their difficulties. They will not get rest time at every moment they should be moving one place to place as soon as possible because if they delay at a moment we are complaining that they are delaying. We should see others then our problem because of our complaint they will be getting less amount while travelling he/she may face many problems like traffic and other things. The order persons are not telling that they have corona in this pandemic time. They are also having family and kids. They didn’t see us as other family they are thinking us as their own family member and serving us food and things daily. There was a talk before this corona pandemic and all that the other jobs have leave but not for police, doctors and guards of the country but now in these list the delivery person and cleaners in the society. The persons are very dedicated to their job and they are putting effort in their work. There are many problems faced in this corona pandemic because each one is running to one door to another even in hospitals they are serving food. They are not feeling that it is a hard job but it is because many of our houses are in the top 9 or in top floor the person must climb the stairs sometimes it is very hard. In this corona pandemic many places have been blocked if they only that route they must find another route and give the delivery. If the order is not reached on time many of the persons are shouting at them. In some hotels they are not giving them water to they are treating them as a beggar. They are not uneducated people they don’t have job or not enough facility to precede their studies. There are many problems that they are facing each day they are a normal person. Each person we should respect him and not ill treat them. They are supplying food each and everybody without any hesitation that they are serving food. Many people are doing many works but this job is more risk like doctors and cleaners. They will not take any safety they will a wear mask that’s it because he/ she has only for their food and to buy small things for them and families. They are not showing their pain out but apart from this there are some people who really care for them as their own family member. Some people will say that come slowly and safely and if they see they need water they will give or ask them without any hesitation if they come late to deliver some people will say next time please come fast they will not complain and les their salary. If the food is not hot or if it is not cool or if it melts they had said the delivery person like this it had happened so see to it in a warm way some will give extra money for their efforts in their job.

In a Fast Paced World, Buying desired products at a deferred payment method (Loan) is the only option left with majority of people who do not have that much purchasing power as that of commodity. In these instances, many times people intentionally provide misstatement or misrepresent in front of financier to get loan and misuse them or in another situation they may lure financer into giving loan and end up in using it for Illegal Means.
Collateral security can be understood as a form of secondary protection sometimes required by a bank and intended to guarantee a borrower’s performance on a debt obligation.
For an Example: A bought a Lorry out of loan given by B with an assurance to pay monthly installments until the full loan gets recovered to the creditor, A issues some postdated cheques for the installments, after some days, A with slight diligence A makes effort and hides the lorry and pretends in front of Creditor that lorry has been stolen and Your (creditor) legal fight would be with the insurance company and not me.
Here, A is Debtor and B being Creditor with the Lorry being the Collateral i.e. If A defaults on the payment, B has the right to sell the lorry and adjust the loan.
Debtors can very well take advantage of Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments act and can misuse collateral given to the creditor for the loan. After the dishonoring of cheques, debtors can take refuge under the term “Security cheque”.
This Point of researcher is very well balanced by a series of judgments given by several high courts and The hon’ble Supreme Court. In the case of Sampelly Satyanarayana Rao vs. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited, The question whether a post-dated cheque is for “discharge of debt or liability” depends on the nature of the transaction. If on the date of the cheque liability or debt exists or the amount has become legally recoverable, the Section is attracted and not otherwise. Though the word security was written in the Agreement, the said expression refers to the cheques being towards repayment of installments. The repayment becomes due under the agreement, the moment the loan is advanced and the installment falls due. Once the loan was disbursed and installments had fallen due on the date of the cheque as per the agreement, dishonour of such cheques would fall under Section 138 of the Act. Here the complainant was Held Liable and he could not take protection for “Security cheque”.
In an Another Case, Shanku Concretes Pvt. Ltd. & Ors. Vs. State of Gujarat, Complainant giving 15 lacs to accused and accused issued 7 postdated cheques in discharge of debt, cheques were dishonoured, Court Held that No Offence of under Section 138 was is made out as cheques were issued as collateral security byaccused and not to discharge any existing debt.In Another case of Goa Handicrafts, rural & small scale Industries Development Corporation Ltd. Vs. M/s/ Samudra Ropes Ltd., When the cheque is not to be deposited and it is deposited, it does not entail a penal liability.Another Case of M.S Narayana Menon also affirms the point of researcher that cheque if issued or for any other purpose the same does not come within the purview of sec. 138 of Negotiable instruments act.In Cheque Bounce cases, the creditor’s position is strong as he has a cheque. The creditor has to issue a demand notice letter keeping in view the provisions of Section 138, the complaint application should contain the provisions of Section 138 only then the creditor is entitled to the benefit of Sections 139 and 118. Otherwise, the defendants can avail the benefit of lack of pleading. If the provisions of Section 138 (a) (b) (c) are not present in the complaint application, the position is not valid and can be dismissed.

Therefore, with the gap in law, collaterals continue to suffer.

sovereignty is the full rights and power of a governing body over itself without any interference from outside source or bodies in political theories sovereignty is a substance term destination Supreme authority over some policy in international dawn the important concept of sovereignty refers to the exercise of power by a state sovereignty in ability of fact do so which becomes of special concept upon the failure of the usual exceptions and that exist at the place and time of concept rest in same organization the concept of sovereignty has been discussed throughout history and are still actively debate its definition, concept and application has changed throughout especially during the age of enlightening the current notion of state sovereignty contains four aspects consisting of territory, population according to Stephen d.krasner the term could also be understood in four ways sovereignty is more than anything else a matter of legitimacy that that requires reciprocal recognition sovereignty is a hypothetical trade in which two potentially conflict sides,respecting de factor realities of power exchange such recognition ad their bast costly strategy a decision by the emperor has the force of law quod principles placed habit sovereignty that originated in the people although he did not use the term expressly the word sovereignty derived from Latin word types of Jana is people gana group mana mind adinayak leader jaya he victory bharatha india bhagya destiny vidhata disposer Punjabi Punjab Sandhu indus Gujarat marata Marathi dravida South utkala orissa banga bengal

The best things in life are free. This is undoubtedly true, for there is one vital aspect of life, that is nature and this is available in abundance, for each one of us for free. However, we are so much involved with ourselves and in our worldly pursuits that we fail to appreciate it.

Besides nature, there are other aspects of our lives, that are very much invaluable like the love, affection of our parents and near and dear one’s. These are essential for us and we know that they just can’t be bought.

We all know that “life is brief- a little hope, a little dream and then good night “. In this short period we must learn to enjoy every single moment, for there are numerous good facets of life which are only for us free of cost.

Khushi Agarwal

Floods are natural disasters affecting the crops, livestock, infrastructure and floods a human beings Floods occur when water bodies like rivers carry more amount of water than their capacities and when this additional water cannot be drained in a proper manner. Floods are not a recent phenomenon; it has been occurring since ages. However, today the destruction caused by floods is immense because of creased population density and spread of people in every part of the country.

Types of Floods in India

Floods in India are not restricted to any one place. There are several different kinds of flood, and each one bears a different impact in terms of how it occurs, the damage it causes, and how it is forecasted. In this section we will discuss about the different types of floods.

• Coastal (Surge Flood) It occurs in areas that lie on the coast of a sea, ocean, or other large body of open water. It is typically the result of extreme tidal conditions caused by severe weather Eastern coast of India is vulnerable to this type of floods due to frequent cyclonic activities. Further, rising sea level due to climate change can put many coastal cities of the world at risk of being overrun by sea water.
• Fluvial (River Flood) It occurs when excessive rainfall over an extended period of time causes a river to exceed its capacity It can also be caused by heavy snow melt and glacial level outburst. The damage from a river flood can be widespread as the overflow affects smaller rivers downstream, often causing dams and dikes to break. This type of flood usually occurs in Himalayan rivers and cause massive destruction including landslides.
• Pluvial (Surface Flood) It is caused when heavy rainfall creates a flood event independent of an overflowing water body. It can happen in any urban area Apart from these, floods may also be caused due to upsurge in groundwater and even higher elevation areas that lies above coastal and river floodplains. burst of drain and sewer.

Major Flood Prone Areas of India

The major flood prone regions in India according to National Commission on Floods comprises of Ganga River basin which includes state of Uttar Pradesh, North Bihar and West Bengal. The heavy rainfall and huge siltation make flood yearly affair in Brahmaputra River system also. The inadequate surface drainage which causes inundation and water-logging over vast areas is the main cause of floods in North-Western part of India.

Cloudburst and torrential rainfall have caused flood in Uttarakhand and Kashmir. The small rivers of Kerala, originating in Western ghats and flowing to the Arabian sea, cause considerable damage when in spate. The deltaic region of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri suffer from occasional food owing to the large-scale silting and consequent change in the river course.

Cause of Flood

Floods are caused by natural, ecological or anthropogenic factors either individually or as a combined result Earthquake, landslide and cloudburst are among other natural causes of flood Man made causes include collapse of dams, embankments and efficient sewerage system in cities. The various causes of floods in India are Causes of Flood as follows:

• Rainfall of about 15cm or more in single day, sometimes are beyond the carrying capacity of the river causes the spilling of river over natural banks West coast f Western Ghats, Assam and Sub-Himalayan West Bengal and Indo-Gangetic plains faces flood due to heavy precipitation almost every year.
• The Himalayan rivers carry a lot of silt with them due to erosive action of the rivers. Because of the amount of silt carried by the rivers, the level of river bed rises and the water carrying capacity of the rivers gets reduced. This causes floods in the nearby areas of hill slopes. The water level in river rises because of greater run off Floods in Western ghats, Shiwaliks and Chotanagar plateau region occurs due to this reason.
• Excessive sand mining comes at a huge cost to the river and those living around it. Excessive sand mining can alter the river bed, force the river to change its course, erode banks and lead to flooding. It also destroys the habitat of aquatic animals and micro-organisms besides affecting groundwater recharge.
• In the flat terrain especially in plain areas, rivers have tendency to meander or change the course within a specific boundary. Because of this, frequent flood occurs in lower reaches of Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers.
• Tropical cyclone accompanied by strong winds, huge torrential rain and high tidal bores causes inundation of Eastern coastal regions of India. Floods due cyclone are common in the East coasts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal.
• In coastal areas sea rides deposit silt in the river mouths and discharge channels leading to steady deterioration of their discharge capacity, it causes floods in deltaic areas of India.
• Due to inadequate drainage, floods have occurred in Punjab, Haryana and Western UP After introduction of irrigation in these areas, the sub-soil water table rises fast leading to widespread flooding.

Control Measures

Being a natural phenomenon, the total elimination or control of floods is neither practically possible nor economically viable. Hence, flood control measures aim at providing a reasonable degree of protection against flood damage at economic costs in the section we will discuss various control measures of flood adopted by government and citizens.

• For controlling the flood, the government has constructed many dams and authorities which includes Damodar Valley Corporation for Damodar river, Narmada Control Authority for Narmada River, Hirakund dam on Mahanadi, Ukai dam on the Taps and the Bhakra dam across Sutlej. The Central Water Commission and National Flood Control Board in partnership with the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has taken many steps for flood control.
• Among other structural measures, flood embankments, flood banks and levees have been constructed all along the major rivers, so that excess water in their channel does not cause havoc a nearby areas.
• Surface water drainage congestion due to inadequacy of natural or manmade drainage channels results in flooding in many areas in this regard government has started many drainage improvements programs.
• Diverting all or a part of the discharge into a natural or artificially constructed channel, lying within or in some cases outside the flood plains is a useful means of lowering water levels in the river to control the flood The flood spill channel skirting Srinagar city and the Supplementary Drain in Delhi are examples of diverting excess water to prevent flooding of the urbanized areas.
• Among the non-structural measures which strive to keep people away from flood waters, the flood-plain zoning and flood proofing have been adopted by the government. These are non-structural changes, adjustments or additions to reduce and prevent flood. Similarly, India Meteorological Department (IMD) issues flood forecasting and warning which are of immense help in relocation of the vulnerable section of population.
• Watershed management measures such as developing the vegetative cover i.e., afforestation and conservation of soil cover in conjunction with structural works like check dams, detention basins etc. serve as an effective measure in reducing flood peaks and controlling the suddenness of the runoff Government under National green mission aims at massive afforestation all along the channels of major rivers. Further many watershed developments projects have been taken up under MGNREGA, which will eventually help in controlling the flood.

Supreme Court approves CBSE marking formula but asks boards to include dispute resolution system and provision of written exams for students wanting to improve their score.
The Central Board of Secondary Education has decided to go for a ’30:30:40 formula’ 30 per cent from Class 10 board, 30 per cent from Class 11 exam, and 40 per cent from Class 12 assessment to tabulate Class 12 results this year, the board informed the Supreme Court Thursday.

The Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations has also decided to go for a similar formula as CBSE, except they have decided to take the average of the last six years instead of three years. While this was orally communicated to the court, CISCE will now submit the written affidavit notifying their marking scheme.The apex court approved the marking scheme, and said there was no question of rolling back the decision of not holding exams.the heresults will be declared by 31 July, the CBSE told the court as it submitted a detailed evaluation criteria, which was decided after the board had to cancel exams last month because of the second Covid-19 wave.

According to the affidavit CBSE submitted in the court, the 40 per cent of marks from Class 12 will be based on unit test mid board exams, 30 per cent from Class 11 based on theory component of the final exam, and the remaining 30 per cent from Class 10 marks based on average theory component of best three performing subjects out of the main five.The new formula is to calculate theory marks for students, while practical and internal assessment components will be calculated according to the existing policies. The board had last week asked all schools to complete their practical assessment and submit the data to the board by 28 June.the marking policy will affect more than 14 lakh candidates who had registered for Class 12 exams in 2020-21 session.The board has asked schools to form a five member panel for computation of results.

Theory and practical marks
According to the board’s scheme, theory marks for Class 12 for computation of results will be based on performance in one or more unit test mid pre board theory examination, but the school committee may decide internally what should be given more weightage.To facilitate ease in entering the theory marks of class 10, the board will provide the marks for the students who have appeared in CBSE class 10 examinations. For students of other Boards, the schools will have to enter the information based on the class 10 marksheets of the students available with schools,” the affidavit added.The board also said since the Class 11 and Class 12 marks will be awarded at school level, “they will strictly not be comparable across schools due to the variations in the quality of question paper students who are not satisfied with the result calculated based on the policy will be given an opportunity to appear in examinations to be conducted by the board when conditions are conducive for it.

Technology advancements have been a blessing to human beings, and today, computers and mobile devices have been a part of our daily lives. The internet is also a part of the technology that many of us have come to appreciate. Basically, in this day and age, it is the internet that makes many the world go round. Social media, for instance, is a part of the internet that has created a greater avenue for people to interact across the globe. Nowadays, social media negative effects are not unknown. Sadly, our youth have taken on the use of social media to the extend that it can have some very severe effects on their overall well being if not monitored or restricted.

As much as social media is known to a great social network tool, its evils in society cannot be overlooked. Youth are susceptible to potential harm posed by social media usage. If not recognized on on time and handled, these negative impacts of social media can be risky to the health and social well being of the youth. The negative effects of social media on youth are as following:

1. ANXIETY-We are more curious about knowing what other people are doing rather than spending time for ourselves. Those who spend more time on social media become victims of depression and anxiety because it adversely affects the thought processes and mood. Good mental health is important for study, career, and personal life. Thus, it is recommended to spend only half a hour per day instead of wasting your whole day.
2. DECREASED ACTIVITY-Teenagers who use social media heavily do not spend enough time on activities that definitely increase mental abilities, skills, and physical movement. Those who exercise daily, their body releases endorphins that signal our brain to stay positive and reduce depression. Thus decreased activities reduce thee secretion of endorphins and it is causing depression.
3. POOR CONCENTRATION-Today negative effects on social media on students can be seen easily. Different tasks, such as schoolwork, classwork, or homework, require more concentration to deal with something important, but now teenagers have a habit of simultaneously using social media. Most of them consider it multitasking, but it is not. Researches show constant interruption has an adverse effect on attention and reduces learning and performance.
4. SOCIAL ISOLATION-There is a statistical relationship between the use of social media and social isolation. When teenagers see pictures or videos of a party where they were not invited, it can bring anxiety. It is known as “fear of missing out”. Most of the time, teenage children believe they are connecting to different persons using social media, but actually, they are out of the present moment and their lives. It can become a cause to feel more isolated and a reason for FOMO.
5. SLEEP DEPRIVATION-Social media is among the leading causes of sleep deprivation in teens nowadays. They are constantly worried about what their friends are posting and sharing. Adolescents can stay active on social media for longer durations. And if they do these, especially during sleep time or just before the sleep, then there is a high possibility of their sleep being disrupted. The reading can help you understand the importance of sleep and the associated risks of sleep loss.
6. LOWER SELF ESTEEM-Most teen girls start comparing themselves with celebrities after spending time on social media and want to look slim, pretty and rich like them. It is normal to copy those persons they admire or consider a role model in the teenage. This imitation can negatively affect their self respect and dignity. Different studies outcomes are that girls who spend more time on social media to portray themselves like celebrities are isolated from friend circles. Their friends will not accept them.
7. CYBERSTALKING-Smartphones are connecting people. But, negative effects of smartphones on youth can be seen today. If you’re always sharing your location, then social media friends know where you are. Teenagers are used to updating their status, share what they’re watching, listening to, reading and where they check-in. This habit becomes an addiction and make them hyperactive because they always look for new updates from their friends. They check every notification and alert to respond because they believe responding on time is necessary.
8. CYBERBULLYING-A bullying is the use of social media to communicate false, embarrassing, or hostile information to specific users. Among the major effects of social media, cyberbullying is an evil that has become such an atypical today. victims of prolonged cyber bullying often end up with psychological problems like depression, loneliness, anxiety and some even become suicidal.

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COVID-19 has completely driven the people lives of India as well as rest of the world, totally in a different way. Hence similar to other countries, India is also badly troubling now in an enormous way like education and so called best health infrastructures totally affect the economic condition towards downward direction of today’s time and the future in a cruel manner. There is no end till now to stop this pandemic and the whole world are facing another COVID-19 aftermath i.e. pandemic crisis. Economically, India was already in a bad condition before start of this pandemic and now this crisis has created more and more pathetic situation for the people. All the people lives of both urban and rural areas are deadly affected by this pandemic crisis. Social distancing and other safety precaution are not fully followed by the people. On the other hand, this pandemic crisis has increased the unemployment rate with anxiety and depression. In that situation, both government and public health care sector are collapsed due to heavy COVID-19 patients. The earlier physical class room system is totally changed into online class room system and learners (basically in rural sectors) fell some difficulty to adopt this. This crisis generates a new system for work, called work from home. In this chapter, we discuss about some major points of crisis in this pandemic situation in India.Millions of Indians have lost jobs in the formal sector since April due to the economic stress caused by novel coronavirus. However, the pandemic is not the only reason behind the ongoing job crisis in the country.The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India has been largely disruptive. India’s growth in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 2020 went down to 3.1% according to the Ministry of Statistics. The Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India said that this drop is mainly due to the coronavirus pandemic effect on the Indian economy. Notably India had also been witnessing a pre-pandemic slowdown, and according to the World Bank, the current pandemic has “magnified pre-existing risks to India’s economic outlook”.Major companies in India such as Larsen & Toubro, Bharat Forge, UltraTech Cement, Grasim Industries, Aditya Birla Group, BHEL and Tata Motors temporarily suspended or significantly reduced operations. Young startups have been impacted as funding has fallen.Fast-moving consumer goods companies in the country have significantly reduced operations and are focusing on essentials. Stock markets in India posted their worst loses in history on 23 March 2020. However, on 25 March, one day after a complete 21-day lockdown was announced by the Prime Minister, SENSEX and NIFTY posted their biggest gains in 11 years.The Government of India announced a variety of measures to tackle the situation, from food security and extra funds for healthcare and for the states, to sector related incentives and tax deadline extensions. On 26 March a number of economic relief measures for the poor were announced totaling over ₹170,000 crore.India does not have reliable, official high-frequency data on jobs. While CMIE’s jobs data has been the centre of a political slugfest in the past, with government officials repeatedly questioning the survey’s methodology, Sen said that it doesn’t matter now because what we are interested in is “capturing change”.

 

Neem leaf is used formerly ,eye disorders,bloody nose ,intesential worms ,stomach upset ,loss of appetite , skin ulcers , diseases of heart and blood vessels , fever , diabetes , gum disease and liver problems .

Neem seed extract contains an active compound that affect hair and skin such as live .Azadirachtun works by disrupting parasite growth and other cellular processes.

Chewing Neem bark to promote oral hygiene is a common practice in India.

Neem’s antiseptic , anti – inflammatory , antioxidant and immune -boosting properties may promote oral health . Although more research is needed studies indicate that Neem may relieve pain and help treat gingivitis ,periodontitis and tooth decay .

    Although Neem appears to have numerous therapeutic effect , results are inconclusive sine they’re based on test -tube and animal research with very few human studies.

Scientists have shown that the cold desert of Ladakh Himalaya once experienced large floods that rose much above the present-day river level. It implies that in the scenario of global warming, when the higher Himalaya regions are expected to respond dramatically, flood frequency in Ladakh may increase, which may call for serious urban and rural planning.

Large floods that naturally occur in major rivers of India fed by melting snow and glaciers and a continental scale precipitation regime of Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and Westerlies and East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) significantly modify the landscape and impact lives and economy of all that encroached into its geomorphic domain.

These floods are of various kinds and origin (Glacial/landslide lake outbursts, cloud bursts, excessively strong monsoon) and have different forcing factors and frequencies and therefore add large uncertainty in flood prediction models. An instrumental record of these floods is of ~100 years is not enough to understand the natural ramp of flood occurrences in the Himalayas, and therefore archive going deep into time is required.

A team of students and scientists lead by the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology at Dehradun, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, travelled through the tough terrains of Zanskar and Indus drained Himalaya and looked minutely into geological signatures of past floods in Ladakh region that date between 15-3 thousand years before present. This study was recently published online in the Geological Society of America Bulletin.

Flood leaves a stack of fine sand and silts at places along its channel where the flood energy drastically reduces, for example, wider segments of river valleys, confluences, behind rock embayments which is called as Slack Water Deposits (SWDs). The SWDs were located at several locations along the Zanskar and Indus rivers, counted vertically for the number of floods, and were dated using technology called Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry of 14C. The flood deposits were also analysed for their source.

This analysis showed that the cold desert once experienced a large flood that rose to more than 30 m above the present-day river level. The active flood plains nearer to river were also utilized by Humans, possibly as camping sites and cooking as indicated by presence of hearths at several locations and levels of flood deposits.

The chronology of the flood deposits pointed towards three phases of increased flooding occurred in Ladakh after the period called Last Glacial Maximum (14–11, 10–8, and 7–4 (1000 years) or ka). These were times when due to warming, the Indian summer monsoon was active in Ladakh as well. The results also suggest that Ladakh floods are chronologically out-of-phase with those occurring in North-Eastern Himalayas and mainland China during the past 15 thousand years. This implies that the modern relationship between the ISM and EASM goes deep into more than 14 thousand years. Further, the rocks of Higher Himalayan Crystalline and Tethyan sequences equally act as hotspots of erosion in the regions during the flood phases.

The preliminary study of hearths suggested that there was an inbound migration of people along the mountain corridors of Ladakh after the Last Glacial Maximum when temperatures were relatively warmer, and hydrology of the region was supporting. According to the WIHG team, a detailed genomic and isotopic-based study of these anthropogenic relics may further help understand the geographical antiquity of migrating humans and the kind of food and vegetation they were living on.

Bangladesh will set up an international institute for vaccine production including for COVID 19.

Announcing it in Parliament on Wednesday, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said that the government will sign an agreement with South Korea to set up the vaccine institute in Bangladesh. She said that government to government negotiations are going on with the countries which have developed vaccines for COVID 19 for technology transfer.

The capacity of three Banglaesshi firms has been assessed for the production of the COVID 19 vaccines. Prime Minister Hasina told parliament that a vaccine developed by one of the Bangladeshi companies Globe Biotech Ltd is now in the trial stage.

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said that the government has taken initiative to produce COVID 19 vaccine alongwith collecting vaccines from various sources in the world in view of the Corona pandemic. She said Bangladesh has so far received 1.08 crore doses of the COVID 19 vaccine from foreign sources out of which 1.02 crore doses came from India including the gifted doses of over 3 million doses.

India continues to report Covid cases below 1 lakh per day.

As the various states across the country begin unlocking in a graded manner, a section of people are hopeful of easing in travel restriction by several countries which came into play as India was hit hard by the second wave of Corona.

There is a large population of students who have been lucky to secure admission in various foreign Universities but were unable to join their institutions as the spread of Covid and subsequent closure of the various embassy and Consulate offices almost stopped processing of all type of Visa applications. The sudden and unprecedented situation created a panic among many people who got stuck in India. Various embassies started getting urgent calls but they largely remained unfulfilled due to strict Covid Guidelines and travel restrictions. Now as the situation of the pandemic in India is fast deescalating, various foreign Missions have started indication that things might get well soon.

France has called for students interested in studying in France to apply for Visas. French Ambassador Emannuel Lenin took to Twitter “Looking to study in France? Student visa applications are now open at your nearest VFS centre! Get all the information you need on programmes & scholarships, plus free counselling at your nearest Campus France office:” He tweeted.

The U.S. Embassy and Consulates in India are continuing their important operations. Spokesperson of the US embassy In Delhi said that student visas remains a top priority and the U.S. Mission to India is making every attempt to facilitate student travel in time for the fall semester, including by offering tens of thousands of July and August student visa appointments at posts across India.
Most other routine nonimmigrant visa appointments at U.S. Embassy New Delhi and the consulates in Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Mumbai remain limited. Mission India posts will make every attempt to continue to honour approved emergency visa appointments. Emergency services for U.S. citizens will continue.

For people keen on travelling to the UK, The High Commission has already started Visa application centres for quite some time. A British High Commission spokesperson said: “The UK’s Visa Application Centres in India are open and we continue to process applications for many visa categories, including student and skilled worker visas.” The UK’s new Graduate Route for international students are opening for applications on 1 July 2021. The spokesperson said, “Our universities are global institutions which thrive on the contribution of international students, including those from India.”

Meanwhile, “The UK has also modified visa rules to ensure students can study online until they’re able to travel to the UK for in-person tuition.” He added further

Acknowledging the deep people-to-people links between India and Singapore, A representative from the High Commission responded, “We hope that the situation continues to improve. We will continue to monitor the situation and adjust our border measures accordingly.”
The representative further added Singapore government is working closely with IATA to safely rebuild connectivity. Singapore is one of the first countries to adopt the IATA Travel Pass for the submission of pre-departure PCR test results to airlines and immigration checkpoints from 1 May 2021.

The pandemic has affected all aspects of life globally. With the global fight getting stronger against the pandemic with aggressive vaccination, things are gradually moving back to normalcy.

India has signed an agreement extending a US$ 100 million Line of Credit (LOC) to Sri Lanka for projects in the Solar Energy Sector.

The agreement was signed between the Government of Sri Lanka and the Export-Import Bank of India.

A press statement from the Indian High Commission in Colombo said, ‘India has become the first country to partner with Sri Lanka in fulfilling the vision of the President of Sri Lanka, Gotabaya Rajapaksa, to ensure that 70% of Sri Lanka’s national power requirements are fulfilled by renewable energy sources by 2030,”

The agreement was exchanged in the presence of President Rajapaksa, between the High Commissioner of India to Sri Lanka, Gopal Baglay and the Secretary to the Treasury, S.R. Attygalle. President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and the High Commissioner of India also discussed the striking similarity in the national objectives outlined by India and Sri Lanka in connection with solar energy.

President Rajapaksa in his tweet said “Sri Lanka is going green, and we are working extensively to make it happen. Today, we formalized the agreement on the Line of Credit worth US$ 100M b/w Sri Lanka and the Export & Import Bank of India. Steadily, we’re getting closer to the goal of 70% renewable energy by 2030.”

This US$ 100 million LOC will help finance various projects in the solar energy sector in Sri Lanka, such as rooftop solar photo-voltaic systems for households and government buildings. Some of the projects were announced during the Founding Conference of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) held in March 2018 in Delhi.

Thus far 89 countries, including Sri Lanka, have signed the Framework Agreement of the ISA, which intends to bring together countries to promote the large-scale deployment of solar energy and overcome challenges related to technology, finance and capacity.

Bangladesh reported its highest level of single day COVID 19 infection and deaths in over 6 weeks on Wednesday.

According to the latest figures released by the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), 60 people died and 3956 new Corona Positive cases were detected in the last 24 hours on Wednesday morning.

The single day death toll on Wednesday is highest since May 4 when 61 people had died due to Corona. Similarly, the new COVID 19 infection on Wednesday marks the highest level since April 22 when 4014 new cases were detected.

The sample positivity rate also continued to rise. It was reported to be 16.62 percent on Wednesday marking a sharp rise from 14.27 percent on Tuesday.

In order to control the further spread of Coronavirus in the country, the government of Bangladesh has extended the ongoing restrictions on movement and public gathering till July 15. Government has imposed COVID 19 related restrictions in the country since April 5 which has been extended with certain modifications in several phases. The current phase of COVID restrictions ended on Tuesday.

According to the notification issued by the Cabinet Division on Tuesday, the government has authorised district administration of high risk districts to decide about restrictions or lockdown. All tourist places, resorts, community centres and recreation centres will remain closed. Social, religious or political gathering will be restricted. Hotels and restaurants will be allowed to serve people upto half of their capacity. Similarly, public transport will also operate by allowing people to board only upto half of their capacity.
However, government and private offices and factories will remain open with observance of health guidelines.

Rajesh Jha/Dhaka/16.6.2021
Rajesh Sir: Bangladesh to set up international vaccine institute- Prime Minister Hasina

Bangladesh will set up an international institute for vaccine production including for COVID 19. Announcing it in Parliament on Wednesday, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said that the government will sign an agreement with South Korea to set up the vaccine institute in Bangladesh. She said that government to government negotiations are going on with the countries which have developed vaccines for COVID 19 for technology transfer.

The capacity of three Banglaesshi firms has been assessed for the production of the COVID 19 vaccines. Prime Minister Hasina told parliament that a vaccine developed by one of the Bangladeshi companies Globe Biotech Ltd is now in the trial stage.

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said that the government has taken initiative to produce COVID 19 vaccine alongwith collecting vaccines from various sources in the world in view of the Corona pandemic. She said Bangladesh has so far received 1.08 crore doses of the COVID 19 vaccine from foreign sources out of which 1.02 crore doses came from India including the gifted doses of over 3 million doses.

The Sports Authority of India has recieved requests through NRAI for the vaccination of two skeet shooters Angad Vir Singh Bajwa and Mairaj Ahmed Khan who are shooting in Italy.

The former needs his second dose and the latter requiring his first, since he has recovered from Covid infection just over a month ago.

For the vaccination of the skeet shooters, National Rifle Association of India intimated SAI on June 10. The Embassy of India in Rome, has taken the issue up with the concerned Italian authorities and are working towards organising vaccine doses for both. The SAI and Embassy are in touch with both athletes to help resolve the issue. The Italian government’s health department has requested for details of athletes with regards to their past Covid history, which have been furnished.

As for the extension of the gun permits and visas of the two shooters and visa of the physical trainer Jitender Arya till July 18, the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has already written to the Ministry of External Affairs for assistance. Since Italian authorities have said the visas of those already in Italy cannot be extended as per rules, the Embassy of India in Rome has taken it up with the Italian Olympic Committee to help secure the extension of visas.

Both athletes are likely to travel to Croatia for the World cup from Italy. The Indian Government has also made backup arrangements for their vaccination in Croatia in the event of vaccination not taking place in Italy, so that both athletes get two doses before their travel to Tokyo.

What is a Cell Tower?

Cell towers, also known as cell sites, are where electric communications equipment and antennae are mounted, allowing the surrounding area to use wireless communication devices like telephones and radios. Cell towers are usually built by a tower company or a wireless carrier when they expand their network coverage or capacity, providing a better reception signal in that area. Cell towers are basically everywhere across the United States, although some cities have more than others. And Millman Land was there since the late 1990s, ensuring that the cell towers are all properly inspected. There are currently more than 307,000 cell towers in the United States. Sometimes they can be spotted on tops of buildings. Other times cities require cell towers to blend into the cityscape seamlessly. Rural areas sometimes hide them in treescapes, disguising them as a tree.

Our wireless services include cell tower surveys, cell tower audits and As-builts. In this article, we aim to tell you more about cell towers and how they work. We also want to address people’s growing concerns over 5G and put to rest the rumors. How Do Cell Towers Work? cell tower in New YorkThere are over 300 million cell phones being used daily in the United States.

Whenever a cell phone is used, it emits an electromagnetic radio wave, called a radio frequency, that is received by the nearest cell tower’s antenna. Once the cell tower receives this signal, it will transmit the signals to a switching center. This allows the call to be connected to either another mobile phone or to a telephone network. It’s crazy to think all of this happens in mere seconds. Related: The Ultimate Guide to ALTA Surveys Parts of a Cell Tower The insanely fast technology of a cell tower is due to its parts. You’ll hear us mentioning cell carriers a lot in this section. That’s because a lot of the parts of a cell tower are provided by individual cell carriers, also known as wireless networks. There are four wireless networks in the United States that have the best coverage. Right now the top provider is Verizon, which has 70% 4G coverage. AT&T is in close second with 68%. T-Mobile has 62% and Spring is in fourth with 27%, a major decline in coverage. Verizon US 4G coverage cell towers in US The Tower There are actually four different types of cell towers. The first kind is known as a lattice tower. Also called a self-supporting tower, this type of tower offers incredible flexibility. It usually has three or four sides with similar shaped bases. The second type of tower is a monopole tower. This type of tower features a single steel or concrete tube tower, usually under 50 meters. It only requires one foundation. The antennas are attached to the exterior. A guyed tower is cost-effective but requires a bigger amount of land. It’s usually built 100 meters or greater, connected buy guy wires to anchor and support it. They are attached to the ground in all directions. Most radio and television towers are guyed towers. The fourth type is the stealth tower, which we briefly touched upon before. Often required by councils, these are more expensive than the other three options but aim to beautify the community they’re in. They require additional materials that help them hide in plain sight. While much more appealing, they often do not provide the same amount of capacity for tenants.

The Equipment The equipment on cell towers includes transceivers and other supporting technology. These are installed in cabinets or shelters or any other way that wireless carriers choose to protect them. Some even create outdoor cabinets on concrete pads or prefabricated equipment shelters.

The Antennas Alright, we’ve touched on antennas a lot, but what are they? There are multiple antennas attached to a cell tower, typically mounted on a head frame. Some towers even have up to 15 antennas per carrier. This number really depends on the antenna’s performance, coverage and capacity requirements. Utilities and Access Carriers will also install utilities at the cell tower site. Each carrier has power to run to the site as well as phone service. Each cell tower also requires access by the carriers for initial installation and ongoing maintenance.Cell Tower Range The aforementioned parts help determine just how far a cell tower can be a from a cell phone while still able to pick up its signal. That distance is determined by the connecting technology, landscape features (hills, trees and buildings), the power of the tower’s transmitter, the size of the cellphone network and the network’s design capacity. What’s interesting is that a cell tower will sometimes have their transmitter seat to a lower power on purpose to ensure it doesn’t interfere with neighboring cells. But even with all of those factors, the typical cell tower can provide service up to 45 miles away. That’s quite impressive! Let’s take a closer look at what various components affect a cell tower’s range and effectiveness.

What Affects a Cell Tower’s Range?

The range of a cell tower is not a fixed figure. That’s because there are so many variables when it comes to the range in which a cell tower connects a mobile device. The most common variables include:How hight the antenna is over the surrounding landscape.The frequency of the signal in use.The rated power of the transmitter.The directional characteristics of the antenna array on the site.Nearby buildings and vegetation absorbing and reflecting radio energy.The local geographical or regulatory factors and weather conditions.Cell towers are often built in areas with high population densities. That’s because these cities have the most potential cell phone users. For that reason, you’ll often find cell towers “overlapping” in more crowded areas. This helps to avoid interference problems. If you find yourself wondering why you don’t have a signal on your cell phone, it could be because you’re too far from a tower or because the cell phone signal has been decreased by hills, large buildings or other structures. You may also lose your signal if a lot of people are attempting to use the cell tower at the same time. That often leads to calls getting dropped. While driving, your phone can switch from one cell tower to the next mid-conversation. As you continue your journey, the cell phone will pick the strongest signal and release the weaker cell tower, making it available to another caller. Another factor that could affect your signal is a problem with the cell tower. With help from surveyors like Millman National Land Service, these issues can be identified so they don’t turn into a major headache. man on cell tower overlooking city dangerousIs

5G Dangerous?With the coronavirus pandemic continuing to strike fear into people all over the world, it’s no surprise that we’re seeing an abundance of conspiracy theories regarding COVID-19 and how it’s spread. One of the most bizarre are the Facebook posts claiming that 5G has created the coronavirus pandemic. While definitely a little on the radical side, there are still some health concerns about 5G that are a bit more grounded in science. But no: 5G did not cause the coronavirus. What is 5G?Big wireless carriers like AT&T, Verizon and Spring have started to implement 5G as the new wireless standard. In a year or so, 5G will be available throughout the United States. There are currently some devices that use 5G, like Samsung’s Galaxy S10, but most current phone models do not support 5G just yet. 5G will basically be a major improvement on network performance. It’s considered a huge upgrade from 4G, which debuted back in 2009. While 4G delivers 10 Mbps, 5G will deliver peak speeds between 10 and 20 Gbps. It’s also more ideal for video game streaming, downloading movies and other heavy-duty data activities since network latency will drop from 30ms to 1ms. While this is all exciting technology-wise, there are currently growing concerns over the health risks of 5G, since it’s a stronger radiofrequency. While 5G has not caused the coronavirus, are there other dangers lurking on cell towers across the United States?

How Dangerous Is Radiofrequency Radiation?So what are these Facebook conspiracy theorists claiming about 5G? There are growing concerns that 5G’s higher energy radiation will bring potentially damaging effects to human beings near the cell towers. This increase in radiofrequency radiation will supposedly lead to cancer, premature aging and disruption in cell metabolism thanks to damage done to human DNA. Is this true? Well, not to be an alarmist, but RFR can also be found in your microwave, radios and other daily activities and common household items. Even computer monitors. Because of this, it’s already been determined that RFR is not really all that dangerous unless used in certain circumstances. What are these dangerous circumstances? Well, the radiation has to be “ionizing” to be strong enough to break chemical bonds. This includes x-rays and gamma rays. Wi-fi and FM radio are “non-ionizing,” meaning they’re too weak to cause any damage. Non-ionizing RFR, like those found coming from cell towers, have no known mechanism that causes biological effects or DNA mutations. In other words, it’s completely safe. The Risks of 5GSo 5G is a new technology – a stronger technology. Should people be concerned? Currently, 5G is a non-ionizing RFR, meaning it’s not able to do any real damage. Many conspiracy theories point towards the fact that 5G will require more transmitters. Since there are more popping up in cities, towns and neighborhoods, will the dose be higher? While a reasonable question to ask, 5G cell towers are still not a threat, even when there’s more cropping up. The electromagnetic radiation you withstand by walking outside is far greater than a 5G cell tower. But what about 5G’s higher gigahertz frequency? Since it’s higher, is it more dangerous to living organisms? Currently, there’s no science supporting this. The FCC has also stated that there are no health problems currently associated with cell towers. “For 5G equipment, the signals from commercial wireless transmitters are typically far below the RF exposure limits at any location that is accessible to the public,” said Neil Derek Grace, a communications officer at the FCC.While scientists are continuing to look into 5G technology and possible health risks, there is currently nothing to support that 5G cell towers do real harm to humans or animals.